முகடு -6 by முகடு

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A+iy 05.

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td;dpapy; xU ntw;wpfukhd E}y; ntspaPL Nah.Gul;rp

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Nfs;tpf;nfd;d gjpy; thR KfNty;

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jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

,lJ - tyJ rhu;G murpay; Stalin Dass cyfpy; cs;s ngUk;ghz;ikahd murpay; fl;rpfs; kw;Wk; ,af;fq;fis ,lJ rhupfs;> tyJ rhupfs; my;yJ eLepiyahsu;fs; vd;w ngUk; gpupTfspy; cs;slf;fptplyhk;. ,e;j ,lJrhup> tyJrhup vd;W tifg;gLj;Jk; Kiw vg;gb Njhd;wpaJ ? 1700 fspd; gpw;gFjpfspy; gpnuQ;R ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; cUthd epjpneUf;fb> czT gw;whf;Fiw> tWik> nghJ kf;fs; kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;l msTf;F mjpfkhd tupr;Rik ,it vjidAk; fz;Lnfhs;shj murd; vd gpnuQ;R Kbahl;r;rpapd; kPJ kf;fSf;F fLk; mtek;gpf;if Vw;gl;bUe;jJ. md;iwa gpnuQ;R rKjhak; %d;W gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. Kjy; gpuptpduhf jpUr;rigia rhu;e;j FUkhu;fSk; mjd; epu;thfpfSk;> ,uz;lhk; gpuptpduhf gpuGf;fSk; %d;whk; gpuptpduhf nghJkf;fSk; ,Ue;jdu;. 1789 Mk; Mz;L gpnuQ;R nghJkd;wj;jpw;fhd Nju;jy; eilngw;wJ. gy Nghuhl;lq;fSf;F gpwF mJ tiuapYk; ,y;yhj eilKiwahf nghJkf;fSf;F ,uz;L gq;F ,lq;fis fpilj;jJ. mjd;gb kd;wj;jpy; ehd;fpy; ,uz;L gq;F ,lq;fs; nghJ kf;fSf;Fk;> xU gq;F jpUr;rigahUf;Fk;> xU gq;F gpuGf;fSf;Fk; xJf;fg;gl;lJ. Nju;jypy; 1201 Ngu; nghJ kd;wj;jpw;F njupthdhu;fs; mjpy; 201 Ngu; gpuGf;fs;> 300 Ngu; ghjpupahu;fs;> vQ;rpa 610 Ngu; %d;whk; gpuptpduhfpa nghJkf;fs;. nghJkf;fSf;Fk; kw;w ,uz;L gpupTfSf;Fk; Vw;gl;l Kuz;ghl;lhy; %d;whk; gpuptpduhd

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kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfs; gpupe;J nrd;W jdpNa kd;wj;ij $l;bdu;. mJ Njrpa kd;wk; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ. midj;J KbTfisAk; jhq;fNs vLf;fNghtjhfTk; murpd; epu;thfk; jq;fs; fl;Lg;ghl;bNyNa ,Uf;Fk; vdTk; mtu;fs; mwptpj;jdu;. kf;fsplk; mtu;fSf;F KO MjuT fpilj;jJ. rpy gpuGf;fSk;> jpUr;rigahUk; kd;wj;Jf;F mq;fPfhuk; mspf;f Kd;te;jdu;. Kjypy; kd;wj;ij Klf;f vj;jdpj;j kd;du; Y}ap gpwF NtW topapd;wp Njrpa kd;wj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. gpnuQ;R ,uhr;rpak; KOtJk; gjw;wkhd R+o;epiyAk;> rpy ,lq;fspy; fytuq;fSk; epfo;e;jJ. ,e;j kd;wj;jpd; Nehf;fk; gpuhd;Rf;fhd murpay; mikg;ig cUthf;fp gpupj;jhdpa ,uhr;rpaj;ij Nghy gpuhd;irAk; murpay; mikg;Gf;F cl;gl;l Kbahl;r;rpahf khw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhf ,Ue;jJ.. Kjy; eltbf;ifahf ,k;kd;wk; epyTilikia xopj;J> jpUr;rgahUf;Fk; gpuGf;fSf;Fk; ,Ue;j tuptR+ypf;Fk; mjpfhuq;fis gwpj;Jf;nfhz;lJ> gbg;gbahf mtu;fs; nrhj;Jf;fs; Njrpa kakhdJ. xU fl;lj;jpy; msTf;F mjpfkhf jpUr;rigapd; fUT+yj;jpy; ,Ue;j nghUl;f;fs; Vyj;jpw;F te;jd. fLk; mjpUg;jp mile;j jpUr;rigahUk;> gpuGf;fSk; FOf;fshf gpupa Muk;gpj;jdu;. jq;fSf;F fl;lw;w mjpfhuj;ij toq;fpa gioa kd;duhl;r;rp jpUk;g tu Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fuy; nfhLf;f njhlq;fpdu;. ,tu;fs; mitapy; Njrpa kd;wj;jpd; Kd;dtu; ,Uf;iff;F tyJ gf;fj;jpy;

mku;e;jdu;. ,jid vjpu;j;j Gul;r;rpahsu;fs; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; mku;e;jdu;. mJ Kjy; goikthjpfs; tyJ rhupfs; vdTk; Gul;r;rpahsu;fs; ,lJ rhupfs; vdTk; gpuhd;rpy; mwpag;gl;ldu;. 1789 Mk; Mz;L murpay; mikg;Gf;F cl;gl;l kd;duhl;rp Ntz;Lk; vd;W cUthd gpnuQ;R Gul;rp > gpd;G gpuhd;ir Fbaurhf khw;wp ,Wjpahf 1799 Mk; Mz;L neg;Nghypad; vDk; ru;thjpfhupaplk; ifaspj;jJld; epiwTf;F te;jJ. Fbaurhf khw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;w Gul;rpapd; mbg;gil Nehf;fk; Njhy;tpAw;whYk;> mJ mwpKfg;gLj;jpa ,lJ - tyJ vDk; rhu;G mikg;Gfs;. murpay; Kiw INuhg;gpa murpaypYk; gpwF cyf murpaypYk; epiyj;Jtpl;lJ. tyJrhupfshf fUjg;gLgtu;fs; (fUjg;gLk; gpnuQ;R Gul;rpapd; NghJ jpUr;rigahUk;> jj;Jtg; gpupTfs;) gpuGf;fSk;> kd;dupd; tpRthrpfSk; tyJ rhupfshf fUjg;gl;ldu;. khw;wk; Ntz;ba kw;w Kjyhspj;Jtk; (Capitalism)> goikthjpfs; midtUk; ,lJrhupfshf mwpag;gl;ldu;> ,jpy; (Conservatives)> gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; (ReactiongpuG FLk;gq;fis rhuhj KjyhspfSk;> ngUk; aries)> Kbahl;r;rpf;F Mjuthdtu;fs; (Monarthzpgu;fSk; mlf;fk;. chists)> nghUspay; jhuhz;ikapathjpfs; (Economic libertarians)> r%f Mjpf;fthjpfs; (Social njhopy; Gul;rpahy; khwp te;j Kjyhspj;Jt authoritarians)> rkar;rhu;ghl;rpahsu;fs; (TheonghUshjhu R+oypy; kd;du;fSk;> gpuGf;fSk; crats) - ,iwtNdh> ,iwtdpd; fl;lisf;F kiwe;J me;j ,lq;fis ngU Kjyhspfs; cl;gl;L mtuJ J}JtNuh Ml;rp nra;fpwhu;fs; vd;w Mf;fpukpj;Jf;nfhz;ldu;. ,lJ rhupfshf kf;fs; Nfhl;ghL. Njrpathjpfs; (Nationalists) - jq;fis cupikfSf;F NghuhLgtu;fs; epiyngw;wdu;. ntWk; Njrpathjpfshf milahsg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;gtu;fs; Nkw;f;Fyfpy; ngUk;ghYk; ,d;iwa cyf murpaypy; ,lJrhupfshf Kjyhspj;Jt goikthj Mjuthsu;fshfNt fUjg;gLgtu;fs; (fUjg;gLk; jj;Jtg; gpupTfs;) cs;sdu;. ghrprk; (Facism)> Njrpathj nghJTilik (National Socialism) - ,l;yu; r%fTilikahsu;fs; (communists)> mtu;fs; gpd;gw;wpa murpay; Kiw. nghJTilikahsu;fs; (socialists)> nghJTilik Njrpathjk; (Socialist Na- ,lJ - tyJ murpaypy; ve;j gf;fKk; tionalism / Left Wing Nationalism)> r%f rhahky; eLepiythjj;ijNa (Centrism) jq;fs; jhuhz;ikapathjpfs; (social liberals)> r%f nfhs;ifahf nfhz;l mikg;GfSk; cz;L. rdehafthjpfs; (social democrats)> rdehaf Nrh\yp];Lfs;/nghJTilikthjpfs; (demo- NkYk; ,e;j ,lJ-tyJ murpaYf;Fs; cl;glhJ cratic socialists)> gRik/R+oypay; mikg;Gfs; ntt;NtW kjk; rhu;e;j my;yJ gz;ghL rhu;e;j (greens)> kjr;rhu;gw;wtu;fs; (secularists)> tuyhw;W Nghjidfis my;yJ gof;fq;fis murpd;ikthjpfs; (anarchists)> Nghu; vjpu;g;G cs;thq;fp> xd;wpizj;J jdpNa xU murpay; ,af;fq;fs;> kdpj cupik mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk; nfhs;ifia cUthf;fk; nra;Ak; murpay; Kiw ,tw;iw xj;j rpj;jhe;jj;ij gpd;gw;Wk; Vida fyg;G murpay; (Syncretic Politics / Syncretism) jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

vdg;gLfpwJ vRg;ghdpa kw;Wk; Nghu;j;JfPrpa gz;ghLfisAk;> Nuhkd; fj;Njhypf;f jpUr;rigapd; kj Nghjfq;fisAk; cs;thq;fpf;nfhz;L nghJTilik> Kjyhspj;Jtk; > kdpj cupikfs; vd midj;ijAk; Klf;fp A+j kw;Wk; tpLjiy fl;Leu;fs; (Free Masons) vjpu;g;G Nghd;w nfhs;iffSld; Ml;rp Gupe;j vRg;ghdpa ru;thjpfhup gpuhd;rp];Nfh gpuhq;Nfhtpd; Fala ngism kw;Wk; Francoism Nghd;w murpay; nfhs;iffs; fyg;G murpaYf;F rpwe;j cjhuzk;. ,g;gjpT ,lJ-tyJ murpay; gw;wpa mbg;gil jfty; kl;LNk. khe;ju;fs; $b tho njhlq;fpaTld; mtu;fSf;F xU epu;thf mikg;ig Vw;gLj;jp mtu;fs; tho;f;if Kiwia newpgLj;j Kw;gl;lNghJ cUthd murpay;> fhyj;jpw;Fk; R+oYf;Fk; Vw;whu; Nghy; Gjpa jj;Jtq;fis cs;thq;fpf;nfhz;L Gjpa Gjpa rpj;jhe;jq;fshf> murpay; Kiwfshf Njhw;wk; nfhs;fpwJ. r%fkhf kdpju;fs; $b thOk; fhyk; tiu> mtu;fSf;fhd murpaYk; gupzhkk; ngw;W jioj;Njhq;Fk;.

