Vegard Elseth_Y4 | Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture by UNIT 14

VEGARD ELSETH YEAR 4

UNIT

Y4 VE

EQUINOR FORNEBU

@unit14_ucl

All work produced by Unit 14 Cover design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2021 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

@unit14_ucl

VEGARD ELSETH YEAR 4 Y4 VE

vegardelseth@gmail.com @vegardelseth

EQUINOR FORNEBU LAFTING SYSTEMIC Fornebu, Norway

he project follows a meta-driven approach in attempt to design and reparametrise a structural system for a remarkably simple and traditional stacking method better recognized in Scandinavia as “lafting”. Lafting generally was used for smaller barns, sheds and houses, to carry out multiple objectives to perform as a structural system, as an insulator, and a regional style.

In regards to the sovereign state’s oil fund model, the concept of allowing emissive talents in to an optimal facility is not far off from how equity and investments are made in various tech-driven stock markets like NASDAQ or even the NYSE.

Consequently, in scaling the lafting profile linearly and mixing a range of new wood properties and dimensions, the lafting profile can become evidently stronger in regions where it previously was performing poorly. The goal is to substantiate a programme that can facilitate the different problems that would normally occur in the deficiencies of lafting (e.g.: over-stacking resulting in buckling, moisture problems between logs, etc.) to the extent where this practice is highly performative and not recognisable as traditional lafting anymore. The building is situated in Norway in a new city that is actively looking for performance and area concerned proposals in an attempt to establish a new urban center outside of Oslo. In correlation with the site, surrounding buildings and companies are pre-dominantly corperate and techdriven. An abundance of closed of headquarters create a very poor connection between residents and work lifestyle. The headquarters aim to establish an open-ended growth cycle similarly to that of the sovereign state and its oil company. The headquarters is open and public and invites young tech start-up companies to collaborate, cooperate and develop ideas in the new Equinor HQ.

>Initial Research

Initial Research

(a)

Tessungsdalen, Telemark, Norway

Artefact: Traditional stabbur from Tessungsdalen Tectonic Index Overview

(a)

Tessungsdalen, Telemark, Norway

Artefact: Traditional stabbur from Tessungsdalen

1 Lafting

2 Beam splice

Tectonic Index 3 Web system Overview 4 Pillar (mammal defector) 1 Lafting 5 Rock stilts 2 Beam splice 3 Web system 4 Pillar (mammal defector) 5 Rock stilts

>Initial Research

Lafting: Stabbur 1

>Initial Research

The project revolves around this traditional artefact that demonstrates various cross-ventilation strategies 07 and introduces lafting as an additive to a structural system but also to an insulator.

(b)

Vinje, Telemark, Norway

Artefact: Traditional stabbur from Vinje Tectonic Index Overview 1 Canopy (low air pressure) 2 Brackets 3 Lafting 4 Inscriptions (religious) 5 Pillar (mammal defector)

>Initial Research

Lafting: Stabbur 2 6

The stabbur exhibits key features that become scalable and emissive as design tools, such as the staddles stones as a foundation, the lafting as an insulator ans system, and the purlin roof construction.

(a)

Tessungsdalen, Telemark, Norway

Traditional stabbur from Tessungsdalen

Left view

Tessungsdalen

Left view

Vinje

(b)

2 3

6 7

-> 1 Web (beams)

8 9

-> 2 Rafters -> 3 Board -> 4 Top chord -> 5 Bottom chord -> 6 Curved (beams) -> 7 Outer lock -> 8 Footing -> 9 Inner lock

>Initial Research

Lafting: Stabbur 3

The word “stabbur” or "storage cage" was used to distinguish between rod-built cages and from other lafted cages. The building is a moisture control unit and it allows passive cross-ventilation constantly.

Index of joinery Wood joints

>Initial Research

Wood Joints 8

Stopped dado

Half-lap

Dado

Middle-lap

Dado and rabbet

End-lap

Cross-lap

Bevel-lap splice

Dado tongue and rabbet

Dovetail dado

Splice

Squared splice

Keyed

Haunch

The mapping and detailing of traditional wood connections and joints, getting a better understanding of what different connections allow and also how they would work transistionally to a global framework.

