-
UNEARTHING THE UNDERGROUND
HEIDI AU YEUNG YEAR 4
UNIT
Y4 HA
PICCADILLY TRACKS
@unit14_ucl
All work produced by Unit 14 Cover design by Maggie Lan www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2018 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.
@unit14_ucl
HEIDI AU YEUNG YEAR 4 heidiauyeung@gmail.com heidiauyeung.com @heidi_a.y
P I C C A D I L LY T R A C K S Unearthing the Underground Picadilly Circus, London, UK
Above the concrete ground sits listed buildings, protected views, green belt causing London’s land price to soar. Consequently, one third of London’s music venues have been forced out since 2010 with the most significant lost in Soho area. Where will our future cultural venues go? Typically cities grow higher and denser, creating a concrete jungle where the streets sit in the shadow of high-rise buildings. Piccadilly Tracks explore the potential of excavating the space in between ground surface and tube level as a spatial opportunity for our increasingly dense city and disappearing music industry.
develop an optimized structural system connecting the existing basements and newly excavated space. A retaining ring sits in the centre of the project, acting in compression to resist the ground forces and preventing the basement from collapsing. Beam structures double act as circulation routes across the site connecting to the neighbouring basements. The new architecture weaves in and out of the existing listed building, exposing elements of the existing structure, meeting but not touching, and underpinned by new concrete columns. Music pods and pop up spaces are nested within this structure, creating open/semi-enclosed/closed spaces, acoustically accustomed for different types of music events from buskers to orchestras. The new music venue will also bring production studios into the surrounding basements; create a cultural hub in the centre of London.
Piccadilly Tracks introduces a new urban typology, integrating transport and cultural infrastructure, Piccadilly Circus was chosen as the point of excavating the ground to create new space for GA PLAN : GROUND LEVEL intervention being a node of London with one of the 5.2 London, enriching the cultural fabric of the city. deepest tube stations and multiple music venues and theatre situated underground. This project taps into the underground culture scene, speculating on the pedestrianisation and basement extensions of London, proposing a new Piccadilly Circus. A total of 145500 M3 of soil will be unearthed on site for the project.
Y4 HA
B
eneath our concrete pavement lies a hidden network of cables, pipes, sewers and tracks, intertwining and weaving through the soil to support our activity above the ground. London pioneered the underground railway system in the world 150 years ago, developing new technologies of excavation, tunnelling and retaining structures.
GROUND LEVEL 1:500 @ A2
The excavated space requires an intensive structural strategy to retain the new basement. The existing building on site were studied to find opportunities of extension. Vertical and horizontal load paths across the site were investigated to
3
TECTONIC ARTEFACTS
I N V I S I B L E ARCHITECTURE DISSOLVED URBAN SPACE Exploring the invisble architecture of our city built upon the connectivity to the wireless cloud. Wireless connection expands the boundary of a building beyond its physical walls, and create a new sphere of space in which people dwell. White spots of no connectivity in the city becomes the new walls of the city. This project explores how this invisible ‘architecture’ may exist as a physical structure.
YAT NING (HEIDI), AU YEUNG UNIT 14 2017-18
4
INFOSPHERE The infosphere* relies on an intricate network of signals, wired and wireless, that support it. We are completely surrounded by an invisible system of data cables and radio signals from access points, cell towers and overhead satellites. Our digital lives depend on these very physical systems for communication, observation and navigation. The Architecture of Radio is a site-specific iOS and Android application that visualizes this network of networks by reversing the ambient nature of the infosphere; hiding the visible while revealing the invisible technological landscape we interact with through our devices. *The infosphere refers to an interdependent environment, like a biosphere, that is populated by informational entities. While an example of the sphere of information is cyberspace, infospheres are not limited to purely online environments.
WHITE SPACE / ARCHITECTURE OF RADIO This app inspired the tectonic artefact as it begins to expose the spaces that we inhabit and thresholds we cross, leading to the study of visualising the space of wireless connection.
5
CONNECTIVITY DETERMINED AGENT BEHAVIOUR The built environment is society’s physical memory; it functions as a system of signification that we all intuitively navigate to find relevant communication partners or situations. The societal function of urban and architectural design is the innovative ordering and framing of communicative interaction. The architectural frames – the designed settings/spaces – are themselves communications: they are communications that define, premise and prime the communicative interactions that are expected to take place within the respectively framed territory. Each territory/frame is embedded within a system of frames that can be understood and designed as a system of signification. PATRICK SCHUMACHER People inside building, inside connection zone People ouside building, inside connection zone People ouside building, towards connection zone
CONNECTIVITY DEFINED AGENT BEHAVIOUR An analysis of pathways through the city, defined by boundaries of wireless connnectivity
6
DISCONNECTED CITY
INTEFERENCE
CONNECTION SPOTS
CITY BLOCKS
LAYERS OF THE CITY An analysis of the invisible architecture formed by the connected and disconnected areas.
7
CITY GRID - INVISIBLE ARCHITECTURE An analysis of the invisible architecture formed by the connected and disconnected areas at a city scale.
8
INVISIBLE ARCHITECTURE The negative space of a city: the remainder of a city block when intersected with spaces of connectivity redefining the walls of our city.
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
STRUCTURAL - FORM FINDING A catalogue of all the models explored in the process of discovering the artefact.
10
INVISIBLE ARCHITECTURE
11
INVISIBLE ARCHITECTURE Structuralising the invisible space with an orthogonal grid.
12
PIONEER ING SENTIMENTS
UNDERGROUND LONDON PICCADILLY CIRCUS Exploring the potential of excavating the space inbetween ground surface and tube level as a spatial opportunity for the increasingly dense city. Piccadilly Circus was chosen as the point of intervention being a node of Central London and sitting on multiple boundaries. However, the area is increasingly overtaken by cheap tourist shops, losing its cultural richness and wasting a prime location. This project speculates on the pedestrianalisation of London and basement extensions of the site. This project proposes a new Piccadilly Circus, integrating transport and cultural infrastructure whilst creating a new language within the existing urban fabric. The new excavation will be a pedestrianalised area connecting to with neighbouring sites, inserting a cultural layer in the new found space.
YAT NING (HEIDI), AU YEUNG UNIT 14 2017-18
13
THE ARCH
BARREL VALULT
GROIN VAULT
GREEK COLUMNS
PENDENTIVES
BAR TRACERY
FLYING BUTTRESSES
RIBBED VAULTS
DOUBLE SPIRAL STAIRS
RECTANGULAR SPIRAL STAIRS
RIB VAULTS WITH POINTED ARCHES
RECTANGULAR SPIRAL STAIRS II
PREHISTORIC 11600 - 3500 BC GOBEKLI TEPE 6000 BC / TURKEY
ANCIENT EGYPT 3050 - 900 BC PYRAMIDS OF GIZA 2580 BC / EGYPT
GREEK 600 - 146 BC
T-SHAPED STAIRS
CLASSICAL 850 - 476 AD PARTHENON 447BC, ATHENS GREECE
ROMAN 146 BC - 476 AD
CAST IRON & PLATE GLASS
PLATE GLASS WINDOWS
COLOSSEUM 70AD, ROME ITALY
BYZANTINE 527 - 565 AD HAGIA SOPHIA 532, ISTANBUL, TURKEY
ROMANESQUE 800 - 1200 BASILICA DEI SANTI PIETRO E PAOLO 875 AD, LOMBARDY ITALY
GOTHIC 1100 - 1450 BASILICA ST DENIS 1130, FRANCE
RENAISSANCE 1400 - 1600 SANTA MARIA DEL FIORE 1436 FLORENCE ITALY
BAROQUE 1600 - 1830 ROCOCO 1715 - 1790 INTERIOR: SALON DE MONSIEUR LE PRINCE 1722 FRANCE
SANTA SUSANNA FACADE 1603 ROME ITALY
NEO CLASSICAL 1730 - 1925 SALINE ROYALE 1773, FRANCE
FIRST SKYSCRAPER
TRIBUNE TOWER DESIGN 1922
HOTEL TASSEL 1893, BELGIUM
CRYSTAL PALACE 1851, UK
UNITY TEMPLE 1903 WOOLWORTH BUILDING 1912, NYC
ART DECO 1925 - 1937
ART NOUVEAU 1890 - 1914
VICTORIAN 1837 -1901
HOME INSURANCE BUILDING 1885, CHICAGO
BEAUX ART 1895 - 1925 MODERNIST COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 1893, CHICAGO US
NEO GOTHIC 1905 - 1930 HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT 1840, UK
MODERNIST 1990 BAUHAUS SCHOOL 1919 - 1933 BARCELONA PAVILION 1923
MODERNIST FRANCE VILLA LA ROCHE JEANERETTE 1923
POST MODERNISM 1960 VANNA VENTURI HOUSE US
BLOBITECTURE 1995 GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM 1997, SPAIN
PIONEERING MOMENTS
14
A study of architectural history to identify and catalogue the pioneering moments in architecture through the ages. The research reveals that most pioneering structures developed within church buildings.
REINFORCED CONCRETE
1868 MAP OF LONDON
1666 MAP OF LONDON
ROMAN MAP OF LONDON AD 190
2018 MAP OF LONDON
BASILICA MAXENTIUS, ROME 312 AD
HAGIA SOPHIA, ISTANBUL 532 AD
BASILICA OF ST DENIS, PARIS 1135
ST. PAULS, LONDON 1675
PIONEERING URBAN FABRICS A study of how religious buildings impact the urban fabric in their local city with a specific focus on the changes in London’s urban fabric through the years, as impacted by St. Pauls Cathedral since its construction in 1675.
15
INFOSPHERE The invisible wireless connection and clouds to which the city is wired to.
PEOPLE The impacters and impacted of the city
BUILT ENVIRONMENT he built architecture of the city in which people inhabit.
ROADS he roads that divide and allow navigation through the city.
-4M SEWERS
-0.6M GAS
-0.75M WATER
A deconstruction of what lies under the street we walk on daily.
-15M GREENWICH FOOT TUNNEL
10M
15M
NATURAL TOPOGRAPHY The natural landscape that sits under the built environment.