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nkhop mtrpak; jhNd mjyh vd; mYty;fis tpsq;fp nra;tjw;F nfhQ;rk; gbr;rd;. mJf;fhf cq;fs fl;lhag;gLj;j ,y;y.nkhopagbf;FwJk; gbf;fhk tph;wJk; cq;fl tpUg;gk;. ehDk; tre;jpAk; Kfhikahsu re;jpf;f tupirapy; epf;Nff;f me;j gps;isAk; tre;jpf;F gpd;Df;F te;J epd;WJ. mJFk; CupypUe;J GJrhte;j gps;isahf;Fk;. FspUf;F Nghl;bUe;j cLg;Gk; mthz;l Nkf;fg;Nghlhj KfKk; fhl;bf;nfhLj;Jl;L. me;j gps;s vd;idAk; tre;jpiaAk; ghj;J mwpKfj;Jf;fhf xU nky;ypa rpupg;g rpupr;R Nghl;L Ngrhk ,Ue;JJ. nfhQ;r Neuk; fopj;J tre;jPl;l "ePq;f jkpNoh" vd;W Nfl;f> tre;jp nfhQ;rk; thahb Cupy xU go nkhop nrhy;Y tPdk; "gPf;F Ke;jpd...khjpup" "Xk; Xk; jkpo;jhd; yhg;Ngh];l; xd;W jpwf;fNtZk; mJjhd; te;jdhd;. ehd; gpuQ;R Rk;kh fijg;gd; vf;fTz;l; jpwf;Fwnjd;why; $l tpraq;fs; Nfg;ghq;fs; mJ jhd; mj;jhd $l;bf;nfhz;L te;jdhd;. mtu; te;J MW tUrk; erpdhyl;bAk; vLj;Jl;lhu; ,uz;L gps;isfs; "vd;W xNu Kof;fpy; Kof;fptpl;lhs;. ehNdh kdJf;f vd;d fWkj;Jf;flh ,ts; mwpKf kpy;yhj MSl;l ,g;gb nts;se;jpah NgRuhNs vd;W vz;zpf;nfhs;s me;j gps;isAk; tre;jPl;l "vdf;F ghr njupahJ cq;fl mj;jhd xUf;fh cjtp nra;ar;nrhy;Yq;Nfh" vd;W Nfl;fTk; tre;jpAk; "fl;lhak; mj;jhd; cjtp nra;thu; Vd; cq;fSf;F cjtpf;F Mf;fs; xUjUk; ,q;f ,y;iyNa vd;W Nfl;lhs; mtSk; "ehd; fypahzk; Ngrpj;jhd; Vad;rp %yk; ,q;f jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

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KfL

ntspahy Juj;jp tpl;Ll;lhd; vdf;F vq;f Nghwnjd;W njupa ,y;y. ,q;f cjtpf;F ahUk; ,y;y. mJ jhd; cq;fSl;l Xbte;jdhd;. ,uitf;F ,e;j fjpiuapy Xukha; ,Ue;Jl;L tpba nghypRf;F Nghud;"vd;W fz;fs; Mwha; nrhupa Fspupd; eLf;fj;jpy; Xntdf; fj;jpf;Fowpdhs;. mts; mSifia vd; kidtp mutidj;J Nghf;fp MWjyha;"tpba nghypRf;F Nghtk; ,g;g gLq;f"vd;W Nfhypy; ,Ue;j nrw;wpapy; gLf;fitj;jhs;. fhiy vl;L kzpapUf;Fk; J}f;ff; fyf;fj;ij Kwpj;J ghu;jhy; gLj;jpUe;j G];ghit fhztpy;iy kidtpia tprhupj;jhy; mtSf;Fk; njupatpy;iy.ehd; gjl;lj;jpy; mtSf;F Nfhy; vLj;Njd;. mg;NghJ"nry;Yq;fz;zh ehd; nghypRf;F NghfNtDk; vd;L tpba 5kzpf;Nf ,wq;fPl;ld; ,Ue;Jk; kdk; Nff;f ,y;y tPl;l te;jpl;ld;. ,e;jhq;Nfh ,tu; epf;Fwhu; fijAq;Nfh"vd;W mts; GUrdplk; Nghidf;nfhLj;jhs; vdf;F ,Ue;j Nfhtj;jpy mtDl;l "Nah ePu; vy;yhk; kDrdh Xa; ,uTy nghk;Gisa mbr;R tPl;l tpl;L Jwj;JwPu;"vd;W fpopf;f njhlq;fNt mtd; jd; nky;ypa Fuypy; "mz;zh mtt tPl;l jq;f tr;rJf;F ed;wp" vd;whd; vdf;F xNu Mr;rupak; vd;dlh ,td; ,g;gbf;fijf;fpwhNd vd;W ehDk; nrhy;Yq;f vd;d gpur;rd tPl;by vd;W Nfl;fNt ",y;iy mz;zh G];gh vd;Dila nrhe;j kr;rhy; jhd; ehd; mtt ,uz;lhk; jhukhjhd; fl;b ,Uf;Fwd; mtl GUrd; Mkp Rl;L nrj;jpl;lhu; Vad;rp %yk; $g;gpl;L ,Uf;Fwd;. ,d;Dk; vOj;J vOj ,y;y xg;uhy Nf]; ,Uf;F vd;d Nth VNjh njupa ,y;y ,g;gb.jkpohf;fs; ahuf;fz;lhYk; jd;d xU Vjpyp khjpup ghtid nra;J mtu;fSl;l vd;d $lhk nrhy;yp mDjhgk; Nju;wJ. cz;ikapy xU fztZf;Fupa vjpu; ghu;Gf;fis jhd; ehd; mtsplk; vjpu;ghf;fpwd; mJ jtwh?" vd;W vd;dplk; jd; epahaj;jpd; kPJ Nfs;tpia njhLj;jhd; cz;ikapy; mtd; Nfl;gJk; epahakhfNt gl;lJ ehd; G];ghtplk; Nghidf;FLf;f nrhd;Ndd;.G];gh "nrhy;Yq;f mz;zh"vd;whs; cd;Dyjhd; gpio Nghy

ftzkh ele;J nfhs; vd;W Nghid fl; gz;zpNdd;. Nkw;gb rk;gtk; ele;J xU thukpUf;Fk;.vdf;F nghyprpy; ,Ue;J miog;G "cdf;F G];ghitj;njupAkh? ehis vl;Lkzpf;F nghypRf;F th.vd;W ehd; nrhd;d Neuj;Jf;F te;jpl;ld; mtq;fs; ,d;Dk; $g;gpl ,y;y. ehd; epidf;Fwd; G];ghTf;F Kjy; GUrd ,oe;jJ kdj ghjpj;J ,Uf;Fk; vz;L. mg;gbjhd; G];ghl GUrDk; nrhd;dtd;. jkpod; kPJ Nkw;nfhs;s gl;l kpNyr;rj;jd khd ,d mopg;gpy; ,g;gb vj;jd Ngu;.? rpyNts G];ghTf;F vJk; ele;jpUf;FNkh ,y;y GUrd;jhd; vJk; nra;JNghl;lhNdh njupa ,y;y ehDk; Ntiya tpl;Ll;L te;jdhd;. xU nghyp];fhupapd; miu cr;rupg;gpy; "tjdd; tjdd;" vd;w miog;G rup ehd; cs;s Nghg;Nghud; vd;d gpur;ridNah cjtp nra;ag;Ngha; ctj;jukh te;jpUf;F. tprhud vd;dj;jg;gw;wpNah?

capu;%r;R ghu;tjp Rke;jJ fUty;y.... vq;fs; ghu;j;jPgd; Rke;jJk; grpay;y.. tPo;tJk; vOtJk; ntWk; Ngr;ry;y.. tPuu;fs; tho;tJk; rhtJk; ntWk; %r;ry;y.. Nkfq;fs; R+o;tJ kiof;fhf.. ,b kpd;dy;fs; tUtJk; mjw;fhf.. vq;fs; fupfhyd; gpwe;jJk; vjw;fhf flw;fiu kz; jd;dpy; jto;e;jJk; vjw;fhf.. cUthd tuyhW cUkhwpg;NghfhJ.. xUehSk; jpir khwpg;NghfhJ.. vJ tupDk; vtu; tupDk;

vkd; tupDk; vq;fs; tpLjiyia tpiyNgr KbahJ.. $l;likg;G $bf; Fyhtl;Lk;.. $j;jhll;Lk;.. vk;ik nfhd;wtid tuNtw;W tpUe;jhf;fl;Lk;.. tPRk; fhw;iw jkjhf;fl;Lk;.. MdhYk; KbahJ..KbahJ.. MuhYk; KbahJ... vq;fs; tpLjiyg; ngUntspia jkpoPo fUtiwia Jjpghbg; ngwKbahJ... njUtpy; epd;W ftpghbg; ngwKbahJ..

xNu top xw;iw top vq;fs; jhapDk; Nkyhd jiytd; je;j top... mJjhd; tPuu; top... tpLjiyia ngw;nwLf;Fk; ,Wjp top.. <d;nwLf;Fk; jkpoPok; ,e;j top ,e;j top ,e;j top......

