Finbar Charleson_Y4 |Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture

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TOTEM FOR COAST SALISH EMANCIPATION

FINBAR CHARLESON YEAR 4

UNIT

Y5 FC

THE LONGHOUSE

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FINBAR CHARLESON YEAR 4 finbarcharleson@live.co.uk finbarcharleson.com @finbarcharleson

T H E LO N G H O U S E Totem for Coast Salish Emancipation Vancouver, Canada

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ollowing a synthesis of research into Northwest Native art, architecture and anthropological history with contemporary developments in indigenous land claims, the project speculates on the expansion of the Hul’q’umi’num’ Treaty Group from 5 tribes to the estimate 71 communities of the Coast Salish region, recognising opportunity within the relationship between historic land claims and the economic growth seen in real estate markets in the Metro Vancouver area.

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Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative design research methods the project looks to reveal narratives of material culture, environment and economy in the Northwest Native region to provoke questions of the contemporary urban condition, whilst leveraging advanced computational tools and technical knowledge of high rise and engineered timber solutions, arriving a resolved building proposal.

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The project proposes a timber high rise in downtown Vancouver combining public cultural programs with the technical and legislative processes of a successful land claim. The timber tower stands in direct dialogue with the steel and glass structures of downtown Vancouver whilst offering a contemporary interpretation of the traditional Longhouse. Within which, the Potlatch is set to take place; a gift giving ceremony which is at once a source of entertainment and representative of the Northwest Native tradition of displaying capital through philanthropy.

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3m

6m

L 10 Plan 1:100

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A central response to the research is the Tattoo.

Although the program provides a platform for the artisan craft of wood carving, the building itself employs a system of carved and painted structural members delineating the primary stress lines from the creative application of computational tools. The tattoos at once communicate the story of the building’s tectonics whilst providing a Rorschach test effect similar to the ornamented Totems, columns and walls of the Coast Salish Longhouse, abstracted over time and opened to reinterpretation.

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THE LONGHOUSE A Totem for Coast Salish Emancipation

SALISH ASSEMBLY

Finbar Charleson MArch Yr 4

Unit 14 Pioneering Sentiment

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CONTENTS I DESIGN RESEARCH Synopsis Narrative Themes Tectonic Culture The Longhouse The Totem Settlement Hul’qumi’num TG vs. Canada

II BRIEF Treaty Claims Process Salish Assembly Siting the Totem Totem Tower Vancouver: Salish Capital

III CONCEPT DESIGN Organisation Engeneering Timber Tower Typology Urban Strategy Core Principles Form Finding Vertical Load Accumulation Branching Massing Movement Framing Growth

IV DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Bundling Superstructure Tall Timber General Arrangement Vertical Movement Plinth Development Facade Development Veil Crown

V DETAIL DESIGN Constructing The Longhouse Structural Bay Breathing Building Connection Design Terrace Elements Tattoo Emergence Density Carving the Core Integration

VI FINAL DRAWINGS Skyline Plinth Urban Figure Vantage Streetscape Urban Ritual

VII Appendix

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I DESIGN RESEARCH

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Hisoric

Contemporary Northwest Fishing Practice

Tlingit

Tsimshian

Haida

Technology

Northwest Native Land Claims

2000 BC Ozette Whale Bones dating early Makah Whaling Pactices.

1791 First Western whaling vessels introduced in Northwest

1855 Treaty of Neah Bay, ceding land to Federal Government whilst protecting right of whaling, fishing and sealing.

1946 International whaling commision following the extincion of the gray whale.

1920s End of Makah Whaling Practice

1911 American Pacific Whaling Company

1995 Makah ReAssert Right to Whaling

1999 First Makah hunt in 70 years.

2007 5 Makah tribale members hunt in Strait of Juan de Fuca

Tradional Hul’qumi’num Territory

Vancouver

t Land Grea Grab of

Skedans/ Ninstints

1884

Projecte

Humpback

Blue

Sperm

Minke

Fin

Northern Pacific Right

Gray

d Oil

Tanker

Route

1:500,000

Sei TH E G R E AT L A N D G R A B i n h u l’ q u m i ’ n u m t e r r i t o r y

Shortfinned Pilot

Northwest Logging Industry

Expression

Infrastructure

Kwakiutl

Dam deconstruction.

