The Asian Chronicle 15/09/2020

TUESDAY 15 September, 2020 Pages 08, Faridabad Delhi (NCR)

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Defining Mental Illness

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Effects of Drug abuse & addiction

15 September, 2020 Faridabad/Delhi NCR THEASIANCHRONICLE.COM

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2 will diminish joy for anything else other than the drug.

Drug abuse can also cause life threatening health problems like: g Lung or Cardiac Arrest g Stroke g Cancer g Infections like HIV, Hepatitis & AIDS g Anxiety & Depression

Symptoms and behaviours of the drug addict:

Intentions to urge the drugs which could block any other thoughts, probably all thoughts. g Overtime need for drugs in order to obtain the same effect of drowsiness g Taking over a long period of drugs with large amount than the victim intense. g Making particular interest in retaining the supply of the drug. g Even though the victim can't afford, he or she devours wealth on drugs. g Feeling the anxiety to consume the drugs on a daily basis of life. g Depressed as well as loneliness has been deserved by the victim in the usage of drugs. g No public contact, meeting commitments or responsibilities of duties consideration and always wanted to be in an oscillation through the mind. g Intake of food will be completely dreary by the victim. g To bargain the drugs, robbery and cheating prevail once the rage is out of control. g Problems occurs physically and psychologically, despite the continuation of using drugs accomplishes. g Doing some risky actions when the victim survives under the drug's influence. g Failure of attempts in order to prevent the usage of drugs. g A symptoms of departure has been undergone to cease the intake of drugs although couldn't. g

Effects of Drug abuse & addiction

Research by Maithillee Zaveri/ Lakshmi Prabha Swaminathan

Drugs are chemicals that influence the body & brain. Diverse drugs can have diverse impacts. Some impacts of drugs incorporate health consequences that are long – lasting & perpetual. They can even be persistent after an individual has ceased taking the substance.

There are a few ways an individual can consume drugs incorporating injection, breathing & ingestion.

The impacts of the drugs on the body can depend on how the drug is conveyed. For example, the injection of drugs instantly into the bloodstream has an prompt impact, whereas ingestion features a deffered impact. But all abused drugs influence the brain. They cause large sums of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps control our feelings, inspiration & sentiments of joy, to surge the brain & deliver a “high.”

Inevitably, drugs can alter how the brain functions & interfere with an individual’s capacity to form choices, guiding to fierce desires & compulsive drug consumption.

Over time, this behaviour can turn into a substance reliance or drug addiction.

Today more than 7 million individuals endure from an illegal drug confusion & one in four demises consequences from illegal drug use.

In reality, more demises, sicknesses & inabilities are related with drug abuse than any other preventable health state. Individuals enduring from drug & alcohol addiction also have higher chances of inadverent wounds, natural calamities & domestic violence occurrences.

The effects of drug abuse on health

Substances & disorders correlated with a wide range of brief - & long term health impacts. They can differ depending on the kind of drug, how much & how frequently it’s consumed & the individual’s overall health. In general, the impacts of drug abuse & reliance can be far – reaching. They can affect nearly

each organ within the human anatomy.

Consequences of drug addiction may comprise:

g A debilitated immune system increasing the chances of ailment & infection g Heart conditions extending from anomalous heart rates to cardiac arrest & collapsed veins & blood vessel diseases from infused drugs g Sickness & stomach pain, which can also lead to changes in cravings & weight loss g Increased pressure on the liver which puts the individual at danger of noteable liver damage or liver failure g Convulsion, stroke, mental perplexity & brain hemorrhage g Lung infection g Complications with memory, awareness & determination which make quotidian living more tough g Global impacts of drugs on the anatomy, such as breast development in men & increments in anotomy temperature, which can lead to other health issues.

Impacts of drug addiction on the brain:

All drugs – nicotine, cocaine, cannabis & others – affect the brain’s “reward” curcuit which is a portion of the limbic structure. This part of the brain influences intiutive & temperament. Drugs target this structure, which causes large sums of dopamine – a brain chemical which helps control emotions & sentiments of joy – to surge the brain. This surge of dopamine is what causes a “high.” It’s one of the crucial causes of drug addiction.

While the inceptive drug consumption maybe deliberate, drugs can change brain chemistry. This will really alter how the brain executes & interfere with an individual’s capacity to form options. It can lead to intense desires & compulsive drug consumption. Over time, this manner can turn into a substance reliance or drug & liqour addiction.

Drug impacts on behavior:

Substance consumption disorders can lead to numerous behavioral issues, both within the shor- & long term, which can incorporate: g Paranoi g Aggressiveness g Hallucinations g Addiction g Impaired Judgement g Impulsiveness g Loss of Self – Control

These impacts of drug abuse have significant results, like missed work, culpable offenses, mishap & wounds. In reality, drugs are mostly to accuse in an evaluated 80% of crimes leading to imprison time within the U.S. These incidents incorporate domestic violence, driving while inebriated & crimes related to harmed property. Within the past year, nearly 12 million individuals drove under the affect of illegal drugs, & nearly 4,000 lethally harmed drivers tested positive for drug association.

