முகடு 4 by முகடு

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xU ,dj;jpd; milahsj;ij rpwg;Gw ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F mt;tpdj;Jf;Fhpajhd jha; nkhopahdJ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;W tpsq;FfpwJ. jha; nkhopapd; rpwg;Gj; jd;ikia itj;Nj mt;tpdj;jpd; kjpg;ig kl;bLth;. xU nkhopapd; jdpj;Jtk; vd;gJ mk; nkhop cyfpy; toq;fptUfpd;w Vida nkhopfspd; Jizapd;wp Fwpg;ghf gpwnkhopf; fyg;gpd;wpAk; fhykhw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g mjd; jdpj;jd;ikapdpd;WtOthky; tpyfhky; jdpj;Jtk; khwhky; ,Ue;jhy; mk;nkhopf;F ,Uf;Fk; kjpg;Ngh jdp. mj;jF jdpr;rpwg;igj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;L tpsq;FtJ vkJ jha;nkhopahfpa jkpo; nkhopNaahFk;. nrk;ikAk; nrSikAk; kpf;f nkhopahfpa jkpo; nkhop fy; Njhd;wp kz;Njhd;wh fhyj;J %j;j nkhopahFk.; ,d;W G+Nfhsj;jpd; gy;NtW gpuNjrq;fspYk;; vkJ jkpo; ,dj;jth;fs; gue;Jgl;L tho;e;J tUfpwhh;fs;. ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; cyfj; njhd;nkhopfSs; xd;whf ,d;Wk; nghypT Fd;whky; gPL epiwe;J tpsq;Fk; jkpo; nkhopahdJ mijg; gpuNahfpf;Fk; ,d kf;fshy; jtwhd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jgl;L tUtjidf; fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpo; nkhop Njhd;wpa ehl;byhfl;Lk; my;yJ jkpoh;fspd; gz;ghLfis Xustpw;fhtJ gpd;gw;Wfpd;w ,yq;ifapyhfl;Lk; Gyk;ngah; tho; jkpo;kf;fsplj;jpyhfl;Lk; vq;Fk; rhp jkpo;nkhopiag; gpuNahfpf;Fk; NghJ jkpo;nkhop cr;rhpg;G KiwapYk;rhp vOj;J tbtj;jpYk; rhp gy;NtW jtWfs; epfo;e;J tUfpd;wik jkpo;nkhop kPJk; ,dj;jpd; kPJk; gw;Wf;Nfhlhf ,Ug;gth;fspd; Jah;kpFe;j Mjq;fkhf mikfpwJ. jkpo;nkhopahdJ ,w;iwf;F %thapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; njhy;fhg;gpak; je;j njhy;fhg;gpah; fhyj;jpw;F Kd;gpUe;Nj tskhd ,yf;fz mikg;igAk; tdg;Gkpf;f ,yf;fpar; nrOikiaAk; nfhz;L rpwg;ghf mike;j nrk;nkhopahfj; jpfo;e;J tUfpwJ. jkpo;nkhop mjd; jdpj;jd;ikia ,og;gjw;F mt;tg;NghJ jkpo; ehl;il Ml;rpGhpe;j md;dpaiuf; fhuzkhff; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; nfhs;sKbAk;.gy;yth; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; xy;yhe;jh; kw;Wk; Mq;fpNyah;fs; khwp khwp jkpofj;ij Ml;rp Ghpe;jikahy; jkpo;nkhopAk; gy

khw;wq;fisr; re;jpj;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; ,d;W Mq;fpy nkhopapd; jhf;fk; cah;e;jpUg;gijf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.jkpo; nkhopAld; Mq;fpyj;ij xg;G Nehf;Fk; NghJ Mq;fpykhdJ jw;fhyj;Jf;Nfw;w nkhopahfTk; tzpf nkhopahfTk; fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; tsh;e;J tUfpd;wnkhopahfTk; cyf nkhopfspypUe;J mjpfsT nrhw;fisf; fld; ngw;Wk; GJg;GJ E}y;fis cUthf;fp tUfpd;w gd;dhl;L murpay; nkhopahfj; jpfo;fp;wJ. Mdhy; jkpo; nkhopahdJ mg;gbay;y epiwe;j nrhy;tsKk; EZf;fkhd nghUs; mikg;Gk; cilajhFk;. murpay; hPjpahd MjuT ,d;ikahYk; gpw nkhopapd; fyg;gpdhYk; mjd; jdpj;jd;ikia ,oe;Jk; Fwpg;ghf Mq;fpy Nkhfj;jhy; jd; nrhe;jkf;fshNy Gwe;js;sg;gLtjhfTk; gy mUk; ngUk; nrhw;fisf;$l fhyk; NjhWk; ,oe;J tUfpd;wik jkpo;nkhopapd; ,og;gpw;F JizGhpfpd;wd. ,f;fhyj;jpy; jkpo; thf;fpa mikg;Gf;fs; Mq;fpy nkhopapdhy; Mf;fpukpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.jkpo; kf;fs; thOfpd;w gFjpfspy; jkpo; nkhopahdJ Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wik fz;$L. jkpo; nkhopia J}ajhf mjd; jdpj;Jtk; khwhky; gad;gLj;JNthh; mhpjpYk; mhpJ vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;. MapDk; <oj;jpy;; Nghuhl;l fhyj;jpy; vkJ jkpo; xh; cd;dj epiyia mile;jpUe;jJ. md;W <oj;jpNy jkpNohL Mq;fpyj;ij fye; jkpq;fpyk; Ngrpa jkpoiuf; fz;L ntFz;nlOe;j <oj;jpd; czh;r;rpf ftpQh; fhrpahde;jd; “jkpoh eP NgRtJ jkpoh” md;idiaj; jkpo; thahy; kk;kp vd;wioj;jha;moFf; Foe;ijia Nggp vd;wioj;jha;vd;dlh je;ijia lhb vd;wioj;jha; ,d;Daph; jkpio eP nfhd;W njhiyj;jha; cwit yt; vd;wha; cjthj Nrh;f;if xa;g; vd;wha; kidtpia ghh; cd;wd; Nghf;if ,uit iew; vd;wha; tpbahJd; tho;f;if,dpg;ig ];tPl; vd;wha; mWj;njwp ehf;if vd jdJ ftp thpfshy; jkpq;fpyk; Ngrpa jkpoh;fs; Kfj;jpy; miwe;jhh;.jkpod; vd;W

n[.tpNdhj; aho;g;ghzk;

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

nrhy;ylh jiyepkph;e;J epy;ylh vd;w $w;Wf;F ,zq;f jkpoDila tPuj;ijAk; jkpo; nkhopapd; ngUikiaAk; cyfwpar; nra;jhd; vkJ jhidj; jiytd;. jkpopdj;jpd; tpbaYf;fhfTk; vkJ jha; epyj;Jf;fhfTk; jkJ ,d;Daph;fis MFjpfshf;fpdhh;fs; jkpo; ngw;w vk;khtPuh;fs; vkJ jha; nkhopapd; rpwg;igAk; jkpoh; tPuj;ijAk; cyfwpar;nra;ag; Gwg;gl;l vk;tPukwth;fs; <oj;jpy; jdpj; jkpo;nkhopg; gpuNahfj;ij tYg;gLj;j Kw;gl;ldh;. <okz;zpy; gpwe;j jk; kfTfSf;F ngw;Nwhh; mofhd jkpo;g; ngah;fisr; R+bkfpo;e;jdh;. th;jf epWtdq;fspd; ngah;g;gyiffs; midj;Jk; J}ajkpopy; nghwpf;fg;gl;L vq;Fk; jkpo; epiwe;jpUe;jJ. MapDk; jkpod; tPuk; fz;L fpypnfhz;l rpy ehLfspd; fglj;jdj;jhy; Jujp];lrtrkhf vkJ Nghuhl;lk; ,ileLNt fUfptplNt Aj;jk; KbTf;F te;j gpd;dh; jkpo;nkhopapd; tPr;Rk; rw;Wj; jsh;tilaj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,d;W vkJ jkpoh;fspy; gyh; jkJ jha; nkhopia vOj;Jg;gpioapd;wp vOjj; njhpahjth;fshfTk; rhpahf cr;rhpf;fj; njhpahjth;fshfTk; khwptUtJ Ntjidf;Fhpa tplakhFk;. <oj;jpy; jkpq;fpyk; NgRk; tof;fk; kPz;Lk; tPr;rile;J tUfpwJ. ,j;jifa Nghf;F vk;k thpilNa Kistpl ntspehLfspy; ,Ue;J vkJ <oj;Jf;F tUifjUk; jkpoh;fNs J}z;ly; NgWfshf mikfpd;wdh;. vkJ kz;zpNy gpwe;J tsh;e;J nfhba Aj;jj;jhy; Gyk;ngah;e;J ntsp ehLfspy; jQ;rkile;J ,d;W <ok; jpUk;Gk; gyUila ehtpy; vkJ jha;nkhopahfpa jkpo;nkhopf;Fg; gjpy; me;epa nkhopahfpa Mq;fpyk; Gus;tijNa mtjhdpf;fKbfpwJ. Vd; vd;why;; ntspehl;by; ,Ue;Jtpl;L ,q;F te;J jdpj;jkpopy; fijj;jhy; khpahijf;FiwT vd vz;Zk; Nghf;Nf ,d;W gyhplj;jpy; epyTfpwJ. ,jdhy; jkpo;nkhop NgrhJ ge;jhTf;fhf Edpehf;fpy; Mq;fpyk; Ngrpj;jphpfpd;wdh;. ,th;fSila ,r;nray; <oj;jpy; tho;e;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; vkf;F fLk; tprdkspg;gjhfNt cs;sJ. ,d;W Ngr;R nkhopapyhdhYk; rhp vOj;J nkhopapyhdhYk; rhp Mq;fpy nkhopapd; jhf;fk; vy;iykPwpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;epiyapy; jkpoh;fs; Vida gpwnkhopfisf; fw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$lhJ vd typAWj;JtJ ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkd;W. ehk; midtUk; gpwnkhopfisf; fw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; jtNwJk; ,y;iy MapDk; vkJ jha;nkhopahfpa jkpo; nkhopapd; jdpj;Jtk;khwhky; vkJ nkhopiag; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;. Xh; ,dj;jpd; rhd;whd nkhop ghJfhf;fg;gLNkahdhy; mt;

