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PHQWDP D UHVLVWÅQFLD » R[LGD¾R H QLWUD¾R XWLOL]DQGR VH WDPEÄP LQL ELGRUHV LVHQWRV GH FLQ]DV 1R FDVR GRV PRWRUHV D J¼V Ä H[WUH 3RU RXWUR ODGR H IDFH »V FDGD YH]
PRWRUHV D J¼V WHFQRORJLD GR PRWRU
PDPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH R FRQWUROR GR
PDLRUHV SUHRFXSDÂÐHV DPELHQWDLV
WLSR GH FRPEXVWÈYHO EHP FRPR DV
WHRU GH FLQ]DV VXOIDWDGDV s UHVÈGXR
YHULƬFD VH XPD UHGX¾R GH HPLVVÐHVq
FDUDWHUÈVWLFDV GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR
TXH UHVWD DSÎV VH WHU TXHLPDGR XPD
GH FRQWDPLQDQWHV SDUD D DWPRVIHUD
PRWRU
DPRVWUD GH OXEULILFDQWH H SRGH VHU
(VWD DGDSWD¾R OHYRX D TXH QR
2V OXEULƬFDQWHV SDUD PRWRUHV D
PHGLGR HP SHUFHQWDJHP FRQIRUPH
FDVR GH PRWRUHV GH FRPEXVW¾R FRP
J¼V VRIUHUDP XPD IRUWH HYROX¾R WHF
D 1RUPD $670 ' 1HVWH WHVWH
PLVWXUD SREUH VH LPSOHPHQWDVVH D
QROÎJLFD TXHU QRV ÎOHRV EDVH TXHU QDV
V¾R PHGLGRV RV FRPSRQHQWHV PHW¼
XWLOL]D¾R GH LJQL¾R HP SUÄ F½PDUD
FDUJDV GH DGLWLYRV SHUPLWLQGR D RE
OLFRV H RUJ½QLFRV TXH R ÎOHR FRQWÄP
XP PHOKRU FRQWUROR HOHWUÎQLFR GD
WHQ¾R GH XP PHOKRU UHQGLPHQWR GR
YDORU SHUFHQWXDO GH FLQ]DV VXOIDWD
UHOD¾R DU J¼V D XWLOL]D¾R GH FDWDOL
SUÎSULR OXEULƬFDQWH
GDV QRUPDOPHQWH RULJLQ¼ULRV GRV
VDGRUHV GH R[LGD¾R GH &R H GH 12[
2V PRWRUHV D J¼V V¾R QR VHX WRGR
H DLQGD XPD PHOKRULD GD FRPEXVW¾R
VLPLODUHV DRV PRWRUHV 'LHVHO WHQGR
GRV PRWRUHV PDLV DQWLJRV 1R FDVR
FRQWXGR GH VXSRUWDU HVIRUÂRV PXLWR
GRV PRWRUHV FRP FDWDOLVDGRUHV GH
SDUWLFXODUHV HP GHWHUPLQDGDV ¼UHDV
YLDV IRL DGDSWDGD D FRPSDWLELOLGDGH
GR PRWRU RV TXDLV SRGHP RULJLQDU
GRV FDWDOLVDGRUHV DRV QRYRV GHVHQKRV
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GRV PRWRUHV H PDLRUHV WHPSRV GH FRPEXVW¾R
IRUPD¾R GH ORGRV QR F¼UWHU H ƬO
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6¾R IDWRUHV SUHSRQGHUDQWHV QR GH VHQYROYLPHQWR GH OXEULƬFDQWHV SDUD
+¼ TXH WHU HP FRQWD TXH Ǟ
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XPD SHUFHQWDJHP GH FLQ]DV DGH TXDGD IDFLOLWD D SURWH¾R GDV Y¼OYX ODV HP PRWRUHV GH 7
