AWARE_G02_GK_MB_Book.pdf by Uolo

AWARE Navigate the Rapidly Changing World

General Knowledge Textbook

21st Century Skills

NEP 2020 Aligned

AWARE Navigate the Rapidly Changing World

To Pare nt s an d Te ac h e rs

In the dynamic and ever-changing world of the 21st century, knowledge is a beacon that guides us through the myriad challenges and opportunities that come our way. In this age of information, possessing a keen sense of general knowledge and awareness has become more critical than ever before. This awareness becomes a compass that helps us navigate through the complexities of our modern existence, allowing us to make informed decisions, think critically, and appreciate the world’s diversity. On that note, we are delighted to present to you this comprehensive and engaging General Knowledge and Current Affairs book, designed specifically for learners in grades 1 to 8. This book, which spans eight thoughtfully curated themes, will serve as your constant companion in your quest for knowledge and awareness. The world is evolving at an unprecedented pace, and it’s crucial that young minds are well-informed about the happenings around them. Topics in The Year Gone By theme offer insights into the significant events and milestones of the previous year. In Science and Technology, learners explore groundbreaking innovations and discoveries that are actively defining and shaping our future. In Earth and Environment, learners explore topics related to sustainability and environmental conservation. Recognizing the delicate balance in our planet’s ecosystem and the paramount importance of preserving it are vital 21st-century skills. In International Affairs, learners explore landmark global events of the past and the present, and developments across the world. The theme Incredible India will help learners to explore the rich tapestry of our nation’s history, culture and heritage. In Sports, Entertainment and Culture, we explore human creativity and athleticism that transcend borders. Life Skills and Financial Literacy provide learners with valuable practical skills essential for navigating through their life with confidence and competence. This book is crafted to offer informative and enjoyable learning experiences; incorporating clear explanations, captivating visuals and abundant questions for interactive classroom engagement. This book is supplemented by a free of cost digital interactive learning platform. QR codes in each topic facilitate compatibility with smart classrooms and enable at-home access. The digital resources include topic-specific videos and learning experiences on current affairs and developments around the world. Welcome to the world of General Knowledge and Current Affairs! We wish the best to all the teachers and learners!

K ey El ement s o f a To pi c — a Q u i c k G lanc e

Topic Number

QR Code

Theme Title

Computers

Uses of a Computer

Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about the types of computers and where they are used.

Practice Time ��

Parts of a Computer Monitor

Play games

Explore More QR Code

Science and Technology

Hi, I am a computer. I am a machine that is used to do many things. I make your work easy and fast. Let us learn about my different parts and uses.

CPU

Draw and colour

Tick ( ) the things you can do with a computer. a Play games

b Learn to swim

c Draw and colour

d Smell the food

e Watch a video

Hug our friends

2 Match the pictures with the parts of the computer they show.

Watch videos to learn new things

Talk to family and friends

Mouse

Keyboard

I used to be big before. Now, I come in smaller sizes that are easy to carry. Let us learn about some of my types. Desktop Computer

Laptop

Smartphone

Tablet

•

• CPU

•

• Mouse

•

• Monitor

•

• Keyboard

3 Complete the name of the type of computer.

It is a big computer. It has a monitor, a CPU, a keyboard and a mouse. It cannot be carried anywhere.

All its parts are together. It has a screen, keyboard and a touchpad to work on. A laptop can be folded and carried easily anywhere.

It is a smaller computer device. It is the size of a notebook. We can hold it easily in our hand. We need to touch its screen to work on it.

a A computer which can be folded.

It is also a type of computer. It is smaller than a tablet. It has all the features of a computer. It is easy to carry.

b A big computer with separate parts.

c A computer that is small enough to fit in our pockets.

d A computer the size of a notebook on which we touch the screen to work.

Topic 2 • Computers

Themes 11

The Year Gone Discoveries andByInventions

Explore More A discovery is finding something that already exists for the first time. An invention is creating something new with a new idea. Let’s read about some recent discoveries and inventions around the world. Scan this QR code to find out more about Khelo India Youth Games 2023 and watch its opening ceremony. Also, find out all events in Athletics.

Earth and Environment Exoplanets Webb Telescope Wonders of the James World 22 The Discovery7of New In 2015, The National In December 2021, Let’s Practice

to a large o 29 d tenth

und ts of do not fly d most ng high hey take wed-out eated by at can be

ry 2023.

found in f Southeast slowly, no noise. n the Hindu g the day ali. ht. They have an excellent ghtly walks.

e venom (a oldest r bite can kill. e title in

sana

Topic Title

Virikshasana

nly in(Tree thePose) Democratic ongo, a Day.

Aeronautics and Space Name the place where the given events took place in 2023. Administration (NASA)

NASA launched 1 the James Webb Explore Morethe New 7 Wonders On 7-07-2007, Foundation (an official partner of the UN now) declared the new 7 wonders of the confirmed the discovery of Telescope (JWST) ICC T20 Women’s Cricket World Cup: a world. These wonders are chosen by the votesplanet of more than 10 crore people across the world. a near-Earth-sized to conduct space Scan this QR code to explore more about the amazing animals of the named Kepler-22b that research. JWST Olympic World Games: b Special tropical rainforests. exists beyond our solar and Space Launch The Taj Mahal The Colosseum c Asian Athletics Championship: system and is therefore, System (SLS) Agra,scientists India Rome, of Italy an exoplanet. By August 2023, NASA have rocket NASA India Youth Games: d Khelo Let’s Practice declared the discovery over 5,500 were named TIME Inventions of theItYear It isexoplanets. made of white is the2022. largest marble and is located amphitheatre ever e inFIFA World Cup: number. theWomen’s box with the correct 1 Fill on the banks of the built. It could host f Hockey Men’s World Cup: sportriver is a widely popular in India. It is played by Sloths Hockey have about inches longmain claws. Yamuna. The about 80,000 people a two teams of 11 players each. The playershas use four J-shaped structure pillars at once. It was built by Scan g this QR code to learn more about Indian classical dance forms. The Australian Open Tournament: Anacondas grow as big as b sticks to hit acan ball intoTennis the opposite team’s goal. it. It metres (minars) around was the Romans to be an Agricultural Robots World’s Largest Waterlily builtof byup Emperor Shah entertainment venue c Orangutans have an armspan to metres. Robots for agriculture 2022, scientists the playercan or countries that In won these events.at the 2 Name Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. So, it is Skills and for hosting human fights and animal hunts. Life were first thought Royal Botanic Gardens, Okapi sleep for about minutes but many times in a day. d viewed a symbol of love. Women’s Cricket World Cup: Kingdom a ICC T20as of in the year 1920. United e Sloths can swim times than they move on land. Since then, many declared the faster discovery Wimbledon Championship: b Women’s Single TheinGreat Wall of Chinalargest Christ the Redeemer robots have been of following the world’sstates. the classical dance form of the 1 Name f Money The bills of toucans can be part in fulfilling our day-to-day times the size of their Explore More plays an important needs. So,heads. it is important to know howinvented to manage it. by various waterlily c FIFA Women’s World Cup: China species. It Rio de Janeiro, Brazil a Kerala bin Odisha companies to is named Victoria thisdo QRI live? code to learn more about yoga and its popularity India. Also, Where This about 21,196 km This 30 m tall statue 2 Scan d Men’s Hockey World Cup: perform nearly all Its huge, Earning Money explore the yoga poses that you canBoliviana. do easily and practice every day. long wall is the largest d Andhra Pradesh of Jesus Christ with c Assam Major Dhyan Chand Singh is known as the father of activities disc-shaped pads can are found in rainforests of a Arun‘s dad got hisinsalary today. He is happy and so is Arun. farming e Orangutans Men’s Single in Australian Open Tennis Tournament: human-made thing openOlympic arms stands Indian hockey. irrigation He was a and three-time gold on such as sowing, harvesting. grow up to 3 m in diameter. e bWest f Uttar Bengal Pradesh theArun: world.Dad, Itofspreads the top of Corcovado why is it that only you get a salary but I don’t? Slow lorises are mostly found in rainforests medallist. On 29 August every year, his birthday is a reason for this statement. Let’s 3 GivePractice from the(laughed eastern and explained): You need to earn it, Arun! We work Mountain. is viewed Dad to earn It the celebrated as the National Sports Day. Malaysian Hockey Team Indian Hockey Team c the Toucans areand mostly found rainforests of features name thein dance forms. seaside to we theget western a or symbol of run 2 Read money as salary. When you grow up, you can work, like as I do, you can with a sentences special disability compete with each in this event: a Athletes the following and write if it is for Yoga orother Meditation. 1 Read desert northern hope for yourinown business, like your mother. Doing these things will help you and earnpeace money. Sloths are mostly found in the rainforests of d dance isfirst traditionally byShi men evenordered for female roles. a This China. The emperor performed of China, Qin humanity after World Arun:Huang Oh, I see! All these are different ways to earn money. asanas. a It has different New Species World’s first Wireless Television India has 4Octopus National Hockey TeamsIt construction to protect people from War I. e its Okapi are only found in thehis rainforests of nomads. The Hockey Team andisMalayalam. b This dance includes songs sung in Sanskrit Dad: That right. Now, let us get ready. WeMen’s have toNational go to the market, remember lifemen’s is vast and time in 2023: Scientists are sports were in •Ocean this event for the team first built over 2,000included yearsthoughts. ago. In Men’s this, you monitor your b was •Water team Junior Nickname: Men in Blue every year, scientists innovating many features. Write the of the animals of the tropical rainforests. 3c Read This dance is performed bynames male • the Women’s team • monks. Junior women’s team Some International Achievements c It is quite time for the mind. are making discoveries advanced machines •the It istrees: the most successful team in the Olympics with spends most of the time clinging to a It is a slow-moving animal that Spending Money about On 28 June each year. In August of thisPicchu dance includes a it. headgear and mask. Picchu d The make-up Machu Machu Machu Picchu c Germany won and Belgium played in the finals in which Germany won the event: 8 gold, 1 silver and 3 bronze medals. After 6 gold It is the union of body and mind. d