KfL

tpdj;jpd; ];jpuj;jd;ikia cWjpnra;a KbAk;. ,y;iyNay; mt;tpdk; mopf;fg;gl;l ,dkhf xLf;fg;gl;l ,dkhf ,dk; vd;w milahsNk ,y;yhj Xh; ,dkhf khWjy; milaf;$ba mjpfgl;r re;jh;g;gq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jpy; vkJ ,dKk; tpjptpyf;fy;y vd;gijj; jkpoh;fshfpa ehk; midtUk; Ghpe;Jnfhz;L elg;NghNkahdhy; vkJ jkpo; vkJ nkhop vd;WNk jdpj;Jtk; kpf;fjhf kpspUk;. vdNt cynfq;Fk; thOk; jkpo;NgRk; kf;fs; midtUk; nghJ,lq;fspy; cq;fs; jha;nkhopNgr ntl;fg;glhjPh;fs; ehfhpfk; vDk; khiaapy; rpf;fp vkJ nkhopia rpijf;fhjPh;fs; ntspehLfspy; gpwf;Fk; cq;fs; Foe;ijfSf;F vkJ jha;nkhopahfpa jkpo;nkhopia rPuhfNgr vOjf; fw;Wf;nfhLq;fs; jha;nkhopapd; ngUikia czh;j;Jq;fs;. mt;thW elg;gPh;fNsahdhy; cq;fshy; vq;fshy; jkpo; vd;Wk; thOk; ePz;L epiyf;Fk;. “jkpOf;Fk; mKnjd;W Ngh; me;jj; jkpo;,d;gj; jkpo;vq;fs; capUf;F Neh;” ghujpjhrd;

vg;NghJk; gpd;tupirapy; xopahjPu;fs; Kd; tupirf;F thUq;fs;.

Nghu;

%yk;: N[hu;[pankhop

nkhopkhw;wk;; Rfp Rtp]; I. vd; fpzW tw;wpg;Ngha;f; fplf;fpwJ kuq;fspNy njhq;Fk; goq;fisg; Nghy ePu;j;jptiyfs; njhq;fpf;nfhz;LbUf;fpd;wd> vdf;nfd;Nwhu; jhafkpy;iy. II. vd;tPl;L maytdpd; fjtpy; njhq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;j gyifapypUe;J xU vLNfhis Kbr;rtpo;j;Njd; - mit jhtuj;jpd; NtNuhba jlq;fSk;> tpyfpr;nry;Yk; ghjq;fspd; RtLfSkha;! vdf;nfd;Nwhu; jhafkpy;iy. III. ehNdh xU ,we;j fly; Edpehf;fpdhy; $l capu;g;gpf;fKbahjgb ,q;Nf cg;Gk; nrj;Jg;Ngha;f; fplf;fpwJ. eP gUfpg; grpahWk; Kiyfshd> gha;e;NjhLk; ,U ejpfSk; ,q;fpy;iy. vdf;nfd;Nwhu; jhafkpy;iy.

IV. eP vd;idf; fhjypf;fpd;wha; vd;W kl;Lk; vd;dplk; nrhy;yptplhNj> vdf;fJ Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;gjhy; ehd; vd; fhJfis ,Wf %bf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;> ,ilr;nrhUFk; cd; Fuy;fshy; vd; fhaq;fis epug;Gfpd;Nwd;> vdf;nfd;Nwhu; jhafKkpy;iy fhjypy; ve;j mu;j;jKkpy;iy xUNtis ehd; flypy; ngw;nwLf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk;. V. vd; fpzW tw;wpg;Ngha;f; fplf;fpwJ kuq;fspNy njhq;Fk; goq;fisg; Nghy ePu;j;jptiyfs; njhq;fpf;nfhz;LbUf;fpd;wd> vdf;nfd;Nwhu; jhafkpy;iy.

cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh vOj;Jf;fspd; tbtq;fis fhz;Nghkhapd; mjd; fl;likg;G vd;gJ gLf;if NfhL(horizontal line) > nrq;Fj;jhd NfhL(vertical line)> tisT(curve)> tl;lk;(circle)> miu tl;lk;(half circle) vd;W ,tw;wpy; VNjh xd;Nwh my;y ,tw;Ws; xd;W> ,uz;Nlh mlq;fptpLk;.Mdhy; ek; jkpo; nkhopapd; Kjy; vOj;J “m” ,tw;wpy; vy;yh tbtq;fisAk; cs; mlf;fpaJ vd;gJ Mr;ru;aj;ij jUjpwJ. ek; jkpo; nkhopapd; Kjy; vOj;J vd;gJ cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh vOj;J tbtq;fSk; ,jDs; mlf;fk; vd;gNj Fwpg;gjhf njupfpwJ. jkpodpd; nkhop MSik vOj;jhSik vd;WNk tpaf;f itf;fpwJ ! -kPdhl;rp Re;juk;-

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

rptiyAk; NfR gukrhkp. aho;g;ghzj;jpd; ika gFjpapy; ,Ue;J Rkhu; ,Ugj;jp Ie;J fp.kP. J}uj;jpy; js;sp ,Ue;jJ vq;fs; fpuhkk;. Kg;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; vq;fs; fpuhkk; vg;gb ,Ue;jJ vd;why; vd;why; ePq;fs; ghujpuh[h glj;jpy; ghu;f;Fk; fpuhkk; Nghy ,y;yhky;Nfushit QhgfgLj;JtJ Nghy ,Uf;Fk; vq;fs; fpuhkk;. xt;nthU tPLk; jdpjdp Xl;L tPLfs; my;yJ M];ng];lh]; \Pl;bdhy; nra;ag;gl;l $iufs;> xiyf;nfhl;by;fs; vd uk;kpakhf ,Uf;Fk;. fhzp ,y;yhjtu;fNsh my;yJ nrhe;j tPL ,y;yhjtu;fNsh vq;fs; Cupy; fhz KbahJ. kh> gyh> njd;id cl;gl xUtUf;F Njitahd vy;yh fha; fwpfSk;> goq;fSk; mNj tPl;bNyNa ngwf;$ba msTf;F trjpahfTk;> G+f;fshy; epuk;gpajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. fUNty kuq;fis ePq;fs; vq;Fk; fhz KbahJ. NuhLfs; ngq;fShu; i`Nt Nghy ,y;yhky; XusT Fz;Lk; FopAkhf ,Ug;gJld; vy;yh tPLfisAk;

KfL

RUl;Lk;