Sacred native land know as the place of creation for the Elwha tribe revealed following dam deconstruction.

4.0 3.5

Billion Board Feet

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

1995 US Glulam Imports from Japan

0

0 1960

Bella Coola

1970

1990

1980

2000

Log exports from Pacific Northwest

Typical ‘Steam Donkey’

600

Thousand Cubic Meters

500 400 300 200 100

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

‘Splash Dam’ Originating from the late 1800s 1:3,000,000

Nootkah

Settlement

Celilo Falls Flooding 1:3,000,000

1:50,000

Makah Salish Quinault Chinook Wishram (North Bank)

Tillamook

Lewis and Clark Expeditions

Dalles Dam Construction

1805

1957

Wasco (South Bank)

First Settlement 15,000 BC

N 0

50k

100km

Key Themes The project is sited within the Northwest Native cultural region. The first civilisation to thrive without agriculture as a result of a rich protein source in the rivers and ocean of the Northwest Pacific Coast.

Architectural, anthropological and technological research gave rise to thre key themes: Technology, Expression and Settlement as a rich territory to form a brief.

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Pioneering Spirit Lewis and Clarke’s expedition in 1806 was a crucial moment in American History. Theirs is a story of tremendous hardship, success and failure in negotiating the crossing of the American West and relations with indigenous peoples.

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Pioneering The logging industry in Washington has seen huge success through the population boom, and innovations in timber technology whilst The Great Depressions and Mount Saint Helens eruptions lead to expected developments in manufacturing and land management.

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Arborvitae The Western Red Cedar

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Yakima Pithouse

Plateau Extended Tipi

Makah Plank House

Salish Shed House

Tillamook Shed House

Quinault House

Salish Shed House

Tillamook Shed House

Kaikutl House

Haida House

Settlement Many of the communities in the Northwest were not nomadic, constructing fishing villages and both temporary and permanant structures on the beaches and hillsides of the coast. The native communities of the Northwest developed sophisticated tools for felling and construction without modern metallurgy.

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‘Devouring Mouth’ in Tsadsisnukwomi.

‘Displayed Figure’ of Xumtaspi-Nawittle

Thuderbird and whale represent the triumph of the ‘Upper World’ over the ‘Underworld.’

Sophisticated interlocking log structures surrounding a sunken pit, typical of the central region.

Kwakiutl At the northernmost point of Vancouver Island. The rugged landscape has given rise to illustrative designs for the gables of the timber frames structures as well as complex totems.

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‘The House Where Everyone Wants to Go’ The Haida developed a complex six beam structure surrounding a stepped sunken pit.

Dispersed fishing village arrangement in Haida.

Haida The Haida are known for their craftsmanship, trading skills, and seamanship, having occupied Haida Gwaii for over 17,000 years.

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6 1 5

1

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Loads are transfered around opening of totem

Single entrance through totem, creates a procession

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Roof cavity to allow to natural stack ventilation

Significant depression toward center of longhouse, making use of ground as enclosure

Learning from the Long House Despite the simple form, there a number of lessons to be taken from the longhouse typology from ventilation, organisation to access and egress.

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3

6

Members are chamfered, acheiving better tesselation than in the round

Smaller scale spaces arrayed around depression

Purlins

Primary Long Spanning Beams

House Post

Lateral House post

Rectilinear longspace beams

Facade planks

Timber lined depression

House Post The house post is a decorated column within the Longhouse serving the purpose of holding up the roof and telling the story of those beneath it.

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‘The erection of a totem pole would usually be celebrated by a potlatch.