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

ghypay; njspTk; r%f Nkz;ghLk;

rhu;s;]; n[ul;zk; Nghkd; "ehdhf ,j;jiyg;igj; Nju;e;njLf;ftpy;iy vOJtjw;F> fhyk;jhd; gj;jpupifahrpupaiuj; J}z;baJ ,j;jiyg;gpy; xU fl;Liuiag; gpuRupf;f vd;gjpy; cq;fnshUtUf;Fk; ,uz;L fUj;Jf;fs; ,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. ehdhf ,j;jiyg;igj; Nju;e;njLj;jpUf;f khl;Nld; ,J ,e;jr; re;ju;g;gkhf ,Ug;gjdhy;. jtpu> ,j;jiyg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; nrhw;fshd “ghypay;”> “njspT”> “r%f Nkk;ghL” vd;git vkJ r%fj;jpy; kpfTk; czu;Tfs; nghjpf;fg;gl;l [visceral]gjq;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gjhYk; ehd; ,j;jiyg;gpy; vOJtjw;Fj; jaq;fpapUg;Ngd;.

kdpj cupikfs; rhrdj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;ijf; nfhz;ljhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

mjdhnyd;d> xU tplaj;jpd; rpf;fyhd jd;ikjhNd mijj; njhl;L Muha;tjw;Fj; J}z;LfpwJ. vdNt> Muk;gpf;FKd;G ,Jgw;wpa vdJ epiyg;ghl;ilAk; mjd; fhuzj;ijAk; tpsf;f Kaw;rpg;gJ mtrpankd;W ek;GfpNwd;.

r%f Nkk;ghL vd;W ,q;Nf nrhy;Yk;NghJ ehk; thOk; r%fj;jpy; ghypay; gw;wp njspT Vw;gLtjhy; rpf;fy;fSk;> Fw;wq;fSk; Fiwtjhy; Vw;glf;$ba ed;ikfisNa Fwpf;fpwJ. mLj;jjhf rpy khjq;fSf;F Kd;G <oj;jpy; jkpo;r; r%fj;jpy; eilngw;w Fwpg;gpl;l xU fw;gopg;Gk;> nfhiyANk ,g;gpur;rpidia ru;tNjrj;jpYs;s jkpo;r; r%fj;jpd; gpuj;jpNaf ftdj;Jf;Fk; nfhz;Lte;jd. mjhtJ> tpjk;tpjkhd ghypay; Fw;wq;fs; vq;fs; r%fj;jpy; vdf;Fj; njupe;j fhyj;jpypUe;J ele;Jte;jhYk;$l Clfq;fSk;> r%ftiyj; jsq;fSk; Fwpg;gpl;l ,e;j ,sk; rpWkpapd; ghypay; gyhj;fhu nfhiyia <oj;jkpou;fs; kj;jpapy; ,g;gbg;gl;l vJTNk vd;WNk ,Ue;jpuhjJ Nghd;w

fle;j fhy; E}w;whz;lhf RtPldpy; tho;e;JtUk; ehd; gjpide;J tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf cau;ju tFg;gpy; ,e;j ehl;Lf; fy;tpf;$lj;jpy; gbg;gpj;J tUtjhy; vdJ fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd milahsk; ,j;jiyg;gpd; czu;r;rp nghjpf;fg;gl;l ghfq;fis cjwptpl;Lf; ftdpg;gjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. mNjrkak; vkf;F ngaustpy; mwpKfkhd Mdhy; cs;sPl;by; kpff;FiwaNt mwpKfkhd I.eh-tpd;

KfL

ghypay; vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fs; Vfg;gl;l czu;r;rpfis milj;jpUg;git> rkaq;fs;> r%fq;fs;> kNdhjj;Jtk;> Njrpar; rl;lk;-xOq;Ffs;> r%f topKiwfs; vd;W xU ePz;l gl;baNy Nghlyhk;. mjd; fhuzq;fs; ntt;NtW. ,q;Nf mjd; njspT r%f Nkk;ghl;Lld; vg;gbf; fye;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gijNa ftdpf;fg;NghfpNwd;. vdNt r%f Nkk;ghL vd;W vijf; Fwpg;gplyhk; vd;W Nahrpf;fyhk;.

glj;ij cUthf;fpd. Clfj; Jiwapd; kNdhghtk;> kNdhjj;Jtk; Nghd;w gy Nfhl;ghLfisg; ghtpj;Jk; Fwpg;gpl;l ,g;ngz;kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;l ,g;gyhj;fhuk; Vd; ,j;jid ngupajhfpaJ vd;gij Muhayhk;. mj;Jld; <oj;jkpou;fspd; Nghu; KbTf;F te;jgpd; r%fj;jpd; kNdhepiy> murpay; fhyepiy vg;gbahf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gijAk; mJ ,g;gpur;rpidia Vd; ,g;gbahf mZFfpwJ vd;Wk; $lf; ftdpf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> ehd; ,f;fl;Liuia NkYk; rpf;fyhf;fhky; ,Uf;f mtw;iwj; jtpu;f;f Kay;fpNwd;.

kd epiyapy; ,y;iy vd;gij thrpf;Fk;NghNj vtUk; ,yFthfg; Gupe;Jnfhs;syhk;. fhuzkhf kj> ,d> r%fg;gpupTfs; xt;nthd;Wj; jj;jk; gFjpapdUf;F jj;jkJ tpjkhd ghypay; rk;ge;jg;gl;l “njspT” GFj;jg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf Kbe;jtiu NghuhLthu;fs; vd;gJ xU gf;fk;. mNjrkak; vkJ r%fj;jpduplk; ,Uf;Fk; “FLk;gk;” vd;w mikg;gpd; cs;sPLk; Nkw;fz;l gpur;rpidf;Ff; fhuzkhf mikfpwJ. <oj;jkpou;fs; vd;W “vkJ” r%fj;ij tiuaWj;Jf; ftdpj;jhYk; mjw;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;J> K];yPk; kjj;jtu;fs; Kf;fpakhd xNu tpjkhd fy;tp KiwiaNah> rl;lq;fisNah> jz;lidfisNah Vw;Wf;nfhs;s kWj;JtUtJ mjpfupj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpwNj jtpu Fiwatpy;iy. Kf;fpakhff; fUjg;gLk; NtWghLfs; r%fj;jpy; Mz; - ngz; NtWghLfs; gw;wp tplaq;fspNyNa epiyj;jpUg;gijAk; kiwf;fKbahJ.

ghypay; njspT vd;gJ xU r%fj;jpd; Nkk;ghl;Lf;F mtrpak; vd;gij ehk; xj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwhk;. Mdhy; ghypay; njspT vd;gJ ,uz;L tifapy; gpupf;fg;gl;L mt;tpuz;Lk; ifNfhu;j;Jr; nraw;gLtJ mtrpak; vd;gij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy vd;gijNa vd; fUj;jhf ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhl;l Kay;fpNwd;. FLk;gk; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ vkJ rKfj;jpdupilNa Mz; ngz;fs; r%f Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhf Kjyhtjhf ghypay; xt;nthUtUila ghj;jpuq;fs;> flikfs; cwTfspy; njspit Vw;gLj;Jjy; mtrpak;. Nghd;wtw;iw rPnke;J Nghl;L ,Wf;fp mt;tplaj;jpy; taJ te;jtu;fSf;Fk; fy;tpf;Fk; itj;jpUf;fpwJ. njhlUk; tk;rq;fspYk; rk msthd gq;F cz;L. ,uz;lhtjhf> Mz; ngz; ghj;jpuq;fs; vg;gbahf Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; njsptpd; tiuKiwfisj; cUthf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gij elj;ijfshYk;> jhz;Lfpwtu;fisj; jz;bg;gjw;fhd njspthd tsu;g;ghYk; guhkupg;gijf; FLk;gk; vd;w r%f rl;lq;fisAk;> jz;lidfisAk; cUthf;fp ,ae;jpuk; njspthfr; nra;J tUfpwJ. mtw;iw mbf;fb kPs;guprPyid nra;tjpy; ehl;bd; Fw;wtpay; Jiwf;Ff;Fj;jhd; KOtJkhd Nkw;fz;l epiyapy; ghypay; njspT nghWg;G ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mj;Jiw murpd; fPo; vd;dntd;gij xt;nthU gf;fj;jpYk; vt;tpj kj> ,d> r%fg;gpupTfisAk; ntt;NtW r%f Nkk;ghL vd;w Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F tpjkhff; ftdpf;fhky; ,aq;fNtz;Lk;. vjpu;kiwahfNt r%f mq;fq;fs; vy;yhk; gpd;dpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gijf; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;ltw;wpy; KjyhtJ vd;W ehd; ftdpf;fyhk;. Fwpg;gpl;ltw;wpy; taJ te;jtu;fspd; nghWg;igj; jtpuf; fy;tpj;Jiwapd; gq;fspg;gg;igf; vd;idg; nghWj;jtiu kl;Lky;y> Fwpg;gpl;Nld;. mq;NfAk; ghypay; gw;wpa ru;tNjr epiyikfisAk; rupj;jpuj;ijAk; njspTf;F MzpNtuhf xNu Nfhl;ghL ftdpj;jhYk;$l Fw;wq;fs; ,y;yhj r%fq;fs; filg;gpbf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. mjhtJ ,q;NfAk; ,Ue;jJk; ,y;iy> ,Uf;fTk; ,y;iy ,y;yhky; vt;tpj kj> ,d> r%fg;gpupTfisAk; NghfTk; Nghtjpy;iy. mtw;wpDs; ghypay; tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwapy; ifahs njspT ,y;yhky; cz;lhFk; Fw;wq;fSk; ,lk;nfhLf;ff;$lhJ. mlq;Fk;. vdNt r%f Nkk;ghL vd;W ehq;fs; ghypay; njspit mZFk;NghJ Fw;wkpy;yhj ,e;j epiyia vkJ r%fk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; r%fj;ij cz;lhf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;ijf;

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

nfhz;bUf;f KbahJ. Mdhy;> Fw;wq;fspd; msitf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;Ltuyhk;. mjd; mZFKiwapy; jz;lidfs; vd;git> ntWg;gpy; cz;lhf;fg;glhky; jtwpioj;j kdpjd;> r%fk;> mtisg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s Kay;tjhf> jpUk;gTk; r%fj;jpy; tuNtw;f tpUk;Gtjhf czuf;$bajhf mikaNtz;Lk; vd;gJ xd;W. mNj rkak; Fw;wkpiof;fg;gl;ltu; jd; Fuy; Nfl;fg;gl;lij czuNtz;Lk;. mjpYk; ghypay; Fw;wq;fSf;F cs;shf;fg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; kpf Kf;fpakhf mtUf;fhd cstpay; rk;ge;jg;gl;l MjuTfs; nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. mJ NghyNt Fw;wkpiof;fg;gl;ltupd; FLk;gj;Jf;Fk; Njitahd cjtpfs; fpilf;fr; nra;jy; mtrpak;. Mdhy;> ghypay; njsptpy;yhikapd; fhuzj;jhy; vq;fs; r%fj;jpy; mg;gbnahU Fw;wk; ,iof;fg;gLk;NghJ KOf; ftdKk; Fw;wthspia vd;d nra;ayhk; vd;gjpy;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjhtJ czu;r;rptrg;gl;l epiyapy; rl;lj;jpd; flikiar; nra;atplhky; Kbe;jtiu Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gl;ltiur; r%fj;jpd; xt;nthU FbkfDk; jd;dp\;lg;gb jz;bf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W Mirg;gLfpwhd;. ,J MNuhf;fpakhd r%fr; R+o;epiyia cz;lhf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. vdNtjhd; ehd; vdJ fUj;Jf;fs; vg;gbapUf;Fk; vd;W Muk;gj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lJNghy I.eh-tpd; jdp kdpj cupikfis Mjhukhff; nfhz;L ,e;jf; nfhe;jspf;Fk; r%fg; gpur;rpidia mZfyhk; vd;fpNwd;. vk; r%fj;jpd; ngUk;ghd;ikapdUf;F mJ vd;dntd;w KOj; njspT ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;$l I.eh vd;W xd;W ,Uf;fpwJ> mjd; Nfhl;ghLfs; cyf kf;fSf;F ed;ik gaf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;w ek;gpf;if ,Uf;fpwJ.