,izg;gJ "xOq;if" vd ehq;fs; miof;Fk; xw;iwabghijjhd;. fLFehty; gw;iwfs; epuk;gp ,Uf;Fk;. vq;fs; Cupd; kz; vd;gJ ,uj;jjpdhy; rpte;jJ Nghy fLk; rptg;G fyupy; ,Ug;gNjhL ,e;j kz;iz aho; efupd; gpw gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J te;J buhf;lu;fspy; Vw;wpnry;tij $l ehd; fz;bUf;fpNwd;. vq;fs; Cupd; gpujhd njhopy; vd;gJ tptrhak;. mq;Nf gzg;gapuhfGifapiy gapupLthu;fs;. mjdhy; xU Ms; gLf;f $ba msT ngupa ngupa Gifapiyfs; tsu;e;J me;j CNu gr;irgNry; vd;wpUf;Fk;. Vf;fu; fzf;fhd ,e;j tptrha fhzpfspy; ntq;fhak;>kpsfha;> kuts;sp> jf;fhsp> gr;irgaW ,g;gb gy gapu;fisAk;> GifapiyiaAk; khw;wp khw;wp gapupLthu;fs;. ,j;jidf;Fk; Mw;Wghrdk; vd;gJ ,y;yNt ,y;iy. KOtJk; fpzw;W ePu; ghrdk; jhd;. Gifapiyfs; tsu;e;j gpd;du; Ml;fis itj;J ntl;b mjid Fopapy; ,l;L gjdgLj;jp gpd;du; nfhOk;GTf;F

yhupfspy; Vw;Wthu;fs;. njd;idku fhw;W> gapu;fspd; thrid> jkNuhd;> nghypNlhy; Nghd;w kUe;Jfspd; thridfSk; mbj;jgb ,Uf;Fk;. fpSit kuq;fSk;> G+tuR ku ,jkhd fhw;Wk; ,jkhf tPr NubNahtpy; Nf.v];. uh[h my;yJ mg;Jy;`kPJ ,tu;fsJ Fuy;fspy; xypr;rpj;jpuk; Nfl;lgb kf;fs; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. CUf;F xJf;FGwkhf xU itutu; NfhapYk;> Njq;fha; cupf;Fk; cy;Y> rg;gwk; fl;Lk; rfil> gid tlyp> re;ij> gidNahiyahy; Ntag;gl;l Ntypfs;> fiuahd; mupj;j rpy nfhl;by;fs;> Nghd;w fpuhkj;J mk;rq;fSk; ,Uf;Fk;. Ntiy apy;yhjtu;fs; vd;gNj fpilahJ vd;gJ Nghy RUl;L Rw;Wk; njhopyhsu;fSk;> RUl;L KjyhspfSk; ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;Jk; fr;rjPtpy; ,Ue;Jk; rhkhd;fs; nfhz;Lte;J tpw;gid nra;Ak; Kjyhspfs; vd gyjug;gl;l kdpju;fs; epuk;gpa Cu;.. RUf;fkhf nrhy;yg;Nghdhy; tWik vd;gNj vd;dntd;W njupahky; ,Ue;jJ vq;fs; fpuhkk;. vq;fs; mk;khtpdJ %j;j rNfhjud; jhd; "rz;bad; rpd;dj;jk;gp" vd Cupy; ngUk;ghyhuhy; miof;fg;gl;ltu;. vq;fs; khkhTf;F "rptiy" vdg;gLk; Gidg;ngaUk; cz;L. fhuzk; mtuJ Njhw;wk; fpl;lj;jl;l ebfu; "upah];fhd;" Nghd;w fl;Lk];j;jhd clyikg;Gk; mtuJ rpte;j clk;GkhFk;. " rptiy" vq;fs; fpuhkj;jpy; gpugykhjw;F ,d;ndhU fhuzKk; vd;dntd;why; jpdKk; mOif rj;jk;> $f;Fuy; njhlu;e;J Nfl;Fk; xNu tPL vq;fSilaJjhd;. xd;W Fbj;Jtpl;L vq;fs; rpj;jpkhiuNah my;yJ NtW ahiuahtJ Nghl;L mbg;ghu;> my;yJ ahiuahtJ fj;jpahy; Fj;jptpl;L te;jpUg;ghu;. xd;Wkpy;iy vd;why; Rk;khrup tPl;bw;F NghyP]; te;J ,Uf;Fk;. ,g;gb jpdKk; epk;kjp ,y;yhky; NghdJ vq;fs; tho;f;if. Nghjhf;Fiwf;F "fhr;rhd;" vdg;gLk; fs;sr;rhuhak; fhr;RtjpYk; mij Cu; Cuhf rg;gis gz;ZtjpYk; $l nuhk;g nfl;bf;fhuu;fshf vq;f Ml;fs; ,Ue;jdu;. "rptiy" khkh fhr;rhid juk; gpupj;J ghu;f;Fk; "Nl];l;" kh];luhf NtW gzpahw;wp myg;giw gz;Zthu;. vdNt NghyP]; ,q;Nf mbf;fb tUtJ thbf;if. "rq;ff;fil" vdg;gLk; $l;LwT rq;fj;jpy; vq;fs; Cupy; jhd; rPdpAk;> BrYk; mjpfkhf fhypahFk; fhuzk; fhr;rhd; fhr;r ,itapuz;Lk; jhd; mjpfkhf Njit. rptiy jdpahf Iahapuk; RUl;Lfs; xUehspy; Rw;WksT nfl;bf;fhuu; vd;gJld; ed;whf fLikahf cioj;J FLk;gj;jpdiu ve;j f\;lKk; ,y;yhky; ghu;j;Jte;jhu;. vdNt mtu; tPl;by; vd;djhd; ml;^opak; gz;zpdhYk; ngupjhf ahUk; xd;Wk; nrhy;tjpy;iy. ngupajhf gbj;jtu; ,y;iynad;whYk; mtu; Nfuf;lupy; xU Neu;ik ,Uf;Fk;. " rptiyNahl

Nru;e;J tho;jNy rpwe;j typikahFk; rz;ilah?!! mg;grup cdf;F ,dp n[d;kj;Jrdp jhd;"!!!vd Cuhu; gag;gLthu;fs;. vdNt Cu; ikdu;fs; Fku;ngz;fshf ,Ue;j vdJ rpj;jpkhUf;F irl; mbf;fNt gag;gLthu;fs;. vNjh rz;ilapy; rptiy khkh Kd;gy;Y jdpahf fhzhky; Nghdjhy; mjw;F jq;f gy;Y fl;bapUe;jhu;. ,e;jpah rq;F khu;f; Yq;fpfs;> uyp vdg;gLk; irf;fps; vd jukhd nghUl;fis kl;LNk khkh gad;gLj;Jthu;. ehq;fs; tpisahbf;nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;NghJ vq;f tPl;L G+id jiynjwpf;f Xbdhy; khkh irf;fpspy; tUfpwhu; vd ehq;fs; njupe;Jnfhz;L ehq;fSk; rPupa]hf gbg;gJNghy ght;yh fhl;LNthk;. Ntiytpl;L te;jJk; xUkzpNeuk; fLikahf vf;rir]; nra;Jtpl;L vz;iz Fspay; NghLthu;. ehd; xUehs; khiy gs;spf;$lk; Ngha;tpl;L te;Jnfhz;L ,Ue;Njd;. tof;fk;Nghy vq;fs;tPl;bw;F Kd;dhy; $l;lkhf ,Ue;jJ. tof;fkhd jfuhW Nghy ,Uf;Fk; vd ehd; epidj;Jf;nfhz;L fpl;lte;J ghu;j;Njd;. mq;Nf xU fu;gpzpg;ngz; tapj;jpy; fj;jpahy; Fj;jg;gl;L Fw;Wapuhf Jbj;jgb ,Ue;jhu;. ngz;fs; vy;yhUk; gae;jgbAk; gjl;lkhfTk; Jzpfis fpopj;J fj;jpFjpa ,lj;jpy; gpbj;jgb "INah INah" vd fj;jpagb me;j fu;g;gpzp ngz;iz fhg;ghw;w Nghuhbdu;. " ,e;j rptiy NtrNkDf;F ,Nj Ntiyah Nghr;R!! ,z;ilf;F tplg;glhJ !!! ctUf;F FLf;fjhd; NtZk;!!!" vd xUtu; fj;jpagb jpkpu gyNgu; mtiu mKf;fp gpbj;jgb ,Ue;jdu;. xU Ik;gJ Ngu; NuhL KOtJk; mq;Fkpq;Fk; miye;jgb ,Ue;jdu;. vq;fs; tPl;L xOq;ifNa fytu G+kpahf khwpaJ..rptiy khkhjhd; fjpahy Fj;jpl;lhu; vd;gij fd;ghu;k; nra;Jnfhz;L nkJthf tPl;Lf;Fs; Eioe;J ghu;j;Njd;. tPl;bYk; xNu fytuk;. Mr;rp> rpj;jpkhu; jiyapy; ifia itj;J Fa;Nah KiwNah vd fj;jpagb ,Ue;jdu;..” rptiy!! ,dp eP n[d;kj;Jf;F ntspa tNuyhJ!! mts; nrj;Jl;lhs;!!nfhOk;Gf;F Xllh “ vd rpyu; jhWkhwhf ml;it]; gz;zpdhu;. mtu; NghyPrpy; khl;lf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf NtW cLg;G Nghl;L xU rpyu; gj;jpukhf rptiy khkhit gpd;gf;f tlyp topahf $b nrd;wdu;. vdf;F rpd;d taJ jhd; mg;NghJ vd;whYk; mk;khtplk; Ngha; vd;d ele;jJ vd;W Nfl;Nld;.

