Axis

Participatory Architecture of Medium Complexity

El Nabo, Querétaro.

January 2022

Designers

Ramón Aguilera Martínez. A01703129

Arturo Buttenklepper López. A01703892

Axel García Vázquez. A01707056

Teachers

Dr. Rubén Garnica Monroy

Mtr. Diana García Cejudo

Mtr. Rodrigo Pantoja Calderón

Mentors

Arq. Daniela Cruz Naranjo

Arq. Luisa Fernanda Medina Martínez

Arq. Andrea Parga Vázquez

Arq. Pedro Mendoza Hernández

Arq. Agustín Solorzano Gil

Arq. María Fernanda Peña Perez

Acknowledgments

Dear Professors, Advisors, Family, and Classmates,

We want to express our heartfelt appreciation to each and every one of you who has supported us throughout our journey in architecture. We are so grateful for your guidance, feedback, and unwavering support.

To our professors and advisors, Rubén Garnica, Diana García, Rodrigo Pantoja, Daniela Cruz, Luisa Medina, and all the others who have taught us, thank you for your passion, dedication, and for shaping us into the architects we are today.

To our families, thank you for being our pillars of strength and for supporting us through thick and thin. Your love and encouragement have meant the world to us.

Lastly, to my classmates, thank you for your friendship, encouragement, and for sharing this journey with us. We have grown together, and your support has made all the difference.

Thank you all for being a part of this incredible journey. We could not have done this without you.

In the course of Participatory Architecture of Medium Complexity, we embarked on a social project focused on addressing water stress in two communities in Querétaro: Cumbres del Lago and El Nabo. The city has experienced climatic damages over the years due to a scarcity of rainfall for most of the year and intense precipitation in short periods. This has resulted in droughts and floods. Therefore, our challenge during this semester was to develop a project that offers solutions to minimize the impact of water stress in both communities and improve the quality of life for their residents. This book aims to present and share our ideas and proposals with anyone interested in understanding and contributing to the resolution of this challenge.

CONTEXT

Hydric Stress

Hydric stress refers to the condition in which the available water supply is insufficient to meet the required demand in a specific period or when it is limited by its low quality. All this can cause serious changes to ecosystems and biodiversity.

Our architectural workshop is working in the communities of El Nabo and Cumbres del Lago, both located in Juriquilla, Querétaro. Since both are located in a place with serious water stress problems.

Cumbres del Lago

Cumbres del Lago is a residential area located in Juriquilla, Querétaro. This community has undergone rapid growth in recent years, becoming one of the most popular residential areas in the city. In Cumbres del Lago, residents can enjoy various amenities such as green areas, exercise spaces, restaurants, and more. It’s a place where people can find a blend of comfort and convenience, offering a range of services to cater to their needs.

Fig.

Fig. 4

Fig.

Fig 2.

El Nabo

El Nabo is a community located a few meters from Cumbres del Lago, which was formerly a larger area. In fact, Cumbres del Lago was built on what was formerly El Nabo. Despite this, El Nabo has managed to maintain part of its vegetation and has avoided falling victim to the rapid urban growth experienced by the city of Querétaro.

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Fig. 8

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Fig. 6

Vision

Co-Design through strategies that promote climate justice, by adapting the environmet of the most vulnerable to face climate change. Promoting the equitable co-existence between El Nabo and Cumbres del Lago, giving way to resilient and water-sensitive communities.

Fig.

EXPLORATION 02

EXPLORATION PROBLEMATIC

Urban sprawl vs. Services and Equipment

During the research stage, we were able to find a topic of constant interest for both the inhabitants of Cumbres del Lago and El Nabo. Through interviews, we found dissatisfaction among the people of El Nabo because in case of medical needs, they had to travel long distances. Likewise, when mapping the area, we found a lack of public space and sports facilities.

Roundabout

Sports equipment

Health equipment

Fig.

Fig.

Public spaces in El Nabo

This historical mapping made it possible to accurately identify the changes in the distribution of the population and sports equipment in the community of El Nabo and Cumbres del Lago. In addition, it was possible to observe how the growth of the urban sprawl has affected the availability and accessibility of public space for the inhabitants of the area. In addition to not having detected health services close to the communities.