mitfspy; I.eh tpd; jdp kdpj cupikfs; Ngzg;gLtijAk; Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;. mjd;%yk; ghypay; njspT mZfg;gLk;NghJ taJf;F te;j xt;nthU jdp kdpjdpd; mirf;fKbahj cupikAk; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. taJf;F tuhjtu;fspd; ghJfhtyu;fshfg; ngw;Nwhupd; cupikfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;L> mitfis kPWgtu;fs; ngw;Nwhu;fshfNt ,Ue;jhYk;$l jz;bf;Fk; mjpfhuk; ePjpj;Jiwapd; ifapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ghypay; njspT vd;gJ ,jd;%yk; xU jdp kdpjUf;F mtuJ clk;G cupikahdJ vd;gij Kjypy; njspTgLj;JfpwJ. vdJ clk;G vdf;F cupikahdJ vd;gij xU kdpjUf;Ff; fy;tp%yk; njspTgLj;jg;gLk; mNj rkak; “,d;ndhUtuJ clk;gpd;Nky; mtuJ mDkjpapd;wp cdf;F cupik ,y;iy” vd;gJk; Gupaitf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; ,ay;ghd tpisthf vq;fs; r%fj;jpy; FLk;gj;Jf;Fs;Sk; ,JNtjhd; njspthd vy;iy vd;gJ tFf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. ,e;j epiyg;ghl;by;jhd; ghypay; njspT cUthf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

mNjrkak; cyfpd; MNuhf;fpakhd r%fq;fs; gytw;wpYk; rkPgfhykhf ,f;Nfhl;ghLfs; nkd;NkYk; Mokhf ,izf;fg;gl;L mjd;%yk; ed;ik ngwg;gLtijAk; mjhtJ fy;ahzk; vd;w rl;lG+u;tkhd ftdpf;f KbfpwJ. ru;tNjr uPjpahd xg;ge;jj;jpy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; ,UtUf;Fs;Sk; fzpg;gPLfspy; RgPl;rkhd> mikjpahd ehLfs;> $l clk;Gfs; mtutu; nrhe;jkhff; Fw;wq;fs; Fiwe;j ehLfs; vd;W ftdpj;jhy; fzpf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j ,UtUf;Fs;Sk; $l

KfL

ghypay; njhlu;G nfhs;Sk;NghJ “,y;iy” fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; ngz;zpd; epiyikAk;> vd;W xUtu; kWg;ghuhapd; kw;wtu; mij r%f vjpu;ghu;g;Gk; mtis mijr; nra;a ,lk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Nl MfNtz;Lk; vd;gJ rl;lj;jpdhy; nfhLf;fhJ. mq;fPfupf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. Nkw;fz;lJ xU cjhuzk;jhd;. ,NjNghd;w rkPgj;jpy; vLf;fg;gl;l xU fzpg;gPl;by; gy rpf;fyhd ghypay; cwT epiyikfis ,e;jpah> rpwPyq;fh Nghd;w ehLfspy; jq;fs; ehq;fs; rpj;jupf;fyhk; Mdhy;> fztd; fztu;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; jq;fs; ‘kidtpapd;” kidTf;Fs; jpzpg;G ,Uf;fyhk; vd;w epiyik cliyg; ghtpg;gJ mf;fztu;fspd; clik Vw;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; r%fj;Jf;Fs; tsUk; mLj;j vd;Wk; mf;fztu;fs; jk; kidtpfis jiyKiwf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; nra;jp vd;d? cly;uPjpahfj; jz;bg;gjw;F cupikAs;stu;fs; vd;gij ehk; ftdpf;fNtz;Lk;. vd;Wk; ngUk;ghyhd ngz;fNs fUJtJ ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,JNtjhd; Gyk;ngau;e;J jd; ngw;Nwhu;fs; nrhy;tijay;y jd; thOk; vkJ r%fj;jpdupilNa ngUk;ghYk; ngw;Nwhu;fSk;> Rw;wKk; elg;gijg; ghu;j;Jj; jhd; epyTk; fUj;Jf;$l vd;gjpy; vdf;Ff; fpQ;rpj;Jk; gps;isfs; r%fk; jkf;Fr; nrhy;Yk; nra;jpfisg; re;Njfk; fpilahJ. Gupe;Jnfhs;fpwhu;fs;. mtu;fSf;F> Kf;fpakhfg; ngz;gps;isfSf;F Nkw;fz;l nra;jpapy; ghypay; njspT r%f Nkk;ghl;Lf;F nrhy;yg;gLtJ “cd; clk;Gf;F cupik cjtNtz;Lkhdhy; ,q;Nf kpfg;ngupa khWjy; NtnwhU MZf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLk;!’’ vd;gjhFk;. xd;W nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;> mJ rl;lj;jpdhy; mNjNghyNt Mz; gps;isf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; nfhLf;fg;gLk; czuf;$ba jz;lid%yk; nra;jp “cdf;F tpUg;gkpUf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l njspthf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ngz;zpd; cliy eP fytpf;fhfg; ghtpf;fyhk;!” vd;gJk;jhd;. ,e;j epiyikf;F xU r%fk; Kd;NdwNtz;Lkhdhy; mJ ntWkNd xU fl;Liuapd; Muk;gj;jpNyNa Fwpg;gpl;lgb ,ijg; rl;lj;jhYk; jz;lidapdhYk; elf;fhj fhupak; gy Nfhzq;fspy; mZfyhk; vd;whYk; ehd; vd;gijg; Gupe;Jnfhz;Ljhd; ehd; Nkw;fz;l XupU Nfhzq;fis kl;LNk njupe;njLj;J tpjj;jpy; ghypay; Fw;wq;fs; gw;wp mZFfpNwd;. mZFfpNwd;> mtw;iw vq;fs; rpe;jidf;F vkJ r%fq;fspy; ,d;Dk; tof;fkhf ,Uf;Fk; cl;gLj;jyhk; vd;gjw;fhf. epiyik FLk;gj;jpd; Mz; nghUshjhuj;Jf;Fg; nghWg;ghf ,Ug;gJk; ngz; tPl;L NtiyfSf;Fk;> ghypay; njspT vd;gjpy; ,d;ndhU Kf;fpa Foe;ij tsu;g;Gf;Fk; nghWg;ghf ,Ug;gJkhFk;. tplak; vq;fs; r%fj;jpy; Mz; gps;isfSk;> ngz;gps;isfSk; vg;gbahfg; gpupj;J nghJthfg; ngz;fs; gyUk; rk;gsj;Jf;fhd itf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs; vd;gjpYk; ,Uf;fpwJ. Ntiyf;Fg; NghFk; epiyik te;jpUf;Fk;NghjpYk; ngz;fs;kPJs;s tPl;L vdf;Fr; Rkhu; gdpnuz;L tajpy; vdJ Ntiy + gps;is tsu;g;Gg; nghWg;Gf;fs; kpfr; ez;gu;fSld; Ngrpnfhz;bUe;jNghJ rpwpa mstpy; Fiwe;jpUf;fpd;wdNt jtpu mtu;fspy; xUtd; “Iah vd; %j;jf;fhTf;F fUj;jstpy; vjpu;ghu;g;Gf; FiwaNt ,y;iy. VjhtJ nrhy;tjhf ,Ue;jhy; vd; %ykhf> ,e;j epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; r%fj;jpy; ngz;fs; my;yJ mk;kh %ykhfj;jhd; nrhy;thu;> jq;fs; fztd; jq;fisg; ghypay; cwTf;Ff; Vndd;why; mf;fh taJf;F te;jth!” vd;whd;. fl;lhag;gLj;jpdhy; kWf;fg;Nghfpwhu;fsh? my;yJ vdf;F kpfg;ngupa Mr;rupakhdJ> Rw;wpapUe;j mg;gbahd Fw;wk; ele;jhy; mij ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ez;gu;fspYk; mtu;fis tpl %j;j rNfhjupfs; Kd; nfhz;Ltug;Nghfpwhu;fsh? epr;rakhf tPl;by; ,Ue;jtu;fs; mij MNkhjpj;jhu;fs;> ,y;iy> Vnddpy; mg;gbnahU rl;lk; mKYf;Ff; vdf;Nfh mjd; mu;j;jk; Gupa Vfg;gl;l Mz;Lfs; nfhz;Lte;j gpd;dhYk; nghUshjhu uPjpapy; vLj;jd> Vnddpy; vq;fs; tPl;by; mg;gbahd jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

gof;fq;fs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. me;j ez;gdpd; ngw;Nwhu; ,UtUNk Mrpupau; fy;tpr;rhiyapy; gbj;j Mrpupau;fs;> ePz;l fhyk; mj;njhopypy; ,Ug;gtu;fs;. mtu;fspd; tPl;bNyNa Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;> nrhe;jg; gps;isfshd epiyikapYk; gpupf;fg;gl;Nl tho;e;jhu;fs; vd;gJ ,d;Wk; ehd; Gupe;Jnfhs;s Kbahj mjprak;. Mdhy;> mJ gyuJ tPl;bYk; toik vd;W gpw;fhyj;jpy; njupe;Jnfhz;Nld;.

mNjrkak; muR jd; ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; ePjpj;Jiw %yk; jdp kdpjdpd; cupikfisg; NgzNtz;Lk;> kPWjy;fs; njspthd rl;lq;fshy; tiuaWf;fg;gly;Ntz;Lk;.

