8 T H B ODY, M IND
&
L IFE
C ONFERENCE NURTURING A CHILD’S MENTAL HEALTH
30 S ept - 1 Oc t 2 0 1 8 ( 2 - Da y s ) Body, M ind & Li f e De p a r t m e n t M en-Ts ee-K h a n g ( So wa Ri g p a )
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE *Speaker’s Presentation= 30 minutes / *Q & A Session= 30 minutes DAY ONE - SUN, 30 SEPT, 2018 SESSION
TIME
PROCEEDING
I
9:30 - 10:30 AM
Opening Ceremony
II
10:30 - 11:30 AM
Ayurveda - Dr. Sakshi Sharma
III
11:30 AM - 12:30 PM
Siddha Medicine - Dr. Padmapriya Ranganath
12:30 - 2:00 PM (Lunch Break) IV
2:00 - 3:00 PM
Western Medical Science - Dr. Denise McDermott 3:00 - 3:30 PM (Tea Break)
V
3:30 - 4:30 PM
Buddhist Psychology - Geshema Tenzin Lhadon
DAY TWO - MON, 1 OCT, 2018 SESSION
TIME
PROCEEDING
VI
9:15 - 10:15 AM
Tibetan Medicine - Dr. Yeshi Dorjee 10:15 - 10:30 PM (Tea Break)
VII
10:30 - 11:30 AM
Homeopathy - Dr. Subhas Singh
VIII
11:30 AM - 12:30 PM
Tibetan Astro-science - TASP Tenzin Yanki
Lunch Break (12:30 - 2:00 PM) IX
2:00 - 3:00 PM
Unani Medicine - Dr. Mohammad Anas
X
3:00- 3:45 PM
Face to Face session with the speakers 3:45 - 4:00 PM (Tea Break)
XI
4:00 - 4:30 PM
XII
4:30 PM -
Panel Discussion Closing Ceremony
8th Body, Mind & Life Conference
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ADVISORY BOARD Mr. Tashi Tsering Phuri (Director of Men-Tsee-Khang) Dr. Tsewang Tamdin (C.M.O. & Attending Physician to H.H. the 14th Dalai Lama) ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Geshe Tenpa Tashi, HOD, BML Dept. TASP Tenzin Nandak Dr. Tenzin Choying Mr. Kunkyab Pasang Ngoche, Translator Mr. Tenzin Desel, Office Secretary Ms. Dorji Thakchoe, Office Secretary CONFERENCE TRANSLATORS Dr. Namdol Lhamo Dr. Tenzin Lhundup Dr. Sonam Dolkar Oshoe Dr. Tenzin Yeshi TASP Tenzin Tsundue Mr. Kunkyab Pasang Ngoche EDITING Dr. Tenzin Choying Mr. Tenzin Desel LAYOUT & DESIGN Mr. Tenzin Desel AUDIO - VISUAL & PHOTOGRAPHY INCHARGE Mr. Tsering Paljor Mr. Kelsang Damdul Mr. Tenzin Tsepak Mr. Tenzin Thinley I
Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
INAUGURAL FUNCTION Sunday / 30 September, 2018 (9:15 – 10:30 AM)
1. 9:15 AM: All the dignitaries, guests and participants to be seated inside the auditorium. 2. 9:30 AM: Arrival of Chief Guest. 3. The auspicious butter lamp to be lighted by the Chief Guest. 4 Yuthok Soeldeb (Supplication prayer to Yuthok Yonten Gonpo) to be chanted while sweet rice and tea is served. 5. Welcome speech to the 8th Body, Mind and Life Conference to be given by Mr. Tashi Tsering Phuri, Director of Men-Tsee-Khang (Sowa-Rigpa). 6. Introductory speech for 8th Body, Mind and Life Conference to be given by Geshe Tenpa Tashi, Head of Body, Mind and Life Department. 7. The Chief Guest to address the gathering. 8. Vote of thanks speech.
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Mr. Choekyong Wangchuk, Health Minister of CTA addressing the inaugural ceremony of 5th BML Conference, 2017.(Dharamshala)
A session in progress during the 5th Body, Mind and Life Conference, 2017.(Dharamshala)
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
A souvenir being presented to the chief guest Shri V. Ranganathan by the Director of Men-Tsee-Khang at the inaugural ceremony of 6th BML Conference, 2017. (Mumbai)
A session in progess at the 6th BML Conference, 2017. (Mumbai)
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The inaugural ceremony of 7th BML Conference, 2018. (Delhi)
Participants at the 7th BML Conference, 2018. (Delhi)
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
Panel Discussion in progress at the 10-Day Course on Mental Healthcare Services 2018
Speakers and Participants with the Director of Men-Tsee-Khang, (Sowa Rigpa)
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CONTENTS 1.
Message from His Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama...................................................................1
2.
Preface......................................................................................................................................3
3. Treatment of Mental Disorders from Ayurveda Medicine Perspective....................................6 Dr. Sakshi Sharma 4. Treatment of Mental Disorders from Siddha Medicine Perspective........................................7 Dr. Padmapriya Ranganath 5. Treatment of Mental Disorders from Buddhist Psychology Perspective.................................8 Geshema Tenzin Lhadon 6. Treatment of Mental Disorders from Western Medicine Perspective....................................... Dr. Denise McDermott 7. Treatment of Mental Disorders from Tibetan Medicine Perspective.......................................9 Dr. Yeshi Dorjee 8. Treatment of Mental Disorders from Homeopathic Medicine Perspective............................10 Dr. Subhas Singh 9. Treatment of Mental Disorders from Tibetan Astro-science Perspective...............................11 TASP Tenzin Yanki 10. Treatment of Mental Disorders from Unani Medicine Perspective........................................13 Dr. Mohammad Anas 11. Biography of the Speakers......................................................................................................16 12. Introduction to the Body, Mind and Life Department.............................................................. 13. Brief History of Body, Mind and Life Conferences...............................................................22
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
MESSAGE OF HIS HOLINESS THE DALAI LAMA
Leaving aside the complex question of the creation and evolution of our universe, we can at
least agree that each of us is the product of our own parents. In general, our conception took place not just in the context of sexual desire but from our parents’ decision to have a child. Such decisions are founded on responsibility and altruism - the parent’s compassionate commitment to care of their child until it is able to take care of itself. Thus, from the very moment of our conception, our parents’ love is directly in our creation.
