NEXO VALLEJO

To: Zona Industrial Vallejo

Made with love

From: Jimena, Oliver and Emilio

With our hearts in our hands, we thank our teachers for guiding us along the path and never leaving us alone, our colleagues for their support, but above all, thank you to our parents for being a pillar in our professional development.

Jimena Gallardo

Emilio Sánchez

Oliver Wilson

Jimena Gallardo González

Emilio Sánchez Moreno

Wendall Oliver Wilson

Participatory Architecture of Medium Complexity

School of Architecture, Art and Design

Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro

Febrero-Junio 2024

Diana García Cejudo

Rodrigo Pantoja Calderón

Daniela Cruz Naranjo

Viviana Margarita Barquero Díaz Barriga

Roberto David Cevada González

Pedro Mendoza Hernández

Andrea Maria Parga Vázquez

1. Paradigm shift 3. Design genesis

4. Connection nodes

2. From ground to sky

5. Growing together

Health and community

6. Dinamic spaces

Energetic pulse

1. Paradigm shift

Definition Energy transition

Energy transition refers to the orderly and planned process of transformation in electricity generation, aimed at shifting from conventional sources towards clean energy with sustainability criteria. This process seeks to establish an energy generation model that is environmentally more sustainable, reducing carbon emissions, and socially more inclusive. In other words, the energy transition involves the progressive adoption of new sources of electricity generation, accompanied by the necessary procedures to increase the use of clean and renewable energies as fundamental components in various productive sectors, especially those linked to electricity generation and the socioeconomic development of the country. All of this with the aim of carrying out this transition in an effective, efficient, equitable, innovative, and sustainable manner.

Polluting energy

Graphic: Own elaboration

Decarbonization

What does this mean?

Decarbonization is defined as the process of reducing carbon emissions, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), in the atmosphere. This approach aims to establish a global economy with low emissions to achieve climate neutrality through an efficient and sustainable energy transition.

The energy transition is a fundamental pillar in this decarbonization process. It consists of a structural change that aims to progressively eliminate the use of carbon in energy production. To achieve this goal, electrification of the economy through clean alternative energy sources is essential, ensuring emissions are in line with the planet’s absorption capacity. This vision oriented towards decarbonization and energy transition reflects an active commitment to environmental sustainability and the mitigation of the impacts of climate change, paving the way towards a more resilient and equitable future for future generations.

Use of solar panels

CO2 capture parks

Wind energy generation

Reuse of bags

Electrification of public transport

Prioritize bicycle use

Graphic: Own elaboration

Urban transition

Cities role

Cities play a crucial role in driving the energy transition, as they are significant consumers of energy and sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Setting ambitious renewable goals to invest in sustainable infrastructure towards more energy-efficient buildings and transportation systems, fueled by renewable energy is what cities need to do.

Cities that are able to adapt and carry out the necessary transformations efficiently will end up being more competitive (that is, more capable of generating sustainable economic activity and social well-being).

Image: Mexicana Aerofotos

Energy reform

Make the change

The energy reform establishes a minimum participation of 35% of clean energy in the generation of electrical energy by 2024 and establishes as one of its main objectives to promote the sustainable development of the electricity industry, as well as compliance with the public and universal service obligations of Clean Energy and the reduction of polluting emissions. (AMDEEE, 2005)

Own elaboration

Graphic:

2. From ground to sky

24 ejo

Collage: Own elaboration

Site context

Vallejo Industrial Zone

The Vallejo Industrial zone is located in the north of Mexico City, almost bordering the State of Mexico. It is an industrial zone of utmost importance for the country since its Gross Domestic Product is comparable to that of entire countries. It has around 500 hectares of land and is home to around 760 economically active companies. It has informal housing areas but its conditions are not worthy for a person to live there. It has a train track that is infrequently used but that in the 70’s, was the main means of transportation for company supplies.

Scale: 1:25000

site

Vallejo

Map: Own elaboration

Site context

Public transport

The Vallejo Industrial Zone covers an area of 500 hectares of land and is home to approximately 760 industries, employing a workforce of around 50,000 people. Despite this significant industrial activity and the substantial number of workers, the availability of public transportation in the area is limited compared to the demand from users.