MADE GROUND
-5 -6M CUT AND COVER UNDERGROUND
5M
-0.45M - 1.2M ELECTRICITY
4M
-0.35M TELECOMMUNICATIONS
3M
-0.25M - 0.35M CABLE TV & COMMUNICATIONS
0M
1M
2M
-40 -65M WATER RING MAIN
35M
40M
CABLES Cables and wires that supports telecommunication and powers the city
-25M -42 M CROSS RAIL TUNNEL
-23M THAMES TUNNEL
-30M -66M THAMES TIDEWAY TUNNEL
30M
-35M - 60M LONDON POWER TUNNELS
25M
-24M - 67M DEEP LEVELUNDERGROUND
20M
45M
50M
55M
70M
75M
80M
85M
UNDERGROUND RAIL Underground transport that allows efficient travel through the city.
90M
LAYERS OF THE CITY
16
A deconstruction of the city fabric to understand its different elements that it is composed of, revealing the massive hidden underground infrastructure that supports the activity above ground.
-63.4M DEEPEST CROSSRAIL BARRETTES
65M
-70 - 80M LEE TUNNEL - SUPER SEWER
60M
SEWERS The sewage system that transfers the waste of the city.
83M BURJ KHALIFA · DUBAI
-8000M MT EVEREST · HIMALAYAS
-8000M INTERNET CABLE · UNDEROCEAN
-2400M JINPING LAB · CHINA
-3900M TAUTONA MINE · SOUTH AFRICA
-2450M GOTTHARD BASE TUNNEL · SWITZERLAND
-750 M OLD SALT MINE · GERMANY
-122400M KOLA SUPERDEEP BOREHOLE - DEEPEST ARTIFICIAL POINT ON EARTH · RUSSIA
-150M
-2000KM
-2000M NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY · CANADA
-520M NUCLEAR REPOSITORY · FINLAND
-1500KM
-1000M MIZUNAMI RESEARCH LAB · JAPAN
-149M SANFORD LAB · US
-392M DEEPEST WELL· WOODINGSDEAN,UK
-105M DEEPEST SUBWAY STATION · RUSSIA
-4M SEWERS
-175M LARGE HADRON COLLIDER · SWITZERLAND
-100M
-36M BASEMENT SYNDEY OPERA HOUSE
-50M
-55M SKYSCRAPER PILES · LONDON SHARD
-0.45M CABLES
0M -24M DEEL LEVEL TUBE · LONDON
51-80KM MESOSPHERE
0 - 10KM TROPOSHPHERE
11 - 50KM STRATOSPHERE
81 - 700KM THERMOSPHERE
- 200KM - 650KM ASTHEHNOSPHERE
-60 - 200KM LITHOSPHERE
-1000KM
- 650KM - 2900K MESOSPHERE
-50OKM
700KM+ EXOSPHERE
0M
DERINKUYU, TURKEY
CANADA
MONTREAL
KAYMAKLI, TURKEY
SHANGHAI TUNNELS, OREGON
SEED VAULT
MARESH, ISRAEL
COOBER PEDY. AUSTRALIA
JAPAN
SWITZERLAND
KANSAS
BEIJING - COLD WAR
BEI JING IMMIGRANTS HOME
-200M
-2500KM
- 2900K - 63778KM CORE
-300M
-3000KM
-400M
-3500KM
-500M
ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS
-4000KM
-750M
-4500KM
-1000M
-1KM DEPTH AT WHICH SUNLIGHT CAN REACH
-5000KM
-2000M
-5500KM
-3000M
-6000KM
- 2900K - 63778KM CORE
-4000M
-6500KM
-4.25KM AVERAGE DEPTH OF OCEAN
-5000M
-54.8 m NORWAY OLYMPICS
-7000KM
CHICHU ART MUSEUM, JAPAN
-6000M
-7500KM
-7000M
-8000KM
PILSEN, CZECH REPUBLIC
FINLAND
-8000M
-8600KM
-9000M
-327m
-9000KM
WIELICZKA SALT MINE, POLAND
LONDON
LONDON UNDERGROUND FARM
EDINBURGH VAULTS, UK
NEW YORK - COLD WAR
NEW YORK LOW LINE
-10000M
-95000KM
-10000KM
- 650KM - 2900K MESOSPHERE
-11000M
-11KM MARIANA TRENCH : DEEPEST PART OF OCEAN
-12000M
-42m SALINA TURDA, ROMANIA
GEOLOGICAL DEPTHS
CONSTRUCTED STRUCTURES
HISTORIC UNDERGROUND INDUSTRIES
SALINA TURDA, ROMANIA
20TH CENTURY
MODERN
DEEP STRUCTURES A study and comparison of deep structures in nature, internationally and locally. A study of historic and modern underground spaces around the world
17
TOWERS
WORKSHOP
HOTELS
RESTAURANTS
GALLERY
TRAINING
BARS
SECONDARY SCHOOL
HOUSES
PUBLIC SQUARES
POOLS
CLINICS
OFFICES
COLLEGE
OFFICES
OFFICES
SPORT GROUNDS
GARDENS
SPORT CENTRES
CLINICS
GALLERY
LANDING STATION
TRAIN STATIONS
WOSRHIP
MUSEUM
POLICE STATION
BUS STATION LANDING STATION
PARKS
P TEMPORARY SHELTERS
BASEMENTS
BUNKERS
UNIVERSITY
PRIMARY SCHOOL
KINDEGARTEN
AUDITORIUMS
OPTICIANS
WORSHIP
FACTOROIES
ZOOS
HOSPITAL
THEATRE
RESTAURANTS
SPORTS
SHOPS SUPERMARKETS
STREETLIGHTS GRAVES
MUSEUM
CINEMA
COMMUNITY CENTERS
FIRE STATION
POWERPLANT CARPARK
RIVERS
CITY HALLS
UNDERGROUND
DENTISTS CLUBS
MINES/ QUARRIES
LIBRARY
ARCHIVES
JAILS
COMMUNICATION
TRAIN
OPTICIANS LABORATORY
HOUSING
GAS
EDUCATION
BUSINESS
CULTURAL
HEALTH
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOVERNMENT ELECTRICITY
WATER
SEWAGE
INFRASTRUCTURE
HOUSING
EDUCATION
BUSINESS ECONOMY
CULTURAL
INCREASED UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
MAXIMISED UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
GOVERNMENT
A CITY WITHOUT A GROUND
TOWERS
HOTELS
WORKSHOP
RESTAURANTS
TRAINING
BARS
GALLERY OFFICES
COLLEGE
SECONDARY SCHOOL
HOUSES
OFFICES
CLINICS
POOLS
CLINICS
SPORT CENTRES
PUBLIC SQUARES
WOSRHIP
GALLERY
TRAIN STATIONS
LANDING STATION
OFFICES
SPORT GROUNDS
MUSEUM
GARDENS
BUS STATION LANDING STATION
PARKS
POLICE STATION
PRIMARY SCHOOL
BUNKERS
KINDEGARTEN
UNIVERSITY
OPTICIANS
WORSHIP
FACTOROIES
HOSPITAL
THEATRE
RESTAURANTS
AUDITORIUMS
ZOOS
POWERPLANT CARPARK
RIVERS
SPORTS
SHOPS SUPERMARKETS
CINEMA
FIRE STATION
COMMUNITY CENTERS
STREETLIGHTS GRAVES
MUSEUM
CITY HALLS
UNDERGROUND
DENTISTS CLUBS LIBRARY
MINES/ QUARRIES
ARCHIVES
TRAIN
SUNLIGHT
FULL DAYLIGHTSUNLIGHT
TWILIGHT
DARK DAY
OVERCAST DAY
OPEN WALKWAY
COVERED WALKWAY
OFFICE
TUNNEL / BRIDGES
AUDITORIUM
SUPPORT ROOMS (TOILETS/ E&M)
INDOOR PUBLIC AREAS
OFFICE
WAREHOUSE
LIBRARY
AUDITORIUM
CLASSROOMS
DINING
ARCHIVE
CHILDCARE
FITNESS
KITCHEN
GROCERY
LABORATORY
SUPERMARKET
MECHANICAL WORKSHOPS
HOME
DRAWING WORK
BEDROOM
OPERATION THEATRE
DESK
KITCHEN
BATHROOM
LOBBY/ PUBLIC CORRIDOOR /STAIRWELLS
P TEMPORARY SHELTERS
BASEMENTS
COMMUNICATION
JAILS
OPTICIANS
LABORATORY
GAS
ELECTRICITY
0 WATER
SEWAGE
50 EDUCATION
100
HOUSING
150
HOTELS
WORKSHOP
RESTAURANTS
TRAINING
BARS
GALLERY OFFICES
COLLEGE
OFFICES
CLINICS
POOLS
CLINICS
SPORT CENTRES
PUBLIC SQUARES
WOSRHIP
GALLERY
TRAIN STATIONS
LANDING STATION
OFFICES
SPORT GROUNDS
MUSEUM
GARDENS
BUS STATION LANDING STATION
PARKS
POLICE STATION
300
SECONDARY SCHOOL
200
TOWERS
HOUSES
P BASEMENTS
TEMPORARY SHELTERS
PRIMARY SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY
OPTICIANS
WORSHIP
FACTOROIES
HOSPITAL
THEATRE
RESTAURANTS
ZOOS
POWERPLANT CARPARK
RIVERS
FIRE STATION
COMMUNITY CENTERS
400
BUNKERS
KINDEGARTEN
AUDITORIUMS
SPORTS
SHOPS SUPERMARKETS
CINEMA
STREETLIGHTS GRAVES
MUSEUM
CITY HALLS
UNDERGROUND
500
DENTISTS CLUBS LIBRARY
MINES/ QUARRIES
ARCHIVES
TRAIN
COMMUNICATION
JAILS
600
OPTICIANS LABORATORY
GAS
700
ELECTRICITY
800
WATER
900
SEWAGE
1000
HOUSING
EDUCATION
BUSINESS ECONOMY
CULTURAL
HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
GOVERNMENT
2000
TOWERS
HOTELS
WORKSHOP
RESTAURANTS
TRAINING
BARS
GALLERY OFFICES
COLLEGE
SECONDARY SCHOOL
HOUSES
OFFICES
CLINICS
POOLS
CLINICS
SPORT CENTRES
PUBLIC SQUARES
WOSRHIP
GALLERY
TRAIN STATIONS
LANDING STATION
OFFICES
SPORT GROUNDS
MUSEUM
GARDENS
BUS STATION LANDING STATION
PARKS
POLICE STATION
P BASEMENTS
TEMPORARY SHELTERS
BUNKERS
PRIMARY SCHOOL
KINDEGARTEN
UNIVERSITY
OPTICIANS
WORSHIP
FACTOROIES
HOSPITAL
THEATRE
RESTAURANTS
AUDITORIUMS
ZOOS
POWERPLANT CARPARK
RIVERS
SPORTS
SHOPS SUPERMARKETS
CINEMA
FIRE STATION
COMMUNITY CENTERS
STREETLIGHTS GRAVES
MUSEUM
CITY HALLS
UNDERGROUND
DENTISTS CLUBS LIBRARY
MINES/ QUARRIES
ARCHIVES
TRAIN
COMMUNICATION
JAILS
OPTICIANS LABORATORY
GAS
ELECTRICITY
WATER
CITY TETRIS, A CITY WITHOUT A GROUND
SEWAGE
HOUSING
18
EDUCATION
BUSINESS ECONOMY
CULTURAL
HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
GOVERNMENT
A study of the different programs within a city and exploration of how they could be arranged due to their different lighting requirements. The city’s ground isn’t a flat continuous level but rather a continuous change of levels.
