G3_Main_T2_CMS by Uolo

Computer Science

About the Book This book embodies the principles outlined in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It unveils the world of computer science through a unique and captivating pedagogical approach—seamlessly integrating curriculum content into the mesmerizing adventures of Mel and Conji, fictional figures hailing from the enchanting world of Avora. Our aim is to prepare learners for the dynamic and technology-driven landscape of the 21st century, equipping them with the essential skills they need to thrive in an ever-evolving world.

(TERM II)

Special Features • Explore More: QR codes to explore an exciting application of the concept. This element builds curiosity in children and helps them grasp concepts through digital visual aids. 3

• Discuss: Questions to trigger engaging group discussions in the classroom. • Think and Tell: Probing questions to stimulate thinking at an individual level. • Did You Know? Interesting facts related to the application of a concept. • Points to Remember: Chapter end summary. • Do It Yourself: Milestone exercises to practice specific concepts. • Chapter Checkup: A pool of questions catering to all topics and skills covered in the chapter.

About Uolo Uolo partners with K-12 schools to bring technology-based learning programs. We believe pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 10,000 schools across India, South East Asia, and the Middle East.

Singapore

Gurugram

CS_CB_Grade3_ICSE_Cover_CMT2.indd All Pages

Bengaluru

hello@uolo.com �215

NEP 2020 based

ICSE compliant

Technology powered

06/02/24 1:03 PM

ICSE

COMPUTER SCIENCE Grade 3 Term II

The Case Lost Memory

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Foreword

Standing at the forefront of the digital and AI revolution, the importance of coding and computational skills has reached unprecedented heights. In today’s professional landscape, whether it’s in the fields of medicine, space exploration, education, science, or business, no sector remains untouched by this transformative wave. To not just survive but thrive in the 21st century, basic computer literacy is no longer sufficient. Learners must evolve into “digital natives” who can fluently read, write, and communicate in the languages that machines and AI comprehend. Recognizing this imperative, the National Education Policy of 2020 (NEP 2020) has strongly recommended the integration of coding skills, computational thinking, critical analysis, and problem-solving abilities into the curriculum. Moreover, forward-looking subjects like AI, Data Sciences, Computer Applications, and IT have been introduced as elective subjects from grade 9 onwards. It wouldn’t be surprising if further transformative measures are taken even at the elementary education level. Uolo has introduced an innovative 360-degree program for a coding-focused computer science curriculum, known as Tekie, spanning grades 1 to 8. Tekie is a significant stride towards STEM education that aims at making learners future ready—enabling them with skills needed in the ever-changing, technology-driven, and dynamic 21st-century world. Tekie adopts a captivating and engaging approach to learning, in line with the recommendations of the NEP 2020. The curriculum is ingeniously woven into the thrilling adventures of Mel and Conji, fictional characters from the enchanting land of Avora. The Mel and Conji series epitomizes a modern method of acquiring Computer Science knowledge and honing coding skills and computational thinking. Tekie is a technology-empowered curriculum that encompasses a few key components: • • • •

Main Content Books: These introduce learners to the theory of computer science and the tools used in the field. Topics in AI are also covered, along with experiential and curiosity-based learning resources. Coding Book: Specifically designed to nurture coding skills, this booklet aligns with the experiential and contextual learning approach of the curriculum, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

Animated Learning Videos: The program is powered by high-quality animation-based learning videos that deliver learning in an engaging manner. Teacher Manual: This valuable resource supports classroom instruction, ensuring that educators can effectively deliver the curriculum.

Welcome to the captivating realm of Tekie! We hope you relish this educational journey as it equips you with the tools you need to thrive in the exciting and ever-changing world of the 21st century.

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Key Chapter Elements Each chapter has been divided into two key sections. Section A: Story-based Comic In every grade, students embark on an immersive experience in the “Adventures of Mel and Conji.” Within each chapter, in the initial section (Section A), the story unfolds, enveloping learners in an exciting journey. Through the story, students actively connect with fundamental concepts in the realm of Computer Science. Section B: Computer Science Concepts This section of the chapter focuses on the essential academic content. It provides the learning goals and assists teachers in their classroom instruction. This section also includes the following academic assets: QR codes to explore an exciting application of the concept.

HOTS questions to trigger engaging group discussions in the classroom.

This element builds curiosity in children and helps them

Discuss!

grasp concepts through digital visual aids.

Are supercomputers only used by big companies?

Explore More!

Do you want to know more about how the CPU works? Scan here to find out!

Interesting facts related to the application of a concept.

Did You Know?

Archie was the first search engine, and it was created by Alan Emtage in 1990.

This is the chapter summary. It enables learners to glance through all key concepts covered in the chapter. Probing questions to stimulate HOTS at individual level.

Think and Tell

Is software only used on computers?

Milestone exercises to practice specific concepts.

A pool of questions catering to all topics and skills covered in the chapter.

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Introduction to Avora

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Places in Avora

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Meet the Characters

vii

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viii

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Contents

Main Book

Knowing a Computer �� 1 

Uses of Computers



Types of Computers



Hardware



Software



Input Processing Output Cycle

GUI Operating System �� 20 

Understanding Operating Systems



Windows 10



How to Switch on a Computer



Desktop and Its Components



Operations on Desktop

Introduction to the Internet �� 40 

Internet



Opening a Web Page

Adventures with AI Friends �� 56 

What is AI?



AI in Daily Life



AI Gadgets

Block Coding

Introduction to Coding �� 63 

What Is Coding?



Block-based Coding



Algorithm



Exploring Code.org



Sprite ix

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

Visiting the Sprite Lab



Setting the Background



Adding Behaviours



Events



Final Project”

Loops ��84 

Repeating Actions



Repeat Loops



Variables in Block Coding



The for Loop



Using for Loops”

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Chapter 1 • Knowing a Computer

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Uses of Computers In today’s world, computers have become a very important part of our lives. We see them at home, school, hospitals, etc. It helps us do many things, like play games, write letters, and do the homework. They are used for processing and storing information, solving problems, etc. In schools, computers are used to teach students about different subjects. In businesses, computers are used to calculate profit and loss. In homes, computers are used for entertainment, like playing games and watching movies.

Types of Computers Computers can be classified into different categories based on their size, speed, storage capacity, and cost. Types of Computers

Microcomputer

Minicomputer

Mainframe computer

Supercomputer

Microcomputers Microcomputers are small computers that are used by individuals. They are called personal computers (PCs). They are used in homes, schools, offices, shops, and banks. They can be used for different things, such as playing games, writing documents, and doing research. Microcomputers are available in different forms. 1. Laptops: These are small computers with a variety of screen sizes. You can put them on your lap. They run on batteries, and you can carry them around. Chapter 1 • Knowing a Computer

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2. Desktop PC: They have different parts, such as a monitor, the CPU, a keyboard, and a mouse. All these parts are connected to work together.

3. Tablet: Tablets are smaller than laptops but bigger than phones. They have touch screens instead of keyboards or mouse.