mNjrkaj;jpy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; kWrhuhUld; ruskhfg; gofptUk; tha;g;ig cz;lhf;fp mtu;fSf;F kWrhuhupd; tho;itiaAk; vz;zq;fisAk; Gupe;Jnfhs;Sk; re;ju;g;gj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;F vkJ r%fj;jpy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; vkJ r%fk; toptpl;Nl MfNtz;Lk;. ez;gu;fshfNt goFtJ mupJ. mg;gbahd ngz; - Mz; cwT vd;gJ ntWk; r%fj;jpy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; kw;wg; ghypay; rk;ge;jg;gl;ljy;y mijAk; kPwp xU ghypdupd; cly;> kd tsu;r;rp gw;wp mwpahkYk; kdpjj;jdkhd> ,ay;ghd cwTKiw vd;gJ tsu;f;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;. kl;Lkd;wp jpBnud;W xU r%fj;jpw;Fj; njspthff; fhl;lg;glNtz;Lk;. ehs; kw;wg; ghy; xUtUld; jpUkz ge;jj;jpYk; ,izf;fg;gl;L ,dtpUj;jp nra;fpwhu;fs;. vdJ fUj;Jg;gb ghypay; njspT vd;gJ ghypay; Mk;> ngUk;ghyhdtu;fspd; FLk;g tho;f;if Fw;wq;fs; elf;fhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhff; Fw;wk; ,dtpUj;jpf;fhfj;jhd;. nra;gtu;fisf; fLikahd jz;lidf;F cs;gLj;JtJ my;y. ghypay; njspT vd;gJ vjpu;g;ghyhupd; cly; kd tsu;r;rp gw;wp vJTNk r%fj;jpd; xU MNuhf;fpakhd kNdhepiyahf njupahky; tsu;f;fg;gl;L> mijg; gw;wpa gy Nfhzq;fspYk; mZfg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjpy; fhtpag;gLj;jy;fis my;yJ r%fKk;> fy;tpAk;> muRk;> ePjpj;JiwAk; Kf;fpa jtwhd vz;zq;fisAk; kl;LNk jdf;Fs; nghWg;Gf;fis vLj;J xUtiu xUtu; mq;fPfupj;J tsu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU r%fj;jplk; ghypay; ePz;lfhyf; Fwpf;Nfhis cz;lhf;fp mij njspit vjpu;ghu;g;gJ epahakhdJjhdh vd;gJ xt;nthU gbahff; flf;fNtz;Lk;. vk;ik ehNk Nfl;fNtz;ba Nfs;tp. xU Mz;kfd; taJf;F te;J jdJ fhkj;ijj; mtrhkhf czu;r;rptrg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fshy; jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;sj; NjLk; clyhfNt ngz;zpd; mZFk; xU tplaky;y ,J. Fw;wthspahf cly; ftdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ngz;Nzh jd; cliy xU jdpkdpjdy;y ,q;Nf r%fk;jhd; ntspg;gLj;JtJ mtkhdkhdJ> mij xUtd; epWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,ijj; jpwe;j fz;fSld; ghtpj;Jtpl;lhy; mJ ngWkjpia ,oe;JtpLk; [Puzpj;Jf;nfhz;L gbg;gbahf Kd;Ndw vq;fs; mjdhy; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; jdJ tho;f;ifia r%fk; neUg;Gf; Fspf;fj; jahuhfl;Lk;. ,d;ndhUtd; ifapy; xg;gilf;f KbahJ vd;W epidj;J tsu;f;fg;gLfpwhs;. ,e;jf; fUj;J epyTk; r%fj;jpy; FLk;gj;jpd; Mz;fspd; ifapy;jhd; mf;FLk;gg; ngz;fspd; “ghJfhg;G” ,Ug;gjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. “vd; tPl;Lg; ngz;fis ehd; fhg;ghw;WNtd;> Kbe;jhy; cd; tPl;Lg; ngz;fis vd;dplkpUe;J fhg;ghw;wpg; ghu;!” vd;gJjhd; ,jd; %yk; njuptpf;fg;gLk; nra;jp. ,e;j epiyikia khw;Wtjw;Fk; Kf;fpakhff; [dehaf cupikfisAk;> nghWg;Gf;fisAk; Kd;dpWj;Jk; fy;tpKiw mtrpak;.

KfL

fhj;jpUg;G

Rfp Rtp]; me;j tPL ntWikahf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf> vy;yhtw;iwAk; cl;Gf mDkjpj;J xU rhsuj;ijj; jpwe;J> mit me;j tPl;bDs; GFe;Jnfhz;ld. ntspr;rk;> rj;jq;fs; ciuahly;fs;> me;jf; flYk; mjd; ntz;kpspu;Tk;> ntz;fyf; fz;Zila me;j nts;isg; gwit> ,q;F capu;f;fhj> capu;thoKbahj kyu;fspd; Kfq;fs;> Ntw;Wnkhop xd;wpd; ,we;jfhy tbtk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; jk; jhafj;jpypUe;J mit jk;NkhL

vLj;Jf;nfhz;L te;jd. tutpd; Kd;Gk; gpd;Gk;> mtw;wpd; iffspd; fzr;R+l;il tPrp> me;j ,utpd; jpUl;il mDkjpj;J rhsuj;ij ,Wf;f%b> mjd;%yk; jhk; te;jile;Jtpl;ljhf mit jk; tuit epidT+l;bf;nfhz;ld. mq;Nf ,Ue;j xU fz;zhbf; fjtpw;Fg;gpd;dhy; epd;Wnfhz;L> fhyhy; gpuhz;bagbAk;> me;jj; jdpikapd; ePyepw thridia Nkhg;gk;gpbj;jgbAk;> xU ed;wpkpf;f ehahf mit fhj;jpUe;jd> mtw;wpd; kWgpwg;gpw;fhf! jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

Xu; Ngupog;Gk; jhf;fKk;mQ;rud;

; tpj;jpahtpd; ,og;G vd;gjw;F mg;ghy; >mjpy; ,Ue;J FLk;gk; kPz;L tUtJk; my;yJ mts; epidtpy; khz;L NghtJkhf >epj;jk; epj;jk; fz;zPUk; NrhWkhf mts; Ngr;Rk; FWk;Gk; tpisahl;L rPz;lYk; vd;W xNu Muthuk; >rpupg;nghypAld; ,Ue;j tPL ,d;W ngUk; Nrhf Kfpy;fis jhq;fp ,Uz;L vg;nghOk; tpk;kp ntbf;Fk; fdj;j ,jaj;Jld; >md;ghd mtsJ Fuy; ,y;yhJ nrtpfs; ,dpikahd xypfis $l Nfl;f kwe;J fplf;fpwJ .....,tw;Wf;F vy;yhk; mg;ghy; me;j nfhLk; Jaupd; gpbapd; ,Wf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J jsu;Tfs; tUk; NghJ vy;yhk; >Rw;wp cs;s r%fk; rup ,izaq;fs; Clfq;fs; vd;W VjhtJ xd;W >me;j uz Ntjidia kPz;Lk; ngUk; <l;b nfhz;L jhf;FtJ nrhy;ydh Jd;gk; jq;fSf;Fs; vOk; Ra ,d;g Nfs;tpfis tpj;jpah vd;Dk; gpQ;rpd; kPJ vwptJk; fhzhJ vd;W mts; FLk;gk; kPJk; ms;sp njspg;gJ $l xU rpy kdpju;fSf;F Ngupd;gj;jpd; jpisg;ig nfhLfpwJ NghYk; ngw;w gps;isia ngUk; Nghupd; gpbapYk;>nghUshjhu f\;lj;jpd; kj;jpapYk; jd; Neha; ,ayhikia $l nghUs; gLj;jhJ fl;ilf;fdf;fhf irf;fps; kpjpj;J je;ij ngUk; fdTld; tsu;j;j kfis Mshfp Njtij Nghy; myq;fupj;J >jd; Rikfis xw;iw Mshf mts; Rkg;ghs; ghU vd;W nrUf;Fld; tho;j; me;j jha; je;ij kdepiy vg;gb Jbf;Fk; gijf;Fk; vd;W $l mwpahj rpy %lu;fs; mtu;fis ngUk;ghYk; kdpju;fshfNt vLf;f $lhJ >gps;isapd; gpuptpd; Clhf cq;fSf;F tPL je;jjhk; fhR je;jjhk; vd;W eyk; tprhupf;Fk; rhl;by; tpLg;G Nfl;Fk; jUzq;fs.; cyfpy; ,tu;fSk; tho;fpwhu;fs;

KfL

vd;Nw rhgpf;Fk; xU ehs; nghOJ XahJ xypf;Fk; njhiyNgrpapy; >vtu; md;G tprhupf;f vLf;fpwhu; >vtu; tk;G msf;f vLf;fpwhu; >vtu; tof;fpd; Nghf;if Nfl;f vLf;fpwhu; vd;W Fok;gpNa njhiyNgrpia ifapy; vLf;f Ntz;ba xU gjl;lkhd kd R+oiy cUthf;fp tpLfpwJ ,e;j ey;y kdpju;fs; Nt\k; NghLk; mNahf;fpau;fs; Nfs;tpfs;. rq; f q; f s; > mikg; G fs; > epWtdq; f s; v y; y hk; czu;r;rp ngUf;fpy; tpj;jpah FLk;gj;Jf;F cjtp nra;fpNwhk; vd;W mtspd; ,Wjp ehs;fspy; xypthq;fp Kd; Xyk; ,l;Ltpl;L Ngha; tpl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fspd; Xyq;fspy; rpf;fp jtpg;gJ vd;dNkh mtspd; FLk;gNk >CUf;Fk; NgUf;Fk; GfOf;Fk; trpj;J tpl;L Nghdtu;fSf;F njupahJ >Rw;wp ,Ue;J tpLg;G ghu;f;Fk; r%fk; rPl;L fzf;F Nghy; ,ij vOjp itf;Fk; my;yJ kdg;ghlk; nra;Ak; vd;W . mq;fpUj;J ,t;tsT te;jjhk; >,q;fpUj;J ,t;tsT te;jjhk; >mtu; nfhLj;jjhk; ,y;iy ,tUk; Nru;j;J nfhLj;jjhk; fpl;lj;jl;l ey;y fhR te;jpUf;Fk; vd;W NgRk; >kdpju;fshf cyhTk; tp\ [e;Jf;fs; mwpakhl;lhu; mtu;fs; ehis vd;d rikg;ghu;fs; vd;W epj;jk; mts; gpupT nfhLf;Fk; Ntjidia tpl

,e;j gupfrpf;Fk; kdpju;fs; nfhLf;Fk; typ kpf nfhbaJ >tpj;jpah FLk;gk; md;Wk; ,d;Wk; ,Uf;Fk; epiy xd;Wjhd; kWj;jhy; ,g;nghOJ tpj;jpah ,y;iy vd;gNj jtpu kw;Wk;gb mtu;fspd; tho;f;if rk Xl;lNk >ahopy; xU thlif tPl;Lf;F $l rpukg;gLk; epiyapy; ,Ue;Jnfhz;L te;j yl;rq;fis vd;d nra;thu;fs; ,tu;fs; vd;W gpd;dhbNa Rw;Wk; Nga;fis vd;dntd;W nrhy;tJ . tPLjuyhk; vd;W nrhy;gtu;fs; Neupy; Nghdhy; >X ePq;f tpj;jpah FLk;gkh nghyp]; Nf]; tprhuiz vd;W Mf;fs; mbf;fb te;J NghtPdk; mjhyhy; cq;fSf;F tPL jUtJ vq;fSf;F fbdk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJk; ehk; ,tu;fis epidj;J ftiy nfhs;tjh ,y;iy tpj;jpahit epidj;J fz;zPu; tpLtjh mjd; kd mOj;jk; cisr;ry; vj;jifaJ . ePjpia Nfl;Fk; Nfl;f NghuhLk; my;yJ NghuhLwk; vd;W nrhy;gtu;fs; Kjypy; >rk ju;kk; Clf ju;kk; nfhz;lhtJ ePjpf;F tha;g;G nfhLq;fs; >ePq;fs; NghLk; Gfo; Njba ntspr;rj;jpy; tpj;jpah vd;Dk; nky;ypa xsp njupahky; Ngha; tpLk; kdpjNeaj;jpd; ngUkhd;fNs . ePq;fyhf te;J iffis nfhLj;J tpl;L >,jpy; vdf;F ve;j ,yhgKk; thuhJ vJf;F kpdf;nfLthd; vd;W epidj;J >ngha;fis gypfis cjpu;j;J tpl;L >cq;fs; rpj;J tpisahl;Lfis fhl;b tpl;L ePq;fs; Ngha; tpLtPu;fs; mLj;j tUkhdk; Nehf;fp Mdhy; ehk; mNj jpz;izapy; ,Ue;J ePq;fs; vq;fSf;F cjtp vd;Dk; ngaupy; ngUk; cghij nfhLj;jij ehk; ahuplk; nrhy;yp mONthk; .. MfNt kd mOj;jj;jpd; cr;rpf;F nry;Yk; Ntisfspy; >Fw;wk; ,ioj;jtu;fis $l kd;dpf;fyhk; Mdhy; ,e;j tPk;G Ngrp tpriu fpsg;Gk; %Njtpfis nfhd;W Nghl;lhy; vd;d vd;W kdk; rpyNtis re;epjk; MLtJ jtpu;f;f Kbtjpy;iy . fz;fspy; fz;zPUk; ,d;wp ,Uf;Fk; mtu;fis tpl;L tpLq;fs;> cq;fs; cjtpfs; vd;Dk; Ks;fs; nfhz;L fPwp fpopf;fhJ >r%f ePjpfNs .

