Kent State University Universidad Autonoma de Mexico
Abstract
This comprehensive analysis of the Benito Juárez Industrial Park in Querétaro, Mexico, delves into the multifaceted challenges and dynamics shaping the region. The study begins by exploring the critical role of soil health, the ecological and economic importance of Mexico’s biodiversity, and the regional strengths in industry and commerce. The interplay between industrial activities and environmental degradation is highlighted, particularly the impact on soil and water quality, as well as the sustainability challenges posed by non-endemic vegetation.
The document further examines the socio-economic landscape within the park, comparing the influence of global industry leaders like Michelin with regional entities such as Bepensa. This comparison reveals significant economic diversity but also raises concerns about the competitive pressures on smaller companies and the implications for long-term sustainability and growth.
Projects For The Future City
The effects of climte change are globally evident, however the impacts are not distributed equally. Globally and within countries, climate change has dispropportionate effects on unprivileged and marginalized groups.
Climate justice focuses on how climate change impacts differently, unevenly and disproportionately. In the context of the global south, this condition is more extreme and is already threatening communities and defining their future.
Therefore, as an effort to address climate injustice, with an emphasis on the Mexican and Queretaro City context, this four-part project explores the sociocultural and ecopolitical dimensions of the climate crisis.
Through four different topics; hydric stress, energy transitions, urban heat
HYDRIC STRESS
El Nabo , Querétaro, Mx
Project image: ‘Sitopía’ by Camilo Antón, Javier Macías, Alfredo Ramírez
ENERGY TRANSITION
Vallejo Industrial Complex, CDMX, Mx. Project image: ‘Punto’ by Alesia Armas, Valería Márquez, Diego Ramírez
and soil regeneration, the students investigate the mosaic resulted of the climate injustices on our territory. We aim to explore the possible and desired futures that these communities face to create a better, more just city.
Hydric stress, energy transitions and urban heat have been explored by three previous classes. This is the fourth installment of the class, and the focus topic is soil regeneration.
However, projects must also tackle all three of the previous problems to ensure the problem is addressed using holistic approaches and presents a multifaceted solution.
URBAN HEAT ISLAND
Distrito TEC , Querétaro, Mx
Project image: ‘City of Care’ by Ana
SOIL
Benito Juarez Industrial Park, Qro., Mx.
Gabriela Suárez, Denisse Huerta
FOUNDATIONS OF SOIL
Soil as a mediator
“The nation that destroys its soil
Franklin D. Roosevelt
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
To fully grasp the significance of caring for natural resources and appreciating the wealth and value that soil offers, it is essential to first establish a solid theoretical framework. This foundation will serve as the basis for the approximations, conclusions, and observations regarding soil’s role and importance. To achieve this, four readings from three distinct literary sources were analyzed, providing a comprehensive perspective that captures the multifaceted intrinsic and extrinsic values associated with soil.
From these four elements of the theoretical framework, visual responses and reflective insights were generated, effectively synthesizing the key perspectives of each reading and offering a clearer understanding of the broader implications.
Green Communities and Redifining of Community Wealth
Green communities and the redi nding of community wealth
Pedestrian-centered cities, Prioritizing people Nature deficit order, Hostile and dangerous environments for children
Healthy, functioning ecosystems and all the natural services provided by them.
Nurturing environments for children
Why don’t we consider nature and our connection to nature as a measure of well-being and security?
By redefining community assets to plan sustainable processes in our cities, green communities bring us truly valuable elements through nature that make resilient and stronger ties between individuals in society. Conscious architecture is crucial to designing more suitable and biophilic public spaces for social interaction. Although there are projects with this vision that have been boosted in recent years, there are not enough yet. Specifically in developing countries, where resources are not aimed at reducing our ecological footprint and projects are focused only on economic recovery. Additionally it is important to emphasize that there are undocumented interventions that even if they are not purely architectural, they have an important impact on social dynamics, and we can learn about how people improve their environment with limited resources.
Huerto Zona Viva, Qro.
Proyecto Fresnillo, Zacatecas.
Botanical Garden Culiacán - Sinaloa
Parque Realengo, Brasil.
Malecón, Puerto Vallarta
Soil: Use and Usufruct
By Francisco Diaz
NICHOLAS BLOMLEY
2016 "PROPERTY BRINGS CERTAINTY; CERTAINTY BRINGS
BRENNA BHANDAR
2018 "IF SOMEONE WITHOUT LAND OCCUPIES A VACANT PROPERTY AS A PLACE TO
Tania Li
El carbono de las hojas de los árboles se absorbe hasta la raíz y llega a los suelos
El suelo respira, transpira y se comunica
Un sistema llamado micorrizas conecta a las raíces de los árboles subterráneamente, y crea un ciclo de nutrientes
Permiten el intercambio de nutrientes entre las raíces vegetales.
Los árboles enfermos y necesitados reciben más ayuda de los árboles sanos- una simbiosis
Las moléculas que se mueven entre los arboles pueden ser entendidas como neurotransmisores
Los árboles tienen una condición anfibia, viven simultáneamente en el medio aereo y subterraneo
2020-UNDecadeonEcosystemRestoration: Focusonrestoringdegradedsoils. Soil was revered for its fertility, providing the foundation for early agricultural practices that allowed human civilizations to flourish.
The history of humanity's relationship with soil is a tale of shifting perspectives. Once seen as the fertile cradle of life, soil gradually became a resource to be exploited for agricultural and industrial gain. Over time, this utilitarian view led to widespread degradation, as the intrinsic ecological value of soil was overlooked. Despite a growing recognition of soil's vital role in Earth's delicate balance, meaningful change remains elusive. While awareness has increased, the actions taken are often insu cient, leaving the soil's ecological potential still largely untapped. The challenge of truly integrating soil conservation into sustainable practices continues, highlighting the gap between understanding and action.
Each square meter of soil holds an untold story of potential, a canvas where nature and human ingenuity converge. Beneath the surface lies a hidden wealth, nurturing life, sustaining growth, and anchoring the delicate balance of our ecosystems. It is the quiet foundation upon which civilizations rise and thrive, yet its true value often goes unnoticed. As we walk upon it, we are standing on the very essence of life, a resource so fundamental that our existence would be unimaginable without it. The soil is not just earth; it is the bedrock of possibility, a vital force that we must honor and protect, for its preservation lies the future of our planet.
co₂ co₂
Wheat Production
A single square meter of fertile soil can produce around 0.25 kilograms of wheat annually, enough for one loaf of bread. This small yield underscores the critical balance between land availability and global food security. reminding us of the importance of preserving arable land and using it wisely to ensure sustainable food production
Bovine Grazing
It takes 10,000 square meters to support one cow for a year, translating to 0.01 m² per gram of beef. This highlights the significant land resources required for meat production and its environmental impact.
CO2 Sequestration
A single square meter of soil can sequester
0.1 kg of CO2 annually. Though small, this contribution is vital in the global e ort to combat climate change through e ective land management.
Small Tree Growth
A square meter of soil can support a small tree, which absorbs 10-20 kg of CO2 annually. This small patch plays a significant role in combating climate change by sequestering carbon and providing essential ecological benefits.
Bacteria
A single gram of soil harbors up to 10 billion bacteria, amounting to trillions in a square meter. These microorganisms are essential for nutrient cycling, breaking down organic matter into vital nutrients that sustain plant growth and soil health.
Fungi
Hundreds of meters of fungal hyphae thread through a square meter of soil, forming a vast underground network. Mycorrhizal fungi, in particular, connect plant roots, enhancing nutrient and water absorption while helping to sequester carbon, crucial for plant vitality and climate regulation.
Nematodes
Millions of nematodes populate each square meter of soil, acting as both predators and decomposers. They regulate microbial populations and facilitate nutrient cycling, ensuring that plants have the resources needed to thri
Human Land Demand: Ecological Footprint vs. Biological Capacity
Land value in Mexico varies widely, from hundreds to thousands of pesos per m². This fluctuation reflects the complex interplay of economic and environmental factors.
Solar Energy Generation
A square meter of solar panels can generate 150-200 kWh annually, enough to power small appliances. This underscores the potential of renewable energy as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
As human populations and consumption levels rise, this comparison reveals the growing strain on Earth's ecosystems. When the ecological footprint exceeds biological capacity, it signals an ecological deficit, indicating that humanity is using resources faster than the Earth can replenish them. This imbalance underscores the urgency for sustainable practices, emphasizing the need to reduce our footprint and restore the health of our natural environments.
MEXICO’S STRATEGIC ASSETS
Biodiversity, Industrial Strength, and Environmental Management
INTRODUCTION
To address this world situation, we chose Mexico as a perfect study, recognized by the UN as the 5th most biodiverse country in the world, and holds the title of a megadiverse region. This rich biodiversity has fueled a robust commerce, driven by the varied resources our diverse soils have provided throughout history. The country’s 21 distinct soil types across 18 soil groups contribute significantly to its cultural diversity, traditions, and regional diets. Our soil not only shapes our identity but also supports a strong industry that can impact sustainability and economic growth both positively and negatively.
Since the Mexican Revolution, land ownership shifted from being a communal resource to a symbol of common possession. This change has impacted the collective memory and the connection to the land.
Quarry stone, used in churches and colonial buildings, reflects Mexico’s deep relationship with the earth. While quarry use has decreased, the extraction of sand for concrete continues to shape the landscape.
The organisms living in the soil can significantly impact human health. According to research from the University of Santa Barbara, certain communities develop resistance to specific pathogens due to the microorganisms present in the soil, highlighting the deep connection between soil ecosystems and human well-being.
In today’s society, optimal land availability depends on key resources such as access to water and soil fertility, factors often overlooked when selecting a site
The color of the soil often influenced the pigments used in textiles, as di erent minerals provided unique hues, shaping the diverse artistic expressions of Mexican cultures.
Talavera, crafted from clay and water, showcases how Mexican culture thrives in close connection to the land. This emblem of craftsmanship has deep roots in Mexican heritage.
Popocatépetl, a Volcano in Puebla, is known in popular lore as a The sleeping woman, symbolizing how indigenous cosmovision connects the land and storytelling.
Queretaro as an example comes from the worlds /Boulder- Ball game/ we do live in a place that’s named by a feature of the soil.
In the Valley of Mexico, traditional farming techniques have long preserved the soil, o ering natural solutions to erosion, unlike modern industrial methods
Key elements of Mexican cuisine are rooted in Mesoamerican crops like corn, beans, zucchini, chili peppers, and tomatoes, selected and perfected over generations. 8 9
Mexico’s Biodiversity
Mexico is the 5th most diverse country in the world. We owe this incredible variety largely to diverse soils that can be found throughout the nation. Curiously enough, the federal highways avoid the deserts in the north, but the railway does go through it.
Mexico’s Soil
Mexico has a diversity of soils. According to the INEGI and SEMARNAT, Leptosols, Regosols, and Calcisols cover approximately 60.7% of the country’s surface, these are shallow soils with little development. Which makes agricultural use challenging. On the other hand, the fertile and most exploited soils (Phaeozems and Vertisols) occupy 18% of the country’s surface.