4. Smartphones: Smartphones are tiny computers that you can hold in your hand. They can do a lot of things, like calling your friends, sending messages, playing games, taking pictures, and showing you the maps to find the places. Did You Know?

The first personal computer was called the Altair 8800. It came out in 1975 and was made of circuit boards.

Minicomputers These computers are bigger and faster, but they are more expensive than microcomputers. They are used by multiple people at once in places like banks and universities. Today, they are often called smallor mid-size servers, like PDP-8, HP 2100, Honeywell 316, and TI-990.

Mainframe Computers These computers are very powerful, big in size, and efficient. They are very expensive. Many people can use them at once in places like schools, banks, and airports. Some examples are the IBM Z series, PDP-10, and System Z10. 6

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Supercomputers Supercomputers are the largest and fastest of all types of computers. They are used in big companies to do work, such as weather forecasting and rocket launching. PARAM 8000 was India’s first supercomputer in 1991.

Discuss!

Are supercomputers only used by big companies?

Do It Yourself 1A 1

Match the following. Column A

Column B

Laptop

Desktop

Minicomputer

Mainframe computer

Tablet

Chapter 1 • Knowing a Computer

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Tick () the correct option. What can you do on a computer? a

Play games

Write letters

All of the above

Hardware Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer that you can touch or feel. Examples of hardware includes a monitor, keyboard, mouse, CPU, printer, speakers, etc. Let us learn about the hardware devices in detail.

Monitor A monitor looks like a TV screen. It shows you all the things that you do on the computer, like playing games, drawing, or writing stories. A monitor is also known as a VDU (Visual Display Unit). There are three types of monitors. 1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor: CRT monitors are big in size and have a curved display. They consume a large amount of power.

2. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitor: The LCD has a flat screen. LCD monitors are more energy-efficient than CRT monitors.

3. Light Emitting Diode (LED) Monitor: The LED monitors are thinner and lighter in weight as compared to CRT monitors. LED monitors consume less power than LCD monitors. 8

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Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a processing device. A computer transfers information through the CPU. It is the brain of the computer that manages all the calculations and programs. The CPU chip lies inside the computer cabinet. The CPU has three main parts. Let us learn about them. 1. Memory Unit (MU): It stores data and instructions given to a computer. 2. Control Unit (CU): It controls and manages all the parts of a computer. 3. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): It performs all the mathematical calculations, like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.

Keyboard A computer keyboard is an input device that allows us to enter letters, numbers, and other symbols (these are called special characters) into a computer. It is used to type data and instructions into the computer. A standard keyboard typically has 104 keys.

Mouse A mouse is an input device used for pointing objects. It is used to point, click, and move various on-screen objects.

Touchscreen A touchscreen is a display device that allows us to interact with a computer by touching the screen. Devices like tablets and smartphones have a touchscreen. A touchscreen is controlled by fingers. Chapter 1 • Knowing a Computer

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Scanner A scanner is an input device that scans the text or picture printed on paper and translates the information into a digital copy.

Printer A printer is an output device that takes what you see on the computer screen and puts it on paper. This paper copy is called a hard copy.

Did You Know?

In around 1440, the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press, which started the printing revolution.

Speaker A speaker is an output device. It is used for listening to music and sound being played by the computer.

Light Pen A light pen is an input device. It is also known as a pointing device. It is the same as a pen. It is used to draw and write anything on the screen that will show on a computer/laptop screen.

Joystick A joystick, also known as an input and pointing device, is used for playing games.

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Microphone A microphone is an input device that records your voice and various sounds into a computer. It also allows you to talk with your family and friends on the internet.

Compact Disc (CD) A CD is a storage device. It is a removable disc that is round, flat, and shiny. It can store a limited amount of data.

Pen Drive A pen drive is very small in size, which makes it portable. It can store and transfer information from one computer to another.

RAM RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It stores the information temporarily on a computer. It allows the computer to run programs and access data quickly.

Motherboard The motherboard is the backbone of a computer system. It provides the physical structure and electrical connections that allow the other components to work together.

Hard Disk A hard disk is a device that can store large amounts of data and information used by computers. A hard disk is present inside the CPU cabinet. Nowadays, external hard disks are also available.

Explore More!

Do you want to know more about how the CPU works? Scan here to find out!

Chapter 1 • Knowing a Computer

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Do It Yourself 1B 1

Which of the following is used to point, click, and move across various on-screen objects? a

Which of the following stores the information temporarily in a computer? a

Software Software is the part of a computer that cannot be touched. Software is a set of instructions or programs given to the computer to do some work. There are two types of software: 1. System software System software controls the overall working of a computer. It manages all the input and output operations of the computer. For example, the operating system is a part of the system software that makes a computer run.

Explore More!

Do you want to know how operating systems work in computers? Scan here to find out!

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2. Application software The software that helps you to do specific tasks is known as application software. Examples: Paint, Google Chrome, and Microsoft Office. Let us now learn about the IPO cycle.

Think and Tell

Is software only used on computers?

Input Processing Output Cycle These three processes are completed by every computer: Input–Process– Output.

Input The data and instructions that you enter using an input device, like a keyboard or a mouse, into a computer are called input. You can enter numbers, words, or pictures as input.

Process After entering data and instructions into a computer, the CPU works on the input to provide you with meaningful information. This is called processing.

Output The meaningful information that you get after processing is known as the output. Let’s consider a real-life example to understand the Input-Process-Output (IPO) cycle: Here are the steps to stitch a dress:

Chapter 1 • Knowing a Computer

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Input

Fabric, Thread, Sewing Machine, Scissors

Process

Sewing the dress

Output

A stitched dress

Do It Yourself 1C 1

Identify the Input, Process, and Output in the procedure of making a boat.

Match the following. Column A

Column B

Input

Answer = 18

Output

=7+5+6

Process

Add the given numbers: 7, 5, 6

Points to Remember 1

Laptops, desktop PCs, tablets, and smartphones are microcomputers.

Minicomputers are used by multiple people at once in places like banks and universities.

Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer that you can touch or feel.

There are three main components of the CPU: MU, ALU, and CU.

A keyboard is an input device that allows us to enter letters, numbers, and other symbols into a computer.

A standard keyboard has 104 keys.

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A mouse is an input device used for pointing objects. It is used to point, click, and move various objects on the screen.

A hard disk is a storage device used to store large amounts of data.

Software is that part of a computer that cannot be touched.

Software is of two types: System software and application software.

Input–Process–Output is how computers work: They take input, process it, and show the results.

Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

CPU

output

printer

hardware

input

refers to the parts of a computer system that can be touched or felt.

1 2

The final step in the IPO cycle is known as

A is an output device that takes what you see on the computer screen and puts it on paper.

A joystick is a

The

device used for playing games. is the brain of a computer.

B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

What is a set of programs called? a

Software

Information

Pen drive

Joystick

Which of the following are types of monitors? a

CRT

LCD

LED

All of these

Which device allows you to hear music and sounds from a computer? a

Screen

Microphones

Mouse

Speakers

Chapter 1 • Knowing a Computer

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Which type of software is responsible for managing computer input and output? a

System software

Application software

Hardware

Internet browser

What type of computer is commonly found in homes, schools, and offices? a

Mainframe computer

Minicomputer

Microcomputer

Supercomputer

C. Who Am I? 1

I am a part of the CPU that performs all the mathematical calculations.

