ARTIKLID LÕPUTÖÖDEST
NAISTE LUUTIHEDUST MÕJUTAVAD TEGURID Factors Affecting Bone Density in Women Hannaliis Luts, Ülle Parm, Anna-Liisa Tamm Abstract Loss of bone mass leads to osteopenia and osteoporosis, increasing the risk of fractures. Studies focus more on bone mineral density (BMD) in children and elderly; information regarding risk factors for BMD in healthy adults is conflicting. The aim of this study was to assess BMD and its risk factors in women of different ages, with different physical activity levels and diets. The study group (n = 198) consisted of (1) women who followed the Fitlap diet plan for at least the last three years (n = 34); (2) physically active (training load per week ≥ 5h; n = 33); (3) elderly (≥ 65-year-old women; n = 35); (4) control group (training load ≤ 5h per week, did not follow any diet plan). The research tools were a questionnaire (background information and a three-day dietary recall), bone densitometry (DXA, Lunar; to determine body composition, including BMD), blood analysis and the Nutridata program (assessing the dietary availability of macro- and micronutrients: calcium, magnesium, vitamins B12 and D). Descriptive statistics, t-test or Mann-Whitney test and χ2 test (p-value ≤0.008) were used for statistical processing. Linear regression analysis (p-value ≤0.05) was used to assess the effect of group membership and different measured parameters to BMD. The results are based on the results of a more extensive applied study, which received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu (protocol no. 340/T-2, 19.04.2021). The results showed that membership in the Fitlap group had a positive effect on whole body and lumbar region BMD (respectively, coef. 0.08; p<0.001; coef. 0.1; p<0.001); however, belonging to elderly group had a negative effect on BMD in every region studied (all coef. -0.1; p<0.001); belonging to physically active group had a positive effect on femoral neck aBMD (coef. 0.06; p = 0.025). 32
