SPARKS Magazine Summer 2023 issue

EDITOR’S NOTE

great

journey

becoming a qualified electrician.

In this issue, you can also read all about the SPARKS Learner of the Year 2023. The standard of work throughout the competition was higher than ever, and everyone who took part should be extremely proud of themselves. We also launched the very first SPARKS Female Skills competition, where we saw six finalists battle it out to be crowned the first-ever winner of the new competition. Find out more on page 10.

Competitions are a great way to hone your skills and demonstrate just how much you already know. Remember, we’re here for you 24/7 via our website www.sparks-magazine.co.uk and on all our social media platforms.

Have a great summer!

Celia Matthews

Managing Editor

MANAGING EDITOR: CELIA MATTHEWS celia.matthews@sng-publishing.co.uk

SENIOR GRAPHIC DESIGNER: LEE OWEN lee.owen@sng-publishing.co.uk

DIGITAL CONTENT EXECUTIVE: PHOEBE MANSFIELD phoebe.mansfield@sng-publishing.co.uk

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER: PATRICK BLORE patrick.blore@sng-publishing.co.uk

EVENT MANAGER: SAMANTHA COLE samantha.cole@sng-publishing.co.uk

MANAGING DIRECTOR: ZOË TANNER zoe.tanner@sng-publishing.co.uk

TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTORS:

Wayne Timmins, Lincoln College

Mike Davies, Training Consultant

Lewis Blakemore, Wigan & Leigh College

Craig Robinson, Cambridge Regional College

Jake Hardcastle, Thornley & Lumb

PRINTERS: Stephens & George, Wales

CREATE YOUR OWN

It couldn’t be easier to create fast-paced and engaging videos with the variety of free editing apps now available. You’ve probably heard of CapCut, which you can use to find trending video templates to use for TikTok and Instagram reels.

1 DOWNLOAD Download CapCut and link it to your TikTok account

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TOP TIP

SEEN A TEMPLATE YOU LIKE ON TIKTOK? SIMPLY PRESS THE

THE FINALISTS

2023 LEARNER OF THE YEAR

WHO?

Our seven regional finalists undertook a live 12-hour practical test, carried out across two days. The competitors were:

MATTHEW CRIPPS FOCUS TRAINING

WE HAVE A WINNER!

We are thrilled to announce the SPARKS Learner of the Year 2023 winner. Our judges upped the ante this year and created an awesome test of ability.

SAM MACKENZIE FARNBOROUGH COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

NATHAN PAWSEY CAMBRIDGE REGIONAL COLLEGE

The SPARKS Learner of the Year competition has a history of uncovering future industry skills, unearthing the fresh talent that will help shape the future of the electrical industry and ensure standards never drop. The 2023 competition was no exception, with skilled learners from across the country proving the future for professional electricians is bright!

The competition kicked off in January, when Level 2 and 3 electrical students competed across six regional locations in England and Wales. The high calibre of entries this year meant that competition judges, Geoff Brittain from NAPIT, and professional electricians, Amy Barratt-Singh (@amythesparky)

and Danny Webb (@sparkymilan), had a tough job on their hands. After much deliberation, with some of the results having just one mark between them, six regional winners, plus the highest runner-up, were announced as this year’s SPARKS Learner of the Year finalists.

On 26th and 27 th April, after a closely contested two-day final held at the state-of-the-art Schneider Electric Innovation Hub in Coventry, Nathan Pawsey from Cambridge Regional College was crowned as SPARKS Learner of the Year 2023. Followed closely behind, Sam Mackenzie from Farnborough College of Technology was awarded runner-up.

12 HOUR PRACTICAL TEST

FINALISTS

MAX GARDNER

Why not put your skills to the test and put your name forward for the SPARKS Learner of the Year 2024!

LEARNER OF THE YEAR

2024

A HUGE SHOUT OUT TO OUR INCREDIBLE SPONSORS WHO MAKE THIS COMPETITION POSSIBLE:

For well over a decade, the SPARKS competition has given young electricians the opportunity to showcase their skills, instilling confidence in the next generation of the electrical industry.

Many of the past SPARKS Learner of the Year competitors have gone on to accomplish further achievements, proving competitions like these provide a springboard for those looking to

carve a name out for themselves in the industry.

“It’s always a pleasure working with SPARKS, and Schneider Electric is proud to be the Platinum Sponsor. We see it as invaluable to try and build relationships with apprentices and learners as early on in their careers as possible.”

Tom Gillam, Electrician Channel Manager at Schneider Electric

Official Tool Sponsor

DARLINGTON COLLEGE

TOBIAS WHITELEG OLDHAM COLLEGE

DUNCAN KINNAIRD CARDIFF & VALE COLLEGE

LIAM DAVIS JTL TRAINING

MEET THE RUNNER-UP

SPARKS: How does it feel to be called out as the runner-up?

