Sparks summer 2015 by SNG Publishing

Essential Reading for Apprentice Electricians

MAGAZINE YOUR COURSE COMPANION Terms 5&6 Summer Issue 2015

Price: £2.00

www.sparks-magazine.co.uk for news, reviews and competitions

NATION

COMPET headlin

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sor

WINNE

R’S INT SEE PA ERVIEW GE 8

IN THIS ISSUE...  LEVELS 2 & 3 COURSE TOPICS COVERED  REVIEW OF THE 2015 MEGGER

Candidate Name:

NATIONAL APPRENTICE COMPETITION Headline Sponsor

Silver Sponsor

PLUS EAL ASK IF YOU’RE READY FOR THE 17TH EDITION 3RD AMENDMENT ON PAGE 12 & DON’T MISS OUR REVIEW OF THE MERCEDES SPRINTER 313 CDI VAN ON PAGE 10

Course:

College:

CONTENTS

Essential Reading for Apprentice Electricians

MAGAZINE YOUR COURSE COMPANION Terms 5&6 Summer Issue 2015

Price: £2.00

WHAT’S IN THIS ISSUE OF

www.sparks-magazine.co.uk for news, reviews and competitions

sponsor

R’S INT SEE PAG ERVIEW E8

IN THIS ISSUE...  LEVELS 2 & 3 COURSE TOPICS COVERED  REVIEW OF THE 2015 MEGGER

PAGE

headline

WINNE

PAGE

NATI

COMPETITONAL ION ‘15

Candidate Name:

NATIONAL APPRENTICE COMPETITION Headline Sponsor

Silver Sponsor

PLUS

Course:

College:

EAL ASK IF YOU’RE READY FOR THE 17TH EDITION 3RD AMENDMENT ON PAGE 12 & DON’T MISS OUR REVIEW OF THE MERCEDES SPRINTER 313 CDI VAN ON PAGE 10

Advertising Sue Catt sue.catt@sng-publishing.co.uk Technical Contributor Mike Davies Electrical Engineer & Lecturer

SYLLABUS

FEATURES

PRINCIPLES & PRACTICES FOR TESTING ELECTRO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS 2 SAFE ISOLATION OF POWER SUPPLIES PERIODIC INSPECTION & TESTING PERIODIC INSPECTION & TESTING 2 AC / DC MOTORS ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS INITIAL VERIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS ELECTRIC CERTIFICATION CONNECTING ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS PERIODIC INSPECTION & TESTING - FAULTS ELECTRICAL SCIENCE & PRINCIPLES REVISION ELECTRIC MOTORS

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FOCUS ON DYSLEXIA NATIONAL COMPETITION SPONSORS NATIONAL APPRENTICE OF THE YEAR 2015 GRAND FINAL REVIEW SPARKS INTERVIEW WITH COMPETITION WINNER - MATT CROSS MERCEDES SPRINTER 313 CDI REVIEW 17TH EDITION 3RD AMENDMENT FROM EAL NICEIC’S JOBS FOR THE GIRLS CAMPAIGN TOOL TIPS FROM WERA TOOLS MAKE INSTALLATIONS SIMPLER WITH SPACER CONNECT TM TRADE DIRECT REVIEW INSURANCES KNIPEX - HAND TOOLS YOU CAN RELY ON

REGULARS

02 49

NEWS PRODUCTS & SERVICES

Celia Matthews celia.matthews@ sng-publishing.co.uk

Printers

Publisher

Woodford Litho Ltd England

General Enquiries

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Editor Carlie Cohen editor@sng-publishing.co.uk

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Note from the Well it’s certainly been an exciting few months here at Sparks! One of the most important things for us is encouraging the electricians of the future and we’ve been mightily impressed by the calibre of apprentices that we’ve seen throughout this year’s Megger National Apprentice Electrician of the Year competition. A huge thanks goes to all of the fantastic colleges and venues that have hosted us in such a welcoming manner. We’ve been delighted by the industry support for the competition, and we’re very thankful to all of our sponsors and manufacturers who have supported us

throughout the events. Have a look on pages 6 and 8 to find out all about the competition and this year’s winner. If you didn’t win this year, or didn’t enter it’s definitely worth considering for 2016! Not failing to disappoint, this issue is packed with industry news and exercises to help support you in line with your syllabus. Make sure that you’re following us on Facebook www.facebook.com/sparksmag and add us on Twitter @sparksmagazine. And don’t forget to enter our Sparks Freebie Friday competitions each week for some fantastic prizes!

Carlie Cohen

Lecturers and students can find the answers to exercises by visiting the SPARKS website, www.sparks-magazine.co.uk

LIKE US ON...

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twitter.com/sparksmagazine SPARKS Magazine / 1

INDUSTRY NEWS

BOHS LAUNCH BREATHE FREELY INITIATIVE BOHS, the Chartered Society for Worker Health Protection, has launched a Breathe Freely in partnership with Constructing Better Health, Land Securities and Mace - an initiative to prevent occupational lung disease in the construction industry. Targeted specifically at managers and site supervisors within the construction industry, the aim is to raise awareness of the problem of lung disease within the construction industry and effect action by providing practical solutions. Visit www.breathefreely.org.uk

INDUSTRY

SCOLMORE FLOW RANGE HITS NEW HEIGHTS Scolmore has committed its support to a very worthwhile cause, when products from its Click Flow range were installed at the brand new Kent Multiple Sclerosis Centre in Canterbury. A combination of Flow junction boxes, ceiling rose connectors and fast fit cord grips have been installed above every suspended ceiling in the new centre. The Kent MS Therapy Centre is a self-supporting charity aimed at improving quality of life for people with Multiple Sclerosis. Funding for the Centre comes from donations, from members of the public, businesses and institutions and fundraising is a constant struggle. Visit www.scolmore.com

NEWS Read the full story in the news section of www.sparks-magazine.co.uk

MORE FIRMS TURN TO NICEIC & ELECSA

EXPO GEARS UP AS NAPIT ANNOUNCE THEIR SUPPORTING PARTNERS NAPIT Trade Association have revealed more details of NAPIT EXPO… On the Road - as Amendment 3 to BS 7671 comes into effect, with support and guidance on the changes to methods of reporting, scheduling and installing to the new standards. Confirmed exhibitors include Megger and TradePoint, alongside NAPIT’s specialist membership service providers, including Calibration, Electrical Wholesale, Insurance and Training. Visitors can also discover must have equipment and services subject to exclusive on-the-day offers, as well as free giveaways, prize draws and a bundle of useful information to take away. Email tradeshow@napit.org.uk for more info.

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More and more electrical contractors are turning to NICEIC and ELECSA for registration to help build their business. In excess of 18,000 firms are now registered as an Approved Contractor with NICEIC. Certsure, which operates the NICEIC and ELECSA brands, now maintains a total roll of more than 33,000 registered contractors (including Part P registered domestic installers). Additionally, NICEIC and ELECSA registered contractors now rate the service provided by Certsure at an impressive 8.4 out of 10. Just under 95% also rate the technical advice received as excellent. For more info, check out www.certsure.com

TRUSTMARK AND AGE UK TEAM UP Anxiety surrounding finding trustworthy tradespeople is leaving older people across the country struggling with home repairs. TrustMark has revealed that 23% of 65+ year olds don’t know where to find information and are not confident when it comes to choosing a tradesman. TrustMark has teamed up with Age UK to provide the new TrustMark directory on Age UK’s website to help older people and their families choose from a selection of vetted traders in their area. Visit www.ageuk.org.uk/ trustmark for more info.

UKAS AWARDS BASEC ISO ACCREDITATION The British Approvals Service for Cables (BASEC), has extended its United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) accreditations to include ISO/IEC 17025:2005, an international standard that specifies the competence and quality management system requirements for laboratories that provide testing and calibration services. ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accreditation is one of the highest levels of recognised quality any testing or calibration laboratory can attain. Laboratories that are accredited to this international standard must have demonstrated that they are staffed, equipped, technically competent and able to produce precise and repeatable test and / or calibration data. For more info visit: www.basec.org.uk

SPECIAL REPORT

TEN FACTS ABOUT DYSLEXIA

JUST A WORD… Have you always struggled with reading and writing and find you need more time than others in exams? Read on, help may be at hand… The facts

Getting tested

Do you have problems remembering instructions? Do you often write letters and figures the wrong way round and have difficulties with spelling? Do you have poor concentration? If the answer is yes to these questions, you could have dyslexia.

Unfortunately, dyslexia isn’t always picked up at secondary school level. By the time students with learning difficulties go on to further or higher education, their confidence can be low. They know they have a reading / writing problem and don’t know what can be done about it.

It’s a big problem as 10% of the population in the UK are dyslexic, with 4% being severely affected. Dyslexia is a subject that has caused much debate over the years. The first descriptions – from over a hundred years ago – used the term ‘word blindness’, reflecting the view that difficulties in reading were caused by problems in visual perception. It was not until the 1970s that the role of language processing was recognised and only in the last 20 years it has been accepted as the primary feature of dyslexia. Sadly, in the past people suffering from dyslexia were often labelled as ‘slow’, ‘thick’ or ‘lazy’ – this simply isn’t true. You might be surprised to learn that Alexander Graham Bell, Michael Faraday, Winston Churchill, Hans Christian Andersen and Albert Einstein were all dyslexic.