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

“ rptiy khkh gf;fj;J tPl;L ghyr;re;jpuNdhl rz;il!!!mtu; fj;jp vLf;f khkhTk; fj;jp vLj;jhu;.!!. gpwF mtUf;F Fj;jNghf kdprp FWf;if te;j;Jl;lhs;!!! fj;jp jtwp mtspd;iu tapj;jpy Fj;jpg;Nghl;LJ..!! vd;whu; mk;kh fz;iz frf;fpagb. “ vd;d ,Ue;jhYk; mts; ngl;il ghtk; !! vd rpj;jpAk; mOjhu;. vdf;F vJ rup vJgpio vd njupahj taJ. rptiy khkh ey;ytuh nfl;ltuh vd njupatpy;iy.. me;j fhyj;jpy; aho;g;gzj;jpy; khLfis nfhy;yf;$lhJ vd rl;lk; ,Ue;jjhfTk; mijkPwp ghyr;re;jpud; Ml;fs; fsthf khL mbj;jjdhy;jhd; (nfhd;wJ) rptiy khkhTf;Fk; mtUf;Fk; jfuhW cz;lhfp mJ ,g;Ngh fj;jpf;Fj;jpy; te;J epd;wJ vd NtW Ml;fs; Ngrpf;nfhz;ldu;. me;j ngz; M];gj;jpupapy; rPupa]hf ,Ug;gjhfTk; Foe;ij ,we;jJ tpl;ljhfTk; mj;Jld; rptiy khkhTf;F vjpuhf nfhiyNf]; Nghl;L Nghyp]; Njbf;nfhz;L ,Ue;jdu;. khkh tPl;Lf;F tuhky; vq;NfNah jiykiwthf ,Ue;jhu;. xUehs; rpj;jp vd;id gpd;Nduk; $l;bf;nfhz;L xU Njhl;lk; topahf nrd;whu;. mlu;e;j kuts;sp Njhl;lj;Jf;F eLtpy; khkh vz;iz G+rpa clk;Gld; [l;bAld; gLj;J ,Ue;jhu;. kuq;fspd; mirTrj;jk; Nfl;lJk;” gl;” vd vOj;J fj;jpia ifapy; vLj;jhu;. gpwF Rjhupj;Jf;nfhz;L ,UtUk; ufrpakhf vNjh Ngrpf;nfhz;ldu;. rpj;jp mOjgb tPLf;F te;jhu;. mjd; gpd;du; ,uz;L ehs; fopj;J rpj;jp vd;id 770 g];]py; Vw;wp aho;g;ghzk; lTDf;F $l;bg;Nghdhu;. mg;NghJjhd; ehd; Kjd;Kjyhf aho;g;ghzk; efiu ghu;f;fpNwd;. moF vd;why; mg;gb xU moF..,UGwKk; filfSk;> thfdq;fSk;> md;dhrp goq;fspd; thridAk; %f;if Jisj;jd. “ypq;fk; $y; ghupy;” ehq;fs; $y; bupq;f;]; Fbj;Njhk;. rPkhl;b nlf;];ily;];> kyhad; fNg> Rgh]; fNg Nghd;w filfspd; tpsk;gu Nghu;Lffis ehd; ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;Nl nrd;Nwd;. rpth[p> u[pdp> fky; Nghd;w el;rj;jpuq;fspd; “fl; mTl;Lfs;” mt;tsT jj;J&gkhf ,y;iy vd;whYk; [pfpdh Ntiyg;ghLfSld; glq;fspd; ngau;fs; re;jpf;F re;jp n[hypj;jd. mg;NghJ rpj;jpapd; taij xj;j xU Ms; Kul;L Njhw;wj;jpy; te;J mq;Nf rpj;jpAld; Ngrpdhu;. mtu;jhd; rpj;jpapd; fhjyd; vd;gJ mjw;F gpwF ehq;fs; tpd;ru; jpNal;lupy; “epidj;jhNy ,dpf;Fk;” glk; ghu;j;jNghJ mtu;fs; ele;Jnfhz;lij itj;J ehd; mwpe;Jnfhz;Nld;. mg;gb xU Kul;L Mrhkpia rpj;jp vg;gbj;jhd; tpUk;gpdhNuh vd;dNkh njupatpy;iy. vd;id ifapy; gpbj;jgb rpj;jpAk; mtUk; ele;J MupaFsk; re;jp jhz;b Ngha; FWf;F re;jpy; cs;s xU tPl;by; 35 taJ kjpf;ff;jf;f xU gpugy tf;fPYld; Ngrp rptiy khkhtpd; Nfi] elj;Jk;gb Nfl;Lf;nfhz;ldu;. ePz;l MNyhrid ele;j gpd;du;

KfL

xU tUl fhyj;Jf;Fs; A+Nuh 24 tpfpjk; tPo;e;Jtpl;lJ. ijkhjj;jpy; ,Ue;J kl;Lk; nlhyUf;nfjpuhf A+Nuhtpd; tPo;r;rp 12.3 tpfpjkhFk;.,e;jf; fzf;fpy; Nghdhy; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; Vw;Wkjp kPz;Lk; R+Lgpbj;JtpLk;. ehq;fs; tPL jpUk;gpNdhk;. fj;jpahy; Fj;jg;gl;l ngz;zpd; nrhe;jf;fhuu;fshy; ehq;fs; gopf;Fgop thq;fg;gl $Lk; vd;gjhy; mtjhdkhfNt rpj;jp ele;Jnfhz;lhu;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l ehspy; rptiy khkh kuts;sp Njhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNa te;J aho;g;ghd ePjthd; Kd;dhs; ruzile;jhu;. mtu; aho;g;ghzk; Nfhl;ilapy; rpiw itf;fg;gl;L rpyehl;fspy; tf;fPypd; thjhl;l jpwikahy; ntspNa te;jhu;. ,jw;fhf rptiy khkh thq;fpa fhzp nrhw;g tpiyf;F tpw;fg;gl;L ehq;fs; NtnwhU tPbw;F FbNghNdhk;. Foe;ij ,we;JtplhYk; kidtp fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lhu; MdhYk; ghyr;re;jpud; rptiy khkh kPJk; vq;fs; kPJk; vg;gTNk xU fws; (gifik) itj;J ,Ue;jhu;. mtu; mij ehsiltpy; kwe;JtpLthu; vd ehq;fs; ek;gpNdhk;. Nfhl;ilapy; Nghyp]; Nghl;l Nghby; khkh vOe;J elf;f gy ehs; MdJ. fhyk; ,g;gbNa cUz;L XbaJ. ehq;fs; vy;yhUk; XusT tsu;e;J ngupatu;fs; MNdhk;. me;j Kul;L Mrhkp rpj;jpia eatQ;rfkhf Vkhw;wp NtW fy;ahzk; nra;Jnfhz;lhu;. rpj;jp mehij Mdhu;. ,e;j fhyj;jpy; ,af;fk; Muk;gkhfp vy;yhUila jiy vOj;ijAk; khw;w Muk;gpj;jJ. “rz;bad; rpd;dj;jk;gp” vd;W miof;fg;gl;l rptiy khkh xd;Wk; nra;a Kbahjtu;