Water availability
Mexico is no stranger to the challenges of drought and water unavailability that climate change brings, a big part of the territory is already facing water shortages. The northern and central parts of Mexico, where much of the population and economic activity are concentrated, are particularly vulnerable due to their natural aridity and the depletion of aquifers.
Water Basins And Erosion
CUENCAS HÍDRICAS Y EROSIÓN
¿Cómo el crecimiento poblacional a erosionado el suelo?
As populations grow, the demand for land for agriculture, urbanization, and infrastructure increases. This leads to deforestation and the clearing of vegetated areas. Plants and trees play a crucial role in stabilizing the soil. Their roots help keep the soil in place and absorb water, reducing erosion. Without vegetation, the soil becomes more susceptible to being carried away by wind and water.
Soil erosion can increase the sediment load in watersheds. An excess of sediments can affect water quality, the ability of rivers to support aquatic life, and the function of aquatic ecosystems.
A medida que las poblaciones crecen, se incrementa la demanda de terrenos para agricultura, urbanización e infraestructura. Esto lleva a la deforestación y al desmonte de áreas con vegetación. Las plantas y los árboles juegan un papel crucial en la estabilización del suelo. Sus raíces ayudan a mantener el suelo en su lugar y a absorber agua, reduciendo la erosión. Sin vegetación, el suelo se vuelve más susceptible a ser arrastrado por el viento y el agua.
La erosión del suelo, puede aumentar la carga de sedimentos en las cuencas hídricas. Un exceso de sedimentos puede afectar la calidad del agua, la capacidad de los ríos para soportar la vida acuática y la función de los ecosistemas acuáticos.
Arreica Puntos de Erosión
Cuencas Hídrológicas
Mexico’s regions are defined by key industrial clusters which have been defined by the external and internal politics promoted by this industry: the Bajio region leads in automobile and aerospace manufacturing, the Northern region is vital for metallurgy and machinery, the Mid-Center focuses on food production and processing, and the East Center plays a crucial role in oil and gas extraction, housing essential production facilities and infrastructure.
Regional Extraction
Tabasco and Veracruz are pivotal to Mexico’s energy sector. Tabasco is a hub for oil and gas production, particularly in the Bay of Campeche with major offshore fields like Cantarell and KuMaloob-Zaap, and it also contributes substantial freshwater resources. Veracruz plays a key role in natural gas production, supported by the SISTRANGAS system, and is expanding its infrastructure with new pipelines. Both states are progressing in energy transitions: Veracruz is focusing on natural gas as a transitional fuel and exploring alternative energy sources, including waste-to-energy solutions.
Commercial Routes
Mexico’s main transportation network, composed of federal highways and railways, follows the historic “Camino de Plata,” a route in use since before the nation’s formation. Querétaro holds strategic industrial and economic significance due to its central location at the crossroads of north-south and coastto-coast routes. This central position makes Querétaro one of the most vital states in Mexico. Other states like Coahuila, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato, and Puebla have also thrived in various industries, benefiting from both their soil and strategic locations, similar to Querétaro.
National Alkaline Section And Edaphology
Querétaro
In Mexico, environmental organizations and stakeholders can be grouped into four primary themes, revealing the country’s environmental priorities. Land and territory, among Mexico’s most valuable resources, attract the most dedicated attention. This area not only has the highest concentration of focused organizations but is also the most heavily regulated. Conversely, issues related to resources and energy receive significantly less attention from both regulatory frameworks and oversight agents. This imbalance underscores the dominant role that land and territory play in shaping Mexico’s environmental agenda.
Mexico’s Economic Complications
Mexico is a driving force, sustained by the demand for industrial workers and resources from northern countries. The country benefits significantly when tensions and diplomatic problems arise with nations like China but can also be jeopardized by internal disputes and political parties.
CURRENT LANDSCAPE; INDUSTRIAL DYNAMICS
Biodiversity, Industrial Strength, and Environmental Management in Queretaro
Landscape And Land Use
In a parallel way as in which Mexico’s natural resources shaped the national structure, Queretaro contains rich natural resources that shape it, the metropolitan area of Querétaro is situated on a system of plains surrounded by a group of basaltic (volcanic rock) hills to the west and rugged topography on its eastern side. These landscapes provide an apt environment for the development of irrigated agriculture practices to the southeast of the city and seasonal agriculture to the north and east of the region.
Layer compacted by human
Fluvio-lacustrine deposits
Volcaniclastic sediments and tuffs
Solstice
Summer Solstice
Andesite and Basalt. Late Miocene
Soil
Due to the topography of Queretaro’s metropolitan area, runoff water deposits amount of alluvial soil on a relatively young alluvial sedimentation plain. Alluvial soil is characterized by being carried and deposited by water on surfaces near rivers or floodplains when the water slows down. This soil is known as one of the most favorable soils for agriculture since it is often rich in organic matter, rift sand, loamy soil, and silt clay. Due to the worsening droughts that the state and even the country currently faces, aquifer recharge has become an important topic in recent years. The areas with the greatest potential for aquifer recharge (source) in the territory are mainly located in the north, south, and east of the city, as they are located over basaltic soil, and so created by the greater porosity or fissures that these soils present and these natural factors, although invisible sometimes, were a key factor in the industrial development of Queretaro.
TIMELINE
The prehispanic civilizations worshiped the soil, it has always been an important part of Mexican culture. Besides that, agriculture was a collective activity, knowledge was shared and passed down. This strengthened social ties and fostered cooperation and solidarity. Cultures like the Mexicas worshiped Tlaltecuhtli, “la señora de la Tierra”, she represented the birth of plants and humanity and kept in place the order of the world. The prominent Indigenous culture of Queretaro are the Otomis, their ceremonial cycles are closely linked to agricultural activities. While our ancestors lived in harmony with the land, the onset of the Industrial Revolution has distanced us from it, leaving us estranged from the very soil that once sustained both life and community.
Queretaro has been a city driven by economic ambition since the beginning. The rise of industrialization, the railway, and Cosio's investment in infrastructure opened up new opportunities. The city's strategic location, natural resources, and workforce made it an ideal hub for industrial development
The arrival of major companies in the 1940s to 1960s, such as Coca-Cola, Kellogg's, and Tremec, further shaped the city's future. The establishment of the Benito Juárez Industrial Park, the first major industrial zone in the region, attracted both national and international businesses, solidifying its status.
The exponential expansion has been fueled by industrial and social developments over the past 30 years However, inadequate urban planning to accommodate the growing demand for residential spaces has resulted in industrial zones being surrounded by housing developments. The trend of industrial zones in the city center and new housing developments on the outskirts suggests future city growth. Particularly around El Marques and Bernardo Quintana Industrial Parks, which may follow past patterns unless carefully managed. The current situation in the Benito Juárez Industrial Park is a mirror of Querétaro's broader development trajectory.
The independence causes politic inestability. Textile industry crashes because of the migration of the spaniards, inauguration of European
QUINTANA INDUSTRIAL ZONE”
In the present day, Querétaro is among the most industrialized states in Mexico, with its industry contributing 36% to the state’s GDP and generating over 400,000 jobs. The state hosts a diverse range of industries, including automotive and aerospace. In 2023, a significant portion of Querétaro’s international exports comprised automotive parts and accessories, refrigeration equipment, and turbojets, accounting for 34.4% of exports. The primary destination for these goods is the United States due to the national politics and international position of Mexico.
Although international investment has benefited the state, it has also led to a trade deficit, with imports surpassing exports. This trend indicates a significant dependence on foreign goods and services, potentially due to limited diversification in local production or reliance on imported inputs for sustaining industries. This imbalance highlights the challenges Querétaro faces in managing its trade. It suggests a need for policies that enhance export capabilities and reduce dependency on imports, aiming for a more balanced foreign trade.
A critical measure of competitiveness is a company’s capacity to produce for local, national, and international markets. The map of Querétaro’s urban area reveals the highest concentrations of production-oriented companies, aligning with the locations of industrial parks. The strategic placement of these industrial parks is vital for boosting the region’s competitive advantage, serving as key centers that support both domestic and international production.
IMPACT AND CHALLENGES OF THE
BENITO JUAREZ INDUSTRIAL PARK
Evaluating the environmental, social, and economic effects on the park.
Land Use
The study area, characterized by its mix of heavy industry, neighborhood industries, commerce, services, and green spaces, is encircled by densely populated residential zones. This configuration presents a dual-edged impact on the community and industry.
Positive Aspects:
Economic Benefits: The concentration of industrial activity can bolster the local economy by generating employment opportunities and fostering economic development. Proximity to workplaces can enhance convenience and financial stability for residents.
Challenges:
Quality of Life: The close proximity of industrial zones to residential areas can degrade the quality of life. Issues such as pollution, noise, and inadequate pedestrian infrastructure can adversely affect residents’ health and overall wellbeing.
Urban Tensions:
The coexistence of industrial and residential areas may lead to conflicts over land use, potentially resulting in negative social and environmental outcomes. The lack of designated pedestrian spaces further exacerbates these issues, highlighting a need for better integration of industrial and residential planning.
Addressing these challenges requires a balanced approach that considers both the economic benefits of industrial development and the necessity of maintaining a high quality of life for residents.
Urban Mobility And Connectivity
Roadways
The industrial zone in Querétaro is serviced by several key roadways that facilitate access and mobility. Notably, Avenida 5 de Febrero connects directly to the industrial zone, serving as one of Querétaro’s primary arteries. Additionally, the Querétaro-San Luis Potosí Highway is vital for transporting goods to and from the area.
Bike Lanes and Pedestrian Walkways
While bike lanes and pedestrian walkways in Querétaro have seen improvements, the Benito Juárez industrial zone still lacks efficient infrastructure. Existing bike lanes are poorly interconnected, limiting their use. Pedestrian walkways are sparse and often unsafe or inadequately designed, discouraging non-motorized transportation.
The current state of the infrastructure in the Benito Juárez industrial zone not only affects the daily operation of the industries and the quality of life of the workers, but also has a direct impact on the soil. The deterioration of roads and railways, the poor condition of public transportation routes, and the absence of safe bicycle lanes and sidewalks are a reflection of an infrastructure that requires urgent attention. These deficiencies, in addition to affecting the mobility and safety of users, contribute to soil deterioration, since poor waste management, erosion and excessive soil compaction are problems that are aggravated by poor infrastructure.
Bus Connectivity
Bus stops and waiting areas in the industrial zone, although present, lack the developed infrastructure found in more urbanized areas. On many main avenues, which are large and have high-speed traffic, the absence of safe pedestrian crossings further complicates workers’ mobility. Often, they must cross these busy roads in hazardous conditions just to reach their transportation.
Moreover, public transportation routes in this zone are primarily designed to connect factories and offices with residential areas like San Pedrito Peñuelas and Satélite. However, these corridors face significant challenges, including traffic congestion during peak hours, a lack of direct routes from certain parts of the city, and a scarcity of transportation options outside typical working hours.