BUSINESS ECONOMY
CULTURAL
HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
GOVERNMENT
HIGH RISE
LOW RISE
AA
BB
MIXED HIGH RISE / UNDERGROUND
CC
A
B
C
HIGH RISE SKY VIEW
LOW ROSE SKY VIEW
UNDERGROUND SKY VIEW
SKY VIEW FACTOR A study of how much sky could be seen from the ‘ground’ level in different environments. The study shows how the sky view factor is increased when underground spaces are used.
19
HIGH RISE
LOW RISE
SUNLIGHT FACTOR A study of how much sunlight reaches ground level in a high rise / low rise / underground spaces through the day. Whilst the normal progress of a city is to go upwards, the building of dense high rise buildings recreate the same lighting conditions as underground spaces.
20
MIXED HIGH RISE / UNDERGROUND
JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO
331 133
JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO
331
ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J
133
ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J
133
SIF A
SIF
JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO
331
N
A
N
SIF
INDUSTRY
A
SIF
ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J
N
SIF
N
A
SIF
A
A N
N
133
JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO
331
ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J
133
JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO
331
FI-SAN
ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J
FI-SAN
133
FI-SAN
ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J
FI-SAN
PUBLIC
FI-SAN
OFFICE
FI-SAN
HOUSING
INFRASTRUCTURE
JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO
331
OTHER
RETAIL OFFICES
STATIONS RECREATION CULTURE RETAIL
STORAGE PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL SPACE
-10M HOUSING
OFFICE
PUBLIC
INDUSTRY
INFRASTRUCTURE
FUEL STORAGE POWERPLANT WATER TREATMENT TRANSPORT
OTHER
-20M
-30M
RETAIL OFFICES
WAR BUNKERS -40M STATIONS RECREATION CULTURE RETAIL
STORAGE PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL SPACE
-50M
FUEL STORAGE POWERPLANT WATER TREATMENT TRANSPORT
-10M -60M
-20M -70M
-30M
CUT AND COVER
DRILL & BLAST -80M EXCAVATION
JACKED BOX TUNNELING
PIPE JACKING WAR BUNKERS
IMMERSED TUNNELING
TUNNEL BORING MACHINE
UNDERGOUND TRANSPORT
LABORATORIES
-40M
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
-90M
-50M -100M
60M
70M
UNDERGOUND TRANSPORT
-80M LABORATORIES
90M
-100M
CIRCULAR
EGG
ELIPTICAL
Circular form provides aximum resistance to external pressure used for highly unstable ground.
Often used for sewage with a self cleaning velocity.
Used in non-rock grounds, difficult to construct.
HORSESHOE Semi circular roof used for tunnel traffic.
VERTICAL WALL/ ARCHED ROOF Used in rock tunnelling, compressive strength of concrete.
BOX Used for cut and cover methods for pedestrian/ highway tunnel.
CONSTRUCTED FORMS
DEEP CONSTRUCTION METHOD & FORMS A study of underground construction methods and forms.
21
London is a flood plain built over clay, chalk and streams where the water breaks through thin layers of clay.
43-200AD Billingsgate Roman House & Baths was built, making use of London’s water resource.
1500S London population rises resulting in urban sprawl and rivers being buried under new developments.
1777 The Bramah’s water closet was invented, improving personal hygiene, but burdenning the sewage system as water and waste directly overflowed into the street sewers
1807-14 The first distribution main was in Pall Mall in London in 1807 and in 1814 the first gas street lights in London were introduced. This gas came via 26 miles of underground piping.
1816 Electric Telecommunication cables began to be installed in the grounds of london
1825 THAMES TUNNEL The Thames Tunnel is the first modern tunnel built under water using a tunnel shield. Built beneath the River Thames in London, it connected Rotherhithe and Wapping.
1858 GREAT STINK London population rises resulting in urban sprawl and rivers being buried under new developments.
1859 SEWERS 1863 TUBE
Bazalgette proposed three main egg shaped interceptory sewers to be built in north and south of the river. 13,000miles local sewers fed into 450miles of main sewers that fed into the 100 miles of interceptory sewers.
The world’s first underground railway, the Metropolitan Railway, opened.
1863 The first despatch of the Post Office’s undeground pneumatic railway from Euston to Eversholt.
1868-9 1870
Hornsey Wood reservoir, was built by the East London Water Works Company , lying beneath Finsbury Park, with a capacity of some 5,000,000 gallons,
Tower Subway was built with greathead shields. Initially it serviced twelve passenger cable car service but later used as conduit for high pressure water mains for hydraulic power.
1876 Chancery Lane Safety Deposits were built at 40ft underground.
1933 Government began digging subterranean office spaces scattered across London Cricklewood, Harrow, Dollis Hill, Storey’s Gate
1890 The first distribution main was in Pall Mall in London in 1807 and in 1814 the first gas street lights in London were introduced. This gas came via 26 miles of underground piping.
1938
Manual floodgates were installed in the tube stations on either side of the River.
The introduction of cable TV.
Plessey employed hundreds of women to make aircraft components in a factory in 1 mile of tube tunnels through Wanstead
Undergrounds stations were used as Air Raid Shelters.
1940 WW2
1949 Deep level shelter at Chancery Lane, 60m underground were sold to the General Post Office where they became the termination for the first submarine transatlantic phone cable
1960 3,000 miles of high pressure gas pipelines was laid underground from the sea where natural gas was found, into the governor stations and siphoned off into homes around the country as demand grew.
1999 Optic Fibre cables laid underground
2017 CROSS RAIL The Crossrail programme - Europe’s biggest infrastructure project. It is the first complete new underground line in more than 30 years.
2016 LEE TUNNEL
Crossrail tunnelling began in the summer of 2012 and ended at Farringdon with the break through of tunnelling machine Victoria. Eight 1,000 tonne tunnelling machines have bored 26 miles or 42 km of new 6.2m diameter rail tunnels under London. It’s fitting out includes installation of tunnel ventilation, power, signalling, communications and overhead line equipment.
Lee Tunnel reduces the water discharge into the River Lee by 16 million tons a year. The tunnel is 6.9km-long and has a diameter of 7.2m. The tunnel project includes four shafts
Each tunnel is 21 kilometres/13 miles long, 6.2 metres in diameter and up to 40 metres below ground.
LONDON UNDERGROUND HISTORY A study of London Underground contstruction.
22
BANK
LANCASTER GATE
QUEENSWAY
BETHNAL GREEN
LIVERPOOL STREET
REDBRIDGE
BOND STREET
MARBLE ARCH
SHEPHERD BUSH
CHANCERY LANE
MILE END
ST PAULS
HOLBORN
NOTTING HILL GATE
HOLLAND ROAD
OXFORD CIRCUS
TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD
WANSTEAD
LONDON UNDERGROUND STATIONS A study of London Underground Stations and their circulation routes
23
DEEP LEVEL TUNNEL
UNDERGROUND STATION
SURFACE LEVEL TUNNEL
UNDERGROUND BUNKER
ABANDONED TUNNEL
ABANDONED STATION AMOUNT OF PASSENGERS
LONDON UNDERGROUND
24
A study of London Underground Map and identification of the abandoned stations to explore the underground space available for use. The London undergrond caries 1 billion passengers per year, 5 million a day with the busiest station being Oxford Circus.
POPULATION SIZE, 2018 329,541 - 389,600 301,961 - 329,540 253,501 - 301,960 207,001 - 253,500 8,000 - 207,000
389,600
301,960
253,500
POPULATION SIZE, 2018
329,540
207,000 POPULATION SIZE, 2018 329,541 - 389,600 0
301,961 - 329,540 POPULATION GROWTH 2011 -2036 (%GROWTH)
253,501 - 301,960 207,001 - 253,500 1%
8,000 - 207,000
20%
29%
LONDON OPPORTUNITY AREAS - ADOPTED
DEEP LEVEL TUNNEL
UNDERGROUND STATION
GREEN BELT
LONDON OPPORTUNITY AREAS - IN PROGRESS
SURFACE LEVEL TUNNEL
UNDERGROUND BUNKER
HERITAGE
LONDON OPPORTUNITY AREAS - NOT STARTED
ABANDONED TUNNEL
ABANDONED STATION
389,600
329,540
BEXLEY
301,960
LONDON A study of f London population density to identify areas that require intervention compared with the constraints to developing within London due to heritage sites and green belts. The overlayed underground network and abandoned stations reveals the potentiall of expanding the city underground in prime locations.