mld;Nrhdpah fpuhd;bbaup klfh];fupd; kpfTk; Gfo;ngw;w MW ghXghg;fSs; (ngUj;j mbghfk; nfhz;l kuq;fs;) xd;W. jPtha;g;Gs;s ,t;tpdk; mld;Nrhdpah vd;w Ngupdj;ijr; rhu;e;jJ. ,J klfh];fupd; mfzpa capup MFk;. ,k;kuj;jpd; ngau; /g;nuQ;R jhtutpayhsu; My;/g;nul; fpuhd;bbaupd; (1836-1921) ngaupypUe;J itf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,k;kuj;jpd; KOikahd Njhw;wk; glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

gps;isgpbfhuu;fspd; cztfk; vy;yhtw;wpYk; too late)

vq;fhtJ xU Nkw;Fyf efuj;jpy; nghUshjhu cr;rp kfhehL eilngw;why;> mq;Nf Kjypy; jhf;fg; gLtJ kf;nlhdhy;l;]; nu];lhud;l; Mf ,Uf;Fk;. kfhehl;il vjpu;j;J njUtpy; Cu;tyk; NghFk; vjpu;g;ghsu;fs; topapy; kf;Nlhdhy;l;ir ghu;j;jhy; fy; vLj;J tPrhky; Nghf khl;lhu;fs;. midtUf;Fk; njupe;j cyfkakhf;fypd; rpd;dkhd kf;Nlhdhy;l;ir mbj;J nehWf;Ftjpy; mtu;fSf;F mt;tsT F\p. ,jdhy; kfhehL elf;Fk; rkak;> Kjy; ehNs czT tpLjpia G+l;b tpl;L> fz;zhbfSf;F NkNy gyif mbj;J tpl;L Nghthu;fs;. Ads delivered by FeedBlitz kf;nlhdhy;l;]; ve;j rj;Jkw;w rf;ifia tpw;W fhrhf;Ffpd;wJ> vd;w tpopg;Gzu;T nky;y nky;y Nkw;F INuhg;gpa ehLfspy; Vw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. mjdhy; kf;nlhdhy;l;]; epu;thfk;> "cs;ehl;by; thq;fpa jukhd czTg; nghUl;fis nfhz;L jahupg;gjhf" mbf;fb fhjpy; G+r; Rw;Wk;. kf;nlhdhy;l;]; czTg; gjhu;j;jq;fs; jahupf;f gad;gLj;Jk; ,urhadg; nghUl;fs; gy;NtW tpahjpfis cUthf;Ffpd;wd. kf;Nlhdhy;l;rpd; jhafkhd mnkupf;fhtpy;> "`k;ngu;fu;" jpd;W nfhOj;j rpWtu;fs; uhl;rju;fs; Nghy fhl;rp jUthu;fs;. (cyfpNyNa ngupa;a;a;a ehly;yth. mq;Nf vy;yhk; ngupR nguprhf jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.) kf;nlhdhy;l;]; Fwpj;j tpopg;Gzu;T Vw;gl;l Nkw;F INuhg;gpa nghJ kf;fs;> mq;Nf rhg;gpLtij juf; Fiwthf fUJfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; ,e;jpahtpNyh epiyik jiy fPo;. trjpahd eLj;ju tu;f;f ,isQu;fs; kf;Nlhdhy;l;ir nkha;f;fpwhu;fs;. mq;Nf rhg;gpLtjpy; xU ngUkpjk;. mnkupf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J ve;j Fg;igia ,wf;Fkjp nra;jhYk; mtu;fSf;F ,dpf;Fk;. Nkw;Fyfpy; Njhd;wpAs;s kf;nlhdhy;l;]; vjpu;g;G miy gw;wp> ,e;jpa Nkd; kf;fs; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUf;f khl;lhu;fs;. (ePq;f

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fle;j gj;jhz;Lfspy; tzpftpay; gbj;j khztu;fSf;F njupe;jpUf;Fk;. mtu;fsJ khu;f;nfl;bq; tFg;gpy; kf;Nlhdhy;l;rpd; "ntw;wpapd; ,ufrpak;" gw;wp fw;gpj;jpUg;ghu;fs;. mJ vd;d ngupa "khu;nfl;bq; Gul;rp"? Foe;ijfis ftu;e;jpOf;Fk; md;gspg;Gfis> (kf;nlhdhy;l;]; rpd;dk; nghwpj;j)tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fis nfhLf;fpwhu;fs;. mjdhy; Foe;ijfNs ngupatu;fis nu];lhud;l; gf;fk; ,Oj;J tUfpd;wd. topapy; kf;Nlhdhy;l;ir fz;lhy; mq;Nf Nghf Ntz;Lnkd;W mlk; gpbf;Fk; Foe;ijfs; vj;jid? Foe;ijfs; te;jhy; $lNt gzj;Jld; ngw;NwhUk; tUthu;fs; vd;W mtu;fSf;F njupAk;. ,J xd;Wk; kfj;jhd khu;f;nfl;bq; fpilahJ. "gps;isfSf;F ,dpg;Gf; nfhLj;J flj;Jk; gps;isgpbfhuu;fspd; faikj;jdk;." ,g;gbf; $WfpwJ mnkupf;fhtpy; Ma;T nra;j Centre for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). czT cw;gj;jp njhopw;Jiwia Ma;T nra;Ak; me;j ntF[d epWtdk;> kf;nlhdhy;l;]; ePjpaw;w> Vkhw;Wk; khu;f;nfl;bq; %yk; gps;isfis ftUtjhf Fw;wQ; rhl;bAs;sJ. Foe;ijfSf;fhd tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L tpsk;guk; nra;tjhdJ> Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;ig kPWk; nray; vd;W vr;rupj;Js;sJ. ngw;Nwhu; jkJ gps;isfSf;F rj;jhd czit rhg;gpl gof;Ftjw;F kf;nlhdhy;l;]; jilahf ,Ug;gjhf mJ NkYk; Fw;wk; rhl;bAs;sJ. ,e;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; mlq;fpa fbjk; kf;nlhdhy;l;]; jiyikafj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. vz;zp Kg;gJ ehl;fSf;Fs; kf;nlhdhy;l;]; jdJ "gps;is gpb khu;f;nfl;bq;if" epWj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; tof;Fj; njhLf;fg;gLk;. epr;rakhf kf;nlhdhy;l;]; epu;thfk; ,J Fwpj;J kfpo;r;rpaile;jpUf;fhJ. mtu;fisg; nghWj;j tiuapy; ekJ Foe;ijfspd; eyd; Kf;fpaky;y> ekJ ghf;nfl;by; cs;s gzk; jhd; Kf;fpak;. ed;wp fiyafk;

ghu;it

ehtyu; FWk;gl tpUij jl;br;nrd;w "Vd; ,Q;r te;jdp"FWk;gl FOtpdUf;F tho;j;Jf;fs;.<oj;jkpodpd; Nghuhl;l tho;tpd; fijia xU FWfpa Neuj;jpy; $Wfpd;wJ [dhtpd; “Vd; ,Q;r te;jdp” vd;w FWk;glk;.fijapd; ehafd; gJq;F Fopapy; gpwe;J tsu;e;J Gyk;ngau;e;J mq;NfAk; mfjpepiy kWf;fg;gl;L ehL jpUk;gp mDg;gg;gl;L mopf;fg;gLtij kpf kpf mofhf typNahL fhl;rpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.fij efu;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ rKjha gpw;Nghf;Fj;jdq;fSk; nghJ kfd;kPJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ,uhZt mlf;FKiw tbtq;fs;>rpj;jputijfs; kpf mg;gl;lkhf fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.fijapd; ghj;jpuk; Gyk;ngau;e;J> jd; cz;ik epiyia ntspehl;L muRf;F tpsq;fg;gLj;jpAk; ,q;F mfjp me;j];J epiy kWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.,Wjpg;gFjpapy; ,e;jpahtpd; JizNahL ,yq;if muR Nkw;nfhz;l ,d mopg;gpd; ,Wjpehspy; Nfhuj;jdk; cz;ik NahL fhz;gpf;fg;gl;Lfpd;wJ. ,e;jpahit milahsg;gLj;jpa tpjk; ,af;Fdupd; murpay; epiyg;ghl;il ntspg;gilahf fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. vk; typfis fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk; ,f;FWk;glk; epiwaNt nra;jpfis gjpT nra;Js;sJ.,f;FWk;glf; fij tbtikg;gpy; ,af;Fdu; kpfTk; rpukg;gbUf;fpd;whu; vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk; ,f;FWk;glj;jpd; fij cs;slf;fk; xU KO ePs jpiug;glj;jpw;F cupajhfNt vz;zj;Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.mjdhy; fijia fhl;rpg;gLj;jp tpjk; Jz;lk; Jz;lkhf ,Ug;gJ Nghd;W cs;sJ. ebfu;fspd; ebg;G ed;whf ,Ue;jhYk; rpy ,lq;fspy; gprpuy; njd;gLfpd;wJ.mj;jd;ik ghu;itahsu;fs; ftdj;ij glj;jpy; ,Ue;J rw;W tpyf;Ffpd;wJ. [dhtpd; Kd;ida glq;fisNghy; ,y;yhky; ,J xU khWgl;l tsu;r;rpia fhl;Lfpd;wJ.,g;glj;jpw;F ehtyu; tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ vkf;fhd xU rhl;rpaj;jpd; gjpit ehq;fs; milahsg;gLj;jp itj;Js;sJ me;j tifapy; njupTf;FOTf;F ed;wp.

