CS_G2_Block-Coding-II_AY24

Computer Science

Introduction to Coding 1

Can you understand the words in the talk bubbles in the given picture?

Can you understand the words in the talk bubbles in this picture too?

Yes!

This means you know English.

No!

This is because you may not know all these languages.

We must know the same language to talk to each other. You would have seen this machine.

This is a computer. It can help us do a lot of things. We can draw pictures, play games, watch films, and more.

To make a computer let us do these things, we need to learn how to talk to it.

Computers cannot understand our words like people do.

We have to learn their language. That is what coding is.

Coding is the language used to talk to a computer.

The coding language that we will learn is called Block-based Coding.

Block-based Coding

Block-based coding is a way to tell a computer what to do by putting colourful blocks on top of each other.

Let us learn about the platform that we will use to code and have fun.

About Code.org

Code.org is a fun coding platform where you can learn to use colourful blocks to make characters move, play games, and even tell stories.

It is a place where you can grow your coding skills and create amazing things, using your imagination.

Before we learn to use this platform, let us learn about commands.

Command

Look at the given picture.

What is the instruction here?

You are correct! The instruction is to jump. For computers, an instruction is called a command.

A command is an instruction that tells a computer what to do.

In block-based programming, we use code blocks to give commands to a computer.

Did You Know?

Just like we join lego blocks, we can place a code block on top of another.

Discuss What instructions can you give to your pet?

Did You Know?

In block-based coding, the blocks can be of different colours, like crayons.

Sequence

We all follow a routine in our daily lives.

The pictures below show the steps to get ready for school in an order.

Just like this, we do a lot of tasks in our daily lives. A task is a piece of work that needs to be done.

It can be as simple as brushing our teeth or as fun as playing with our toys. We follow a particular sequence to do a task.

A sequence is when we do things step by step in an order.

1  Wake up 2 Brush your teeth

3 Take a bath

4  Wear your uniform

5 Have your breakfast

6 Ready for School

Tick the correct options for the missing steps in the pictures given below.

Algorithm

A problem is like a puzzle that needs to be solved. There can be more than one way to solve a problem. Each way has some steps to be followed to solve it.

The set of steps in an order to solve a problem is called an Algorithm.

In the picture, getting ready for school is the problem. And, the steps given in order are the solution.

Think and Tell

Can we have more than one way to solve a problem?

Did You Know?

Some algorithms have fun names, like Hummingbird, Bat, Firefly, and Grey Wolf. You can give your algorithm a name too.

Sometimes problems can be too big to solve. But we can break them down into smaller ones to solve them easily. Let us talk about making a sandwich.

Making a sandwich may seem like a big problem. But we can solve it easily by breaking it into smaller ones, like gathering all the things we need for the sandwich and cutting the cheese and veggies. When we are ready with all that we need, we can follow the given steps to make a sandwich.

Add some toppings.

Similar to how we solved the problem of making a sandwich, we can solve many problems in coding by putting the code blocks in a sequence.

Now, look at the given picture.

We need to help the bird reach the pig. We can do this by putting code blocks on top of each other in an order.

Let us see how we can make the bird reach the pig.

Take two slices of bread. 1

Put cheese on a slice.

Put the other slice on the top and the sandwich is ready.

The W block will make the bird move one step left.

The S block will make the bird move one step down. These blocks are called direction blocks as they are named after the four main directions: North, South, East, and West.

Do It Yourself 1B

1 Think of the story of Little Red Riding Hood. Then, number the given pictures in the correct sequence.

Think and

Tell

2 Tick () the correct sequences.

Tour to Puzzle Code Studio

The Puzzle Code Studio on Code.org is the playground where we code to solve the given puzzles.

There are four important parts:

Play Area : The area where we can see things happening.

Toolbox : The area that holds all the code blocks which we can use to give commands.

Workspace : The area where we can drag and attach the blocks together to make things happen.