The elaboration of these maps was essential to understand the evolution of urban growth in comparison with sports equipment, public space, and health in both communities, to propose a project that covers these deficiencies of the communities.

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Fig. 13 21

EXPLORATION

Main Focus

Architectural Program

Analogous Examples

This medical center, located in Escárcega, México, has several architectural virtues. In particular, we highlight its ability to integrate outdoor spaces through the creation of courtyards and the implementation of a central walkway, strategically designed to facilitate smooth pedestrian flow.

Cetro de salud N1 by Kiltro Polaris

Fig. 19

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Fig.

Fig. 21

This project, located in México City, reinforces the premise that the integration of community gardens is vital for future generations. The creation of educational spaces in contact with nature promotes active community engagement. Elements such as orchards can provide a significant opportunity to enhance quality of life in terms of health.

Jardín comunitario by Vertebral

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Fig. 25

Projects of this nature generate a significantly positive impact on the urban environment. It is important to emphasize that the inclusion of public spaces entails urban transformations that foster community engagement, promote sports activities, stimulate education, among other relevant aspects. Moreover, the provision of flexible spaces enables their utilization in various ways, while instilling a sense of security in the project, as they remain consistently occupied.

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Fig. 28

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Fig. 29

Program evolution

Posible sites

+ Large area of land between both communities

- Far from El Nabo’s Center

- Erosion

- Very steep slope

+ Near El Nabo’s center

+ Located on a main road

+ Cultive Area

- Erosion

- Hedgerow

- Pre-existing construction

The choice of these two sites is due to their proximity to the main roads, near to one of the main entries of El Nabo and it’s direct axis with the roundabout. The other site will serve as an anchor to generate another node of public space or meeting place inside El Nabo.

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Fig.

Site analysis

Quadrants

1) 70 % More Shadow

2) 100% Accesible

3) 60% More Shadow

4) 80% More Accesible

5) 100% Accessible

6) Highest Point

Site 1 Site 2

AX S

“Axis” is a sustainable Health and Agro-education Complex that takes into account minimizing the impact of water stress in Querétaro. In this project, you will find an educational garden where you will learn to grow your own food at home, sports workshops to keep you active and healthy, and a Family Medical Unit to take care of your health. In addition, you will be able to enjoy multipurpose courts for your physical development. Discover how caring for the environment and your well-being go hand in hand at Axis.

Emplacement

A main axis was identified due to the visuals of the site. The circulation was iterated until reaching the final location of the program, respecting this axis and facilitating the route of the users.

Site 1

First Aid Module

Sports Workshop Court

Direct public space

Agro-educational workshops

Multifuntional plaza

Sports Workshop

Landscape

Biznaga

Maguey

Cardon Cactus

Bilberry Cactus

Palo Xixote

Palo Verde

Mezquite

Tabardillo

Carrot Scouring Horsetail

Bilberry Cactus

Golden Arum Lily

Palo Verde

Cardon Cactus

Maguey

Biznaga

Tomato

Stipa Grass

Pepper

Dedo de Moro

Breckland thyme

Mezquite

Escobita Grass

Bean

Palo Xixote Apple Tree

Planta conjunto

Agro-educational Workshop

Compression layer

Reticulated slab

Buttresses

Continuous footings

1) Waterproofing of 1 cm top total of 10 years comex brand.

2) Compression layer of 5 cms with concrete of f’c 250 kg/cm2.

3) Reinforced concrete ribbing f’c 250 kg/cm2 of 35 x 20 cm, with 6 no. 6 rods with no. 4 stirrups @ 20 cms.

4) Aluminum Top Rail “JJ” for 3 cm sliding door.

5) Corten steel partition walls.

6) 3 cm flagstone finish with 1 cm of mortar for bonding.

7) Mortar with 1/4 ratio with 1 cm joints.

8) Red annealed partition wall of 6x12x24 cms.

9) Reinforced concrete pavement with 6,6 10,10 20-cm electrowelded mesh.

10) Reinforced 40 x 20 cm bearing chain with 6 No. 6 rods, with concrete of f’c 250 kg/cm2.

11) Grill assembled with rods made of no. 4 @ 15 cms

12) Poor concrete insole of f’c 100 kg/cm2

13) Tepetate backfill 20 cm deep, compacted to 95% by mechanical means.