DID YOU KNOW People who train to be electricians are likely to have a higher than average chance of being dyslexic. This is because dyslexics often enjoy and excel at solving puzzles – one of the traits that is a mark of a good electrician.

If you suspect you may be dyslexic, you will need to talk to someone at the college who deals with learning support. They will be able to give you advice and may be able to arrange a screening test. Unfortunately, full Diagnostic Assessments, which are carried out by psychologists, are not funded by the NHS and can be expensive, costing hundreds of pounds.

What help is available? It has been proven that if students suffering with dyslexia are given extra time in exams, they can attain higher results. Your college may be able to offer you Access Arrangements, which will give you additional help, including extra time. To qualify for an Access Arrangement the student must have an assessment of their reading, writing and other skills that show they have dyslexia. Help is also available in the form of computer software, including voice recognition and text to speech applications. Coloured overlays or question papers printed on coloured paper can be beneficial, as well as changing the colour of the font used.

 The word dyslexia is derived from the Greek word ‘dys’ (meaning poor or inadequate) plus ‘lexis’ (words or language).  Dyslexia is a unique mindset that is often gifted and productive but learns differently than other minds.  Dyslexia only affects some skills and abilities and is not linked to a person’s general level of intelligence.  Six genes have been identified that may be responsible for the condition, four of which affect the way the brain is formed during early life.  Dyslexia commonly runs in families.  Dyslexics often enjoy and excel at solving puzzles.  Dyslexics have excellent thinking skills in the areas of conceptualisation, reason, imagination and abstraction.  Dyslexics typically have a large spoken vocabulary for their age.  Dyslexics score significantly higher on test when they are given additional time and given the test orally.  Dyslexia is by far the most common learning disability.

Further information You can find out more about dyslexia from the British Dyslexia Association. Their website is full of information for students and educators. There is also a section, which offers practical help including free software resources and webinars. Dyscalculia (specific learning difficulty for mathematics) is also covered. www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/ educator

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NATIONAL COMPETITION

HIDDEN BENEFITS Many of the benefits of being an apprentice are pretty obvious, but others are a bit more subtle. Think about test kit, for example. As an apprentice, you’ll have the benefit of learning how to use this to produce results that you – and ultimately your company’s customers – can rely on.

plough through complicated menus to find functions you use quite often? Do you enjoy squinting at confusing hard-to-read displays? And are you happy to have only a limited range of test options at your disposal?

But it may be less obvious that you’ll also have the opportunity to discover what you want and need from your test kit. Let’s be honest – most instruments will do the job, but some are a lot more convenient than others. Do you really want to

Reliable instruments The best instruments can do much better, with direct access to the functions you need via a simple selector switch, and clear displays with a secondary function so that they can, for example, show the results of an insulation test at the same time as showing you the actual test voltage. They also go beyond the basic functions – for loop testing, for example, they offer not only the usual high-current two-wire and non-trip three-wire options, but also a non-trip two-wire option that’s great for carrying out tests where there’s no neutral available.

And then there’s support. Suppliers of cheaper instruments often make the sale and then walk away, but you need more! Your instrument will need calibrating, and the best person to do that is the manufacturer. Also, you may also need advice on testing, particularly in unusual situations, so it’s useful to know that your instrument manufacturer provides free, reliable technical support. Megger’s advice, therefore, is to make the most of your apprenticeship, not least by thinking carefully about your test equipment.

SCOLMORE GROUP...

HELPING TO SHAPE THE FUTURE Developing new and innovative products that make electrical installation projects quicker and easier to carry out is what Scolmore prides itself on.

We are, therefore, delighted to be getting involved with the UK National Apprentice of the Year scheme and playing our part in developing the talent and skills that will ensure the industry continues to thrive in the future.

electricians who value the flexibility and ‘one-stop solution’ that the comprehensive product range allows. The wiring accessories collection has been developed largely as a modular range based on the large selection of switch modules available in the CLICK Minigrid Module range. The simple, single screw fixing of modules offers the simplest possible means of installing and replacing modules. Click iNELS Radio Frequency Wireless Control System offers a simple and flexible installation option, significant energy savings and easy programming are the key attributes of the system.

Wiring Accessories

Lighting

Click Wiring Accessories remain the number one choice with

Under our OVIA umbrella brand we offer one of the most comprehensive

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ranges of lighting products available from under one roof. These include the Energetic low-energy lamp collection, award-winning Flameguard downlighters and Click Lighting. The latest additions to our lighting ranges include Inceptor Max & Micro - some of the industry’s most sophisticated integrated LED downlights.

Investing in the future We understand the importance of supporting the industry and we are keen to play our part to help the electricians of today and tomorrow to develop their skills and grow their businesses. Visit: www.scolmore.com

NATIONAL COMPETITION

Hitachi Power Tools is proud to inspire the next generation of electrical contractors. Hitachi Power Tools is proud to support and inspire the next generation of electrical contractors and wishes every entrant to the National Apprentice Electrician of the Year the very best of luck. “Having the right tools for the job is important and that’s why Hitachi Power Tools are delighted to be the official power tool supplier to the competition,” explains Simon Miller, Brand Manager. Hitachi Power Tools’ 18V 5.0Ah Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cordless range is tougher, faster and more advanced than any of its predecessors. The 5.0Ah range brings the latest brushless motor and advanced electronic control technology together with high performance Li-ion 5.0Ah batteries. This means up to 200% more run time per charge than 3.0Ah batteries while keeping the same size and weight for the tools.

For more details and information on the tools available for electrical contractors visit www.hitachi-powertools.co.uk, follow us on Twitter @HitachiToolsUK and at Facebook.com/ hitachipowertoolsuk

Trade Direct has been insuring trades and construction individuals and businesses for over 30 years, and insure over 40,000 customers from individuals to businesses with up to 15 employees. With this experience we believe that we know the protection that you need, and can help you save money while protecting yourself. Whether you’re newly qualified and starting out, or running a business – our insurance can help protect you through your career. When you’re starting out, you may want to keep costs down, so we offer our Essentials product which is a quality liability product with public liability limits from £1M to £5M. Our next level of cover Classic includes Professional Indemnity cover as well as £1,000 of tools cover included as standard. Our flagship Plus product further extends cover to include Personal Accident. With a quality product, flexible limits, a range of optional cover options and the ability to pay for your insurance by instalments, we’ve got you covered.

For more information visit: www.tradedirectinsurance.co.uk

World-leading manufacturer Wera specialises in screw-driving tools with global headquarters in Germany and UK HQ in Chesterfield. Wera Tools are for professional, industrial applications and are a solution for problems associated with screw-connections. Wera emotionalises and intrigues users consistently with exceptional product ideas. In practical applications these – with many unique features – result in truly outstanding performance. 100% perfect quality is assured through a continually monitored manufacturing process resulting in near zero complaints. Feedback from users is crucial in their design stages and to make life easier, faster and safer this input is vital. The electrical / plumbing industries are two of the most regulated from safety aspects and Wera can contribute valuable advice and recommendations from nearly 80 years of experience. Wera are very pleased to be sponsoring and continuing their support of The National Apprentice of the Year Awards because it gives the company a chance to have a responsible and productive input into the wellbeing of our country’s upcoming plumbers and electricians.

For more info information visit www.wera-tools.co.uk

SPARKS Magazine / 5

NATIONAL COMPETITION

NATIONAL APPRENTICE OF THE YEAR 2015 The nationwide hunt for 2015 MEGGER SPARKS Apprentice Electrician of the Year is over and we can now reveal the winner! After months of regional heats, the two-day final of the competition took place on 19 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 20 May at Birmingham Electrical Training. It was a tough contest, but Matt Cross nailed the title. Matt studies at Petroc College and is studying Level 3 in electrical installation.

THE FINALISTS

Congratulations to the seven finalists who took part, it was a closely fought competition and they should all feel proud of themselves. They all received a special cut glass trophy, a certificate of achievement, a range of tools donated by Knipex, a Stabila spirit level and tape measure, Wera screwdrivers and a number of testers donated by MEGGER.

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(L to R:) JOSEPH HIRST - New College Durham, MATT CROSS - Petroc College, ADAM CROOK-RUMSEY - Stephenson College, ROSS PIKE - Petroc College, Tiverton, CHRISTOPHER POWELL - Leeds College of Building, LUKE SHIELD - Lakes College West Cumbria and SHANE GREENAWAY - Uxbridge College, pictured with Lee Baker from Megger

NATIONAL COMPETITION

A close runner up, Christopher Powell from Leeds College of Building, took away a brand new Beer Cooler, generously donated by CLICK Scolmore.

JUDGING

The outright winner was overwhelmed with his reward. A stunned Matt went away with almost £2,000 worth of tools and prizes. Certainly worth all the work in the end! MEGGER awarded Matt with a brand new multifunctional tester. He was also given a Hitachi powertool kit, and a Knipex toolbag. (We’ll be checking eBay Matt!) Commenting on his win, Matt said: “This is a life changing win for me. Not many people ever win the national competition so I am so proud to be taking away the winning trophy.”

The sponsors The competition is in its sixth year and is sponsored by MEGGER, CLICK Scolmore, Trade Direct Insurance, Hitachi Power Tools and Wera Tools. Thank you to all of our sponsors for their support and generosity. Thanks also go to all the manufacturers that kindly donated products to be used within the heats. Our product sponsors this year were Schneider Electric, BASEC, Dimplex and Wylex.