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D XWLOL]D¾R GH ÎOHRV FRP XP HOHYD GR WHRU GH FLQ]DV SRGH IRUPDU PDLV
WURV GH ÎOHR
GHSÎVLWRV QR PRWRU
IRUPD¾R GH GHSÎVLWRV FDUERQRVRV H ODFDV QDV FRURDV H FDEHÂD LQWHULRU
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DGLWLYRV
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SRU YH]HV YHULƬFD VH D IRUPD¾R
GRV ÅPERORV QRV VHJPHQWRV H QDV
GH JUDQGHV GHSÎVLWRV GH FLQ]DV QD
Y¼OYXODV
]RQD DOWD GR FLOLQGUR D TXDO SRGH
GHVJDVWH QDV FDPLVDV ÅPERORV UR
WHU D VXD RULJHP QXP PDLRU FRQVX
ODPHQWRV H EDVH GDV Y¼OYXODV
PR GH ÎOHR GHYLGR D XP H[FHGHQWH
UHGX¾R GR WHPSR GH YLGD ÕWLO GR
GH OXEULƬFDQWH
&RPR QDVFH XP OXEULƬFDQWH
M 125
&ULDU XP QRYR OXEULƬFDQWH Ä XP SURFHVVR ORQJR H GLVSHQGLRVR 8PD DPSOD HVFROKD GH SURGXWRV GH EDVH SHUPLWH SURGX]LU OXEULƬFDQWHV PXLWR HƬFLHQWHV 8PD QHFHVVLGDGH SDUD UHVSRQGHU D H[LJÅQFLDV FDGD YH] PDLV VHYHUDV
SDUD PRWRU GH pWRSR GH JDPDq SRGH VHU FRQVWLWXÈGR SRU TXDWUR ÎOHRV GH EDVH GLIHUHQWHV DRV TXDLV VH DFUHVFHQWDP SRU YH]HV DWÄ FHUFD GH TXLQ]H DGLWLYRV GLIHUHQWHV H TXH UHSUHVHQWDP HP FHUWRV FDVRV FHUFD GH XP TXDUWR GR
HVSHFLƬFDÂÐHV SXEOLFDGDV RX QD VXD IDOWD REWLGDV DSÎV GLVFXVV¾R FRP RV HVSHFLDOLVWDV 6HJXLGDPHQWH IDU VH ¼ R SRQ WR GD VLWXD¾R VREUH D HYROX¾R
YROXPH GR OXEULƬFDQWH $SUHVHQWDPRV GH VHJXLGD XPD VÈQWHVH GD H[WHQVD JDPD GH ÎOHRV GH EDVH H GH DGLWLYRV SDUD D SURGX¾R GH OXEULƬFDQWHV
SUHYLVÈYHO GDV SULQFLSDLV HVSHFLƬFD ÂÐHV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV D TXH R SURGXWR GHYHU¼ LPSHUDWLYDPHQWH UHVSRQGHU »
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56
$WXDOPHQWH D JUDQGH PDLRULD GRV OX
2 '(6(192/9,0(172 '( 80 /8%5,),&$17(
6,17Ä7,&$
especial › lubrificantes
GDWD GD VXD FRPHUFLDOL]D¾R
([LJÅQFLDV VHPSUH PDLV VHYHUDV
EULƬFDQWHV SURGX]HP VH D SDUWLU GH
$V WHQGÅQFLDV DWXDLV TXH YLVDP UH
FDWHJRULDV GLIHUHQWHV GH ÎOHRV GH EDVH
GX]LU R SHVR GRV PDWHULDLV XWLOL]DGRV H DXPHQWDU DV SRWÅQFLDV HVSHFÈƬFDV
%DVHV 0LQHUDLV &RQYHQFLRQDLV
3RUTXÅ XP QRYR OXEULƬFDQWH"
WUDQVPLWLGDV WUDGX]HP VH QXP DX
(VWDV EDVHV REWLGDV SHOD UHƬQD¾R
4XDQGR XPD HPSUHVD SURGXWRUD GH