I am a device that prints what is on a computer screen onto paper.

I am a small hand-held device that you use to point and click on a computer screen.

I am a type of a screen that you can touch to interact with a computer or a device.

I record your voice and various other sounds on a computer.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

A mouse is not a pointing device.

RAM stores the information temporarily on a computer.

3 Light pens are used for listening to the music and sound from the computer. 4

A monitor is also called a VDU (Visual Display Unit).

A scanner scans the text printed on paper and translates it into a digital copy.

E. Answer the Following. 1

What is RAM?

Name the different types of monitors.

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What is a CPU?

Give an example of the Input–Process–Output cycle.

Define software. What are its types?

F. Apply Your Learning. 1

Rahul wants to play a game on his computer. What type of input device can he use for this?

Sakshi is typing a school essay on her computer. Which hardware device is she using for the input?

Rohit is using a microphone for a video call. What type of hardware device is the microphone, and what is its primary function?

Suhani’s mother is using her fingers instead of a mouse or keyboard to operate a device. Name the device.

Shivam wants to send a soft copy of the assignment questions to his school friend. But he has those questions written in the school diary. Name the device he must use to create a soft copy of the document.

Chapter 1 • Knowing a Computer

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Chapter 1 • Knowing a Computer

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Chapter 2 • GUI Operating System

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Chapter 2 • GUI Operating System

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Understanding Operating Systems You must have gone to the library and seen that it is the librarian who issues books to you. The librarian is like the manager of the library. She/he organises books, helps people find what they need, and makes sure everything runs smoothly. Similarly, a computer has a special program known as the operating system that manages various tasks, helps us search for files and apps, and makes sure that the computer runs smoothly. The operating system manages computer hardware and software. It provides an interface to the users through which they communicate with the computer. It handles tasks like managing devices, allocating memory, managing programs, etc. Did You Know?

The first operating system was created in the 1950s.

User Application Operating System Hardware

Think and Tell

Which other devices do you think have an OS?

User Interface (UI) A user interface is a bridge between you and the computer system. Let us say you want to play music on your computer. How would you do it? You will give instructions to the computer by pressing the mouse buttons or pressing the keys from the keyboard to play music. The icons and buttons you click using the mouse are a part of the user interface. 24

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Types of User Interface There are two types of user interfaces: 1. Character User Interface (CUI): It involves typing text-based commands using the keyboard to interact with a computer.

2. Graphical User Interface (GUI): It is a visual way for users to interact with a computer by using pictures like menus, icons, and buttons. These interfaces are much easier to use than CUI interfaces. Windows is an example of a GUI. Let us learn about the differences between CUI and GUI. Differences between CUI and GUI CUI

CUI stands for Character User Interface.

It works on text-based commands. It works fast.

It is difficult to use.

Examples: DOS (Disk Operating System), Unix Shell, and Terminal.

GUI

GUI stands for Graphical User interface.

It works on icons, buttons, etc. No text commands are needed. It works slow.

It is easy to use and very user-friendly. Examples: Windows, macOS.

Windows 10 Windows 10 is a popular operating system. It was developed by Microsoft Corporation and released on July 29, 2015. It was a successor to Windows 8.1. It is mainly built to be used in computers and laptops. Let us learn about some of the features of Windows 10.

Features of Windows 10 1. Windows 10 provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI).

2. It makes the interaction between the computer and the user easy. Chapter 2 • GUI Operating System

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3. It allows us to perform many tasks at the same time. For example, you can play music on the computer while playing a game.

4. It allows us to give all the commands to the computer by clicking on the images and the menu.

How to Switch on a Computer Following are the steps to start a computer: 1. Switch on the main power button.

2. Press on the UPS button.

3. Press on the CPU button.

4. Press on the Monitor button.

5. Wait for the computer to start. Once your computer has started, the desktop screen appears.

Do It Yourself 2A 1

Explore More!

Do you want to know what is shutting down a computer? Scan here to find out!

Write C for CUI and G for GUI in the boxes. Difficult

Slower

Text-based commands

Buttons

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Rearrange the steps to switch on a computer in the right order: Press on the Monitor button. Switch on the Main Power button. Wait for the computer to start; once your computer has started, the desktop screen appears. Press on the UPS button. Press on the CPU button.

Desktop and Its Components After switching on the computer, the screen is visible, which is called the desktop. The desktop is a collection of components. Let us learn about these components.

Icons

Icons The small graphical symbols or images that represent files, apps, or folders are called icons. We will learn more about files in the next chapter. Chapter 2 • GUI Operating System

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Taskbar Taskbar is present at the bottom of the screen. It allows you to manage the programs that you are using. It has the following components:

Start Button

Search Bar

Task View Button

Notification Area

Start Button: It is located at the bottom left of the desktop screen. When we click on the Start button, the Start Menu will open. The Start Menu shows all the apps present on your computer. Search Bar: It is a text box that is located in the taskbar at the bottom of the desktop. It is used to search for files, apps, and settings on your computer. Task View Button: It shows you a list of all the programs and windows that you have opened. Notification Area: The notification area is present on the right side of the taskbar. It shows icons for programs and notifications. It also shows the date and time on the computer.

Operations on Desktop We can perform different types of operations on the desktop, like arranging icons, opening apps, sorting icons, etc. Let us learn about these operations.

Opening an Application Steps to open an application in Windows 10: 1. Click on the Start button. The Start menu will open. 28

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Start Button

2. Click on the application that you want to open from the Start menu.

3. The application will open on the screen.

Think and Tell

Can you give an example of an icon you might see on your desktop? Chapter 2 • GUI Operating System

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Arranging Desktop Icons As you arrange your backpack for school, you can also do the same with icons on the desktop. Let us learn how to arrange icons on the desktop. Steps to arrange desktop icons: 1. Right-click on an empty area on your desktop.

2. Click on the View option, then click on the Auto arrange icons option on the list.

This will arrange all the icons in an organised way.

Before applying Auto arrange.

After applying Auto arrange.

Discuss!

What is the purpose of the search button on the Taskbar?

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Sorting Icons Sorting icons means arranging them in a specific order. Steps to sort the icons: 1. Right-click on an empty space on your desktop. A list will pop up.

2. Click on the Sort by option.

3. Choose how you want to sort your icons. Your icons will be sorted.

Here are some options of how you can sort your icons: Sort by

Name

This will sort your icons alphabetically. Sort by

Size

This will sort your icons by their file size, from smallest to largest. Sort by

Item Type

This will sort your icons by their file type, such as .exe, .jpg, or .mp3. Sort by

Date Modified

This will sort your icons by the date they were last modified, from most recently modified to least recently modified.

Explore More!

Windows 10 comes with a built-in feature called Windows Spotlight that changes your background every day. Scan here to know more!