Impacts of addiction on the body & the brain:

Drug habit takes over & disrupts an individual’s key brain locales

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

Portion of the brain supervise for arranging, choice making & social behavior Drug abuse influences the individual’s capacity to think, make choices & use self – control.

EXTENDED AMYGDALA

The psychological handling center Nervousness & worry are expanded with withdrawal, which makes the individual search out for drug once more.

Addicted individuals will consume the drugs only to urge relief from the nervousness rather than searching for the actual high.

BASAL GANGLIA g g

The pleasure center With frequent usage, the drugs

Signs of intoxication:

Relying upon the type of drugs, the signs of intoxication varies. For example, K2, bath salts and spice.

A group of two synthetic drugs named synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones which are being illegal in most states possesses the hazardous effects and it is uncertain, despite there is no quality control and also some unknown ingredients maybe.

Sign sof the drug use:

Feel of the higher sensation Mood of elevation g Visual, auditory and the perception of taste sense will alternative g Level of madness and the uncertainty will be extreme g Hallucinations g Paranoia g Nausea g Dilemma g Heart rate rises, as well as the blood pressure or the massive heart attack, occurs.

This type of drugs may be cong g

sumed, snorted, injected or also be inhaled, moreover, it causes terrible intoxication that results in death.

Barbiturates, hypnotics and benzodiazepines are the drugs that cause the central nervous system depressants and are often being misused in the name of a relaxed state or a crave in order to ignore the thoughts related to stress and scepticism.

Nervousdisorder

The repeated practice of consuming drugs may cause some changes physically in the nerve towards the brain and also sometimes heavy dosage leads to be paralysed. Neurons in the brain are being implicated by drugs and the effect of drowsiness may persist longer even after the cease of the drug use.

Drawbacks

Drug addiction may retain the effects of short-term and long-term destructions. Moreover, some may be risky if the dosage drives higher or the combination of drugs with the other types of alcohol. Drugs dependent may generate a hazardous various number of harmful complications which comprises a contagious disease such as HIV (through sexual contact or by disseminating the needles), other health crises like a span of shortterm and long-term health issues physically and also it completely relies upon the usage of drugs. Accidents occur due to the drowsiness under the influence of drugs, drug addiction may have the possibility to commit suicide, changes in the behaviour may cause an issue of a misinterpretation in the family, can't endeavour the job and only the poor performance continues. Also, legally and socially the problems will occur and it leads to the severe depression.

Remedies top revent drug usage:

In case, if the usage of the drug goes beyond the control or resulting in severe health issues, the drug addict can afford the doctor, especially the psychiatrist will help for the long term recovery. Also, seek the help of an emergency in case if the drugs have been an overdose, transformations in consciousness, breathing trouble, convulsions, chest pain and the psychological disorder.

Many teenagers are striving with drug addiction that their usage of the drug is complicated and are hesitant to accept the treatment. For this type of cases, an intervention method may be utilized to prevent drug addiction. Intervention means it should be intended by the family and friends with the doctor's guidance or the professional counsellor with the license, Intervention is a conversation of heart to heart with the drug user about the impacts and consequences of drug addiction and confess him or her to abide the treatment psychologically.

15 September, 2020 Faridabad/Delhi NCR THEASIANCHRONICLE.COM

FIMI States Mining Industry Need Of Scientific Tools To Lessen The Risk Over Fluctuating Iron Ore Prices nation

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HARITHA SENTHILKUMAR

On 11th September 2020, the Federation of Indian Mineral Industries(FIMI) accentuated on the necessity to have a 'Structural Mechanism' in lieu of iron ore pricing stating that the risks prevail on both hands of the sellers and suppliers in the market by dint of wavering in the price of the main component used in the steelmaking.

As well, on considering the quality, quantity and price of the iron ore, it underlined on adopting scientific tools for monitoring.

Iron ore has been the extensively operating commodity both in India as well as across the world but when it comes to the point of risk management there is no much importance is given.

FIMI Vice President R L Mohanty said "The mining industry faces financial risks to its profitability, cash flows and in the entire value chain. The risks have shown to arise as a consequence of volatility in the exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices," Furthermore, he said In India, there is no structural mechanism for iron ore pricing and it directly depends on the demand and supply mix.

"There is risk involved for both supplier and seller in the market due

to fluctuating pricing," Mohanty explained while speaking at a virtual event on 'Risk management for iron ore markets and prices'.

"There is a need for increasingly scientific approaches to the estimation of risks in mining. To mitigate the risk there is a requirement of scientific tools to inculcate improve-

5 NEET special trains run with just 21 passengers

Shivani Shukla

Officials at Dehradun railway station were taken aback on Sunday afternoon when an ‘exam special’ train, meant for NEET aspirants, arrived completely empty at the station from Moradabad. A team of doctors, government officials and other railway staffers deputed at the platform to check the students on arrival went back empty-handed.