Index of joinery Wood splices

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

Seams, ziggurat, hyperbolic

Prototype: Multi-directional splice

>Initial Research

Wood Splices

Channels, sections, void, solid

Prototype: Multi-directional splice

Wood connections and the actuation between members in lafting requires attention to extending member lengths by splicing timber members. Different traditional strategies are documented and tested.

Force Resistance w/shed

Alm

Tolerance Tool wear

Properties Bending form

kg/m3 Dry density r0

640

Density 750

650 650

Ask

550 Low

Low

Poor

Good

Very good

Comparison Alm vs Ask 750

Birch

680 650

604

Bøk

550 Low

Low

Poor

Good

Very good

Comparison Birch vs Bøk 750

Oak 650

650 (490)

Lind

550 Low

Low

Poor

Good

Very good

Comparison Oak vs Lind 750

Maple 620

650

550 Low

Low

Poor

Good

Very good

Comparison Maple vs Or 750

Osp

650 (463)

Norway Spruce

(430) 550

Low

Poor

Good

Very good

Comparison Osp vs Gran 750

Pine

650 (490) 550 Low

>Initial Research

Tree Species Sorting 10

Low

Poor

Good

Very good

Comparison Pine

Sorting and familarizing different types of softwoods and hardwoods by putting them up against another sort to see how they perform and what type of trees yield the best constructional qualities.

Crease

Paperboard

(a)

Ridge Ductus deferens

Double Muscular artery

H/R

(b)

-0.50

-0.10

-0.05

Bitter melon

Cactus

Stump

-0.10

-0.05

H/R

-0.50

(c)

Patternless

Ridge

Crease

Double

Deformation of concave film–substrate structure

Convex

Concave

(b)

(e)

(a)

(d)

B A

Current heterogeneous state

A B C

(c)

Reference state

Surface Creasing and Instabilities

(f)

Reference state

Current patterned state

>Initial Research

Current heterogeneous state

Current patterned state

A closer look at what happenes in film-substrate structures to understand the different modes of active bending or creasing. Research driven design is driven by the actuation of the firing rate of active creases.

Adaptive Bending Morphology

ICD Design Studio (Prof. A. Menges)

Description

1 Subtrate enters 2 Enzyme changes shape

3 Substrate binds enzyme 4 Enzyme changes shape

Substrate binds to enzyme bi-products

Substrate entering active site of enzyme

Enzyme/products complex

Products leaving active site of enzyme

>Initial Research

Adaptive Veneer Bending 1 12

Enzyme/substrate complex

Design and experiments around the design works of Oliver D. Krieg and Prof. A Menges wood veneer adaptive bending experiments. Parametrically testing different changes in form, height and posture (1/2).

Adaptive Bending Seed (A)

Morphological system (height 75%)

Adaptive Bending Seed (B)

Morphological system (height 100%)

Tectonic Index Two-end veneer 1 Hollow section 2 Y Wing 3 X Wing 4 Upper splice 5 Opening slot 6 Decline 7 Active crease

>Initial Research

Adaptive Veneer Bending 2

Adaptive bending in wood veneers were parametrically generated to extensively control a morphology of different outputs of small changes in posture, form and curvatures for the veneer plates (2/2).

Seed i

Seed iii

Seed ii 5.00

5.00 (x)

Base ratio

(y)

2.50 (x)

(y)

>Initial Research

Lafting Stacking Systemics 1 14

2.50

(y)

(19)

Range

(x) 2.50

0.00

Cylinder depth

5.00

(28)

0.00

(16)

Early stages of the project investigates the range of member lengths and thickness, in a controlled environment to parametrically develop possible outcomes as two rectangular openings finger-joint the members.

Range 1

Range 3

Range 5

>Initial Research

Lafting Stacking Systemics 2

An extension to previous studies to look at stereotypes that emerge from a generative pool of lafting outputs driven by a simple traditional stacking logic in terms of the lengths of members and the cylinder thickness.