Chapter 2 • GUI Operating System

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Changing the Background The desktop has an image behind all the elements. This image is called the background image or wallpaper. Let us learn how we can change the background image. Steps to change your desktop background: 1. Right-click on the desktop.

2. Select the Personalize option.

3. Select the Background option.

4. Choose a picture or browse for other options.

The picture will be set as your desktop background instantly. 32

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Changing the Screen Saver The screen saver is an image, which pops up on the computer screen whenever a computer is left idle for a certain period of time. Steps to change a screen saver: 1. Right-click on the desktop.

2. Choose the Personalize option.

3. Click on the Screen Saver Settings.

4. Choose a screensaver from the Screen saver options.

5. Click Apply and then OK to save your changes.

Chapter 2 • GUI Operating System

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Do It Yourself 2B Match the following.

Column A

Column B To search on the computer To see the notifications To change the desktop background To view the list of programs opened

Complete the following sentences.

Sort by

Name arranges the

on the desktop alphabetically.

To arrange desktop icons, click on the

Screen saver is an

option.

Points to Remember 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

An operating system (OS) is a program that manages various tasks, helps us search for files and apps, and makes sure that the computer runs smoothly. A user interface is a bridge between you and the computer system.

Windows 10 is a popular operating system that can be installed on a variety of devices, like desktops, laptops, tablets, etc. The first step to turn on a computer is to press the power button.

The taskbar is a bar at the bottom of the screen that contains various components, like the Start button, Task View button, and Notification Area. The Start button is a button in the taskbar that opens the Start Menu. The Start Menu shows all the apps present on your computer.

Icons are pictures on the desktop that represent apps, files, or folders.

To open an application, you can click on the Start button and search for the name of the application. Sorting icons means arranging them in a specific order.

The desktop has an image behind all the elements. This image is called the background image or wallpaper. The screen saver is an image, which pops up on the computer screen whenever a computer is left idle for a certain period of time.

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Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

icons

taskbar

An operating system is a smoothly.

The bar at the bottom of the screen is called the

program

that makes sure that the computer runs

is a bridge between you and the computer system. .

are images on the desktop that represent apps, files, or folders.

4 5

interface

The

bar allows you to search for files and programs on the computer.

B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

Which sorting option sorts your icons by the date they were last modified? a

Size

Date modified

Type

Name

What does the Notification Area on the taskbar show? a

Notifications to see

Games to play

Start button

Music playlists

What does the Start Menu contain? a

All apps present on the computer

Only calculator

Start button only

Wallpapers

What does the Taskbar in Windows 10 help you do? a

Control the computer’s temperature

b Arrange icons on the

Manage the programs you are using

d Change the desktop

wallpaper

How do you open the screen saver settings? a

Right-click on the desktop and select the Personalize option.

Right-click on the desktop and select the Screen saver option.

Right-click on the desktop and select the View option.

None of the above.

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C. Who Am I? 1

Match the columns: I find a file, program, or setting on your computer. I change the date and time on your computer. I open the Start Menu. I am a popular operating system.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

Windows 10 was released before Windows 8.1.

To start a computer, you need to switch off the main power button.

Changing the wallpaper is the same as changing the screensaver on the desktop.

The Search bar is used to find files, programs, settings, etc., on the computer.

The taskbar is at the bottom of the desktop screen.

E. Answer the Following. 1

Define operating system.

What is a taskbar?

Write the names of the different types of interfaces.

Write any one feature of Windows 10.

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What do you mean by sorting icons on the desktop?

F. Apply Your Learning. 1

Mia wants to change the wallpaper on her desktop. Name the option she should select after right-clicking on the desktop.

Rani is working on multiple programs on her Windows 10 laptop. She wants to see the list of all the programs she is working on. Name the button she must click for the same.

Rachit left his computer idle while he was on a call. When he returns, he sees an image pop up on the computer screen. What is this image called?

Ronita wants to search for the “Paint” application on her computer. How can she do it?

Aastha wants to arrange her desktop icons in alphabetical order. How can she do it?

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Chapter 2 • GUI Operating System

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Chapter 3 • Introduction to the Internet

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Chapter 3 • Introduction to the Internet

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Internet Imagine it is your birthday, and your cousin lives far away. She is unable to visit you this year. She video calls you to wish you a happy birthday. What helped you connect the video call with your cousin? The internet helped you connect to the video call. Our phone or laptop is connected to the internet, which allows us to video call another person. What is the internet? Two or more computers connected to each other form a computer network. The internet is a network that connects computers all over the world. We use the internet to: 1. share information with others. 2. learn new things.

3. be in touch with our family and friends.

Discuss!

What are some other things that you can do on the internet?

Advantages of the Internet The internet is very useful if we use it correctly. Let us learn more about the advantages of the internet: 1. The internet makes tasks quick and easy.

2. The internet helps us talk to faraway friends and family. 3. The internet allows us to learn about new things.

4. The internet allows us to watch films and cartoons, listen to songs, play games, and read books.

5. The internet helps us shop online to buy clothes, toys, books, food, etc. 6. The internet allows us to do money-related tasks, like transfer money, book tickets, etc. Chapter 3 • Introduction to the Internet

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Disadvantages of the Internet Everything has a good side and a bad side if we do not use it responsibly. Let us learn more about the disadvantages of the internet: 1. There are bad people on the internet who can attack our phones or computers. They can get our personal data or photos if we do not use the internet responsibly.

2. People send unwanted messages or emails over the internet. Many times, these messages can be mean and hurtful. 3. When we spend a lot of time on the internet, it can distract us from our important tasks like homework, exercise, cleaning our room, etc.

4. When we are too involved with the screen while using the internet, it affects our health.

Basic Terminologies of the Internet The basic terminologies we should keep in mind while using the internet are: S. No.

Basic Terms

Description

Web page

A web page is a simple document that can be displayed over the internet using a browser.

Website

A website is a collection of web pages that contain information about a related topic.

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S. No.

Basic Terms

Description

Web browser

A web browser allows us to view the information present on websites and web pages.

Mozilla Firefox

Safari

Google Chrome

Opera

Some popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Opera, and Microsoft Edge.

Microsoft Edge

Search engine

Google

Yahoo

Bing

A search engine can search for the information required by the user over the internet. Some of the most popular search engines are Google, Yahoo, Bing, etc.

Email stands for electronic mail. Email is a way to send messages to people over the internet.

URL

All the websites have a web address. A web address helps us open a website in the browser. This web address is known as URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

Explore More!

How does the internet work? Scan here to find out!

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Did You Know?

Archie was the first search engine, and it was created by Alan Emtage in 1990. 47

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Do It Yourself 3A 1

Match the following.

Definitions

Terms

Two or more computers that are connected to each other.

Internet

A collection of web pages.

Web Browser

The network spread across the world.

Website

It helps us view the information present on websites and web pages.

Computer Network

Read the following sentences. Mark the advantages of computers with A and the disadvantages of computers with D. a

The internet helps us share information with others.

There are bad people on the internet who try to steal our personal data and pictures.

People sometimes send mean and hurtful messages or emails over the internet.

We can talk to faraway friends and family using the internet.