Sitaram Sonkar, station superintendent at Dehradun railway station, told TOI that “since there were over 18 centres for NEET in Dehradun and 12 in nearby Roorkee, the Railways had specially organised this train so that students could commute easily.

“It came as a surprise to us that no one took the train,” he added. Interestingly, attendance at the exam centres in Dehradun and Roorkee was high and a large number of students could be seen queuing up to appear for the exam. A Railways official said that “perhaps due to the Covid threat, students preferred to make their own arrangements to reach the exam centres rather than opting for the special trains.”

The fate of several other ‘exam specials’ operated by the Moradabad, Prayagraj and Agra divisions

was no better. According to Railways sources, the special NEET train that ran from Bareilly to Ghaziabad had just one passenger while the one from Bareillyto Lucknow had five. In all, the five special trains that the Moradabad railway division organised for NEET exam aspirants for travel to and from Dehradun, Roorkee, Lucknow and Moradabad got a total of 21 passengers. And the Railways, which spent lakhs on operating these trains, made a princely sum of Rs 1040.

ment in quantity, quality as well as pricing of iron ore. So that, the mining industry can have access to security in the future market," India, he said, produces around 220 million tonnes (MT) of iron ore annually, mainly mined in the Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Jharkhand.

Considering the uncertainties in the commodity cycle, it is essential to understand the current dynamics of steel/iron ore markets and business implications in a bid to better manage the risk of volatile iron ore prices and supplies for all stakeholders, including mining companies, steel plants and traders,

Mohanty said.

Hedging is one of the risk management tools for allowing mining companies to protect their profitability, revenue flows and balance sheets from the damaging effects of the commodity prices due to downside movements, he said.

Boom in Tractor Sales!

Ria Syal

According to the rating firm, while uncertainty progresses to exist concerning the pandemic, the rural Agri synopsis that matters more for muscular tractor demand is supportive of growth.

The domestic tractor market has rebounded solidly after primary setbacks due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent lockdown measures; it spoke.

"We have revised growth estimates based on the favourable rural market conditions. However, one cannot tractor volumes plummeted significantly in March and April but have seen a strong recovery since the relaxation of lockdowns in May", it added.

The agency announced there has been hardy growth in wholesale and retail sales overhead the past few months. It computed that the industry is supposed to have recorded a majestic around 72 percent growth in wholesale volumes and almost 27 percent jump in retail volumes on a y-oy basis in August.

Overall, the tractor Industry has remained elastic to enforced lockdowns vis-a-vis other automotive shares, it announced.

ICRA Vice-President Shamsher Dewan said, "The strong revival in tractor volumes in August 2020 was aided by healthy rabi cash flows across regions and progress of monsoon (in line with forecasts)."

He replied that original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have also been ramping up production levels to stock inventory forward of the festive season and are harnessing up for healthy sales for the rest of the year.

As per the report, healthy monsoon precipitation across regions to date, favourable Kharif crop outlook, aided by early sowing and seasonally eminent reservoir

levels, among others, support tractor demand.

Besides satisfactory funding availability has also been supportive, it stated.

ICRA Assistant Vice-President Rohan Kanwar Gupta said, "We have revised growth estimates based on the favourable rural market conditions. However, one cannot rule out the downside risk emanating from spells of unfavourable rainfall and floods leading to crop damage and supply chain disruption."

He added that based on the current circumstances, the credit outlook on the sector remains 'Stable'.

Defining Mental illness

15 September, 2020 Faridabad/Delhi NCR THEASIANCHRONICLE.COM

health

causing scientists to minimize the distinctions and other brain disorders.

Mental illness in the population

A mental illness can be defined as a health condition that changes a person’s thinking, feelings or behavior(or all three) that causes the person distress and difficulty in functioning. There are many different types of mental illnesses including depression, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism and obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD).

Each illness alters a person’s thoughts, feelings and/or behaviors in distinct ways. Not all brain diseases are categorized as mental illnesses. Disorders such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis are brain disorders, but they are considered to be neurological diseases rather than mental illnesses. Interestingly, the lines between mental illnesses and other brain or neurological disorders are blurring somewhat.

As scientists continue to investigate the brains of people with mental illnesses, they are learning that mental illness is associated with changes in the brain’s structure, chemistry and function and mental illness does have a biological basis.

This ongoing research, in some ways,

Many people feel that mental illness is rare, something that happens to people with threatening life situations.

Mental Illnesses in Adults

Estimates are that at least one in four

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nosed with anxiety disorders like panic attacks.

Eight million people have depression each year.

Two million people have schizophrenia and other related disorders.

under 12, but occurs in about 3 of every 1000 adolescents.