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

$l;lhsp jpiug;gl ,af;Fdh; epNuaDld;

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KfL

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jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

ghup]py; eil ngw;w jkpo; ,d mopg;G ehs;

Nk18 jkpo; ,d mopg;gpd; cr;rj;jpd; Mwhk; Mz;Lk; tzf;f epfo;T kdtypNahLk; ,d czu;NthLk; tUifje; kf;fshy; kpfTk; czu;T G+u;tkhf jPgq;fs; Vw;wp kyu; tzf;fj;Jld; mD\;bf;fg;gl;lJ. jq;fisj; jkpo; Njrpaj;jpd; KOf;fhtyuhf czu;Jk; epfo;r;rp Vw;ghl;lhsu;fspd; nraw;ghLfs;.mopTfspd; fw;gpjq;fspy; ,Ue;J mLj;jfl;l efu;Tf;fhd Kw;New;wkhd ve;j ,aYk;kw;w xOq;fpy; fhzg;glJ. mLj;jfl;lk; vd;gJ %d;whk; jiyKiw ,isatu;fspd; gq;fspg;G>,J vjpu;fhy efu;it xU Nfs;tpf;FwpahfNt fhl;baJ. Gyk;ngau;e;J thOk; ehl;L kf;fSldhd cwT. mJ vkf;F kpf kpf me;epag;gl;ljhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. epidTehl;fspy; ehq;fs; vLf;fNtz;ba rj;jpag;gpukhzq;fs; fhzg;gltpy;iy vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;.MdhYk; thu;ijf;F thu;ij xw;Wik vd;w gjk; mOj;jkhf Ngrg;gl;lJ.

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,d mopg;gpd; cr;rk; eilngw;W Mwhz;Lfspd; gpd;Dk; ehk; ,d;dKk; vk;fijia vk;thay; Nfl;gJ Nghd;w xU gpuikia capu;gpf;Fk;

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fz;zk;kh vd;Dk; mofp,uh.rf;jp

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FbapUg;G thrpfSf;F Kfr; Ropg;ig Vw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.. md;Wk; mg;gbj;jhd; tof;fk; Nghy xU khiy Neuk; .. mYtyk; Kbj;J jpUk;Gifapy; vNjh xU Gay; mbj;J Xa;e;jpUg;gJ njupe;jJ... tPl;by; nrz;gfj;jpd; Fuy; ..

vd;d Jzpr;ry; njupAkhk;kh me;jf; fz;zk;khTf;F ... vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; ... vd;dhr;R fz;zk;khTf;F... vdf; Nfl;Lf; vk; tPl;L Ntiyf;fhup nrz;gfk; fhiyapy; nfhz;Nl cs;Ns Eioe;Njd; .. te;jhy; ,e;j mg;ghu;nkd;l; nra;jpnay;yhk; xU tup tpl;lhky; nrhy;yp tpl;Lj;jhd; jhd; mJ te;Jk;k;kh ek;k Ngq;f; Mgpru; gps;is ...mJ Ntiyiag; ghu;f;f Nghths; ..vd; ghl;bf;F jhk;kh me;j re;Njh\; jk;gp fhiyapy; Jg;guT nrz;gfk; tuhtpl;lhy; jiy ntbj;J tpLk; ... nra;a jpwe;J itj;j rhf;fil Fopapy tpOe;J vd;djhd; mLj;j tPl;lhu; ngau; njupahtpl;lhYk; tpl;lhd; ... >mLj;j tPl;L tp\ak; njupe;J nfhs;s Mty; tplhJ Iaa;Nah vd;dhr;R .....mtDf;F xd;Dk; jhNd ... ,y;iyNa ... igaDf;F xd;Dk; ,y;yk;kh vy;yhk; me;jf; gj;jpupf;if xd;iwg; Gul;bagb .. ehDk; fUkhup mk;kh jhd; fz;zk;kh cUtj;jpy te;J nrz;gfj;jpd; thu;j;ijfspy; njhiye;J fhg;ghj;jp ,Uf;fh... nfhz;bUe;Njd; ..me;j ngz;zpd; ngau; rup nrhy;Y vd;dhr;R vd;Nwd; glglg;NghL ... 'fz;zk;kh' thk; ... mts; fztd; ,e;j GJ ek;k grq;f vy;yhk; tpisahbf; nfhz;bUf;f fl;blj; gFjpapy; Ntiy nra;gtdhk;... mNjhL ge;J me;jf; Fopapy > tpOe;jpl;Ljhk;> mg;g mij ,e;j nghUl;fSf;F fhtyha; Fbir Nghl;L ,q;Nf vLf;fg; Nghd re;Njh\; me;jf; rhf;filapy jq;fp ,Ufpwhu;fshk; .. xU Foe;ijNahL.... tpOe;jpl;lhdhk; .me;jf; fz;zk;kh igad; ,Uf;fhdpy;y mtd; re;NjhN\hl ifiag; 'mk;kh Nej;jpf;F G+uh >vy;yh tPl;biyAk; ,e;j gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L fj;jp ,Uf;fhd; >mtd; rj;jj;ijf; fz;zk;kh gj;jpjhk;kh xNu Ngr;R ...xNu Nfl;Lf; vy;NyhUk; Xb te;jpUf;fhq;f > mJf;Fs;s rj;jk; vd;W fk;gisz;lhk; ... 'vd;W nrhy;ypf; mtd; ifapy ,Ue;J eOtp tpOe;jpl;ld; fPNo... nfhz;bUe;jhs; .. vy;NyhUk; thl;r;kidf; $g;gpL> NghypRf;F Nghd; nra; vL nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUf;f ... fz;zk;kh Fbfhu GUrdpd; mbAk; > fz;zk;khtpd; jhd; Xb te;jh ghUq;f... mg;gb xU Xl;lk; ...jhd; rj;jKk; mbf;fb Nff;fj; njhlq;fpaJk; > mij gps;isNahl rj;jj;ijf; Nfl;L Xb te;jt ... Ntbf;if ghu;g;gJk; thbf;if Mfptpl;lJ vkf;F rhf;filapy ,wq;fptpl;lh ...gj;J >gjpide;J ....mtspd; Foe;ijf;F xU MW tarpUf;Fk; > epkprk; ,Uf;Fk; > mJf;F gpwFjhd; thl;r;kNd Xb fWg;gha; JU JWntd;W ,Ug;ghd; .mg;ghu;nkd;l; te;jhd; ... Foe;ijfSf;F mtd; xU Ntbf;ifg; gps;isa gpbr;Rf; nfhz;L Nky te;J gu guntd;W nghUshfp tpl;lhd; ...mtu;fs; ,tid Jilr;R > %r;R FLj;j ghUq;f > mtDk; tpisahl;by; Nru;f;fhjjhy; > mtu;fis Xukhf mg;gj;jhd; fz;izj; jpwe;jhd; ... vy;NyhUf;Fk; epd;W ghu;g;gJk; >gpd; jhaplk; Xbr; nry;tijAk; %r;Nr te;JRk;kh ... ghu;j;jpUf;fpNwd; ..tWikapd; mj;jid vd;djhd; gij gijj;jhYk; ahUk; gf;fj;jpy milahsq;fNshL > mq;fhq;Nf Xl;Lg; Nghl;l Nghf mUtUj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f ..mtNs jz;zPu; GlitAld; fz;zk;kh Rw;wp tUtJ vk; nkz;L te;J Fspg;gb tpl;lhs; ghUq;f ...mJf;F

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ciof;Fk; jha;khupd; cupikfis ghJfhj;J Nrh\ypr fpof;F n[u;kdp Nrh\ypr ehLfs; vd;why;> "ru;thjpfhuk;> [dehaf kWg;G> Rje;jpukpd;ik..." ,g;gbahd fUj;Jf;fs; jhd; gug;gg; gl;L te;Js;sd. jhDk;> jd; FLk;gKk; kl;Lk; tho;f;if trjpfis mDgtpj;jhy; NghJk; vd;w Raeyk; kpf;f jkpo; Nkl;Lf;FbapdUk; mg;gbj; jhd; gpur;rhuk; nra;thu;fs;. Mdhy;> vjpu;kiwahd gpur;rhuq;fSf;F mg;ghy;> Nrh\ypr ehLfspy; epiyik vg;gb ,Ue;jJ vd;W Muha tpl khl;lhu;fs;. gpuhd;]; ehl;by; fw;Nwhupdhy; kjpf;fg;gLk; Le Monde jpdrupg; gj;jpupifapd; khj ,johd Le Monde diplomatique> Kd;dhs; fpof;F n[u;kdpapy; ngz;fspd; epiyik gw;wp xU fl;Liu gpuRupj;Js;sJ. mjpy; te;j jfty;fis ,q;Nf jUfpNwd;: ngu;ypd; kjpy; tpOe;j gpd;du;> ,uz;L n[u;kdpfspYk; thOk; ngz;fspd; tho;f;ifj;juk; xNu kl;lj;jpw;F tUk; vd;W r%f tpQ;Qhdpfs; vjpu;ghu;j;jhu;fs;. n[u;kd; rk\;bf; FbauR vd;W miof;fg; gl;l Kd;dhs; Nkw;F n[u;kdpapy;> Ie;J tajpw;Fl;gl;l gps;isfis itj;jpUe;j 16% jha;khu; kl;LNk KONeu Copau;fshf ,Ue;jhu;fs;. Mdhy;> n[u;kd; [dehaff; FbauR vd;W miof;fg;gl;l Kd;dhs; fpof;F n[u;kdpapy;> 52% jha;khu;fs; KONeu Ntiy nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. n[u;kd; xd;wpiztpd; gpd;du;> Kd;dhs; fpof;F n[u;kdpia Nru;e;j jha;khu; mjpfkhf ghjpf;fg; gl;Ls;sdu;. Kd;G Nrh\ypr ehlhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy;> ngz;fs; kpf ,yFthf FLk;gj;ij guhkupj;Jf; nfhz;Nl Ntiyf;Fk; nrd;W tu Kbe;jJ. mNj Neuk;> Kd;dhs; Nkw;F n[u;kdpapy; tho;e;j ngz;fSf;F mJ kpfTk; rpukkhd tplakhf ,Ue;jJ. jw;NghJ> Ntiytha;g;G fpilf;fhj fpof;F n[u;kd; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;Js;sJ. mJ mtu;fsJ tho;f;if Kiwfs;> vjpu;fhyj; jpl;lq;fspYk; khw;wq;fis cz;lhf;fp cs;sJ. mJ kl;Lky;yhJ> mtu;fsJ jd;dk;gpf;ifAk; Fiwe;Js;sJ. jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

1950 k; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpwF> INuhg;gpa ehLfs; vq;fpYk; Ntiy nra;Ak; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> Kjyhspj;Jt Nkw;F n[u;kdpAld; xg;gpLk; nghOJ> Nrh\ypr fpof;F n[u;kdpapy;> ciof;Fk; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if gy klq;F mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ! ngu;ypd; kjpy; tpOk; tiuapy;> 92% fpof;F n[u;kd; ngz;fs; epue;jukhf Ntiy nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. 60% ngz;fs; khj;jpuNk Ntiyf;F nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j Nkw;F INuhg;ghTld; xg;gpLk; nghOJ> fpof;F n[u;kd; ciof;Fk; ngz;fspd; tpfpjhrhuk; cyfpNyNa kpf mjpfkhdJk;> jdpj;JtkhdJk; MFk;.

n[u;kd;) murpd; njhopy; Kftu; epiyaj;jpw;F nry;Yk; Xu; ,sk; jha;> "vdf;F xU Foe;ij ,Uf;fpwJ" vd;W nrhd;dhy;> mYtyu;fs; Kfj;ijj; jpUg;gpf; nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. (Vndd;why; mtUf;fhd Ntiy tha;g;G kpf kpff; FiwthFk;.)