Mdhu;. fpl;lj;jl;l eLtPjpf;F te;Jtpl;l vq;fs; FLk;gk; mg;gbNa rpd;dhgpd;dkhf rpjwpaJ. mg;nghOJ ,e;jpad; Mkp aho;g;ghzk; te;J gy gpur;ridfis cz;lhfpaJ. vq;f fpuhkk; cau;ghJfhg;G tisaj;Jf;F te;J vy;yhUk; Ciu fhypnra;Jnfhz;L capiu ifapy; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L Xl;lk;gpbj;jdu;. XusT fhR cs;stu;fs; gj;jhapuk; &gh fhR fl;b miu fhw;rl;ilAld; n[u;kd; my;yJ gpuhd;]; Nghdhu;fs;. mtu;fspd; ghjpNgUf;F gbg;gwpNth my;yJ nghJ mwpT$l $l fpilahJ . xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;Jf;Fs; CNu fhypahdJ. ,uz;lhtJ rpj;jp kl;Lk; Xl topapy;yhky; XiyFbirapy; jdpahf jq;fpapUe;jhu;. md;wpuT MW jkpo; ,isQu;fs; ngl;Nuhy; Cw;wp ,e;jpad; Mkp vupj;Jtpl;L miuFiwahf Nghl;Ltpl;L NghFk;NghJ tpwF vLf;fte;j ,uz;lhtJ rpj;jp mij ghu;j;Jtplhu;. mij mtu; kWehs; Ml;fSf;F nrhy;tjw;F Kd;dNk ,e;jpad; Mkp CUf;Fs; te;J vq;fs; tPl;il R+o;e;Jnfhz;lJ. ehd;> rptiy khkhTk; kfd; ee;jd; kw;w igad;fs; vy;yhUf;Fk; ,g;NghJ tpguq;fis Gupe;Jnfhs;Sk; msTf;F taJf;F te;jpUe;Njhk;. vq;NfAk; Xl Kbahjjdhy; tPl;Lf;Fs;NsNa milgl;L NghNdhk;. mg;nghOJ tisFlhtpy; ,Ue;J mDg;gpa xU `pe;jp xU XbNah fhnrl; ,y; ,Ue;J `pe;jp ghly; nkJthf te;Jnfhz;bUe;jij ghu;j;j rpy Mkpf;fhud; tPl;Lf;Fs; tukhy; thrypNyNa epd;Wnfhz;L xU jiyg;ghif Mkp kl;Lk; rpj;jpia tPl;Lf;Fs; NghFk;gbAk; jhd; mtiu nrf; gz;zNtz;Lk; vdTk; `pe;jpapy; nrhd;dhd;. rpj;jp gae;jgb eLq;fpf;nfhz;L ,Ue;jhu;. ehq;fSk; gjl;lkhNdhk;. fhuzk; ,e;jpad; Mkp nrf; gz;zntd;W cs;Ns $l;l;g;Nghdhy; vd;d elf;Fk; vd;W vy;yhUf;Fk; njupAk;. rptiy khkh $l vq;NfNah NghapUe;jhu;. NtW topapy;yhky; rpj;jp Kopf;ifapy; Jg;ghf;fpia mtupd; jiyf;F Neuhf ePl;bdhd; me;j Mwb cau jiyg;ghif fl;ba Mrhkp. rpj;jp ntyntyj;J Ngha; nkJthf cs;NsNghdhu;. mtDk; gpd;dhNyNa Nghdhd;. kPjp Mkpf;fhuu; ntspapNyNa epd;Wnfhz;L Ntbf;if ghu;j;jdu;. xU epkplk; $l MfpapUf;ftpy;iy mjw;Fs; “jq;fr;rp!!!rj;jk;Nghl;L $g;gpL!!!ngupa Mgpru; tu;whU!!!” vd miuFiw jkpopy; Ntbf;if ghu;j;Jnfhz;L ,Ue;j xU ,e;jpad; Mkp Fuy; Nfl;lJ. ,Jjhd; rkak; vd ghu;j;j rpj;jpAk; “ INah INah “ vd gykhf mywpdhu;. ehq;fs; Fuy; te;j jpiria ghu;j;Njhk;. mtd; `pe;jpfhud; ,y;iy..Mdhy; nfhQ;rk; jkpo; njupe;j kiyahsp Nghy mjhd; jkpou;fis gpbf;fJtplhYk; jkpo; ngz; khdgq;f gl$lhJ vd epidj;jhNdh vd;dNkh fj;jptplhd;. mt;tsT jhd; ...Nfhgkhf FbirapDs; ,Ue;j te;j me;j jiyg;ghif Mkp> jdJ

Ngd;l; [pg;ig rupnra;jgb xU ifahy; Jg;ghf;fpia gpbj;jgb “ ngQ; R+j; ...” vd Nfhgkhf fj;jpagb me;j kiyahsp Mkpf;fuDf;F “nghNsu;” vd xU miw tpl;Ltpl;L `pe;jpapy; jhWkhwhf fj;jpdhd;...ehq;fs; gae;JNghdgb FbirapDs; ghu;j;Njhk;.” mq;fhb njU” glj;jpy; mQ;rypia jpUl;L Fw;wj;Jf;fhf filf;Fs; nrf; gz;zg;Nghd V. ntq;fNl\; vd;d nra;thNuh mNj mQ;rypia Nghy $dp FWfp rpj;jp ntspNa te;jhu;. ghu;f;f ghtkhf ,Ue;jJ. miw tpOe;j rj;jk; Nfl;lJk; xUq;fp topahf gl gl ntd ngupa fkhz;lu; jhb jiyg;ghifAld; cs;Ns te;jhu;. kiyahsp Mkpf;fhud; `pe;jpapy; ele;jij nrhd;dhd; fd;dj;ij jltpagb. ngupa fkhz;lUk; “ ,td; nrhy;tJ vy;yhk; cz;ikah “ vd;gJNghy `pe;jpapy; Nfl;lhu;. rpj;jp me;j kiyahspia gupjhgkhf; ghu;j;jhu;. mtd; fz;fshy; “ Xk; “ vd nrhy; vd;gJ Nghy irif fhl;l rpj;jpAk; “ cz;ik “ vd nrhd;dhu;. mt;tsTjhd; me;j epkplNk Fbirf;Fs; $l;bg;Nghd jiyg;ghif Mkpf;fhud; b];kp]; nra;ag;gl;lhd;. Nfhtkhf Kiwj;jgb ntspNawpdhd; mtd;. “ruf; ruf;” vd G+l;]; rj;jf;fSld; vy;yhUk; Ntfkhf ele;J Nghdhu;fs;..mtu;fspy; me;j kiyahs Mkpf;fhud; rpj;jpaplk; te;J “ ,dpNky; eP ,e;j tPl;by; ,Uf;fhNj!! mtd; vjhtJ xU fhuzk; nrhy;yp kWgb tUthd;!!! kWgb vd;dhy; cd;id fhg;gw;w KbahJ!!!” vd nrhy;yp tpl;L ntspNawpdhu;. ..mllh !! ,g;gb xU rpy Ml;fSk; ,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;fpwhu;fs; vd ehq;fs; epidj;Jf;nfhz;Nlhk;. kW ehs; vd;d nra;ayhk; vq;Nf Nghfyhk; vd ehq;fs; Nahrpj;Jf;nfhz;L ,Ue;jNghJ rptiy khkhTk; tPLf;F te;J ntWk; NkYld; vq;fisnay;yhk; $l;bNghf rhkhd;fis mLf;fpf;nfhz;L ,Ue;jhu;. mg;NghJ Ntyp “ruru” vd rj;jk; Nfl;f ehq;fs; vl;bg;ghu;j;Njhk;. nrhy;yp

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

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r.gpuGtpd;

etpNfhtpw;F <Nuh 89:90

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jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