Bus routes are indicated by yellow lines on the map, while the metro route is marked in pink and the metrobus line is highlighted in green. Although access to the area is relatively straightforward from various points in the city, users face difficulties in moving within it due to the limited public transportation options. Furthermore, the roads are primarily designed for private vehicles, freight trucks, and trailers, further complicating the mobility of those reliant on public transport in the area.

Scale: 1:25000

Metro route

Bus route

Metrobus line Site

Map: Own elaboration

Recreational Equipment Site Context

In Vallejo, there’s a significant demand for sporting equipment, primarily supplied by private industries within their employeecentric shared spaces. However, publicly accessible facilities are often situated on the outskirts of the industrial area. This arrangement underscores the employees’ keen interest in such amenities, highlighting sports and recreational activities as integral components of the social and communal fabric within the industrial zones of the metropolitan area. Notably, the sole provision for children’s recreational equipment is a playground near the Vallejo Metro station.

Scale: 1:25000

Sports complex

Map: Own elaboration

Site Context

Location of the site

The chosen site corresponds to a parking lot owned by the Sherwin Williams factory, covering an area of 10 hectares and having an irregular shape. The strategic selection of this site is based on its direct connection to the railway tracks, which offers numerous possibilities for its reuse. Additionally, its proximity to main roads such as Calzada Vallejo adds significant value.

This vacant space, formerly used as a parking lot, along with the railway tracks, is seen as an extension of underutilized areas that currently represent social barriers in the area.

Scale: 1:25000

Site Vallejo site

Map: Own elaboration

Sun and wind path Site analysis

The trajectory followed by the sun is consistently from East to West. However, during the Winter season, this path manifests distinctly as it descends below the horizon line in relation to the specified location. Conversely, in Summer, the sun’s trajectory ascends above the designated site, presenting a contrasting position and angle in the sky. This, not only defines the length of daylight and darkness but also profoundly impacts the thermal regimes, energy inputs, and climatic nuances experienced at the selected site.

The prevailing wind consistently flows from the southwest to the northeast, traversing the designated location. This directional pattern is a consistent feature, contributing significantly to the climatic conditions and environmental dynamics of the area. Thus, understanding and analyzing the behavior of this southwest-to-northeast wind flow is essential for comprehensively assessing the environmental characteristics and patterns within the specified geographical context.

Scale: 1:7000

SUMMER

Map: Own elaboration

Site analysis Flood zone

Based on climatological data, which encompasses records spanning at least three decades pertaining to rainfall patterns, Mexico City experiences an annual average precipitation ranging from 600 to 800 millimeters, with July exhibiting the highest accumulation throughout the year. Similarly, Vallejo, situated in the northern vicinity of Mexico City, displays a comparable rainfall pattern. Notably, it is imperative to underscore that one of the most flood-prone areas within the industrial complex lies north of the designated intervention site.

Scale: 1:7000

Map: Own elaboration

Site analysis

Public transport

The designated area, marked in pink, is located in the vicinity of major roadways, allowing for the visualization of the various transportation methods used by users to access it. In pink, the metrobus route is identified, green highlights the metro lines, and blue outlines the local bus transportation routes. The white circles represent the stops corresponding to each of the aforementioned transportation methods.

Scale: 1:7000

Site

Metrobus route

Bus route

Metro line

Metrobus stops

Bus stops

Metro stops

Map: Own elaboration

Access map Site context

Regarding the site’s location, it has been previously mentioned that it is situated between main thoroughfares, as evidenced by the map where the various entrances are clearly highlighted: pedestrian entrances, identified in blue; entrances for trucks and cargo transport, highlighted in pink; and finally, commercial areas, represented in yellow.

It is worth noting that, in this distribution, the emphasis seems to be more on the entrances for cargo vehicles and commercial establishments, relegating pedestrian entrances to a secondary position. This fact is particularly relevant given the limited development of public transportation in the area, which implies that the majority of users are forced to travel on foot to reach their workplaces or other destinations.