Kd;dhs; fpof;F n[u;kdpapy;> muR vy;yhg; nghWg;igAk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. xU Ntiyf;Fg; NghFk; jha;> jdJ Foe;ijfis guhkupg;gjw;F FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fis gpbj;J tplj; Njitapy;iy. Ntiyf;F nry;Yk; fztDk; Neuj;ij xJf;fj; Njitapy;iy. muNr Foe;ijfs; guhkupg;G epiyaq;fis 92% ngz;fs; Ntiyf;F nrd;w ajhu;j;jj;ij xOq;F gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jJ. ,jdhy;> jha;khu;fs; ftdj;jpy; vLj;jhy;> fpof;F n[u;kd; ngz;fs;> kw;wtu;fspy; jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;b ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mz;fSf;F epfuhd rk cupikfis n[u;kd; xd;wpizT> Kd;dhs; fpof;F n[u;kd; mDgtpj;jdu; vd;gJ njspthFk;. Nkw;F ngz;fspd; Rje;jpuj;ij gwpj;njLj;J tpl;lJ. n[u;kd; ngz;fs;> "Foe;ijfis guhkupg;gjw;fhf tPl;by; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;" vd;w epyg;gpuGj;Jt 2000 k; Mz;L vLf;fg;gl;l fUj;Jf; fzpg;gpd; kugpy; ,Ue;J tpLgl Kbahky; ,Ue;jdu;. mNj gb> Kd;dhs; fpof;F - Nkw;F n[u;kdpfis Neuk;> fpof;F n[u;kd; ngz;fs;> fztdpd; Nru;e;j ngz;fs;> Ntiy> Foe;ijfs; gw;wp> rk;ghj;jpaj;ij ek;gpapuhky; Rakhf rk;ghjpj;J ,uz;L khWgl;l fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;bUe;jij nrhe;jf; fhypy; epd;wdu;. mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ. nghJthf vy;yhg; ngz;fSk; gps;isfs; jkf;F Kf;fpak; vd;W vOgJfspy; fpof;F n[u;kdpapy; Foe;ijfs; nrhd;dhu;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> Nkw;F n[u;kd; gpwf;Fk; tpfpjk; Fiwe;jJ. mjdhy;> jpUkz- ngz;fs;> njhopiy tpl> gps;is tsu;g;Gf;F khfhj AtjpfSk;> tpthfuj;J nra;j ngz;fSk;> mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. jk; Kd;dhy; Foe;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij muR Cf;Ftpj;jJ. ,Ue;j midj;J tifahd f\;lq;fisAk; "Nrh\ypr rKjhaj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd ghu;j;j gpd;dUk;> Ntiyapy;yhj fhyj;ij> kdpj tY" vd;W rhkhdpa kf;fshy; Foe;ij guhkupg;gpy; nrytpLtJ rpwe;jJ vd;W ieahz;b nra;ag;gl;lhYk;> muR mtu;fSf;F ek;gpdhu;fs;. Ntz;ba tpNrl rYiffis nra;J nfhLj;jjd; %yk;> r%f me;j];ij cau;j;jpaJ. mNj mjw;F khwhf> fpof;F n[u;kd; ngz;fs;> Neuk;> Nkw;F n[u;kdpapy; tho;e;j ngz;fspy; njhopiyAk;> Foe;ij tsu;g;igAk; rkkhd gyu;> tpthfuj;Jf;Fg; gpd;du; tWikf;Fs; flikfshf fUjpdhu;fs;. jq;fs; gps;isfspd; js;sg; gl;ldu;. jha;ik miltJ> ngz;fspd; gbg;Gf;Fk;> vjpu;fhyj;jpw;Fk; Ntiy nra;Ak; jha; gpd;dilthf fUjg; gl;lJ. Kd;Djhuzkhf ,Ug;ghu; vd;W ek;Gfpwhu;fs;. Ntiyf;F nry;tjhy; jhk; kfpo;r;rpahf mjdhy;> n[u;kd; xd;wpiztpd; gpd;du;> ,Ug;gjhfTk;> mjdhy; jhapd; flikfis Kd;dhs; fpof;F n[u;kd; ngz;fs; epiwNtw;Wtjw;F ve;j ,ilA+Wk; tuhJ vd;Wk; mjpfstpy; ghjpf;fg; gl;ljpy; tpag;gpy;iy. nrhy;fpd;wdu;. jq;fsJ nghUshjhu Rje;jpuk;> ve;jf; fhyj;jpYk; Ntiyapy;yhg; gpur;rpidia KOf; FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; ed;ik gaf;Fk; vd;W mDgtpj;jpuhjtu;fs;> jkf;F gy rYiffis thjpLfpd;wdu;. toq;fpa murikg;G nehWq;fpg; Nghdij czu;e;J nfhz;lhu;fs;. jw;NghJ (xd;wpize;j Nkw;F n[u;kd; ngz;fs;> (Ntiyf;F Nghfhky;)

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thu ,Wjp ehl;fspy; Ntiy nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ehq;fs; cd;idf; Nfl;Nghk; vd;whu;. mjw;F ehd; Kbahnjd;W kWj;J tpl;Nld;. mJ vdJ jtW. mtUf;F vd; Nky; Nfhgk; te;J tpl;lJ. Cupy; vj;jid Mapuk; Ngu; Ntiyapy;yhky; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs; njupAkh? ,e;j Ntiy fpilj;jjw;fhf re;Njh\g; gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W rj;jk; Nghl;lhu;." jdJ mDgtf; fijia $wp tpl;L me;jj; jha; Nfl;lhu;:"vdf;F Ntiy Kf;fpak; jhd;. Mdhy;> Ntiy fhuzkhf fhiy Kjy; ,uT tiuapy; vdJ Foe;ijia ghu;f;f Kbahnjd;why; mJ vd;d tho;f;if? vd;d khjpupahd rKjhaj;jpy; tho;fpNwhk;?"

r%f tpQ;Qhdpfshd Jutta Gysi> Dagmar Meyer MfpNahupd; $w;wpd; gb: "Kd;dhs; fpof;F n[u;kdpapd; FLk;gf; nfhs;ifahdJ ngz; tpLjiyia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mJ ,d;iwf;F elf;f Kbahj xd;W. ngUk;ghyhd ngz;fs; nra;J te;j njhopy;fs;> Mz;fSilaij tpl juk; Fiwe;jjhf ,Ue;jJ cz;ik. mjdhy; 30% Fiwe;j rk;gsk; fpilj;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> (thlif fl;l Kbahky;) tPl;il ,of;f Ntz;Lnkd;w gak; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Foe;ij gukhupg;G epiyaj;jpy; ,lk; fpilf;Fkh vd;w ftiy ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Vndd;why;> mtu;fs; murpd; ek;gfkhd r%feyj; jpl;lq;fspy; jq;fp ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ngz;fSf;F rk cupik toq;f Ntz;Lnkd;why;> mJ ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg; gl Kd;dhs; fpof;F n[u;kdpia Nru;e;j jha;khu; Ntz;ba> kpf Kf;fpakhd tplak;." vy;NyhUk;> jkJ mtkhdj;ij nghWj;Jf; nfhz;L> GJikahd tpjpfSld; $ba ngu;ypd; kjpy; tpOe;jTld;> fpof;F n[u;kdpapd; tpisahl;Lf;fis tpisahl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ghypd rkj;JtKk; tpOe;J tpl;lJ. MapDk;> mNj Neuk;> Kd;dhs; Nkw;F n[u;kd; jha;khiug; fhy; E}w;whz;Lf;Fg; gpd;dUk;> mJ r%fj;jpy; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,J tho;f;ifapd; ajhu;j;jk;. jha;khupd; rpe;jidg; Nghf;if jPu;khdpf;fpwJ. xU Ntiyaw;w ,sk; jha;> jdf;F ,uz;L Foe;ijfs; ,Uf;Fk; fhuzj;ij fhl;b> gy ,lq;fspy; Ntiy kWf;fg; gl;ljhff; $Wfpd;whu;. jd;dhy; Foe;ijia guhkupg;gjw;F xOq;F gLj;j KbAk; vd;W nrhd;d NghjpYk; ahUk; fhJ nfhLj;Jf; Nfl;fj; jahuhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mLj;j Foe;ijf;F vjpu;ghu;g;gjhf ve;j ,lj;jpYk; cz;ikia $w KbahJ. ,jdhy;> Ntiyf;fhd Neu;Kfj; Nju;tpy;> ,d;ndhU Foe;ijf;F Mirapy;iy vd;W $w Ntz;ba epu;g;ge;jk; cUthfpd;wJ. fk;A+dpr Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; elf;Fk; Neu;Kfj; Nju;Tfspy;> mg;gb xd;iw $Wk; epiyikia fw;gid nra;J $l ghu;f;f KbahJ.

(ed;wp: Le Monde diplomatique> June 2015) (tpthfuj;J ngw;W jdpahf thOk;) ,sk; jha; xUtu; jdJ mDgtj;ijf; $wpdhu;: "xU jlit vdJ tPl;Lf;F mUfhikapy; ,Ue;j epWtdk; xd;wpy; mYtyfg; gzpahsu; Ntiy fpilj;jJ. vdJ epu;thfp> mtUk; xU ngz;> xU ehs; vd;idf; $g;gpl;L Ngrpdhu;. thuj;jpw;F ehw;gJ kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhf> my;yJ

(gpw;Fwpg;G: INuhg;ghtpy; trpf;fhj jkpo; thrfu;fs; Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf> ehd; fl;Liuapy; rpy ,lq;fspy; Nkyjpf tpsf;fk; nfhLj;Js;Nsd;.) (ed;wp: fiyafk;)

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

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