In this context, the infrastructure for public transportation users is insufficient. In various parts of the industrial zone, it’s common to see workers waiting for transportation in improvised locations, without adequate urban furniture or protection from the weather. This situation not only exposes workers to uncomfortable and unsafe conditions but also highlights an urgent need to improve urban infrastructure in these areas to ensure safer and more dignified access to public transportation services. The combination of these factors perpetuates dependence on cars and limits quality of life, underscoring the importance of urban planning that considers both pedestrian safety and accessibility in industrial zones.
Site Risks
In the Benito Juárez Industrial Park, several risks have been identified that impact both the environment and infrastructure.
Flood Risk Areas
Flooding poses a significant risk to the park, particularly in the eastern and southern regions. These areas are prone to flooding due to the overflow of flood control channels and drain systems that have become overloaded. These systems, which also service irrigated agricultural fields in the southeast, risk carrying industrial pollutants through the canals. This can result in contamination of local crops, affecting agricultural productivity and food safety.
Ground Subsidence
The industrial zone also faces the risk of ground subsidence, with four levels of subsidence detected. This condition poses a potential threat of sinkholes forming if not addressed promptly. The presence of subsidence highlights the need for rigorous monitoring and mitigation strategies to prevent infrastructure damage and ensure safety.
Water Treatment Plants
Two water treatment plants are located within the industrial park: one associated with FANDELI, a sandpaper manufacturer, and another with Indora Ventures, which processes PET and resins. The latter is strategically situated near the drainage system on Avenida Tempano, which is critical for rainwater collection from the sub-basin.
Integration with Water Cycle
The proximity of the Indora Ventures plant to the drainage system underscores the importance of integrating industrial waste management with natural water cycles. Proper treatment of runoff from this facility before it enters the broader water system is crucial for protecting water quality. This setup emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring and environmental management to mitigate risks and ensure that industrial activities do not adversely affect local water bodies and ecosystems.
Urban Heat Islands
The Benito Juárez Industrial Park presents a noticeable variation in temperatures due to its mixed land use. The southern and eastern areas of the park, which feature unaltered soil and vegetation, experience lower temperatures compared to areas with impermeable surfaces and minimal greenery. In contrast, the western side, characterized by dense business and building activity along with extensive impermeable surfaces, suffers from significantly higher temperatures. This region’s average maximum temperature is around 29°C, compared to Querétaro’s citywide average of 26°C and Mexico City’s average of 24.6°C.
The presence of urban heat islands is evident in the industrial park, with hotter temperatures in densely built and less vegetated areas. This phenomenon exacerbates the heat stress on residents, workers, and the environment. The park’s temperature discrepancy highlights the broader issue of heat islands in industrial and commercial zones across Querétaro. The elevated temperatures can increase energy consumption for cooling, degrade air quality, and affect public health.
Addressing these issues is crucial to mitigating the effects of urban heat islands and improving environmental and living conditions within the industrial park and surrounding areas.
Mexico
Querétaro Benito Juarez
Temperature in Benito Juarez and surrounding areas
The site’s materiality is dominated by harsh textures and materials, reflecting its industrial nature. Fences and grids are set up along the industries, delimiting the territories. Graffiti and signs of attempts at appropriation are found along the fences. The pavements are in poor condition due to heavy transportation, which, combined with high traffic, results in damage to the streets. Overall, the site’s visuals are hostile and abrasive
The next pages presents a sectional panoramic view.
Key map to panoramic view
Fandeli
Eriez
Cardanes
Bimbo
Permeability
In the Benito Juárez Industrial Park, the western perimeter stands out as the most significant flood zone due to its high proportion of impermeable surfaces, such as built and artificial ground covers. This lack of permeability leads to the formation of surface runoff, which carries contaminants and industrial waste into nearby streams. Consequently, these pollutants eventually reach the surrounding farmland, potentially impacting agricultural productivity and environmental quality.
Urban Runoff And Effects On Rainwater Management
The distribution of permeable versus impermeable areas within the Benito Juárez industrial zone reveals a strong emphasis on operational infrastructure. Nonpermeable surfaces, including parking lots and maneuvering yards, constitute 44% of the total site area, with maneuvering yards alone making up 78% of this category. These spaces are crucial for logistical operations, supporting the efficiency and competitiveness of local industries. This focus on logistical infrastructure underscores the priority given to economic activity in the planning of the industrial polygon. However, this concentration on non-permeable areas also highlights a significant shortfall in the development of green spaces and public areas, which could negatively impact the quality of life for nearby workers and residents. Although green areas make up 28% of the total area, only 1% of this is designated for public use. This lack of accessible community spaces limits opportunities for social interaction and recreation, which are crucial for urban well-being. In summary, the prevalence of maneuvering yards in the Benito Juárez industrial zone addresses essential operational and economic needs. However, this focus highlights the need to balance industrial development with the creation of a more inclusive and sustainable urban environment that not only meets economic demands but also enhances the quality of life for all residents in the area.
Scent Map
A sensory exploration of the Benito Juárez Industrial Park reveals distinct aroma concentrations that reflect the site’s environmental and industrial conditions. The highest concentration of odors is found on the western side of the polygon, particularly where the water channel and drain intersect with the residential area. This area experiences a blend of aromas from various sources, including street food vendors and industrial activities such as soap and metal production.
The air currents, which predominantly flow from east to west, carry these diverse scents across the city, particularly affecting the residential and commercial areas. This blending of industrial and residential smells creates a generally unpleasant experience for pedestrians and residents. The intersection of these different environments highlights the challenges of managing odor pollution and maintaining a pleasant urban atmosphere in the industrial zone.
Urban Lightning
Urban lighting in Querétaro, as it is currently implemented, reveals a clear priority towards vehicular traffic, with a predominant focus on the visibility of automobiles and the roads they travel on. This bias towards motorized traffic is evident in the distribution of streetlights, which tend to be concentrated on avenues, main streets, and areas designed for the constant flow of vehicles. In contrast, pedestrian areas, including sidewalks, parks, and public spaces, receive significantly less attention in terms of lighting.
The scarcity of lighting specifically directed at pedestrians not only reflects insufficient infrastructure but also indicates a lack of consideration for the needs and safety of those who travel on foot. Poorly lit pedestrian areas not only become less accessible at night but may also be perceived as unsafe, discouraging their use and limiting the urban experience for citizens.
This imbalance in lighting infrastructure is symptomatic of an urban development model that prioritizes vehicular flow over the livability and safety of pedestrians.
Energy And Transport
The Benito Juárez Industrial Park is a highly equipped area in terms of infrastructure; however, it is not in the best condition. The public space serving the users of the area includes a high-voltage power line coming from the east side of the park, which reaches the park’s substation and is then distributed through a medium-voltage network. Additionally, voice and data lines run overhead along the medium-voltage poles, where municipal trash bins are attached at the lower part of the poles. Within the industrial park, there is a PEMEX (Petróleos Mexicanos) distribution and refueling center that supplies fuel through pipelines running underground across the park. The park is also equipped with water supply, drainage, and culverts that run along the periphery of the industrial park’s footprint. The infrastructure, especially the visible elements, poses both environmental hazards and health risks to the park’s users. Contaminated water and sewage run through the culverts, visual pollution, and potholes in the roadways further degrade the area.
Infrastructural Challenges
Traffic congestion in Querétaro, particularly in industrial areas and major avenues like Avenida 5 de Febrero, is a growing concern. The current reliance on private vehicles worsens the problem, as public transportation options have not expanded in line with population growth. This has led to overcrowded routes and increased travel times. The inadequate growth of the public transportation system, combined with rapid urban expansion, puts additional pressure on existing roadways, affecting mobility and quality of life.
Mobility and Public Transportation
Why invest: Traffic congestion is one of the main issues in Querétaro, especially in industrial areas and major arteries like Avenida 5 de Febrero. Expanding and improving public transportation is essential to reduce dependence on private vehicles, decrease traffic, and enhance residents’ mobility.
What to Do: investment should be made in creating an efficient mass transit system, such as a BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) or light rail, as well as in expanding and modernizing bus routes. Additionally, building infrastructure for non-motorized transportation, such as connected and safe bike lanes, can relieve pressure on the road system.
Road infrastructure
Why invest: With the increasing number of vehicles, the current roadways are becoming more congested, especially during peak hours. Additionally, connections between urban and peri-urban areas need improvement to reduce travel times and facilitate the transport of goods.
What to Do: investment is needed in expanding and modernizing main roads and avenues, building new interchanges and overpasses in critical areas, and maintaining existing infrastructure. lt is also important to develop alternative routes to alleviate congestion on main roads.
Water and Energy Systems
Why invest: With population and industrial growth, the demand for potable water and energy has increased significantly. Sorne areas are already facing supply issues, which couldworsen if distribution infrastructure is not expanded. What to Do: It is necessary to invest in expanding the water distribution network, improving water resource efficiency, and implementing water capture and treatment projects. Regarding energy, the electrical grid needs to be strengthened, and renewable energy sources should be promoted to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and ensure a sustainable supply.
Housing and Sustainable Urban Development
Why invest: Rapid demographic growth has often led to disorganized urban development, with expansion into peripheral areas lacking adequate infrastructure. This creates problems with access to basic services, mobility, and quality of life.
What To Do: investment should be made in housing projects that promote urban densification and the development of communities with access to public transportation, services, and green spaces. Additionally, it is crucial to implement land-use policies that prevent uncontrolled growth and promote balanced urban development.
Business Distribution By Type
In Benito Juarez’s Industrial Park, the presence of diverse industries such as automotive, efficient and interconnected environment. Automotive and metalworking industries collaborate closely, with the former relying on components from the latter. Chemical industries supply essential raw materials to pharmaceuticals, while machinery manufacturing often includes electronic components. The use of plastics in aerospace highlights how specialized sectors drive innovation. Logistics and services are crucial for efficient product distribution, and real estate and education support industrial growth by providing infrastructure and skilled labor. Waste management ensures environmental impact is controlled. This blend of diversity and concentration fosters innovation, economic resilience, and efficient supply chains, enhancing Querétaro’s status as a competitive industry.
The Benito Juárez Industrial Park has spurred significant economic activity not only through its core industrial operations but also by creating substantial demand for basic services among its 50,000 employees. This has led to the emergence of a parallel economy characterized by:
• Street Vendors: These vendors have established a solid presence around the industrial park, providing quick and affordable meals tailored to the schedules of the park’s workforce. Although informal, their role is crucial in meeting the everyday needs of employees and contributing to local livelihoods.
• Small Retail Businesses: Both inside and around the park, these businesses offer complementary services and products, supporting the needs generated by the park’s high foot traffic. They include providers of microresources like stationery and administrative equipment, as well as suppliers of essential production components such as screws and metal parts.