This situation poses a significant challenge in terms of accessibility and safety for pedestrians, who should occupy a prioritized position in urban planning and the design of road infrastructure.

Scale: 1:7000

Site Transport entrances

Pedestrian entrances

Commercial areas

Map: Own elaboration

3. Design genesis

Analogous example

Coulée verte René-Dumont

It is located in Paris, France. It was created in 1988 by Philippe Mathieux and Jacques Vergely on the site of an old railway line. It combines spaces of wild vegetation that were invading the area that was disused, with modern landscaping. It has a commercial part, followed by tunnels and ditches. The walk is 4.5 km long. It has 4 different gardens and is mixed with street art.

Collage: Own elaboration

Analogous example

Bar Hoegaarden

The space was designed by Metamoorfose Studio, in Brazil in 2019. It is located in a quite diverse region with constant movement and development. It consists of a bar made within vernacular nursery structures (greenhouses). It has an area of 360 m2 and has the capacity to accommodate 200 users, it has 264 plants of 38 species, it is a space created for people to connect with nature and forget the daily hustle and bustle a little.

Collage: Own elaboration

Analogous example

StreetDome

StreetDome is a unique urban landscape created by CEBRA and Glifberg+Lykke on the harbour front of Haderslev in southern Denmark. It is a multi park and cultural centre for street sports. The overall ambition of the project is to set new standards for urban arenas for unorganized sports. To reduce costs, the hall is unheated and lit through daylight while the building’s has been minimized through its dome shape. The roof spans around 40 meters.

Collage: Own elaboration

Even Ground For All Every Meter Counts

Unleash Earths Potential

Change <

Evolve

Community for everyone Nexo Vallejo

Nexo Vallejo is a project aimed at fostering a united community where all aspects of individuals’ comprehensive development are taken into account.

At the core of this project lies the well-being of the area’s workers. This entails providing them with dignified transportation to their workplaces, offering spaces for meals, relaxation, and leisure activities, as well as ensuring proximity to their children.

Contributing to decarbonization and global improvement is a holistic process. It encompasses not only environmental aspects but also the change that begins within each individual. To achieve significant change, it is essential to start by attaining a state of personal well-being.

Collage: Own elaboration

First idea of circulation Sketch ideas

The drawing represents a first approach to the way the circulations were going to work, giving priority to pedestrians. Additionally, the placement of plant barriers as a method of protecting the property is shown. The wetland was always proposed at the center of the project since it is the main water collection point.

Hand drawing: Own elaboration

Sketch ideas

Second idea of circulation

All possible ways in which people who use bicycles and pedestrians can enter and leave the site are proposed. A space with completely free flows is proposed, except for the daycare area, which is a more private space.

Hand drawing: Own elaboration

Noise drawing Sketch ideas

The drawing shows the noise zones on the property, the pink zone being where the most noise pollution exists, the yellow zone being in the middle and the green zone being the cleanest in terms of noise.

Hand drawing: Own elaboration

Infancy Industry related

Collage: Own elaboration

Lantana Medlar Guava Apricot Clove Apple

Water shell Reed Peach Pear Plum Lemon

Justification Vegetation palette

The Secretary of the Environment (SEDEMA) of Mexico City reports on the program for the revegetation of the Conservation Soil with the planting of 10.5 million trees, shrubs and other types of plants.

All the plants used in reforestation are produced in the Corenadr forest nursery.

Revegetation seeks to make the city greener, connecting the conservation land with the urban dream through green infrastructure. “It is important to reforest and take care of the trees because we are going to obtain great benefits from them, better air quality, infiltration and availability of water, as well as the retention of suspended particles,” said Miguel Ángel Delgado, in charge of the forest nursery.

Photo: SEDEMA, own edition

Vallejo Site Mobility Strategies

Design process

Boundaries and Limitations

The property has a single access point at the front. The road bordering it is a six-lane avenue, two of which belong to the East Metrobus. The property is surrounded by two 6-meterhigh walls, and the rear accesses are the backs of industrial warehouses. There are plans to intervene in the street with a median, creating a connection for pedestrians with all the people transiting through Vallejo. The site is bordered by railways, which is important for the project as it allows for the creation of two lines of the trolleybus system.