At this time, the stories pertaining to the crests they displayed were shown, and

rights of the family to claim the privileges were publicly witnessed’ the

Burrard Street Bridge Welcome Pole

Alert Bay Memorial Pole

Alert Bay Thunderbird House Post

Totem There are 5 main types of northwest native totem including the Welcome Pole, Memorial Pole, House Post, Mortuary Pole and the Crest Pole. All of which speak of the community that erected it.

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Cheif Skedans Mortuary Pole

Kwakwaka wakw Crest Pole

1:750,000

Salish Sea The US/Canada Border at Blaine, WA cuts the Northwest Native cultural region in half. The body of water surrounding Washington, Mainland British Columbia and Vancouver island is known as the Salish Sea, home to millions of Canadians, Americans and Indigenous peoples.

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Campbell River 35,138

Squamish

Courtenay

19,512

24,099

Port Alberni

Vancouver

17,743

647,540

Tofino 1,876

Nanaimo

Ucluelet

83,810

1,627

Bellingham 87,574

Jordan River

Victoria

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84,289 Makah Reservation 1,356

Elwha Reservation

Forks

776 Port Townsend

3,783

9,527

Seattle 704,352 Quinault Reservation 1,370

Tacoma 211,277 Aberdeen

Olympia

16,334

51,202

Salish Settlements 2 million people live around the Salish Sea and the Northwest Coast. The rugged western coastline is largely home to indigenous communities and those in pursuit of adventure whilst the inland areas along i5 contains most of the population.

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Tradional Hul’qumi’num Territory

Vancouver

nd

t La

ea

Gr ab Gr of 4

8 18

Proje

cted

Oil

Tan ker Rou te

1:500,000

TH E G R E AT L A N D G R A B i n h u l’ q u m i ’ n u m t e r r i t o r y

Hul’qumi’num A treaty group formed by six tribes: Chemainus, Cowichan, Halalt, Lake Cowichan, Lyackson and Penelakut. The group is engaged in a legal battle with the Canadian government to regain land and compensation following the ‘Great Land Grab’ by the E+N railway in the 1880s.

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Fighting for Heritage Growiung numbers of First Nation communities are campaigning to aquire land previously taken at the time of pioneering settlers in British Columbia. The Hul’qumi’num Treaty Group have employed lawyers and partnered with researchers to regain their ancestral home.

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Regaining Autonomy Following the struggles of numerable activists and lawyers, the treaty group regain autonomy of land and industry allowing for a transition of businesses from private Canadian owners to the Salish people in logging, shipping and fishing industries.

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Territory Following the aquisition of the timberlands, ports and waterways of the Central Salish Sea, the Hul’qumi’num Treaty Group are in a prime position to develop a capital along The Fraser River, at the intersection of contemporary Canada and the ancestral home of the Salish Tribes.

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To Vancouver

To S

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ttle

Gateway Deas Island lies at the intersection of Highway 99 and The Fraser River. Following a bridge, the road submerges before rising in Richmond British Columbia.

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Passing through the Salish Gateway

Assembly

Archive

Workshop

Capital The island provides a unique opportunity for a civic centre within the Salish Community. Accesible from either side, the project would mediate the history of the Salish People and the contemporary needs for financial, social and environmental interface.

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Ministries

II BRIEF

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BRIEF

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3000 BC -

1862

1927

1792

1876

George Vancouver arrives in the Burrard Inlet to the northern of the modern day peninsular of vancouver.

The Indian act establishes the rights of aboriginal people in Canada.

1978

1969

Potlatches, dancing and land claims against government are made illegal following amendments to Indian Act.

Smallpox epidemic kills many Coast Salish as the city of Vancouver is established and grows.

Coast Salish tribes are living living around the Salish sea for centuries before the arrival of European settlers.

1951 Post War Reforms to the Act

2015

Formation of the Assembly of First Nations, with little activity today.

The White Paper eliminates Indian status in a bid to assimilate society.

1969

HTG make claims to land to the east of vancouver island .