PHQWR JHQHUDOL]DGR GDV WHPSHUDWXUDV
FO¼VVLFD FDUDWHUL]DP VH SRU XP WHRU
OXEULƬFDQWHV GHFLGH GHVHQYROYHU XP
GH XWLOL]D¾R GRV OXEULƬFDQWHV $ HVWDV
UHODWLYDPHQWH HOHYDGR GH KLGURFDU
QRYR SURGXWR EDVHLD VH JHUDOPHQWH
H[LJÅQFLDV WÄFQLFDV MXQWDP VH DV UH
ERQHWRV FRP XPD HVWUXWXUD TXÈPLFD
QXP HVWXGR GH PHUFDGR TXH GHPRQV
ODWLYDV » SURWH¾R GR DPELHQWH H GRV
pLVRSDUDIÈQLFDq R TXH OKHV FRQIHUH XPD
WUD D H[LVWÅQFLD GXPD QRYD QHFHVVLGDGH
XWLOL]DGRUHV DVVLP FRPR R DXPHQWR
SURSULHGDGH UHROÎJLFD PXLWR DSUHFLD
SRU SDUWH GRV FRQVXPLGRUHV
JHQHUDOL]DGR GR WHPSR GH VHUYLÂR
GD QD OXEULƬFD¾R D VDEHU XPD IUDFD
GRV ÎOHRV SDUD DXWRPÎYHLV H YHÈFXORV
YDULD¾R GH YLVFRVLGDGH FRP D WHPSH
RXWURV HOHPHQWRV WDLV FRPR
LQGXVWULDLV 7RGDV HVWDV H[LJÅQFLDV
UDWXUD ÈQGLFH GH YLVFRVLGDGH HOHYDGR
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D HVWUDWÄJLD FRPHUFLDO GD HPSUHVD
OHYDUDP D FULDU QRYRV ÎOHRV GH EDVH
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DV DÂÐHV LQRYDGRUDV GD FRQFRUUÅQFLD
TXH SHUPLWHP IDEULFDU OXEULƬFDQWHV
$V EDVHV PLQHUDLV FRQWÅP XPD
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D LGHQWLƬFD¾R GH XP FRPSRQHQWH
VHQVLYHOPHQWH PDLV ƮXLGRV D EDL[DV
SURSRU¾R GH FRPSRVWRV DURP¼WLFRV
RX GH XPD SURSULHGDGH RULJLQDO
WHPSHUDWXUDV PHQRV YRO¼WHLV H PDLV
UHODWLYDPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH PDV WROH
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FRQVLGHUDÂÐHV HFRQÎPLFDV H HFR
HƬFLHQWHV GR TXH RV IRUPXODGRV D SDU
U¼YHO DVVLP FRPR IUDFDV TXDQWLGDGHV
OÎJLFDV
WLU GRV ÎOHRV PLQHUDLV FO¼VVLFRV
GH SURGXWRV VXOIDWDGRV H D]RWDGRV $
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D QHFHVVLGDGH GH XWLOL]DU SUHIHUHQ
$ GHFLV¾R WHU¼ WDPEÄP HP FRQWD
VXD YDVWD JDPD GH YLVFRVLGDGHV H R VHX
2 H[HPSOR GD FRPSRVL¾R GH XP OXEULƬFDQWH SDUD YHÈFXORV DXWRPÎYHLV
EDL[R FXVWR GH SURGX¾R V¾R YDQWD
2 FDGHUQR GH HQFDUJRV
8P OXEULƬFDQWH SDUD DXWRPÎYHO FRP
PDLV FRUUHQWHV
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SÐH VH SULQFLSDOPHQWH SRU XP ÎOHR
XP QRYR OXEULƬFDQWH Ä QHFHVV¼ULR HV
GH EDVH RX XPD PLVWXUD GH ÎOHRV GH