Moreover, we are completely dependent upon our mothers’ care from the earliest stages of
our growth. According to some scientists, a pregnant woman’s mental state, be it calm or agitated, has a direct physical effect on her unborn child.
The expression of love is also very important at the time of birth. Since the very first thing
we do is suck milk from our mothers’ breast, we naturally feel close to her, and she must feel love for us in order to feed us properly; if she feels anger or resentment her milk may not flow freely.
Then there is the critical period of brain development from the time of birth up to at least the
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age of three or four, during which time loving physical contact is the single most important factor for the normal growth of the child. If the child is not held, hugged, cuddled, or loved, its development will be impaired and its brain will not mature properly.
Since a child cannot survive without the care of others, love is its most important nourishment.
The happiness of childhood, the allaying of the child’s many fears and the healthy development of its self-confidence all depend directly upon love.
Nowadays, many children grow up in unhappy homes. If they do not receive proper affection,
in later life they will rarely love their parents and, not infrequently, will find it hard to love others. This is very sad.
As children grow older and enter school, their need for support must be met by their teachers.
If a teacher not only imparts academic education but also assumes responsibility for preparing students for life, his or her pupils will feel trust and respect and what has been taught will leave an indelible impression on their minds. On the other hand, subjects taught by a teacher who does not show true concern for his or her students’ overall well-being will be regarded as temporary and not retained for long. Above is an excerpt from the section on“Articles and messages relating to His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s commitment to promote basic human values”. https://www.dalailama.com/messages/compassion-and-human-values/compassion
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
PREFACE
My sincere homage and deep reverence to His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, who is the embodiment of all sources of refuge!
Today on this occasion of the 8th Body, Mind and Life conference, I extend my heartfelt
greetings to the Honorable Chief Guest, Dr. Pema Yangchen, Education Kalon, CTA; Respected Dignitaries, Distinguished Speakers, and all our dear participants who have gathered here for this conference.
It gives me an immense pleasure in sharing with everyone present here that all our past seven
conferences have been received very well by our audiences. In the series of these conferences, we have invited seventy four experts from different traditions, organized platforms for exchange of knowledge and experiences, and intense dialogues, and we can confidently say that our efforts have borne healthy outcomes. All our conferences have been held with a prime focus on mental healthcare and to upgrade our understanding of mental healthcare. We have been publishing the summarized and detailed versions of the conference presentations in both Tibetan and English languages.
This year, we have invited speakers from eight different perspectives to share their knowledge
and insights on the topic “Nurturing a Child’s Mental Health”.
Generally, childhood is defined as the period from birth till 16 years of age. Therefore this
year’s conference in a way covers this age range. The main purpose of choosing this topic is to emphasize more on the significance of nurturing a child’s mind with values and ethics as they go through the different physiological and psychological changes in life. The materialistically rich countries are endowed with all the supreme facilities that promote physical health; however there are drawbacks in the field of psychological development. These future seeds are often brought up in selfish environments where afflictive emotions like greed, unhealthy competition, and jealousy are a part and parcel of life, and hence raising an alarm.
Besides, not only are there many cases of mental illnesses amongst younger generation, but
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there are also many severe cases like suicides, indulgence in killings and so forth. Therefore being mindful of this fact, it is the call of the hour to explore fresh approaches and establish constructive directions to prevent these kind of mishaps. In the process of implementing these approaches into practice, we are fortunate to have the guidance of many inspiring personalities like His Holiness the Dalai Lama, and resources from various domains of new and old traditions in general and the ancient Indian Wisdom in particular.
In the earlier times, the rate of mental disorders used to be comparatively low in eastern
countries. However, the scenario seems to be changing now and currently, countries like China, Korea, India are witnessing an increased rate in the cases of mental health issues.
It is indeed commendable to see the efforts made by the western and other developed countries
in the field of childcare by establishing pediatric hospitals, disciplines, and doctors that are solely dedicated towards the physio-psychological wellbeing of the children. Despite the absence of such support facilities in Tibet and the Himalayan regions, the cases of mental disorders are comparatively low in these regions. It can also be said that the mental illnesses suffered by the younger generation of developed countries like the West are almost negligible amongst the youngsters of these regions. It is a subject of study and research to understand why this problem of mental illness tend to exist unceasingly in the materialistically developed countries whereas the same isn’t the case with countries like Tibet and the Himalayan regions that are influenced by Buddhism.
The future of the world and its inhabitants, the wellness of an individual, family and society
are reliant upon the nature of mindset and moral values inculcated in our children. A joint effort by parents, teachers, children themselves and society at large can contribute towards planting the seeds of gentleness, patience, compassion, good moral ethics, and a meaningful life in children. As today’s world lacks in providing a standard, unified and common framework of the moral responsibilities to be undertaken by the concerned ones, we would like to introduce a set of framework which we believe may contribute towards this endeavor.
Parent’s responsibility: It is important to conduct a thorough study on parenting and prepare a
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama complete set of instructions that a couple should be aware of before embracing parenthood such as: the systematic and well planned nurturing approach they wish to provide their children; the state of physical and mental wellbeing —of both the would-be parents— required during the course of pregnancy, and indulgence in those activities of body, speech and mind that are constructive in nature, and can serve as an exemplary inspiration to their children and society as a whole.
Teacher’s responsibility: A teacher should be able to identify the true capacity of a child and nurture him/her according to his nature, capacity and intelligence level. Just as flowers blossom in accordance with appropriate factors, children should be allowed to learn accordingly without imposing any pressure. Be it any field, a teacher must educate the children to acquire good results through ethical means, barring any sense of competition, jealousy and pride. As a means of education, a teacher should involve children in entertaining activities, whilst at the same time, educating them first to be a good human being and then an educated being.