1993 Hulquminum Treaty Group join 6 first nations tribes to regain land from the private railway companies.

Formation of the National Indian Brotherhood

2020 A Salish assembly is established to administer and grow the Coast Salish tribal communities.

SALISH ASSEMBLY

Hulqumimnum Treaty Group vs. Canada Legal Battle - Ongoing

Treaty Negotiation Process Treaty group approaches GIS Technicians and Lawyers for professional services

Technicians and Lawyers provide material for emancipation through leveraging technology Current Reservation Boundaries

Projected HTG expansion

Projected HTG expansion

Metro Vancouver Area

Toll Stations

Irefutable evidence demands a new Land Grant

by The Crown

Geographic and financial growth of the tribe

New platforms for Settlement, Expression and Technology emerge Tribal Member Robert Morales

Assistant Lawyer

Prof. Robert A. Williams Jr.

Treaty The northwest native treaty negotiation process has improved considerably to allow for the clear communication of native land, the Hulquminum treaty group have capitalised on this development to regain land.

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$ $ $ $

Hulqumimnum Treaty Group vs. Canada leads to expansion of native land, a series of toll booths are established

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The treaty group expands to encompass Musequam, Squamish and Tseil Wautath tribes with a stake in the Greater Vancouver area proving to be a lucrative joint venture.

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$

$ $ $

C.S. R.E.I.T is established in order to draw profits from commercial downtown developments for the benefit of tribal communities.

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$ $ $

$

$

Continued Treaty Negotiations outside of the city allow for a change of ownership of industrial sites to C.S. Holdings including a large number of active timberlands

C.S.R.E.I.T fund the construction of a downtown economic and legislative center to aid and abett treaty negotiations.

Siting the Totem Following the successful development of the tolls, the CSREIT is looking for a site for the new development to aid the progress of the project.

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Dia

The totem should be in dialo Vancouver, making a idrect conn totem and that o

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alogue

ogue witht the towers of downtown nection between the symbolisim of the of the corporate tower.

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Vancouver, BC

Nanaimo

Proposed Site

nville

et

Stre

Gra

Yaletown/ Roundhouse Skytrain Staation

Victoria

ree eC

ls Fa

Seattle

To S

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k Key Primary Road Secondary Road Skytrain Route N10 Bus Route Proposed Greenway Comprehensive Development Area

fig. xx Site Location

To Alaska

Burrard Inlet

Salish Sea

False Creek

2000

60000

Registered 30000 Individuals

1000 $1000s

0

0 1850

Coast Salish Population

1900

1950

2000

Vancouver Commercial Real Estate (average retail unit sale price)

Vancouver Vancouver is strategically located to be centre of the salish communities, if the growth seen in the metropolitan can be harnessed for their benfit.

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III CONCEPT DESIGN

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Media Centre

Executive Offices

Legal Department

GIS Department

Development Department

Auditorium

Administration

Studios

Dining

Long House Gallery

Totem There are 5 main types of northwest native totem including the Welcome Pole, Memorial Pole, House Post, Mortuary Pole and the Crest Pole. All of which speak of the community that erected it.

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Soaking

Industrial lathe veneer extraction

Adhesive applied to stacked veneers

Compression

Secondary Columns

Logs cut to thin strips

Strips are finger jointed for increased lengths

Adhesive applied strips

Cross layered strips are subject to compression from all axes

Floors

Secondary Beams

Laminated Veneer Lumber

Cross Laminated Timber

Logs are soaked and heated.

Soaked logs are debarked.

Debarked logs are subjected to stranding, drying and adhesive blending.

Adhesive blended strands are subjected to steam compression to form sheet material.

Partition Studs

Architectural Features

Secondary Columns

Walls

Secondary Beams

Logs cut to planks.

Adhesive applied and planks are compressed.

Glued members are cut to size.

Planing and sanding.

Primary Columns

Laminated Strand Lumber

Primary Beams

Glue Laminated Timber

Engineering Timber Advancements in timber manufacturing have allowed for the integration of adhesives to make use of waste products and acheive longer depths and in turn spans in timber members.

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Panel/Shear Wall

Skeleton Hinges, columns and cross members work to transfer horizontal and vertical loads.