Sam Mackenzie: Amazing! I’m really chuffed with myself!

SPARKS: What has been your biggest takeaway from competing?

SM: The confidence. To go and do something outside of your comfort zone.

SPARKS: What do you think of all the prizes?

SM: The prizes are amazing. I’ve got a couple bits from Milwaukee, IDEAL Industries, Luceco, vouchers and lots of other things too.

SPARKS: How did the final test compare with the regional?

SM: The test today was slightly harder and more technical. Definitely a harder spec.

SPARKS:Have you enjoyed working with all the different products?

SM: It’s been interesting to see such a wide range of different products and from brands that I didn’t even know existed!

SPARKS: What would you say to someone thinking of entering the competition?

SM: Go for it. Don’t hold back. It’s an amazing experience and opportunity!

SPARKS: Finally, what are you going to do to celebrate tonight?

SM: Go to the pub!

# SPARKS LOY23

SAM MACKENZIE FARNBOROUGH COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

“IT’S AN AMAZING EXPERIENCE AND OPPORTUNITY!”

“IT DOESN’T MATTER HOW MUCH OUT OF YOUR COMFORT ZONE YOU ARE, GO FOR IT!”

MEET THE WINNER

NATHAN PAWSEY CAMBRIDGE REGIONAL COLLEGE

SPARKS: How does it feel to be named SPARKS Learner of the Year 2023?

Nathan Pawsey: I’m very proud of what I’ve managed to achieve. It’s an amazing opportunity that you’ve given me.

SPARKS: Have you enjoyed working with all the different products?

NP: It’s been good seeing what other manufacturers are like, different to what we use at work and what our wholesaler

supplies. It’s great to see all the different stuff you can work with.

SPARKS: How did today’s test compare with the regional?

NP: It’s been more challenging because of the additional work you had to do with the conduit, but it’s been good.

SPARKS: How’s it been meeting other electrical students from across the country?

NP: It’s been good to find out what other students are doing and what line of work they are in.

SPARKS: What’s been your biggest takeaway from this experience?

NP: Well, I know what I am doing at work, so to do something like this has definitely helped with my confidence.

SPARKS: You came away with lots of prizes at the regional, what do you think about the prizes you’ve just won today?

NP: The prizes are fantastic! I’ve come away with a nice sum of money, Milwaukee drills, some great IDEAL and AICO bits. It’s brilliant!

SPARKS: What would you say to someone who is thinking of entering next year?

NP: Definitely go for it. It doesn’t matter how much out of your comfort zone you are, go for it! This is something that I would not normally have put myself forward for.

SPARKS: What are you going to do to celebrate tonight?

NP: Chill out!

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See the full range at: www.luceco-worklights.com

Ben Fox was crowned SPARKS Learner of the Year 2022. Here are his top tips for getting the most from your studies and early career.

BEN ’S TOP TIPS

1

LEARN FROM EXPERIENCE

The good days will outweigh the bad days, but when you have a day that doesn’t go so well, try and work out what went wrong and how you could have made things better. Bad days and mistakes happen but if you learn from them, they will make you a better electrician in the long run.

2

ASK QUESTIONS

During your course, ask as many questions as possible. There’s no better time to ask questions than when you are surrounded by experienced professionals who will have been in the trade much longer than you. There’s no such thing as a silly question!

3

DON’T UNDERESTIMATE WHAT A GREAT CAREER YOU’LL HAVE!

Being an electrician is an exciting and varied career. Every day there is something new to learn, and having a trade like this can set you up for life. It’s not just about technical ability, it’s also about communication, people skills and general organisation — skills that will help you in all aspects of life.

4

PUT THE EFFORT IN

Always show willing and demonstrate that you have drive. Whatever the task, put in as much effort as you can so you can say you tried your hardest. If you work hard, you will reap the reward in time.

5

KEEP LEARNING

KEEP LEARNING

Take advantage of every learning opportunity, including extra training courses and practical competitions. Taking part in a competition is a great way to boost selfconfidence and you may even win. Keep challenging yourself every day.

“MISTAKES HAPPEN, BUT IF YOU LEARN FROM THEM, THEY WILL MAKE YOU A BETTER ELECTRICIAN”

THE FIRST E VER WINNER!

The search for outstanding female electrical learners kicked off earlier this year with two regional competitions in February and March, and the SPARKS team and expert judges were blown away by the skills on display.

Level 2 and 3 female student electricians of all ages, from colleges nationwide competed in a live practical installation for the chance to win a place in the grand final. Marking competitors were Head Judge Darren Oates, Technical Development Manager from NET and professional electricians, Amy BarrattSingh (@amythesparky) and Danny Webb (@sparkymilan).