According to the National Mental Health Association, these are some statistics about mental health in children

A physical exam: Your doctor will

Mental Illness in Children & Adolescents

How to cure Mental Health

Diagnosis: To determine your diag-

nosis and check for related complications, you may have. try to rule out any physical problems that could cause symptoms.

Image Courtesy/ Medulance

people are affected by mental illness either directly or indirectly. Consider the following statistics:

According to the recent estimates, approximately 20% of Americans, or about one in five people over the age of 18, suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

Four out of ten leading causes of disability- major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and OCD are mental illnesses.

About 3% of population have more than one mental illnesses at a time.

About 5% of population are seriously affected by mental disorders.

Approximately 20% patients are diag-

and adolescents: Mental health problems affect one in every five young people at any given time.

An estimated two- thirds of all young people with mental health problems are not receiving the help they need.

Less than one-third of the children under 18 have a serious mental health problem.

1 in every 33 children may be depressed. Depression in adolescents maybe as high as in 1 in 8.

Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15-24 year old and the sixth leading cause of death for 5 to 15 year old.

Schizophrenia is rare in children

Lab Tests: These may include a check of your thyroid functions and blood tests.

A psychological exam: A doctor or a mental health professional talks to you about your symptoms, thoughts and behavior patterns.

By Akshinta Das

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Facts to know before using skincare products life style

15 September, 2020 Faridabad/Delhi NCR THEASIANCHRONICLE.COM

Pratyasha Mohanty

Skin care is part of a healthy lifestyle. Taking good care of your skin is important for more than just our appearance. As skin covers the largest part of our body and thus it is essential to our general health.

Even if your skin is glowing and beautiful today, there is no guarantee that will be the case tomorrow. This is because your skin cells are shedding on a daily basis. The skin that is revealed in the future can be dull and full of imperfections unless you are utilizing a proper skin care routine.

When it comes to skin care, there is no question that prevention is easier than fixing a problem. Doing things like wearing sunscreen, washing your face daily, and using a good moisturizer can prevent invasive treatments down the road. Neglect can result in many preventable problems. Having beautiful skin as you get older means making smart choices throughout your life. Just as doing the right things now can help you down the road, bad skin care choices can have lifelong impacts.

And thus for maintaining a beautiful skin , the most popular way is using different skincare products. It is observed that most women use around twelve personal care products in a single day, many of them containing different harmful ingredients mostly in the form of chemicals. Skincare specialists have now compiled a list of the harmful ingredients that are present in beauty and skincare products.

They search for them on the labels of our skincare products and analyse the connection between these ingredients and certain health problems.

As per a research it has been found that the skin absorbs up to 60% of the chemicals in products. They then come into direct contact with the bloodstream. So what we put on our skin should be as clean as what we eat, but most people are unaware of the situation.

Even when using small amounts of the product, many of the chemicals commonly found can have tremendous health and hormonal impact.

A lot of ingredients found in traditional skincare products like face washes, lotions, sunscreen, etc, have now been linked to health issues such as allergies, eczema, cancer, hormonal disruption, and reproductive problems.

So yes your skincare can make a person sick.

We need to feed our skin nutrients, not poison . Below are the few toxic ingredients to avoid in skincare products:

DMDM HYDANTOIN & UREA

(Imidazolidinyl)- Usually found in skincare products like cosmetics, shampoos and conditioners.

These preservatives often release formaldehyde which may cause joint pain, skin allergies, headaches, and loss of sleep.

PARABENS

Parabens are an inexpensive and common type of preservative used in many different skincare products to keep the product fresh.

dry and flaking skin, allergies and redness. It is a harsh detergent that removes the natural oils from your skin when used.

SILOXANES

Look for ingredients ending in "-siloxane" or "-methicone." Used in a variety of cosmetics to soften, smooth and moisten. Suspected endocrine disrupter and reproductive toxicant (cyclotetrasiloxane).

They also prevent the product from harbouring harmful bacteria. There was a scare when parabens were found in breast tumours and may contribute to hormone imbalance.

SODIUM LAURYL SULPHATE/ SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE (SLS)

Skincare products contain this ingredient because of their surfactant nature, and its many uses include skin-conditioning agents.

Ironically, SLS is one of the most sensitizing ingredients used in skincare products. It is a known skin and eye irritant. SLS can cause

MINERAL OIL A petroleum by-product that coats the skin like plastic, clogging its pores. Usually found in creams, lotions, ointments, and cosmetics.

This is incredibly harmful because it interferes with skin’s ability to eliminate toxins, therefore increasing likelihood of acne and other disorders.

COAL TAR

Coal tar provides the base for vibrant and brighter colours. They make up the many shades of lipsticks and eyeshadows available in the market. It is also an extremely heavy substance and weighs down the skin. This causes skin irritation, resulting in acne and allergic breakouts. Studies have shown that coal tar is a carcinogen.

HYDROQUINONE

It is an aromatic compound in skincare products that acts as a skin lightening agent.