Opening a Web Page To visit a website or a web page, you need to know its web address, or the URL. Let’s say we want to open the web page with the web address “www.uolo.com”. To open the web page, follow these steps: 1. Open a web browser. Here, we will use Google Chrome.

2. Type “www.uolo.com” in the address bar at the top of the browser window.

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3. Press the Enter key on the keyboard. URL

Address Bar

Website

Online Safety Rules Online safety rules are important because they help us stay protected while using the internet. Let us learn about these rules: 1. Do not share personal information like your address, phone number, photo, school name, etc., with strangers online.

2. Do not click on unknown advertisements shown on the internet. 3. Do not talk to unknown people over the internet.

4. Do not share passwords with anyone online except your parents. A password is a secret code.

5. Do not use the internet for a long period of time. It may cause health issues. 6. Use antivirus on your computer. An antivirus is a tool that keeps your computer safe from various threats.

Explore More!

How to make a strong password? Scan here to find out!

Think and Tell

Which other information should you not share over the internet? Chapter 3 • Introduction to the Internet

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Be a Good Digital Citizen Being a good digital citizen means using the internet carefully. It means being aware of the risks of online activity and taking steps to protect yourself and others. Follow the rules given below to be a good digital citizen: 1. Treat people with respect over the internet.

2. Use kind words.

3. Do not write bad things about others.

Explore More!

Do you want to know how we can be safe online? Scan here to find out!

4. Sometimes people say rude things online. This is called cyberbullying. If it happens to you, let your parents or teachers know about this immediately.

5. If you end up opening a wrong website by mistake, close it immediately.

Do It Yourself 3B 1

Mark the good online behaviours with G and the bad behaviours with B.

Argue with people online.

Do not share password with others.

Be kind and respectful.

Spend unlimited time on the internet.

Write any three online safety rules. a b c

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Points to Remember 1

Two or more computers connected to each other form a computer network.

The internet is a network that connects computers all over the world.

A web page is a simple document that can be displayed over the internet.

A website is a collection of web pages that contain information about a related topic.

A web browser allows us to view the information present on websites and web pages.

A search engine can search for information over the internet.

Email is a way to send messages to people over the internet.

A web address, or URL, is required to visit websites using the web browser.

We should follow some rules as good digital citizens: a

Be respectful online.

Use kind words.

Do not share passwords.

Limit screen time.

Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

uniform resource locator

URL stands for

internet

computer network

antivirus

search engine

is a group of two computers connected to each other.

information.

. is a worldwide network of computers which allows the sharing of

can search for information required by the user.

is a tool that keeps your computer safe from various threats.

B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

Using the internet, we can: a

video call our relatives

send an email

shop online

All of these

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What are the responsibilities of a good digital citizen? a

Sharing passwords

Arguing with online friends

Being kind and respectful online

Disrespecting people online

Which of the following is personal information that you should NOT share online? a

Your favourite colour

Your house address

Your favourite game

Your favourite food

What does U stand for in URL? a

Universal

Unique

Uniform

Unusual

What is an email used for? a

Playing online games

Sending electronic message

Online shopping

Clicking pictures

C. Who Am I? 1

I am a type of network that helps us talk to faraway friends and family using video calls.

I am a place in the web browser where you type a URL.

I am a type of address that helps open a website.

I am a good person who takes steps to protect myself and others.

I am the act of saying rude things over the internet.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

The internet helps us shop online to buy clothes, toys, books, etc.

Google is a search engine.

Email is a way to call other people over the internet.

Microsoft Edge is a web browser.

If someone says rude things to you online, it is called cyberbullying.

E. Answer the Following. 1

Why do we use email?

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Write the names of any two popular search engines.

What happens when we spend a lot of time on the internet?

What is URL?

What should you do if you end up opening a wrong website by mistake?

F. Apply Your Learning. 1

Chirag is playing online games with friends on a website. What helped him play games online?

Sandhya shared her school’s name with a stranger over the internet. Was it a good thing to do? Give your reason.

Sree wants to look up information for a school project. What can help her find the information?

Sheetal wants to know about space and planets. She found the web addresses of a few websites. What should she use to open the websites?

Simran is using the internet the whole day. What should you suggest to her?

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In this chapter, we will get on with the exciting adventures with AI (Artificial Intelligence) friends. AI is like having a friend who can help you with various tasks and even play games with you. Let’s start by understanding what AI is and exploring the adventures associated with it.

What is AI? AI stands for Artificial Intelligence, which means the machines that can think and learn like humans. “Artificial Intelligence is like having a smart friend in the form of a computer or a robot. It is a special kind of computer program that can think and learn to do different tasks, just like you learn new things in school.” For example, voice assistants like Siri and Alexa can answer your questions, play music, and help with tasks.

AI in Daily Life AI is used in many ways to help people in their daily lives. Some of the ways we use AI include: 1. Answering questions: AI can be like a smart robot that can answer questions when we talk to it, like asking about the weather or telling us a joke. 2. Playing games: AI can be our playmate in video games and board games, making games more fun and challenging. 3. Self-driving cars: Some cars make use of AI to automate driving and make decisions to keep us safe on the road. Chapter 4 • Adventures with AI Friends

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4. Suggesting movies and music: AI can recommend movies or music based on what we have enjoyed before.

5. Learning and drawing: AI can learn how to draw pictures or even help us learn new things.

AI Gadgets AI appliances are like smart helpers in our homes. They are special machines that can think and make our lives easier.

AI in Appliances 1. Smart refrigerator: This magical refrigerator can keep track of the food inside and tell you when you are running out of your favourite snacks. It can even suggest yummy recipes to cook your favourite dishes. 2. Robot vacuum cleaners: Robotic vacuum cleaners help you clean; they can roam around your home all by themselves. You can even give them a name. 3. Voice assistant: You can talk to a friendly AI on your tablet or smart speaker. It can answer questions, play your favourite songs, and tell you jokes. 4. Smart lights: These special lights can change colours, and you can tell them to turn on or off with your voice or a remote control. 5. Smart doorbell: This doorbell can show you who is at your front door on your phone. You can even talk to them without opening the door. 58

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AI in Toys 1. Cubby, the curious bear: Cubby the Bear is a plush AI toy that can interact, play games, and tell stories. 2. Loona, the AI pet: Loona is a virtual pet with AI capabilities that needs care and attention. She walks with you and also understands your gestures. Loona is a pet to whom you can teach anything, and she will learn it eagerly. 3. Playful robot—Cozmo: It is a robot with a big brain and an even bigger personality. You can play games with him and see through his eyes. He is also able to recognise people as well as pets. He roams around and interacts with the environment.

Explore More!

Do you want to draw and describe the exciting things you and your AI pet could do together! Scan here to find out!

Do It Yourself 9A Discuss with your parents how AI could be used to make life easier and write it on an A4 size sheet. You can also paste pictures to express your thoughts.

1 2

experiences.

interact with AI Pet, Cubby the Bear or another AI toy, and share your

Points to Remember 1 2 3

AI stands for Artificial Intelligence, which means machines that can think and learn like humans.