A Child’s / student’s responsibility: As stated by the Great Gungthangpa, “It is not necessary that evil friends may come with horns. Luring you with a smile and sweet talks, they delude you. Engaging you in idle gossips and laughter, they distract you from your focus. These are called evil friends and hence should be avoided like contagious disorders”. Likewise, “there are friends who are gentle at face but cruel at heart; there is a lot of difference in what they say and do; they enjoy speaking of other’s faults and are addicted to wrong habits; they have malicious intents and are habituated to lying; they harbor covetousness, jealousy, unhealthy rivalry, a sense of defeating others, and are full of distraction, laziness; they are narrow minded, headstrong and misbehaves; they have no proper sense of eating and sleeping. Such friends should be always avoided.
The child must be humble and treat everyone with respect, whether the person is elder, of
the same age or younger than him/her. Relying upon intelligence, the focus on one’s studies should be same as the flow of river. One should learn to take care of one’s life and responsibilities, and safeguard one’s future.
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Society’s responsibility: In order to promote moral ethics, the society must provide special facilities, dedicate honorary compositions, offer dignified posts, and confer awards to those who set examples of good moral ethics and those who are educated both ethically and academically. I sincerely request all our scholars to present those aspects from their respective traditions that can be applied into actual practice, and our participants to take active participation by asking questions and sharing new ideas thus creating a healthy and meaningful platform for discussion.
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AYURVEDA ON “NURTURING A CHILD’S MENTAL HEALTH”
Dr. Sakshi Sharma
Nurturing a Child’s Mental Health is the most relevant topic in the modern, so called civilized
but morally declined world. Today’s Child is tomorrow’s hope and direction setter not only for the family but for the society and for the whole Nation. So today’s Parents as well as teacher have great responsibility on their shoulders to develop a mentally stable and morally sound generation. As current Data says mental illnesses affect 19% of the adult population, 46% of teenagers and 13% of children each year.
Ayurveda, 5,000 years old and believed to be the oldest healing system in the world is the
knowledge (veda) of life (ayur). It encompasses mental, physical, emotional and spiritual health. Ayurveda is an elemental science based on a variety of metabolic body types, called dosha. In case of Child and adolescent “Mental Health” is defined as the capacity to achieve and maintain optimal psychological functioning and well being. It is directly related to the level reached and competence achieved in psychological and social functioning.”
Every Child has two influences, Nature and Nurture. Both modern science and ancient
Ayurveda agree that the influence of each is about even, children are created of half nature and half nurture. In Ayurveda, these are called prakruti and vikruti. Prakruti is nature, it’s your Unique Mental and physical constitution with fixed metabolic constitution. It’s with you for your whole life and is influenced by a number of factors including genetics, the health of your parents, uterine environment and your mother’s diet during pregnancy. “Vatta, Pitta And Kapha, The Group Of The Three Doshas, In Their Natural And Disturbed State, Give Life To The Body And Also Destroy It.” Ashtanga Hridya 1.6 7
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Second is nurture. It is more environmental and it is the part of your body type that
changes. Nurturing means to meet your child’s needs, to encourage and develop their abilities, to cherish them and to bring them up to the best of your ability, tailoring your parenting to their specific requirements at every stage of their life. The way to successfully nurture a child is to understand what they need from you and what you can give them, and then bring those two questions together with an understanding that the answers to both will constantly change.
Actually every child is unique in its own means by physical constitution, by mental level
and unique equilibrium of three doshas. Ayurveda helps us in recognizing these three unique configurations. Further Ayurveda also guides us to adopt a particular set of diet and the set of important rituals at different stages which are known as Sanskars.
As the mental health is reflection of good physical health and according to Ayurvedic
principles, imbalance in doshas leads to manifest of diseases, so to “maintaining the doshas in their balanced state and to improve the basic immunity of the body” is the main aim to prevent the undeveloped manifestation followed by balanced mental state.
Nature has a great role in developing physical as well as mental health, moreover sometimes
Nurture has upper hand in comparison to Nature and the fundamentals of Ayurveda has a great role in “Nurturing a Child’s Mental Health”.
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
SIDDHA MEDICINE ON “NURTURING A CHILD’S MENTAL HEALTH”
Dr. Padmapriya Ranganath
The Siddha system of medicine deals with the physical body that is linked with the mental
and spiritual bodies and concentrates on the total well-being of all the three. The body is composed of five elements- Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Space and hence the Universe. The three biological humors, namely Vata, Pitta and Kapha are formed from these elements. Siddha postulates man as a microcosm and as a part of the universe, the macrocosm. Every phenomenon in the universe can be found to take place in the individual, albeit in a subtle form. All matter and psyche, from the subtle to the gross, is characterized by three attributes or gunas, namely Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas.
The Siddha therapy is directed towards the patient rather than the disease with everyone
being recognized as being unique. This is explained by the Siddhars in Astanga or Ennvagai yogam. Maintaining health or falling prey to disease depends on our food and lifestyle, which is the influence of the mind over the body. The body generally maintains equilibrium in the functioning of the biological humors. The primary factor causing disease is the disturbance in the equilibrium of these three humors. Many diseases are attributed to the influence of the mind on the body, e.g. fever due to being frightened and gastritis due to excess anger.
The intrauterine life of a child has a major influence on her gunas. The joy or sorrow and
other factors that influence the mother during pregnancy influence the child as well. Traditional diet planning, use of herbal preparations, behavioral suggestions and medicines are all used in harmony during pregnancy to nurture a child’s health. Even during infancy, specific food is recommended for the child to have a balance of energy and calmness. Today, due to various reasons even a normal child develops psychological dependence and feeling of possessiveness, insecurity which looks like a behavioral disorder. This apart, more children are born today having psychological deviation like autism wherein the child lacks social, interactive, communication skills and lacks attentiveness.
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Thus, the Siddha system of medicine offers a safe and natural way to improve the function of
the immune system thereby increasing disease resistance through proper nutrition, quality sleep and medicines to nourish the mind and support the health of the child in a safe and holistic manner.