It bleaches the skin. But it leads to skin problems, more blemishes, and even pre-aging. It is a possible cause of a skin disease called “ochronosis”, where permanent patches of black or blue remain on the skin. Hydroquinone is also a possible carcinogen.

Thus we canconclude that the products used in skincare products are chemical carcinogens. These products have many harmful factors which may have negative effects, therefore it’s a good idea to take precautionary steps to avoid excessive usage.

It is a pretty well-known fact that you will feel better when you look better. Having a daily skin care routine helps you to look your best and put your best foot forward when you go out into the world. All in all, for great looking skin, consume a healthy diet that includes fruits and vegetables which are easily available and have no side effects. And use organic and natural alternatives which are available.

Because these products are today a necessary part of our daily lives we cannot avoid them totally, but we can limit their use and avoid their worst impacts.

NEP’s Approach to Language : An Appraisal

15 September, 2020 Faridabad/Delhi NCR THEASIANCHRONICLE.COM

with the imposition of Macaulay English Education Act in 1935, the native languages like Hindi, Urdu and Sanskrit gradually ceased to be the medium of instruction in traditional schools. In the post colonial Bharat, the bias for English at the cost of native languages and Dr Vijoy Kant Das dialects was wilMember, fully continued Bihar State University for nearly 70 years. This led to Service Commission, alarming consequences -- 220 languages became extinct in the last 50 years, 197 languages were declared endangered by UNESCO, and some languages listed in the 8th schedule of the constitution began facing problem.

For the first time after independence, the sovereign Bharat, through NEP : 2020, showed its concern for native languages as integral part of its diverse culture.

The usage of regional languages or dialects as medium of instruction at the initial levels of learning process will not only help preserve the specific languages as well as dialects and ethnic cultures associated to them, but also aid the cognitive potential of the infant learners. The policy in this regard respects every single language and dialect of every ethnic group of all regions and gives an option of three languages, out of which one may be a foreign one. This is a highly liberal and democratic approach to the choice of languages, where choice rests with the state, the region and the learner. Nothing has been imposed from above. The effectiveness of mother tongue as medium of instruction at initial levels has been scientifically proved in the world. And people of the country get it after 70 years of independence!

Providing formal education in the medium of native languages entails massive preparation -- trained language teachers and textbooks for all subjects, in each and every native language. Since language policy will be applicable to both private and govt. schools, the onus of providing textbooks in a multi-

opinion

tude of native languages rests on the central and the state governments. The policy makers are aware of this gigantic issue. To address this challenge, an Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation (IITI) is proposed to be set up. IITI will have countrywide presence as department of Translation and Interpretation in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to produce textbooks in local languages and, parallel to this, conducting quality programme for degree in translation and interpretation. Another uphill task for the government machinery is to make available competent language teachers. This may be addressed by state governments who will recruit and train such teachers before their deployment in schools. This measure will go a long way in creating employment opportunity for vernacular teachers. There are universities and colleges running degree programmes in some of these regional languages, but lack of job potential rendered these courses, in the long run, unpopular. Now this stream of learning will gain momentum and vernacular languages will get desired fillip.

An impressive feature of the language policy of NEP is the measures to strike a healthy and pragmatic balance among three classes of language -- native languages, classical languages and foreign languages. The value and utility of all the three classes of language have been duly recognised. The NEP recognises the fact that children pick up languages extremely quickly between the ages 2 and 8 and also that multilingualism has enormous cognitive benefits for young learners. As such, it is proposed that up to grade II the emphasis will be on the mother tongue, while two other languages will be read from grade III to V; in grades VI to XII the learners will be given option of two classical languages out of Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Odiya, Pali, Prakrit and Persian; at the secondary level the learners

will be have a choice of a foreign language like English, Korean, Japanese, Thai, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese and Russian.

The languages listed in the 8th Schedule of the constitution are proposed to be preserved and enriched by setting up separate academics for each language.

Classical languages are to be preserved and enriched through National Institute(s) for Pali, Persian and Prakrit. Besides, Sanskrit universities are proposed to be transformed into large multidisciplinary institutions of higher learning. And finally, the proposal to standardise Indian Sign languages (ISL) for deaf and mute learners is a welcome step. This becomes relevant in view of the fact that, as of now, many variants of sign language are in currency, like Bangalore– Madras sign language, Bombay sign language, Calcutta sign language, Punjab sign language, Alipur sign language, etc.

The language policy of the NEP is a well considered endeavour to preserve and promote Bharat’s cultural wealth with a view to developing a unified national identity. It will develop in young students a sense of being rooted to their soil and make them pride in Bharat. The NEP document states, “language , of course, is inexplicably linked to art and culture ......In order to preserve and promote culture, one must preserve and promote a culture’s language.” This notion regarding the roots and significance of language demolishes the popular perception, carefully nurtured for the last 70 years, that language is a sheer sign or mode of inter-personal communication, harnessed to maximal materialistic advantage. The language policy endorses, what Sri Atul Kothari, eminent educational thinker, opined –“Language is the carrier of culture and sanskar. With the decadence of language, culture and sanskar also decay; with a change in language, values also change”.