Some of the ways we use AI include: answering questions, playing games, selfdriving cars, etc. Examples of AI appliances are: smart refrigerator, robot vacuum cleaner, voice assistant, etc.

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4 5 6

Cubby the Bear is an AI plush toy that can interact, play games, and tell stories. Loona is a virtual pet with AI capabilities that needs care and attention.

Cozmo is a playful robot with a big brain and an even bigger personality.

Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

fun

recipes

Loona

is an example of a smart assistant.

AI can help answer questions and make games more

The magical refrigerator can suggest yummy that it has.

Siri

. with the ingredients

is a virtual pet with AI capabilities.

B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

What does AI stand for? a

Awesome Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Advanced Invention

Amazing Invention

How can AI help in daily life? a

By giving food recipes

By playing music

By answering questions and playing games

All of these

Which AI gadget can help you see who is at your front door? a

Smart Lights

b Robot Vacuum

Smart Doorbell

Cleaner

Voice Assistant

is the AI toy that can interact and tell stories.

4 a

Loona—The AI Pet

b Cubby, the Curious

Playful Robot—Cozmo

d Robot Vacuum

Bear

Cleaner

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C. Who Am I? 1

I am a special light that can change colours and you can tell me to turn on or off with your voice.

I am a special machine that can clean your home without your help. You can even give me a name.

I am a plush AI toy that can interact, play games, and tell stories.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

AI can be your playmate in video games and board games.

A smart refrigerator can suggest yummy recipes when you are hungry.

Smart lights can turn on or off with a remote control.

Robotic vacuum cleaners help you clean.

Self-driving cars make use of AI to make decisions to keep us safe on the road.

E. Answer the Following. 1

How does AI make daily life more fun and easier?

What are self-driving cars?

Name one smart gadget in your home that uses AI and explain how it is helpful in your daily life.

F. Apply Your Learning. 1

Yashi is traveling by road. Suddenly, she sees a car that is driving all by itself, as it does not have a driver. Which technology is the car using?

Prabhav has a smart device to which he asks various questions. The smart device even plays music on command. What smart device can it be?

Amita visits her friend Sakshi. There, Amita finds that her friend Sakshi has a robot-like device that can clean the floors of her house all by itself. Name this robot-like device.

Chapter 4 • Adventures with AI Friends

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Grade 3 Block Coding III_Ch01.indd 62

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Introduction to Coding

What Is Coding?

Hello students! Let us do an activity of drawing the face of a dog. Follow the given steps:

You have just drawn the face of a dog by following a series of steps. In your daily life, your teachers and parents ask you to do some work by following various steps. In a similar manner, computers also need step-by-step commands to work. These commands are called instructions. A set of instructions is called a program. To write a program, you need to learn a special language that a computer can understand. The languages that are used to write programs are called programming languages or coding languages. Sometimes, a program is also called code.

We can code a computer to make it do various tasks for us. Additionally, learning coding helps us to: 1 2

think and ask questions. understand problems.

Did You Know? In 2003, MIT introduced the first block coding language.

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think of solutions.

break down a big problem into small parts to solve it easily.

4 6 7

solve problems in many ways.

learn how to decide what to do in various situations. learn how to decide when to do a task.

Block-based Coding

You can use coding language to write the commands for a computer. Some coding languages use blocks to give commands to the computer. These coding languages are called block-based coding languages.

Block-based coding is visual programming. In this type of coding, you use colourful blocks. These colourful blocks are instructions. You use them to make a computer do a task.

Uses of Block-based Coding Languages Using block-based coding, you can: 1

easily remember colour-coded code blocks.

code without worrying about the rules of a language.

2 4 5

code using a simple drag-and-drop method. learn to code while having fun.

be creative by making digital cards or apps.

Think and Tell In which other game, can you join the blocks together to play?

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Algorithm

Think about the steps that you can follow to get ready for school. 1

Wake up.

Have breakfast.

2 4

Brush your teeth. Ready for school.

Wake up.

Brush your teeth.

Have breakfast.

Get ready for school.

If you notice, you will see that even for getting ready for school, you follow a number of steps, one after the other. Similarly, in coding, when we give more than one command in an order, it is called a sequence. You can think of a task to be done as a problem to be solved. So, in the given example, getting ready for school is the problem. The steps you follow in an order are the solution to this problem. The set of steps that you follow to solve a specific problem is called an algorithm. Algorithms help you break down a big problem into small parts to make it easy to solve. Let us see the algorithm to grow a plant. 1 2

Start.

Take a pot and fill it with soil.

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Put the seed in the soil.

After some time, it flowers.

4 6 7

With proper amount of sunlight and water, the plant sprouts. The plant bears fruit. Stop.

Soil

Seed

Sprout

Flower

Fruit

This sequence cannot be changed. The seed will not grow into the plant if the sequence is not followed. So, in algorithms, it is important to follow a sequence to reach the solution of the problem.

Do It Yourself 1A Number the pictures below in the correct sequence.

Pupa

Butterfly

Eggs

Caterpillar

Exploring Code.org

In this book, you will learn block-based coding using a platform called Code.org. Let us explore the platform. 1

Visit the link: https://studio.code.org with the help of your teacher or parents.

A screen similar to the following one appears.

You can sign in or create a new account on the platform.

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4 2 1

The main parts of the studio.code.org platform window are: 1

Play Area: The area where you can see things happening.

Toolbox: The area that holds all the code blocks, which you can use to give 2 commands. It is also known as Blocks panel. Workspace: The area where you can drag and attach the blocks together to 3 make things happen. 4 Instructions: The hints that help you know what to do next.

Sprite

We all enjoy listening to stories. But do you know how stories are created? A story is made up of many parts, such as: 1 Characters: People, animals or things in the story 2

Problem: Something that needs to be done or solved

Events: When and what happens

Setting: The place where the story happens

You can use a block-based coding language to create interesting stories with various characters. The characters that are used to make stories in a block-based coding language are called sprites. You can: • change the costume, location or colour of a sprite. • add and control the behaviour of a sprite. The behaviour of a sprite is how it interacts with other sprites or with the user. Let us now learn how to make a sprite in Code.org. Chapter 1 • Introduction to Coding

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Visiting the Sprite Lab

The Sprite Lab is where you can create your own stories and apps. You can add sprites that can perform some actions and interact with each other.

When you click the Sprite Lab option on the Code.org platform, the following screen appears.

Play Area

Toolbox

Workspace

The components of the Sprite Lab are as follows: 1

Play Area: Where the story runs.

Workspace: Where you code by dragging blocks from Toolbox.

Toolbox: Holds the blocks needed to create the project.

Let us now use sprite lab to create a sprite.

Making a Sprite

Using the Sprite Lab, you can make a sprite, add a behaviour to it, change its size, change its position, and do many more actions. Let us first start our project of making a sprite.

In the Blocks panel, the Sprites category has blocks related to creating sprites, changing their costumes, moving them, and performing other actions. 1

Click the Sprites category and then select the make new sprite at block.