WDEHOHFHU XP FDGHUQR GH HQFDUJRV
EDVH TXH FRQVWLWXHP D SUÎSULD HVWUX
GHVWLQDGR DR FHQWUR GH LQYHVWLJD¾R
WXUD GR SURGXWR ƬQDO (VWH ÎOHR GH
RQGH V¾R GHVFULWDV DV FDUDWHUÈVWLFDV GR
EDVH GHYH WHU FDUDWHUÈVWLFDV IÈVLFR TXÈ
+LGUR UHƬQDGDV
QRYR SURGXWR
PLFDV W¾R SUÎ[LPDV TXDQWR SRVVÈYHO
(VWDV EDVHV PLQHUDLV REWÅP VH D SDUWLU
2 HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GHVWH FDGHU
GR OXEULƬFDQWH GHVHMDGR $ HVWD EDVH
GXP SURFHVVR RULJLQDO GH UHƬQD¾R
QR GH HQFDUJRV REULJD D FRQKHFHU
DFUHVFHQWDP VH DGLWLYRV SDUD UHIRUÂDU
TXH FRQVLVWH HP FUDTXHDU GLYLGLU HP
DV FODVVLƬFDÂÐHV H HVSHFLƬFDÂÐHV
RX DFUHVFHQWDU FHUWDV SURSULHGDGHV
PROÄFXODV PDLV VLPSOHV VRE XPD IRUWH
HGLWDGDV SRU Y¼ULRV RUJDQLVPRV (P
5HODWLYDPHQWH » VHOH¾R GRV DGLWLYRV
SUHVV¾R GH KLGURJÄQLR FHUWDV PROÄFX
SULPHLUR OXJDU WHU VH ¾R HP FRQWD DV
D XWLOL]DU Ä QHFHVV¼ULR DVVHJXUDU TXH
ODV LQGHVHM¼YHLV UHVXOWDQWHV GR UHVÈGXR
ÕOWLPDV H[LJÅQFLDV GRV FRQVWUXWRUHV
HVWHV Q¾R H[HUFHP HQWUH VL HIHLWRV
H GRV FRUWHV GH GHVWLOD¾R HP Y¼FXR
GH DXWRPÎYHLV RX GH HTXLSDPHQWRV
DQWDJÎQLFRV SUHMXGLFLDLV » TXDOLGDGH
GR SHWUÎOHR EUXWR 7ÅP XP ÈQGLFH
LQGXVWULDLV JHUDOPHQWH H[SUHVVRV QDV
GR SURGXWR DFDEDGR 8P OXEULƬFDQWH
GH YLVFRVLGDGH LGÅQWLFR DR GDV EDVHV
FLDOPHQWH FRPSRQHQWHV GLVSRQÈ YHLV QD HPSUHVD
JHQV GHWHUPLQDQWHV QD VXD XWLOL]D¾R SDUD D SUHSDUD¾R GRV OXEULƬFDQWHV
%DVHV 0LQHUDLV 1¾R &RQYHQFLRQDLV
®OHRV SDUD PRWRUHV D J¼V
M 125
1RV ÕOWLPRV DQRV WHP KDYLGR XPD JUDQGH HYROX¾R QR TXH GL] UHVSHLWR DRV ÎOHRV SDUD PRWRUHV D J¼V DWUDYÄV GH XPD HYROX¾R FRQVWDQWH TXHU QRV ÎOHRV EDVH XWLOL]DGRV TXHU QD WHFQRORJLD GRV DGLWLYRV
DVVLP XPD HFRQRPLD QR YROXPH GH ÎOHR XWLOL]DGR QDV LQWHUYHQÂÐHV GH PDQXWHQ¾R QHFHVV¼ULDV H FRP LVWR XPD PDLRU GLVSRQLELOLGDGH GR PRWRU SDUD UHDOL]DU D VXD SULQFLSDO IXQ¾R SURGX]LU HQHUJLD H FDORU 'HVGH M¼ DJUDGHFHPRV » (QHUJHWXV D GLVSRQLELOLGDGH H DEHUWXUD GHPRQV WUDGDV SDUD D UHDOL]D¾R GHVWH WHVWH 2 REMHWLYR GR WHVWH IRL FRPR DWU¼V VH GLVVH SDVVDU GH XP SHUÈRGR GH PX GDQÂD GH ÎOHR GH D KRUDV FRP R ÎOHR DWÄ DÈ XWLOL]DGR SDUD DV KRUDV 2 WHVWH IRL UHDOL]DGR HQWUH RXWX XP PRWRU 'HXW] 7%* 9 . FRQKH FLGR SRU GHYLGR DR OLPLWDGR YROXPH GR F¼UWHU FHUFD GH OLWURV VHU EDV WDQWH H[LJHQWH TXDQWR » TXDOLGDGH GR OXEULƬFDQWH