Comment from the organiser, Celia Matthews: “This is a great competition. The skills level has greatly improved on last year. We will continue to partner with innovative suppliers and to reach out to as many colleges as possible, to ensure we become recognised as the number one electrical competition within the Industry.”

NATIONAL APPRENTICE OF THE YEAR 2016 This time next year, it could be YOU taking away a haul of fantastic prizes. Don’t forget to check future issues of SPARKS Magazine for details of the 2016 competition. Details will also be posted on www.sparks-magazine.co.uk nearer the time.

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NATIONAL COMPETITION

NATIONAL COMPETITION WINNER Matt Cross is the Megger Apprentice of the Year 2015. SPARKS: What made you think about entering?

SPARKS: How did you get on with the other contestants?

MATT: All of us on the course were allowed to enter an in-house competition so that our lecturer could choose someone for the SPARKS competition. We are all really switched on and passed all of our exams and that’s how I found out about the competition.

MATT: I got on well with the other lads. It was really good fun and I think everyone enjoyed the event. There was a great atmosphere there. I am competitive but I don’t really show it. I will always work hard and challenge myself to be better, but I’d be the first to congratulate someone if they did won. Fair play.

SPARKS: How did you cope with completing the task in the given time?

NAME: Matt Cross AGE: 20 years old COURSE: Level 3 Electrical Installation COLLEGE: Petroc College

MATT: I think the SPARKS competition is really good as you are given plenty of time to get the task completed, so you can pace yourself. I have always been taught that the quality of my work is more important than speed. I finished an hour early at the regionals and I had an hour or so to spare at the finals.

LECTURERS: Chris Baker and Keith Sampson

SPARKS: What attracted you to a career in the electrical industry? MATT: My dad is an air conditioning and refrigeration engineer and knows a lot about electrical engineering. I used to work with my dad when I was younger. He has taught me a lot over the years. My grandad and my uncle both encouraged me to learn a trade. SPARKS: How did you manage to get an apprenticeship? MATT: I live in the countryside and there are a lot of farmers here that I know. I worked on the farms during my summer holidays and then I was offered an apprenticeship. We do a lot of work on farms, industrial work, theme parks etc. SPARKS: Is this the first skills competition you have entered? MATT: Yes, this is the first national competition I’ve entered.

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R E N WIN 15 20

SPARKS: What did your lecturer think of your achievement? MATT: He was over the moon! Really, really excited. The old man is really proud of me too. It means a lot to be able to make him proud. Tony Cable said that I can take this achievement with me for the rest of my life. SPARKS: Who did you call first to let them know you won? MATT: I phoned my dad. He told my mum and my sister that I didn’t win but that I had done okay, so when I arrived home with the winner’s trophy and all the prizes they were really excited!

NATIONAL COMPETITION SPARKS: How did you feel when your name was announced as the winner? MATT: I was fairly confident that I had done well. I made sure that I had cut everything to the right sizes and that the dimensions were correct. I had done the best I could do so I was over the moon when my name was called out. SPARKS: What were your first thoughts when you saw the prize? MATT: You could see that the sponsors had been really generous with the prizes. I really appreciate the tools. They are all really good quality and it will help me with the work I’m doing. One day I would like to start my own business and this will help me.

This year’s national apprentice final was hosted by the team at Birmingham Electrical Training (BET). Currently BET supports over 180 apprentices and works with 120 local electrical contractors. BET is a leading provider of electrical installation training. Here’s why... Birmingham Electrical Training was founded in 1991 by a group of local electrical contractors as an organisation dedicated to assisting young people in the West Midlands, gain access to the electrical industry. They also set out to provide local electrical contractors with a dedicated, high quality, apprenticeship training provider. John Sims is the Managing Director of BET. John has worked in the electrical industry since leaving school at the age of 15 to start his apprenticeship, back in 1968. Since then, John has built a strong team of tutors and training officers at BET who hold a wealth of electrical knowledge. All the tutors have worked within the electrical industry and have a passion for training the next generation of electricians. They fully support the apprentices throughout their apprenticeships, and go above and beyond their role to ensure the apprentices reach their targets.

SPARKS: What would you say to students thinking of entering next year’s competition? MATT: I would say that they should definitely enter the competition. Not everyone is given the chance to enter. Plus it will give you a target to work towards and even if you don’t win, you can reflect on where you went wrong and then challenge yourself to get it right next time. It makes you a better electrician and your skills will improve as you have something to aim for. It’s a great competition.

It is John’s vision that he will continue to steer BET to guarantee future generations of electricians, whilst also assisting them in keeping up-to-date with new electrical qualifications. If you are based in the West Midlands and are looking for training, or wish to take on an apprentice, give BET a call on 0121 616 0700. Alternatively check them out online at: www.birminghamelectricaltraining.co.uk

SPARKS: What have you got out of this experience (besides the prize!) MATT: It’s been life changing! Only one person will win the competition each year, so only a few achieve it. When I see my picture in SPARKS Magazine then I’ll know that I’ve done it! SPARKS: What’s your ambition for the future? MATT: I will see how it goes and what sort of work is available. I have a lot of good contacts so I don’t think I will be short of work. I find working in this industry really rewarding.

SPARKS Magazine / 9 (L-R Back): Lee Baker - Megger, Jack Sims - BET, John Sims - BET, Lee Taylor - Click Scolmore. (L-R Front): Simon Brown - BASEC, Sue Sims - BET, Tony Cable - NICEIC

SPARKS Magazine / 9

VAN REVIEW

VAN REVIEW: MERCEDES SPRINTER 313 CDI LONG WHEELBASE, HIGH ROOF The Sprinter is big news in van circles; in fact it seems that every other large van on British roads has the three-pointed star logo fitted to the front and back. Words: Martyn Collins The fact that Mercedes has shifted over a quarter of a million of them in the UK alone, seems to bear out this theory, but why is the Sprinter such a hit and why should you consider it? To find out, we’ve been driving the Sprinter 313 CDI, in long wheelbase, high roof configuration, with a sixspeed manual gearbox.

Outside and in! Let’s start with the exterior; that massive grille, badge and headlights are unmistakably Mercedes. Plus, in long wheelbase, high roof form, the Sprinter is quite a chunk of van - especially in profile. Yes, it’s more function than style, but those hefty bumpers and that thick rubbing strip

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down the side, look as though they mean business and will resist minor bumps with ease. Move inside the Sprinter and the first thing you’ll notice is that despite the height, this large van is very easy to get in and out of. Once seated, although it’s a sizeable van, you don’t feel overwhelmed in the cabin. For a start, the width of the cabin means there is plenty of leg and shoulder room, the controls and switchgear are logically placed and then there’s the driver’s seat, which is comfortable, supportive and has plenty of adjustment. Finally, the dash-mounted gear lever falls easily to hand. There are even five, yes five, cup holders dotted around the interior, so plenty of places to hold those well-deserved cups of tea or coffee!

Quality interior Once you’ve found a comfortable driving position, you’ll appreciate the quality of the Sprinter’s interior. For its £32,964 price, this Mercedes van doesn’t feel particularly luxurious; we felt optional items such as £593 worth of air-conditioning should really be standard. Want to spend more? Well, there are plenty of options, such as Becker MAP PILOT sat-nav to help you do so. Still, what you might lack in standard equipment, you more than make up for with the list of standard safety kit. Included are the expected airbags, ESP traction control and ABS brakes. Plus, the Sprinter has added extra clever features including Crosswind Assist, which stops it from rolling over in a sudden sideways gust. The Crosswind

VAN REVIEW Assist definitely works, as we had first-hand experience of it during our test period. Equipment aside, you will appreciate the switchgear, plastics plus the general fit and finish, which all feels a cut above rivals, such as Fiat Ducato and the Iveco Daily.

A comfortable ride With its independent suspension at the front and leaf spring at the back, the Sprinter feels secure with plenty of grip in corners. Whether loaded or unloaded, this big Mercedes van has an impressively comfortable and refined ride too. With 6945mm of long wheelbase length, reversing this Sprinter takes practice, but again those mirrors come into play. It’s a relief then, that they’re electrically adjustable and heated.

The load area itself, which is big enough between the arches to squeeze a couple of Europallets in, features wood flooring that looks both durable and hard wearing.

Performance

Hit the road and despite the length of this long wheelbase version, the precise steering together with its unexpectedly short turning circle, makes this Mercedes van particularly manoeuvrable. We were surprised at how easy it was to drive this Sprinter down tight roads with parked cars on either side. Although in corners, don’t forget this van’s extra length and we would advise keeping a close look at the back through those large split wing mirrors.

Considering how big and boxy this Sprinter’s body is, the proven, 129bhp, 2.1-litre turbo-diesel engine is impressively versatile, because it gives all 305Nm of torque at up to 2,400 rpm. It means this Sprinter is more willing from low revs than you’d expect. Plus, because of all the torque, you find yourself using the slick, dash-mounted gear change less. This is a big van and even with the 2,480kg kerb weight, we think the claimed 35.3 mpg unloaded combined figure is quite impressive. Although with heavy loads such as some piping, a bathroom suite or even some bricks, we don’t think it would take much for this figure to drop below 30mpg.