The judges had a tough time marking, as the standard was so high, but after much deliberation, the successful finalists were announced. The six regional finalists went on to compete at the grand final which took place on 30th March, at Loughborough College, where the winner and runner-up were chosen.

The first-ever SPARKS Female Skills winner is Jane Thorp from Suffolk New College and the runner-up is Jade Norris from Bath College.

A MASSIVE THANK YOU TO ALL OUR SPONSORS:

HEADLINE

SPONSOR

MEET THE RUNNER-UP JADE NORRIS

BATH COLLEGE

SPARKS: How did it feel when your name was called out as runner-up?

Jade Norris: It was really good to hear! I feel very proud of myself for reaching this far.

SPARKS: How has it been to meet fellow female competitors?

JN: Great! I’ve never met another female electrician before — now I’ve met a lot.

SPARKS: What would you say has been your biggest takeaway from competing?

JN: I'm a quick worker, but now I’ve learnt I can be even faster.

SPARKS: How did you find the competition overall?

JN: Everything’s been easy. Any questions I’ve had have been answered. The whole competition has been run very smoothly.

SPARKS: What do you think about all the prizes you received?

JN: They have been amazing. I didn't realise there would be so many prizes, as I already received some at the regional. Thank you!

"The competition is brilliant! At Hager, we are always keen to support the next generation of electricians. The students are often surprised at just how capable they are and competitions like these, help to build that self-belief, which is great for the industry."

DID YOU KNOW?

According to the Office for National Statistics, as little as 1% of the UK Construction Industry are female.

“I’VE NEVER MET ANOTHER FEMALE ELECTRICIAN BEFORENOW I’VE MET A LOT!”

Brittney Cooper, Digital and Communications Marketing Executive from Hager.

On 30th March, after two close-run regional heats, and some incredible demonstrations of electrical ability, Jane Thorp was announced as the first-ever SPARKS Female Skills winner.

MEET THE WINNER!

SPARKS: How did it feel to be named as the first-ever SPARKS Female Skills winner?

JANE THORP: Amazing! I wasn’t expecting it. Well, I mean I tried my best so I was expecting it a little bit, but it was still so surreal when you hear your name called out.

SPARKS: What would you say has been your biggest takeaway from this experience?

JT: Try your hardest and you will succeed.

SPARKS: How did you find the competition?

JT: Really good. Being able to be a part of it has been amazing. And it's been nice to talk to other females in the industry.

SPARKS: Can you sum up today in a couple of words?

JT: Fun and exciting.

SPARKS: What do you think of the prizes?

JT: The prizes are absolutely amazing! I wasn't expecting to get all of that, and the money as well!

SPARKS: What's it been like to use so many products from a range of manufacturers?

JT: It’s been a really good experience working with tools and products from the sponsors that I haven’t used before.

SPARKS: What's been the hardest part of the competition?

JT: The hardest part is probably the pressure that you're under, so you just have to make sure you are having fun too.

SPARKS: What are you going to do to celebrate tonight?

JT: Go to sleep!

“I WOULD SUM UP TODAY AS FUN AND EXCITING!”

ON TOP OF YOUR GAME

At the end of your apprenticeship you’ll need to complete the AM2 or AM2S Assessment before you can become fully qualified.

WHAT IS THIS?

It’s an in-depth assessment where you have to carry out specific tasks to show what you have learned during your apprenticeship.

BE PREPARED!

NET has a Self-Assessment Checklist so you can look at exactly what you need to do and make sure you have gained the right knowledge and practical experience. The AM2/AM2S is the pinnacle of everything you’ve learnt during your apprenticeship. So why not be proud of your skills and training and make it your mission to pass first time?

Ask your training provider about the AM2 or AM2S Checklist or find out more at www.netservices.org.uk/candidate-guidance

REVISION GUIDE BY LEWIS BLAKEMORE

ARC FAULTS & AFDDS

Although they are not new devices, with AFDD technology being in use throughout Europe and the USA for some time, these products have become more prominent in UK electrical installations since the publication of the BS7671 2018 Amendment 2, in September 2022.

WHAT IS AN ARC FAULT?

An electrical arc is created in the gap between two conductors. In this situation, when a current has a high voltage, a constant arc will form resulting in the air turning from gas to plasma. This will create temperatures of up to 6000°C. If the arc is unintentional, they can result in fires that can damage property and produce a danger to life.

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF ARC FAULTS AN AFDD WILL DETECT?

There are two different types of arc faults that can occur:

■ Parallel arc faults happen when damage caused to cable insulation allows current to flow between conductors, most likely line and neutral.

■ Series arc faults happen in loose terminal connections, damaged conductors etc.