Instructions : The hints that help us know what to do next.

Let us say we need to help the harvester pick the corn.

What do you think? How many ways can we make the harvester pick the corn?

We can make the harvester pick the corn in many ways.

Fixed Sequence

As there is more than one way.

This means we may have one way or many ways to do a task.

A sequence can be a:

Fixed sequence : There is only one way to do the task.

Flexible sequence : There can be more than one way to do the task.

Let us take another example.

Observe the given picture and find out what type of sequence is this.

Discuss

Making your bed! Is it a fixed sequence or a flexible sequence?

There is only one way to make the harvester pick the corn. So this is a fixed sequence.

Coding Challenge

Fixed Sequence

As there is only one way to pick corn.

Scan the QR Code to open the activity.

Chapter Checkup

A Fill in the Blanks.

Hints coding  play area  sequence   command   flexible

1 is the language used to talk to a computer.

2 We can give a to a computer to do a task.

3 A is when we do things step-by-step in an order.

4 In a sequence, we can do a task in more than one way.

5 The is the area where we can see things happening.

B Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which of the following statements is True?

a In block-based coding, a code block is a command.

b Coding lets us talk to computers.

c We can use coding to talk to people.

d We can command our pets using coding.

2 The set of steps in order to solve a problem is called a/an .

a Sequence

c Algorithm

b Command

d All of these

3 Identify the section shown in the given picture.

a Toolbox

b Workspace

c Play Area

d Instruction

4 Which block can help us move a character up?

of these

5 Which of the following codes will make the bird reach the pig?

C Who Am I?

What I Do?

Who Am I?

Move the character downward Sequence

Move the character to the right Coding

An ordered group of commands

A coloured picture that tells the computer what to do

A language that helps you talk to a computer

D Write T for True and F for False.

1 Using coding, we cannot talk to a computer.

2 A sequence is an instruction.

3 There is a sequence to everything happening around us.

4 In a fixed sequence, we can do the task in more than one way.

5 The toolbox has all the blocks we need for coding.

Code block

E Answer the Following.

1 What is a command?

2 What are the types of sequences?

3 Number the pictures in the correct order.

4 Label the parts of the screen.

5 Find out where the cat will reach if it follows the given commands.

F Apply Your Learning.

Write down the commands in the given spaces to help the squirrel reach the nut.

Just like the one you see here.

when run

Write down the commands for two ways to make the squirrel reach the nuts.

Introduction to Sprite 2

We all enjoy listening to stories. But do you know how stories are created? A story is made up of various elements, such as:

1. Characters : People, animals, or things in the story

2. Problem : Something that needs to be done or solved

3. Setting : The place where the story happens

4. Events : When and what happens

We can use block-based coding to make stories.

Let us make a story about an astronaut going on a space adventure.

An astronaut is a person who travels in space to do experiments and explore space.

But before we begin, we should find out the elements of our story.

Who will be the main character in the story?

Correct! The astronaut will be the main character in our story.

A character in coding is called a Sprite.

So, the astronaut will be the main sprite in the story.

Now, what does an astronaut need to travel in space?

Yes! An astronaut needs a rocket to travel.

In coding, any other character or thing in the story is also called a sprite. So the rocket will be another sprite in our story.

Where should the journey of the astronaut begin?

From the Earth, Right!

And where is the astronaut travelling to? Mars, the red planet!

Do It Yourself 2A

1 Name the characters in the given picture from the story Hansel and Gretel.

2 Write down the number of sprites shown in the given pictures.

Sprite Lab

Now, let us learn about the tool from code.org that we will use to make our story project.

It is called Sprite Lab.

A Sprite Lab is where we can create our own stories and games.

The Sprite Lab has three parts:

1. Play Area : The area where we can see things happening.

2. Toolbox : The area that holds all the code blocks and which we can use to give commands.

3. Workspace : The area where we can drag and attach the blocks together to make things happen.

Creating a Scene

It is time to make scenes for the exciting journey of the astronaut in Sprite Lab. We will have two scenes: one for the start of the story and another for reaching Mars.