But the most important question all you electricians are asking, is how easy is it to get all my kit in the back of this Sprinter? In terms of doors, there’s the expected two at the back, although conveniently they can be folded through 270-degrees and our test van had the optional rear step. It should really be standard, in our opinion, but instead it seemed like £109 well spent – especially if you’re going to be spending a lot of time loading and unloading. If those rear doors aren’t practical enough, there’s a left hand sliding door, which we reckon will be very welcome when loading.

In conclusion... So, can all the British buyers be wrong choosing a Sprinter? No, because although being expensive in long wheelbase, high roof form, this Mercedes van is a great all-rounder with an enviable reputation. The Sprinter can wear its three-pointed star with pride.

SPECIFICATIONS: Power: 129bhp Weight (GVW): 3,500 – 5,500kg Payload: 1,145kg Overall height: 2,720mm

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ADVERTORIAL

ARE YOU READY FOR THE 17TH EDITION 3RD AMENDMENT?

been available for centres since January 2015 because we wanted to give our customers as much time as possible to get everything ready for July 2015 when the new regulations come into force.

Interview with Kevin Sparrow, EAL Product Specialist

Will the materials be different?

The third amendment of the IET Wiring Regulations Seventeenth Edition comes into force in July 2015.

Who supports this qualification?

With the industry moving towards better regulation and safer practices, EAL is offering a new 17th Amendment qualification in order to ensure that EAL accredited centres, and their learners, are at the forefront of developments in the sector. We spoke to Kevin Sparrow, Product Specialist at EAL to find out what you need to know and do to ensure that you are up to date with the latest requirements.

What does the new qualification cover? We pride ourselves on being able to modify and modernise whenever the need arises. This EAL qualification covers the full content of the IET Wiring Regulations Seventeenth Edition, and gives learners and educators an understanding of how it should be applied. It provides learners with a facility for working in the electrotechnical sector to enhance their knowledge of the requirements for electrical installations. I recently did a live webinar with Tony Cable from NICEIC to go through the details of the 3rd Amendment, which is now available on YouTube. The video gives a great summary of all the key changes.

12 / SPARKS Magazine

The feedback has been really positive, and we are seeing large numbers of our customers adding the new qualification to their remit.

We have made sure that all the materials have been updated in accordance with the latest regulations and made as user-friendly as possible, so those who have worked with the current materials should be pleasantly surprised.

You can find it on EALâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s YouTube page: www.youtube.com/EALAwards

Will learners need to re-take their courses? If learners have completed the current qualification there is no need to re-take the course as this is simply an amendment, not a complete change of direction.

This qualification has been developed in close consultation with colleges, training associations and industry to ensure that it meets the needs of the sector and the learners. It is endorsed by Certsure and a number of post-16 providers. It is also accredited by Ofqual at Level 3 on Qualifications & Credit Framework (QCF).

EAL always designs our qualifications according to the latest specifications and industry practice to ensure that a qualification that people take with us will stay valid through any foreseeable changes in the landscape.

Basically, if you have an EAL qualification covering the 17th Edition under your belt, you will be fine. If you have any concerns about the qualification that you have taken, the best thing to do is to call EALâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s customer services team on 01923 652400. They will be happy to help you.

When is the new qualification available? EAL was first off the blocks to offer a new qualification for the 3rd Amendment. The qualification has

Finally, what is the full title of the new qualification? The new qualification title is EAL Level 3 Award in Requirements for Electrical Installations BS 7671: 2008 (2015) (QCF) 601/5321/0 and it can be found on our website http://www.eal.org.uk

ADVERTORIAL

THE CHANGING FACE OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR According to a recent poll of employers in the construction sector there has been a marked increase in the number of women working in traditionally male jobs within the past twelve months. The message tallies with NICEIC’s view that more and more women are now starting to breakthrough into the electrical contracting industry. NICEIC is the UK’s leading voluntary regulatory body for the electrical contracting industry. It has been assessing the electrical competence of electricians for over fifty years and currently maintains a roll of over 26,000 registered contractors.

Four years on NICEIC believe the results of that campaign are starting to trickle through with more and more women now choosing to take up a career as an electrician. “Thankfully, it would seem attitudes are changing. Building sites today are a very different place today compared to that of ten or even five years ago,” commented Emma Clancy, CEO of NICEIC. “Employers are more aware of their responsibilities and the sexist attitudes that might have existed before are thankfully on the wane. Women are not just filling more roles within the sector but are increasingly taking up management or senior positions. “A career in construction is now being seen as a legitimate path for women.”

THE APPRENTICE SHELLIE O’CONNER, 19 Shellie O’Conner is a 19-year-old hoping to follow in her father’s footsteps and become an electrician. She is currently in the second year of a four year apprenticeship. She combines her studying at Motherwell College with on the job work experience at her employer Amey. “From my perspective most customers are happy to see a female in this trade but there is still a small minority who are shocked to see a woman turn up. “I am a determined person though and people will just have to accept me as I am. I am here to stay and want to succeed. I want to get my qualifications, and use my trade to travel the world. “I am lucky that I have great support behind me. From my family, friends and colleagues at work. I really want to make them proud of me. “I am just starting out but have already learned so much and have got involved with all types of domestic installation from full rewires, kitchen and bathroom work to central heating installs.

In 2011 it set up its Jobs for the Girls campaign to encourage more women to become electricians. Back then, as with many construction related industries at that time, the electrical sector was severely under represented by women. Estimates suggest less than one in every thousand electricians was female.

For more information about the Jobs for the Girls campaign, visit www.jobsforthegirls.com For details about NICEIC visit www.niceic.com

“At first I think some of my male colleagues were sceptical and they watched what they said around me. But I think it would be the same for any new person joining a group. “There is certainly no issue now and I am just accepted as one of the lads. It’s a great environment to work in and I couldn’t ask to work with a nicer bunch of people.”

SPARKS Magazine / 13

TOOL TIPS

TIPS ON

TOOLS When you come to buy yourself some new tools, it can be easy to get swayed by the wrong things. With words like ‘professional’ and ‘quality’ being bandied about by just about every manufacturer, it can sometimes give the false impression that cheap, imported tools are better than they are. Buyers can be misled by products intentionally designed to look similar to better, more expensive alternatives, or by promotions and giveaways that aren’t as good as they first seem.

insulated blade – this means it cannot peel back, ensuring safety and saving money that would need to be spent on replacements. A typical case of you get what you pay for!

So what should you look for? How do you really choose the best tools for your needs?

Look out for innovative features – and we’re not talking gimmicks! Think about how you like to use the tool, and select versions that save you time and effort. For example, sticking with the screwdriver theme, you may choose traditional individual screwdrivers or you might prefer to invest in one of the interchangeable systems on the market. Several are available, usually in pouch sets, with 1 or 2 handles and a selection of interchangeable blades. If you go down this route, check the included blades cover all the types you use most often. If one or two useful ones are missing, if you choose one of the better systems you can usually purchase individual blades to add to the pre-designed kits.

Firstly, the most crucial rule of all – safety, safety, safety! We genuinely cannot stress enough how important this is, particularly for electricians. Make sure your tools are insulated and VDE certified to EN60900:2004 – compliance means tools are tested at 10,000V to guarantee safety at 1,000V. Look out for the VDE mark, which will be printed on all VDE tools. Never buy insulated tools without the VDE logo.

But don’t stop there – demand more from your kit. Some VDE tools are better than others. Taking screwdrivers as an example, most blades are insulated only up to where the handle begins – this makes them susceptible to peeling back, exposing the steel blade – making it immediately too dangerous to use safely. Better quality manufacturers insulate the blade first, taking it up much higher than where the handle will begin, and then manufacture the handle around the

14 / SPARKS Magazine

Genuine quality The saying ‘Too good to be true’ definitely applies when it comes to tools. Whatever you’re looking for, there are bound to be countless versions available – each with their own set of features and quality level, and at massively varying price points. If you’re not feeling particularly flush, it can be easy to head straight for one of the cheapest options. However, this is usually a false economy. Take screwdriver bits, for example – at some outlets you can buy bits by the dozen at incredibly low prices.

These, however, cannot compete with better bits – they aren’t created by leading designers, made with industry-leading manufacturing processes, and they don’t use the same top quality materials. As a result, you can go through up to 5 in one day – with them snapping or shearing off when torque is applied. There is just no point buying cheaply only to have to buy again a few days later - and then again, and again… More considered purchases, and spending that little bit extra, will pay dividends. Buying a £2 bit that lasts 6 months is better than buying 10 bits for £5 that break after just a few uses. But that doesn’t mean that every expensive tool is a great tool, sadly. So how can you make sure you’re buying the best? Simply - research! The internet is a godsend – head to online retailers to check out reviews. Chat to colleagues or any tradesman friends. Head to your local merchant and ask the staff on the counter what they think.

Visit www.wera-tools.co.uk

ADVERTORIAL

MAKE INSTALLATIONS SIMPLER WITH SPACER CONNECT™ The modern world in which we live, continues to apply time pressures in every walk of life. People are finding they have to do more with less time and nowhere is this more true than in the electrical industry. As such, people are having to become more intelligent in the way time is used, becoming more efficient and effective and doing typical jobs. Spacer Connect Limited is a company looking to assist in this trend by providing contractors and electricians with simple solutions to save considerable time and money on day to day tasks. As a Company, Spacer Connect Limited focuses on providing solutions which will save time, hassle and inconvenience for customers.