This parallel economy, although outside the formal framework, plays a crucial role in complementing the services offered within the park, generating income, and contributing to the livelihoods of many families. Adding the presence of small retail businesses inside and surrounding the park forms part of the economic ecosystem of Benito Juárez, offering programs and services that complement the types of businesses and industries located in the park. However, both types of commerce also thrive independently. Street vendors can operate in various locations with high foot traffic, while small retail businesses can serve residential areas or other commercial zones, demonstrating that their business models are versatile and adaptable to different environments.
Metabolic Pathways
As a manufacturer of automotive parts, Brose has a substantial impact due to resource extraction, including minerals and petroleum. The company’s energy consumption and gas emissions are significant, and while some components are recyclable, many ultimately end up in scrapyards. These scrapyards produce toxic waste, which infiltrates the soil, leading to severe degradation over time.
A global leader in tire manufacturing, Michelin relies heavily on petroleum and rubber extraction, both of which have a considerable impact on the soil. The global distribution of Michelin’s products also contributes to a large ecological footprint. Tires, in particular, are a persistent waste product, taking decades to degrade. Despite Michelin’s recycling programs, the overall impact on soil and the environment remains substantial throughout the product’s life cycle.
MICHELIN
As a leader in the food industry, Bimbo’s operations significantly impact the agricultura! sector. lntensive farming practices, reliant on fertilizers and pesticides, degrade soil quality. Moreover, the high consumption ofwater and energy, coupled with waste generation, negatively affects ecosystems, exacerbating soil degradation.
Businesses And The Impact They Have On The Enviroment
Leading Revenue-Generating Companies in the Benito Juárez Industrial Park
In the Benito Juárez Industrial Park, the integration of waste management facilities is essential due to the diverse range of industries present. These facilities play a critical role in safely disposing of hazardous materials from chemical and pharmaceutical processes, thereby preventing environmental contamination and mitigating health risks. Additionally, they promote the recycling of materials such as metals and plastics, contributing to sustainability and resource efficiency. By supporting the circular economy through the recovery and reuse of materials, these facilities not only reduce the reliance on virgin resources but also lower production costs, making them an integral part of a sustainable industrial ecosystem.
Leading Revenue-Generating Companies
The Benito Juárez Industrial Park in Querétaro features a diverse array of companies, including global giants like Michelin, with revenues surpassing $28.3 billion, and influential regional players like Bepensa, generating over $1.4 billion annually. This blend of large and smaller companies contributes to the park’s significant economic output of MXN $53,000 million across 636 hectares. The presence of major corporations raises questions about their impact on smaller businesses and the park’s long-term sustainability. Balancing the needs of both large and small firms will be essential for maintaining the park’s innovation, economic resilience, and growth. Understanding these dynamics is crucial as the industrial landscape evolves.
these di erences will be key to navigating the future of the Benito Juarez Industrial Park.
Runoff And Pollution Sources
In the context of the park’s operations, these waste management facilities serve as a cornerstone for maintaining a clean, safe, and sustainable environment, which is vital for fostering long-term economic growth and environmental resilience. Moreover, given the industrial park’s topography and its proximity to agricultural zones, waste management is crucial in preventing the contamination of water sources and soil. This is particularly important because contaminants could reach crops, thereby posing significant risks to food safety.
A map illustrating the runoff, water channels, and drains, in relation to the region’s topography and agricultural areas, underscores the potential risks. The map also marks the manufacturing companies that are the main sources of pollutants— specifically those involved in the production of automotive parts, plastics, and chemical products. The natural direction of the area’s runoff towards agricultural zones highlights the critical need for effective waste management to prevent contamination that could threaten both the environment and public health.
Diversity Of Types Of Waste Management Industries
Having three distinct waste management sectors—chemical waste, paper and cardboard, and metal scrap and steel—within the same industrial park is crucial for maintaining environmental standards and sustainability. Each type of waste requires specialized handling to prevent contamination, ensure safe disposal, and maximize recycling efforts. By managing these waste streams separately, the industrial park can reduce its environmental footprint, improve resource efficiency, and support a circular economy. This approach not only helps protect the environment but also adds value to the businesses within the park by promoting responsible and sustainable practices.
Commercial Routes
When analyzing a site, it is crucial to thoroughly understand the network of actors that constitute it, as well as the influence these actors exert on the site’s decisions and actions. This network, known as the site interface, plays a pivotal role in shaping the site’s overall dynamics.
By categorizing the stakeholders involved into three key domains: economic, legal, and social we can clearly understand the hierarchy that exists among them driven by the scale and scope of the actors involved and their inherent connections. This understanding reveals the necessity of engaging these various actors and power structures to successfully implement a project.
In the case of the Benito Juarez Industrial Park, the graphical analysis reveals a extense list of legal agents involved within all the actors, while the economic power is primarily defined by its size in hierarchy, extensive connections and significant influence among various actors. In contrast, the social power exhibits weaker connections and occupies a lower position within the hierarchy.
When planning a project at this site, three key considerations must be addressed: first, leveraging the economic power and its actors as vital allies to propel the project forward; second, engaging with the numerous and influential government agents required for successful implementation; and third, ensuring the inclusion of social power to provide it with proper representation within the site’s hierarchy.}
The guidelines serve as a framework of tools designed to regulate the actions of various actors. However, despite the clear stipulations outlined in these Guidelines, their effective implementation is undermined by inadequate enforcement and oversight from the appropriate government authorities.
Authority and Power
Two factors were taken into account to measure the power of these agents t: social proximity and overall authority.
Social proximity refers to the interconnectedness between other individuals, the sense of being close by shared experiences, mutual interest, etc. Authority refers to the ability to make decisions and lead others, based on positions of power and economic resources.
It can be observed that civilians, employees and community committees have a minute amount of authority. By neglecting the zone as they have, the government has allowed companies and private parties to act unchecked, ultimately harming the area and its residents. Of course, it comes as no suprise that the economic branch of power is vastly stronger than the rest despite the laws and norms in place to contain it. Schütt, C. A. (2023). The effect of perceived similarity and social proximity on the formation of prosocial preferences. Journal Of Economic Psychology, 99, 102678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2023.102678 Authority Definition & Meaning Britannica Dictionary. (s. f.). https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/authority#:~:text=1,or%20control%20someone%20or%20something
What would happen in the idealistic world were the community has equal amount of authority as the economic stakeholders?
In an ideal setting, all 3 branches of power would work simultaneously and equally to find solutions benefitial to all. Social, economic and legal power would be equally balanced, relying on a transparent and uninterested legal system to protect the social branch.
Other benefits of this ideal scenario would include the inclusion of diverse social groups in power, the formation of alliances between all 3 branches, and active community participation. This aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 Agenda.
INDUSTRIAL SYNERGIES AND COMMUNITY EFFECTS
Community Impact, Infrastructure Challenges, and Social Vulnerabilities
2606 of these are uninhabited
housing units in the study block
Average built square meter is from 90-160
Prices range between 1.23.5Million MXP
111,421 persons live in the neighborhoods
131 persons live in the study block
219 of these are uninhabited
97 housing units in the study block
Average built square meter is from 400-800 but the total meter of the land where is built can go up to 2200 square meters
Prices range between 8 - 15Million MXP with some that go up to 28M
7,072 persons live in Jurica
245 persons live in the study block
There are one 2 habitants, but the park gives job to 50,000 workers that spend their work day in the area
The average size of industrial warehouses ranges between 2,000 and 4,000 square meters, and their price fluctuates between 35 and 44 million
of children aged 3 to 5 do not attend school
% of the population aged 12 years and older are employed with at least one completed grade of upper secondary education
% Have access to a underground water
Have a car
Use bicycle Jurica is better prepared for a water crisis; most people have a car, but the infrastructure allows them to use bicycles safely
19% of children aged 3 to 5 do not attend school
77.4% of the population aged 12 years and older are employed with at least one completed grade of upper secondary education
% Have access to a water tank
Have a car
22% Use bicycle
Neighborhoods depend on the capacity of their water tank in a crisis. There is a desire to have a car because of the danger associated with using other means of transportation
In Jurica, there is abundant private green space highlighting that access to such areas is a privilege not a orded to everyone.
Accessible jobs in the park o er salaries between 7,000 and 15,000 pesos per month, making both zones largely inaccessible to many.
We can reflect on who holds power over land and how its use a ects people di erently. For some, land is the foundation of their homes, while for others, it is where they earn a living.
Housing and its impact in land of the city
Self-construction does not consider permeable spaces for soil regeneration and care in urban areas.
Housing and its impact in land of the city
The construction and presence of housing in the area significantly impact the regeneration and quality of the soil. Impervious structures, such as pavement, seal large areas of land, preventing water infiltration and altering the natural hydrological cycle. This decreases the soil's ability to regenerate, a ecting its fertility and biodiversity. Moreover, on-site observations reveal that self-built housing frequently neglects established regulations, disregarding the necessity of preserving absorption spaces, and instead paves over land and removes vegetation as residents expand their dwellings. Furthermore, the compaction of the land by heavy machinery during construction and the reduction of green areas and native vegetation limit the ecological processes necessary for soil regeneration. Simply put, continued urbanization in residential areas aggravates these e ects, making land recovery and sustainability even more challenging.
The construction and presence of housing in the area significantly impact the regeneration and quality of the soil. Impervious structures, such as pavement, seal large areas of land, preventing water infiltration and altering the natural hydrological cycle. This decreases the soil's ability to regenerate, a ecting its fertility and biodiversity. Moreover, on-site observations reveal that self-built housing frequently neglects established regulations, disregarding the necessity of preserving absorption spaces, and instead paves over land and removes vegetation as residents expand their dwellings. Furthermore, the compaction of the land by heavy machinery during construction and reduction of green areas and native vegetation limit the ecological processes necessary for soil regeneration. Simply put, continued urbanization in residential areas aggravates these e ects, making land recovery and sustainability even more challenging.
How is a permeable soil formed?
How is a permeable soil formed?
Subsoil. Clay minerals: iron, aluminium, organic
Recent sedimentary plain of alluvium with tephra. Fluvio-lacustrine deposits (Subgrade)
Volcaniclastic sediments and tu s (Bedrock)
Self-construction does not consider permeable spaces for soil regeneration and care in urban areas.
Key housing and commercial characteristics in the surrounding area
The panoramic elevation graphic of housing and commercial areas shows typologies and main characteristics of the surrounding blocks. The streets with the most similar features are indicated in the key map below (brown lines).
Key housing and commercial characteristics in the surrounding area
The panoramic elevation graphic of housing and commercial areas shows typologies and main characteristics of the surrounding blocks. The streets with the most similar features are indicated in the key map below (brown lines).
Mixed-use buildings revitalize the public street in the residential area near the park. Gra ti as an element of the cultural identity of
Mixed-use buildings revitalize the public street in the residential area near the park. Gra ti as an element of the cultural identity of the area.
How is the land in this urban area shaped?
Recent sedimentary plain of alluvium with tephra. Fluvio-lacustrine deposits (Subgrade)
There are some housing complexes, developed in a semi-enclosed area with neglected public spaces and overgrown vegetation.