Incredible India in India Hockey

Explore More

Manage Your Money

Let’s Practise ��

Science and Technology Explore More Scan this QR code to explore more discoveries and innovations.

International Affairs Let’s Practice 1 Is it a Discovery or an Invention?

Explore More

a A new species of catfish was found in January 2023. Scan this QR code to learn more about the selection campaign of A robotic Also, drone built tomore understand voice commands. theb7 wonders. explore about Chichen Itza.

c Thomas Edison built the very first bulb. Sports, Entertainment and Culture Let’s Practice July 2023, the most distant supermassive black hole was seen for the first time with JWST. d In CITIES new wonders located?that store heat energy. 1 Ine which Finland builtare thethese world’s first sand batteries

Explore More a Taj Mahal

b The Colosseum f Scientists first identified the coronavirus in 1965. Scan QRthe code to learn more about the hockey field and the c this Christ Redeemer In this 2011,game. Google created the first smart glasses. g of rules

2 In which COUNTRIES are these new wonders located?

Financial Literacy Picchu a Chichen Itza b Machu Let’s Practice 2 Write the names of these inventions/discoveries. h In 1900, Karl Landsteiner identified three groups of human blood. c Petra

in the boxes with the correct answer. 1 Fill a The world’s largest waterlily: Fill the blank with the correct name of the wonder of the world. More 3 Explore a The number of players in a hockey team:

b The first near-Earth-sized exoplanet: a 30-metre-tall statue. and ways to a Scan code of to Indian learnismore about importance The QR number hockey teams: b this c money. save The telescope launched by NASA in around December has four pillars it. 2021: b c The shape of a hockey stick is like this letter: c in the blanks. has a famous temple pyramid. 3 Fill d The only side of the hockey stick that should touch the ball: is the largest amphitheatre ever built. d Practice Let’s of robots in agriculture dates to the the knee: year . a The idea only shoot in which the ball can goback above e The e the longest of all the wonders the brackets and7fill in the blank. 1 Choose the correct wordisfrom of years which TIME the men’s national hockey team won consecutive . NASA’s JWST wasin named Inventions in the Year of f The number b f is made with white marble. Olympic wegold work,medals: we money as salary. (spend/earn) a When c World’s largest waterlily’s disc-shaped pad can grow up to metres. was a part of Maya City. g g The number of times Major Dhyan Chand won Olympic gold medals: money. (save/spend) b When we buy grocery, we h In , 2023 company launched the world’s first wireless television. was built over 2000 years ago. d h The number of Olympic gold medals won by the men’s national hockey team: c Keeping money aside for future needs is money. (saving/lending) was part scientists of an Arabdeclared kingdom. ei By , NASA the discovery of over exoplanets. YEAR can did Indian National Teamsinachieve this? 2 In what Children save money at home a . (gullak/bank account)

iii

C o nt e nt s

1 Plants and Trees �� 2 2 Computers �� 4 3 National Symbols �� 6 4 Water Sports �� 8 5 India in Space in 2023 �� 10 6 Emergencies and Safety �� 12 7 Unique Birds and Animals �� 14 8 Things That Changed the World �� 16 9 Indian Achievers �� 18 10 Indoor-Outdoor Games �� 20 11 India and Its Neighbours �� 22 12 Food and Hygiene �� 24 13 The Sea World �� 26 14 The Solar System �� 28 15 Traditional Indian Wear �� 30 16 Disney World �� 32 17 India at the Asian Games, 2023 �� 34 18 Stay Fit, Have Fun �� 36 iv

19 Save Planet Earth �� 38 20 Super Gadgets �� 40 21 The National Capital �� 42 22 Kite Festival �� 44 23 Important International Days �� 46 24 Taking Care of Plants and Animals �� 48 25 Extreme Weather �� 50 26 My Body Parts �� 52 27 National Days �� 54 28 World Tour �� 56 29 Indian Currency �� 58 Answers �� 60

Contents

Plants and Trees

There are different plants around us. Each one has some special features that make it different from others. Sunflower: It is a big flower plant. A young sunflower follows the sun from sunrise to sunset every day.

Lavender: It is a plant with purple flowers. It is used to make soaps, perfumes and creams because of its sweet smell.

Jasmine: It is a small white flower plant that blooms in groups. It is famous for its fragrance.

Flame of the Forest: The Palash tree is also called the Flame of the Forest, as its flower looks like fire.

Banyan Tree: It is a big tree which grows in a large area. It has hanging roots growing from the branches. It lives for hundreds of years.

Eucalyptus: It is a tree with white bark. Its oil is used to treat coughs and colds.

Coconut Tree: It is a tall tree that grows near the sea.

Pine Tree: It has needle-like leaves. It grows on mountains. It is used as a Christmas tree.

Earth and Environment

Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about some common trees and flowers in India.

Practice Time �� 1 Look at the picture and name the tree.

2 Circle the correct answer. a It has white bark.

Eucalyptus tree

Banyan tree

b It follows the sun.

Sunflower plant

Palash tree

c It has purple flowers.

Lavender plant

Jasmine plant

d It grows close to the sea.

Pine tree

Coconut tree

e It has needle-like leaves.

Banyan tree

Pine tree

3 Write the correct plant/tree name. a This is used as a Christmas tree. b The flowers of this tree look like fire. c Its oil is often used to treat coughs and colds. d It has small white flowers that bloom in groups. e This tree has hanging roots growing from the branches.

Topic 1 • Plants and Trees

Computers

Hi, I am a computer. I am a machine that is used to do many things. I make your work easy and fast. Let us learn about my different parts and uses.

Uses of a Computer

Play games

Draw and colour

Watch videos to learn new things

Talk to family and friends

Parts of a Computer Monitor

CPU

Keyboard

Mouse

I used to be big before. Now, I come in smaller sizes that are easy to carry. Let us learn about some of my types. Desktop Computer

Laptop

Tablet

Smartphone

It is a big computer. It has a monitor, a CPU, a keyboard and a mouse. It cannot be carried anywhere.

All its parts are together. It has a screen, keyboard and a touchpad to work on. A laptop can be folded and carried easily anywhere.

It is a smaller computer device. It is the size of a notebook. We can hold it easily in our hand. We need to touch its screen to work on it.