DID YOU KNOW The Spacer Connect™ automatically aligns each box perfectly, ensures socket or switch are exactly parallel and allows all the back boxes to be perfectly positioned using just one measurement and fixing.

Typical applications for this concept include connecting conduit to back boxes, trunking, fuse boards and other similar applications.

15mm Spacer Connect™

This incredibly simple solution can save significant amounts of time during installation as well as reducing the chances of any second fix work being required, as it ensures correct positioning and seals the knockout holes so no material or plaster ingress can occur.

The Spacer Connect™ range The Spacer Connect™ is also available in two variants: 35mm Spacer Connect™

The current flagship products of the range is the Spacer Connect™ range. This incredibly simple solution is designed for increasing the speed, accuracy and ease with which multiple back boxes can be installed, when fitting sockets or switches. Using the traditional methods, including fitting rubber grommets, individually measuring and installing each box and leaving the outer sheath between boxes, can be an incredibly fiddly and time consuming process.

 15mm Variant – this positions standard sockets and switches perfectly flush

Conduit Connect™

 35mm Variant – this provides a 20mm decorators gap or allows for decorative sockets and switches to be used.

Conduit Connect™ range Whereas both of these solutions are used for installing sockets & switches, a variant is also available for use in conduit applications, known as the Conduit Connect™. This solution is designed to offer a much quicker and easier method for housing 20mm conduit. This connector slips directly into knockouts (identical to the Spacer Connect™) and allows the conduit to slide into the opposite end. This replaces the need for fiddly female screw adaptors and further reduces the time required to complete installation.

Stockists The Spacer Connect™ Range is available at most electrical wholesalers with details of individual stocking branches available on the website (www.spacerconnect.com). This coverage is currently expanding across the UK with additional branches being added all the time. For further information please email sales@spacerconnect.com or visit www.spacerconnect.com

The Spacer Connect™ The Spacer Connect™ however is a simple clip which allows a whole series of back boxes to be connected together as one.

SPARKS Magazine / 15

INSURANCE

CONGRATULATIONS! You’ve nearly reached the end of your apprenticeship, and your thoughts may be turning to a celebration, a well-earned break, or possibly to working full time for yourself. Whatever you plan to do next, you may be considering setting up your own business. This brings with it lots of exciting new opportunities, as well as a set of new considerations, including business insurance. However well trained and careful you are, mistakes can be made, injuries can be sustained and tools can be stolen. The impact of these on you and your business can be significant, including your ability to work.

A good Public Liability policy should allow you to tailor cover to meet individual needs, including adding cover for tools, stock and plant etc.

compensation payments that your company could be liable for should you or one of your employees cause damage to property, or injury to a person in connection with your business.

Trade Direct Insurance has been insuring individuals and businesses in the tradesman and construction industry for over 30 years, and we know that the right insurance can help protect your business, while also potentially saving you money.

 PROFESSIONAL INDEMNITY: Professional Indemnity insurance is designed to cover legal costs and expenses that might be incurred if you find yourself the subject of litigious action resulting from advice or guidance you have provided in your professional capacity.

But what insurance should you consider?  PUBLIC LIABILITY INSURANCE: Public Liability insurance is designed to pay the legal costs and any

 EMPLOYERS’ LIABILITY INSURANCE: Employers’ Liability insurance is designed to pay your legal liabilities should your employees be killed, or injured while working for you in connection with your business, or contract a disease as a result of that work. If you have employees, this is a legal requirement in the United Kingdom.

Why not give us as ring on 08000 280 380, or visit us at www.tradedirectinsurance.co.uk, where we have a set of handy guides that take the mystery out of business insurance.

TRADE DIRECT INSURANCE. QUALITY INSURANCE AT TRADE PRICES.

Looking for an electrical apprenticeship? We work with over 120 employers in the Birmingham area to place apprentices.

Call 0121 616 0700 or visit our website: www.birminghamelectricaltraining.co.uk

ADVERTORIAL

HAND TOOLS YOU CAN RELY ON Your pliers are a crucial part of your toolbag and should be chosen on powerful, safe performance, user comfort and quality, explains Alex Garami of KNIPEX. As an apprentice you are now learning the essential skills of your trade. It’s an exciting time and as you move from working in the classroom to working on site the tools and equipment you choose will become even more important to you. That’s especially true of your hand tools, which you will need to powerfully grip, cut and nip wire and cable on a regular basis, so getting the choice right will help ensure you work comfortably and most importantly, safely, with tools you can rely on.

DID YOU KNOW KNIPEX manufactures almost every type of hand tool an electrical contractor will ever need.

In fact, two apprentices helped our founder Carl Gustav Putsch set up the company way back in 1882 and we’re still a family owned company to this day. KNIPEX continues to launch great quality pliers, setting the pace for innovations by constantly creating and bringing to market new ideas, which transform the way electricians work. Today, people use KNIPEX tools in over 100 countries around the world. With a product range of around 1,000 different pliers, KNIPEX wants to offer high quality, reliable and long lasting hand tools for professional users. Providing the perfect tools for every application – always in the most suitable design and size – is the aim.

Safety is the first priority when working on electrical installations. An electrician must be able to rely 100 per cent on the tools that have been specially manufactured for this purpose. KNIPEX manufactures a wide range of insulated tools, from crimping and cutting pliers to cable shears, from screwdrivers to insulation strippers. KNIPEX’s production methods and the equipment used for testing insulated tools are frequently examined, certified and monitored by the Association of German Electricians (VDE). Each design of KNIPEX insulated pliers is authorised by the independent VDE Institute concerning safety features before a type approval is granted. All of these production and test standards offer the greatest possible protection when working with a voltage up to 1000V AC and 1500V DC. Every single KNIPEX insulated tool from its VDE range is first tested at a voltage of 10,000V AC. This represents a test load that is 10 times as high as the maximum voltage permitted during work. This safeguards the user when working. With professional users like you in mind we seek to find innovative solutions that enable electricians to get their work done not only more safely, but more easily and quickly too. Continuous feedback from professionals and great efforts in research and development has led KNIPEX to achieve and maintain this excellence in quality throughout the whole product range. For instance our Model 95 41 165 Cable Shear is a multifunctional tool for working on cable from 3 x 1.5mm² to 5 x 2.5mm² and can be used for

cutting, stripping and stripping insulation. Thanks to its V-shaped blade geometry, the reliable alignment of the cable in the stripping area can be achieved easily. The opening spring positions are also designed to relieve the stress on forearm muscles so if lots of cables have to be cut in quick succession, for example for new installations in blocks of flats, the supporting effects of the opening spring are very noticeable and electrical contractors can save valuable energy so are able to work longer and with less fatigue.

KNIPEX also manufactures powerful ratchet-action Cable Cutters that cut Steel Wire Armoured (SWA) cable smoothly and neatly - without crushing. Weighing in at just 800g and only 315mm in length, the Cable Cutters are ideal for work in confined areas. Forged from special high-grade steel, the cutters have also been oil-hardened for extra strength and power. As the handle of the tool is squeezed, the cleverly designed ratchet-action tightens the induction-hardened blades, cleanly cutting through the cable. The tool has a cleverly designed support area for putting down the pliers when cutting. Like all KNIPEX tools, the Cable Cutters are expertly engineered to be user-friendly and are a must have for electricians who work with SWA cable. Starting out in the trade can be an exciting but daunting time. With KNIPEX pliers at the ready, you can rest assured that you will be prepared for any job that may come your way. For more details on the KNIPEX range visit www.knipex.com

SPARKS Magazine / 17

EXERCISE

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES FOR TESTING ELECTRO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS Covering Unit 307 (or EAL equivalent) ‘Understand Principles, Practices and Legislation for the Inspection, Testing Commissioning and Certification of Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment in Buildings, Structures and the Environment.’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) TEST INSTRUMENTS Complete the following questions regarding electrical test instruments and test sequence.

Q1. List the instruments which, during an electrical commissioning test on an installation, gave the following readings. a) 20MΩ b) 8kA c) 22mS

Q2. State THREE safety checks to be carried out on an earth fault loop impedance tester and leads prior to conducting a test on a lighting circuit.

Q3. State the test voltages required to test insulation resistance on circuits operating at a) 25V b) 200V c) 600V

Q4. With reference to insulation resistance testing, state the tabulated test voltages to be applied and the minimum tabulated acceptable value of insulation resistance for EACH of the following circuits. b) LV circuit up to 500V c) LV circuit over 500V

a) SELV

Continued on page 20

Go to www.sparks-magazine.co.uk to freely download exercise answers 18 / SPARKS Magazine

EXERCISE Q5. List in the correct sequence, the first THREE tests that should be performed during an initial verification on a new domestic installation.

Q6. The test for the continuity of a cpc in a radial circuit feeding one socket-outlet uses a temporary link and a low reading ohmmeter. State... a) where the temporary link is connected c) what the meter reading actually represents

b) where the low reading ohmmeter is connected

Q7. List THREE precautions to be taken before conducting an insulation resistance test on an installation.

Q8. Before starting a periodic inspection and test, state... a) what must be agreed with the customer or client c) where this agreement must be recorded

b) who needs to agree this with the client

Q9. State the main reason for conducting a periodic inspection and test on an electrical installation.