Let us begin with the first scene.

Who will be the characters?

Where will the scene happen?

Characters: Sprites

Setting: Background

Now, let us find the steps to create the first scene in the Sprite Lab.

Algorithm to Setup the First Scene

1 Set the background to a park.

3 Set the size of the astronaut sprite.

5 Set the size of the rocket sprite.

2 Add the astronaut sprite.

4 Add the rocket as the second sprite.

Now, let us follow the algorithm to code the first scene. Steps to code the first scene:

1 Set the background to a park.

Go to the world section.

Find the “set background to“ block.

Set the background.

1. Drag the set background block.

1. Click the drop-down button.

2. Select Backgrounds. d 18 CO24CB0202_P1.indd 18 9/26/2023 10:31:38 AM

Add the park background.

1. Click the plus sign.

2. Scroll down to choose the park background.

2 Add the astronaut sprite.

Go to the Sprites section.

Find the “make new sprite at” code block.

Click and drag the make new sprite at code block.

Open Costumes.

1. Click the drop-down button in the make new sprite at code block.

Click Costumes Click

1. Select the astronaut sprite.

2. Click the Done button. 20 CO24CB0202_P1.indd 20 9/26/2023 10:31:40 AM

Move to the Code window. g

1. Click the Code tab.

1. Click the astronaut sprite. Select the sprite. h

Position the astronaut.

1. Click the location icon to change the position of the astronaut. (56, 83)

2. Move cursor in the Play Area.

3. Click where you want to place it.

3 Set the size of the astronaut sprite. Go to the Sprites section. a

Find the “set size to“ code block. b

1. Go to the Sprites section in Toolbox.

2. Click and drag the set size to code block.

Set the size of the astronaut Sprite. c

1. Click the drop-down in the set size to block.

2. Select the astronaut sprite.

3. Change the value of size to 100.

4

Add the rocket sprite.

Get another “make new sprite at“ code block. a

1. Go to the Sprites section in the Toolbox.

2. Click and drag the make new sprite at code block.

Add Rocket sprite.

1. Click the drop-down in the make new sprite at code block.

2. Select rocket from the list of sprites. Place the rocket where you want it.

Find the “set size to“ code block. c

1. Go to the Sprites section in the Toolbox.

Set the size of the rocket sprite. a

1. Click the drop-down and select rocket sprite.

2. Change the value of the size to 200.

Our first scene setup is done. Now, we will add the moving behaviour of the astronaut.

Adding Behavior

Adding Behavior means telling our sprites what to do when we press the Run button.

Here, we need to make our astronaut sprite move to the right to reach the rocket.

Find the “Sprite begins“ code block.

Go to the Behaviors section in the Toolbox.

Set the “Sprite begins“ code block. 2

1. Drag the sprite begins code block.

2. Attach it below the size block of the rocket sprite.

3. Select the astronaut sprite.

Find the “moving east“ code block.

1. Go to the Behaviors section.

Drag the moving east code block next to . begins

sprite

4 Chapter 2 • Introduction to Sprite 23 CO24CB0202_P1.indd 23 9/26/2023 10:31:43 AM

Try Your Code

Click the Run button in the Play Area.

Think and Tell

How can we make the sprite go left?

Chapter Checkup

A Fill in the Blanks.

Hints location  sprite  behavior  size  four

1 There are main elements that make up a story.

2 A character in coding is known as a .

3 You can change the of a sprite to place it anywhere in the play area.

4 You can change the of a sprite to make it big or small.

5 You can add and control the of a sprite.

B Tick () the Correct Option.

1 How many sprites are there in the picture given below?

2 Which block can be used to change the costume of a sprite? a

3 Sprites can be created with the help of which block? a b

d

4 Which block can change the size of a sprite?

5 Choose the correct sequence of how we set up the first scene.

C Who Am I?