14) Natural soil of the site

Rainwater collection.

Rainwater collection.

First Aid Module

Irrigation

Rainwater collection. Treatment

Storage

Biofilter In times of drought.

City water supply

Sports Workshop

Filter Terraces

AGUA

Storage

Rainwater collection

Biofilter

Filter Terraces

Second use

LIVING

Multifuntional spaces

Upper esplanade

At the upper area of the complex, there is a spacious esplanade with the capacity to accommodate a significant number of individuals for larger-scale events than usual. Through diagrams, everyday life situations are depicted, ranging from a market on specific days of the week to the implementation of a community-targeted vaccination campaign.

First Aid Module

235 Studio thought it would be a great idea to set up a health clinic in El Nabo, believing it could bring a more comfortable life to the residents of both communities. We decided to create a Family Medical Unit with a few consultation rooms, but we made sure it would be a flexible space. How? By rotating different specialists throughout the day. Using this strategy, people in El Nabo and Cumbres del Lago can have both a general doctor and a psychologist available to lend a helping hand whenever needed. Day shift

Night shift

Lower Esplanade

In the lower section of the complex, there’s a spacious open area that boasts two sports courts.

Most of the time, sporting activities such as soccer practices can be carried out. However, given the nature of an esplanade, it also opens up possibilities for other happenings, as shown in the diagrams. It could be anything from big sports events to fun fairs or special celebrations like Children’s Day.

Children’s day

HYDRIC STRESS

The purpose of the project is to provide new physical, mental and social health facilities to the populations of El Nabo and Cumbres del Lago. In addition, it is intended to reduce the impact of water stress by using certain strategies that allow the project to be partly sustainable.

We believe that education is a valuable enough tool to make a change. That is why in besides having natural strategies, with the help of educational workshops, we intend to generate little by little a more environmentally conscious population.

Vegetal palette according to site hydrology

Ferocactus viridescens

Biznaga

Consumption: Low

Myrtillocactusgeometrizans

Bilberry Cactus

Consumption: Low

Stipatenacissima

Stipa Grass

Consumption: Low

Opuntiastreptacantha

Cardon Cactus

Consumption: Low

Parkinsonia

Palo Verde

Consumption: Low

Prosopisjuliflora

Mezquite

Consumption: Low

Calliandra californica

Tabardillo

Consumption: Moderate

MelinisRepens

Escobita Grass

Consumption: Moderate

Agaveamericana

Maguey

Consumption: Low

Phaseolusvulgaris Bean

Consumption: Moderate

Daucus carota

Carrot

Consumption: Moderate

Burseragaleottiana

Palo Xixote

Consumption: Low

Burserafagaroides

Torchwood copal

Consumption: Low

Burseraceae

Bursera palmeri

Consumption: Moderate

Cylindropuntiaimbricata

Devil’s rope cactus

Consumption: Moderate

Carpobrotusedulis

Ice Plant

Consumption: Moderate

Equisetumhyemale

Scouring Horsetail

Consumption: High

Erythrinacoralloides

Naked Coral Tree

Consumption: Moderate

EysenhardtiaPolystachya

Kidneywood tree

Consumption: High

Malus domestica

Apple Tree

Consumption: Moderate

Capsicumannuum

Pepper

Consumption: Moderate

Solanumlycopersicum Tomato

Consumption: Moderate

Zantedeschiaaethiopica

Golden Arum Lily

Consumption: High

Thymusserpyllum

Breckland Thyme

Consumption: Moderate

The architect’s life: building dreams, while not sleeping at all.

PS: This is not backfill.

Educational plan for workshops on: How to lead a greener life?

Expected Green Farming in houses

Orchards in rooftops

Orchards in windows

“In the flow of water and architectural design, the answers are found to create resilient and harmonious landscapes.”

- Anonymous

AX S

References

Fig. 1: “Distopia” collage by Cielo Lopez.

Fig. 3: “Cumbres del Lago” photo by Santiago Noguera.

Fig. 5: “Cumbres del Lago” photo by Santiago Noguera.

Fig. 2: “Cumbres” photo by Santiago Noguera.

