CONTENTS The Pantone Colour System Hierarchy Within Design Complementary Colours Picas, Points & Pixels The Anatomy Of A Typeface RGB & CMYK Colour Models Subtractive & Additive Colour Modes Tracking & Kerning Fonts & Typefaces Applying Typography To Grids
1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-20
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01
The Pantone Colour System
If you want to work with colour in a design, it has to be SYSTEMATIC. The Pantone Colour System is a Universal Colour System. The Pantone Code is the CHROMATIC VALUE of a colour. By standardising the colours, different manufacturers in different locations can all refer to the Pantone System to make sure colours match.
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02
Hierarchy Within Design
Learn to understand the very basics of HIERARCHY to creat good typography.
We can control the way typography is read through the use of hierarchy. When the hierarchy is used closer together, it makes it harder to read and make sense of. Through TRIAL & ERROR, you can make the eye move around the page in a structured and organised manner.
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03
Complementary Colours
COMPLEMENTARY COLOURS should be carefully considered within design. Complementary colours are the colours that are situated opposite to one another on the colour wheel. When complementary colours on the colour wheel are placed next to each other, they make one another appear brighter and more intense, which affects the READABILITY and can hurt your eyes.
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04
Picas, Points & Pixels
PICAS, POINTS & PIXELS are important terms used within Graphic Design.
PICAS are a unit of MEASUREMENT, used to measure typography. There are 6 picas in an inch and 12 points in a pica. A POINT is the smallest unit of measurement within a pica. PIXELS are square elements that are used to create an image. Pixels are measured in inches (pixels per inch/ppi).
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05
The Anatomy Of A Typeface
TYPEFACE ANATOMY describes the elements that make up printed letters. The STROKES of a letter are the lines that make it up. Strokes may be straight, rounded, horizontal, vertical, diagonal , open or closed. If a stroke ends with a serif, it is a SERIF font. SANS SERIF fonts don't have serifs at terminals. Some designs also have SPURS, which are smaller than serifs.
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06
RGB & CMYK Colour Models
RGB = Red, Green and Blue. CMYK = Cyan, Magenta, Yellow & Key.
The RGB colour model is an additive colour model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to produce colours ON SCREEN. The CMYK colour model is a subtractive colour model in which cyan, magenta, yellow and black are are added together to produce colours when PRINTING.
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07
Subtractive & Additive Colour Modes
SUBTRACTIVE COLOURS
ADDITIVE COLOURS
SUBTRACTIVE COLOURS are created with CMYK. ADDITIVE COLOURS use RGB. When mixing inks together using CMYK, you create SUBTRACTIVE colours. This will start with a lighter colour and result in something darker through mixing. ADDITIVE colours are created when you start with a darker RGB colour and mix until you create white. Additive colours are created from lights, eg LCD screens.
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08
Tracking & Kerning
TRACKING and KERNING affects the readability of a design.
Kerning.
n. The result of improper kerning.
TRACKING DECREASES THE D E N S I T Y.
TRACKING starts to pull all the letters and spaces AWAY from one another along their baseline, which affects the density in a line or within a block of text. KERNING is quite the opposite. Kerning starts to pull the letters themselves TOWARDS one another along the baseline, creating less space.
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Fonts & Typefaces
A FONT isn't about letterforms, it's about all the alphaneumerics and glyphs. A TYPEFACE is a collection of characters, letters, numbers, symbols, punctuation, etc which all have the same distinct design. A FONT is the physical means used to create a typeface. A full font allows you to work with the entire glyphs, accents, punctuation etc of the western language.
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Applying Typography To Grids
The NARROWER a column is, the SMALLER the typeface.
FLUSH to the top limit of the column grid. The last line must STAND on the bottom limit. GRID FIELDS allow various sizes of illustrations/text boxes to be portrayed. You can use with or without text. You need to have a good perception of COMPOSITION
BY ROXXIE BLACKHAM