Volcaniclastic sediments and tu s (Bedrock)
Most of the houses have been developed as self-built in fact, there are also “rods of hope”. Houses in this area are constructed using a rigid frame system.
How is the land in this urban area shaped?
The housing area has some trees along the streets that provide shade to pedestrians, but there is no vegetation inside the houses because most part of the properties are covered by built structures.
Markets and commercial establishments are concentrated along main roads to atract more people to buy these products or services.
Mixed-use buildings are common in this area with the most typical arrangement being commercial establishments on the ground floor and residential units on the second and third floors.
Gra ti, which is a part of the culture in this area, is more common in local establishments and public spaces. However, housing areas probably do not have gra ti because the residents take greater care of their own properties.
The concrete slabs in roads and within construction footprints a ect soil permeability during construction, a large portion of the soil is often removed and replaced with concrete foundations or is disturbed by the installation of pipes and underground infrastructure. Soil with low permeability increases the possibility of flooding and contamination of runo water that ends up on crops a ecting food security Increasing the area of permeable soil in the city can
Concrete (Asphalt layer and soil cement)
Soil compaction layer (Subbase reser voir)
Recent sedimentary plain of alluvium with tephra Fluvio-lacustrine deposits (Subgrade)
Volcaniclastic sediments and tu s (Bedrock)
Subsoil. Clay minerals: iron, aluminium, organic
Bleached horizon
Humus and topsoil
Comparison of the pedestrian experience in di erent points along Tempano-Revolución Avenue, one of the main roads nearby the study site.
In this area, there is a tra c light and in spite of having a crosswalk, there is no sidewalk for a stretch of almost 200 m. This absence is attributable to the presence of entrances to parking and industrial lots. This is an example of poor condition of pedestrian equipment.
o Bernardo Q
Similar to other sections of this walkway, parked cars and vegetation obstruct the sidewalk, making it uncomfortable and risky for pedestrians to navigate around these obstacles on the roadway.
On this side of the streets, luminaries are designed for vehicles (medium-speed rail) but it is more continuous than some areas of main avenues. The scale of the buildings is more pedestrian-friendly with heights not exceeding 7 meters.|
In this area, there is a tra c light and in spite of having a crosswalk, there is no sidewalk for a stretch of almost 200 m. This absence is attributable to the presence of entrances to parking and industrial lots. This is an example of poor condition of pedestrian equipment.
In this area, the sidewalk measures 50 cm in width. A desire line is present to help prevent collisions between pedestrians and cyclists. The sidewalk is elevated, and in similar locations, pedestrians often sit on the sidewalk due to the lack of benches and rest areas.
C. Vesubio
Similar to other sections of this walkway, parked cars and vegetation obstruct the sidewalk, making it uncomfortable and risky for pedestrians to navigate around these obstacles on the roadway.
This bridge,
In this area, the elevation change to access the industrial zone is 1.56 meters. The only means of ascent is by stairs, which are not accessible to people with mobility challenges
rail) but it is more continuous than some areas of main avenues. The scale of the buildings is more pedestrian-friendly with heights not exceeding 7 meters.|
The width of the sidewalk is only one meter, and in some areas, it is obstructed by steps, reducing the available space even further.
There are only five bridges connecting both avenues, some of which are located up to 500 meters apart, resulting in a lengthy walkway for pedestrians.
In this section of the street, there are no bridges or connections to the Jurica area, which is separated by a continuous physical barrier, resulting in a lack of permeability.
In this section of the street, there are no bridges or connections to the Jurica area, which is separated by a continuous physical barrier, resulting in a lack of permeability.
Lighting in the industrial area side is designed for vehicles (high-speed rail), and the scale of the buildings ranges from 3-meter walls to structures up to 12 meters high. This creates insecurity and an unpleasant experience for pedestrians.
Both of this main avenues do not have bikeways; nevertheless, people choose to use bicycles as their mode of transport. Cyclists feel unsafe due to the tra c in this area.
Pedestrian connections between the industrial park and the surrounding housing area are ine cient and risky due to a lack of equipment and infrastructure maintenance, creating hazardous conditions for pedestrians.
Lighting in the industrial area side is designed for vehicles (high-speed rail), and the scale of the buildings ranges from 3-meter walls to structures up to 12 meters high. This creates insecurity and an unpleasant experience for pedestrians.
Both of this main avenues do not have bikeways; nevertheless, people choose to use bicycles as their mode of transport. Cyclists feel unsafe due to the tra c in this area.
C. Atenas
C. Vesubio
Key map of street sections
User pro les based on surveys
We conducted a survey of 83 people regarding the roads in the industrial park and its surrounding neighborhoods at two di erent times of the day: 1:00 PM and 6:00 PM on weekdays, to gather first-hand opinions from key user profiles: industrial workers, students, street vendors, pedestrians who do not necessarily live or work in this area, and children.
(45-100
The industrial park area is isolated from services and equimpent, making it a purely labor-focused destination for workers. This isolation disrupts the mixed-use nature of the city, reducing urban activity during non-working hours. In contrast, surrounding areas with commerce and amenities see more vibrant public spaces.
At 1:00pm, there are 4 times more women walking than men, many of women walking to perform care tasks such as grocery shopping or accompanying their children to school.
Population in the study area
Age relation of men (in blue) and woman (in brown) considering the delimited area for user profiles.
Industry Workers
Students
Pedestrian and Inhabitants of
Perception of safety, where is more unsafe and why?
Perception of safety varies according to gender and age Of the total number of pedestrians surveyed, three women of di erent ages reported having been victims of verbal abuse in the industrial area, whereas the majority of men reported feeling safe during their journeys.
When walking around the industrial park, people mention feeling safe during the day but unsafe during the night due to the areas where lighting is not enough, showing the lack of importance given to nocturnal pedestrian activity in the area (8:00 PM - 12:00 PM at the exit of students and workers).
Local consumption and mobility
During the site visit, it was observed that there was significant vehicular tra c at the school´s exit. Most of the students arrive by car, followed by public transportation. Unlike workers who mostly use public transportation followed by bicycle and walking.
From the surveys we discovered that most workers and students do not live near these educational and work centers, they mentioned more distant neighborhoods such as Cerrito Colorado, Geo Plazas and Americas among others, which share characteristics of the surrounding neighborhoods but with a less central location making non-motorized mobility di cult because it becomes unsustainable to move in this way daily due to the lack of e cient pedestrian connectivity.
On the pedestrian bridges they assault
On the pedestrian bridges they assault
On the pedestrian bridges they assault
The results indicate that just over half of the surveyed population consumes products and services in this area, with food and groceries being the most popular, this relationship is inversely proportional to those who do not live in the area. Considering that workers spend an average of more than an hour commuting to their workplaces, it is evident that the distance traveled and time spent influences the consumption of food and groceries in the area during the times when workers from the industrial park finish their shifts.
Obviously we feel insecure we are women
Obviously we feel insecure we are women
Sometimes, the luminaries fail
Sometimes, the luminaries fail Obviously we feel insecure we are women
Sometimes, the luminaries fail
Street vendors can be found at the end of the day and near the industrial and school entrances, they respond to the demand for products at the end of worker´s and student´s shifts.
Comfort during their daily commute
We need more infraestructre for the youth to avoid wander
We need more infraestructre for the youth to avoid wander
We need more infraestructre for the youth to avoid wander
62% of people surveyed mentioned bad odors in the area, the most common reason is the drain, followed by the industry and then the trash. Others mentioned that the odor becomes less noticeable when you are in the area for a long period of time. Nevertheless, inhaling industrial pollutants a ects pedestrian's health, and this discomfort can discourage people from walking.
Most of the paths pedestrians use every day are not fully paved, but they are shaded by trees, which reduces the heat during their commutes. However, poor tree maintenance has damaged several sidewalks.
How is the environment for children in the surrounding area?
During our site visit, we observed that there were not many children in the streets. This may be due to the lack of safe connections to the few recreational spaces available Additionally, the perception of safety for children may be a ected by vandalism and a lack of outdoor play culture, leading parents to prefer keeping their children under supervision at home. The absence of other children in the area further diminishes the attractiveness for spending time in these spaces.
Pedestrian bridges give priority to the cars by making people walk more to cross the street so they do not interrupt the car flow.
Not all bus stops have seats, so after a long day of work, people have to wait while standing or sitting on the floor some people even improvise a seat with buckets, drums, or other objects.
Garbage can be seen in the drain which releases a foul aroma that threatens people's health.
Due to the large number of cars we can find both noise and air pollution on the streets.
In some areas people have to walk for long stretches (sometimes even carrying things) without any rest and under the sun, which in summer months can become unsustainable and cause dehydration.
There is a large number of people who decide to walk and cycle despite the risks involved.
Sidewalks are too narrow or too high which makes it poorly accessible for strollers or wheelchairs.
A lot of commerce, both formal and informal can be found in the area, which makes it easier for local residents to access a variety of products and services without having to travel long distances.
Cables and advertisement pamphlets and posters add to the visual pollution of the streets.
Parks can be found in the area, however they are all protected by bars which speaks a little about the perception of security of the inhabitants but also about the need to prevent children from getting out on streets where vehicles can move at high speed. Gra ti can be found around the entire area, which adds to visual pollution and can generate a sense of insecurity to pedestrians. However, it is also a great example of the expression of the area's inhabitants.
The COBAQ is surrounded by the commercial area which can encourage social interaction between students outside of the school environment, since they have more options to meet and socialize.
The high walls and railings reflect the lack of sense of security in the area. In turn, the presence of these physical barriers can create a physical and psychological separation between the pedestrian and the community. In addition, by blocking views, these walls can reduce pedestrians' ability to detect danger or find help quickly which can increase the perception of risk when walking through these areas.
The poor lighting on the streets creates spaces of insecurity at night, which can cause people not to want to walk there at night.
There are not safe bike lanes, which can cause cyclists to feel intimidated by cars and discourage them from using the bike.
Overall Analysis
The analysis of pedestrian safety reveals a profound interconnection between marginalization, social deprivation, and urban infrastructure. In areas of high marginalization, which often overlap with zones of social deprivation, the absence of adequate infrastructure—such as pedestrian bridges and proper lighting— significantly increases pedestrian vulnerability. These environments, particularly around industrial parks, where many workers commute over an hour to reach their workplaces, present considerable challenges. The distance traveled and time spent commuting directly influence the consumption patterns of food and groceries in these areas, especially during peak times when industrial shifts end. Despite this, the proximity to hazardous industries and the prioritization of vehicles over pedestrians create unsafe conditions, where pedestrian routes, especially those connecting industrial and residential zones, become major obstacles to mobility and accessibility.
Physical and invisible barriers, like Avenida Revolución, exacerbate this disconnection, hindering effective urban integration and heightening insecurity for the most vulnerable groups. The pedestrian experience is further degraded by poorly maintained sidewalks, inadequate lighting, and the pervasive presence of visual and noise pollution, all of which reflect the persistent marginalization in these areas. The lack of basic services and proper urban equipment not only raises risks for pedestrians but also limits their ability to move freely and safely within their urban environments.