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
BUDDHIST PERSPECTIVE ON “NURTURING A CHILD’S MENTAL HEALTH”
Geshema Tenzin Lhadon
Homage to Lord Buddha With an immeasurable enlightened mind; Endowed with unfathomable wisdom; He serves all beings with love and compassion; May Shakyamuni Buddha’s teachings remain eternal!
My presentation will be based mainly on the Ancient Indian Nalanda Buddhist tradition. I intend to highlight the following points:
• Child Definition • Psychological changes that occur throughout the developmental stages of life viz. childhood, adolescence and so forth • Impact of education system on a child’s mental health • Relationship between spirituality and a child’s mental health • Impact of customs and cultural backgrounds on a child’s mental health • Buddhist approach to nurturing a child’s mental health
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WESTERN MEDICAL SCIENCE ON “NURTURING A CHILD’S MENTAL HEALTH”
Dr. Denise McDermott
Children’s mental health is one of the most important topics to be discussing as ONE
HUMANITY. Did you know that 50% of lifelong mental health issues start before age 14, and 75% before age 24? Awareness and self- love set the stage for inner peace and healthy mindset. When individuals thrive WE all thrive.
Dr. Denise McDermott will discuss the importance of children’s mental health as a foundation
of physical, emotional and spiritual wellbeing. Dr. Denise will discuss the core elements of what she believes are essential for our children to evolve and thrive. The Western Medicine approach of biological, psychological and social psychiatric assessment will be discussed. The importance of including input from family, teachers and other professionals to help children to achieve optimal mental health will be strongly emphasized. It truly takes a village to raise a healthy child.
Did you know that psychiatrist in Greek means, “Dr. of the Soul?” Traditionally in Western
Medicine psychiatric training an emphasis of material science is championed. Dr. Denise values this and wants to take the discussion one step further on how she approaches a discussion of soul while working with her patients. Dr. Denise believes that a practice of meditation, healthy diet and regular fitness are key elements to include in a holistic health plan. Teaching our children to have compassion for themselves and others is paramount for integrated well-being.
With gratitude and humility Dr. Denise is honored to be a part of Men- Tsee-Khang’s 8th
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama Body Mind Life conference alongside scholars and healers in this crucial discussion of “Children’s Mental Health.”
TIBETAN MEDICINE ON “NURTURING A CHILD’S MENTAL HEALTH”
Dr. Yeshi Dorjee
1. Very seldom do we acquire this precious human body:
This human body - supreme of all beings - can practice spiritual doctrines. It can attain the
state of Buddhahood and is therefore like a treasure island. It can liberate from the sufferings of samsara and is therefore like a boat. The one aspired by celestial beings is this human body. Just as a good harvest depends on the quality of seeds, our today’s children are tomorrow’s future. Family bonds, moral ethics, peace, education, nature of leadership, scientific technologies, strength of a country, financial establishment, and so forth depend on our today’s children.
2. The causes of conception are the union of non-defective semen of the father and ovum of mother, the consciousness of the being, imprint of past karma with the force of afflictive emotions and the assemblage of the five elements.
3. Factors that can boost the chances of conception: • Take care of one’s dietary and lifestyle regimens all the time; • Environment should be clean and beautiful with pleasant sounds; • Body, speech and mind be absorbed in a virtuous state; • Cleanly washed and scented body; • Utter sweet words, and • Make love
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4. As stated in Gyueshhi, the fundamental text of TM, “The constitution is determined by the predominance of afflictive factors during its conception. The mother’s diet and lifestyle during pregnancy will significantly influence the proportion of afflictive factors, giving rise to seven different constitutions”. The seven constitutions are loong, tripa, baekan, loong-tripa, baekan-tripa, baekan-loong, and all three combined together. It is said that “The combination of all three afflictive factors in an equal proportion is considered the best, whereas those with dual combinations are considered moderate”.
5. Nature of diet and lifestyle activities to be entertained by the mother during pregnancy: Diet: • Take nutritious foods, but less of non vegetarian and more of vegetarian foods. • Take plenty of fruits and vegetables. • Take the six tastes (sweet, sour, salt, bitter, hot and astringent) in an appropriate amount • Take less of oily, fatty, salty, and sour foods • Avoid smoking, consumption of alcohol and other intoxicating substances. • Avoid intake of strong medicines • Avoid junk foods • Avoid eating foods that are undercooked, burnt, or stale • Avoid eating raw salads Lifestyle activities • Wear soft and loose fitting clothes • Do light exercises and walking • Recite prayers and listen to teachings • Avoid wearing heels • Avoid fasting, deprivation of sleep, stress and grief, fright, unpleasant sounds, excessive talking, watching television, readings books, sexual conduct, overexposure to computer , phone, unpleasant sounds, unpleasant talks and violent environments
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama 6. Child Delivery: The time for delivery comes with the termination of nine month of pregnancy. The delivery should be assisted by experienced doctors, experienced midwives and so forth. Having organized all the necessary auspicious requirements, say these auspicious verses to the child:
“O my baby, you are born from my heart May you live for hundred years and witness hundreds of autumn! Conquering all negativities, May you live a long and prosperous life! May you have a good family life, wealth and happiness! ”
Thereafter cut the umbilical cord as mentioned in the text and bathe the baby with lukewarm,
scented water. Wipe baby’s mouth with a soft white cloth and then apply ‘Hri’ on the tongue. It blesses the baby with a clear and fluent speech. Likewise, wearing amulets can protect against any kind of negative influences; precious jewels like gold, silver, and coral protects against planetary influences. Name your child after an auspicious god, lama, deity or planets. Have an Astro- Science practitioner to prepare a natal chart for your new born so that obstructions in the future can be eliminated. Perform rituals to eliminate any kind of obstacles.
7. Mental healthcare of the baby with regard to its growth and development:
Children are very clean and pure hearted. Their mindset can be easily influenced by the
environment he lives in. Therefore one must take care to provide a healthy environment in order to nurture them well. Just as we say, ‘gold when polished well shines brighter’, likewise a child nurtured well grows well. A child’s mental health is like the seed of dharma and worldly activities.