Electrical Lecturer at Wigan & Leigh College

AFDD is an acronym for Arc Fault Detection Device. They are designed to protect circuits from damage caused by arc faults. Read on to find out more.

The most common causes of arcs include worn contacts in electrical equipment, damage to insulation, break in a cable and loose connections

PARALLEL ARC FAULT SERIES ARC FAULT

HOW DO ARC FAULTS OCCUR?

WHAT IS AFDD PROTECTION?

To keep things simple, AFDDs are a type of protective device installed at the origin of an installation (in the consumer unit) to protect the circuits from damage arising from arc faults.

AFDD devices are designed to operate with both series and parallel circuit arc faults. These protective devices do not have an electromagnetic operation, like the trigger used in circuit breakers and RCDs, but instead make use of electronic technology to evaluate the signature of an arc within the waveform of the circuit.

BS7671 2018 Amendment 2:2022 stipulates that it is now a requirement to protect single phase AC final circuits supplying socket-outlets with a rated current not exceeding 32A within certain installations.

SCAN HERE

To check out Hager’s AFDD ProTools

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY:

Research and write a report on the following, with regards to AFDDs:

■ Advantages and Disadvantages

■ How are they installed?

■ Are any specialist tools required?

■ Give an example of where you would install AFDDs

■ Are they mandatory?

■ What do the Regulations say?

YOU ARE TO….

■ Utilise your session to use the internet and research these items and produce a typed assignment

■ Include images in your answers

■ Submit your finished assignment to your tutor.

Feedback will be given.

QUICK QUIZ

Q1 On which circuits are AFDDs mandatory?

Answer:

Q2 Where should an AFDD be fitted?

Answer:

Q3 What are the two types of arc fault an AFDD will detect?

Answer:

Q4 In which four building types are AFDD mandatory?

1. Higher Risk Residential Buildings (HRRBs)

2. Purpose Built Student Accommodation

3. Care Homes

4. Homes in Multiple Occupation

Answer: Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

“AFDDS ARE DEVICES DESIGNED TO PROTECT CIRCUITS FROM DAMAGE CAUSED BY ARC FAULTS”

Neutral in (flying lead)

ARC FAULTS & AFDDS QUIZ

Covering: C&Gs 2365 Level 3 Unit 305 and C&Gs 2357 Unit 605 or EAL equivalent.

Q1 A suitable arc fault detection device can include which one of the following? Ans.

A A residual current circuit breaker

B A miniature circuit breaker

C A single device with an integrated protective device

D A separate unit manufactured off site

Q2 A device designed to limit a transient overvoltage is called: Ans.

A A high voltage detector

B A transient overvoltage device

C A surge prevention device

D A surge protective device

Q3 The system of internal arc fault protection is typically associated with: Ans.

A A switchboard used in special applications

B A fused–switch

C A switch-fuse

D An isolator used to control a single load

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free.

Q4 The arc fault detection device must be installed: Ans.

A Between the service cut-out and the consumers control unit in a domestic dwelling

B In any D.C. circuits supplying individual loads

C At the origin of the final circuit to be protected in a domestic dwelling

D In three-phase supply systems supplying commercial electrical loads

Q5

Arc fault protection devices used in purpose-built student accommodation shall be provided for single-phase AC final circuits supplying socketoutlets with a rated current not exceeding: Ans.

A 40A

B 32A

C 16A

D 13A

Q6 The abbreviation HRRB means which one of the following? Ans.

A High Risk Retired persons Buildings

B High Risk Residential Buildings

C Higher Risk Residential Buildings

D Higher Risk Related Buildings

FEATURE: DRINKING WATER TREATMENT

Q7 The appropriate British Standard associated with arc fault detection devices is: Ans.

A BS EN 36206

B BS EN 62606

C BS 30609

D BS EN 30609

Q8

In medical locations which of the following groups are arc fault detection devices subject to a risk assessment? Ans.

A Group 1

B Group 2

C Group 0

D Group 1 & 2

Q9 In electrical installations the risk of injury may result from the following, except: Ans.

A Shock currents

B Failure of an electric heating device

C Ignition of a potentially explosive atmosphere

D Arcing or burning

Q10 An end-user test button is provided for which of the following devices? Ans.

A BS 3036 semi-enclosed fuse

B BS EN 50428 switching device

C BS EN 60898 circuit-breaker

D BS EN 62606 arc fault detection device

The On-Site Guide enables the competent electrician to deal with installations (up to 100A, 3-phase) providing essential information in a convenient, easy-touse format.

ON-SITE GUIDE

How well do you know the On-Site Guide BS 7671:2018+A2:2022

REVISION GUIDE PROVIDED BY WAYNE TIMMINS Electrical Lecturer at Lincoln College

Test your knowledge by filling in the answers to these questions. We have answered the first question for you.