BORDERS

BORDERS

BORDERS

Access Design process

The project has 3 entrances through which users can access the site. There are routes for pedestrians, bicycle routes and routes for children.

Access

Pedestrian

Bycicle

Children

Excavation of the land and water Design process

The current land is a completely flat pavement slab. The purpose of the transformation is to create spaces that generate diverse views and emotions, as well as to create a wetland that takes advantage of the rainy seasons for the filtration and collection of irrigation and rainwater.

Wetland Maximum Capacity:

350 m3 of water

Terrain shift of: 5 meters below ground level

6x6 Grid Design process

Due to the nature of the project, we aim to create main axes and, from them, generate a 6x6 grid, providing modular logic. This will allow the use of prefabricated second-use profiles with standard measurements during construction.

Structure Design process

The structure is designed to reuse profiles and metalwork from nearby industries. The joints will be made with screw anchors so that, if the project does not continue, it can be dismantled, and the materials reused.

Connection diagram

Trolley plaza and storage

Daycare

Fruit trail and wetland

Commercial zone

Greenhouse

Sports complex

Dinning area

Nexo Vallejo

Take advantage of unused spaces

Adaptable to all types of terrain

Physical health

Social cohesion

Economic growth

Youth development

Safe place for development

Promotes sustainable practices

Optimize the use of electrical energy

Reduce dependence on non-renewable energy

Capture the CO2 emitted by the factories

Reduces the use of transportation

Improves water management

Development of clean technologies

Industrial clusters

Government programs

Fares adjustable to the local market

Seeking financial support from government

Supported by the return of investment

Formal and informal sales

Industrial zone workers

Local residents

Visitors

Educational institutions

Children of workers

New way of transportation

Avoid personal exposure to road traffic

Generation of employment

Generation of commerce

Improve the work environment

Energy transition

Increase productivity Why?

Investment

Complete view Ground floor

18 19 20 21 22 23

Nexo Vallejo Ground Floor

Lemon

Appricot

Pear Tree

Peach Tree

Guava Tree

Complete view Level -1

Plum Tree

Lemon Tree

Appricot Tree

Pear Tree

Peach Tree

Guava Tree

Plum Tree

Lemon Tree

Appricot Tree

Pear Tree

Peach Tree

Guava Tree

Plum Tree

Lemon Tree

Appricot Tree

Pear Tree

Peach Tree

Guava Tree

Nexo Vallejo Rooftops

Plum Tree

Lemon Tree

Appricot Tree

Pear Tree

Peach Tree

Guava Tree

First Facade

Daycare Building

1 Level

Nexo Vallejo Building Second Facade

+12.000

2 Level

+6.000

1 Level

±0.000

0 Ground Floor

-4.000 -1 Level

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0 2.5 5 Scale - 1:250 Facade 2: Nexo Vallejo Building Nexo Vallejo

Nexo Vallejo Site Section A-A´

Section A-A': Nexo Vallejo Site Nexo Vallejo

Scale - 1:400

0 4 8

Nexo Vallejo Site Section B-B´

Scale - 1:500 Section B-B': Nexo Vallejo Building Nexo Vallejo

Structural Section

Sport Complex Structure

7.

8.

9.

10.

7. 8.

1. Corrugated Slab

2. Monten Beam 8’’ x 2 3/4’’ cal. 10

3. Gambrel Truss

4. 0.30x0.30 m bracket

5. 0.60x0.60 m concrete column

6. Losacero cal. 24

Compression layer with mesh 6x6/8-8 w/ 2cm coating

Nelson Bolt

IPR Beam 8’’