Factory standard saw cuts

Thermal mass compactness

(17)

(11)

(6)

Quarter sawn (x)

(3)

0 (S)

(S-M)

(M-L)

(L) 20 (13)

(10) Quarter sawn (y)

(8)

(4)

0 (S)

(S-M)

(M-L)

(L) (17)

Straigth sawn

(10)

(8)

(4)

0 (S)

(S-M)

(M-L)

(L) 20 (12)

(11) (7)

Hybrid sawn

10 5

(2)

0 (S)

(S-M)

(M-L)

(L)

Straigth grain

Quarter sawn

Plain sawn

Spherical Wood Grain Pattern

Cross-section of tree stump

>Initial Research

Lafting Stacking Systemics 3 16

A coarse-grained approach or bottom-up to understanding of wood’s granular qualities in different saw-cutting standards. Comparing the lengths of members (range) to determine thermal mass quality.

(a)

Hidis˛elu de Jos, Bihor, Romania

Dovetail

Config

Performance Romanian hook

Section

Very good

Good

Poor

(b)

Molzegg, NE Austria

Performance Tyrolean hook

Dovetail

Very good

Good

Poor

(c)

Toshodaiji kyozo, Nara, Japan

Performance Equilateral triangle

Finger joint

Very good

Good

Poor

(d)

Chogosonshi-ji, Nara, Japan

Performance Truncated

Log stack

Very good

Good

Poor

(e)

Vågå, Oppland, Norway

Performance Vågålaft

Lafting

Very good

Good

Poor

(f)

Sádek, Czech Republic

Belt and braces

Performance Kegelwand Very good

Good

Poor

>Initial Research

Wood Stacking Systems

Wood stacking and the log house is one of the oldest timber construction in history and is found in different variations and sizes all around different countries in Europe, Asia, and in recent centuries North-America.

Boathouse from Ikaalinen in the Seurasaari Open-air Museum, Finland

Traditional Finnish boathouse from Ikaalinen

(a)

Config i

Config ii

One-armed

x 1.000

Two-armed

y 1.000

Quadra-armed

x Boathouse from Ikaalinen in the Seurasaari Open-air Museum, Finland

Boathouse exhibits cage-like cells for columns

2.000

y 2.000

Multi-armed

x 2.000

y 3.000

(b) Config i

Config ii

One-legged

x Boathouse from Ikaalinen in the Seurasaari Open-air Museum, Finland

x 1.000

1.000

Two-legged

y 1.000

x 1.000

y 2.000

Long spans along lafted cage-like cells

Config iii

Quadra-legged

x 2.000

>Initial Research

Artefact: Ikaalinen Finnish Boat House 18

y 2.000

Config iv

Multi-legged

x 2.000

y 3.000

Log stacking is traditionally a method employed for log house, but in Finland it is built like retaining cages to hold a large space roof structure over several boats to allow for full cross-ventilation.

Between 1894-1895 Proposal for a Chapel at Holmenkollen

February, 1892 Fjeldheim, facade Grefstadfjeldet

Between 1902-1904 H.M. Vagtmandshus

November, 1902 City of Østend, stables and storage project

Holmekollen, Oslo, Norway

A) Eg. Brackets

Brackets shows time-typical "national romantic" building customs.

>Initial Research

Norwegian Lafting Typologies

Bygdøy, Oslo, Norway

B) Eg. Brackets

Brackets are easily incorporated in log construction.

Ål in Hallingdal, Viken, Norway

C) Eg. Brackets

Brackets displaying wing like openings for a stretcher ramp.

Sarabråten, Kongsberg, Norway

D) Eg. Brackets

Stabbur frequently exhibited local brackets customs.