Identify and name the highlighted parts in the given pictures.

D Write T for True and F for False.

1 We need to set the location of a sprite before we make it.

2 You can change the outfit of a sprite.

3 Sprites can touch each other.

4 You cannot add multiple sprites to a scene.

5 You cannot change the size of a sprite.

E Answer the Following.

1 What is a sprite?

2 What does this button do?

3 Which option will show this sprite in the play area?

4 Which option will be shown for the given code?

5 To what side will the sprite move with the given code?

a Left b Right

F Apply Your Learning.

1 Name the blocks in the given space to see this in the play area.

2 Observe the play area.

Name the missing block in the given code.

3 Name the missing part in the set block to get the change shown in the purple rabbit.

1

Events and Actions

What happens when someone tickles you? You laugh. Right?

Here, tickling is an event and laughing is an action.

An event tells you when an action will happen.

What will you do when you are hungry?

Event

You will eat food. Right?

Here, being hungry is an event and eating food is an action.

Think and Tell

Are mouse clicks and keypress events too?

Events are important in coding too!

In a car game, we can make the car go left or right, using arrows.

Clicking the arrows is the event.

The car moving to the left or right is the action that happens!

Now it is time to complete our astronaut story.

Do you remember what the astronaut wants?

The astronaut wants to go to the planet Mars for space exploration.

We had set up our first scene in the previous chapter.

Now, we need to add code for the second scene.

The second scene is where the astronaut will reach the planet Mars.

When will the astronaut reach the planet Mars?

The astronaut will reach the planet Mars when it touches the rocket.

Here, touching the rocket is the event.

The astronaut reaching the planet Mars is the action.

Discuss

What events and actions happen around us every day?

Event

When astronaut touches the rocket

Action

1. Change the costume of the astronaut

2. Stop moving the astronaut

We can even change the costume of the astronaut into another to show the victory. A costume has the appearance of a sprite.

Do It Yourself 3A

1 Match the correct event and action pairs.

Setting Up the Second Scene

Let us define the event to set up the second scene.

1 Set the event - when the astronaut touches the rocket.

Go to Events. a

Find the when touches block. b

Add it to Workspace. c

Drag and drop the when touches event block below the code we made last time.

Change the sprites. d

1. Change the rabbit sprite to the astronaut.

2. Change the carrot sprite to the rocket.

2 Change the costume of the sprite.

Find the “change costume to“ block. a

1. Go to the Sprites section.

2. Scroll down to find the change costume to code block.

Attach it to the “when touches” block. b

Drag and drop it below the when touches Event block.

Set the costume. c

1. Change the purple rabbit to the first costume of the astronaut.

2. Change the brown rabbit to the second costume of the astronaut

3 Stop moving the astronaut when it touches the rocket.

Add the sprite stops code block. a

1. Go to Behaviors.

2. Drag the sprite stops code block.

3. Drop it below the change costume to code block.

Find the moving east block. b

1. Scroll down and look for moving east code block.

Drag and drop it to stops section. Set the moving east block. c

Try

Code

Chapter Checkup

A Fill in the Blanks. Hints

1 Clicking the Run button to try the game is an .

2 Laughing is an for the tickling event.

3 The code block is used to add the event for sprites when sprites bump into each other.

4 A is the appearance of a sprite.

5 The block will change the costume of a sprite.

B Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which of the following statements is true about Events and Actions?

a An event tells you when an action will happen.

b An action tells you when an event will happen.

c Both actions and events will happen at the same time.

d Actions and events are both independent.

2 Choose the correct action for the given event. a b c d

3 If you press the ON button on the TV remote, what will be the action of this event?

a Your TV will turn on.

b Your TV will not turn on.

c It will change the channel.

d It will increase the volume.