The bold efforts of the NEP to rehabilitate indigenous languages

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merits whole-hearted welcome and loud applause. Indian languages are, NEP document observes, ‘the richest, most scientific, most beautiful, and most expressive’. Being well educated in one’s own language, as demonstrated by many developed countries, is ‘a huge benefit to educational, social, and technological advancement’. Besides, ‘for purpose of cultural enrichment as well as national integration , all young Indians should be aware of the rich and vast array of languages of their country’--the NEP aptly observes. With this end in mind the NEP recommends that students in grades VI- VIII will participate in fun project or activity to learn about the unifying properties of the major Bharatiya languages--their common phonetics, scientifically ordered alphabet, common grammatical structures, their common origin, and indigenous sources of vocabulary been hearing with interest a catchy slogan regarding her culture – ‘Unity in diversity’. However, our experience so far in the post colonial period shows that we only noticed ‘diversity’ of cultures often at war amongst themselves, but we hardly ever perceived any ‘unity’ amongst them giving us the feel of ‘One Bharat’. The required unity and cohesion of cultures is sought to be forged, to a great extent, by this language policy. It needed the vision and perception of a statesman to let the diversity of cultures freely thrive and flourish while, at the same time, to make every cultural and ethnic group feel and experience that all indigenous cultures are inextricably interwoven and intertwined together with threads stemming from one and the same embryo. The scheme of languages of NEP seeks to execute this onerous mission of unifying the varied cultures of the country.

Every Bharatiya must welcome this. Any criticism of this policy in the name of Hindi, which has not been imposed, or in the name of English , which has not been banished, is grossly misplaced. It is high time that the people of Bharat, especially the intelligentsia, rise above petty political and parochial considerations and contribute to make a sweet symphony using the varied sounds and tones of nearly 2000 languages representing as many shades of cultures that Bharat has.

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15 September, 2020 Faridabad/Delhi NCR THEASIANCHRONICLE.COM

Sodium-Ion Batteries to Pave Way For The Future technology

Sajeeda Feroz

Sodium-ion rechargeable batteries could soon be an inexpensive and resource-saving alternative to the present lithium-ion ones. HighEnd prototypes and ingeniousdiscoveries in basic research have made a breakthrough seem forthcoming in the foreseeable future.Sodium-ion battery manufacturing enables a country to take ownership of its energy security the energy supply chain, at low cost and low risk, says James Quinn CEO of Faradion.

Since the last 4000 years, after the invention of the wheel, human transport has hardly evolved. The advent of the internal combustion engine (ICE) has substantially changed the way we travel today.

Despite regular micro-inventions, the fundamentals of ICE and its reliance on lead acid batteries has remained unchanged from the 1890s until today. In the 1970s, there arose a competition to invent more sustainable batteries and a decade of innovation lead to the birth of the first commercially viable lithium-ion batteryin 1985.Lithium-ion batteries revolutionised our lives since they first entered the market in 1991.

Although electric vehicles and electric modes of transport are the new rage today, their limited range, high prices, a cumbersome charging infrastructure and resource-intensive battery production have delayed a rapid turnaround. For electric vehicles to come into more widespread use, batteries must become even more powerful, durable, sustainable and cost-effective.

Electro-mobility, combined with renewable electricity production, is widely regarded aclimate-friendly model for the future.

However,lithium-ion batteries are still expensive and have major sustainability issues. Use of lithium in rechargeable batteries has slowed down the large-scale electrification of vehicles across the world.

The advantage of lithium-ion batteries isthat,lithium ions flowback and forth between the anode and cathode and are not based upon chemical reactions that break down the electrodes. These batteries are exclusively reliant on finite metals that are difficult to extract from the earth’s crust. Even under highly optimistic production assumptions, there will be insufficient supply in the medium term.

China controls most of the world’s cell battery material supply chain,representing more than 80 per cent of battery costs. With

more than 75 per cent of world’s lithium-ion manufacturing capacity, its lithium reserves are 30 times greater than those of the US. 72 per cent of the world’s reserves of cobalt are in Democratic Republic of Congowhich is largely owned

by China.

As the world seeks to distance itself from its over-dependence on China (particularly noteworthy in recent policy shifts from the US and India), lithium-ion batteries will never be the answer for a cleaner, more sustainable environment for future generations.

Sodium to replace lithium

The solution could be sodium-ion batteries, whose development has recently made astonishing progress and they could replace the lithiumion batteries currently used not only in electric vehicles, but also in smartphones and laptops in the foreseeable future. Although sodium does not have the energy density of the comparatively rare lithium, it is cheaply available.