21 mtrug;gLj;jp etpNfhitAk;> gw;Wr;rPl;Lfs; ,uz;bidAk; ngw;wtd; Ntfkhf Xl kPz;Lk; Gd;rpupg;Gld; me;j ntz;nghk;ik mtDf;F cjTtjw;fhf epiyaj;jpy; ve;jpu kakhf;fg;gl;l Eiothapiyj; jpwe;J tpl;lhs;. mjw;F mtd; ifia mirj;J ed;wp njuptpj;Jtpl;L rpl;lhfg; gwe;J tz;bapy; Vwpdhd;. ,UgJ epkplq;fs; fiue;Njhl mtd; khw;W kpd;njhlu; tz;b gup]; efiur; Rw;wp tyk;tUk; nkl;Nuhtpy; fhyjhkjkpd;wp Vwpr;nrd;wtDf;F kdg;gak; cWj;jpaJ. etpNfh uPrhu;r; nra;jpUe;jhYk; mJ gOjile;J tpl;ljdhy; NghFk; topapy;> me;j topj;jlj;jpYs;s xU nkl;Nuh epiyaj;jpy; etpNfh tpid khw;wpf;nfhz;L nrd;whd;. khw;wpa etpNfhtpid jd; tyJ ifapy; thq;fpatd; rw;Nw fz;fs; tpupag; ghu;j;jhd;. Gjpa etpNfhtpid RATP apdu; kf;fis ftu;tjw;fhfNth my;yJ NtW fhuzj;jpdhNyh mjd; tz;zq;fisAk; gf;fthl;by; ,Ue;j Gifg;gljpid ePsthl;bw;F khw;wpapUe;jdu;. Kd; gf;fk; ePsthf;fhf ,U ghjpahfg; gpupf;fgl;L tyJ gf;fk; NkNy kdpj euk;Gfs; Xba nrg;Gj;jfLk; rw;Wf; fPNo STIF vDk; rpd;dKk; fPNo mtdJ gioa Gifg;glKk; me;j ityw; epwj;jpy; mtd; fz;iz tUbd. $lNt ,lJ Gwk; gpupf;fg;gl;l ghjp Cjh epwk; vd;gjdhYk; fWg;G epwj;jpy; mtdJ ngaUk;> etpNfh ,yf;fKk; gjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jjpdhy; fLikahd me;j Cjh epwk; mtidr; Rz;bapOf;fNt ghl;b tilRLk; fij Nfl;L me;j epyNt ifapy; fplj;j kfpo;r;rpapy; Gjpa etpNfhtpid mjd; ghJfhg;Gf; fz;zhbf; ftUf;Fs; RWRWg;ghf cs; Eioj;J tpWtpWg;ghdhd; Ntiyj;jsj;jpw;Fr; nry;y!...

mq;Nfhyhtpd; filrp murpahd eprpq;fhtpd; tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; jpiug;glk; ntspahfpAs;sJ. Mg;gpupf;fhtpYk; ehfupfkile;j ehLfSk;> mq;Nf kd;duhl;rpfSk; ,Ue;Js;sd. INuhg;gpa fhydpahjpf;f Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf ngUk; Nghu;fs; ele;Js;sd. INuhg;gpauhy; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw ,Ul;lbg;G nra;ag;gl;l Mg;gpupf;f tuyhW> jw;NghJ nky;y nky;y ntsptUfpd;wJ. Gifj;jy; nghUl;fis tpw;Fk; gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fs; jkJ gykhd nghUshjhu ];jhdj;ij itj;J rpwpa> twpa ehLfspd; rl;lq;fis tpiyf;F thq;Ftijf; ftdpj;Jf; Nfhgkile;j ,uz;L cyfg; ngUk;Gs;spfs; me;j epWtdq;fSf;F vjpuhff; fsj;jpy; ,wq;Ffpwhu;fs;. jkJ gzj;jpypUe;J xU njhifia xJf;fp me;j ehLfs; Gifj;jy; nghUl;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; epWtdq;fSf;F vjpuhd tof;Ffspy; Njrpa ed;ikf;fhfg; Nghuhl cjtpnra;atpUf;fpwhu;fs;. xUtu; ikf;fy; GShk;ngu;f; kw;wtu; gpy; Nfl;];!

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Nghd;w Jiwfspy; Mu;tkhf cs;shu;fs

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jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

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nra;jpUf;fpNwd; Mdhy; fhyg;Nghf;fpyg;; Nghuhl;lk;. Nghu; vd;gtw;iw jtpu;j;J nghOJ Nghf;F rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fis gjpT nra;a Kaw;rpf;fpNwd; rkPgj;jpy; gjpTk; nra;jpUf;fpNwd; cjhuzkhf ehjhup >yPT yPT >ebfdhf NghfpNwd; > jpy;Y Ky;Y Nghd;wtw;iw Fwpg;gplyhk; KfL rQ;rpif ClhfFwpgpl;Lnrhy;y tpUk;Gk; tplak; ? njhlu;r;rpahf vdJ gilg;ig kl;Lk; ghu;f;fhky; rf ez;gu;fspd; gilg;Gf;fs; <oj;J gilg;gspfspd; gilg;Gf;fs; vd;gdtw;iwAk; ghu;j;J mtu;fisAk; Cf;fg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; me;jg; gilg;Gf;fspy;j; Njhd;Wk; rup gpiofis Rl;L fhl;l Ntz;Lk; mJkl;Lky;yhky; ntsptUk; vq;fspd; gilg;Gf;fis Kbe;jsT jpiu muq;fpDs; nrd;W ghu;f;fTk; mjdhy; tUk; tUkhdj;ij itj;J NkYk; gy gilg;Gf;fis vq;fshy; cUthf;f KbAk; Kbe;jsT njdpe;jpa rpdpkhTf;F nfhLf;Fk; Mjutpid vq;fSf;Fk; nfhLj;J Cf;f gLj;jTk; Nyz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd; vdJ gilg;Gf;fspy; tUk; tplaq;fis kpifg;gLj;jp cq;fs; kPJ jpzpg;gjhf epidf;f Ntz;lhk; mij xU rhjhuz tplakhf nghOJ Nghf;F jd;ikAld; ghu;f;fTk; NkYk; Muk;g fhyq;fspy; vq;fis gw;wpa Neu;fhzy;fs; nrt;tpfs; Nghd;wtw;iw ntspapl;L vq;fis Cf;f gLj;j epiwa gj;jpupiffs; rQ;rpiffs; ,Ue;jd Mdhy; ,g;NghJ mitapy;iy me;j ,lj;ij epUg;Gtju;f;F vkf;F fpilj;jpUf;Fk; tha;g;ghf KfL rQ;rpif mike;jpUf;fpwJ ,e;j Neu;fhzy; tha;ig toq;fpa KfL rQ;rpif epthfj;Jf;F ed;wpia. njuptpj;J nfhs;fpNwd;

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

kfspu; jpdk; 1789 Mk; Mz;L [_d; 14 Mk; jpfjp Rje;jpuj;Jtk;> rkj;Jtk;> gpuepjpepj;Jtk; vd;w Nfhupf;iffis Kd;itj;J gpnuQ;Rg; Gul;rpapd; NghJ ghup]py; cs;s ngz;fs; Nghu;f;nfhb cau;j;jpdu;. MZf;F epfuhf ngz;fs; ,e;jr; rKjhaj;jpy; cupikfs; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> Ntiyf;Nfw;w Cjpak;> vl;L kzpNeu Ntiy> ngz;fSf;F thf;Fupik> ngz;fs; ngz;zbikfshf elj;jg;gLtjpypUe;J tpLjiy Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ngz;fs; fpsu;r;rpfspy; <Lgl;ldu;. ifapy; fpilj;j MAjq;fis vLj;Jf;nfhz;L ghup]; efuj; njUf;fspy; mzp jpuz;ldu;. Gayhff; fpsk;gpa G+itaiu JUk;ghf vz;zpa me;ehl;L murd; ,bnad Koq;fp> ,tu;fis vd; mjpfhuk; nfhz;L mlf;FNtd; vd;Wk;> Mu;g;ghl;lj;jpy; <LgLNthiuf; ifJ nra;Ntd; vdTk; mwptpj;jhd;.Mapuf;fzf;fhd ngz;fs; $l;lk;. mtu;fSf;F Mjuthf Mz;fSk; Mapuf;fzf;fpy; fye;J nfhs;s cw;rhfk; fiuGus Nfh\q;fs; thidg; gpsf;f mur khspif Nehf;fp Cu;tyk; nfhl;Lk; kioapy; Cu;e;J nrd;wJ. mur khspif Kd;G Mu;g;ghl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;lmidtiuAk; ifJ nra;Nthk; vd;W kpul;ba murdpd; nka;f;fhg;ghsu; ,UtiuAk; jpBnud $l;lj;jpdu; gha;e;J jhf;fpf; nfhd;wdu;. ,ij vjpu;ghuhj murd; mjpu;e;J Nghdhd;. Nfhupf;iffis fz;bg;ghf guprPypg;Ngd;.