Massive systems transfering loads in all directions generally constructed from concrete pre-cast and in situ.

Torre Pirelli 1956

Seagram Building 1955

Cantilever

Support

Hinges, columns and cross members work to transfer horizontal and vertical loads back to a central core.

Horizontal loads are absorbed directly by the core on the facade plane, calling for a central foundation pad.

Torre Velasca 1958

Marina City 1962

Suspended

Mega Spatial Framework

Loads are carried through trusses and tie bars, with a central core leaving the ground floor open.

Rigid load bearing system that can operate without reinforcing the core, allowing the structure totaper towards the top.

Shanghai Bank 1985

Bank of China 1990

Tube

Outrigger

Based on the box girder principle allows for a stepped form. Best suited to a round plan, with codependant columns.

‘Boom Girders’ couple the core with the facade columns in the form of trusses across one or several floors.

Willis Tower 1972

Petrona Towers 1997

Typology There are 8 systems for high rise construction from which have stemmed a number of hybrids. If the desire is to establish a stepped or tapered building form and express the structure, the bundled tubes and mega spatial framework structural systems offer the best opportunities.

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Proposed Site

Yaletown/ Roundhouse Skytrain Staation

Key Primary Road Secondary Road Skytrain Route N10 Bus Route Proposed Greenway Comprehensive Development Area

Vancouver Siting a building for the First Nations in Vancouver would provide an opportunity to bring the culture and history of the Salish People into the City, whilst allowing for contemporary tribal members to be part of the corporate conversation.

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Assembly

Elevated Gardens

Studios

Workplace

Atrium

Auditorium

Activist High Rise The close integration of political and cultural programs both celebrates the culture of the Salish Nations, whilst addressing the legal and political imbalances of the contemporary condition.

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Workspace

Administration

Assembly Auditorium

Exhibition/Archive

Assembly

Auditorium

Display

Pedestrian Access

Primary Program

Plaza

Vertical Circulation

Water

Green space

Urban Strategy Three towers connect to the freeway and the exhibtion space provides a platform for entry into the assembly within the spacious atrium. The towers encircle a plaza and water moves between the inside and out to help naturally cool the building.

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Central core and skeleton

External Core and satellite towers

Bundled Tubes

Double offset Bundled Tubes

Core Principles In high rise construction the relationship of the core to the floor plates and columns can be negotiated in a number of ways to create a stepped

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Triple offset Bundled Tubes

Mass As the columns touch the ground, loads could be transferred through a branched structure similar to the roots of a tree. This gives rise to the oportunity for a tower

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Branching As the columns touch the ground, loads could be transferred through a branched structure similar to the roots of a tree. This gives rise to the oportunity for a tower

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Massing The close integration of political and cultural programs both celebrates the culture of the Salish Nations, whilst addressing the legal and political imbalances of the contemporary condition.

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Massing The close integration of political and cultural programs both celebrates the culture of the Salish Nations, whilst addressing the legal and political imbalances of the contemporary condition.

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Vertical Circulation Secondary Connection

Greenway Connectivity

Porous ground plane

Movement Connection to the city and permeability are central tot he organisation, creating an urban village at ground level, connecting to the cities existing infrastructure.

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Creating a Courtyard Exploring the opportunities of a stepped tower, with courtyards allowing light to enter into the deep plan and creating an enclosure within the tall structure.

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Framing In opting for connected towers, the structures could become codependant and create enclosures at their intersections.

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220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130

Height (m)

120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

10 0 0

1 2 3 4 5 6 Wind Speed (m/s)

Uniform Frame Tower

Tapered Frame

Abbuting Frame Tower

Comparative structural analysis of vierendeel frame systems

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50

Height (m)

40

30

20

10

0

50

100

300

500

900

Age (years)

Observing growth patterns in Western Red Cedar

Growth The building form is both aestetically and technologically referential of the Western red cedar tree in the tapered form and the abutting roots of the towers.