253,500
POPULATION SIZE, 2018
PARK
HAVERING
REDBRIDGE
BARKING & DAGENHAM
GREENWICH
NEWHAM
BROMLEY
LEWISHAM
WALTHAM FOREST
HACKNEY
ENFIELD TOWER HAMLETS
CROYDON
SOUTHWARK
HARINGEY CITY
CAMDEN LAMBETH
ISLINGTON
WESTMINSTER SUTTON
WANDSWORTH KENSINGTON MERTON
HAMMERSMITH & FULHAM
BRENT
BARNET
KINGSTON
RICHMOND
EALING
HARROW
HOUNSLOW
HILLINGDON
42%
25 207,000
11.4M
14.7M
WOOD GREEN
TURNPIKE LANE 18.5M
8.1M
MANOR HOUSE
8.2M FINSBURY PARK
ARSENAL
13.6M
23.1M HOLLOWAY ROAD
CALEDONIAN ROAD
19.9M
22.6M KINGS CROSS
41.1M
33.2M RUSSELL SQUARE 23.8M REGENTS PARK
HOLBORN
18.7M
37.6M
14.5M BAKER STREET
WARWICK AVENUE
33.2M
22.3M
COVENT GARDEN OXFORD CIRCUS
22.6M
25.2M
LECEISTER SQUARE
15.7M PADDINGTON
24.9M
MARYLEBONE PICCADILLY CIRCUS
23.8M
26.5M 19.9M
EDGWARE ROAD GREEN PARK
CHARING CROSS EMBANKMENT
27.1M HYDE PARK CORNER 22.3M
KNIGHTSBRIDGE
19.6M GLUOCESTER ROAD
20.6M
25.2M
EARLS COURT
HAMMERSMITH 2M 5.5M TURNHAM GREEN ACTON TOWN
PICCADILLY CIRCUS STREET LEVEL: 19M above sea level BAKERLOO LINE: -25M PICCADILLY LINE: -32M
SPATIAL OPPORTUNITIES This drawing maps out the height difference between the underground tube and the street level, to show the potential of building in the ‘in between’ spaces
26
FITZROVIA
MARLEYBONE
SOHO
COVENT GARDEN
LECEISTER SQUARE
FITZROVIA
CHARING CROSS
ST jAMES
CHOSEN SITE Picadilly was chosen as the site for its central location. It sits in the intersection between four wards of Westminster Council, inside the Central Activities Zone and Special Cultural Policy Area West End has the busiest shopping district in the world and it is also the heart of London’s evening and night time economy, including 39 Michelin starred restaurants, home of Theatreland and multiple cinema centred around Leicester Square. It also has a third of London’s music, visual and HYDE PARK performing arts employment and a third of London’s television and radio employment
COMMERCIAL 1626 Piccadilly was named after Piccadilly Hall which sold Piccadills. It continues to be a shopping centre connecting Regents Street and Piccadilly Street. TRANSPORT JUNCTION 1819 The Circus was formed by John Nash’s master plan of Regents Street.
CREATIVE INDUSTRIES
RESTAURANT
THEATRE
RESIDENTIAL
RETAIL
ATTRACTIONS CHARING CROSS
LONDON’s ICON 1890 Shaftebury Memorial - Antieros statue was built to commemorate the philanthropic works of Lord Shaftesbury
PICCADILLY LIGHTS
TUBE STATION
PEOPLE PLACE
Piccadilly Tube Station was first opened in 1906 and rennovated in 1928 to be the grandest station the world. PARK JAMESin ST
1945 - VE Day Celebration 2012 - London Festival Celebration Piccadilly is a place where people meet in celebration or to protext
The first electric billboards were erected in 1910, eversince transforming Piccadilly to be the street of lights.
PICCADILLY CIRCUS
27
WALKABLE LONDON Zaha Hadid Architects presented a proposal of a Walkable London January 2018 where whole districts become pedestrianalised, making London the number one walking city in the whole world. ‘‘Transforming just a few streets will hardly make a big difference in terms of congestion, pollution, safety, public health, economic benefits and social capital. To make walking part of a daily routine, we need a full pedestrian network as an integral part of the city’s transport infrastructure.’’
Phase I Phase II Phase III
PEDESTRIAN FLOW STUDY
2
1 EXISTING FLOW
4
An analysis of current pedestrian and transport routes through Piccadilly Circus to understand the movement and flow through the existing site.
2
The increased flow of people if the immediate site is pedestrianlsied.
3
The removal of the existing road islands.
4
The speculation of the new flow of people with the removal isalnds.
5
Further speculation pedestrianlised routes.
6
Pedestrianalisation maximised through the site integrated with Walkable London
3 PEDESTRIANALISED I
PEDESTRIANALISED II
6
5 PEDESTRIANALISED III
1
PEDESTRIANALISED IV
PEDESTRIANALISED V
of
new
PEDESTRIANLISED PICCADDILLY A new design for Piccadilly Circus and pedestrianlised routes with the new excavation. The central ring will restore the ‘circus’ to Piccaddily.
WALKABLE LONDON The project speculates the pedestrianalisation of this area, in light of recent proposals of Walkable London and the plans to pedestrianalise Oxford Street by 2018 summer.
28
3600 PUBS Since 2001, London has lost a quarter of its pub
320 MUSIC VENUES
857 GALLERIES
241 THEATRES
4 UNESCO
RESTAURANTS
215 GALLERIES
LIBRARIES
FILM
PHOTOGRAPHY
PARKS
SPORTS
SHOWS
THE LONDON PLAN
LONDON CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE In the era of global urbanisation, cultural prowess and economic success are interlinked. Culture is part of what makes a city appealing to people of all backgrounds, particularly skilled workers, and therefore to the businesses which want to employ them. As such, a vital cultural centre is an urban construct that justifies the enormous scale of investment of public, as well as philanthropic, resources, one which shapes the very definition of cultural value and determines who has access to it. Funding for London’s arts is increasingly stretched. In the last decade, London has lost around 185 live music venues, and the unique character of areas such as Soho is under threat from soaring rents. The rising cost of living and surging property prices have led to the loss of artist studios and small business start-up space while our city’s creative workforce is being driven out, often to cheaper cities across Britain and Europe.
29
LOSING GROUND
CLOSED VENUES
London has has lost 185 nightclubs and live music venues since 2007 - a decline of almost a third. The map above shows the closure of night club and live music venues through the years.
OPEN VENUES
London Soho area has experienced the most significant loss of night clubs & music venues as property developers ‘regenerate’ the area and land price rising, forcing out night clubs
GMV 35% VENUES LOST 22% VENUES AT RISK
RESCUE PLAN The success of London’s music industry depends on flourishing grassroots music venues. These are the places where stars make their names. London’s grassroots venues have always been the places to find new talent Every night, nearly 14,000 people go to a gig in a grassroots music venue in London but a fifth of London’s grassroots music venues could be forced to close due to business rates increases. Together, these grassroot music venues account for at least 14,000 emerging-artist performance opportunities annually at risk, and have a knock-on effect for the music industry as a whole, while reducing the opportunities for new and emerging talent in London.
A NEW CONCERT HALL Since 2016, there has been a bid for a New London Concert Hall, estimated to cost £278 million. It was initially supposed to be funded by the government. However in 2015 the government withdrew its funds and City of London has decided to fund the project themselves. There has been great controversy to the recent competition designs and questionning the need of a new concert Hall in London.
LONDON MUSIC SCENE In light of current trends, how can we protect London’s cultural scene? As property prices continue to increase, where can we put London’s music venues?
30
PERFORMING WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
ATCHING A PERFORMANCE
PASSING TIME
READING
PASSING TIME
SELLING
PERFORMING
READING
CATCHING THE BUS
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
FINDING YOUR WAY
PASSING TIME
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
SITTING AROUND
READING
PERFORMING
WALKING BY
SELLING
FILMING SHOPPING
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
FILMING
WALKING BY
SHOPPING
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
FILMING
SELLING
WALKING BY
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
TOURING AROUND
SHOPPING
TOURING AROUND
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS CATCHING THE BUS
FINDING YOUR WAY
CATCHING THE BUS
PUBLIC EVENT
SITTING AROUND
FINDING YOUR WAY
SITTING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT PERFORMING
SELLING
FILMING
PERFORMING WAITING FOR SOMEONE
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
SELLING
FILMING
MEETING SOMEONE
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
TAKING SELFIES
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
ON THE PHONE
TOURING AROUND
SHOPPING
PUBLIC EVENT
CATCHING THE BUS
FINDING YOUR WAY
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
SITTING AROUND
MEETING SOMEONE
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
MEETING SOMEONE
FINDING YOUR WAY
SITTING AROUND
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE
6 SHOPPING
CATCHING THE BUS
SHOPPING FILMING
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
ON THE TRAIN
CATCHING THE BUS WAITING FOR TRAIN
FINDING YOUR WAY
BUYING A TICKET
4
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
FINDING YOUR WAY
3
MEETING SOMEONE
TAKING SELFIES
MEETING SOMEONE
WAITING FOR SOMEONE SITTING AROUND
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
ON THE PHONE
WAITING FOR TRAIN
ON THE TRAIN
WAITING FOR TRAIN
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE
MEETING SOMEONE
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
PASSING TIME
BUYING A TICKET
ON THE TRAIN ON THE PHONE
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
READING
PASSING TIME
BUYING A TICKET
TOURING AROUND
WALKING BY
READING
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
PERFORMING
WAITING FOR TRAIN
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
7 RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
TAKING SELFIES
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
WALKING BY
BUYING A TICKET
WAITING FOR TRAIN
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
BUYING A TICKET
ON THE PHONE
READING
WAITING FOR TRAIN
ON THE TRAIN
BUYING A TICKET
TAKING SELFIES
PASSING TIME
ON THE TRAIN
SITTING AROUND
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
ON THE TRAIN
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
5
WALKING BY
SELLING
FILMING
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN PUBLIC EVENT
1 WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
PASSING TIME
READING
2
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
PERFORMING
SELLING
FILMING
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
BUYING A TICKET
TOURING AROUND
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
PUBLIC EVENT
TOURING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
PASSING TIME
READING
SHOPPING
WALKING BY
CATCHING THE BUS
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
PASSING TIME
READING
WALKING BY
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
TOURING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
FINDING YOUR WAY
SITTING AROUND
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
SHOPPING
CATCHING THE BUS
FINDING YOUR WAY
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
SITTING AROUND
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
TOURING AROUND WAITING FOR SOMEONE
ASKING FOR DIRECTION READING
WALKING BY
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
PUBLIC EVENT
TOURING AROUND
MEETING SOMEONE
PUBLIC EVENT
WALKING BY
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
MEETING SOMEONE
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE ON THE TRAIN
TOURING AROUND
WAITING FOR TRAIN
BUYING A TICKET
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
PERFORMING
PUBLIC EVENT
SELLING
PERFORMING
PERFORMING
SELLING
ON THE TRAIN
WAITING FOR TRAIN
FILMING
SELLING
BUYING A TICKET
PASSING TIME
READING
WALKING BY
CATCHING THE BUS
SHOPPING
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
PASSING TIME
FINDING YOUR WAY
SITTING AROUND
READING
PERFORMING
CATCHING THE BUS
SELLING
FILMING
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
TOURING AROUND
MEETING SOMEONE
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE
TOURING AROUND
SHOPPING
MEETING SOMEONE
CATCHING THE BUS
FINDING YOUR WAY
WAITING FOR TRAIN
ON THE TRAIN
WAITING FOR TRAIN
BUYING A TICKET
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
WAITING FOR TRAIN
MEETING SOMEONE
TAKING SELFIES
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
1 LONDON PAVILION
2 CRITERION BUILDING
Grade II Listed Building Architect: James Ebenezer Saunders & WATCHING A PERFORMANCE Robert Worley 1859 - Music Hall & Delectable Museum of Anatomy 3 Built 1885 1885 - London Pavilion Theatre - music hall 1934 - Structural Alteration to cinema 4 1986 - Gutted Interior to shopping Arcade 2018 - Proposals to Museusm
Grade II Listed 1874 - Thomas Verity designed Long Bar PASSING TIME
READING
JERMYN STREET Underground Theatre
THE STING Underground connection to the tube ticket hall.