8. Efficacy of Tibetan Medicine on a child’s mental health:
A good physical and mental health can be achieved by: Relying upon the worldly activities,
spiritual practices, and seasonal behavior regimens; Following the incidental behavioral regimens, refrain from suppressing or forcing out natural urges; Abandoning the ten non virtuous acts of the
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body, speech and mind; Understanding dietetics and dietary limitation and Avoiding incompatible and unwholesome foods.
HOMEOPATHY MEDICINE ON “NURTURING A CHILD’S MENTAL HEALTH”
Dr. Subhas Singh
A child’s mind is like a virgin soil on which the nurture and nature leaves their imprints in
due course of time. Mental health — an essential part of children’s overall health — has a complex interactive relationship with their physical health and their ability to succeed in school, at work and in society. Both physical and mental health affects how a child thinks, feel and act on the inside and outside. Normal development needs to be monitored through the years of their development keeping in mind the normal growth and where and how the aberrations can occur.
Changes in thinking, in feelings, in behavior pattern or physical changes of a child are the
warning signals which if noticed in due time may save from many more sufferings and complications. Parental intervention and nurture helps in healthy development of child’s mental health and building a strong and caring adult in future who can play a creative role in the society and nation. In India, the prevalence of child and adolescence psychiatric illness is found to be nearly 7 % and in school children it is 23%.
Assessment of a Psychiatric Problem in Childhood:
It is usually the parents and not the child, who seek help. Psychiatric disturbance in a child
may result from problems in other members of the family, usually the parents; for example the child may be distressed because the parents quarrel frequently. For this reason assessment of child psychology is concerned with the whole family. Whether behavior is abnormal depends in part on the child’s stage of development.
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
Psychiatric disorders of childhood can occur due to hereditary causes, other associated
physical diseases or influence of environmental factors. Some of the common mental disorders in children where Homoeopathy can play a major role both as curative and preventive therapeutic system are: Anxiety, Depression, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette Syndrome (TS), Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), etc.
Role of Homeopathy:
Homoeopathy, as stated by Dr. S. Hahnemann (Founder of Homeopathy), considers that mind
and body equally participate in a disease, i.e. even in Somatic disease mind is always affected and vice versa. For selection of individualized Homeopathic medicine, the symptoms of mind and body are to be taken into consideration as stated in Oganon of Medicine by Dr. S. Hahnemann. Homoeopathy is based on the Holistic concept that a person is one single unit comprising of Mind, Body and Vital Force and any disease can occur only if the Vital Force is deranged on the dynamic plane by a dynamic morbific inimical force. Based on this concept a child’s mind can be protected and nurtured by Homoeopathic medicine where a medicine is selected on the basis of the manifestations of the child, parents and giving due consideration to the accessory circumstances in which the symptoms have developed. Homeopathic Materia Medicas and Repertories are full of such indications on which a medicine can be selected, viz. Calcarea Carb, Aethusa Cyn., Abrotanum, Sulphur, Cina, Chammomilla, Antim Crud, Tuberculinum, Carcinosin, Phosphorus, etc. The indicated medicine in Homoeopathy is given in highly dynamized form and in minimum quantity thus saving the child from unwanted side effects or bad effects of over drugging.
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TIBETAN ASTRO-SCIENCE ON “NURTURING A CHILD’S MENTAL HEALTH”
TASP Tenzin Yanki
According to Traditional Tibetan Astro-Science, the calculation of marital compatibility
chart of a couple as well as their individual natal chart helps one understand the nature, personality, mental and physical health in general of a child even before its birth. We believe that nurturing a child’s mental health begins right from the mother’s womb. Therefore a couple should ensure there is good compatibility between them; their planetary positions favor their pregnancy, and there is no influence from the malefic forces of that particular year. There are certain astrological advices and rituals that an expecting mother should follow. This enables one to create a positive environment for a healthy physical and mental development of an unborn child. The nature of a child’s mental health is affected from several factors such as parents, environment and most importantly his own natal chart. A thorough understanding of these factors can help you first understand the nature of your child’s mental health and then nurture his/her mental health accordingly.
When a child takes birth, the positioning of the planets at the timing of birth decides his/her
fortune. Astrology is the chord linking the past, present and the future. First of all it is very important to familiarize oneself with the planets, houses, and year signs that address anxiety, stress and overall mental health states in a natal chart of a child, affecting long term and short term mental states, and the differences between brief versus prolonged episodic instability. The sign on the Ascendant (1st house) and its ruler are key components in understanding a child’s emerging personality. Any planet “rising” in the 1st house is going to color the personality considerably. Happiness, health, and general disposition are ruled by the first house. For example, if Mars is in the 1st house in an
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama adverse aspect, the child will be aggressive, easily angered and vulnerable to stress. Moreover, in health prospect; prone to bile, injury, muscles and circulation of blood etc. Venus, Mercury, Saturn and other planets in the 1st house will have their own distinctive influence on a child’s mental and physical health aspects. The five astrological aspects of a child’s vitality, body, destiny luck and lifespirit (srog, lus, dBangs, klung ta and Bla); which is also an important indicator of yearly changes and obstacles.
Therefore, parents can nurture their child’s mental health and a better parenting by referring
to these astrological predictions. Moreover, the astrological guidelines and remedial measures in the natal chart help parents modify their parenting skills and make better choices and decision for their children with respect to their own strength and weaknesses.