It is also a type of computer. It is smaller than a tablet. It has all the features of a computer. It is easy to carry.

Science and Technology

Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about the types of computers and where they are used.

Practice Time �� 1 Tick ( ) the things you can do with a computer. a Play games

b Learn to swim

c Draw and colour

d Smell the food

e Watch a video

Hug our friends

2 Match the pictures with the parts of the computer they show. a

•

• CPU

•

• Mouse

•

• Monitor

•

• Keyboard

3 Complete the name of the type of computer. a A computer which can be folded. b A big computer with separate parts.

c A computer that is small enough to fit in our pockets.

d A computer the size of a notebook on which we touch the screen to work.

Topic 2 • Computers

National Symbols

Each country has some symbols to represent them. These are called national symbols. Let us learn about the national symbols of our country, India! The National Flag of India is a tricolour flag. It has three colours: saffron, white and green. It has a blue colour wheel (Ashoka Chakra) in the middle. Our flag is also called Tiranga.

The State Emblem of India is inspired by the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath. It shows four lions standing back to back. It is a symbol of power, courage, confidence and pride.

The National Bird of India is the blue, or Indian peacock. It is a bird with long, colourful feathers.

The National Flower of India is the lotus. It is a pink-coloured flower that grows in water.

The National Animal of India is the Royal Bengal Tiger. It has yellow fur with black stripes.

The National Anthem of India is Jana-gana-mana. It is a song sung in honour of and pride in our country. It was written by Rabindranath Tagore. The National Song of India is Vande Mataram. It was written to encourage the freedom fighters of India. It was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.

Incredible India Explore More Scan this QR code to hear the national anthem and the national song of India.

Practice Time �� 1 Tick () the correct national symbol. a National bird of India

Peacock

Pigeon

b National flower of India

Rose

Lotus

c National animal of India

Tiger

Lion

d National anthem of India

Vande Mataram

Jana-gana-mana

e National song of India

Ashoka Chakra

Vande Mataram

2 Fill in the blanks. a The national flag of India is also called

b Rabindranath Tagore was the writer of the national

c Bankimchandra Chatterji was the writer of the national

d The lion at the top of

inspires the State Emblem of India.

3 Join the numbers to complete this national symbol. Then, write its name and colour it. It is the national

Topic 3 • National Symbols

of India.

Water Sports

Water sports are fun activities. We can enjoy them in swimming pools and water bodies like lakes, rivers or seas. They should be done when an adult is around. Let us learn about some water sports.

Swimming is a way to move in water by moving the legs and arms. The water should be clean to swim in. We may need a swimsuit, goggles and a cap to swim in some pools.

Surfing is a fun activity that involves riding on top of a sea wave by standing on a surfboard.

Rafting is moving down in the shallow water on a raft boat. It is usually done in a river.

Kayaking involves moving a narrow boat called a kayak. It is done with a double-bladed paddle.

Scuba diving involves diving underwater with an oxygen tank and a mask to breathe. It is done under the sea.

Snorkelling involves swimming and exploring the underwater world. It is done by wearing a tube called a snorkel, which helps the person to breathe.

Sports, Entertainment and Culture Explore More Scan this QR code to explore more water sports and learn some ways to swim.

Practice Time �� 1 Match the water sports with their names.

•

• Surfing

•

• Windsurfing

•

• Jet Skiing

2 Read the text. Write the names of the correct water sports. a We use a narrow boat called a kayak. b We ride on top of the waves of the sea. c We cut through pool water with our bodies. d We move a raft in shallow river water using oars. e We dive underwater with an oxygen tank to breathe. f

We explore the underwater world by wearing a tube to breathe.

3 Colour this water sport and name it. The boy is

Topic 4 • Water Sports

in a pool.

India in Space in 2023

In 2023, India landed on the Moon! Let us learn more about it. All space-related work in India is done by the Indian Space Research Organisation. It is also called ISRO.

The scientists at ISRO wanted to explore the Moon. They worked hard for many years.

They had sent two rockets to the Moon before this. But they were unable to land on the Moon.

On 14 July 2023, India launched the third rocket. It was called Chandrayaan-3. Finally, on 23 August 2023, it landed on the Moon!

The Chandrayaan-3 carries two main things in it—Vikram and Pragyan.

Vikram is that part that landed on the Moon. Pragyan is the vehicle that will move around the Moon.

The Year Gone By Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about Chandrayaan-3.

Practice Time �� 1 Match Column A with Column B. Column A

Column B

a ISRO

b Chandrayaan-3

ii Indian Space Research Organisation

c Vikram

iii It will move around the Moon

d Pragyan

iv The rocket sent to the Moon

The part that landed on the Moon

2 Colour this rocket.

Topic 5 • India in Space in 2023

Emergencies and Safety

In our daily lives, any emergency or small accident can happen. We can keep a few things in mind to stay safe inside and outside our home.

Do not play with fire.

Do not play with sharp objects like scissors and knives.

Do not play with electric plugs and switch boards.

Do not touch hot vessels and be careful near a gas stove.

Be careful while crossing a road. Follow these rules: • Use a zebra crossing.

Do not play in the middle of the road.

• Look left and right then cross the road when there are no vehicles.

• Follow the traffic light signal. Cross the road when it is red.

What can we do in case of an emergency?

Firstly, remember to stay calm. Call an adult as soon as you can. Make sure you have your parent’s number and home address with you. We also need to remember some emergency numbers. • Dial 100 to call the police, in case of a threat.

• Dial 101 to call the fire station, in case there is a fire.

• Dial 102 to call an ambulance, in case someone is severely sick. It is also used in the case of a road accident. • 112 is a universal emergency number that can be used to reach the police, ambulance or fire department. 12

Life Skills

Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about how to stay safe.

Practice Time �� 1 Look at the pictures. Put a cross (x) below the actions that are NOT safe. a

2 Match the emergency number to what they are used for. a 112

•

• To call the police

b 102

•

• To call an ambulance

c 100

•

• To call the firestation

d 101

•

• To connect to emergency services

3 Fill in the blanks using words from the box. adult zebra crossing hot vessels left a Be careful near

b Cross the road only at a

c Look d Call an Topic 6 • Emergencies and Safety

and then right before crossing the road. for help in case of an emergency. 13

Unique Birds and Animals

All animals are different from each other. Some animals have abilities that make them stand out from the rest. Let us learn about them. The cheetah is the fastest animal. This ability of the cheetah helps it while hunting. The giraffe is the tallest animal.

The African elephant is the largest animal that lives on the land.

The ostrich is the largest bird. It cannot fly but can run very fast.

Garden snails and giant tortoises are some of the slowest animals on the land. The hummingbird is the smallest bird. It is the only bird that can fly backwards. The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal on earth.

Manatee and starfish are slow-moving water animals.

Earth and Environment Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about cheetahs and giraffes.

Practice Time �� 1 Match the animals with their unique features. a Giraffe

•

Largest land animal

b Cheetah

•

Smallest bird

c Hummingbird

•

Fastest animal

d Ostrich

•

Tallest animal

e African Elephant

•

Largest bird

2 Fill in the blanks. a The

is the only bird that can fly backwards.

b One of the slowest animals on land is

c The cheetah’s ability to run helps it during

is a heavy bird that cannot fly.

e The

is the largest animal on Earth.

3 Join the dots and colour the animal.

Topic 7 • Unique Birds and Animals

Things That Changed the World

Humans have found and created many important things that have changed the way we live. Let us learn about some of them.

Wheels

Wheels are used in nearly all means of transport, like bicycles, cars, trains, buses and scooters. Before wheels, people used to walk from one place to another, or ride on animals. The first wheel that was invented was a potter’s wheel.

Paper

We use paper to draw and write on. It is used to print books and newspapers. Paper was first invented in China by Ts’ai Lun. It slowly became famous across the world.

Electricity

Electricity is needed to light up our houses, charge our phones and computers, and use appliances like fans, TV and irons for ironing clothes. Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity through an experiment while flying a kite during a storm.

Vaccines

Vaccine prevents a person from getting a disease. Dr Edward Jenner created the first successful vaccine to cure smallpox. He is called the father of vaccines. Nowadays, several vaccines are available for diseases like, Covid-19, rabies, polio, etc.