Q1 Where is the information on the applications of flexible cables?

Answer:

Applications for flexible cables

Table C2 page 148.

Q2 Where would you find the conduit factors for conduit incorporating multiple bends?

Answer:

Q3 Which table will provide you with the cable factors for trunking?

Answer:

Q4 You will find information on the length of an overhead span between buildings where?

Answer:

Q5 Where would you find the mV/A/m for 6mm2 ?

Answer:

Q6 Which table would you use to find the rating factor of a cable which is no greater than 300mm in length in insulation?

Answer:

Q7 Which table provides you with the cable factors for use in conduit over 4m in length?

Answer:

Q8 Where will you find the current-carrying capacity of cables?

Answer:

Q9 Where will you locate the conduit factor for a small, straight run of conduit?

Answer:

ANKLE PROTECTION

You’ll also need to protect yourself against twisted ankles, which means opting for work boots with enough ankle support. The weight of safety boots can put additional strain on the ankles which makes that extra support even more important.

NO CAP: YOU NEED TOE CAPS!

Every year, around 7,000 construction workers are injured following a slip or trip at work. Safety boots are an essential part of your PPE and wearing them should always be a priority. Here’s what you should consider when choosing a pair.

GRIP

Professional safety boots will offer adequate grip so that when you are walking on slippery or uneven surfaces, you’ll avoid tripping or slipping and potentially long-term injury. Slips, trips or falls are the second most common type of workplace accident in Great Britain.

Safety footwear is designed to protect your feet from any hazards or obstacles you might face when working on a construction site or in a domestic property. Safety boots are a must if you want to avoid injuries and lost earnings!

“SLIPS, TRIPS OR FALLS ARE THE SECOND MOST COMMON TYPE OF WORKPLACE ACCIDENT IN GREAT BRITAIN”

TOE CAPS

MID-SOLE PROTECTION

This normally consists of a steel plate that protects the sole of the foot against puncture or penetration — if you tread on a nail, for example. Always check boots feature the CE mark which shows they comply with the Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 2002. Source: Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous

“ BE SAFE ”

Steel toecaps, or a similarly tough composite toe, will protect against dropped objects. Both a steel and composite toe must provide 200 joules of protection. Remember, the bones and tendons in your foot are delicate and damage could put you out of action for months, which means no money.

WEAR THEM NOW, OR PAY LATER!

As co-publisher of the IET Wiring Regulations, now updated to BS 7671:2018+A2:2022, we have lots of information and guidance available to help you get into the electrical industry.

From informative articles on different ways into industry and the most relevant qualifications, to videos designed to help de-mystify certain areas of the IET Wiring Regulations, our website is full of useful resources for electrical students, including:

– Books for students, such as the Student’s Guide to the IET Wiring Regulations

– The Student’s Guide video series including topics such as Safe Isolation and Risk Assessment

– Wiring Matters magazine articles to help you with your studies

– A job profile bank detailing some of the many different career options available to you when you qualify

LIGHT COMMERCIAL: ESSENTIAL SOLUTIONS

Check out these industry-proven mid-market products from Schneider Electric, offering fast and easy installation, safe circuit protection, and fewer connections.

Schneider Electric’s KQ, i-Line, and Easy9 suite of products are now available from all major UK distributors and retailers to support commercial installations for businesses, residential buildings, schools and public buildings, and high-end property installations.

The ranges use a set of reliable connections, with fewer terminal connections to torque tests, reducing the frequency of ongoing maintenance and costly upgrades. In addition, each product is supported by metering boards that provide detailed visibility of lighting and power usage to drive energy efficiency.

Now available as flexible and scalable solutions designed to meet the unique specifications for light commercial buildings, these products are aimed at independent contractors making the step up from domestic to light commercial installations, and electrical firms, who need reliable products for existing and future projects.

I-LINE PANEL BOARDS

Available in three categories (250A

Rated, 400A Rated, 630A Rated) and different pole variants to meet size and specification needs. Suitable for both industrial and commercial installations and compliant with building regulations, the units are prefabricated and can be mounted quickly.

KQ DISTRIBUTION BOARDS

The KQ product range is a wellestablished, 3 phase application distribution system that will cater to most installations. The KQ loadcentre, with metering and integral control, supports a modular and flexible solution that can be deployed as a single distribution board, or as multiple boards that make up a more complex system.

EASY9 COMPACT AND MULTIROW

Available in a range of sizes from a compact consumer unit for standard household requirements, to a multirow unit that supports higher density circuits for larger residential buildings and properties.

SCAN HERE

For more information visit:

“THE SMALL AND MEDIUM BUILDING CATEGORY IS A HIGHLY COMPETITIVE SPACE”

HANDY TIP

ALWAYS ENSURE YOU HAVE ACCESS TO VERSATILE SOLUTIONS THAT ARE RELIABLE, QUICK, AND EASY TO INSTALL.