5 HOTEL CAFE ROYAL /
RETAIL
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
THE QUADRANT
Regent Street Conservation Area ON THE TRAIN WALKING BY Grade II Listed Building 1819 - Built 1865 - Cafe Royal opened as the most successful French Resturant, Billiard room in basement, Key Social Space. 1900 - County Office 1928 - Rebuilt
CULTURE
TOURING AROUND
RESTAURANT
PUBLIC EVENT
PASSING TIME
6 REGENT PLACE HOTEL
1916 - Constructed WATCHING A PERFORMANCE PASSING TIME 1930 - Underground Restaurant and Bar WAITING FOR TRAIN
7
OFFICE
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
BUYING A TICKET
NO.4-6 GLASSHOUSE ST Grade II Listed, Soho Conservation Area 1910 - Built as London County & Westminster Restaurant ASKING FOR DIRECTIONBank (GF), Chinese LOOKING FOR DIRECTION (1F), Baroque Facade 2017 - Mixed used Redevelopment ASKING FOR DIRECTION
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
SITTING AROUND
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
TAKING SELFIES
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE
ON THE PHONE
SITTING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
ON THE TRAIN
ON THE TRAIN
FINDING YOUR WAY
SITTING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
MEETING SOMEONE
FINDING YOUR WAY
WALKING BY ASKING FOR DIRECTION
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
SHOPPING
CATCHING THE BUS
FILMING
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
SHOPPING
FILMING
HOTEL
PASSING TIME
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
READING
BUYING A TICKET
BUYING A TICKET
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
ON THE PHONE
READING
WALKING BY
8 LONDON TROCADERO
GRADE II Listed, Soho Conservation Area READING WALKING BY 1896 - Restaurant - Argyll Rooms: Wealthy RUNNING FOR A TRAIN Men hired Prostitues WWI: Concert Tea - Serving Tea with full concert program in Empire Hall 1984 -Exhibition and Entertainment Complex - 42000m leisure space (Drop Ride) 1997 - Pepsi IMAX cinemaPUBLIC : UK’s TOURING AROUND EVENT first 3D IMAX Cinema. 2014 - Pod Hotel conversion : 583 pod rooms TOURING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
WALKING BY
PICCADILLY CIRCUS - ABOVE GROUND A calogue of the different activities that takes place at Piccadily Circus to inform the program of the typology of spaces needed. Piccadilly Circus has a rich
31
PERFORMING
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
SHOPPING
CATCHING THE BUS
FINDING YOUR WAY
SELLING
MEETING SOMEONE
SHOPPING
MEETING SOMEONE
TAKING SELFIES
CATCHING THE BUS
WAITING FOR TRAIN
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
WAITING FOR TRAIN
SELLING
BUYING A TICKET
PERFORMING
FILMING
SELLING
TAKING SELFIES
READING
WAITING FOR TRAIN
BUYING A TICKET
FOR DIRECTION LOOKING ATASKING BILLBOARDS
READING
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
TOURING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
CATCHING THE BUS
SHOPPING
FINDING YOUR WAY
CATCHING THE BUS
SELLING
FINDING YOUR WAY
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
PASSING TIME
READING
MEETING SOMEONE
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
TAKING SELFIES
MEETING SOMEONE
WALKING BY
SITTING AROUND
TOURING AROUND
CATCHING THE BUS
FINDING YOUR WAY
SITTING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
ASKING FOR DIRECTION WAITING FOR SOMEONE
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
SITTING AROUND
SHOPPING
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
FILMING
WALKING BY
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE SHOPPING
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
PERFORMING
PASSING TIME
ON THE PHONE
WALKING BY
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
FILMING
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
SITTING AROUND
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
MEETING SOMEONE
PASSING TIME
ON THE TRAIN PERFORMING
FINDING YOUR WAY
BUYING A TICKET
ON THE PHONE
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
ON THE TRAIN
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
ON THE PHONE
SITTING AROUND
ON THE TRAIN
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
FILMING
TAKING SELFIES
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
3
TOURING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
ON THE PHONE
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE
4
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
MEETING SOMEONE
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE
WAITING FOR TRAIN
BUYING A TICKET
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
PASSING TIME
READING
WALKING BY
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
TOURING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
2 1
5 ON THE TRAIN
WAITING FOR TRAIN
ON THE TRAIN
BUYING A TICKET
WAITING FOR TRAIN
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
7
BUYING A TICKET
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN ON THE TRAIN
6 8 WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
PASSING TIME
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
READING
PASSING TIME
WALKING BY
READING
WALKING BY WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
PERFORMING
PERFORMING SELLING
PERFORMING
SELLING
9
SELLING FILMING
FILMING LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
FILMING
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
12 ASKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
SHOPPING
13
10
TOURING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
TOURING AROUND
SHOPPING CATCHING THE BUS
PUBLIC EVENT
CATCHING THE BUS FINDING YOUR WAY
11 FINDING YOUR WAY SITTING AROUND
PERFORMING SHOPPINGPERFORMING
CATCHING THE BUS SELLING
FINDING YOUR WAY FILMING
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
WAITING FOR SOMEONE MEETING SOMEONE
MEETING SOMEONE TAKING SELFIES
WAITING FOR SOMEONE SHOPPING
MEETING SOMEONE CATCHING THE BUS
TAKING SELFIES FINDING YOUR WAY
ON THE TRAIN WAITING FOR TRAIN
WAITING FOR TRAIN BUYING A TICKET
ON THE TRAIN FOR SOMEONE WAITING
WAITING FOR TRAIN SOMEONE MEETING
BUYING A TICKET TAKING SELFIES
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE PASSING TIME
TAKING SELFIES ON THE PHONE
PASSINGWAITING TIME FOR TRAIN
PASSING TIME READING
READING BUYING A TICKET
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
CATCHING THE BUS
FINDING YOUR WAY
SITTING AROUND
ON THE PHONE
ON THE PHONE SITTING AROUND
BUYING A TICKET RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
MEETING SOMEONE
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE
RUNNING FOR TRAIN ONATHE PHONE
READING WALKING BY
ON THE TRAIN WATCHING A PERFORMANCE ON THE TRAIN
FILMING
SITTINGLOOKING AROUNDAT BILLBOARDS
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
SITTING AROUND
SELLING
SHOPPING
ON THE TRAIN
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
WALKING BY
WAITING FOR TRAIN
BUYING A TICKET
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
WALKING BY RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
1 -0.5M DATA& POWER CABLES 2 -1M WATER PIPES 3 -4M SEWERS 4 STAIRS TO SURFACE LEVEL 5 -5M UNDERGROUND CONNECTION TO BASEMENT
ASKING FOR DIRECTION LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION TOURING AROUND
TOURING AROUND PUBLIC EVENT
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE ASKING FOR DIRECTION WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION PASSING TIME
TOURING AROUND READING
PASSING TIME
PUBLIC EVENT
READING
WALKING BY
TOURING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
PUBLIC EVENT WALKING BY
6 -5M TICKET HALL 7 CONTROL ROOM AND OFFICE 8 -7M MECHANICS FLOOR 9 FIRE ESCAPE STAIRS 10 -16M LOWER CONCOURSE 11 -19M BAKERLOO LINE PLATFORMS
ASKING FOR DIRECTION ASKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
TOURING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
12 -22M LOWER CONCOURSE II 13 -25M PICCADILLY LINE PLATFORMS
PICCADILLY CIRCUS - UNDER GROUND A calogue of the different activities that takes place in the tube station and a study of the different cables and infrastructure underground.
32
PICCADILLY STATION, the hub of London’s vast Undergound railway system, is one of the busiest points in the whole network. It holds the record as the only station in the world with as many as eleven escalators. On each of the tubes whoese tracks cross here, the frequency of service in the ‘‘rush’’ hours rises to forty trains an hour on each line of metals. The station is planned on modern, entirely sub-surface, lines, with batteries of electrically-operated ticket machiens, automatic bookingoffice, equipment, triple escalator and every device to expedite the flow of passengers.
PICCADILLY CIRCUS A drawing of London Piccadilly, Douglas MacPherson 1928 The drawing reveals the complexity of Piccadilly Circus underground and potential spaces for use.
33
PICCADILLY CIRCUS STATION A 3D model of Piccadilly Circus Station to understand the relationship between current underground and aboveground structures as well as the elements of the station
34
SPATIAL OPPORTUNITIES Visualisations of existing underground spatial opportunities between street level and the tube, speculating the basement extensions creating an architectural iceberg.