X-ray Machine

X-ray machine is used to take images of our bones and joints. It gives out a special light that passes through our skin and shows the bones. It helps to find a broken bone. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen invented it in 1895.

Internet

The internet has changed the way people connect with each other. It helps us to search for information, share pictures with friends, make video calls, attend online school and much more. 16

Science and Technology Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about the invention of paper and the discovery of electricity.

Practice Time �� 1 Circle the invention/discovery with which we use the following. a Washing Machine

Paper

Electricity

b Textbooks

Wheel

Paper

c Metro trains

Paper

Wheels

d Video Calls

Wheel

Internet

2 Name the person who discovered/invented the following. a First paper: b First vaccine: c Electricity: d X-ray machine: 3 Read the text. Fill in the answers. a Name of the first wheel: b One thing for which paper is used: c A body part we can see with an X-ray: d An activity we can do using the internet: e Country in which paper was first made: f

One device for which electricity is needed:

g Any one disease for which a vaccine is available: h The year in which the X-ray machine was invented: i

Disease for which the first vaccine was created:

Topic 8 • Things That Changed the World

Indian Achievers

India has many people who have done amazing things. Here are some of the recent achievers of India. R. Praggnanandhaa is a chess player. He became the youngest international chess master at the age of 10. At the age of 18, he became the world’s youngest player to reach the Chess World Cup final in 2023.

Mirabai Chanu was the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in the 2020 Olympics. She won this for weightlifting in the 49-kilogram category. This event was held in Tokyo.

Geetanjali Shree is an Indian author who won the International Booker Prize in 2022. She won this for her novel, Tomb of Sand.

Neeraj Chopra was the first Indian to win a gold medal at the Olympics in 2021. He won it in javelin throw.

A.R. Rahman is the only Indian musician to have won 2 Oscars and 2 Grammy awards. He won the Oscar for his contribution in music.

Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president of India. She is the second female president of India. She is the first tribal woman to hold this position.

Incredible India Explore More Scan this QR code to explore more about the award-winning Indians.

Practice Time �� 1 Match the person with their achievements. a Droupadi Murmu

•

Olympic gold medallist.

b Neeraj Chopra

•

won the International Booker Prize.

c A.R. Rahman

•

is the youngest international chess master.

d R. Praggnanandhaa •

•

second female president of India.

e Geetanjali Shree

•

winner of 2 Oscars.

•

2 Who am I? a I won 2 Grammies and Oscars for my music.

b I won an award for my book Tomb of Sand, in 2022.

c I was the youngest player in the 2023 Chess World Cup finals.

d I won a gold medal in javelin throw at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

e I was the first woman to win a silver medal at the 2020 Olympics in the women’s 49-kilogram category in weightlifting.

Topic 9 • Indian Achievers

Indoor-Outdoor Games

We play games to have fun. We play some games alone and some as a team. Some games are played inside the house, while some are played outside. Let us learn about them. Indoor games are games that are played inside a house. Here are some examples: Ludo is played by 2 to 4 people on a ludo board. A dice and ludo pieces are needed to play it.

Snakes and Ladders is played by 2 or more players on a snakes-and-ladders board.

Chess is played by 2 people using a chess board and chess pieces.

Carrom is played by 2 or more players using a carrom board, small round discs called carrom men and a striker.

Outdoor games are games that are played outside in an open space. Here are some examples: Badminton is mostly played by 2 players using a shuttlecock and a racket.

Football is a team game where players kick the ball to score the goal.

Volleyball is a team game played with a ball. A net is put in between the two teams.

Cricket is a game played between 2 teams by hitting a ball with a bat.

Sports, Entertainment and Culture Explore More Scan this QR code to learn about more indoor and outdoor games.

Practice Time �� 1 Write ‘I’ for indoor games and ‘O’ for outdoor games. a Ludo:

b Football:

c Cricket:

d Carrom:

e Volleyball:

Chess:

2 Match the things with the indoor/outdoor games they belong to. a Bat and ball

•

Carrom

b Shuttlecock

•

Cricket

c Dice and board

•

Ludo

d Striker

•

Badminton

3 Fill in the blanks with the correct game name. a It is played with a bat and ball. b It is a board game with snakes. c It is played by throwing a ball over the net. d It is a black and white board game played by only 2 people. 4 Join the dots and colour the picture. Then, complete the sentences. It is a

. It is used to play , which is an outdoor game.

Topic 10 • Indoor-Outdoor Games

India and Its Neighbours

The house next to ours belongs to our neighbour. Similarly, the countries right next to India are our neighbouring countries. Let us learn about these ‘neighbours’ of ours. This country is called Afghanistan. We buy things like almonds and raisins from Afghanistan.

This country is called Nepal. It is home to the highest mountain in the world, Mt Everest.

This country is called Pakistan. We share a few rivers with this country. This country is called Bhutan. It is one of the cleanest countries in the world.

This country is called Sri Lanka. It is also called the Teardrop of India.

This country is called Bangladesh. It is India’s newest neighbour.

International Affairs Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about the neighbouring countries of India.

Practice Time �� 1 Name the neighbouring countries of India.

2 Fill in the correct answer. a This neighbouring country is also called The Teardrop of India. b This neighbouring country has Mount Everest. c India’s newest neighbouring country. d We buy things like almonds and raisins from this country. e This neighbouring country’s capital city is Thimpu. f

We share a few rivers with this country.

3 Name these neighbouring countries of India. a The Teardrop of India b The Land of Bengal c The Land of the Thunder Dragon

Topic 11 • India and Its Neighbours

Food and Hygiene

Food is important for us. We need to follow some steps to make sure our food is clean. Let us learn about them.

Wash the fruit and vegetables with water before using them.

Always wash your hands before and after touching food. Drink only clean and covered water. Do not drink water directly from the tap. It can be unsafe.

Always keep cut and cooked food covered.

Eat food with clean utensils. Wash them properly with soap and water after use. Store raw vegetables and fruit in the refrigerator. We can keep some leftover food in the fridge to avoid it from being contaminated.

Store dry food properly in sealed jars. They may get spoiled easily if left in the open. We keep and prepare our food mostly in the kitchen. We should also make sure that it is clean to prepare food. Always throw the kitchen waste, like fruit and vegetable peels, in a closed dustbin. Germs from open waste can spoil food.

Life Skills

Explore More Scan this QR code to explore more about food and kitchen hygiene.

Practice Time �� 1 Tick () the correct answers. a Leaving cooked food uncovered. b Eating a washed apple. c Drinking water from the filter. d Cutting vegetables without washing them. e Eating healthy foods can make our bodies strong. f Washing hands with soap before eating a meal. g Eating grapes that were just brought into the house. h Keeping kitchen waste in the kitchen for many days. i

Cleaning the slab of the kitchen after making a meal.

2 Fill in the blanks with correct food safety. a We should store dry food in a

container.

b We should throw kitchen waste in a covered c We should wash used utensils with d We should keep raw vegetables in the

. and water. to keep them fresh for long.

3 Circle the picture that shows food that is safe to eat. a

Write a reason in 1 to 2 sentences.

Topic 12 • Food and Hygiene

The Sea World

The sea covers a large part of the Earth. It is home to many plants and animals. Let us learn about some unusual sea animals. Flying fish have a special ability. They can glide above the water! They do this mainly to save their lives from other fish.

A seahorse is not a horse. It is a fish! It is called so because it looks like a horse.

Pufferfish are strange fish! Normally, they look like any other fish. But when they are scared, they become like a large, spiky balloon!

Jellyfish look like an umbrella with threads coming out of them. Some of them give out light.

Frogfish are can match the colour of their body with their surroundings. Their shape makes them look as if they have legs like a frog.

Spider crabs are big with 10 long legs. They look like spiders. They mostly stay in groups. Sometimes they pile over each other to make a crab tower. Parrotfish are colourful fish. Their front teeth are joined together, making them look like a parrot’s beak.

Red-lipped batfish live close to the sea floor. They have big eyes and thick red lips. Their fins are leglike, and it helps them ‘walk’ on the sea floor.