KfL

cq;fSf;Fr; rhjfkhf mwptpg;Ngd; vd;W Mu;g;ghl;lj;jpy; nfhjpj;njOe;jtu;fisr; rkhjhdg; gLj;jpdhd;. ,ayhJ NghfTk;> murd; Y}ap]; gpypg; KbJwe;jhd;. ,e;jr; nra;jp INuhg;gpa ehLfspy; Ntfkhfg; gutpl mq;Fk; ngz;fs; Nghuhl;lq;fspy; <Lgl;ldu;. njhlu;e;J fpuP]py; yprp];l;ulh jiyikapy; n[u;kdp> M];jpupah> nld;khu;f; ehLfisr; Nru;e;j ngz; gpujpepjpfs; fye;Jnfhz;L njhlu; Nghuhl;lq;fspy; <Lgl MSk; tu;f;fk; mire;J nfhLf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,j;jhypapYk; ngz;fs; ,Jjhd; rkak; vd;W jq;fsJ ePz;lehs; Nfhupf;ifahd thf;Fupikiaf; Nfl;L Mu;g;ghl;lq;fspy; ,wq;fpdu;. gpuhd;rpy;> GU];]padpy; ,uz;lhtJ Fbauir epWtpa Y}ap]; gpshq;f;> ngz;fis murit MNyhridf; FOf;fspy; ,lk;ngwr; nra;aTk; ngz;fSf;F thf;Fupik mspf;fTk; xg;Gjy; je;jhd;. me;j ehs; 1848 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; 8k; ehshFk;. me;j khu;r; 8 Mk; ehs; jhd; midj;Jyf ngz;fs; ehs; cynfq;Fk; mika xU tpj;jhf mike;jJ.

S TALI N d;W ,tu;fis fz;L mr;rg;glhj muRfNsh> jiytu;fNsh ,y;iy vdyhk;.

,RNuypa csT epWtdkhd nkhrhl; cyfpd; rf;jp tha;e;j csT mikg;Gfspy; xd;W. ,d;W cyfpy; ,tu;fs; CLUthj ehNl fpilahJ. csT Nrfupg;G> murpay; gLnfhiyfs;> Ml;rp ftpo;g;G> Ml;flj;jy;> rjp nray;fs;> Fz;Lntbg;Gfs;> gaq;futhjk; vd ,tu;fspd; iftupirfs; Vuhsk;. mnkupf;fhtpd; rp I V thy; rhjpf;f Kbahj gytw;iwAk; $l ,tu;fs; rhjpj;J fhl;bapUf;fpwhu;fs;.

DASS

mjpetPd jahupg;ghd F4 Phantom Nghu;tpkhdq;fisf; ifkhwhfg; ngw;wJ. ,jd; %yk; kj;jpa fpof;fpy; mJtiu fj;Jf;Fl;bahf ,Ue;j ,RNuypa tpkhd gilapd; gyk; gd; klq;F mjpfupj;jJ. rpy Neuq;fspy; xU gb NkNy Ngha; mnkupf;fhtpd; fOj;jpNyNa fj;jp itj;j jUzq;fSk; cz;L. ,jw;F xU cjhuzk;

1960fspy; mnkupf;fhTf;Fk; Vida Ner ehLfspd; tpkhdg;gilfSf;Fk; gPjpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ Nrhtpaj; jahupg;ghd Gjpatif MIG21 Nghu; tpkhdq;fs;. cyfk; KOtJk; ry;yil Nghl;L rypj;Jk; rp I V thy; xU tpkhdj;ijAk; neUq;f Kbatpy;iy fhuzk; Urpau;fs; me;j tpkhdj;ij mjPj ghJfhg;Gld; itj;jpUe;jdu;. mnkupf;fhtpd; vjpupfSf;F kl;LNk me;j Nghu; tpkhdfis tpw;wpUe;jJ Nrhtpaj; xd;wpak;. ahUk; rw;Wk; vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhf 1966k; Mz;L <uhf;fpd; xU tpkhdgil jsj;jpypUe;J xU kpf; 21 Nghu;tpkhdj;ij flj;jp te;J midtiuAk; thailj;J Nghfr; nra;jJ nkhrhl;.

1998 Mk; Mz;L mnkupf;f mjpgu; gpy; fpspz;lDf;Fk; nts;is khspifapy; gzpahw;wpa Nkhdpfh nytpd;];fp vd;w ,sk; ngz;Zf;Fk; njhiyNgrp top ele;j ciuahly;fis gjpT nra;J. mtu;fSf;F ,ilNa ,Ue;j cwit mk;gyg;gLj;jp Ml;r;rpf;ftpo;g;G tiu nfhz;L nrd;wdu;. 1998 ,y; fpspz;ld; vg;gbNah jhf;Fgpbj;Jtpl;lhu;. Mdhy; 2000 k; Mz;L ele;j Nju;jypy; fpspz;ldpd; kf;fshl;rp fl;rp Njhy;tp mila ,J Kf;fpa fhuzkhf fUjg;gl;lJ. fpspz;lNd ,ij xg;Gf;nfhs;sTk; nra;jhu;. "a terrible moral error> if people have unresolved anger> it makes them do non-rational> destructive things". vd;W ,JFwpj;J xU Ngl;bapy; mtu; njuptpj;jpUe;jhu;.

mj;NjhL kl;Lk; epWj;jpf;nfhs;shky; flj;jp te;j Nghu;tpkhdj;ij mnkupf;f muRf;F tpw;W mnkupf;fhtpd;

,d;Wk; kj;jpa fpof;fpy; mnkupf;fhtpd; csTj;jfty;fis ,tu;fs; jpULfpd;wdu; vd;Wk; muR

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

33 fzpdpfspy; er;Repuy;fisg; GFj;jp NtT ghu;f;fpd;wdu; vd;Wk; rp I V Fw;wk; rhl;LfpwJ. Mdhy; mnkupf;fhthy; ntspg;gilahf fz;bf;f KbahJ. ,g;gb ,d;W midtiuAk; mr;RWj;Jk; ,e;j mikg;G vjw;fhf vg;gb Muk;gkhdJ njupAkh ? 1938 Mk; Mz;L ,d czu;T nfhz;l rpy A+j ,isQu;fshy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ngaupy;yh ,af;fk;. md;W ,tu;fSf;F ,Ue;j xNu Nehf;fk; n[u;kdpapYk;> cyfpd; gpw ,lq;fspYk; gutpfple;j A+ju;fis nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf rl;ltpNuhjkhf ghyRjPd kz;zpy; FbNaw;WtJ. ghyRjPdj;ij Mz;L te;j Mq;fpNya murhq;fk; kpf Fiwe;j mstpyhd A+ju;fisNa ghyRjPd kz;zpy; rl;lg;G+u;tkhf FbNaw mDkjpj;jpUe;jJ. ,jw;Nf muG kf;fs; fLk; vjpu;g;G fhl;bdu;> td;Kiwfs; ele;jd. kWGwk; n[u;kdpapy; fpl;yu; A+ju;fSf;F fLk; mr;RWj;jyha; ,Ue;jhu;. cyfpd; gy gFjpfspYk; ,Nj epiy. fpilf;Fk; nrhw;g epjpapy;Nghyp Mtzq;fs; jahupj;J> khl;bf;nfhz;lhy; mjpfhupfis rup fl;b A+j kf;fis mtu;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ehl;bypUe;J rl;ltpNuhjkha;mioj;Jte;J Mq;fpNyau;fSf;Fk; mNugpau;fSf;Fk; njupahky; ghyRjPdj;jpy; Fb mku;j;JtJ jhd; ,tu;fspd; ,yf;F. gy ,d;dy;fSf;Fk; ,og;GfSf;Fk; ,ilNaAk; jq;fs; gzpia njhlu;e;jhu;fs; ,tu;fs;. 1939 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 29 k; Njjp ,e;j ,af;fj;Jf;F Mossad LeAliyah Bet (The organization for Illegal Immigration) vd;W ngaupl;L A+ju;fis rl;ltpNuhjkhf FbNaw;wk; nra;tij KOtPr;rpy; KLf;fp tpl;ldu;. ,RNuypa csT mikg;gpd; Njhw;Wtpg;ghsuhf fUjg;gLk; rhFy; mtp$u; ,e;j mikg;Gf;F jiyik Vw;whu;. Muk;gj;jpy; fpNuf;f jiyefu; Vjd;rpypUe;Jk; gpd;G gpuhd;rpd; ghup]; efupypUe;Jk; ,aq;f Muk;gpj;jdu;. tpiutpy; 50f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l flw; fyq;fis nrhe;jkhf ,af;f njhlq;fpdu;. gy E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd A+ju;fs; fly; gazq;fspy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldu;. Mdhy; rpy gj;jhapuk; A+ju;fs; ,tu;fshy; capu; jg;gp ghyRjPdj;jpy; FbNawpdu;. ,RNuy; vd;w jdp ehL cUthd gpd;du; HaMossad leModiʿin uleTafkidim Meyuḥadim (The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations) vd;W ngau; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;L csT NtiyfisAk; ghJfhg;G NtiyfisAk; ftdpf;f njhlq;fpaJ ,Nj mikg;G.