Sidewalks are interrupted by posts, trees, cars or vegetation, which causes pedestrians to get o the sidewalk in some sections, putting them at risk.
Some bus stops are shaded by trees or artificial roofs.
Nevertheless, despite these challenges, many people continue to walk or cycle as their primary modes of transportation, emphasizing the critical need to improve existing infrastructure to support healthier and more sustainable lifestyles. However, the absence of attractive public spaces, resting areas, and shade, combined with a general perception of insecurity, discourages the use of these transport modes. Enhancing urban conditions—from safety to accessibility—is essential not only for improving the pedestrian experience but also for fostering greater social cohesion and encouraging a more inclusive and active use of public spaces, thereby significantly contributing to the overall well-being of urban communities.
Vulnerability Map
The map reveals vulnerable and marginalized areas where the coexistence of industry and housing accentuates social bias and danger. Although pedestrian bridges improve accessibility, they are insufficient. Pedestrians face a precarious experience, walking on uncomfortable and dangerous paths due to the lack of sidewalks and the presence of a drainage system emitting foul odors. This reality highlights the need for more inclusive and safe urban planning that addresses both infrastructure and the living conditions of residents.
Pedestrian Experience
The study area reveals a concerning lack of pedestrian infrastructure, indicating a disregard for those who travel on foot. A clear example of this deficiency is the presence of large blocks, such as the largest one, which spans a distance of approximately 1.4 km and lacks well-maintained sidewalks in most areas. As a result, pedestrians are forced to walk on the bike path or even along the train tracks, exposing themselves to significant risks.
Additionally, the existing sidewalks are frequently interrupted by vehicular access points, highlighting an urban planning approach that clearly did not prioritize pedestrian mobility. The absence of pedestrian crossings and ramps for people with disabilities further reinforces this perception, demonstrating a lack of accessibility and inclusive infrastructure.
Together, these factors create a hostile and dangerous urban environment for pedestrians, revealing a design that fails to consider the diversity of users. This diagnosis underscores the urgent need to rethink the design of this industrial area, adopting a more inclusive and human-centered approach that ensures safety and access for all, regardless of their mode of transportation.
Is density a key element in sustaining land rentability and economic output in Benito Juarez?
The alignment of rental prices for industrial and residential properties in the Benito Juarez Industrial Park in Querétaro signals a major shift in its economic role. As residential density rises and urban expansion redefines the area, the park sees a transition from manufacturing to logistics and distribution industries, raising questions about its future sustainability.
As we consider the evolving dynamics of the Benito Juarez Industrial Park, several key questions arise: How will the migration of manufacturing impact the park's long-term economic viability? Can the logistics and distribution sectors fully replace the economic contributions of the manufacturing industry? What does this shift mean for the future development of industrial parks within growing urban centers? Could be replaced by housing or mixed uses? Reflecting on these questions will be crucial in understanding the broader implications of the changing landscape in Querétaro.
Industrial warehouse rent USD $35,100 per month for 5850m2.
Benito J Industrial Park
Estimated economic output MXN
$53,000 million..
Total square meters of industrial area 636 hectares.
However, the shift in the park's industrial landscape, driven by the equalization of rental prices for industrial and residential properties, is prompting a reevaluation of its traditional manufacturing base. As logistics and distribution industries move in, attracted by the park's increasingly central location within the expanding urban area, the question of how to balance these competing interests becomes more pressing. The park's future may depend on its ability to adapt to these changing economic conditions while maintaining its significant contribution to the regional economy.
Housing rent in Los Sauces $4500 per month for 40m2.
CRITICAL ZONES
This study presents a detailed analysis through a series of maps identifying areas of vulnerability both within the Benito Juárez industrial zone in Querétaro and in its surrounding areas, which include residential and commercial zones. The goal is to explore the potential of this industrial area and its immediate surroundings, acknowledging the multiple layers of interaction that exist between these spaces.
To achieve this, vulnerabilities were approached from various perspectives: the ecological dimension, which evaluates the environmental impact of industrial activities and their relationship with the natural environment; the social perspective, which analyzes how these activities affect neighboring communities, students, and daily users such as workers and vendors; the infrastructure, which considers the quality of services and connections in the area; and finally, production and consumption, which examine the flows of resources and their sustainability. This multidimensional approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the site’s complexity, highlighting the interconnections between these factors and providing a solid foundation for identifying opportunities for development and risk mitigation in the area.
Perception of insecurity in areas with citizen alert buttons
Absence of sidewalks or critical condition near recreational areas and parks in this area
Lack of lighting near the most popular bus stop
Lack of lighting near the most popular bus stop
Lack of mixed-use developments in the industrial block
Absence of sidewalks or critical condition near recreational areas and parks in this area Perception of insecurity in areas with citizen
Lack of visual permeability due to constructions and walls of private industries
Lack of visual permeability due to constructions and walls of private industries
Most of the citizen attention buttons are located close to schools and predominantly in the housing area, which indicates critical points of insecurity, which in most cases coincide with poorly lighted areas and poor pedestrian conditions.
Critical Points on the Social Scale
Critical points on the social scale
Most of the citizen attention buttons are located close to schools and predominantly in the housing area, which indicates critical points of insecurity, which in most cases coincide with poorly lighted areas and poor pedestrian conditions.
Women with children or people with mobility disabilities are confronted with an inaccessible pedestrian route due to the very limited space on the sidewalks, stairs but no ramps, and other critical points indicated in the diagram. In addition, sidewalks are highly interrupted in the vehicles entry and exit areas.
Women with children or people with mobility disabilities are confronted with an inaccessible pedestrian route due to the very limited space on the sidewalks, stairs but no ramps, and other critical points indicated in the diagram. In addition, sidewalks are highly interrupted in the vehicles entry and exit areas.
The highest concentration of services and amenities is along the street adjacent to Access 4 of the industrial park. This area also hosts the largest park and public courts, though they, like other recreational spaces, need maintenance. While there are several public schools of various educational levels in the area, medical services are predominantly private, with the exception of ISSSTE Satélite.
Most of the citizen attention buttons are located close to schools and predominantly in the housing area, which indicates critical points of insecurity, which in most cases coincide with poorly lighted areas and poor pedestrian conditions.
The highest concentration of services and amenities is along the street adjacent to Access 4 of the industrial park. This area also hosts the largest park and public courts, though they, like other recreational spaces, need maintenance. While there are several public schools of various educational levels in the area, medical services are predominantly private, with the exception of ISSSTE Satélite.
Women with children or people with mobility disabilities are confronted with an inaccessible pedestrian route due to the very limited space on the sidewalks, stairs but no ramps, and other critical points indicated in the diagram. In addition, sidewalks are highly interrupted in the vehicles entry and exit areas.
The highest concentration of services and amenities is along the street adjacent to Access 4 of the industrial park. This area also hosts the largest park and public courts, though they, like other recreational spaces, need maintenance. While there are several public schools of various educational levels in the area, medical services are predominantly private, with the exception of ISSSTE Satélite.
Most of the equipment is private, the industrial park is only a destination for workers due to the lack of mixed uses in this area. Perception of insecurity predominates in the housing zone.
Oportunities of Infraestructure
The Benito Juárez industrial zone presents clear opportunities to improve mobility and optimize transportation infrastructure. Revising and restructuring access points, along with creating alternative routes, could alleviate traffic at critical junctions. Additionally, modernizing traffic lights and key intersections would enhance vehicle flow. Its proximity to major highways offers the chance to redirect heavy traffic to more suitable routes, easing congestion at the main entrances. What impact could a more efficient public transportation system, with greater coverage and frequency, have on logistical efficiency and workers’ quality of life? How might the industrial development landscape change if private vehicle use were significantly reduced, allowing for smoother and more sustainable mobility across the area? Implementing these improvements could transform not only daily logistics but also the area’s appeal for future investment and sustainable growth.
VISIONS OF TOMORROW
Utopian and Dystopian Futures for Benito Juárez Industrial Park
ABOUT VISIONS OF TOMORROW
Visions of tomorrow originates from the reading of three different texts: Suelo by Francisco Diaz, Green Communities and the redefining the community of wealth by Timothy Beatly, and Ecologies of Prosperity for the living by Margarita Jover.
As a result of the different chapters, It was sought to develop different scenarios, aiming to discover the possible futures and the desirable ones The scenarios presented variate form utopias and dystopias, mostly following the actual projection curve of behaviors found among the site and its components
This allowed us to understand which of the actual patterns are desirable and which are not, which continued to lead us along with the site analysis to the development of the projects which would potentially have more impact in order for the industrial park to reach a desirable future
The four different scenarios are divided into the following chapters:
NATURE AS A RESOURCE MARKET DRIVEN CITIES
INDUSTRY PRODUCTION AND POLITIC SOIL AS A MEDIATOR: INEQUALITY, SEGREGATION
NATURE AS A RESOURCE
SOIL AS A MEDIATOR: INEQUALITY, SEGREGATION
«Alert! Alert to all citizens! A state of national emergency has been declared, CEDX-24 is highly contagious and can kill a human being in 95 hours. The entire population is urged to stay at home and avoid contact with any infected being at all costs. »
2035 was a year that would change humanity forever, if only we had listened to the soil, to the Earth sooner then perhaps the catastrophe could have been avoided. However, the world reacted until it was too late. The constant industrialization and prioritization of the automobile that we forced into our cities, thinking that it would lead us to a prosperous future and economic power, did nothing but destroy us: the soil, water and air reached critical points of contamination and seriously accelerated climate change. However, humanity did not listen.
Although there were groups that tried to make a change and tried to raise awareness among the world's population to stop things before the damage was irreversible, we lived in a disconnected, unjust, inequitable and marginalized society where we only cared about what a ected the people closest and dearest to us and ourselves. What's more, we didn't even listen when an ancient virus from the ice age thawed.
We were warned, we were warned by all means known at the time, we didn't have the necessary antibodies to fight against CEDX-24, so we had to isolate ourselves, lock ourselves up so we couldn't be infected. However, the population didn't listen, they went out to party and to the streets and exposed themselves and others to the disease. Some others had such strong attachment ties that by trying to take care of others they ended up condemning everyone around them. Little by little the numbers grew and in less than a year more than half of the world's population had been eradicated, in three, there were only less than 10% left.
The situation was clear to all survivors, we had to radically change the way we lived if we wanted our species, other species and the entire planet in general to have even a chance. So, we united, we left the big
concrete cities aside for nature to reclaim them and we returned to our origins, to when we were closer to the ground, to do things di erently this time, to listen to it this time.
achieved if we admit that we are di erent but that it is those same di erences that unite us.