Warren Truss

Illustrated section of the sports complex building

Aerial view

4. Connection nodes

Connection diagram

Connection nodes

Trolley plaza and storage

Daycare

Fruit trail and wetland

Commercial zone

Greenhouse

Sports complex

Dinning area

Take advantage of unused spaces

Adaptable to all types of terrain

Physical health

Social cohesion

Economic growth

Youth development

Safe place for development

Promotes sustainable practices

Optimize the use of electrical energy

Reduce dependence on non-renewable energy

Capture the CO2 emitted by the factories

Reduces the use of transportation

Improves water management

Development of clean technologies

Industrial clusters

Government programs

Fares adjustable to the local market

Seeking financial support from government

Supported by the return of investment

Formal and informal sales

Industrial zone workers

Local residents

Visitors

Educational institutions

Children of workers

New way of transportation

Avoid personal exposure to road traffic

Generation of employment

Generation of commerce

Improve the work environment

Increase productivity

Investment

Cars vs Public transport

If one person took the Trolley+Metro system, they would decrease their emissions by

CO2 per KM daily CO2 per 10KM daily CO2 per 10KM/yearly

CO2 Emissions for 100 users by transport

Zoom In Trolley Plaza

View from the pedestrian crossing

View from the Trolley Plaza entrance

Zoom In Trolley storage

Nexo Vallejo

5. Growing together

Growing together Connection diagram

Trolley plaza and storage

Daycare

Fruit trail and wetland

Commercial zone

Greenhouse

Sports complex

Dinning area

Take advantage of unused spaces

Adaptable to all types of terrain

Physical health

Social cohesion

Economic growth

Youth development

Safe place for development

Promotes sustainable practices

Optimize the use of electrical energy

Reduce dependence on non-renewable energy

Capture the CO2 emitted by the factories

Reduces the use of transportation

Improves water management

Development of clean technologies

Industrial clusters

Government programs

Fares adjustable to the local market

Seeking financial support from government

Supported by the return of investment

Formal and informal sales

Industrial zone workers

Local residents

Visitors

Educational institutions

Children of workers

New way of transportation

Avoid personal exposure to road traffic

Generation of employment

Generation of commerce

Improve the work environment

Increase productivity

CO2 Reduction

1 tree reduces 25 kg of CO2 per year

The project has a total of 83 trees

Total reduction: 2075 kg of CO2 per year

Zoom In -1 Daycare

Nexo Vallejo

View from the Daycare play area

View from the Daycare room

Zoom Ground Floor Daycare

View from the Daycare rooftop

View from the Wetland Area

6. Dinamic spaces

Dinamic spaces Connection diagram

Trolley plaza and storage

Daycare

Fruit trail and wetland

Commercial zone

Greenhouse

Sports complex

Dinning area

Take advantage of unused spaces

Adaptable to all types of terrain

Physical health

Social cohesion

Economic growth

Youth development

Safe place for development

Promotes sustainable practices

Optimize the use of electrical energy

Reduce dependence on non-renewable energy

Capture the CO2 emitted by the factories

Reduces the use of transportation

Improves water management

Development of clean technologies

Industrial clusters

Government programs

Fares adjustable to the local market

Seeking financial support from government

Supported by the return of investment

Formal and informal sales

Industrial zone workers

Local residents

Visitors

Educational institutions

Children of workers

New way of transportation

Avoid personal exposure to road traffic

Generation of employment

Generation of commerce

Improve the work environment

Increase productivity

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9

View from the Commercial Zone

Zoom In Greenhouse and Sports Complex

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Vallejo

1 sqm of greenhouse captures .754 kg of CO2 per year CO2 Reduction

CO2

The CO2 captured by the greenhouse per year is 588.12 kg

Water

Greywater sources

Degreasing chamber

Planter bed

To ground water

Overflow

Septic tank

Grey water reusage Removed

Introduced

Biochemical oxigen demand

Suspended solids aerobically composted

Disccharge to natural ground

View from the Greenhouse

View of the Sports Complex play area