Q10. State the maximum re-inspection and test intervals for the following locations. a) Caravan b) Caravan parks c) Construction sites

Go to www.sparks-magazine.co.uk to freely download exercise answers 20 / SPARKS Magazine

EXERCISE

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS Covering Outcome 3 of Unit 304 (or EAL equivalent), ‘Understand Principles for Selecting Cables and Circuit Protective Devices.’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) CABLE SELECTION BS7671: 2008 +A1 2011, (Section 132 Design) states that circuits must be designed and that design data should be made readily available. Before a cable can be selected the following steps must be taken: 

Make an Assessment of General Characteristics for the installation, (Part 3)



Decide on the method of cable installation, (Part 5)



Identify the type of cable and protective measures for shock and over-current, (Part 4)

STAGES OF CABLE SELECTION The following six-step procedure for calculating the current - carrying - capacity and voltage-drop for cables can be used to determine the cross-sectional-area of cable/s for distribution and final circuits (Appendix 4).

1. Determine the design Current (Ib) 2. Select rating of suitable protective device (In) (Appendix 3 or Tables 41 Part 4) 3. Identify the rating factors that may be applicable to the installation: Ca – ambient temperature Table 4B1 Cg – grouping Table 4C1 Ci – thermal insulation, 0.5 or see Table 52.2 Cf – BS3036 fuse, 0.725 fixed rating factor Determine the overall rating factor (C)

C = Ca x Cg x Ci x Cf

NOTE: In practical situations be selective with the actual rating factors, e.g. if a thermal factor applies then will the ambient temperature factor make a great deal of difference? If not, then use only the most appropriate rating factor.

4. Calculate the tabulated current (It) from In / C 5. Choose a cable to match (It) from Appendix 4 cable tables 6. Check voltage drop does not exceed limits (See Table 4Ab) Continued on page 23

Go to www.sparks-magazine.co.uk to freely download exercise answers 22 / SPARKS Magazine

Simple, single screw installation of the modules on the Plate allows contractors to devise and install customised switching solutions on site.

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EXERCISE The following example provides boxes into which the reference or answer can be written. Final circuit requirements are shown in this simple labelled line diagram:

25m 4kW resistive heating load

Ambient temperature 45ยบC Uo 230V BS3036 fuse 70ยบC PVC, single cables in steel conduit

3 other circuits in same conduit

Calculated or referenced

Chosen from manufacturers data or Appendix 3

FACTOR

TABLE REFERENCE (BS7671)

Ca Cg Ci Cf

Cable installation reference method

Total rating factor:

Current Carrying Capacity of cable required: (It)

C = Ca x Cg x Ci x Cf

It = In C

CABLE SIZE

VOLTAGE DROP

Table No.

Column

Current rating

Voltage drop

Cable size

Actual Voltage drop = (AVD) =

mV/A/M x Ib x Length of circuit (L) 1000 =

Go to www.sparks-magazine.co.uk to freely download exercise answers 24 / SPARKS Magazine

EXERCISE

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS 2 Covering Outcome 6 of Unit 305 (or EAL equivalent), ‘Understand the Practices and Procedures for Installing Wiring Systems, Associated Equipment and Enclosures.’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) 35m

CABLE SELECTION: You will need access to BS7671:2008 + A1 2011, for this exercise.

Ambient temperature 35ºC

10kW Potters Kiln

Uo 230V Type - B RCBO

Final circuit requirements:

70ºC PVC, thermo-plastic multi-core clipped direct to a surface

Calculated or referenced

Chosen from manufacturers data or Appendix 3

FACTOR

TABLE REFERENCE (BS7671)

Ca Cg Ci Cf

Cable installation reference method Total rating factor:

Current Carrying Capacity of cable required: (It)

C = Ca x Cg x Ci x Cf

It = In C

It =

CABLE SIZE

VOLTAGE DROP

Table No.

Column

Current rating

Voltage drop

Cable size

Actual Voltage drop = (AVD)

mV/A/M x Ib x Length of circuit (L) 1000

= 1000

Go to www.sparks-magazine.co.uk to freely download exercise answers SPARKS Magazine / 25

EXERCISE

SAFE ISOLATION OF POWER SUPPLIES Covering Outcome 1 of Unit 307 (or EAL equivalent) ‘Understand Principles, Practices and Legislation for the Inspection, Testing, Commissioning and Certification of Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment in Buildings, Structures and the Environment.’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91)

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE Regulation 14 of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 clearly states that ‘no person shall be engaged in any work activity on or so near to any live conductor…’ It is therefore essential that safe isolation of the power supply, or supplies, be made before commencing work on a circuit, or a group of circuits or on permanently connected electrical equipment.

Q1. List the HSE recommended test equipment that is needed before safe isolation can be carried out?

Q2. State the precaution/s that need to be considered before isolating any electrical circuit, groups of circuits or electrical equipment?

Go to www.sparks-magazine.co.uk to freely download exercise answers 26 / SPARKS Magazine

EXERCISE Q3. Briefly explain the recommended procedure for isolating a circuit or groups of electrical circuits.

The basic principle of safe isolation is that the point of isolation is under the control of the person who is carrying out the work on the isolated conductors.

Q4. Identify all of the possible means of isolation for a final circuit.

All personnel involved in work on electrical systems and equipment must be skilled (electrically) and, where necessary, be suitably instructed (electrically), on safe systems of work. Personnel should be provided with written instructions, and have access to, appropriate locking-off devices, warning notices, a voltage detector and proving unit.

Further information Most leading agencies provide step-by-step guidance for carrying out safe-isolation. It will be helpful to explore the guidance by looking at web sites. The HSE provide comprehensive information regarding electricity at work and the precautions that need to be taken when working on or near live conductors. See www.hse.gov.uk

Continued on page 28

Go to www.sparks-magazine.co.uk to freely download exercise answers SPARKS Magazine / 27

EXERCISE Q5.

Complete the recommended sequence of safe isolation for single-phase supplies using arrows and statements to which probe is connected first and second etcâ&#x20AC;Ś To ensure that RCDs and RCBOs do not trip when connecting an approved voltage tester to circuits that may not be isolated, the following sequence of test probe connections is recommended.

NOTE: It is good practice to make probe contact with so if the supply is not isolated correctly, the one free probe is not live.

first, before

STEP 1

Neutral

Line

Earth

STEP 2

Neutral

Line

Earth

STEP 3

Neutral

Line

Earth

NOTE: If you are training to be a qualified electrician, it is essential that you practice this procedure under the guidance of an electrically skilled person.

Go to www.sparks-magazine.co.uk to freely download exercise answers 28 / SPARKS Magazine

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EXERCISE

PERIODIC INSPECTION AND TESTING OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Covering Unit 307 (or EAL equivalent) â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Understand Principles, Practices and Legislation for the Inspection, Testing Commissioning and Certification of Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment in Buildings, Structures and the Environment.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) Try these multiple-choice questions. Q1

Which one of the following is not a statutory document?

Electricity at Work Regulations 1989

Building Regulations

Electricity, Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations

IET Guidance Note 3

When producing a specification, advice

Q2 should be obtained from which one of the following?

Electricity supply company

Main contractor

Installation owner / user

Billing authority

Precise details regarding electrical

Q3 equipment to be installed must be obtained from...

The equipment manufacturer

Ans.

In an isolated system, electric shock

Q5 risk may arise from parts of the installation, except from...

Ans.

Resistive loads

Solar photovoltaic panels

Voltages on earthed metalwork during testing

Capacitive loads

The responsibilities of an inspector are Ans. each of the following, except...

No danger occurs to persons, livestock and property during testing

Comparing the test results with design criteria

Consider the condition of the installation and advise accordingly

Issue prohibition notices Confirmation that an installation

Q7 complies with the original design criteria is obtained by...

Inspection

The client

Inspection and testing

Main contractor

Initial verification

Electricity supplier

Comparison with previous test results

Guidance regarding electrical test equipment for use by electricians Q4 is found in which of the following documents?

When inspecting an installation for

Ans.

Q8 the first time, the purpose is to verify each of the following, except...

No part of the installation is damaged

HS (G) 141

Test results comply with design specification

HSE Guidance

EAWR 1989

Parts of the fixed installation are correctly selected and erected

HSE GN GS 38

Installed electrical equipment is of the correct type

Go to www.sparks-magazine.co.uk to freely download exercise answers 30 / SPARKS Magazine

Ans.

EXERCISE

Maximum demand, number of live conductors and type of earthing is information required by...

The person ordering the work

The Building Control Officer

The electrical contractor

The person carrying out the inspection and testing

Q10

Ans.

A re-inspection and next test date for Ans. a new installation is decided by...

The client

Electrical designer

Electrical contractor

The owner of the installation

Completion of the electrical design, construction and inspection, when Q11 carried out by the same person, requires the issue of what? a

A Minor Works Certificate

Multiple Signature Electrical Installation Certificate

Schedule of Test Results

Single Signature Electrical Installation Certificate

Q12 Inspection can be undertaken...

Q13

The correct test sequence on a lighting circuit is...

Continuity of protective conductor / continuity of ring final conductors / polarity

Continuity of protective conductor / polarity / insulation resistance

Continuity of protective conductor / insulation resistance / polarity

Insulation resistance / polarity / continuity of protective conductors

Which of the following is correct for

Q14 Method 1 ‘continuity of protective conductor test’?

Ans.

R1+Ze

R1+R2

R1+Zs

R2+Zs

296Ω

On completion of the installation

2.964Ω

On completion of the construction

0.592Ω

If required during commissioning of the installation

0.296Ω

Throughout different stages of construction

Ans.