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1500+

IV DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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A

A

Section AA

Roof Plan

Ground Floor

6th Floor

Bundling A secondary structure branches from the primary columns, establishing a connection with the immediate context

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20th Floor

fig.XX: Abutting Vierendeel Tower System

Bridge after Arthur Vierendeel, 1914 Vertical bending moments

Rotated Vierendeel

Splicing Strategy

Horizontal bending moments

Forces paths after wind loads

Structural optimisation

Vertical Load Accumulation

Superstructure The tower observes structural principles associated with verticle load accumulation by treating the tower as a vertical cantilever with wind loads replacing gravity. The members are spliced at different intervals in order to prevent a localised area of stress.

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$ Exposed structure and louvres

Western Red Cedar

$ Sitka Spruce

Main core lining

$$ Grand Fir

Internal CLT Floors

$$ Hemlock

Internal lifting columns

$$ Lodgepole Pine

Main core structure

$

Water/rot resistance

$

Douglas Fir

Internal Beams

Cost Strength Test Performance

Stiffness (N/mm2 0

4000

8000

Shear (N/mm2 12000

0

0.5

1

1.5

Compression (N/mm2) 2

2.5

0

10

20

30

Western Red Cedar Sitka Spruce

Grand Fir Hemlock Lodgepole Pine Douglas Fir

Tall Timber British Columbia is home to a large number of native softwoods including Cedars, Firs, Spruces and Pines. Undoubtedly the Western Red Cedar has been central to Northwest Native Culture, and so will be used for the primary structure, with structural and aesthetic judgements identifying the other materials.

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40

Cleavage (N/mm) 50

0

3

6

9

12

15

CL TOS 250M A

L

ROOF - 236M

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TERRACE 187M

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3m

6m

L 10 Plan 1:100

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TERRACE 4 - 187M

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F

A

6m

12m

L 05 Plan 1:200

TERRACE 2 - 75M

A

A

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Interrogation Room

Building Maintenance Offices

B

Lineage Testing Room

Study space

TERRACE 1 - 36M Archive

Study space

C

J Auditorium Reception

WC

Catering BOH

Catering

Gallery (Low light items)

Private Dining

TOP OF PLINTH - 7M

I

D

Public Dining Gallery (Robust Items)

LONGHOUSE - 00

Private Dining

Private Dining

Gallery (Low light items)

BASEMENT -12M E

H F

G A

6m

CL

Section AA

12m

Ground Floor Plan 1:200

1:200 @ A1

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L44

L35

L14 to L50

L26

L06 to L15

L15

L08

Ground Floor to L08

Passenger Route

Firefighter Route

Freight Route

Movement To acheive the long span space of the longhouse, it is necesary to pusht he cores to the sides, creating a transfer floor at the level of the first terrace and yeilding three different core types.

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3m

6m

L 40 Plan 1:100

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A

3m

6m

L 20 Plan 1:100

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Plinth Morphogenesis The plinth evolved from a desire to house the various public programmes at street level and create sense of compression and release when entering the longhouse

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5

6

7

8

9 10

11

1

12

Lifting Beam

Primary Ring Beam

Primary Columns

Abutting Columns

Abutting Beams

Primary Ring Beam

Primary Columns

Concrete plinth roof

Strip and pad foundations

Lifting Beam system 13

14

2

15 3 16

17

18

19 4

20

A

21

Lifting Beam

A

Structural Footing System

A

Longhouse

1. Structural tattos at footing splice 2. Basement air extract fan 3. Puclic sheltered seating 4.Reinforced concrete strip foundations 5 Stainless steel escape stair 6.Cross laminated timber core 7. External stair

8. Laterla lift structure 9. Concrete tree trough 10. Steel soffit concealing lift overrun 11Glue lm,ainates timber column 12. Heavy duty steel transfer plate 13. Reinforced concrete plinth slab 14. Cast concrete footing

15. Cross laminated timber core panel 17. Pile foundations 18. Concrete basement stair 19. Heat echanger 20. Water reclamation tank 21. Radial piles 22. Deep Geothermal pipeline

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Veil The facade take formal direction from earlier branchign studies in the project, whilst addressing climate and programmatic objective with respect minimising solar gains and meeting privacy requirements.