35
NIGHT SCENE
1969 1983 2012
LONDON FESTIVAL
2017
NEW BILLBOARD
1990
TRAFFIC CENTRE
REBUILDING OF PICCADDILLY STATION
1928 1945
VE DAY CELEBRATION FIRST ELECTRIC ADVERTISMENTS BUILT
1940 1950
LONDON TUBE BUILT
1953
PICCADILLY HALL , SELLING PICCADILLS
1626 1856
CIRCUS LOSES THE CIRCLE DUE TO SHAFTESBURY AVNUE FIRST ELECTRIC ADVERTISMENTS BUILT
ANTEROS STATUE BUILT
1906
LONDON TUBE BUILT
1910
1890
1819
NAMED ‘PICCADILLY CIRCUS’
‘PICADILLY CIRCUS, MORE THAN ANYWHERE ELSE IN THE COUNTRY, IS A PLACE FOR THE PEOPLE. IT IS NOT, FIRST OF ALL, A TRAFFIC JUNCTION NOR AN OFFICE CENTRE. IT IS SOMEWHERE PEOPLE GO TO WANDER ABOUT, GAWP AND GOSSIP, AND GENERALLY AMUSE THEMSELVES. THOSE WHO HAVE DRAWN SUCCESSIVE PLANS FOR ITS REDEVELOPMENT HAVE FAILED TO UNDERSTAND ITS REAL NATURE, AND, ONE AFTER THE OTHER THEIR EFFORTS HAVE BEEN LAUGHED TO SCORN.’ - THE OBSERVER, 1973
A HISTORY OF PICCADILLY CIRCUS
36
Piccadilly Circus is the icon and node of London, a place where not just traffic intersects but where people meet. It is often said that if you stay there long enough, you will meet everyone you know
STAFF
COMMUTER
HANGING OUT
PERFORMING
STAFF
HANGING OUT
VISITOR
STAFF
F
STAF
UT
VISITOR
GO
IN
NG
MEETING FRIENDS
PERFORMING
H AN G
UT
G
GO
T U
IN G
MIN
VISITOR
G COMMUTER GIN
G
RM RF O
T U O
IN G
G
Y
PE
GO
SE RB
HA
UT GO NG
IN
HA
NG
PA S
IN
GO
RF O
UT
RM
IN
G
H
AN
G
IN
PE RF O RM
UT
NG IN
BY
PA S
SE RB Y
HA NG IN GO
T OU
OUT
HA
Y ER B
OUT
Y
22 PERFORMING
PASS
COMMUTER
PERFORMING
COMMUTER
PERFORMING
COMMUTER
COMMUTER
COMMUTER
HANGING OUT
18
R UTE COM
FOR
ER
MIN
M
G
R UTE
PERFORMING
14 PASSER BY
14
10 HANGING OUT
10
VISITOR
12
12
PER
T RIS U TO
T
R ITO VIS
RIS U TO
UT
VISITOR
COMMUTER
HANGING OUT
PERFORMING
STAFF
VI
R
RIST
ITO
HANGING OUT
VISITOR
ND
S
TOU
I ITO ETR VIS ME
NG
F
F
ST AF
RIST
IEN
DS
STAFF
AF ST
IEN
GF R
IN
R ITO
S
ND
F
RIE
GF
ST AF
TING
STAFF STAFF
F
R
ST
U
TO
IN
ET
ME
OR VISIT
TO
SI
VI
DS
ET
G FR IEND MEETING FRIENDS
N
MEE TI
RI
ME
F
STAF
S
FR
R
ST
U
TO
MEE
NDS
FRIE
COMMUTER
AF ST
ME
STAFF
RMEETING FRIENDS
GF
IN
ET
VIS
RI
TO
GF
IN
EE T
S
ND
RIE
VISITOR
TOU
PASSER BY
F
PERFORMING
IN
U
TO
SI
VI
DS
RIE N
TOURIST
AF ST
ITO
R ITO
VIS
ST
R
VIS
T
RI
RIS
AF ST
TO
U TO
U
TO
SI
MEETING FRIENDS
STAFF
VI
U TO
ST
R
VIS
TO
RIS
T
OR SIT
UT
GO
IN
P
GO
IN
NG
STAFF
NG
COM
PER
TOURIST
HA
MIN
G
MUT
MEETING FRIENDS
FOR
08
ING
M COM
P
08
ERFO RM
16
16
HA
P
STAFF 06
ORM
ING
PERFORMING 06
18
PERF
RM ERFO
04
MEETING FRIENDS
VISITOR
04
MEETING FRIENDS
PERFORMING
VISITOR
02
ING
ER
HANGING OUT
22
TO T
S CE AN TR EN
STAFF
00
02BY PASSER
Y
GING HAN
PASS E
TOURIST ER B
ER B
MEETING FRIENDS
PASS
HAN
R BY
GING
GING
PASS
OUT
00
S IT EX
MUT
STAFF
TO T
S CE AN TR EN
COM
PERFORMING
RIE
HAN
HANGING OUT
GF
R BY
COMMUTER
N IO AT ST
PASS E
OUT
ET
PA SS ER
UT
BY
PA SS ER
VISITOR
S IT EX
COMMUTER
GING
ME
OUT
STAFF
HAN
MIN
08
M
PERFORMING
VISITOR
F
HA NG IN G
STAFF
08
R ERFO
Y
G
OR
RF
PE
20
ING
ER B
OR VISIT
20
PERFORMING
PASS
OUT
N EI PL EO FP .O O N AL
GING
GING
HANGING OUT
N
HA
PE
H AN G
O
G IN MVISITOR IN
AN H
OR
RF
PE
IN G
OU
T
O U
T
STAFF
STAFF
HAN
STAFF
UT
G
IN
G
O
OR VISIT
SI
PE RF O RM
OR
RF
PE
VI
HA NG IN G
OR VISIT
IN
NG
HA
PASS VISITOR ER B Y
STAFF
N IO AT ST
HAN
PASSER BY
UT
GO
FGIN STHAAFN
IN G
O U
T
R PE
STAFF
TOURIST
G
IN
RM
FO
BY
STAFF
OR VISIT
HA
N EI PL EO FP .O O N AL
HANGING OUT
PERFORMING
STAFF
M STAF F
RI
SSER
VISITOR
MEETING FRIENDS
TOURIST
PERFORMING
WEEKDAY
PASSER BY WEEKDAY
SATURDAY
HANGING OUT SATURDAY
VISITOR SUNDAY
SUNDAY
HOW LONDONERS TRAVELS
1%
1%
1%
2%
11%
12%
21%
21%
31%
TAXI
DLR
MOTORBIKE
CYCLE
RAIL
UNDERGROUND
WALK
BUS
DRIVE
PASSENGER COUNT Piccadilly Circus was the 12th busiest station in 2016 with 41 million passengers. It was the largest tube station in 1928, built for the capacity of 50 million passnegers. The chart shows the daily entry/exits - illustrating the busiest times of the day and week.
37
PERFORMING
SELLING
FILMING
LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS
SHOPPING
CATCHING THE BUS
FINDING YOUR WAY
SITTING AROUND
WAITING FOR SOMEONE
MEETING SOMEONE
TAKING SELFIES
ON THE PHONE
ON THE TRAIN
WAITING FOR TRAIN
BUYING A TICKET
RUNNING FOR A TRAIN
WATCHING A PERFORMANCE
PASSING TIME
READING
WALKING BY
ASKING FOR DIRECTION
LOOKING FOR DIRECTION
TOURING AROUND
PUBLIC EVENT
PICCADILLY CIRCUS, A PLACE FOR ALL A calogue of the different activities that takes place at Piccadily Circus to inform the program of the typology of spaces needed.
38
PICCADILLY LIGHTS
REGENTSTREET
SHOPS
MARBLE ARCH
ST, JAMES PARK
RESTAURANTS
PICCADILLY
REGENT STREETST. JAMES
BRASSERIE CRITERION OPEN MUSIC THEATRE ZEDEL STAGE
CLOSED MUSIC STAGE
CLOSED MUSIC STAGE
CLOSED MUSIC STAGE
SHAFTESBURY AVENUE
CHINATOWN
STREETLEVEL
COVENTRYSTREET
LECEISTER SQUARE
RING
HAYMARKET
THEATRES
EXISTING BASEMENT
MUSIC SPACES
PRODUCTION STUDIO
PRODUCTION STUDIO
OPEN MUSIC STAGE
OPEN MUSIC STAGE
OPEN MUSIC STAGE POP UP STORES
ST, JAMES PARK
THEATRE TICKETS
MAIN PLAZA
CASH POINT
THEATRES
ANTIEROS STATUE
TICKET MACHINES SEATING
PROTEST SPACE
TICKET HALL
MAPS
NOTICE BOARD
INFO POINT
ASSISTANT POINT
GATES
CONTROL ROOM
ADVERTISMENTS
SECURITY ROOM
BUSKING
GREEN ROOM
TOILETS /CHANGING ROOM
E&M
STREET LEVEL
SEATING
The site is a central node of London connecting to four districts, and significantly, joining Regents Street to Lecister Square and Theatreland.
CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE The new music venue will attract production studios to relocate into the extended basements, creating a hub for music production at Piccadilly Circus.
PUBLIC SPACE The excavation will also create new public space, restoring Piccadilly Circus as a place for people rather than a traffic junction.
TUBE STATION The tube station wil be expanded to accomodate for the high flow of people and celebrate the London Underground.
OXFORDCIRCUS BAKERLOO LINENORTH BOUND
LECEISTER SQUARE PICCADILLY LINENORTH BOUND
PEDESTRIAN COUNT CHARINGCROSS
GREEN PARK
BAKERLOO LINESOUTH BOUND
STAFF
PICCADILLY LINESOUTH BOUND
VISITOR
An analysis of the pedestrian count to understand the amount of people using this space and how it is occupied. The pedestrian flow increase through the day, peaking from 5-8pm presumably as people finish work and go to restaurants, and at 11pm after theatre show ends.
MUSICIAN
PROGRAM Mapping out the different spaces required in the project and their connections.