Some reasons why Sodium is a better choice comparing Lithium

m It is proven that the sodiumionmatches lead-acid cost of ownership, with performance as good as lithium-ion or more as

they are chemically similar. m A country can invest in its own supply chain, moving away from Chinese dependency. m Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the earth’s crust, so there is no scarcity. m Sodium-ion batteries are safer as they can be discharged to 0 V (zero energy) unlike lithium- ion batteries. m Availability of cheaper precursor materials, benefitting from cobalt-free cell chemistry, with no need for graphite, copper or lithium either. m Does not consume any scarcely available raw materials.Powerful anodes can be produced from lignite, wood and other biomass. Cathodes can be produced from simple table salt.

However, the current performance of sodium-ion batteries lags behind that of lithium-ion batteries by about 20 years. For decades, research has been concentrated solely on the more powerful lithium. Although recently, there have not only emerged groundbreaking scientific publications, but also very promising prototypes.

Research into sodium-ion batteries has been going on since the eighties in an attempt to find a cheaper alternative to lithium.

By using salt, the sixth most com-

mon element on the planet, batteries can be made much cheaper.

Commercialising the batteries is expected to begin for smartphones, cars and more in the next five to 10 years.

A South Korean sodium-ion battery managed to handle about 500 complete charging cycles before its capacity dropped to 80%. A battery with a slightly different chemical structure devised by a US-Chinese research group achieved 450 charge cycles with a similar charging capacity and a Chinese sodium-ion battery had a slightly lower capacity, but still retained 70% of its capacity after 1,200 cycles of quick 12-minute charging.

This doesn’t sound like muchon paper,but in reality, these batteries could survive many more charge cycles, because in everyday life batteries tend to be only partially charged and discharged.The complete loading and unloading of a battery in an experiment strains the cell.

However, sodium has two disadvantages. For one, it is three times heavier than lithium, therefore sodium-ion batteries are also heavier. Comparatively lithium accounts for less than 5% of the total weight of a battery. In addition, sodium batteries are less powerful because they inevitably lose around 10% of their energy density due to a 0.3-volt lower cell voltage.

This is owing to the fact that the graphite anodes that have been used until now absorb too little sodium.

Fortunately, sodium-ion batteries are no longer just a theoretical concept. A breakthrough seems imminent that will soon see them become practical reality. The latest research results show that there are already tangible, affordable and resource-saving alternatives to the expensive lithium-ion batteries and that their performance can possibly be significantly increased by multilayer storage.

It will certainly take some time before sodium-ion batteries reach a stage of technical maturity and can be produced in large quantities to satisfy the needs of electric vehicles and when that does happen, the transition from lithium- to sodium-ion batteries will be largely feasibleowing to the fairly similar technology involved.

Long story short, manufacturingsodium-ion batteries enables a country to take ownership of its energy security and the energy supply chain with minimised costs and risks. Economies will soon be faced with a choice of technologies to enhance their needs for sustainability. The winner of this race will be determined not just by the price and efficacy, but also by supply chain security considerations.

15 September, 2020 Faridabad/Delhi NCR THEASIANCHRONICLE.COM

HIKE in Crime Rates of Bihar nation

Ria Syal

RJD uses government data to stress how evil has surged distinctly in Bihar Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar’s claim of reformed law and order has got a whipping due to a marked surge in crime, proffering the Opposition parties a shred of evidence to combat the JD(U)-BJP government.

A mounting in abductions, molestations, shootings, and communal flareups has quartered Bihar over in jeopardy of undergoing the ‘lawless’ tag. The rape of minor girls at the government-funded Muzaffarpur shelter roof and the communal flare-ups throughout Ram Navmi have popped the picture of the state and the CM. From August 2017 to June 2018, cognizable delinquencies detected a 20 percent hike in Bihar. During these 11 months, the police filed 2.31 lakh criminal transgressions, of which 2,722 were murders and 1,278 rapes.

During the 11 months of the RJDJD(U)-Congress government, 1.91 lakh cognizable transgressions took place. Between August 2016 and June 2017, as diverse as 2,468 murders and 1,044 rapes were reported.

According to the data accessible with the police, criminal occurrences grew by 21 percent after the NDA arose to reign again in July 2017. Rape and murder saw a 23 percent and 11 percent advance, respectively, from August 2017 to June 2018 as equated to the last 11 months of the former government.

Even though the crime data of August 2018 is yet to be organized, the tentative figures show a lift in major crimes.

While 236 murders were proclaimed in August 2017, the figure touched 284 in August 2018, an addition of 20.3 percent.

When Nitish first came to leadership in 2005 after ousting the 15-year-old RJD regime, his precedence was to tackle the prevalent lawlessness preponderating in Bihar. He guaranteed strict enforcement of the law, the arrest of felons, and their condemnation through expeditious trials in fast-track courts. The achievement in tackling crime led to the RJD being nearly wiped out in 2010. But the scenario is now altered.