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Crown The tattoos and veil grow and recede across the building in response to a desire private, low lit spaces and open daylit environments. The top of the structure is reminiscent of an array of totems as one arrives on the upper skygarden.

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Mapping Centre Intimate consultation rooms are adjacent to mapping offices just below the second terrace. The CLT core run throughout whilst the cantilevered staur create double and triple height spaces

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Potlatch The Longhouse at the ground floor is a public space open to cultural events such as the Potlatch, and integral element of Coast Salish culture, wherein gift giving takes place.

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V DETAIL DESIGN

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11

6

16

7

17

12

2

8

13

3

18

4

9

14

10

5

15

19

20

Circulation Floor Finishes Structure Facade

21 22

23

Constructing The Longhouse At 220m the tower is segmented in order to allow for a reduction in wind load impact and respite for building users. Three abutting cores join together at a transfer floor accommodated by a transfer system. The sizes of the columns reduce with the floor plate following analysis into gravity and wind loads.

1. Semi enclosed observation deck 2. Double stacked double elevator core 3. Hextuple Elevator core 4. Lateral double elevator core 5. Basement concrete core 6. Typical cantilever stair 7. Typical outer cantilevered stair 8.Main sculptural stair from transfer floor to tower 9. Transfer floor gantry

10. Typical Cross Laminated Timber floor system 11. Terminating column 12. Typical Glue laminated column splice 13. Typical ring beam 14. Lateral abutting Glue Lam column 15. Steel plate connection 16. Laminated veneer lumber louvre system 17. Balustrade cladding transition

18. Laterlal cladding system 19. Tapered opening for plinth 20. Plinth roof slab 21. Primary concrete footing array 22. Radial shear walls 23. Plinth floor slab

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Structural Bay The plinth evolved from a desire to house the various public programmes at street level and create sense of compression and release when entering the longhouse

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1. Glue laminated timber column 2. Cross laminated timber core panel 3. Landscaping trough 4. Timber balustrade 5. Timber louvres open to accomodate views 6 Louvres close to prevent excessive gains

7. Central external stair 8. Steel Cladding Bracket 9. Deciduous Planting 10. Lateral external stair 11. South facing garden 12. Ground Cover

13. Louvres densify to balustrading 14. Lateral lifting beams 15. Atrium guard rail 16. Laminated Strand lumber cladding system 17. Plinth Upstand

Porous Openings

Central Outlet

1

1

2 3 2 4

3

5

4

6

1. Glazing 2. Operable vents 3. Reinforced concrete slab 4. Steel rebar 5. Glazing frame 6. Rigid foam insulation

Plinth vent diagram

1. Laminated Veneer Lumber louvres 2. Operable Ventilation grill 3. Drain down pipe 4. Operable sliding window

Plan study of Cross Ventilation

Vent Detail

Breathing Building The tapered form allows for variation in connection design, variying from traditions integral joinery at the domestic scale of the top to heavyweight steel connections at the base.

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Primary Stress Lines

Alert Bay Memorial Pole

Tension and Compression in Pimary structure

Primary columns are painted to represent the symbols of the particular family

Tattoos Analysis of the primary structure can be graphically represented in the built fabric through milling and painting the members, inducing a response from the building user similar to the traditional house posts of the region.

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Rorschach Test provokes different responses from the viewer

Omega: 0.25

Omega: 0.5

Omega: 1

Omega: 2

Omega: 3

Omega: 4

Density The tattoo density can be monitored by modifying the scaling of the pattern within the algorithm. Areas of greatest density are always at the point of stress, however through out the building variation is aciheved by ammending the omega value.