39
SHERWOOD STREET
GLASSHOUSE STREET
0M -5M -12M -19M
GLASSHOUSE STREET
0M -5M -12M -19M
REGENT STREET
0M -5M -12M -19M
REGENT STREET
0M -5M -12M -19M
0M -5M -12M -19M
PICCADILLY STREET
0M -5M -12M -19M
PICCADILLY STREET
0M -5M -12M -19M
Existing Facade Existing Columns Existing Opennings
Ground Level Existing Basement Potential Extension
FACADE STUDY
40
A facade study to understand the proportions between opennings and solids and the structure of the existing bulildings above ground. Leading to an exploration of the potentials of continuing the underground excavation.
N 0°
330°
30°
300°
60°
W 270°
90° E SUMMER SOLSTICE
EQUINOX
240°
120°
WINTER SOLSTICE
210°
150°
180° S
< 2 hrs
< 5hrs
< 8 hrs
< 11 hrs
< 14 hrs
< 17 hrs
SOLAR STUDY SCALE 1 : 1000 A solar analysis of the sight to understand where and how much sunlight reaches the ground level of Piccadilly Circus with its current urban fabric to determine where to intervene.
41
< 50-55dB
55 - 75 dB
> 75 dB
ACOUSTIC STUDY SCALE 1 : 1000
42
A solar and acoustic analysis of the sight to understand where and how much sunlight reaches the ground level of Piccadilly Circus with its current urban fabric to determine where to intervene.
EXPLORATIVE DRAWING A drawing exploring the expressions of an underground space. Trying to show the depth of the space and its connection to neighbouring buildings.
43
‘ICEBERG BASEMENT’ A short section to show the spatial language of the excavation, exploring the concept of ‘iceberg basement’ within Piccadilly Circus.
44
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
ITERATIONS Initial models exploring the site, form and potential arrangement of spaces.
45
VIEW FROM REGENTS STREET
PLAZA LEVEL AT -19M
VIEW FROM REGENTS STREET AT -5M
OPEN PLAZA SPACE
BAKERLOO LINE PLATFORM
BAKERLOO LINE PLATFORM
PICCADILLY LINE PLATFORM
LIGHTING QUALITIES These drawings explore the key lighting qualities and environment within the excavation.
46
INSIDE THE RE
AERIAL PERSEPCTIVE VIEW ENTERING FROM COVENTRY ST
SEMI ENCLOSED PERFORMANCE POD AT -5M
PLAZA LEVEL
PICCADILLY LINE AT -30M
KEY SPACES A collection of initial drawings showing the key spaces of the project.
47
1
DEGENERATED PICCADILLY
2
Piccadilly Circus, an icon of London, has been overtaken by cheap tourist shops, occupying vaulable listed buildings ina central node.
4
PUBLIC BASEMENT
NEW CIRCULATION
5
PUBLIC SQUARE The basement level will become a new public square.
RETAINING STRUCTURE
8
6
NEW URBAN SPACE The excavation provides new urban space.
NEW TICKET HALL The east end of the site will become a new ticket hall, providing a more direct and shortened route to the platform.
10
MUSIC VENUES The new urban space provides multiple music venues for buskers,.
BUILDING GENESIS An overview of the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s development.
48
PEDESTRIANALISATION The project speculates the pedestrianlisation of London, providing new walkwys.
Central to the project is a new retaining structure to support the surrounding basments from collapsing.
The retaining structure will be optimised with supporting beams that double act as circulation to the surrounding basement activities.
9
3
In light of tight urban spaces, iceberg buildings have become a trend as building extend their basements.
This project proposes the extension of urban space underground, excavating the made ground above the deep level tubes.
7
BASEMENT EXTENSIONS
11
CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE The basement level will become a new public square.
0M
-5M
-12M
-19M
High Stress
Med Stress
Low Stress
STRUCTURAL OPTIMISATION The perimeter of the site was put into Millipede, a Grasshopper plug in, to understand the load paths. The retaining structures design were informed by the generated load paths
49
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
ITERATION OF RINGS
50
A collection of design for the ring, exploring how it could be designed to perform as a retaining structure working in compression whilst being an occupiable space with opennings and circulation routes.
0M
OUTER RING INNER RING The rings work in compression to retain the ground forces. -5M OUTER RING INNER RING
-12M STRUCTURAL WEB OF BEAMS
-19M BEAMS STRUCTURAL WEB OF BEAMS
DIAPHRAGM WALLS
SECANT PILE WALLS
EXTENSION OF COLUMNS
EXISTING STRUCTURE NEW STRUCTURE
1:2000
0m
-12m
High Stress Med Stress Low Stress
PLANAR ANALYSIS OF LOAD
-5m
-19M
The perimeter of the site was put into Millipede, a Grasshopper plug in, to understand the load paths. The retaining structures design were informed by the generated load paths
STRUCTURAL OPTIMISATION The excavated space will require an intensive structural strategy to retain the extended basements. The vertical and horizontal load paths were studies to develop an optimised structural system connecting the exisiting basements and newly excavated space.
51
RADIO 300m2 The Cafe and Bar will be integrated with a radio station, the new headquarters for SOHO Radio, broadcasting the music recorded at this station.
BAR 300m2 A cafe/bar is situated inside the ring, accomodating for the coffee and drinking culture in London during the day / night respectiely
OPEN PODS 2204m2 The open pods are public busking spots, also acting as spaces where people can sit and rest.
CLOSED PODS 2248m2 Closed are located directly beneath the open pods, with the form of the open pods creating an acoustic shell for the performances in the closed Pods.
POP UP VENUES 669m2 Piccadilly Circus is often a place where people gather with pop up shops as ice creem stores or flower shops. These pop up venues will provide the space for these activities to continue to occur
PUBLIC SQUARE 3990m2 New public square is created at the basement level of the excavation, accomodating for the public protests/ gatherings/ celebrations that Piccadilly Circus attracts. Existing: 2000m2 of public â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;spaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; formed by the road islands currently.
EXTENDED PLATFORMS 2422m2 The platforms are often congested currently with the mere 2.5m of platform width. These will be widened to create a continuous spacce and direct routes between spaces.
BOH 267m2 Back of house space for the performers and music venues and public toilets.
UG STAFF OFFICE
TICKET HALL
235m2 Staff office incluses their control room and pantry, green room. Existing: 20m2
267m2 Back of house space for the perfoers and music venues.
MASSING A study of architectural history to identify the pioneering moments.
52
THE NEW UNDERGROUND
53
Low Stress
Med Stress
High Stress
LIGHTING STUDY
54
One of the greatest concern and challenges of underground space is the lack of natural lighting. Lighting tests were conducted to better understand the lighting conditions and thus programmatic allocation on site and throughout the day.
Open Sound
Covered Sounds
Interior Sounds
PIONEERING MOMENTS I The project is extremely sensitive to the acoustics of the space being situated in a tight knit urban fabric with alot of exist. This is an initial analysis of the different sound sources and their interaction
55
OPEN POD As there is no shelter above the performing space, sound is projected omni directional, such that people in the proximity will be able to hear music. This creates an informal busking space.
COVERED POD Whilst there is no enclosure, the performance and seating space is sheltered by the pod above, allowing the installation of acoustic panels to absorb the sound and reducing reverberation time. This provides a more controlled atmosphere of sound, and clash less with neighobouring sounds.
CLOSED POD The acoustic panel is absorved by the acoustic panels installed in the ceilng cladding and the acoustic insulation installed inflooring.
ACOUSTIC
56
Sound control is essential in the success of this space - the dampening of unwanted background noises and amplification of music. The music pods are key elements to the acoustic control of the project.
Outer Ring beam
Underpinning column
New Glass facade allowing light in and out
Existing Portland Stone Clad Exposed Brick Column
Encased Steel Bar & Reinforcements
New walkways and entrance to building
BASEMENT EXTENSION The new architecture weaves in and out of the existing listed building, exposing elements of the existing structure, meeting but not touching, and underpined by new concrete columns This details studies the joint between the ring beam at the Grade II Listed Old County Fire building.
57
1
STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADE
LED Strip light fixture Steel Re-bars
800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete 150mm Concrete Composite concrete floor slab
LED STRIP LIGHT FIXTURE UNDER SLAB
600mm X 200mm Secondary I-beams with circular opennings allowing for a cablce pipe and services to run
2
PERFORMANCE DECK Prefabricated Fbre Concrete decks.
Reinforced
Rain gutter concealed under steps. Waterproofing membrane.
3
OUTER RING BEAM 800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete
4
STEEL GRID A grid of composite secondary beams that is the centre of the pod strcture, dictating the form and supporting the load from seating and the services below.
5
CEILING SERVICES
Continuous Ribs & distribution ducts
Glass Reinforced Concrete panels with micro perforation
Ceiling lights ans epakers suspened from grooves of steel deck
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC OF NESTED POD I
58
An analysis of the different elements an integration of structure and services.
OPEN WALKWAY A scenic walkway is created on the top of the ring.
Concealed LED Light fixture Composite Conrete Floor Cross Brace Steel Cable Service pipes and cables Small beams supporting panels Acoustic Panel GRC Panel
RING BEAM The perspective view demonstrates the concealed services within
59
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC OF RING BEAM AN EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC EXPOSING THE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS THAT FORMS THE RING BEAM.. SCALE 1:50 COMPOSITE CONCRETE SLAB SECONDARY I BEAMS STEEL BRACKET SUPPORTING SLAB CONCRETE STRUCTURAL CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT
ACOUSTIC PANES RIBS HOLDING PANELS COMPOSITE CONCRETE SLAB STRUCTURAL GLASS
CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT ACOUSTIC PANELS HORIZONTAL I BEAMS STRUCTURAL BEAMS GRC PANEL
PIONEERING MOMENTS I A study of architectural history to identify the pioneering moments.
60
61
STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADE
PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY
INTEGRATED
The balustrade ring continues with the outer ring beam, both a steel structure encassed in concrete for fire protection.
The beams of the ring connecting the outer to inner ring becomes a scenic pedestrian walkway. The upper walkway leading to the roof of the ring and the lower walkway into the radio and bar.
The use of a stee between the beam the structure.