2538, 1826 days after Day 0
We live in simple, small and ephemeral communities, we understood a long time ago that the world is not only ours but of all the species that inhabit it, inhabited it and will inhabit it and that, therefore, it is our duty to care for it, protect it and restore it. Our ancestors left a concrete canvas on which at first it seemed di cult to paint a new story, a new future. Now, the ruins of that past civilization are just a constant reminder of what happens when we consider ourselves superior and indestructible, when our ego grows so much that we stop listening to the soil. For this reason, since childhood we are taught the importance of giving as much as we receive that is why we live in changing communities that adapt so as not to exceed the biocapacity of the soil.
Our shelters, learning centers and dining rooms are built from organic materials that can be returned to the earth when we move, because we all constantly move. Entire communities move every 30 years to nearby areas to allow the soil to regenerate, in this way, we make sure that we are not abusing again the resources that the planet, our home, gives us.
However, that is not the only thing that has changed, the mistakes of our ancestors have taught us that we are more valuable as communities than as individuals, so we all cooperate, we all take care of each other, and we all support each other. We know that only as a whole we can make a real impact, so we are used to sharing everything we eat in community kitchens, we live in small shelters that house groups of di erent ages, we share everything we have and we find and we collaborate not only with each other but with the flora and the fauna to ensure that we can remain self-su cient, free and with integrity. However, we can only prosper if there is consensus between our community and the others communities and this can only be
The new generations are raised and educated by the whole community, so that children learn di erent perspectives of the world before choosing how they want to protect it and be part of it. It is firmly believed that if we are educated to understand why and how to take care of ourselves, the community and the ecosystem we can be engines that drive humanity to a greater future. For the same reason, our education must be holistic, we must understand what surrounds us, but also what lies beyond. Because, if we think only on us, if we think only on our immediate environment, we will not be able to make decisions that, in the long term, truly protect and nourish our entire planet. That is why, although we live in small communities of no more than 100,000 people, we are not disconnected from the others.
Every 8 years hundreds of individuals jump from one community to another following a specific route that changes every 15 years, we call it the day of rotation and it is a great honor and pleasure that we all experience several times throughout our lives. This allows us to learn and nourish ourselves from new places, cultures, communities, plant and animal environments and from all the stories that have not been told, that are still to be told, that we are going to build. We, the youngest ones, learn from the elders, people who have rotated several times, who have accumulated knowledge from various regions and who teach us to appreciate and care for the nature that is integrated into each community, dissipating the line that previously divided it from our ancestors, something essential especially when you arrive in another community through rotation. The elders are excited to continue sharing their knowledge with those who arrive, and the communities are ecstatic to learn from other communities and to meet and integrate the new arrivals.
On the day of the rotation, you will see people full of emotion, the party fills every corner of each community. A great welcome is given to those who arrive, species of all
During a mining expedition a prehistoric virus preserved in permafrost, later named CEDX-24, is accidentally released due to melting ice generated by rising pollution.
The handful of survivors that do not die from starvation or violence begin to form small communities on the few fertile lands left.
The communities in Mexico’s bajío region hold the first multicommunal counsil meeting, setting o a peaceful and plentiful decade.
The First Rotation
To further unite communities, an octennial exchange of hundreds of people between the di erent communities is established. It is easy and encouraged to travel between communities.
Entire communities start to migrate to nearby areas to allow the soil and the natural resources to regenerate Eventually, they return to their original lands and the cycle starts again.
El mundo es de todos: Debemos de aprender a cuidar de nosotros mismos, de los demás y del entorno natural celebrando la diversidad como un valor que genera conexiones sociales y ambientales más fuertes que nos permitan evolucionar en un mundo equilibrado, equitativo y justo, a través del intercambio de conocimiento intergeneracional e Inter especie, para asegurarnos de que damos tanto como recibimos.
Concientizar actuar y regularizar: Debemos educarnos para plantar la semilla de regeneración, importancia y conexión con el suelo, transformando esa conciencia en acciones concretas que respeten y protejan la vida en todas sus formas. El cambio comienza en cada uno de nosotros, y es nuestra responsabilidad actuar ahora para construir un futuro mejor. Además, es crucial establecer y compartir lineamientos que permitan replicar y expandir estas mejoras, asegurando que el impacto positivo sea profundo, duradero y global.
Respetar y regenerar al suelo que es nuestro principal aliado: Cuidar al suelo signi ca entender sus límites, respetar su biocapacidad y evitar su agotamiento regenerarlo implica prácticas que lo nutran y fortalezcan para, así, asegurar que siga siendo fértil y capaz de sustentar vida para las generaciones venideras. Solo al cuidar y regenerar el suelo podemos garantizar un equilibrio duradero entre la humanidad y la naturaleza, pues, ignorar la salud del suelo es comprometer la vida misma.
Innovación enfocada en la regeneración del medio ambiente y el tejido social: Es nuestro deber como seres humanos corregir el curso cuando aún hay tiempo, por lo que, es fundamental innovar en las técnicas que utilizamos para gestionar y proteger los recursos que nos provee la naturaleza Al mismo tiempo, estas prácticas incentivarían la recuperación del tejido social al fomentar la creación de lazos comunitarios que trascienden con el tiempo.
A world where humanity coexists with nature, fully aware of its impact and avoiding negative alterations to the environment by redefining the social and cultural structures that have led us to our current reality. That is our vision.
As we move towards this conscious evolution, we learn to take care of ourselves, each other, and the planet in an integrated way in order to prosper collectively. This involves prioritizing the natural life cycle of each species and the overall health of the environment.
This holistic approach enables us to build a future were humanity and nature coexist in a mutually beneficial relationship, driving real progress toward a more equitable and just
The Terraviva Collective
The Terraviva Collective Base Principles
INDUSTRY PRODUCTION AND POLITIC
2060
Consolidation of AI in Power. AI has assumed full control of the Mexican government, and the priority is to increase the economy, production and consumption are maximized at the expense of environmental sustainability.
2060
AI-Guided Ecological Governance
The AI takes full control of Mexico's government, focusing on a planned sustainable develpment. The country begins an unprecedented economic boom, thriving sustainable industries.
2075
AI-Controlled Decline Pollution worsens in the Industrial Park, causing widespread health issues. The state-controlled AI keeps citizens distracted and unaware through mass entertainment and propaganda.
2095
Environmental Collapse and Ignorant Consumers
Under AI control, Mexico faces total environmental devastation—polluted rivers, infertile land, and toxic air. The population, stripped of education and critical thinking, remains passive, trapped in a consumption-driven bubble.
2095
Self-Sustaining, Responsible Mexico Mexico evolves into a self-sustaining, socially responsible nation deeply connected to nature. The Benito Juárez Industrial Park stands as a national symbol of the balance between industry, economy and nature.
SOIL AS A MEDIATOR: INEQUALITY, SEGREGATION
We live in a world where the most complex processes are often the most overlooked. In this environment, trees serve as mediators between the sky and the earth. While their reproductive systems unfold in the air, their most crucial connections develop beneath the surface. Charles Darwin referred to them as “inverted animals.” In the atmosphere, trees interact with the air, the sun, and other elements, but it is underground where truly astonishing phenomena occur.
This is where the concept of ecological socialism emerges—a world in which trees connect with one another, sharing nutrients, water, and other essential resources. This process does not happen in isolation; it is facilitated by mycorrhizae and mycelium, fungal structures that act as vital intermediaries between roots. It is thanks to this intricate subterranean network that forests endure, soils retain carbon, and ecological cycles persist
In a future where humanity faces the unchecked exploitation of resources and profound inequalities, “Futures” immerses us in a dystopian narrative that reveals the consequences of an economic system focused on the accumulation of wealth at the expense of social and ecological well-being.
The intention of this comic is not simply to warn about a dystopian future but to provoke a deep reflection on the current trajectories we are following as a global society. Through the story of a world divided between the North and the South, it seeks to illustrate the consequences of our collective decisions, especially those that prioritize short-term economic growth over social and environmental wellbeing.
This story is a mirror that reflects what could happen if we do not change our habits and ways of thinking. The narrative portrays a world where the obsession with accumulating wealth and power has led to an extreme concentration of resources, leaving most of humanity in a vulnerable situation. The collapse seen in the North and the eventual revolution in the South are metaphors for what could happen if we continue to ignore the warning signs: the depletion of natural resources, growing inequality, and the disconnection between humans and nature.
The story highlights the urgent need to rethink what we truly value as a society. If we continue down the current path, where economic value is placed above everything else, it is likely that we will face the same crises described in the comic: social collapse, environmental degradation, and eventually, a forced reorganization of our social and economic structures. This is not merely a science fiction scenario but a plausible future if we do not act with responsibility and longterm vision.
We hope this inspires readers to question the system in which we live and to consider alternative ways of organizing our lives. It is not just about preventing a dark future but about imagining and building a present where collective wellbeing, equity, and sustainability are fundamental pillars. If we can change our mindset and habits today, perhaps we can avoid the fate narrated in “Futures.” True wealth is not in material accumulation but in a society’s ability to live in harmony with itself and with the planet it inhabits.
We understand the soil as a non-renewable complex being of relations beyond it´s substances.
Acknoledgment of the Soil Reconnection to the Soil
Resilient Ecologies
We recognize that the world belongs to all beings. By unlearning anthropocentric values, we adopt humility to achieve coexistence with nature
We promote the reconnection with the soil, acting with awareness and empathy, generating a citizen that seeks to regulate and protect the collective well-being
We aspire to create resilient communities that are nurtured and strengthened through the holistic care of their soil.
We foster an ecological morality that guides us to respect, regenerate and act in cooperation with the Earth, working prudently to minimize our impact on it
We advocate for transparent and adaptive governance and institutions that effectively respond to the changing needs and challenges of society and the environment, considering the diversity of contex ts.
We promote a transformation that rewards the responsible use, care, and preser vation of ecological and social resources, raising awareness of their political and economic importance
We promote collective responsibility, collaboration between citizens and communities to achieve systemic empathy that allows us to take care of the planet and heal the social fabric
TRANSLATING OPPORTUNITIES
Depth analysis of the site, allowing us to identify challenges that later turned into opportunities. These opportunities, combined with the strategies outlined in our manifesto, led to the projects aimed at addressing these issues. It’s important to note that this is a preliminary list of projects, and alternative proposals will be added to reinforce the site’s development. Few projects aim to solve the challenges 100%, as the true potential is unlocked through the collaboration of all projects, maximizing the site’s possibilities.
Inaccesible housing
Insecurity
Lack of law enforcement
Lack of waste management
Imbalanced authority
Concentration of factories
Inadequate pedestrian infrastructure
Impermeable soil
Pollution
Opportunities
Exponential expansion
Inefficient urban planning
Permeable paving solutions, enhancing groundwater recharge and reducing flood risk and urban runoffs.
Create seamless transitions, integrating green buffers that harmonize the two environments.
Opportunity to introduce native and resilient plant species, creating a more sustainable and vibrant landscape.
Inviting atmosphere through strategic design interventions that prioritize beauty, comfort, and community connection.
Develop strategies to boost international sales, balancing the scale between purchases and exports.
Implement circular production processes to increase sustainability and resource efficiency.
Diversify the industrial focus beyond the automotive and machinery sectors, fostering innovation in other industries.