REVISION GUIDE BY JAKE HARDCASTLE Intermediate Electrical Engineer at Thornley & Lumb Partnership Ltd

EV CHARGING SYSTEMS

Building Regulations (Approved Document S) requires all new homes built in England to have EV points installed, as well as new-build workplaces, supermarkets and buildings undergoing major renovations.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

DO I NEED TO INSTALL AN EARTH ELECTRODE?

This depends on whether your EV charger incorporates PEN fault detection. If it doesn’t, you will be required to install an earth electrode or a separate PEN fault device.

DO I NEED TO INSTALL RCD PROTECTION?

Again, this depends on whether or not your charger incorporates RCD protection. The correct type of RCD protection is required to prevent the RCD being rendered inoperable by any DC currents. Most chargers will incorporate this so you may not need to do a separate installation. However, you will still need to install upfront RCD protection if you are installing your cable in a way that warrants it, in order to comply with BS7671.

QUICK QUIZ

Q1 EV charging points always require an earth electrode?

TRUE or FALSE

Answer:

Q2 An RCD label should be installed adjacent to each RCD device?

TRUE or FALSE

Answer:

With the ban on Internal Combustion Engine vehicles set to come into effect in 2030, the demand for EV chargers is soaring.

“TO MEET ZERO EMISSIONS BY 2050, EV CHARGERS ARE NOW REQUIRED IN ALL NEW HOMES AND BUILDINGS”

CALCULATION FOR A SINGLE-PHASE EV CHARGER

First we must find our design current (Ib)Most single-phase EV chargers are 7.4kW so let’s use a single-phase 7.4kW charger in this example.

We can find Ib by using the formula Power/ Voltage. Therefore 7400/230 = 32.17A

The next step is to select a protective device (In) equal to or greater than the design current (Ib).

For this example we will say we are using a BSEN60898 MCB (type B), therefore the next size up is a 40A MCB (Max Zs = 1.09)

The rated current of the protective device (In) must then be divided by any applicable rating factors such as ambient temperature (Ca) , cables buried in the ground (Cc) etc.

Let's assume our cable is buried in the ground at a depth of 0.5m, therefore Cc=0.9. Let’s assume this is the only factor applicable to keep it simple. Therefore: 40/0.9 = 44.44A

We must then select a cable with a tabulated current carrying capacity equal to or greater than the value above for the circuit installed under its defined conditions. It ≥ 44.44.

Selecting a multicore armoured 90⁰ thermosetting cable from table 4E4A , column 6 (reference method D) of BS7671, we need to select a 6mm2 cable to satisfy this. 6mm2 has a tabulated CCC of 53A when installed to this reference method.

Volt drop must then be verified to check the requirements of BS7671 are satisfied. The R1+R2 and Zs of the circuit must then be verified against the max permissible Zs. The minimum CPC size should also be verified using the adiabatic equation, as should the tripping time using time/current curves from BS7671.

TOP TIP

SCAN HERE

to find out more about the ‘Approved Document S’ regulations surrounding EV chargers

Here is an example of a quick calculation for a single-phase installation.

WHEN DECIDING BETWEEN A TETHERED AND UNTETHERED CHARGER, BE SURE TO GO THROUGH THE PROS AND CONS OF BOTH AND DISCUSS WITH THE CUSTOMER SO THEY CAN CHOOSE WHAT’S BEST FOR THEM.

EV CHARGING POINTS

Go

The following exercises concern electric vehicle charging points and their infrastructure.

Reference can be made to the IET

BS7671: 2018 Amendment 2: 2022. Additional information and guidance can be found at The Energy Saving Trust and the GOV.UK low emission and electric vehicle websites. For each question, decide if the answer or statement is true or false.

Q1 Rapid and Ultra-Rapid is one category of electric vehicle charging.

ANSWER TRUE FALSE

Q2 Electric vehicle charging points cannot be installed off-road for domestic premises.

ANSWER TRUE FALSE

Q3 Three typical electric vehicle charging locations can be classified as: off-street, on-street and workplace.

ANSWER TRUE FALSE

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION: BUILDINGS & STRUCTURES

Covering: C&Gs 2365 level

2 Unit 203 / C&G 2365 Level

3 Unit 305 / C&G 2357 Units 605 / 606 / 607 and 608 or EAL equivalents.

Q4

Regulations regarding electric vehicle charging employing the inductive charging method, are included in the Special Installations or Locations section of BS7671.

ANSWER TRUE FALSE

Q5 An electrical final circuit supplying charging equipment for electric vehicles must not include a PEN conductor.