KfL

,RNuypd; ghJfhg;G gilfSf;Fk; murhq;fj;Jf;Fk; KJnfYk;gha; tpsq;Fk; nkhrhl;> njhlf;fk; Kjy; ,d;W tiu gy ehl;L murhq;fq;fspd; fz;fspy; kz;izj;J}tpNa A+ju;fis fhj;J tUfpwJ. ,d;iwa R+oypy; me;epa kz;zpy; Vjpypfsha; gupjtpf;Fk; jkpou;fspd; gpur;ridfisAk;> mtu;fspd; FbNaw;w rpf;fy;fisAk; ifahStjw;F kl;LkhtJ> KO mu;g;gzpg;Gld; ,aq;Fk; xU xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l mikg;ig kPs;fl;likg;gJ jkpopdj;jpd; flikahfpwJ. md;W midj;Jyf muq;fpy; A+ju;fspd; Fb mku;T gpur;ridfis ifahsTk;> ghyRjPd kz;zpy; A+ju;fis kPs; FbNaw;wk; nra;aTk; cUthd me;j ngaupy;yh mikg;ig ehk; Kd;khjpupaha; nfhs;syhk;. MNyhridapy;yhj ,lj;jpy; kf;fs; tpOe;JNghthu;fs;; mNef MNyhridf;fhuu; cz;lhdhy; Rfk; cz;lhFk;." - rhyNkhdpd; ePjpnkhopfs; 11:14 ( nkhrhl;bd; Fwpf;NfhSiw )

gonkhop. aCu;

cz;L gpr;irf;F> Fsk; cz;L jz;zPUf;F. aCu; thia %l ciyKb ,y;iy. aCop ngaupDk; Cf;fkJ iftply;. aCZF Kj;Jthd; Ntiyf;Fg; gpe;Jthd;.

Nfs;tpf;Fwpahf ,Uf;Fk; aho;g;ghz tho;tpay; m.kA+ud;. Clftpayhsu; yz;ld;.

aho;g;ghzk;> ,yq;ifj;jPtpd; jiy vdTk;> mjd; %is vdTk; nrhy;yg;gl;l xU fhyk; ,Ue;jJ. mJ cz;ikjhd;. Mdhy; ,d;W me;jj; jiyf;F Fwpitf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. aho;g;ghzj;jpd; tho;thjhuk; me;j tuz;l kz;zpd; epyj;Jf;fbapy; fplf;fpd;w epyf;fPo; ed;dPiu ikag;gLj;jpajhfNt nropj;J tsu;e;Njhq;fpapUe;jJ. jw;NghJ ghu;f;fpd;w aho;g;ghzj;jpd; gr;irg;gNrnyd;w nropg;gpw;F ,e;j epyf;fPo; ePu; ,d;wpaikahjJ. fle;j Kg;gJ tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf aho;g;ghzj;jpd; ed;dPu; tsj;ijg; ghJfhf;fTk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd gy;NtW nraw;jpl;lq;fs; Kd;nkhopag;gl;Lk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Lk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; Aj;j #o;epiy fhuzkhf mit vJTk; nray;tbtk; ngwhkNy Nghapw;W. Mdhy; ,d;W aho;f;Flhtpd; ed;dPupd; Njit mjpfupj;jpUf;fpd;w NghjpYk; ,Uf;fpd;w tsk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;jepiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;w tsj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjw;Nf ngUk; rthiy aho;f;Flh vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;f jw;NghJ jpl;lkpl;l uPjpapy; aho;f;Flhit ghiytdkhf khw;Wk; eatQ;rfr; rjpj;jpl;lq;fs; re;jbapd;wp Ntfkhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L tUtJ Jujp];lkhdJ. aho;f;Flhtpd; jiuj;Njhw;w mk;rq;fis

Nehf;Fifapy; Gj;jsk; - Ky;iyj;jPT Mfpatw;iwj; njhLf;fpd;w Neu;Nfhl;bw;F Nfhl;bw;F tlf;NfAk;> tlNkw;NfAk; Rz;zhk;Gf;fy; gbkq;fs; fye;j ghiw fhzg;gl ,jw;Fj; njw;Nf njhy;fhyg; ghiwfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. aho;f;Flhehl;bNy fhzg;gLk; ghiwg;gbkq;fis 1>gpisj;Njhrpd; fhy mbj;jsg; ghiwfs;> 2>kd;dhu; kzw;fw; ghiwfs; (Awhrpf; ghiwg;gbT)> 3>Rz;zhk;Gf;fw;ghiwffs;. vd %d;Wtifahfg; gpupf;fyhk; gpisj;Njhrpd; fhy mbj;jsg; ghiwfs; fpl;lj;jl;l 240 kPw;wu; Moj;jpYk; mjw;;F Nky; Awhrpf; ghiwg;gbTfSk; mjd;Nky; kNahrpd; fhy Rz;zf;fw;ghiwfSk; gutyhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kd;dhu; kzw;fw; ghiwfs; (Awhrpf; ghiwg;gbT)> fpl;lj;jl;l 130 kPw;wu; jbg;igf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,it kpfTk; fuL Kulhd tz;ly; kw;Wk; fspkz; gilaikg;igf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. (1964 ,y; kd;dhu; kw;Wk; gisapy; gupNrhjpf;fg;gl;lJ) mLj;Js;s kNahrpd; fhyr;Rz;zw; ghiwg;gilahdJ Rkhu; 90 kPw;wu; jbg;igAk; rhk;gy;> nts;is> gOg;G Mfpa epwq;fis ciladthfTk; cs;sd.

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

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epWtg;gl;lJ. 1990 Mz;L tTdpahtpy; cs;s kpd;rhuf; NfhGuk; jfu;;f;fg;gl;lijj; njhlu;e;J tlgFjpf;fhd kpd;rhutoq;fy; jilg;gl;lJ.mj;Jld;; aho;f;Flhehl;by; jq;fpapUe;j ,yq;if ,uhZtj;jpw;fhd kpd;rhuj;jpid fhq;Nfrd; JiwapypUe;J mdy;kpd;epiya%lhf toq;fpdu;. mjid $y;vahu; vd;w epWtdk; Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jJ. 1995 ,y; aho;f;FlhehL KOtijAk; ,yq;ifg;gilapdu; ifg;gw;wpajd; gpd;du; 1996 Mz;L njhlf;fk; Rz;zhfk; kpd;rhurig mUfpy; ,t; mdy;kpd;dpiyak; ,aq;fpaJ. mjidj;njhlu;e;J 2002 Mk; Mz;by; mf;upNfh (Agreko) vd;w epWtdj;jpw;F ,e; mdy;kpd;dpiyak; ifkhwpaJ. ,jdJ xg;ge;jKk; fhyhtjpahfpg; Nghf nehj;Njd; gtu; (Northen Power) vd;fpd;w epWtdk; 2008 ,y; aho;f;Flh ehl;bw;fhd kpd;rhu toq;fiy ngWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. ,Ue;jNghJk; 2013 Mk; Mz;bNyNa rl;lg;gb ,e;j nehj;Njd; gtu; epWtdj;jpw;fhd mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; toq;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. 1996Mk; Mz;bypUe;J Rz;zhfk; mdy;kpd;epiyaj;jpy; Heavy oil vz;nza;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ,ae;jpuq;fis ,af;fpdu;. mj;Jld; Muk;g fhyq;fspy; ,t;,ae;jpuq;fspypUe;J tUfpd;w vz;nza;f; fopTfis rPnke;Jj; njhl;bfspy; ,l;L kPs; ghtidf;fhf tpw;gidf;fhf tpw;gid nra;jdu;. Heavy oil vz;nza;fopT jbg;ghdJ. ,jdhy; ,tw;iwj; njhl;bapy; Njf;fpitj;J Rj;jpfupg;gnjd;gJ mjpf nrytPdj;ijj; Vw;gLj;Jnkd;gjhy; ve;jtpjkhd #ow;ghJfhg;Gkpd;wp mUfpy; cs;s fpzw;wpy; mf;fopTfis nfhl;bdu;. gpd;du; rpy Jisfis ,l;L mjw;Fs;Sk; ,f;fopTfis ,l;ldu;. ,jd; %yk; vz;nza;fopTfis mfw;Wjw;fhd nryTfisj; jtpu;j;J $ba ,yhgj;jpid <l;bapUe;jdu;. ,jpy; Kf;fpakhd tplak;

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jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguitapd; epfo;Tfs; 18-01-2015,y; eilnghw;w td;dp tuyhWk;-gz;ghLk; E}y; mwpKftpoh

21-03-2015,y; eilngw;w eQ;Rz;lfhL Fzh ftpaofDldhd fye;Jiuahly;

jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,isQu; Nguit

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