3HGUR 9LHLUD /XEULJUXSR
'XUDQWH HVWH SHUÈRGR IRUDP IHLWDV GXDV PXGDQÂDV GH ÎOHR D SULPHLUD »V KRUDV DLQGD KDYHULD YHVWÈJLRV GR ÎOHR DQWHULRU H D VHJXQGD »V KR (VWD HYROX¾R QR FDVR GD 0RELO IRL
ELRJ¼V DXPHQWDQGR DR PHVPR WHP
UDV (VWH WHVWH IRL VHJXLGR DWUDYÄV GH
HYLGHQFLDGD DWUDYÄV GR ODQÂDPHQ
SR R LQWHUYDOR GH PXGDQÂD GR ÎOHR
DQ¼OLVHV UHJXODUHV DR ÎOHR GR PRWRU
WR QR PHUFDGR GH DOJXQV ÎOHRV TXH
3DUD D GRFXPHQWDU HVWDV HYROX
WURX[HUDP GH XP PRGR JHUDO XPD
ÂÐHV IRUDP UHDOL]DGRV DOJXQV WHVWHV
JUDQGH HYROX¾R QD ORQJHYLGDGH DWLQ
TXH HP VHJXLGD GRFXPHQWDPRV
UHDOL]DGDV QR ODERUDWÎULR 6LJQXP GD ([[RQ0RELO HP 5RWHUG¾R $WUDYÄV GRV UHVXOWDGRV GDV DQ¼OL VHV IRL REVHUYDGR R VHJXLQWH
JLGD GHYLGR »V EDVHV XWLOL]DGDV VHQGR TXH QXP GRV QRYRV ÎOHRV WDPEÄP IRL GHPRQVWUDGR TXH R FRQVXPR GH FRP
(YROX¾R GD YLVFRVLGDGH DR ORQJR
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GR WHVWH YHULƬFRX VH TXH D YLVFRVL
EXVWÈYHO WDPEÄP IRL PHOKRUDGR )RL LJXDOPHQWH ODQÂDGR XP QRYR SURGXWR
7HVWH GH SHUIRUPDQFH
GDGH VH PDQWHYH VHPSUH GHQWUR GRV
TXH WHP FRPR SULQFLSDO FDUDWHUÈVWL
)RL UHDOL]DGR XP WHVWH QXP PRWRU D
OLPLWHV GD 0:0 H Q¾R H[FHGHX F6W
FD GLPLQXLU R SUREOHPD GD GHSRVL¾R
J¼V QDWXUDO SDUD GHPRQVWUDU D SRVVLEL
GH GLIHUHQÂD HQWUH R YDORU LQLFLDO H R
GR VLOÈFLR QR LQWHULRU GD F½PDUD GH
OLGDGH GH VH SURORQJDU D PXGDQÂD GH
YDORU ƬQDO HP DPEDV DV FDUJDV GH ÎOHR
FRPEXVW¾R H GR SLVW¾R GRV PRWRUHV
ÎOHR GH XP PRWRU D J¼V FRP XP ÎOHR
D WUDEDOKDUHP FRP J¼V GH DWHUUR H
GH WHFQRORJLD GLIHUHQWH SHUPLWLQGR
1LWUD¾R H R[LGD¾R s WHQGÅQFLDV REVHUYDGDV DR ORQJR GR WHVWH Ǟ
9HULƬFRX VH TXH D QLWUD¾R DR ORQ JR GR SHUÈRGR GH WHVWH HVWHYH
9LVFRVLGDGH DR ORQJR GR SHUÈRGR GH WHVWH
.LQHPDWLF YLVFRVLW\ DW &
60
especial › lubrificantes
EUR GH H RXWXEUR GH FRP
VHPSUH PXLWR DEDL[R GR OLPLWH UH FRPHQGDGR SHOD 0:0
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3RU RXWUR ODGR YHULƬFRX VH TXH D R[LGD¾R DR ORQJR GR SHUÈRGR GH WHVWH IRL VHPSUH DXPHQWDQGR