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Tattoo The carved and painted elements grow and dissipate throughout the building, delineating areas of high stress and orienting the building users whilst allowing for graphical and figuratve readings

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Top Level Timber Joinery

Low level connection detail

Footing detail

Splice variationsl

Connection The tapered form allows for variation in connection design, variying from traditions integral joinery at the domestic scale of the top to heavyweight steel connections at the base.

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Terrace 1.Deciduous planting 2. Inspection pipe 3. Excess runoff to external drainpipe 4. Connecting joinery element

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5. Artificial lighting 6. Laminated veneer lumber louvres 7. Internal staricase 8. Primary Column

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1. Primy CLT floor plates 2.Glulam Beams 3. Primy Stress Tattoos 4. Secondary Stress Tattoos 5. Central cantilevered core streps 6. Stair landing 7. Evergreen planting 9. Concrete planting trough

Unrolled Core Elevation

Omega: 1

Omega: 2

Upper Core Tattoos

Omega: 3

Carving the Core As floor plates, stringers and goings change up the section, so do to the tattoos, representative of both the building construction whilst offering abstract ornament in a way similar to the totems of the Coast Salish.

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Omega: 4

Tattoo Density Studies

Omega: 5

Omega: 6

Integration Deciduous planting is encircled by an array of ominous Tattoo’d columns, each taking on a different personality as a result of the variations in splicing. Secondary tattoos on the core being to delineate the architectural elements at the human scale and curves emerge from the treads and door jambs.

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VI FINAL DRAWINGS

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Citys

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The the timber tower Vancouver, offering a r steel and glass, assertin Salish

scape

r sits at the gateway to respite from the sea of ng the ambition of the users

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Plinth

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The spaces created by the plinth address the street, mediating the highrise and the street. The shear walls delineate public and private programs.

Urban Figure The teraces suggest relationships between the neighboring buildings whilst the tower itself stand proudly in the city offering a vantage across to the wilderness so central to the building occupants

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Vantage

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The broadbasting spaces at the top of the tower are veiled by the densifying facade, whilst offering glimses for the users out to the landscape to which the information is broadcast.

Streetscape The single story plinth allows for a system of concrete shear walls, radiating from the footings of the building,with staggered setbacks, it creates a number of public spaces at the streeet level

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Urban R

Banned until 1951, the po central element of Northwe a gift giving ceremony betw as a philanthropic p

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Ritual

otlatch has been a est Native culture as ween tribes it is seen power play

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All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Maggie Lan www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2018 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

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UNIT @unit14_ucl

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P I O N E E R I N G S E N T I M E N T

2018

At the centre of Unit 14’s academic exploration lies Buckminster Fuller’s ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’, a master-builder that follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal of the designer as somebody who is capable of comprehending the ‘integrateable significance’ of specialised findings and is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of these discoveries while not disappearing into a career of expertise.

Like Fuller, we are opportunists in search of new ideas and their benefits via architectural synthesis.

As such Unit 14 is a test bed for exploration and innovation, examining the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. We are in search of the new, leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital as well as physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation with a research-driven core, generating momentum through astute synthesis.

Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and through the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, generates new and unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals. They are beautiful because of their intelligence - extraordinary findings and the artful integration of those into architecture.

This year’s UNIT 14 focus shifts onto examining moments of pioneering sentiment. We find out about how human endeavor, deep desire and visionary thought interrelate and advance cultural as well as technological means while driving civilisation as highly developed organisation. Supported by competent research we search for the depicted pioneering sentiment and amplify found nuclei into imaginative tales with architectural visions fuelled by speculation.

The underlying principle and observation of our investigations is that futurist speculation inspires and ultimately brings about significant change. A prominent thinker is the Californian Syd Mead who envisages and has scripted a holistic vision of the future with his designs and paintings.

As universal as our commitment and thoughts is our testbed and territory for our investigations and proposals. Possible sites are as such global or specific to our visits, as much as the individual investigations suggest and opportunities arrive. Unit 14 is supported by a working relationship with innovators across design. We engage specialists, but remain generalists, synthesising knowledge towards novel ways of thinking, making and communicating architecture.

UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Maggie Lan www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2018 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.