2 Drag it to the workspace and place below the when run block. The when run block is always present in the workspace, by default. This block makes 68

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your project run. The blocks snapped together with the when run block are played when the project is played.

You can observe a default rabbit sprite in the 3 make new sprite at block.

4 The make new sprite at block has the location (200, 200) block snapped to it. This block tells the current position of the sprite in the play area. You will hear a pop sound when you join the make new sprite at block below the when run block. 5 You can see the rabbit sprite that you selected in the play area.

Choosing Another Sprite

1 Instead of the rabbit sprite, you can choose a new sprite from the drop-down menu of the make new sprite at block by clicking the arrow, as shown. 2 If you cannot find the required sprite according to your project, then click the Costumes button at the end of the sprites list.

3 A new window under the Costumes tab opens, as shown.

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Click the New Costume button.

Click any category of your choice, for example, Food.

5 The Costumes Library opens as follows. The Costumes Library is the in-built library that contains various related groups of sprites.

You will see several sprites related to food appear in the library.

8 Click any sprite of your choice, for example, Egg, and then click the Done button.

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9 The Egg sprite appears under the Costumes tab.

10 Go back to the Code window and click the drop-down arrow of the make a sprite at block. You will see the newly added sprite in the Sprites list. 11 You can select this sprite and add it to your project.

Changing the Size of a Sprite

To change the size of a sprite, the set size to block is used. This block is present in the Sprites category in the Toolbox. Let us increase the size of the rabbit sprite. 1

Go to the Sprites block category and drag the change size to block.

2 Join the change size by block with the make new sprite at block of the previous code.

3 Click inside the text area of the change size by block and then change its value from 10 to 100.

The size of the rabbit sprite is increased.

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Do It Yourself 1B Match the component with its function. make new sprite at block

Plays the project

change size by block

Creates a new sprite

Costumes library

Changes the size of the sprite

when run block

Contains a group of sprites

Setting the Background

Backgrounds provide a meaningful context to your story. You can set a background for your project by using the blocks provided under the World category of blocks in Toolbox. To set the background: 1 2

Go to the Toolbox and then click the World category.

Drag the set background to block to below the change size by block.

Click the drop-down arrow of the set background to block and then select 3 the background of your choice, such as the park background.

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The first scene is set, as shown in the image.

Changing the Background

You can change the background to a different one by clicking the down arrow of the set background to block. Follow the given steps: 1 2

Click the down arrow of the set background to block.

A list of backgrounds appears. You can select any background that you like.

3 You can also click the Backgrounds button provided at the end of the list of backgrounds. 4

A new window opens under the Backgrounds tab, as shown below:

Click the New Background option.

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An in-built library of backgrounds opens.

7 Select any background of your choice and then select from the down arrow of the set background to block. 8

The selected background is applied to your project.

Do It Yourself 1C Create a Desert scene.

Set the background as Desert.

Make a sprite of your choice in the desert area.

Adding Behaviours A behaviour of a sprite defines an action that a sprite can perform. For example, you can make a sprite move, shrink, grow, flutter, wander, and so on. For making a sprite perform an action, various blocks are available under the Behaviors category in Toolbox. Let us see how you can define a behaviour for a sprite in the project that you created in the previous sections. To add a behaviour for the rabbit sprite:

1 Click the Behaviors category in the Toolbox.

2 The drawer containing the blocks related to Behaviors opens. 74

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3 Drag the sprite begins block to below the set background to block, as shown. 4 Click the Behaviors category again.

5 Drag the growing block and drop it in the groove of the sprite begins block.

Click the Run button in the play area.

7 You can see the sprite growing in the play area.

8 To stop the sprite from growing, you can click the Pause button.

Pause Button

Events

What happens when you turn on the switch of a bulb? The bulb turns on. Similarly, when you turn off the switch, the bulb turns off.

What can you learn from it? Turning the switch on is an event, and turning on of the bulb is an action. So, an event can be defined as something that brings about an action or a change. Chapter 1 • Introduction to Coding

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TURN ON

TURN OFF

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Final Project

Now, let us read about the life cycle of a butterfly step by step. Egg: The egg is the first 1 stage. The egg hatches into a caterpillar. Caterpillar: The caterpillar 2 feeds on leaves. After a few weeks, it hangs upside down to form a pupa. Pupa: The pupa is the shell 3 inside which the caterpillar turns into a butterfly.

Butterfly: Again, the butterfly 4 lays eggs and the process continues. We will follow an algorithm to create the life cycle of a butterfly in Sprite Lab. Now, think about the following to create an algorithm: • •

What do you need to do to set the scene? What happens in the scene?

Setting: Background

Algorithm to Set Up the Scene 1

Start.

Add the egg sprite.

Characters: Sprites

Set the background to park.

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4 5

Set the position of the egg sprite. Stop.

Creating the Project

Follow the given steps to create the project: 1

Click the World category in Toolbox.

2 Drag the set background to block under the when run code block in Workspace.

Select the background by clicking the set background to drop-down button. 3 Select the park background.

To select the sprite, click the Sprites category in Toolbox. 4

Chapter 1 • Introduction to Coding

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Click and drag the make new sprite at block.

6 Click the make new sprite at block drop-down and then select egg from the list of sprites.

Drop-down Egg sprite

Place the egg at a specific location. Click the Location icon, as shown in the 7 picture below.

8 Move the cursor in the play area to change the location of the sprite. Click where you want to place the sprite.

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Now, let us see how to proceed for the project. 1 2

You will click egg. This is an event.

Egg will change into a caterpillar. This is an action or change.

3 Similarly, when you will click the caterpillar, it will change into a pupa and then the pupa will change into a butterfly.

Let us perform all these actions.

Follow the given steps to do this activity now. 1

Click the Events category in Toolbox.

Drag the when clicked block from the Events drawer to inside the workspace.

3 Change the sprite from rabbit to egg by clicking the drop-down arrow of the block.

4 Now, from the Sprites category in Toolbox, drag the change costume to block and join it with the when clicked block.

Chapter 1 • Introduction to Coding

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Change the sprites’ image by using the drop-down arrows.

6 Similarly, from caterpillar to pupa and pupa to butterfly, repeat the same process, as shown here:

Setting the Wandering Behaviour of the Butterfly 1

Let us set the wandering behaviour of the butterfly.

2 Drag the sprite begins block from the Behaviors category and join it with the change costume to block of the butterfly. 3 From the Behaviors category in Toolbox, drag the wandering behaviour and attach it to the sprite begins block, as shown.

Now, click on the Run button in the play area and see your project in action.

The project of the butterfly life cycle is complete now.

Chapter Checkup A

Fill in the Blanks. Hints 1 A 2

small

machine

sprite

event

visual

cannot understand your language.

You can break down a big problem into

parts to solve it easily.

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Block-based coding is

A character in coding is called a

programming. .

brings about an action or a change.

Tick () the Correct Option. 1

is an educational platform where we learn to code.

Code.org

Code.or

Org.code

Or.code

2 A

is an instruction given to a computer to do something.

Visual

Coding

Command

Problems

is the place where a story runs.