View of the Sports Complex play area

View of the sports complex’s court area

7. Health and community

Health and community Connection diagram

Trolley plaza and storage

Daycare

Fruit trail and wetland

Commercial zone

Greenhouse

Sports complex

Dinning area

Take advantage of unused spaces

Adaptable to all types of terrain

Physical health

Social cohesion

Economic growth

Youth development

Safe place for development

Promotes sustainable practices

Optimize the use of electrical energy

Reduce dependence on non-renewable energy

Capture the CO2 emitted by the factories

Reduces the use of transportation

Improves water management

Development of clean technologies

Industrial clusters

Government programs

Fares adjustable to the local market

Seeking financial support from government

Supported by the return of investment

Formal and informal sales

Industrial zone workers

Local residents

Visitors

Educational institutions

Children of workers

New way of transportation

Avoid personal exposure to road traffic

Generation of employment

Generation of commerce

Improve the work environment

Increase productivity

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

View of the Dinning Area

8. Energetic pulse

Consumption and production Energy

The project has an annual consumption of 676,390 kW/h per year, however, it produces 1,064,985 kW/h, that is, it is energy self-sustainable. The remaining watts are destined for the Azcapotzalco public lighting system and the Sherwin Williams Factory, because it is an immediate neighbor of the site.

Annual consumption of buildings + trolley:

676,390 kW/h

Annual production of buildings:

1,064,985 kW/h

Surplus of:

388,595 kW/h

28,000 to Azcapotzalco Public Lighting System

360,000 to Sherwin Williams Factory

May architecture embrace us so tightly that we always want to be better for it.

Knowledge bible References

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Britannica (2024). Solar Panel. Recovered from: https://www.britannica.com/technology/solar-panel

Caballero, P. (2020, July 23). Invernadero Bar Hoegaarden / Metamoorfose studio. Recovered from: https:// www.archdaily.mx/mx/933298/invernadero-bar-hoegaarden-metamoorfose-studio

Clancy, M. (2022). The Difference Between Crystalline and Thin Film Solar Panels Explained. Recuperado de: https://korvustech.com/crystalline-vs-thin-film-solar-panels/

De Sortiraparis, M., & De Sortiraparis, R. (2023). La Coulée Verte de París, el insólito y escondido paseo de Bastilla a Vincennes.Recovered from: https://www.sortiraparis.com/es/que-visitar-en-paris/caminatas/articles/248008-la-coulee-verte-de-paris-el-insolito-y-escondido-paseo-de-bastilla-a-vincennes

Del Medio Ambiente, S. (s. f.). Revegeta Sedema el Suelo de Conservación de la Ciudad de México con 28.5 millones de árboles y plantas. Recovered from: https://www.sedema.cdmx.gob.mx/comunicacion/nota/ revegetara-sedema-suelo-de-conservacion-con-10-5-millones-de-plantas#:~:text=Con%20la%20revegetaci%C3%B3n%20del%20campo,mil%20hect%C3%A1reas%20de%20parques%20p%C3%BAblicos v

Fernandez, J. (2021). ¿Por qué las ciudades son clave para el éxito de la transición energética mundial? Recovered from: https://www.orkestra.deusto.es/es/actualidad/noticias-eventos/beyondcompetitiveness/2271-por-que-las-ciudades-son-clave-para-el-exito-de-la-transicion-energetica-mundial

Lane, C. (2024). How much energy does a solar panel produce? recuperado de: https://www.solarreviews. com/blog/how-much-electricity-does-a-solar-panel-produce

Meteoblue (s.f.). Datos climáticos y meteorológicos históricos simulados para Ciudad de México. Recovered from: https://www.meteoblue.com/es/tiempo/historyclimate/climatemodelled/ciudad-de-m%C3%A9xico_m%C3%A9xico_3530597

SENER (s.f.). Transición energética. Recovered from: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/610957/Cap3_-_Transicio_n_Energe_tica_WEB.pdf

Simpson, B. (2023). War in Ukraine speeding up Germany’s transition to renewables. Recovered from: https://theworld.org/stories/2023-07-10/war-ukraine-speeding-germanys-transition-renewables

Turner, J. (2014). This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs the Climate by Naomi Klein. Recovered from: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/sep/19/this-changes-everything-capitalism-vs-climate-naomi-klein-review

We have reached the end of this chapter of our lives. From the bottom of our hearts, thank you for making us grow.

We cherish you, Vallejo Industrial Zone.

Jimena, Emilio and Oliver