Earth and Environment Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about pufferfish and seahorses.

Practice Time �� 1 Look at the picture and name the sea animal. a

2 Fill in the blank with the correct sea animal name. a I look like an umbrella and give out light. b My front teeth look like a beak. c I look like a spider and have 10 long legs. d My lips are bright red. e I can glide above the water for some time. 3 Colour and name this sea animal. It is a

Topic 13 • The Sea World

The Solar System

The Sun is a big star. Eight planets, including the Earth, along with their moons, go around the Sun. Together, they make up our solar system. Let us learn more about the planets.

Mercury is the smallest planet. It is closest to the Sun.

Venus is the hottest and brightest planet.

Earth is the only planet with life on it. It is called the blue planet.

Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system.

Saturn is a planet with wide rings. It has the highest number of moons.

Uranus and Neptune are far from the sun. They are made mostly of ice and gas, thus they are often called ice giants.

Mars is called the red planet.

Science and Technology Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about the planets of our solar system.

Practice Time �� 1 Match the columns. a Mars

•

Brightest planet

b Earth

•

Red Planet

c Mercury

•

Blue planet

d Venus

•

Largest planet

e Jupiter

•

Smallest planet

2 Which planet am I? a I am the planet made up of gas and ice. b I am the closest planet to the Sun. c I am the only planet that has life on it. d I am the planet with the most moons. e I am the hottest planet in the solar system. 3 Fill in the blanks. a There are

planets in our solar system.

b The

is the star in the centre of the solar system.

is the closest planet to the Sun.

is the farthest planet from the Sun.

e All the planets in our solar system go around the f

Topic 14 • The Solar System

and

. are ice giants of the solar system.

Traditional Indian Wear

People from different states of India have different traditional clothes. They are usually worn during festivals. Let us learn about some of them.

Punjab

• The men wear Kurta and Pyjamas. • The women wear Salwar Kameez.

Gujarat

• The men wear Dhoti with Kurta or Kediyu. • The women wear Chaniya Choli.

Maharashtra

• Men wear Dhoti and Kurta. Sometimes, they wear a jacket called Bandi. They also wear a turban called Pheta. • Women wear a long saree known as Nauvari.

• Men wear Dhoti and Kurta.

Assam

• Women wear Mekhela Sador.

Tamil Nadu

• Men wear lungis called mundu and shirts called angavastram. • Women wear sarees.

West Bengal

• Men wear a kurta called panjabi with dhoti.

• Women wear white sarees. They have a different way of draping them around their shoulders. 30

Incredible India Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about different traditional wear in India.

Practice Time �� 1 Sort the traditional dress worn by men and women. Saree

Dhoti and Kediyu

Lungi

Nauvari

Chaniya Choli

Panjabi

Men

Mekhela Sador

Women

2 Match the traditional dress with the state they are worn in. a Nauvari

•

Punjab

b Mundu and angavastram

•

Gujarat

c Chaniya Choli

•

Maharashtra

d Panjabi

•

Tamil Nadu

e Salwar kameez

•

West Bengal

3 Fill in the blanks. a In Maharashtra, the turban that men wear is called

b Mekhela Sador is a traditional dress from

is a shirt worn by men in Tamil Nadu.

d The traditional saree worn in Maharashtra is called

Topic 15 • Traditional Indian Wear

Disney World

The world of Disney was created by Walt Disney. It has given us many lovable cartoon characters. Let us learn about some of them.

Mickey Mouse is a clever and friendly mouse. He is good at solving problems. He first appeared in the short, black & white film Steamboat Willie in 1928.

Minnie Mouse is another mouse from Disney. She has a friendly and helpful nature. She is often seen as Mickey’s friend. She was also first seen in Steamboat Willie in 1928.

Goofy was first seen in the short film Mickey’s Revue in 1932. He can lift very heavy things, fly in the air and run super fast.

Donald Duck was first seen in a short film The Wise Little Hen in 1934. He is good at making people laugh.

Cinderella first appears in the film Cinderella. She is based on the famous story character of the same name. She has a fairy godmother who turns her into a princess for one night.

Aladdin first appeared in the film Aladdin in 1992. He has a genie who makes his wishes come true. He also has a magical carpet that can fly.

Elsa first appeared in the film Frozen in 2013. She has the power to turn anything that she touches into ice. She lives in the kingdom of Arendelle with her sister Anna.

Sports, Entertainment and Culture Explore More Scan this QR code to explore more Disney characters.

Practice Time �� 1 Match the Disney characters with year when they first appeared. a Mickey Mouse

•

1992

b Elsa

•

1934

c Aladdin

•

1928

d Goofy

•

1932

e Donal Duck

•

2013

2 Which Disney character am I? a I have a magical flying carpet. b I live in Arendelle with my sister, Elsa. c I first appeared in the film Mickey’s Revue. d I can turn anything into ice with my touch. e I first appeared in the film The Wise Little Hen. f

I have a fairy godmother who turned me into a princess for one night.

g I first appeared in the film Steamboat Willie, along with Micky. 3 Colour the Disney character and name it. Hi, I am

Topic 16 • Disney World

India at the Asian Games, 2023

The Asian Games are held every 4 years. It is also called the Asiad. It was held in China in 2023. Let us learn about how India did in the Asian Games.

India won a total of 107 medals! This made India the fourth country to get more than 100 medals!

India also won its first gold medal in Badminton at the Asian Games.

The Men’s Field Hockey team also won gold. This also made them be selected for the Summer Olympic Games of 2024!

India won 28 gold medals. Here are some of the sports in which India won gold: Shooting, Archery and Kabaddi.

India also won 38 silver medals. Here are some of the sports in which India won silver: Athletics, Wrestling and Chess.

India won 41 bronze medals. Here are some of the sports in which India won bronze:

Boxing, Horse riding and Squash. 34

The Year Gone By Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about the many gold medals that India won in the Asian Games, 2023.

Practice Time �� 1 Fill in the blanks. a

The Asian Games are also known as the

The Asian Games are held every

India won its first gold medal in

d The Men’s Field Hockey team was selected for the e

The total number of medals won by India is

. years. . . .

2 Name the following. a

Three sports in which India won gold:

Three sports in which India won silver:

Three sports in which India won bronze:

Topic 17 • India at the Asian Games, 2023

Stay Fit, Have Fun

It is important to stay fit. It keeps us healthy. Let us learn a few ways to stay healthy, relaxed and fit.

Arjun meditates every morning. He sits cross-legged and breathes slowly. It makes him feel calm.

Ayesha loves to dance. Moving to the beat of music is fun. It helps her stay fit and full of energy.

Bhanu does yoga every morning. It helps him stretch his muscles. Stretching keeps him fit and makes his muscles flexible.

Mohan loves music. He plays the violin. It helps him focus. Listening to music is also relaxing for him.

Mili cycles every evening. Cycling helps her be fit and active!

Preeti loves to sing. She is learning to sing different songs. It needs a lot of focus. Singing makes her happy and relaxed.

There are many other activities such as swimming, running, or simply playing outdoors that can help us stay active and fit. What do you enjoy doing? 36

Life Skills

Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about different activities that keep us fit.

Practice Time �� 1 Look at the pictures. Write the name of the activity. a

2 Circle the activities that involve music. cycling dancing swimming jogging singing running playing a guitar yoga 3 Underline the activities that involve moving from one place to another. cycling reading swimming writing singing running playing a violin meditating 4 Cross () the odd one out from the list of activities. a Sleeping Running

Cycling

b Singing Dancing

Sitting

c Running Cycling Playing video games d Doing yoga Dancing Meditating e Singing

Topic 18 • Stay Fit, Have Fun

Playing football

Playing cricket

Save Planet Earth

Hi, I am Earth. You all live on me. I give you water, air, trees and many other things to keep you alive and healthy. I am getting sick! People throw garbage on me and make me dirty. The smoke from vehicles makes the air dirty. People cut down the trees and destroy the land. You can do many things to protect me and keep me clean. Plant more trees! Trees make the Earth green and clean the air.

Always throw garbage and waste in a dustbin.

Save water; stop wasting it! Close the taps when not in use.