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UNANI MEDICINE ON “NURTURING A CHILD’S MENTAL HEALTH”
Dr. Mohammad Anas
‘Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Early diagnosis and treatment can secure the future of a child’ How often do the parents encounter about the complaint from the school that: your child is not paying attention, talk regularly, snatch others lunch etc. Unfortunately the system working in most of the schools do not have any Psychologist resulting in scolding of that child and rightly to say ruin the future of that child,just says that the child doesn’t have manners, today I will like to bring a problem before you people -- “Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)” it is a complex of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD is the one of the most common neuropsychiatric condition in children, it has been considered as a disruptive behavior disorder. It affects an estimated 3-10% of school aged children. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), there are three types of behavior disorders: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulse, and combined. The predominantly hyperactive-impulse type occurs 2-9 times more frequently in boys, although the predominantly inattentive type occurs equally in both sexes. ADHD has a genetic predominance also and has no known single, specific cause. Potential causes include genetic, biochemical, sensorimotor, physiological, and behavioral factors, some risk factors include birth weight less than 1kg, head trauma, and lead exposure as well as prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine. Increasing evidence implicates abnormalities in dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems with decreased activity or stimulation in upper brain stem and frontal-midbrain tracts. Diagnosis of ADHD has been made by clinical DSM-IV criteria having a questionnaire. The treatment includes behavior therapy, stimulant drugs and educational
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama interventions provided by the schools after proper sensitization of the school teachers. It is a well known fact that 69%of children needs medicine for the treatment of ADHD exposing them to overdoses and poisoning from these medicines so a safer and effective mode of the treatment is required, going through the classical unani literature it is observed that there are medicines which can improve the cognitive functions resulting in better attention and medicines having calming effect which can check the hyperactivity of the effected child. Many single and compound drugs are given in classical Unani literature which can be helpful for better development of the children. The details about the sensitization, questionnaires and treatment will be presented in final presentation.
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SPEAKER’S BIOGRAPHY
DR. SAKSHI SHARMA Dr Sakshi Sharma is MD Ayurveda from Mumbai University. She is a keen researcher, academician and renowned physician. She has 17 years of experience in academics and research. She has worked variously in different capabilities of teaching at CDL college of Ayurveda, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana & as Associate Professor in CBPAC Sansthan under the govt. of NCT, Delhi. At present she is working as a Research Officer (Ay.) in Central Ayurveda Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, New Delhi under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences under Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India. She has a booklet and number of publications to her credit in many national and international science journals. She has vast research experience and handled eight research projects under IMR and RFD as Principal investigator and Co-investigator. At present she has recently completed Collaborative project “Role of Rasayana in Healthy Ageing” with AIIMS, New Delhi and currently working as Principal Investigator in “Prakriti project” and Dysmenorrhoe under IMR. She has presented scientific research papers in various national and international conferences and seminars as an invited speaker. She was also invited speaker in the 7th Body, Mind & Life Conference at New Delhi. She has attended three months training program for Indian scientist sponsored by DST Govt. of India, at Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA), New Delhi and got outstanding paper award on 28th Jan 2010. She has visited Japan in 2012 as one of the members of scientific delegation from different fields sponsored by DST (Dept. of Science and technology), Govt. of India.
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
DR. R PADMAPRIYA Dr. R Padmapriya obtained the Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery (BSMS) from the Government Siddha Medical College, Tirunelveli in 1992. She also holds the Postgraduate Diploma in Counseling and Psychotherapy and Diploma in Cosmetology. Dr. Padmapriya has more than 25 years of experience as a Siddha consultant and is the proprietress of Amruthi Ayurvedic Clinic in Velachery, Chennai. She is the president of the Centre for Traditional Medicine and Research, Chennai. She specializes in the treatment of diabetology, muscular skeletal problems, skin disorders, pediatric care, adolescent gynecological issues, and prenatal and postnatal care. She combines modern diagnostic tools with traditional and holistic techniques for treating patients with chronic and life-style diseases, and stress related behavioral disorders. In addition, Dr. Padmapriya is also well versed in herbal cosmetology, mind-beauty techniques, and anti-ageing therapy. Dr. Padmapriya is a resource person for continuing medical education (CME) on Child Survival and Safe Motherhood. She regularly trains young women on prenatal, postnatal care and safe delivery. She has treated adolescent girls with anemia, and has been successful in treating many patients for female infertility. Dr. Padmapriya has been associated with the documentation, validation of traditional health, healthy dietary suggestions and recipes of local communities and healers. As a resource person in the field, she was involved with CTMR in the Accreditation and Certification of Prior Learning for traditional health practitioners in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. Dr. Padmapriya has carried out research on herbal nutrition and dietetics for periodical, routine, balanced day-to-day health upkeep and preventive therapy. Currently she is writing a column in Dhinathanthi Sunday edition on herbal foods, which has been well received by the public. She has been often sought opinion on health issues by TV channels for creating public awareness. She has written many articles in magazines and papers and has delivered talks on Ethnic and
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Traditional Food based on the principle ‘Food is Medicine and Medicine is Food’. She has authored few books. Dr. Padmapriya has traveled to many Middle East and Far East Asian countries for delivering on Siddha medicine to the Tamil Diaspora, and has provided Siddha consultation.
GESHEMA TENZIN LHADON Geshema Tenzin Lhadon was born in 1977 in a small village called U-pa-reg in Zanskar, Ladakh. Although as a child, she was deprived of the opportunity to study modern education, she has learned the unique culture of Zanskar, and noble ethics such as respect to seniors and loving kindness to younger ones which are primarily the practical approach to the principles of Buddhist Philosophy. She attributes all these qualities to her unwavering trust and respect on her parents, relatives and the older generation of her community. When she was 7 years old, she was ordained as a Buddhist nun by His Eminence Lochen Rinpoche whilst his stay at Zanskar valley. Since then she started studying Vajrayana and Sutra texts which basically involves repetitive recitation and memorizing by heart. In 1988 during the mass Kalachakra in Zanskar valley, His Holiness the Dalai Lama in one of his lectures to the nuns mentioned about the fruitfulness of studying Buddhist philosophy in the monastic universities in South India. This drove her to come to Dharamsala along with a senior nun. In 1988, during Chho – Trul – Due – Chhen ceremony she received a prosperous opportunity to take the vows of a novice nun in front of the great H.H. the Dalai Lama. Not long after the spring prayers, she enrolled herself at Jamyang Choeling Nunnery where she started studying Tibetan grammar, memorizing recitations of mass offerings, religious practice and root texts of fundamental Buddhist scriptures. Apart from these, she also began studying other languages such as English. Since 1990, for almost 20 years under the guidance of her honorable teachers, she has been studying the fundamental Buddhist texts of Madhyamika school of thought, Perfection of Wisdom and Buddhist Etymology.