4 When will the astronaut change his costume?

5 When will the background change in the story?

a At the start

b At anytime

c Not at all

d When the astronaut touches the rocket.

D Write T for True and F for False.

1 An event always comes after an action.

2 You cannot change the behaviour of a sprite.

3 The ringing of a doorbell is an action.

4 Opening the door when a doorbell rings is an example of an action.

5 The “moving east” block stops the behaviour of a sprite.

E Answer the Following.

1 What is an event?

2 What is an action?

3 What will happen if you use this block?

4 What will you see in the play area if you run the given code?

F Apply Your Learning.

1 Observe the code and the play area.

Circle the missing sprite in the given code.

2 Observe the given code.

Identify and circle the missing sprite in the given sprites.

3 Name the missing part of the given code.

4 Write down E for event and A for action in the given boxes. The teacher enters the classroom. Students say, “Good morning teacher!”.

Good morning teacher!

5 Look at the following pictures and name them as Events or Actions.

Loops 4

1

In our daily lives, we do many activities. Imagine that there are pieces of paper spread everywhere in your room. Your mother wants you to clean them up.

What if she tells you to do this for every piece?

She would have to say the same thing many times. But would it not be better if she said it just once?

In the same way, we can use a loop to tell a computer to repeat a command.

A loop is an action of doing something, again and again, until the task is complete.

In real life, while doing something, we know when to stop.

In the same way, we should know when to stop a task in coding as well.

In a loop, we need to know two things:

1 What to do?

2 When to stop?

Imagine we need to put five pieces of paper in the dustbin. Here, what we need to know is:

• What to do – pick a piece of paper and put it in the dustbin.

• When to stop – when all the five pieces are in the dustbin.

Repeat Loop

In coding, we can repeat a task a number of times using the repeat code block.

Let us see what can be the code for putting five pieces of paper in the dustbin.

Did You Know?

The repetition of words is a common way used in poetry.

The repeat loop is used when we want to repeat a task a certain number of times.

By using the repeat loop, our code has become shorter. Remember the astronaut project?

We made the astronaut change its costume when it touched the rocket. Next, we need to change the background on the same event. Then, we can add a twist to it using the repeat block.

Imagine the astronaut reaching the planet Mars.

People on Mars gather to see the astronaut.

Let us get started.

1 Change the background when the astronaut touches the rocket. Open your project. a

c

Find the “set background to” block.

1. Go to the World section.

46 CO24CB0204_P1.indd 46 9/26/2023 10:20:59 AM

1. Click the drop-down button.

Change the background to Mars. Add new background. e

Click

f Chapter 4 • Loops 47 CO24CB0204_P1.indd 47 9/26/2023 10:20:59 AM

Choose the Mars background and click the Done button. Choose the Mars background.

The background gets added to your library. Click the Code tab to set the Mars background.

Set the background. g

1. Click the drop-down button.

2. Select the Mars background.

Add repeat block. a

2 Add Mars people at random locations. Set the number of times for the repeat block. b

1. Go to the Loops section.

2. Click and drag the repeat block in the Workspace.

1. Attach the repeat block to the set background to block.

2. Change the value of number of times to 5.

This will make five green sprites and make them appear at random locations.

A random location is not a fixed place. It is like a surprise place that can be anywhere in an area. Our project is complete.

If you want, you can change the size of the green sprites using the set size code block.

1. Go to the Sprites section.

Make the Mars people sprite.

1. Go to the Locations section.

2. Click and drag the random location block.

Attach it to the make new sprite at code block.

Place the green sprite at a random location.

f

d Chapter 4 • Loops 49 CO24CB0204_P1.indd 49 9/26/2023 10:21:02 AM

1 Look at the given picture.

Which of the following codes will make the mouse reach the cheese?

Chapter Checkup

A Fill in the Blanks. Hints

1 A is an action of doing something, again and again, until the task is complete.

2 In a loop, we need to know when to .

3 The repeat loop is used when we want to repeat a task a number of times.

4 Using a repeat loop, your code will become .

5 A location is not a fixed place.

B Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which block is used to do a task a certain number of times?