Try to reuse or repair things rather than throwing them away. It helps to reduce waste.

Reduce plastic waste. Carry your own water bottle and bag when you go out.

Save electricity. Switch off the lights and fans when not in use.

 Separate wet waste like fruit and vegetable peels from dry waste like plastic, paper and glass bottles. 38



Walk or use a bicycle to go to places nearby. Avoid using cars or bikes.

Earth and Environment Explore More Scan this QR code to learn about more ways to save the Earth.

Practice Time �� 1 Cross () the things that can make the Earth sad. a

2 Tick () the things that make the Earth happy. a Smoke from cars

b Planting more trees

c Cutting down trees

d A leaking tap

e Using less water

Throwing waste in the dustbin

g Separating dry waste from wet waste 3 Underline the correct action in each situation. a You are going out of your home. You should:

switch ON fans.

switch OFF fans.

b You are going shopping. You should:

buy plastic bags.

take your own bag.

c You are brushing your teeth. You should should: keep the tap open.

close the tap.

d You have a bag with a broken zip. You should:

throw the bag away.

repair the zip.

e You are going to a nearby shop. You should use a: bicycle. Topic 19 • Save Planet Earth

car. 39

Super Gadgets

Hi, I am a shopkeeper. I sell various gadgets in my shop. All gadgets are made for special use. Let me tell you about some popular gadgets that we use.

Camera

It helps us take colourful pictures. You can also record videos with it.

Earbuds

They can be connected to our phones. We use them by putting them in our ears. We can listen to music and receive phone calls with them.

Speaker

We can connect a speaker to our phones or TVs and listen to music. They play the sound or the music louder than your TV or phone.

Smartwatch

It is used to show the time, date and day. It can also be used as an alarm. It can record the number of steps we walk in a day. We can also connect some smartwatches to our phones to receive phone calls.

Tablet

We can watch movies, listen to songs, read books on it and use it for studies. It is easy to carry around with us.

Mobile phone

It is one of the most used gadgets today. We use it for calling, messaging, recording sounds or videos, taking photos, playing games, searching the internet, ordering food and many more activities. 40

Science and Technology Explore More Scan this QR code to learn about more gadgets. Also, learn about the effects of using gadgets too much.

Practice Time �� 1 Match the pictures with the gadget names. a

•

Tablet

•

Headphones

•

Smartphone

•

Camera

•

Earbuds

2 Read the text. Name the correct gadget in use. a Sara takes pictures and makes calls by holding this gadget in her hand.

b Tim puts dot-like gadgets in his ears. He listens to music with them.

c John wears this gadget on his wrist. He checks his number of steps with it.

d Anu has a party at home. She attaches a gadget to his phone to play loud music on it.

e Jaspreet carries this gadget around her neck while travelling. It is used only for taking pictures and making videos. Topic 20 • Super Gadgets

The National Capital

New Delhi is the capital of India. It is a busy city. It is well-connected with buses and the metro rail. There are many interesting places to see here. Let us explore some of them. The Red Fort was built by the Mughals. Every year, on Independence Day, the prime minister hoists the Indian National Flag over this fort.

The India Gate is an archway. It was built in memory of the Indian soldiers who lost their lives fighting in World War 1.

The Qutub Minar is also a World Heritage Site. It is the tallest minaret in India.

The Lotus Temple is built in the shape of a lotus. It is a Baha’i house of worship.

The Rashtrapati Bhawan is the house of the president of India. It has the famous Mughal Gardens, which are opened for people to visit in the month of February.

Incredible India Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about Delhi.

Practice Time �� 1 Circle the landmarks located in New Delhi. Qutub Minar

Taj Mahal

Lotus Temple

India Gate

Gateway of India

Jal Mahal

Charminar

Rashtrapati Bhawan

2 Read the text. Write the name of the correct monument. a The tallest minaret in India. b The house of the president of India. c A flower-shaped Baha’i house of worship. d An archway built in memory of the Indian soldiers who died in World War 1. e A fort where the Indian National Flag is hoisted on Independence Day.

3 Tick () the facts that are correct about Delhi. a New Delhi is the capital of India. b Delhi is well connected by the metrorail. c The Rashtrapati Bhawan is located in Delhi. d There are no World Heritage Sites in Delhi. e Chandni Chowk is a famous market in Mumbai.

Topic 21 • The National Capital

Kite Festival

The International Kite Festival is celebrated every year in India on 14 or 15 January. It falls on a day called Makar Sankranti. This day marks the beginning of the harvest season. The kite festival is mainly celebrated in Gujarat as Uttarayan. It is also celebrated in other states of India, like Telangana and Rajasthan. On this day, one can see hundreds of kites of different colours, shapes and sizes flying in the sky. People of all ages fly kites on this day. At times, people also fly a long chain of kites. Kites are available in the market days before Uttarayan. Patang Bazar in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, is one of the biggest kite markets.

During Uttarayan undhiyu, chikki and jalebis are some of the foods that are commonly enjoyed by the people in Gujarat.

Apart from Makar Sakranti, kites are also flown in India on these days: 14 April in Bihar and 15 August in Delhi.

Sports, Entertainment and Culture Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about the Kite Festival.

Practice Time �� 1 Circle the correct date. a Bihar celebrates kite flying on: 26 January

14 April

15 August

b Uttarayan is celebrated on: 15 August

14/15 January

25 December

c Delhi enjoys kite flying on: 15 August

14 April

26 January

2 Fill in the blanks. a The kite festival in India is celebrated in the month of

b The kite festival is celebrated on the day of

c The kite festival is known as d Makar Sankranti marks the beginning of e

in Gujarat. season. in Ahmedabad is one of the biggest kite markets.

3 Complete the kite and colour it.

Topic 22 • Kite Festival

Important International Days

There are many days in the year that are celebrated by the entire world. Let us learn about some of them. The International Day of Happiness: 20 March

This day reminds people that it is important to be happy in whatever we do. It also tells us to do things that bring joy in other people’s lives. World Health Day: 7 April

On this day, we remind ourselves of the importance of being healthy.

Earth Day: 22 April

On this day, we remind ourselves to take care of Mother Earth. In many places, trees are planted to make our planet greener. The International Day of Yoga: 21 June

This day has been celebrated all over the world since 2015. On this day, we remind ourselves of the importance of yoga to keep us healthy. The International Day of Peace: 21 September

On this day, we remind ourselves to be peaceful citizens of the world. We also try remove hatred between people by being more loving and understanding. World Teachers’ Day: 5 October

On this day, teachers all over the world are thanked for teaching us good things. India also celebrates National Teachers’ day on 5 September every year to mark the birthday of Dr S Radhakrishnan. 46

International Affairs Explore More Scan this QR code to learn about the other important international days celebrated across the world.

Practice Time �� 1 On what date are these days celebrated? a World Health Day b The International Day of Yoga c World Teachers’ Day d The International Day of Peace e The International Day of Happiness f

Earth Day

2 Select one of the international days. Then, draw your own logo for it in this box.

Topic 23 • Important International Days

Taking Care of Plants and Animals

Plants and animals are important to us. We should take good care of them. Let us learn some ways to take care of plants and animals.

Taking Care of Plants

Water the plants regularly. Different plants need different amounts of water. Too much water can harm some plants, like the cactus.

Plants need sunlight. Make sure the place where the plant is gets enough sunlight. Put indoor plants in sunlight too, for some time.

Hard soil around the plants does not let water pass through. We should keep the soil loose and airy by digging it up from time to time.

We should also pull out the weeds (unwanted plants) that may grow around our plants.

Taking Care of Pet Animals

Bathe your pet often. Give your pet animals Give them a proper There are many other activitiesThey suchneed as swimming, running, orshelter simplyto playing washing and and birds food and water stay and outdoors that cando help active and fit.like What do you enjoy doing? just you. on time. Animals notus stay cleaning, rest. It should be always eat the same food as we do. So, do not feed them any leftovers.

clean and easy for them to move in and out of.

We should make sure our pets get enough movement regularly. 48

Life Skills

Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about taking care of plants and animals.