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama In 1995, she participated in the Jang – Gun – Choe prayer ceremony which was initiated by H. H. the Dalai Lama. Following the advice of His Holiness, she participated in the first ever Geshema Examinations in 2016 and managed to pass the exam with a decent score. Following this, on the glorious occasion of the 600th Founding anniversary of Drepung Monastery, she had the blessed opportunity to receive the coveted Geshema degree from His Holiness himself. She feels, with the kind assistance from Central Tibetan Administration and many NGOs, she has been very fortunate to have received the opportunity to participate in many conferences in both the east and west and workshops on Buddhist philosophy and Modern science.
DR. DENISE MCDERMOTT Dr. Denise McDermott, M.D. is a medical doctor with board certifications in both Adult and Child Psychiatry. She completed her Adult Psychiatry residency at Emory University and her Child Psychiatry fellowship at University of California Los Angeles and was acting Chief Fellow. She treats children, adolescents and adults and has > 40,000 hours of clinical expertise in her private practice since 2001. Dr. McDermott’s goal is to empower her patients and their families to live their best life possible. Dr. McDermott received the “Outstanding Physician Award” at UCLA (2000). She was President of the Southern California Psychiatric Society, and guest lecturer at UCLA. Her absolute passion is bridging science, spirituality and psychology which inspired her to launch an educational mental health website DrDeniseMD.com (2016) now reaching a global audience > 100,000. Dr. McDermott has her own podcast show “The Dr. Denise Show” and has the honor of interviewing scholars, mental health advocates, and influencers. She co-produced a video series, “Emergency Well-Being” to discuss the important bridge between psychiatry and meditation. She is the author of “Mental Health and How to Thrive,” and reaches an international audience with her blog. She is a proud Mom of a 9 year old.
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DR. YESHI DORJEE Dr. Yeshi Dorjee was born in Tibet on 24 September 1961. He is a senior doctor at Men-Tsee- Khang, Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. He has been practicing medicine for 30 years and has been serving patients from different nationalities. After a long extensive series of practical and written examinations, he was certified with 2 higher levels of MD degree. During his practice, he has officially and personally visited many foreign countries such as USA, Germany, France, Sweden, Austria, Hungary, Mexico, Latvia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Thailand. At the moment, he is serving as the CMO at Men-Tsee-Khang branch in Mcleod Ganj, Dharamshala.
DR. SUBHAS SINGH Dr Subhas Singh is in teaching since 1994 at UG and PG level, and is presently Head of the Department of Organon of Medicine, Homoeopathic Philosophy, Chronic Disease & Psychology at NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HOMOEOPATHY, Kolkata. A regular and much applauded speaker at National and International Seminars, Conferences and Workshop on Homeopathy, he is regularly being invited for guidance and lectures at Teachers Orientation Programmes organised by Govt. of India. Dr Subhas Singh is PG Guide, Examiner and Paper Setter of many Universities including University of Calcutta; University of Health Sciences, West Bengal; Nagpur University, (M.S.); Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Council of Homoeopathic Medicine, W.B.; B.R.A. Bihar university, Muzaffarpur, (Bihar), etc. He is a Life Member and Member of Scientific Standing Committee of Homoeopathic Medical Association of India (HMAI), the largest association of Homoeopathic physicians. Dr Singh is also the President of Homoeopathic Post-Graduates Association. Dr Singh is a regular contributor to different scientific and peer reviewed journals. He is the Chief Editor of
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama ‘National Homoeo Recorder’, a peer reviewed Scientific Journal of Homeopathy. He has authored and edited many books some of which are the prescribed Textbooks and Reference books of many universities, e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis-its curability in Homoeopathy, Mind-a simplified study, Doctor-Patient Relationship-the concept, A collection on Carcinosin, Samuel Hahnemann’s Organon of Medicine-a study in its History & Evolution, Tongue Indications, Text Book of an Introduction to the study of Homoeopathic Materia Medica, Corrected 6th & 5th edition of Hahnemann’s Organon of Medicine, First Book of Homeopathic Repertory, Textbook of Homoeopathic Materia Medica, etc. Recently he has been conferred Ph.D. from The Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik and is one of the very few to have done so in Homeopathy in India.
TASP TENZIN YANKI Ms Tenzin Yanki was born in a small Tibetan settlement at Sonada, Darjeeling district in the year 1983. She was born and brought up in India by her parents, who escaped into India after the Chinese invasion of Tibet. She gained appreciation for Tibetan Astrology from her mother, who has been a “believer” in Tibetan Astrology. She enrolled herself for the 7th astro. batch in the Tibetan Medical and Astro. College based in Dharamshala, and was entrusted with the responsibility to prepare the traditional Tibetan almanac of the year 2028. In the year of 2009, after five years of studies and one year internship, she became a full-fledged Tibetan Astrologer. Since then, she has cast over 300 individual charts. Her clients include people from different countries such as Tibet, India, USA, China etc. Besides making charts, she also has experiences of presenting daily astrological prediction on television for both local Tibetan and Indian channels. As a part of her work, she is also actively involved in the astro. oral consultation, and has officially visited different parts of India, and countries like Japan, Taiwan and Europe promoting the unique knowledge of Tibetan Astro-science.
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Presently, she is serving as a Tibetan Astro-Science practitioner (TASP) under Head office, MenTsee-Khang, Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama.
DR. MOHAMMAD ANAS Dr Anas has completed his Post Graduation (Moalejat- Medicine) and Graduation from Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, AMU, Aligar in the year 2005 and 2000 respectively. Since then he has been involved in teaching and research in the field of Unani system of medicine. Having published 27 National and International journals, he holds an administrative post of university level. He has been invited several times as a resource person to deliver lectures in different Government and private set ups.