HIDDEN COLUMN STRUCTURE The column structure is cladded in concrete to form a more scultupral form. The column complete the triangulated structure for the ring to act in compression to retain the basement.
COMPRESSION RING The ring works in compression, equally distributing the inward forces of the outer ring to prevent the excavation from collapsing
SIDE ELEVATION
RETAINING
The ring is a key feature of the project a collapsing due to
62
Composite Concrete Slab Secondary I Beams Steel Bracket supporting slab
Concrete structural balustrade Concrete reinforcement
D SERVICES
el structure allows cables to run in ms, concealing the services within
Acoustic Panes Ribs holding panels Composite Concrete Slab Structural Glass
Concrete Reinforcement Acoustic Panels Horizontal I beams Structural Beams GRC Panel
WALKWAYS The beam is composed of three steel beams, splitting into three walkways, one acting as a ramp to go into the ring.
BACK ELEVATION
FRONT ELEVATION
RING BEAM
as it retains the massive excavation from o ground forces.
63
STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADE
OPEN PERFORMANCE SPACE
The balustrade part of the outer retaining ring beam, a steel beam encassed in concrete for fire protection.
The shell shaped nested pod is a performance space for buskers at Piccadilly Circus, the steps double acting as a seating space.
It is tapered meet the end of the nested pod where the height difference is reduced to a step and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t pose as a health risk.
1 2
ACOUSTIC GRC PANELS Glass Reinforced Concrete panels with micro perforation will be used to clad the bottom of the steel structure, it is chosen for its durability as it is exposed to the climate, but also for its acoustic properties.
NESTED
The open air music pod will be expose requiring durable materials. It will also beneath, needing to b
64
1 STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADE
2
1
BEAM SPANNING 7M
LED Strip light fixture
A prefabicated steel beam spanning 7m across the outer ring beam, acting as circulation and structural support to the nested pod.
Steel Re-bars 800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete 150mm Concrete Composite concrete floor slab LED Strip light fixture under slab 600mm X 200mm Secondary I-beams with circular opennings allowing for a cablce pipe and services to run
2 PERFORMANCE DECK Prefabricated Fbre Reinforced Concrete decks.
Rain gutter concealed under steps. Waterproofing membrane.
3 OUTER RING BEAM 800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete
4 STEEL GRID A grid of composite secondary beams that is the centre of the pod strcture, dictating the form and supporting the load from seating and the services below.
5 CEILING SERVICES Continuous Ribs & distribution ducts
Glass Reinforced Concrete panels with micro perforation
4 5
Ceiling lights ans epakers suspened from grooves of steel deck
D POD
ed to varying climatic conditions, thus o be required to service the music pod be acoustically sound.
65
STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADE
1
The balustrade part of the outer retaining ring beam, a steel beam encassed in concrete for fire protection.
PERFORMANCE DECK
2
The covered performance deck allows a controlled performance beyond simple busking.
SEMI ENCL
The covered music pod will be exposed t being sheltered from the rain. However, t and services to accomoda
66
SHETERED PERFORMANCE SPACE The open music pod above acts as shelter for this space, allowing the site to be inhabited a range of weather conditions. It also allows a more controlled sound and light performance.
2 PERFORMANCE DECK Prefabricated Fibre Reinforced Concrete decks.
Acoustic Insulation Waterproof Membrane Rain gutter concealed under steps. Composite Concrete Flooring on steel ribs.
1
SEATING Prefabricated Fibre Concrete decks.
Reinforced
Acoustic Insulation Waterproofing membrane.
Ribs for floor plate
LED Strip light fixture under slab
4 3 5 3 OUTER RING BEAM 800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete
4 STEEL GRID A grid of composite secondary beams that is the centre of the pod strcture, dictating the form and supporting the load from seating and the services below.
Steel plate bolted into main I-beam structure and treads.
4
5 CEILING SERVICES Acoustic Panels
Suspension wires and rib holding acoustic panels Ceiling lights ands epakers suspened from grooves of steel deck
LOSED POD
to a smaller range of climatic conditions this creates higher lighting requirements ate for the music program.
67
CLOSED
The enclosed music pod will create a h more suitable for specific instrumenta adapted into a pop up space for other e glass creating a s
68
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC OF STRUCTURE An analysis of the different elements.
1 STRUCTURAL GLASS The facade is constructed with new glass technology that can support its own weight.
Aluminium receiving bracket,
Timber panels
High performance Underlay for acoustics Supporting Ribs
3 STEEL GRID FRAME A grid of composite secondary beams that is the centre of the pod strcture, dictating the form and supporting the load from seating and the services below.
4 OUTER RING BEAM 150mm composite concrete floor Steel Bracket and acoustic sealant
Steel plate bolted into main I-beam structure and treads. 800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete GRC Concrete Panels Steel ribs for panel Lighting
5 CEILING SERVICES Steel Ribs Suspension wires and rib holding acoustic panels Ceiling lights and speakers
D POD
highly controlled acoustic environment, al performances and It could also be events. It is constructed with structural seamless facade.
69
DESIGN ITERATIONS
UNDERGROUND LONDON PICCADILLY CIRCUS
YAT NING (HEIDI), AU YEUNG UNIT 14
70
2017-18
EXPLORATIVE DRAWING A perspective plan view to show the scheme’s urban intervention. Neighbouring streets are pedestrianlised and ramped down towards the ‘circus’. The basements of surrounding buildings are excavat ed downwards and connected to the new station.
71
EXPLORATIVE DRAWING
72
An initial exploration intercepting forms radiation from the center of Piccadilly Circus.
SKETCHES I Initial sketches exploring the shape of the site in plan and potential excavation lines.
73
ITERATION I
74
This iteration explores the canyon excavation, maximising the structural support to above ground buildings and lighting to underground spaces.
ITERATION II This iteration is an inverse canyon where each level takes a step back revealing moreunderground spaces. These drawings show the mixture of open and enclosed space that could be adopted.
75
ITERATION III
76
This iteration takes reference to the watch industry situated in Piccadilly Circus historically, and how that structure could be adapted into a circulation means, emphasising the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;circusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of Piccadilly.
ITERATION IV The existing road paths inform the form of the excavation. This iteration also uses the ring as a central circulation route and retaining structure.
77
SKETCHES II
78
Perspective sketches exploring the smaller spaces within the project and how the facade continues into the new excavation.
ITERATION V This iteration speculates on the pedestrianalisation of the roads on site, allowing ramps to lead downwards into the excavation. The form is extracted from the boundaries of the existing buildings on site.
79
ITERATION VI
80
A perspective plan view to show the scheme’s urban intervention. Neighbouring streets are pedestrianlised and ramped down towards the ‘circus’. The basements of surrounding buildings are excavat ed downwards and connected to the new station.
ITERATION VII An exploration of how the space could be broken up following the form of the existing urban fabric, joined toether by the central ring.
81
ITERATION VIII
82
Exploring how the ring may act as a retaining structure to the surrounding basements and their contact points.
ITERATION IX Exploration of the ringâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s form and vertical support - highlighted as the pink elements in the drawing.
83
ITERATION X A development of the form of the ring and its relationship with the excavation.
84
ITERATION XI Taking inspiration from the micro structure of shells, this iteration looks at how the whole excavation maybe supported by a system of beams with the ring at the centre. This also allows spaces to be nested within the structure.
85
ITERATION XII
86
Lateral support is required approximately at every 7m - this iteration is a development of the layers of structure retaining the excavation, freeing up space inbetween layers for activity.
SKETCHES III Further development of the plan, finding a structural form that acts as both a retaining structure, and circulation route.
87
ITERATION XIII
88
A further development of the retaining structure. The series of initial renderings explores the spatial qualities of the project at different time of day, in context of the tight urban fabric.
ITERATION XIV A further development of the design - understanding the space between the retaining structure to identify locations where program maybe nested.
89
ITERATION XV A series of renderings exploring the space during day time.
90
ITERATION XVI Musical pods are nested into the retaining structure, creating spaces for informal performances and recording.
91
SKETCHES IV A series of sketches exploring the detailing and technical aspects of the design.
92
ITERATION XVII Further exploration of the different spaces and lighting qualities in the project.
93
0M
-5M
-12M
ITERATION XVIII An initial short section through the site and a series of initial plans.
94
-19M
ITERATION XIX A series of views revealing the key spaces in the design.
95
ITERATION XX A series of views revealing the key spaces in the design.
96
ITERATION XXI A series of views revealing the key spaces in the design.
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Maggie Lan www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2018 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.
112
UNIT @unit14_ucl
113
P I O N E E R I N G S E N T I M E N T
2018
At the centre of Unit 14’s academic exploration lies Buckminster Fuller’s ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’, a master-builder that follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal of the designer as somebody who is capable of comprehending the ‘integrateable significance’ of specialised findings and is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of these discoveries while not disappearing into a career of expertise. Like Fuller, we are opportunists in search of new ideas and their benefits via architectural synthesis. As such Unit 14 is a test bed for exploration and innovation, examining the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. We are in search of the new, leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital as well as physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation with a research-driven core, generating momentum through astute synthesis. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and through the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, generates new and unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals. They are beautiful because of their intelligence - extraordinary findings and the artful integration of those into architecture. This year’s UNIT 14 focus shifts onto examining moments of pioneering sentiment. We find out about how human endeavor, deep desire and visionary thought interrelate and advance cultural as well as technological means while driving civilisation as highly developed organisation. Supported by competent research we search for the depicted pioneering sentiment and amplify found nuclei into imaginative tales with architectural visions fuelled by speculation. The underlying principle and observation of our investigations is that futurist speculation inspires and ultimately brings about significant change. A prominent thinker is the Californian Syd Mead who envisages and has scripted a holistic vision of the future with his designs and paintings. As universal as our commitment and thoughts is our testbed and territory for our investigations and proposals. Possible sites are as such global or specific to our visits, as much as the individual investigations suggest and opportunities arrive. Unit 14 is supported by a working relationship with innovators across design. We engage specialists, but remain generalists, synthesising knowledge towards novel ways of thinking, making and communicating architecture.
UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl
All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Maggie Lan www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2018 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.