A radial circuit, 40m in length, is wired with a cable having 7.41mΩ/m Q15 at 20°C. The expected cable resistance Ans. when a Method 2 test is carried out will be? a

Ans.

Go to www.sparks-magazine.co.uk to freely download exercise answers SPARKS Magazine / 31

EXERCISE

PERIODIC INSPECTION AND TESTING OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS 2 Covering Unit 307 (or EAL equivalent) ‘Understand Principles, Practices and Legislation for the Inspection, Testing Commissioning and Certification of Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment in Buildings, Structures and the Environment.’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) TASK: Complete the following questions regarding the principles, practices and legislation for the periodic inspection and testing of electrical installations. (Note: Reference to the IET Guidance Note 3 ‘Inspection & Testing’ may be required.)

Q1. Periodic inspection and testing is carried out for the safety of persons and livestock against the effects of?

Q2. List FIVE reasons for carrying out periodic inspection and testing

Q3. Periodic inspection and testing may be required for specific reasons, state four reasons.

Q4. Routine checks of the electrical installation in commercial or industrial premises can be carried out by whom?

Q5. The date for the first periodic inspection and test is the responsibility of whom?

Q6. Briefly explain how to carry-out an ‘overview’ of an installation prior to conducting a periodic inspection and test.

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EXERCISE Q7. State TWO important facts that should be noted during the pre-inspection / testing survey.

Q8. The periodic inspection sample should consider a number of factors, identify four factors.

09. If a sample inspection and test reveals the installation to be in poor condition, the inspector will need to increase the sample. Briefly explain the actions to be taken.

10. If an inspector finds inadequacies in distributors equipment the recommended action is to?

11. With regards the termination of cables at enclosures, list FOUR checks that an inspector should make.

12. Explain how an earth loop impedance test is to be carried out on an electric motor.

13. Briefly describe the checks to be made on circuit-breakers during a periodic inspection and test of an industrial distribution board.

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EXERCISE

AC / DC MOTORS Covering Unit 309 Outcome 8 (or EAL equivalent) â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Understand the Operating Principles of DC and AC Motors.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) The following questions are all related to AC & DC motors.

Q1. Identify the type of motor

and each of the components numbered in the photograph shown right.

Type of motor: 1: 2: 3: 4:

Q2. Identify the name of the

component shown right and the type of motor it is used in.

Component: Type of motor in which it is used:

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EXERCISE Q3. Identify the motor

component shown right and the materials used in its construction.

Component: Materials used in the construction:

Q4. Identify the motor

component shown right and the materials used in its construction.

Component: Materials used in the construction:

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EXERCISE

The following questions will require you to have a copy of BS7671:2008 +A1:2011 Appendix 3, Time / Current Characteristics of Overcurrent Protective Devices and RCDs.

Q1. a) What information does Appendix 3 contain? b) How is the information presented? c) Who will require this information and when? Q2. a) If the maximum earth fault loop impedance for a 230V circuit is 2.035Ω, calculate the fault current that will flow in the event of a line to earth fault occurring in the circuit.

b) If the circuit in (a) is protected by a BS88-3 fuse, what is the operating time of the fuse when the fault current occurs?

Q3. a) How can different types of RCD be classified? b) What does the symbol I∆n represent in regards to RCDs? c) Identify the three common types of BS EN 60898 circuit-breakers.

d) For each of the circuit-breakers identified in (c), state the differences between their overcurrent characteristics.

Q4. a) The time / current characteristic for any circuit-breaker shows two overcurrent conditions. What are these conditions?

Q5. a) If a 40A rated BS88-2 fuse is used to protect a single–phase 230V distribution circuit, state the fault current that must flow to disconnect the circuit in 1.5 seconds.

b) A fault current of 20A flows through a 5A rated BS3036 semi-enclosed fuse. Determine the disconnection time.

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EXERCISE

INITIAL VERIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Covering Unit 308 (or EAL equivalent) ‘Understand Principles, Practices and Legislation for Diagnosing and Correcting Electrical Faults in Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment in Buildings, Structures and the Environment.’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) EARTH CLAMPS The following colour code may be found on BS951 earth bonding clamps  RED is for dry non-corrosive atmospheres  BLUE is for corrosive or humid conditions  GREEN is for corrosive or humid conditions large earth conductors

CABLE TERMINATIONS TO BS951 CLAMPS If main protective bonding is to be carried-out then a choice of terminating methods may be used: Cables may be run separately from the main earthing terminal (MET) in the Consumers Control Unit (CCU) or using a single cable to connect, un broken, to each service clamp, see below.

Try these revision questions Q1a. What is the warning message printed on the label of a BS951 earth bonding clamp?

Q1b.

State the purpose of protective equipotential bonding.

Q1c. The connection of the main protective bonding conductor must ideally be made within 600mm of where?

Q1d. In the case of branch pipework, where must the main protective bonding conductor be connected?

Continued on page 38

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EXERCISE Q2. When carrying out an initial verification, the inspector must check all earth bonding terminations. Look at each of

the following images and decide whether the protective bonding installation has been correctly terminated. If â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Noâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, state why.

Correct termination:

Yes

Reason:

Correct termination:

Yes

Reason:

Correct termination:

Yes

Reason:

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EXERCISE

4 Correct termination:

Yes

Reason:

5 Correct termination:

Yes

Reason:

6 Correct termination:

Yes

Reason:

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EXERCISE

ELECTRIC CERTIFICATION Covering Outcome 5 of Unit 307 (or EAL equivalent) ‘Understand Principles, Practices and Legislation for the Inspection, Testing, Commissioning and Certification of Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment in Buildings, Structures and the Environment.’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) THE MINOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORKS CERTIFICATE Q1. State the purpose of the Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate.

The ‘certificate’ is a single sided A4 pro-forma on which all the necessary details relating to the minor electrical installation work are stated.

Q2. State two persons that need to retain copies of the Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate when work has been completed.

Q3. The following task requires you to study the installation details and complete a copy of the Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate.

INSTALLATION DETAILS SET 1: You have installed a fused-connection unit, (fused spur) on an existing 32A rated ring-final circuit at ABC stores, 243 Widecombe Place, Belchester, DN0 4EX on 1st April 2014. The original ring circuit was installed five years ago and looks in good condition, as does the rest of the electrical installation in the store. The supply system is TN-S and fault protection is by ADS. The existing ring circuit is protected by a 32A Type B circuit-breaker to BS EN60898 and additional protection is provided by a 30mA RCD. The addition of the fused-connection unit will not compromise the current rating of the existing ring-final circuit. No previous test results are available to compare with the test results obtained when the addition was completed. The ‘new’ test results are all within the expected range. Continuity of circuit protective conductor and main protective bonding conductor is 0.1Ω and 0.5Ω respectively; insulation resistance between all conductors is +200MΩ; polarity was confirmed; earth fault loop impedance is 1.10Ω and the RCD reaction time test proved satisfactory with the I∆n at 25mS. The main water service is bonded with 10mm2 single-sheathed earth cable.

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EXERCISE

MINOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORKS CERTIFICATE To be used for minor electrical installation work that does not include new circuits.

PART 1: Description of minor works 1. Description of minor works 2. Location / Address 3. Date minor works completed 4. Details of departures, if any from BS7671:2008

PART 2: Installation details 1. System earthing arrangement

TN-C-S

TN-S

2. Method of fault protection 3. Protective device for the modified circuit

Type

Rating

Comments on existing installation, including adequacy of earthing and bonding arrangements

PART 3: Essential tests Earth continuity satisfactory Insulation resistance: Line / neutral

MΩ

Line / earth

MΩ

Neutral / earth

MΩ

Earth loop impedance

Polarity satisfactory RCD operation (if applicable). Rated residual operating current I∆n

mA operating time of

ms at I∆n

PART 4: Declaration I / we CERTIFY that the said works do not impair the safety of the existing installation, that the said works have been designed, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with BS7671:2008, amended to , and that the said works, to the best of my / our knowledge and belief, at the time of my / our inspection complies with BS7671 except as detailed in Part 1 above.

Name:

Signature:

For and on behalf of:

Position:

Address:

Date:

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EXERCISE

CONNECTING ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Covering Unit 309 Outcome 7 (or EAL equivalent) â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Understand How Different Electrical Properties can affect Electrical Circuits, Systems and Equipment.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) Understanding the type and use of various electrical test instruments is important because incorrect connection can seriously damage the instrument, the circuit in which it is connected and could pose a danger to the operator. The following tasks relate to the measuring or determination of power in single-phase a.c. circuits.

Q1. Identify the correct name for each of the numbered components shown in the circuit diagram below. L 2

ANSWER: 1)

Q2. State the reason for measuring the electrical quantities at the points shown in (1), (2) and (3), in the circuit shown above.

Q3. Calculate the power rating (W) of an inductive load if the power factor is 0.85, the current is 50A and the voltage is 230V.

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EXERCISE

PERIODIC INSPECTION AND TESTING OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS - FAULTS Covering Unit 307 (or EAL equivalent) ‘Understand Principles, Practices and Legislation for the Inspection, Testing Commissioning and Certification of Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment in Buildings, Structures and the Environment.’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) Try these multiple-choice questions.

Which of the following combinations is the correct sequence of events when carrying out safe isolation?