3 a

Workspace

Sprite lab

Play area

Toolbox

4 The set of steps we follow to solve a specific problem is called a

a Sequence

a Command

a Coding

an Algorithm

is where you can create your own stories and apps.

Science Lab

Sprite Lab

Laboratory

Make a Sprite

Who Am I? 1 I am a character in the project in block coding. 2

I am the place where a story happens.

3 I am the area where you will create a code by dragging blocks from Toolbox. 4

You can click me to see the sprites in action.

I am something that brings about an action or a change.

Chapter 1 • Introduction to Coding

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Write T for True and F for False. 1

Using block-based coding, we can code using a simple drag-and-drop method.

2 There are four main elements that make up a story. 3

You cannot change the costume of a sprite.

4 You cannot set the size before making a sprite. 5 The algorithm does not produce a result if the sequence of steps is not followed. E

Answer the Following. 1

What is coding?

Name the elements that make up a story.

Define Toolbox.

What do you mean by a sequence?

Write the names of stages involved in the life cycle of a butterfly.

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Apply Your Learning. 1 Write the correct sequence to eat an apple.

2 Write the correct sequence to prepare the sandwich.

3 Look at the given patterns and complete the sequence in the following pictures.

Chapter 1 • Introduction to Coding

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Loops

Repeating Actions

Think about the way you walk. You move one foot forward and then the other. You continue walking in the same manner. We can call this a loop. A loop is an action of doing something over and over again. What will happen if you never stop walking? You will pass your destination and you will get very tired. It is important to know when to stop doing something.

Do It Yourself 2A Tick () the picture that does not show an example of a loop.

Drumming

Burning Candle

Playing Football

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Repeat Loops

What is easier to say—”Jump 4 times” or “Jump, jump, jump, jump”?

Repeat Loop

It will take us more time and energy to say “jump, jump, jump, jump”. Instead, we can just say “jump 4 times”. Thus, in this is where we are using a loop. By using the repeat loop, our code becomes shorter. The repeat loop is used when we want to repeat a task a certain number of times. A good programmer always tries to use a loop to make their code as short as possible.

Using Repeat Loop

Let us build a program to make the character draw the given wave.

Think of the direction you would have to take to make each wave.

o make one wave, follow the arrows in the image and enter the following T code.

Chapter 2 • Loops

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o create three waves, we need to repeat the process T three times. So, here we will use the repeat block.

Do It Yourself 2B Consider the angry bird moves only one step forward. How many times should the loop repeat to make the angry bird reach the pig? Write the number in the space provided.

Variables in Block Coding

Suppose, your mother surprises you with a gift box. You open the box to see what’s inside. It’s full of your favourite chocolates!

If you look closely, you’ll notice that the box is a container to store chocolates. Here, the box is simply a variable having chocolates as the value assigned to it.

Chocolates

Box

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You can change the value of the variable to something else. For example, instead of chocolates, you can put cookies inside the box.

Now, if we have to label our box as “Chocolate” and fill it with your favourite chocolate, let’s say a KitKat, inside it, in programming terms, “Chocolate” is the variable name and KitKat is the value.

Rules of Naming a Variable

There are some rules to follow while naming a variable, just as you wouldn’t name a basket of chocolates “Fruits Basket.” •

Names can contain letters, digits, and underscores(_).

•

Names are case-sensitive: “Chocolate” and “chocolate” are two different names.

•

Names cannot contain blank spaces.

•

Variable names can also begin with an underscore.

A few examples of valid variable names are Name, MyName, _name, and my_name.

Creating a Variable 1 2 3

rag the set i to block from the Variables category and keep it in the D workspace.

lick on the drop-down arrow of this block and select Rename this variable C option. new dialog box will open. Type a new name in the New variable name text A box, for example, “score” and click on Create.

Chapter 2 • Loops

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The for Loop

Suppose you have to skip 10 times.

How will you do it? You count your first skip as 1, second as 2, and so on. You will count till you have skipped 10 times and then you stop. You already know when to start, when to count, and when to stop. This is exactly how a for loop works. There is an interval in every for loop.

In this case, the interval is equal to 1. As every time you skip, the count is increased by 1. The for loop is a loop with a known beginning, end, and interval.

Parts of the for Loop

A for loop has three parts: 1 Start 2 End

Interval 3

The for loop has all the 3 parts in a single line of code. Look at the circled numbers and find the interval. Starting value: 4

Ending value: 20

Interval: ?

Here, you can see that the circled numbers are 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20.

To find the interval, you can subtract the consecutive circled numbers. Hence,

8−4=4 12 − 8 = 4 16 − 12 = 4 20 − 16 = 4

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It shows that 4 is the difference in each case, hence the interval is 4. Starting value: 4

Ending value: 20

Interval: 4

Do It Yourself 2C 1 Find the Interval by looking at the circled numbers. Starting value: 0

Ending value: 18

Interval: ?

Ending value: 14

Interval: ?

2 Find the ending and the interval. Starting value: 7

Using for Loops

As you know, it is important to know when to end a loop.

Starting value of the counter

Value which keeps on changing as we add the interval

Ending value of the counter

Value we need to add to the counter each time as an interval

Here, the counter is like a score in a game; it keeps on changing as you score. Let’s make a project called “Catch the Ghost” using a for loop. Chapter 2 • Loops

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1 Change the background to park, create a new sprite plane, and set the plane’s size to 70.

2 Add an event of clicking the plane, and then add a behaviour of wandering. Create a new sprite called Ghost and place it in a random location.

3 Now, when the plane touches the ghost, the ghost disappears and coins are awarded. Let us use a for loop for this. Select the for loop and set the counter.

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4 We need to think about what should happen and when. Take a look at the following: a

A for loop should count till 3.

Add a behaviour of the new coin sprite.

b d e f

Make a new coin sprite.

Make another coin sprite.

Add a behaviour of the second coin sprite. Remove the ghost sprite.

With these steps, we will set up the scene and reward coins when the plane touches the ghost. 5 Select an event and join the for loop, set the counter of the for loop to 3.

Add new coin sprite, set the 6 size, and add behaviour. Repeat this twice. At last, remove the ghost. Your project is ready!

Think and Tell How many coins will be created in the play area after the for loop runs? Hint: 2 coins are created for every counter.

Chapter 2 • Loops

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Chapter Checkup A

Fill in the Blanks. programmer

Hints 1 The

2 A good

always tries to use a loop to make their code as short as

possible.

names cannot contain blank spaces.

Tick () the Correct Option. loop is a loop with a known beginning, end, and interval.

repeat

for

nested

while

What does a loop do in programming?

Repeats a set of instructions

Deletes data from the computer

Plays music on the computer

Create drawing on the computer. is the first component of a for loop.

Start

Stop

End

Pause

repeat

loop is used when we want to repeat a task a certain number of

times.

variable

Answer the Following. 1

Define a loop.

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Name the three things that are need to make a for loop.

Apply Your Learning. 1

Tick () the task that can be done continuously in a loop.

Draw the following patterns to complete the loops.

Chapter 2 • Loops

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