Fig. 4: “Cumbres del Lago” photo by Santiago Noguera.

Fig. 6: “El Nabo” photo by Santiago Noguera.

Fig. 7: “El Nabo” photo by Santiago Noguera.

Fig. 8: “El Nabo” photo by Santiago Noguera.

Fig. 9: “El Nabo” photo by Santiago Noguera.

Fig. 12: Urban Sprwal vs. Health Equipment map by Ramon Aguilera.

Fig. 15: “El Nabo” photo by Santiago Noguera.

Fig. 10: “Vision” Collage by Cielo Lopez.

Fig. 13: Public spaces in El Nabo by Arturo Buttenklepper.

Fig. 16: “El Nabo” photo by Arturo Buttenklepper.

Fig. 11: Urban Sprwal vs. Health Equipment map by Ramon Aguilera.

Fig. 14: “El Nabo” photo by Santiago Noguera.

Fig. 17: Main Focus diagram by Arturo Buttenklepper.

Fig. 18: Architectural Program diagram by Arturo Buttenklepper.

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Fig. 20: Luco, A. (2022, December 16). Centro de Salud N1 / Kiltro polaris arquitectura + JC Arquitectura. ArchDaily México. https://www. archdaily.mx/mx/993850/centro-de-salud-n1-kiltro-polaris-arquitectura-plus-jc-arquitectura

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Fig. 32: “El Nabo” photo by Ramon Aguilera.

Fig. 34: “El Nabo” photo by Ramon Aguilera.

Fig.

Fig. 31: “El Nabo” photo by Ramon Aguilera.

Fig. 35: “El Nabo” photo by Ramon Aguilera.

Fig. 36: “El Nabo” photo by Ramon Aguilera.

Fig. 37: “El Nabo” photo by Ramon Aguilera.

Fig. 38: “El Nabo” photo by Ramon Aguilera.

Fig. 39: “El Nabo” photo by Ramon Aguilera.

Fig. 40: “El Nabo” photo by Ramon Aguilera.

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Fig. 42: Sanchez, M. (2019, September 26). Todo sobre el myrtillocactus geometrizans. Ciber Cactus. https://cibercactus.com/myrtillocactus-geometrizans/

Fig. 43: Angiosperms (flowering plants). Earth.com. (2021, July 22). https://www.earth.com/plant-encyclopedia/angiosperms/poaceae/ stipa-ambigua/es/

Fig. 44: Wikimedia Foundation. (2023, February 27). Opuntia streptacantha. Wikipedia. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opuntia_streptacantha

Fig. 45: Vergara, F. (2021, March 2). ¿Cómo plantar un árbol de palo verde en tu jardín?. Architectural Digest. https://www.admagazine. com/estilo-de-vida/como-sembrar-un-palo-verde-en-casa-20210302-8201-articulos

Fig. 46: Wikimedia Foundation. (2023b, March 28). Mezquite. Wikipedia. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezquite

Fig. 47: Tabardillo (Paleta Vegetal de Hermosillo) · INATURALIST. iNaturalist. (n.d.). https://www.inaturalist.org/guide_taxa/925556

Fig. 48: Melinis repens (Willd.) zizka: Plants of the World Online: Kew Science. Plants of the World Online. (n.d.). https://powo.science.kew. org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2945817-1

Fig. 49: Maguey: ¿qué es y para que sirve esta planta?. La Luna Mezcal. (2022, May 24). https://lalunamezcal.com/blog/maguey-todo-lo-que-debes-saber-sobre-esta-planta-mexicana/

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Fig. 51: Pruebaprueba. (2023, June 6). Principales Enfermedades de la Zanahoria. Tradecorp. https://tradecorp.es/enfermedades-zanahoria-combatirlas/

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Fig. 53: Torote (Bursera fagaroides). NaturaLista Mexico. (n.d.). https://www.naturalista.mx/taxa/159609

Fig. 54: Copal (bursera palmeri). iNaturalist Ecuador. (n.d.). https://ecuador.inaturalist.org/taxa/283244-Bursera-palmeri

Fig. 55: Ruben, por. (n.d.). Cactáceas. Flor de Planta. https://www.flordeplanta.com.ar/tema/cactaceas/

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