Q1 1. Reprove test instrument

Ans.

2. Isolate supply and lock off 3. Prove isolation with test instrument 4. Test instrument on known supply

1, 3, 4, 2

1, 4, 3, 2

4, 2, 3, 1

1, 2, 3, 4

A 12V 50W triple spot light is supplied from a single 230V to 12V double-wound Q2 transformer. If the original transformer Ans. fails and is to be replaced, what is the VA rating that will be required? a

12VA

12.5VA

50V

150VA

When measuring the continuity of a ring final circuit wired in 2.5mm² twin Ans. Q3 and earth cable, the resistance of the circuit protective conductor should be?

It has been reported that a D-O-L motor starter does not ‘hold-on’ when Q4 the start push button is released. The most likely cause of this problem is? a

No link between the auxiliary contact and the start push

No link between the start push and the stop push

No supply to the starter

No supply to the motor

When carrying out continuity checks on the windings of a single-phase capacitor Ans. Q5 - start electric motor, which of the following is most likely to be found? a

Start winding will have a lower resistance than the run winding

Auxiliary winding will have a lower resistance than the main winding

Start winding will have a higher resistance than the run winding

Run winding will have a higher resistance than the starting capacitor

A domestic customer reports that the landing lighting circuit has failed. The Q6 lamp has been replaced, but fails to operate. Which one of the following is most likely to be the cause? a

Circuit breaker has operated following the failure of the first lamp

Lower than the line conductor only

The two – way switch is not wired correctly between the switches

Higher than the line and neutral conductors

The intermediate switch is in the off position

Higher than the cpc

The second lamp is faulty

Lower than the line and neutral conductors

Ans.

Continued on page 44

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EXERCISE

Which one of the following senses is usually not required when carrying out fault finding?

Hearing

Seeing

Touching

Tasting

Which one of the following statements Ans. is true?

A neutral conductor is connected to the centre pin of an Edison Screw lamp-holder

When viewed from the rear the line terminal of a BS1363 socket â&#x20AC;&#x201C; outlet is on the left

A blue coloured BS EN 60309-2 plug is used on 400V ac supplies

A solar photovoltaic array can be connected directly into a domestic consumer unit

Ans.

A domestic central heating system fails to operate following an Electrical Installation Condition Report being Ans. undertaken on the property. What is the most likely cause of this failure?

The heating system needs to be overhauled

The electronic control panel has been damaged due to insulation resistance test voltages being applied

When carrying out a commissioning test of a star-delta motor, it is found that the motor starts in star, but in Ans. Q11 delta the motor immediately goes into reverse and makes a loud sound. What is the cause of this problem? a

One phase disconnected

Incorrect wiring on the delta contactor

Incorrect setting of the overload device

Two phases disconnected

A customer reports that the sitting room light dimmer switch has failed to dim the light and that, when the Q12 dimmer is operated, the light dims slightly then goes out. What is the most likely cause? a

Wiring failure at the light point

Dimmer switch has been damaged

A compact fluorescent lamp has been installed

The circuit breaker is the wrong type

The value of Ze can be obtained by enquiry, calculation or measurement. Q13 Where can the measurement be made Ans. and what type of instrument is required? a

At the main switch in the CCU / Earth loop impedance tester

The power supply has been isolated at the fused-connection unit for insulation tests to be made

At the last socket in the ring / Earth loop impedance tester

There is an closed circuit on the phase conductor

At a light point / continuity tester

Main supply at the CCU / high reading Ohmmeter

A single tube, glow-type start fluorescent luminaire fails to start Q10 following the replacement of the tube. Ans. Which of the following is most likely to be the cause of this problem?

Which of the following is issued

Q14 following remedial work that does not extend to a new circuit?

Choke failure Power factor correction capacitor has open circuited

Installation Certificate

Minor Electrical Installation Work Certificate

Incorrect tube has been fitted

Permit to Work

Starter failure

Electrical Installation Condition Report

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Ans.

EXERCISE

The type of instrument used to

Q15 determine the Prospective Fault

Current (PFC) of an installation is?

Low reading Ohmmeter

High reading Ohmmeter

RCD tester

Earth fault loop impedance tester

Damage can be caused to electronic Q16 components in a circuit due to which of the following?

Ans.

If the bonding clamp shown had a RED stripe, the most suitable Q18 environmental conditions in which it can be used is? a

Damp / wet

Outside locations

Dry inside locations

Corrosive atmospheres

Ans.

Ans. Following a rewire of a domestic property, the person who is Q19 required to fill out the required documentation is?

Under-voltage caused by voltage drop in a circuit

Over-voltage from a transient

Over-current due to a lineâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;earth fault

A person with a high IQ

Frequent switching on-off of the equipment

A person who has been in the electrical trade for several years

A competent person

A person acting on behalf of the property insurance company

A damaged cable must be replaced. Which of the following documents Q17 must be used following completion of the circuit?

Electrical Installation Certificate for the circuit

Minor works certificate for the whole installation

Periodic inspection report for the circuit

Schedule of test results for the whole circuit

Ans.

Ans. Which one of the following will not require special precautions Q20 to be adopted prior to inspection and testing? a

Circuits supplying IT equipment

Circuits supplying remote buildings

Intruder alarm sensors

Fibre optic cables

Ans.

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EXERCISE

END OF YEAR REVISION: ELECTRICAL SCIENCE & PRINCIPLES Covering Unit 309, (or EAL equivalent) ‘Understanding the Electrical Principles Associated with the Design, Building, Installation and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment and Systems.’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) Try these multiple-choice questions.

Three resistors of 12Ω, 15Ω and 23Ω

Q1 are connected in parallel with each

other. The total resistance will be...

Higher than 23Ω

Higher than 15Ω

Lower than 15Ω

Lower than 12Ω

Ans.

Two resistors each having a resistance

Q2 of 17Ω are connected in parallel with a Ans. resistor of 3.5Ω. The total resistance is...

12Ω

13.5Ω

20.5Ω

59.5Ω

The total resistance of a circuit is 126Ω. If the circuit consists of four resistors, Ans. and one resistor is 14Ω, what is the value of the remaining three?

Which one of the following shows the symbol for self-inductance?

Q6 The unit symbol for Current is... a

The quantity symbol for Power is represented by...

100Ω

9Ω

140Ω

112Ω

c d

What is the total current flowing in a circuit consisting of three 66Ω resistors Ans. connected in parallel with each other and connected to a 50V d.c. supply?

The symbol for Energy is W. What is the unit symbol?

0.72A

0.76A

2.27A

0.25A

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Ans.

EXERCISE A conductor 45m long and carrying 5A

Q9 is lying at 90º to magnetic field of 2T. What is the force on the conductor?

Ans.

If an electric motor is rated at 28kW

Q15 and has an efficiency of 75%, the

electrical input to the motor will be?

450N

20.05kW

225N

21.00kW

150N

28.00kW

100N

37.33kW

Calculate the length of conductor in which 50V is induced when it is passing Ans. Q10 through a flux density of 4T at a rate of 3m/s.

Q16

A double-wound transformer operates on what principle?

Self -induction

4.2m

Mutual induction

4.0m

Impedance

3.9m

resistance

3.5m

Ans.

A transformer has a rating of 600VA.

What is the resistance of 100m of Q11 1.5mm² copper cable if the conductor resistivity is given as 17.2μΩ/mm?

Q17 If the output voltage is 12V, what is the Ans. total current that can be delivered?

Ans. a

0.50 Ω

32A

0.95 Ω

45A

1.00 Ω

50A

1.15 Ω

Q12

The electron has what type of electrical charge?

Ans.

A step-down transformer has a primary voltage of 230V and a Q18 secondary voltage of 24V. The turns ration for the transformer is?

Negative

Positive

9.6 : 1

None

6.9 : 1

Equal positive and negative

4.3 : 1

4.2 : 1

What is the assumed current demand

Q13 for an electric shower rated at 9.5kW when connected to a 230V supply?

Ans.

The phase voltage of a star connected

Q19 transformer is 250V. What is the line

30A

38A

400V

39.58A

433V

41.30A

445V

460V

If a distribution circuit cable is supplied at end A with 230V, and resistive loads Ans. Q14 are taken from it at points B and C, if the overall voltage drop from A to C is 6V, B to C is 2.5V; the voltage at B is...

voltage?

If the measuring range of an ammeter

Q20 is to be extended, which one of the following is used?

228V

Multiplier

226.5V

Shunt resistor

225V

Diode

220.5V

Diode shunt

Ans.

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EXERCISE

ELECTRIC MOTORS Covering Unit 309, (or EAL equivalent) ‘Understanding the Electrical Principles Associated with the Design, Building, Installation and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment and Systems.’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91) TYPES OF MOTOR

3-PHASE

1-PHASE Shunt Split Phase

Synchronous

Asynchronous

Universal Repulsion

Wound Rotor

Series

Compound

Cage Induction Separately Excited

Single Cage

Double Cage

Motors are often categorised by the starting method used. However, care must be taken to be sure you understand the type of motor for which the starting method is suitable.

AC MOTOR STARTING METHODS Task: Identify the motor power supplies suitable for each of the following starting methods.

STARTING METHOD

AC 3-PHASE

AC 1-PHASE

Direct-on-Line (D-O-L) starter Star-Delta starting Rotor Resistance starter Auto-Transformer starter Soft-Start Face-plate starter

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