Practice Time �� 1 Tick () the correct ways to take care of plants and animals. Cross () the wrong ones. a Keep the plants in sunlight. b Feed your pet animals every day. c Water the plants every hour. d Keep the animal shelter clean. e Let weeds grow around the plants. f Walk your pet animals, like dogs, regularly. 2 Choose the correct word from the given box. Fill in the blank. shelter mulch sunlight water food a On some days, we should put the indoor plants in the b Animals need c We should build a proper d We should e We should

and water just like us. for our pets. the soil of the plants regularly. the plants regularly.

3 Give this dog a name and write it on the shelter. Then, colour the picture.

Topic 24 • Taking Care of Plants and Animals

Extreme Weather

Sometimes, the weather turns very bad. It can damage trees and buildings. It can also harm animals and humans. Such weather is called Extreme Weather. Let us learn about some of them.

Heat Wave

During the summer, when it gets very hot for more than 3 days, we say that it is a heat wave. We should stay indoors. We should drink a lot of water and put out water for birds and street animals too.

Drought

During a drought, it gets so hot that ponds and small rivers dry up. Droughts happen over a large area and can severely harm crops. Plants, animal and people have almost no water to drink. We should help.

Cyclone

A cyclone is a storm with very strong winds and heavy rainfall. The storm damages houses, trees, roads and electricity lines. We should stay indoors and close our windows during a cyclone. We should not go near water.

Flood

During a flood, the water from rivers or lakes overflows and comes onto the dry land. It is common during the rainy season. Roads, trees and houses can go underwater. Flood water takes weeks to dry out and causes a lot of diseases.

Cold Wave

During a cold wave, there is extreme cold. In some places, there are severe snowfalls or snowstorms. We should stay indoors and keep ourselves warm during a cold wave. 50

Earth and Environment Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about extreme weather conditions.

Practice Time �� 1 Complete the names of some extreme weather. a

2 Tick () the safest action for the extreme weather. a Heat Wave Keep yourself warm

Drink plenty of water

b Cyclone Stay indoors with windows closed

Go close to the beach

Wear warm clothes

Stay away from the area

c Flood

3 Fill in the blanks. a Drought can happen over

b During a cold wave, there is a severe

c The river water comes to the roads during

d The season in which there is a heat wave is called the

e There are high-speed winds and heavy rainfall during the

Topic 25 • Extreme Weather

My Body Parts

Our body has different body parts that have various roles. Let us learn some fun facts about our body parts.

Eyes We see the world with our eyes. People have eyes of different colours, like black, brown, blue, green and grey. Did you know that we blink our eyes 15 to 20 times in a minute?

Teeth They help us bite and chew our food. Most adults have 32 teeth, while children have 20 teeth. The teeth of children are called milk teeth. These teeth fall out, and then they get permanent teeth. In our body, teeth are the only body parts that cannot repair themselves when damaged.

Ears We hear sounds around us with our ears. Our ears never sleep as we can hear sounds even when we are sleeping. We should always keep the sound low when listening to music, as loud sounds can damage our hearing.

Skin Our body is covered with skin. We can touch and feel with it. Our skin is the largest organ of our body. The skin renews itself after almost 28 days.

Lungs We have two lungs. They help us to breathe. The right lung is bigger than the left lung. The lungs are the only organs that can float on water. 52

Brain It controls our memory, emotions, language and hunger. An adult’s brain weighs around 1 ½ kilograms. It is not fully formed until the age of 25.

Heart This organ is located between the lungs, slightly towards the left. It pumps blood to different body parts. The size of our heart is almost the size of our closed fist.

Science and Technology

Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more fun facts about the human body.

Practice Time . �� 1 Read the text. Circle the correct body parts. a The body part with the same size as our closed fist.

b The body part that helps us breathe.

c The body part that cannot repair itself if damaged.

d The body part that can float on water.

2 Fill in the blanks with the correct number. a Number of milk teeth in a child. b Number of permanent teeth in an adult. c Number of lungs in a human body. d Number of days taken by the skin to renew itself. e Weight of an adult human brain in kilograms. 3 Which body part am I? a I control your emotions and memory. b I pump blood in your body. c I am the largest organ of the human body. d I am in a pair and the right part is bigger than the left.

Topic 26 • My Body Parts

National Days

For any country, national days are quite important. We have three national days. Let us learn about them.

Independence Day

India got her freedom from the British on 15 August 1947. Every year, we celebrate this day as Independence Day. Every year, the prime minister of India hoists the national flag and gives a speech at the Red Fort in New Delhi. We sing the national anthem as well as patriotic songs. Children at school also celebrate Independence Day by hoisting the Indian National Flag.

Republic Day

This national day is celebrated on 26 January every year. On this day, an important document of our country, the Constitution of India, came into effect in 1950. The constitution is a set of laws for the nation. Every year, the president of India hoists the national flag at India Gate, New Delhi. A parade by different states, the armed forces and school students, is also held at Kartavya Path road.

Gandhi Jayanti

2 October is the birth date of Mahatma Gandhi. It is celebrated every year as Gandhi Jayanti. Gandhi is known as the Father of the Nation.

He was a leader who united the country and gave us freedom from the British.

Incredible India Explore More Scan this QR code to learn about the national days of India.

Practice Time �� 1 Tick () the National Days of India. a Independence Day

b Gandhi Jayanti

c Children’s Day

d Republic Day

2 Match the National days with the correct dates. National Day

Dates

a Gandhi Jayanti

•

15 August

b Republic Day

•

2 October

c Independence Day

•

26 January

3 Write the name of these national days. a The prime minister hoists the Indian national flag at the Red Fort. b The president of India hoists the National Flag at India Gate. c Mahatma Gandhi’s birth date is celebrated on this day. d This day celebrates the freedom of India from the British. e This day is celebrated to honour the Constitution of India.

Topic 27 • National Days

World Tour

The world has so many amazing buildings, towers and statues to see. Let us learn about some of them.

Eiffel Tower

It is located in Paris, the capital of France. It has 3 floors made of strong iron.

Sphinx of Giza

It is a famous statue in Egypt. It is almost 5000 years old.

Leaning Tower of Pisa

It is in Italy. This tower is leaning to one side. It has eight floors.

Bhurj Khalifa

It is a skyscraper in Dubai. It is the tallest building in the world. It has 163 floors.

Statue of Liberty

The Big Ben

It is in the New York, United States of America. It represents freedom and liberty.

It is a famous clock tower in London, United Kingdom. It was made around 150 years ago.

Sports, Entertainment and Culture Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about the places around the world.

Practice Time �� 1 Match the landmarks with their locations. a Burj Khalifa

•

Italy

b Statue of Liberty

•

Dubai

c Eiffel Tower

•

Paris

d Sphinx of Giza

•

New York

e Leaning Tower of Pisa

•

Egypt

2 Fill in the blanks. a There are

floors in the Tower of Pisa.

b The Eiffel Tower is made of

c The Sphinx of Giza is almost

years old.

is the tallest building in the world.

e f

is a leaning tower. The Statue of Liberty represents

3 Name this monument. Then, colour it.

Topic 28 • World Tour

Indian Currency

The Indian rupee is the form of money used in India. INR is its currency code, and the symbol is ₹. Arun’s Grandma gives him some money to buy something of his choice. Arun opens the envelope and takes out the money. He finds notes of different colours. Arun: Dad! Why do these notes have different colours? Dad: In our country, we have paper notes of different values, such as 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 rupees. They are shown in different colours and sizes. You know, Arun, we also have coins of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 rupees. Arun: But where does all this money come from, Dad? Dad: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) prints them, as directed by the government. Arun: Does Mira Aunty, who lives in New York, USA, also use the same currency? I saw a different note with her when she visited. Dad (laughs): No, Arun! Different countries have different currencies. The note that you saw was the American Dollar. It must have a $ symbol on it. Arun: Oh, thanks, Dad! Can we go to the market now? I want to spend my Indian currency notes. Dad: Yes, sure, Arun. Let us go.

Both Dad and Arun laugh and go to the market. 58

Financial Literacy Explore More Scan this QR code to learn more about the Indian currency.

Practice Time �� 1 Tick () the correct name. a It is different in every country.

Currency

Colours

b It is the form of money used in India.