A deeper look into the norwegian heritage of the lafting systemics that differentiate around a wide range of various towns and parts of Norway, expressed through folk tradition and cultures

(a)

S.J. Biserica de lemn din Poarta Salajului, Romania

Church of Wood from Sălaj’s gate Tectonic Index Overview 1 Sălaj’s spire 2 Tower canopy 3 Pilaster pinnacle 4 Buttress pinnacle 5 Roof shingles 6 Window 7 Upper bracket 8 Bottom bracket 9 Metal wood strap

(b)

Bottom bracket i Fractal 1

Upper bracket ii Fractal (scaled)

y + 0.00

Range

y +2.00

Rule system 1

>Initial Research

Artefact: Church of Wood Sălaj’s Gate 20

Comparing the lafting traditions of Norway to different and unique log stacking structures showcasing incredible fractal-like brackets or, and, over-lap systems that develop an enclosed space for light permittance.

1930 Aalto’s patent for the bent knee

Wood species Bending quality

1933 Alvar Aalto, stool 60, three Aalto legs

White oak

%3,18

Weak area

%16,9

Red oak

Rank

Elm

N/A

Hickory

N/A

Ash

N/A

Grain A bend sawn from a wide board Accurate but weak/wasteful material

2 Weak area

Shifting grain Weak cross grain

Exposed glue lines Exposed shaping

Solid strip - difficult to bend accurately/sharply

1:2 % of moisture added to wood in gluing

Spring

Beech

Stock length in tact

Birch

Long grain retained after curve

Cherry Laminated - light/strong/accurate

Continual grain

Cut from solid wood

Laminated from thin strips

Walnut

1:2 % of moisture added to wood in gluing

6 %32,5

9 10

%5,6 10

7 8

N/A

%16,5

Maple

Steam bent from solid wood

N/A

Range

x 294 -275

x 396 -143

138 -136

340 -331

167 -243

400 -144

>Initial Research

Alvar Aalto and the Theory of Play 1

x 106 -163

x 308 -335

232 -379

244 -208

334 -214

279 -251

x 236 -130

x 285 -106

282 -218

188 -341

117 -348

319 -170

x 142 -364

382 -265

188 -100

382 -265

188 -100

Building on the playful ideas of Alvar Aalto and his timber experiments, a structural frame was developed to free up the lafting as a retaining structure and its design parameters that had been tested previously.

Bundle structures (catacomb)

Prototype: Structural ecology, simple environment multi-component + lafting prototype 1

>Initial Research

Alvar Aalto and the Theory of Play 2 22

Lafting in a traditional stabbur is merely an additive to the overall structural system. In attempt to develop the lafting, a playful bending timber structure was created to allow more three-dimensionality for the lafting.

Fragment (1) Prototype: Structural ecology, extreme environment multi-component + lafting prototype

>Initial Research

Lafting Secondary System 1

The goal of the fragments was to identify the lafting system behvaiour in a controlled and planar environment in both fragments, each of which deploy different conditions concerned with heights and lengths (1/2).

Fragment (2) Prototype: Structural ecology, extreme environment multi-component + lafting prototype

>Initial Research

Lafting Secondary System 2 24

Fragment testing the lafting system as a secondary system to create enclosure and remain an additive to the overall structural system similarly to the traditional log houses around Europe (2/2).

Range 1

x/y 139 112

1.758 2.335

0.425 4.160

2.674 1.174

2.269 3.751

2.251 2.824

2.270 0.600

1.167 0.100

0.937 1.475

1.791 1.557

1.105 2.309

1.833 1.266

x/y 169 112

0.467 2.335

0.924 1.243

1.877 2.779

4.161 3.334

1.020 2.626

4.583 4.032

1.604 0.933

1.000 1.599

1.937 2.558

2.666 2.848

0.439 1.476

0.958 1.891

x/y 202 47

1.520 0.560

0.503 2.176

0.213 2.106

2.780 1.741

0.229 2.501

1.584 1.242

2.145 1.933

1.125 0.974

3.062 1.225

1.625 2.015

1.647 0.685

0.750 0.517

x/y 143 82

3.290 2.932

1.600 1.185

0.425 4.160

1.293 1.741

1.395 0.585

0.834 2.158

2.271 2.850

0.917 3.015

382 -265

188 -100

0.939 1.935

1.042 2.308

x/y 83 82

x/y 45 87

x/y 199 205

x/y 250 126

Range

x/y 180 52

x/y 72 52

x/y 195 113

x/y 210 138

x/y 99 170

x/y 33 132

x/y 129 132

x/y 122 45

Range

x/y 113 116

x/y 75 89

x/y 58 66

x/y 142 -364

x/y 50 117

>Initial Research

Nested Lafting Index 1

x/y 154 146

x/y 220 112

x/y 129 112

Advancing the lafting system as a finger-jointed complex, here members are scaled on 3 different occations to develop cage-like systems to be further extended in to larger nested systems.