ANSWER TRUE FALSE

Q6

The use of obstacles to provide a suitable protective measure to electric vehicle charging equipment is considered an appropriate means of protection against electric shock.

Q7

If a protective conductor of an electric vehicle charging installation is connected to an earth electrode, the cross-sectional-area of the protective conductor must not be less than 25mm2.

Q8

If one electric vehicle charging point is supplied through a fixed isolating transformer complying with BS EN61558-2-4, the protective measure afforded is known as ‘Electrical Separation’.

Q9

Electric vehicle charging equipment installed outdoors must have a degree of protection against environmental conditions of at least IPX4.

Q10

The location and design of electric vehicle charging equipment must be suitable to withstand a maximum impact of IK08 in accordance with BS EN 62262, ‘Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts’.

Q11

With reference to electrical installations the letters DNO refer to which one of the following? Ans.

A Distribution network system operator

B District network supplier operations

C District network operator

D Distribution network operations

Q12

The earthing system that is identified by the letters PME means that the system is which of the following? Ans.

A TT

B TN-S

C TN-C

D TN-C-S

Q13

The connection of an electric vehicle to an AC network using a standardised socket-outlet not exceeding 16A and 250V AC is called: Ans.

A Mode 1 charging

B Mode 2 charging

C Mode 3 charging

D Mode 4 charging

Q14

The definition ‘Charging Equipment’ is which one of the following? Ans.

A An assembly including one or more charging points

B An assembly with more than one charging point

C Switchgear supplying one or more charging points

D An assembly with only one charging point

AM2 - PREPARE TO SUCCEED

The NET website has lots of resources to help you in the weeks and months as you approach the end of your apprenticeship and are getting ready for your End Point Assessment.

1

The NET Readiness for Assessment Checklist covers all the skills and knowledge you’ll need for each section of the assessment – review this in great detail and if you’re not confident on any areas, speak to your training provider and employer.

YOU SHOULD NOT BE SIGNING THIS CHECKLIST UNTIL YOU’RE COMPLETELY READY FOR THE ASSESSMENT.

2

The AM2 PreAssessment Manual presents each section of the assessment in detail, along with common errors that others have made. Review this carefully so you don’t make some of the simple mistakes that could trip you up.

It also covers what happens when you arrive at the assessment centre, so you can start to familiarise yourself with the process.

3

NET’s Top Tips Videos cover hints and tips relating to each assessment section. Watch these to get a good idea of what you need to concentrate on and what to avoid.

Download the NET Inspection & Testing app with Sparky Ninja to help you get hands-on with some of the key tests you’ll encounter during the assessment. For each test you can watch a video of the correct process, then use the interactive app to try it out for yourself.

You can find all these resources and more advice at:

www.netservices.org.uk/get-ready

If you’ve got your AM2 assessment coming up, make sure you’re prepared!

“THE AM2 PRE-ASSESSMENT MANUAL PRESENTS EACH SECTION OF THE ASSESSMENT IN DETAIL”

WHAT DOCS DO I NEED TO KNOW ABOUT?

The purpose of construction documents is to ensure that building projects are designed, planned, installed, commissioned, and handed over properly.

typical building project will normally follow three main stages. To help identify these stages the following diagram may be useful. Note, this is not an exhaustive list, however it does illustrate some of the many important documents and drawings associated with each stage:

CERTIFICATES

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

SEE HOW WELL YOU KNOW YOUR DOCUMENTS IN THE QUIZ OVERLEAF!

APPLICATIONS

SPECIFICATION

CONTRACT

QUOTATION

mix & match

During your career, you will need to complete various documentation. See if you can match the document name with the correct description.

VARIATION ORDER QUOTATION SCHEMATIC DRAWING ARCHITECT’S DRAWINGS

PROPOSAL ESTIMATE JOB SHEET

WIRING DIAGRAM PURCHASE ORDER A

A diagram showing a detailed arrangement of electrical connections between components and accessories

BAn initial idea regarding a development to be later planned

DThis is a statement, made by a contractor, of the expected cost of the work to be carried out

EThis is a statement or offer outlining the cost of carrying out a particular task or set of tasks for the customer

C

These show the physical details of the buildings

FA written document identifying the materials and quantities of materials required and the address where the materials are to be delivered

GA document that is produced when a change is made to the original plan

HSometimes called a ‘ladder diagram’ because it resembles the rungs of a ladder in its layout

IThis document provides information concerning a particular job to be carried out

EARTHING SYSTEMS

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

WHAT ARE EARTHING SYSTEMS?