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
INTRODUCTION TO BODY, MIND AND LIFE DEPARTMENT
The Body, Mind and Life Department of Men-Tsee-Khang was initially established in 2013. As envisioned by His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the aim of establishing this department is to strive for providing better healthcare mainly in the field of mental health by integrating the essence of various ancient and modern cultural heritages. 1. Nature of Work: As the prime objective of the Department is to render optimum mental healthcare services, we are fully dedicated to make our best efforts:
• To improve techniques for prevention and treatment of mental disorders,
• To engage in cultural exchanges,
• To excerpt the fundamentals of different cultures and
• To do research on various practices and experiential understanding.
2. Core Projects:
• To conduct literary research and compilation projects on subjects relevant to body, mind
and life in general and mental healthcare in particular from the perspectives of Buddhist
Psychology, Tibetan Medicines and Tibetan Astro-science.
• To organize international conference, courses and workshops on the theme of body, mind & life. • To improve physical and mental well-being through various practices including yoga and meditation. • To initiate spiritual activities pertaining to four rituals. These four primary projects comprise of over thirty sub-categories.
Under the first project, three different books on life from the perspectives of Buddha’s Teachings and Commentaries, Great Compendium of Tibetan Medicines, Tibetan Astro-science and Kalachakra Traditions have been edited and published. This accomplishment is an outcome of four years of literature review and research work.
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Under the second project, a series of seven conferences has been held so far and numerous subtopics on the theme of body, mind and life have been discussed by 71 guest speakers from the Perspectives of Tibetan Buddhist Psychology, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Chinese Medicine, Tibetan Medicine (Sowa-Rigpa), Tibetan Astro-science, Modern Science and Yoga. The presentation books of each conference are available and also being published in Tibetan and English. We have been also organizing a series of 10-Day Mental Healthcare Service Course every year and the 10-Day Mental Healthcare Service Course recently held in June was the tenth of its own kind. Under the third project, in every mental health workshop, topics like mindfulness, yoga, compassion etc. which are secular in nature are covered by integrating theories and practices. A Research Project on the Subject of Mindfulness Meditation Practice in collaboration with the Research Department of Men-Tsee-Khang is also under process.
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Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
BRIEF HISTORY OF BODY, MIND AND LIFE CONFERENCE
1st BML Conference 2013, Dharamshala: Four speakers each from the perspectives of Buddhist Philosophy, Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Astro-science and Western Medical Science were invited to debate on the topic “The Nature of Body, Mind and Life; their Seeds; their Relationships; their Disturbing Factors and Remedies; and their Restoration and Maintenance”. More than 350 participants attended the conference.
2nd BML Conference 2014, Dharamshala: Two speakers each from the perspectives of Buddhist Psychology, Ayurvedic Medicine, Unani Medicine, Chinese system of Medicine, Siddha Medicine and Western Medical Science were invited to debate on the topic “Identification of Body, Mind and Life; Relationship between Body, Mind and Life; and Disturbing Factors of Body, Mind and Life and Remedies for Disorders of Body, Mind and Life”. More than 380 participants attended the conference.
3rd BML Conference 2015, Dharamshala: Two speakers each from the perspectives of Buddhist Psychology, Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Astro-science and Western Medical Science were invited to debate on the topic “Disturbing Factors and Remedies for Disorders of Mental Health”. More than 310 participants attended the conference.
4th BML Conference 2016, Dharamshala: Two speakers each from the perspectives of Buddhist Psychology, Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Astro-science and Western Medical Science were invited to debate on the topic “Depression; its Causes, Conditions and Remedies”. More than 310 participants attended the conference.
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5th BML Conference 2017, Dharamshala: Two speakers each from the perspectives of Buddhist Psychology, Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Astro-science and Western Medical Science were invited to debate on the topic “Prevention of Mental Disorders”. More than 250 participants attended the conference.
6th BML Conference 2017, Mumbai: A speaker each from the perspectives of Buddhist Psychology, Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Astro-science, Western Medical Science, Ayurveda Medicine, Siddha Medicine, Unani Medicine, Homeopathic Medicine and Yoga Therapy were invited to debate on the topic “ Prevention of Mental Disorders”. This conference was jointly organized with K.J. Somaiya Centre for Buddhist Studies in Mumbai. Around 130 participants attended the conference.
7th BML Conference 2018, New Delhi: A speaker each from the perspectives of Buddhist Psychology, Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Astroscience, Western Medical Science, Ayurveda Medicine, Siddha Medicine, Unani Medicine and Homeopathic Medicine were invited to debate on the topic “ Prevention of Mental Disorders”. This conference was jointly organized with the Foundation for Universal Responsibility of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in Delhi. Around 160 participants attended the conference.
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CLOSING CEREMONY Monday / 1 October, 2018 (4:30 PM onwards)
1. 4:30 PM: The arrival of Chief Guest. 2. The Chief Guest to present Souvenirs to the speakers. 3. Three representatives from the participants to give feedback on the conference. 4. Conclusion speech to be given by Mr. Tashi Tsering Phuri, Director of Men-Tsee-Khang (Sowa Rigpa) 5. The Chief Guest to address the gathering. 6. Vote of Thanks. 7. Men-Tsee Tengye Monlam (Prayer for the Prosperity of Medicine and Astro-science) to be chanted.
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Men-Tsee-Khang (Sowa Rigpa), Dharamshala
Staff Members of Body, Mind and Life Department 2018 Front row (right to left): TASP Tenzin Nandak, Geshe Tenpa Tashi (Head of BML Dept), Dr. Tenzin Choying. Back row (right to left): Ms. Dorjee Thakchoe (Office Secretary), Mr. Tenzin Desel (Office Secretary), Mr. Kunkyab Pasang Ngoche (Translator), 34
Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama
CopyrightŠ2018: Men-Tsee-Khang Published by: Men-Tsee-Khang (Tibetan Medical & Astro. Institute of H.H. the Dalai Lama) Gangchen Kyishong, Dharamshala-176215 Distt. Kangra (H.P.) INDIA Tel: 0091-1892-223113/223222 Fax: 91-1892-224116 Email : bodymindlife@men-tsee-khang.org Website: www.men-tsee-khang.org (English) www.mentsee.org (Tibetan) www.men-tsee-khang-cn.org (Chinese)
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