9 &
SDUD YDORUHV SUÎ[LPRV GR OLPLWH
/LPLWH VXSHULRU 0:0
UHFRPHQGDGR SHOD 0:0 HPERUD QXQFD R DWLQJLQGR
/LPLWH LQIHULRU 0:0
Ǟ
2EVHUYRX VH QD SULPHLUD FDUJD GH 0RELO 3HJDVXV XP DXPHQWR
PXGD
PXGD
+RUDV GR PRWRU
PDLV U¼SLGR GD R[LGD¾R HP UHOD¾R DR VXFHGLGR QD FDUJD (VWH IDFWR
)OXLGRV IULJRULJÄQHRV SDUD TXDQGR XPD VROX¾R GHƬQLWLYD"
M
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nota técnica
125
2 DTXHFLPHQWR JOREDO GR SODQHWD Ä GDV SUHRFXSDÂÐHV PDLV SUHPHQWHV GDV RUJDQL]DÂÐHV GH SURWH¾R DPELHQWDO H GR FOLPD ¤ FRQVLGHUDGR XP GRV IDWRUHV TXH PDLV WHP FRQWULEXÈGR SDUD DV DOWHUDÂÐHV FOLPDWÄULFDV H GHVVH PRGR WDPEÄP DVVRFLDGR DR DXPHQWR GH FDW¼VWURIHV GH RULJHP QDWXUDO H DQWUÎSLFD
,03/,&$¢°(6 '26 )/8,'26 )5,*25,*¤1(26 12 $0%,(17( (VWHV ƮXLGRV VHPSUH WLYHUDP P¼ IDPD M¼ QD GÄFDGD GH RLWHQWD IRUDP WRPDGDV PHGLGDV SDUD D UHGX¾R GD SURGX¾R H XWLOL]D¾R SRLV KDYLD XPD UHOD¾R HQWUH R VHX XVR H D GHJUDGD¾R GD FDPDGD GR R]RQR 3DUD PHOKRU SHUFHEHU HVWDV SUREOH P¼WLFDV DPELHQWDLV UHODFLRQDGDV FRP D OLEHUWD¾R GH ƮXLGRV IULJRULJÄQHRV SDUD D DWPRVIHUD Ä QHFHVV¼ULR LQWURGX]LU GRLV FRQFHLWRV Ǟ
2'3 VLJOD LQJOHVD 2]RQH 'HSOHWLQJ 3RWHQWLDO pSRWHQFLDO GH HPSREUHFLPHQWR GR
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R]RQRq WHQFLDO GH DTXHFLPHQWR JOREDOq R SRWHQFLDO GH DTXHFLPHQWR FOLP¼WLFR GH XP J¼V FRP HIHLWR GH HVWXID SRU FRPSDUD¾R FRP R GR GLÎ[LGR GH FDUERQR &2 FDOFXODGR HP WHUPRV GH UHOD¾R HQWUH RV SRWHQFLDLV GH DTXHFLPHQWR GH XP TXLORJUDPD GH J¼V FRP HIHLWR GH HVWXID H GH XP TXLORJUDPD GH &2 QXP SHUÈ RGR GH DQRV
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GDV DÂÐHV GH SURWH¾R DPELHQWDO H GR
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PDOPHQWH D FXUWR SUD]R HVVH WLSR GH
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PHGLGDV WHP LPSOLFDÂÐHV QR GHVHPSH
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QKR GDV HFRQRPLDV H SRU LVVR D DGR¾R
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J GH 5 $ HP WHUPRV GH DTXHFLPHQWR JOREDO SURYRFD R PHVPR GDQR TXH
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