BS7671 states in regulation 542.1.2 that there are three common earthing systems in the UK, which are often named using abbreviations. The type of earthing system often depends on the location and type of installation it is supplying. The three common earthing arrangements in the UK are:

TN-C-S

1. TN-C-S

2. TN-S

3. TT

REVISION GUIDE BY CRAIG ROBINSON Electrical Installations Lecturer at Cambridge Regional College

TN-S

TN-S

TN-C-S

Earthing systems provide a safe pathway for electrical current to flow to the earth in the event of a fault.

WHY DO I NEED TO KNOW ABOUT EARTHING SYSTEMS?

Questions on earthing systems are common in your unit exams when studying to be an electrician.

You will also come across earthing systems in the design, installation, inspection and testing of electrical installations.

Try these five revision questions on earthing systems.

Q1 Which one of the following is not a UK earthing system? Ans.

A TN-S

B PME

C PEN

D TT

Q2 What does the abbreviation PME stand for? Ans.

A Positive Main Earth

B Protective Multiple Earth

C Protective Main Earthing

D Protection Means Earth

Q3 In a TT earthing system, which two conductors are supplied by the DNO? Ans.

A Line & Neutral

B Earth & Line

C Neutral & Earth

D L1 & L2

Q4 Which regulation in BS7671 gives information on earthing systems? Ans.

A 522.2.1

B 542.1.2

C 433.1.1

D 512.2.4

Q5 What does DNO stand for? Ans.

A Device Not Operating

B Do Not Open

C Distributors Network Operator

D Distribution Network Operators

DRAW A LINE TO MATCH THE CORRECTION DEFINITIONS:

TN-C-S

Arrangement has been supplied by the DNO with a separate earth and neutral conductor. The earth is often the armouring on the supply cable.

TN-S PME

This type of earthing system is often called a Protective Multiple Earth.

Arrangement has been supplied by the DNO with a separate earth and neutral conductor. The earth is often the armouring on the supply cable.

Arrangement has been supplied by the DNO with a combined earth and neutral supply conductor.

EARTHING ARRANGEMENTS AND PROTECTIVE CONDUCTORS

Covering: Outcome 2 of Unit 304, Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91, or EAL equivalent.

You may find it helpful to have a copy of BS 7671:2018+Amendment 2:2022 for reference to answers.

Q1 TN-C-S, TN-S and TT are all types of?

Answer:

Q2 The ‘Earthing Conductor’ is the protective conductor that connects the main earthing terminal (MET), to which other points in both TT and TN systems?

Answer:

Q3 Give three examples of suitable earth electrodes that could be installed in a TT installation?

Answer:

Q4 What is the minimum cross-sectional area of a buried pvc insulated copper earthing conductor protected against corrosion by a sheath and protected against mechanical damage?

Answer:

Q5 The cross-sectional area of a protective conductor, other than a protective bonding conductor, can be determined by one of two methods. What are the two methods?

Answer:

Q6 Identify the ‘k’ value to be used in the procedure to select a suitable protective conductor if the protective conductor is the steel wire armour of a 90oC thermoplastic (PVC) SWA cable.

Answer:

Q7 A protective conductor is to be selected to be bunched with other cables in a trunking. The protective conductor is to be copper and covered in 700C thermoplastic insulation. If the fault current is likely not to exceed 220A with a disconnection time of 1 second, calculate the minimum size of the protective conductor to be specified.

Answer:

Q8 Modern equipment such as switch-mode power supplies, light dimming devices and IT equipment requires a ‘functional earth’ to ensure satisfactory operation. State the requirements for electrical equipment which has a protective conductor current that exceeds 10mA in normal use.

Answer:

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Q9 Identify the following abbreviations and symbols relating to earthing and bonding systems:

Q10 Identify the significant sections of a single phase supply system when an earth fault occurs between the line conductor and circuit protective conductor on a Class I item of electrical equipment. Show a simple line diagram from the supply source to load and label each part.

ANY STATS FOR 'ELECTROCUTED WHILE CHARGING CAR' YET?

HOW MANY PROBLEMS CAN YOU SPOT IN ONE SOCKET?

While most electricians and electrical engineers are fully qualified and do a great job, there are some out there who do some shocking work - sometimes literally! We’ve teamed up with Crap Electrical UK to bring you our regular gruesome gallery of weird wiring, ludicrous lighting and shoddy sockets.

“ERROR CHECK”

I HOPE HE'S GOT RUBBER WELLIES ON!

NOT SURE THIS WILL SAVE A CUSTOMER'S HOUSE FROM FIRE!

LOOKING GOOD FROM MY HOUSE!

WHY USE A DRILL WHEN A BULLET SHOULD DO THE TRICK!

EPIC FAIL

WHO NEEDS TWO LIGHTS WHEN ONE WILL DO!

SAVES CHASING THE WALL!

SPARE RCD? NICE OF THE INSTALLER

WHAT PART NOT TO LOOK AT!

During

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