2 Which code will show the given picture in the play area?

3 Which is the correct picture of the play area for the given code?

4 Which option makes the germ sprites appear, as shown in the given picture?

What I Do?

I can set or change the background as you want.

I can do a task, again and again, for a certain number of times.

I can place a sprite anywhere in the play area.

Who Am I?

C Who Am I?

1 When the given code runs, it will show the given picture in the play area.

2 The play area shows the given picture when the given code runs.

E Answer the Following.

1 How can you make your code shorter?

2 What is a loop?

3 Which of the following are real-life examples of a loop?

4 Why is reading a book not an example of loops?

F Apply Your Learning. Observe the given pictures.

Then, write down the number of times the sprites need to repeat the task to complete it.

Debugging 5

Remember when you started learning to ride a bicycle for the very first time? You might have fallen a few times, right?

In the same way, learning coding can be a little tough. In the beginning, the code may not be perfect. You may need to try many times before you get it just right. Sometimes there are tiny mistakes in the code.

The mistakes in the code are called bugs. Finding and fixing these bugs is called debugging.

Let us try to find the bugs in the given sequence of commands. Then, write the correct sequence of commands to make the character reach the pumpkin.

Let us try another example.

The crab should appear at a different place each time the code is run.

However, the given code is not doing so. Find and circle the bug in the code.

It is good to check your code often. This helps you find mistakes early and fix them before they get big.

Let us try a few more problems on debugging.

1 Look at the given picture.

What is wrong with the code?

Discuss

Why is it important to find and fix errors in computer programs?

2 When we run the code, it should show the chimpanzee as big as in the given picture.

Find out the bug in the code.

Fix it by numbering the blocks in the correct sequence.

Chapter Checkup

A Fill in the Blanks.

Hints debugging check Bugs

1 are the mistakes in the code.

2 Finding and fixing the bugs is called .

3 It is good to your code often and fix the bugs.

B Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which of these is NOT a part of debugging? a Finding

2 Find the correct sequence of steps that will make the bear reach its den.

3 What will this code show in the play area?

4 A _______ in a code can cause it to not work.

a  bug

b  problem

5 What should you do with a bug?

a  Fix it

C Who Am I?

b  Keep it

c  fault

I Do I Am

I do not let your code work.

I do a task again and again. Bugs

I do a task a certain number of times. Loop

1 I am bug in the code.

2 Finding and fixing the mistakes is called debugging.

3 A mistake in the code is a bug.

4 Debugging is finding and keeping the mistakes in the code.

E Answer the Following.

1 Circle the odd one out.

2 This picture shows what the play area looks like when the code runs. Find and circle the mistake in the code.

F Apply Your Learning.

1 Observe the picture and find out what is wrong with the code?

2 Observe the code and then the picture. Name the missing item in the given picture.

3 Observe the picture and the code. Then, circle the mistake in the code.

4 Number the blocks in the correct order to fix the code.

About the Book

This coding book is supplementary to the main “Mel n Conji” content book. This book represents a 21st-century approach to learning coding concepts and developing computational thinking and problem-solving skills. To prepare students for the digital age, the curriculum is interwoven with well-thought-out concept graduation with real-life examples and practice problems.

Special Features

• Illustrative approach: Concepts in coding and computer science are delivered through pictorial representations and learner-friendly approaches.

• Learning through real-life examples: Age-appropriate examples that enable learners to relate to the concept and learn about the unknown from the known.

• Extensive practice: Multiple practice scenarios to reinforce learnings.

• Coding Challenges: Includes projects through which learners can demonstrate their learning outcomes in coding and computer science.

About Uolo

Uolo partners with K-12 schools to bring technology-based learning programs. We believe pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 10,000 schools across India, South East Asia, and the Middle East.