Dollar

Rupee

c In India, these are of different values and colours.

Paper notes

Envelope

d It prints the Indian currency.

USA

RBI

2 Match the following. a Indian Currency Code

•

b Indian Currency Symbol

•

RBI

c India’s Central Bank

•

INR

d USA Currency Symbol

•

₹

3 Look at the symbols. Name the country that the notes belong to. Then, colour them.

Topic 29 • Indian Currency

A n swe rs b. zebra crossing 3. a. hot vessels d. adult c. left

1. Plants and Trees 1. a. Banyan Tree c. Coconut Tree

b. Pine Tree

2. a. Eucalyptus tree c. Lavender plant e. Pine tree

b. Sunflower plant d. Coconut tree

b. Palash tree 3. a. Pine tree c. Eucalyptus tree d. Jasmine e. Banyan tree 1. a. Play games c. Draw and colour e. Watch a movie b. Keyboard.

c. Mouse.

3. a. LAPTOP b. DESKTOP c. SMARTPHONE d. TABLET 1. a. Peacock. b. Lotus. c. Tiger. d. Jana-gana-mana. e. Vande Mataram. c. song

3. Individual drawing and colouring. It is the national bird of India.

4. Water Sports 1. a. Windsurfing 2. a. Kayaking d. Rafting

b. Jet Skiing

3. Individual drawing and colouring.

8. Things That Changed the World 1. a. Electricity d. Internet

b. Paper

c. Wheels

2. a. Ts’ai Lun b. Dr Edward Jenner c. Benjamin Franklin d. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

3. National Symbols

2. a. Tiranga b. anthem d. Ashoka pillar

1. a. Tallest animal b. Fastest animal c. Smallest bird d. Largest bird e. Largest land animal

2. The answer may vary for b and d. Sample answers are given: a. Hummingbird b. Garden snail c. hunting d. Ostrich e. Blue whale

2. Computers

2. a. Monitor. d. CPU.

7. Unique Birds and Animals

c. Surfing

b. Surfing c. Swimming e. Scuba diving f. Snorkelling

3. Individual colouring. The boy is swimming in a pool.

3. The answer may vary for parts b, c, d, f and g. Sample answers are given: a. Potter’s wheel b. Drawing c. Bones d. Make video calls e. China f. Toaster g. Polio h. 1895 i. Smallpox

9. Indian Achievers

1. a. second female President of India b. Olympic gold medallist c. winner of 2 Oscars d. youngest international chess master e. won the International Booker Prize

5. India in Space in 2023

2. a. A.R. Rahman b. Geetanjali Shree c. R. Praggnanandhaa d. Neeraj Chopra e. Mirabai Chanu

2. Colour the picture.

10. Indoor-Outdoor Games

1. a. ii

b. iv

c. i

d. iii

6. Emergencies and Safety 1. a, c and e.

2. a. To connect to emergency services b. To call an ambulance c. To call the police d. To call the firemen at the station

1. a. I

b. O

2. a. Cricket d. Carrom

c. O

d. I

b. Badminton

e. O

c. Ludo

3. Sample answers are given. a. Cricket b. Snakes and Ladders c. Volleyball d. Chess

f. I

4. Individual drawing and colouring. It is a racket. It is used to play badminton, which is an outdoor game.

3. a. pheta d. nauvari

11. India and Its Neighbours

1. a. 1928 e. 1934

1. Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

2. a. Sri Lanka b. Nepal c. Bangladesh d. Afghanistan e. Bhutan f. Pakistan 3. a. Sri Lanka

b. Bangladesh

c. Bhutan

12. Food and Hygiene

16. Disney World

b. 2013

c. Angavastram

c. 1992

2. a. sealed b. dustbin d. refrigerator

c. soap

3. Picture b Reasons may vary. Sample reason: Food in Picture b is safe to eat because there are no flies around.

13. The Sea World

b. Pufferfish

c. Seahorse

2. a. Jellyfish b. Parrotfish c. Spider crabs d. Red-lipped batfish e. Flying fish

2. a. Aladdin b. Anna c. Goofy d. Elsa e. Donald Duck f. Cinderella g. Minnie Mouse

3. Individual colouring. Hi, I am Mickey Mouse. 1. a. Asiad b. 4 c. Badminton d. Summer Olympic Games 2024 2. a. Shooting, Archery, Kabaddi b. Athletics, Wrestling, Chess c. Boxing, Horse riding, Squash 1. a. Swimming c. Running

b. Playing Football

2. Circle dancing, singing and playing a guitar. 3. Underline cycling, swimming and running

3. Individual colouring. It is a jellyfish.

14. The Solar System

19. Save Planet Earth

1. a. Red planet b. Blue planet c. Smallest planet d. Brightest planet e. Largest Planet b. Mercury e. Venus

3. a. 8 b. Sun c. Mercury d. Neptune e. Sun f. Uranus, Neptune

15. Traditional Indian Wear

1. Men: Dhoti and Kediyu, Lungi, Panjabi; Women: Saree, Mekhela Sador, Nauvari, Chaniya Choli

e. 107

18. Stay Fit, Have Fun

4. a. Sleeping b. Sitting c. Playing video games e. Singing

2. a. Uranus or Neptune c. Earth d. Saturn

d. 1932

17. India at the Asian Games, 2023

1. b, c, e, f and i

1. a. Frogfish

b. Assam

d. Dancing

1. a, c, f and g

2. b, e, f and g.

3. a. switch OFF fans. b. carry my own bag. c. close the tap. d. repair the zip. e. bicycle.

20. Super Gadgets

1. a. Camera b. Earbuds c. Tablet d. Headphones e. Smartphone 2. a. Smartphone c. Smartwatch

b. Earbuds d. Speaker

e. Camera

2. a. Maharashtra b. Tamil Nadu c. Gujarat d. West Bengal e. Punjab Answers

21. The National Capital

26. My Body Parts

2. a. Qutub Minar c. Lotus Temple

2. a. 20

1. Qutub Minar, Lotus Temple, India Gate, Rashtrapati Bhawan

3. a, b and c.

b. Rashtrapati Bhawan d. India Gate e. Red Fort

1. a. Heart d. Lungs

3. a. Brain d. Lungs

b. Lungs

b. 32

c. 2

b. Heart

22. Kite Festival

27. National Days

2. a. January b. Makar Sankranti c. Uttarayan d. harvest e. Patang Bazar

2. a. 2 October c. 15 August

c. Teeth d. 28

c. Skin

e. 1 ½

1. a. 14 April b. 14/15 January c. 15 August

1. a. Independence Day d. Republic Day

3. Individual drawing and colouring.

3. a. Independence Day b. Republic Day c. Gandhi Jayanti d. Independence Day e. Republic Day

23. Important International Days

1. a. 7 April b. 21 June c. 5 October d. 21 September e. 20 March f. 22 April

24. Taking Care of Plants and Animals 1. a, b, d and f. 2. a. sunlight d. mulch

b. food e. water

c. shelter

3. Individual colouring and naming of the pet dog.

25. Extreme Weather

1. a. CYCLONE b. HEAT WAVE d. COLD WAVE e. DROUGHT

c. FLOODS

2. a. Drink plenty of water b. Stay indoors with windows closed c. Stay away from the area 3. a. large b. cold c. flood d. summer e. cyclone

b. 26 January

28. World Tour 1. a. Dubai d. Egypt

b. Gandhi Jayanti

b. New York e. Italy

c. Paris

2. a. eight b. iron c. 5000 d. Burj Khalifa e. Tower of Pisa f. freedom

3. The Sphinx of Giza. Individual colouring.

29. Indian Currency 1. a. Currency d. RBI 2. a. INR

b. ₹

b. Rupee c. RBI

c. Paper notes d. $

3. Individual colouring. a. India b. The United States of America/USA

About the Book Aware empowers learners with general knowledge, awareness of global developments, functional competencies and the 21st-century skills essential for life today. The book covers learning across eight key themes, which are shown below.

About Uolo Uolo partners with K-12 schools to provide technology-based learning programs. We believe pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 10,000 schools across India, South East Asia and the Middle East.

Singapore

Gurugram

| Bengaluru

hello@uolo.com �280