“Nitish Kumar basks in the praise showered on him as ‘Sushashan Babu’ (man of good governance), but law and order have nosedived ever since he allied with the BJP in a betrayal of the people’s mandate,” stated RJD leader Tejashwi Yadav.

The ruling JD(U) and BJP, however, dissent. “Incidents of crime occur for various reasons, but what matters is ensuring that the culprits are arrested and convicted. Our government is known for the rule of law. Unlike in the RJD regime, criminals no longer get backing of the ruling parties,” declared JD(U) spokesperson Neeraj Kumar.

Much of the police’s force is employed on reinforcing repudiation due to the fruitful bribes befalling in the way. This has commenced calls for departing the police from prohibition related duty.

Fighting crimes Digitally Bihar Police has contracted a Rs 223crore agreement with TCS to implement the Crime and Criminal Tracking Networks and Systems. It’ll connect all police stations and more eminent offices digitally and make citizen-centric assistance accessible on the Internet.

Police can get a comprehensive record of any criminal on the Network, which will be operated out in Bihar over the next 5 years. It will enable citizens to file complaints online and use services such as character and address verification, vehicle thefts, etc. The state will fund Rs 206 crore for the outline expense.

8

CCI against abuse article

Akshinta Das

The Competition Commission of India(CCI) has dismissed a case of abuse of dominance alleged against Amazon Sellers Services by Dutch Brand Beverly Hills Polo Club on Friday.

According to the order, BHPC, the informant, claimed that Amazon Sellers Service, through it’s dominance of the of the online fashion retail space and together with its affiliates Amazon Exports and Clouldtail India, created unfair market conditions and barriers to entry relevant to India.

The informant stated that the online marketplace amazon.in was selling counterfeited, unauthorised and unlicensed products of the originals products of BHPC at a much cheaper rate. This practice was causing great reputational harm to the company, BHPC. Further, it stated that Amazon provided deep discounts on products being sold through its preferred sellers Amazon Exports and Cloudtail, while giving them higher search rankings and ensuring better customer reviews, thus foreclosing competition within the supplier markets

as well.

On the allegations of abuse of dominance, the CCI noted that there are multiple players operating in the relevant market for services provided by online platforms in India.

Citing a Red Seer Project from June 2019, the regulator said there was horizontal competition from Flipkart and vertical competition from brands like Myntra, Ajio, and Koovs.

Within the online fashion segment, the share of large marketplaces like Amazon and Flipkart is estimated at 35%, the report said.

“In the absence of dominance, the question of abuse of dominance position does not arise,” the CCI order said.

It seems unlikely that the alleged conduct would have alleged appreciable adverse effect of competition, to conclude a prima facie case of contravention” the CCI said directing closure of the case.

On the issue of reputational harm caused to the brand from sale of counterfeit products, “The issue does not lend itself to antitrust scrutiny,” the CCI said, asking the informant to address the issue with other appropriate legal or regulatory instruments.

BJP to launch toll-free number to talk about Atmanirbhar Bihar

Manikya Dheeren

On Thursday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the digital launch of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) urged the people of Bihar to lead the way for self reliance of the nation by focussing on indigenous products such as makhana, zardalu mangoes, litchi and madhubani paintings.

BJP president JP Nadda is expected to launch the Atmanirbhar campaign in Patna on Saturday, where he will also meet the fishing community members from the state. The party's national organisation secretary BL Santhosh was in the state earlier this week, and had held a spate of meetings with different departments of the party state unit.

Making Atmanirbhar Bihar its main electoral pitch for the up-

coming assembly elections, the BJP will launch a toll-free number soon for the state, asking people to call and give their views on how the movement "vocal for

local" can be taken forward.

A party functionary said the launch of the toll-free number was to make Atmanirbhar Bihar a movement with people's partici-

pation and to get them to engage with the party on what their vision was. The party is also getting ready to prepare its vision document which is also likely to be centred around the Atma Nirbhar campaign.

Apart from the toll-free number, the BJP has also prepared a theme song, and is getting ready to send out over a hundred digital raths with LEDs into the state. The calls to the number will be monitored by a group of trained personnel, a party functionary stated.

Earlier this week, the Opposition Rashtriya Janta Dal (RJD) had launched a toll-free number calling upon the youth to call and talk about the lack of jobs in the state.BJP president JP Nadda is expected to launch the Atmanirbhar campaign in Patna on Saturday, where he will also meet the fishing community members from the state. The party’s na-

tional organisation secretary BL Santhosh was in the state earlier this week, and had held a spate of meetings with different departments of the party state unit.

While launching the RJD’s number Tejashwi Yadav had alleged that Bihar had over 4.50 lakh vacancies in various departments including police and others, but the state government was playing politics instead of fulfilling the vacancies.

The BJP has often launched tollfree numbers to promote its political campaigns. It launched one to garner support on Citizenship Amendment Act, and also one in Bihar to enable people to call and register their complaints of corruption against the Trinamool Congress government in the state.

The membership drive of the party has also been on missed calls.

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