Transition to cleaner technologies and practices, reducing the environmental impact of high-pollution industries.
Prioritize sustainable and alternative transportation options, reducing dependency on automobiles and promoting walkability and cycling.
Address vehicle congestion by redesigning streets to optimize traffic flow and enhance pedestrian-friendly infrastructure.
Diversify land use by introducing mixed-use developments that combine industry with commercial, residential, and recreational spaces to create a more dynamic and versatile environment..
Implement reliable energy solutions to minimize economic losses from voltage drops and power fluctuations.
Improve the visual landscape by reducing visual pollution and incorporating aesthetically pleasing design elements that enhance the site's aesthetic and user experience.
Establish a maintenance and safety plan for public and transit spaces, creating more accessible and secure environments for all users.
Enhance visual permeability through thoughtful design, improving sightlines and fostering a sense of openness.
Foster community interaction by designing spaces that encourage social engagement and connection among users.
Strengthen the connection with the natural surroundings, integrating green spaces and natural elements into the urban fabric.
Develop affordable housing options for workers, creating a more inclusive and equitable living environment.
Promote a diverse mix of uses and flexible schedules to ensure continuous activity and vibrancy throughout the day.
Opportunity to build a culture of accountability and governance that attracts responsible investment and fosters trust in public institutions, enhancing long-term economic and social stability.
Develop innovative partnerships between public and private sectors that improve regulatory efficiency and position the region as a leader in sustainable development.
Leverage foreign investment as a catalyst to strengthen local industries, encouraging knowledge transfer, capacity building, and the development of competitive, resilient domestic markets.
Opportunity to highlight and empower local communities, turning them into key stakeholders in regional development, which can drive sustainable practices, cultural enrichment, and a stronger local identity.
Lead the way in environmental transparency, creating data-driven platforms that not only address damage but also showcase innovations in environmental restoration and stewardship, positioning the region as a model of ecological responsibility.
Preliminary List Of Proyects Strategies
Industry that restores contaminated soils and transforms waste into resources before they harm the environment. From this process, more sustainable collateral services emerge, such as energy and water management, integrating a positive environmental approach directly from the industry itself.
Sustainable Industry to reduce international imports and promote national and local consumption and production
The human being is considered as a resource of the soil, where life and death revitalize the earth. Peace gardens that are distributed by pavilions, promote the understanding of the soil through organic processes, enriching the community culturally, informationally and artistically.
Shared Streets Initiative is a project that designs adaptable and replicable streets for various urban contexts, promoting mixed uses which aim to fulfill the citie´s needs.
A data center in Querétaro, powered by thorium energy, revitalizes its surroundings by connecting homes, offices, and businesses through an ecological corridor. Innovation, sustainability, and employment in an eco-friendly industrial park
Safe Nodes Initiative is a project focused on enhancing public and transit areas through a comprehensive maintenance and safety plan.
Our project offers a unique experience in the city, where workers and the community enjoy nature and a sustainable industry, respecting the pre-existing natural and built wealth, while collaborating, educating themselves and enjoying a new circuit focused on well-being and harmony.
Housing for everyone developing cost-effective and accessible living spaces, promoting a more inclusive and equitable environment for all.
Fábrica de Tierra y Vida is a project that fuses industry and nature, where the community governs the industry. Through a circular and regenerative cycle, we treat rivers, produce fertilizers, and cultivate proteins, while creating spaces that educate and strengthen the connection with the community and its environment.
Global Investment Hub is a project that harnesses foreign investment to bolster local industries. By facilitating knowledge transfer and capacity building.
Creation of a replicable center to exchange knowledge and products, based on pre-existences. Encouraging social interaction and ecological and economic circularity. Restoring the natural environment through nature-sensitive methods.
Ecological ethic
Development and collaboration of ecological solutions for the biotic care of the soil by the community.
Implement and strengthen regulations that promote sustainable practices and citizen monitoring, in soil management and the usage of natural resources.
Raise awareness about ecological problems and present practical solutions through communication networks
Hold citizens of the area accountable through service and philantropic activities.
Reconnection and recognitio of the soil
Education which focuses in reconnection with nature and the soil
Nature as a design premise, that promotes reconnection with the soil and the natural environment.
Raise awareness of the interconnectedness of systems and the fragility of life
Spaces designed to dignify and promote a culture of environmental care and concern for others.
"Community initiatives that foster a sense of belonging and non-anthropocentric stewardship through the care of this resource.
Resilient Ecologies
Reduce the negative impact of pre-existing conditions of the built environment on the soil.
Design spaces with none or minimal negative impact on the soil.
Develop adaptable spaces to the actual and future social and climatic needs
Provide the tools for other species to thrive.
Soil regeneration (through agroforestry, permaculture, and nature-based solutions).
Acknowledgment of the soil
Educating and culturally enriching through experiential and didactic methods about soil processes and behavior.
Promote urban participation in soil processes and conservation.
Foster a balanced exchange of information and knowledge about the processes between soil and humans to achieve mutual understanding.
Integral Natural Coexistence
Create spaces for coexistence between species.
Inclusion of nature in industrial circularity, promoting the restoration of resources.
Promote the use of native and/or endemic plant palettes for provisioning.
Increase water circularity through nature-based solutions.
Development of spaces that provide refuge for living beings for their protection and conservation.
Creation of accessible pedestrian experiences through the landscape.
Transparent, Adaptative Leadership
Spaces and initiatives to encourage community integration and collective participation.
Facilitate spaces for dialogue between the government and the public that promote freedom of expression.
Citizen initiatives co-funded and regulated by the government, the private sector, and the community.
Awareness about how to exercise your right to the city.
Transformation of social and ecological value.
Promote a circular economy that benefits various sectors: economic, environmental, and social.
Promote local and responsible trade, production, and consumption
"Preservation and care of natural resources through economic and political strategies.
Energetic, hydric and material exchange between business entities.
Create vibrant spaces that promote awareness of anthropocentric consumption.
Collective Care
Connect the pedestrian area and bike lane to the vehicular and residential system.
Facilitate and enable recreational and sports activities.
Foster spaces with greater vitality in urban and social life.
Promote the creation of a collective governed by internal regeneration norms.
Restoration and improvement of air quality and infiltration through biotic elements.
Creation of anchor nodes that foster social intersectionality.
PROPOSALS
The projects presented below are the result of a collaborative approach that seeks to address the site’s challenges and opportunities in a comprehensive manner. Each project has been designed not as an isolated solution, but as part of a strategic set that, when working in synergy, maximizes the site’s potential. These proposals are preliminary and are meant to evolve, incorporate new ideas, and adapt to the environment’s needs, reinforcing the commitment to the site’s regeneration and sustainable development.
NEEK INTEGRAL PROJECT
This project offers a unique experience in the city, where workers and the community enjoy nature and a sustainable industry, respecting the pre-existing natural and built wealth, while collaborating, educating themselves and enjoying a new circuit focused on well-being and harmony.
The project addresses the pressing challenges of land use within the industrial park, offering a comprehensive solution to urban climate issues, flooding, accessibility, and environmental protection. It also seeks to tackle the visibility of pollution, promote integral-natural design, and foster collaboration among diverse population sectors. The proposed location, being a convergence point for all these issues, serves as an ideal demonstration site for potential interventions and innovative solutions.
Imagine a place where industrial byproducts are no longer seen as obstacles, but as partners in embracing nature, creating a harmonious connection. A space where the natural cycle is honored, fostering a symbiotic relationship between industry, humans, and the environment, resulting in mutual benefit for all. That´s Neek.
FROM WASTE TO ROOTS
Industry that restores contaminated soil and converts waste into resources before it damages the environment. More sustainable collateral services emerge from this process, such as energy and water management, integrating a positive environmental approach from the industry itself.
Industry that restores contaminated soil and converts waste into resources before it damages the environment. More sustainable collateral services emerge from this process, such as energy and water management, integrating a positive environmental approach from the industry itself.
We chose a zone that was really near to the companies we have investigated, have the major contaminating residual waste such as cardboard and metals that can be repurposed. We also consider the central location for the connections and services it will provide to the future, including return to the soil, energy and restored material.
HIPERCENTRO MEMENTO MORI
A data center in Querétaro, powered by thorium nuclear energy, revitalizes its surroundings by connecting homes, offices, and businesses through an ecological corridor. Innovation, sustainability, and employment in an eco-friendly industrial park.
The Benito Juarez Industrial Park faces several critical challenges that necessitate urgent intervention.
The current issues include frequent flooding, severe pollution, limited land use diversity, inadequate pedestrian infrastructure, insufficient public spaces, an unstable power grid, and pronounced social inequality. Addressing these concerns through a sustainability-focused approach is imperative for both environmental and community well-being.
This project aims to create a regenerative, efficient, and equitable park that will forge a new path into the future through eco-centric technological and educational innovation. Through this initiative, Benito Juarez can be transformed into the first example of a carbon-negative, modern and socially just industrial park.
The human being is considered as a resource of the soil, where life and death revitalize the earth. Peace gardens that are distributed by pavilions, promote the understanding of the soil through organic processes, enriching the community culturally, informationally and artistically.
The proposed location for the project is primarily selected as the site is chosen for the condition of its soil, which is largely untouched and will support the flourishing of organic components. Secondly, its topography, as its elevated position allows for a strategic distribution of the elements, the elevation enhances the project, making a reference to spirituality. Additionally, the existing structure on the site provides an ideal setting for the constructed elements included in the proposal.
HORIZONTE VIVO
Horizonte Vivo is the creation of a replicable center to exchange knowledge and products, based on pre-existences. Encouraging social interaction, ecological and economic circularity. Restoring the natural environment through nature-sensitive methods.
FÁBRICA DE TIERRA Y VIDA
Fábrica de Tierra y Vida is a project that aims to redifine what industry means. Where the community governs the industry. Through a circular and regenerative cycle, we treat rivers, produce fertilizers, and cultivate proteins, while creating spaces that educate and strengthen the connection with the community and its environment.
The preliminary areas selected for the development of “Horizonte Vivo” present significant environmental, economic, and social opportunities to transform industrial zones into replicable centers for soil regeneration. This project aims to mitigate heat islands, foster learning, and promote the exchange of knowledge and products. We will use biophilic design strategies to restore and repurpose unused industrial infrastructure. By creating safe spaces for intergenerational and interspecies interaction, “Horizonte Vivo” serves as a replicable seed of regeneration for soil, natural environments, and urban spaces.
Fábrica de Tierra y Vida is closely connected to storm drains, allowing for efficient water treatment and sustainable fertilizer production. The high traffic in the area provides opportunities for community engagement, enabling the factory to actively participate in local environmental initiatives.
Designed to be human-scale and pedestrian-friendly, the factory fosters interaction with the urban environment. Its proximity to schools supports educational programs on sustainability, directly linking the community with the industry. By utilizing ecological processes for food production, the project harmoniously integrates environmental regeneration with urban life and education, promoting mindful development.