Bundle structures (catacomb)

Prototype: Nested Towers with Lafting 1

x/y

Tower 1 (nested)

x/y

>Initial Research

Nested Lafting Index 2 26

Tower 2 (nested)

x/y 250cm 250cm

x/y 183cm 111cm

350cm

0.500 2.000

400cm

0.500 2.000

x/y 250cm 250cm

x/y 183cm 111cm

350cm

0.500 2.000

285cm

0.500 2.000

Building on the generative pool of finger-jointed lafting towers, these two fragments attempted to re-invent the lafting and its capabilities for what it was previously, but now being more autonomous as a primary.

Log Scribing and Notching

Lafting and Scribing the notch Sequence for cutting the W-groove

Cut away one V-section first

x/y

Cut remains

x/y

First V-cut (1/2)

Remains of V-cut cut away (2/2)

x/y

Initial cuts

A rough or first scribe on the log

Remove the wood in pieces and roll the log over

Use a layout board to keep all the scarfs the same

The final scribe

Most cuts are done by chain -saw, but cut the last quarter with hand tools

The notch should be smooth and slightly cupped to prevent hanging up on the lower log

Outdoors

Indoors

Outdoors

Indoors

Outdoors

Air leak

Indoors

Air leak

Caulking

Outdoors

Indoors

Air leak

Backer rod or gasket

Chinking

Backer rod or gasket

Fiberglass particles

x/y

Poor seal

Scribing the groove profile

>Initial Research

Notching, Scribing and Lafting

x/y

Fair seal

x/y Better seal

Scarf cut with chainsaw

x/y

Best seal both sides

Compression-fit saddle notch

The lafting technique can vary from country to region to person, but hereditary to norwegian traditions, the lafting is carefully scribed by hand modular tools and then lafted (laid down) in low tolerant notches.

Sill beam (Norw. ‘svill’)

1248-1332

Sill beams (Per. 2-7)

1248-1332

Period 5

N/A

Period 5

Uncertain

Period (year) 6 (1413) 5 (1332)

4 (1248) 3 (1198) 2 (1170) 1

Round

1170/71-1332

Flat-oval

1170/71-1332

Period 3 to 5

Oval

Rectangular

1170/71-1332

Period 3 to 5

1170/71-1332

Period 3 to 5

6 (1413) 5 (1332)

4 (1248) 3 (1198) 2 (1170) 5a

Trapezoidal

1248-1413

Bark (Norw. ‘Barke’)

1332-1413

Period 5 to 6

Findalslaft (Per. 2)

Trapezoidal

1332-1413

Period 6

6 (1413) 5 (1332)

4 (1248) 3 (1198) 2 (1170) I

Inverted

Trapeze

III

1170-1413

Flange (Norw. ‘kinning’)

III

1248-1413

Period 3 to 5,6

Kinning (Per. 3)

Ridge

Ridge 1248-1413

Period 5 to 6

6 (1413) 5 (1332)

4 (1248) 3 (1198) 2 (1170) a1

Kinning

Flange

1120-1170

Laft (Norw. ‘laftverk’)

1170-1413

Period 2

Laftverk

Upper cut

Flange

Period 3 to 6

Upper cut

6 (1413) Head

5 (1332)

5 Neck

Neck

Kinning

4 (1248)

Kinning

Neck

Garpe

Head

3 (1198) 2 (1170)

Vagenov

Findals

1120-1170

Doorpost (Norw. ‘beitski’)

1120-1170

Period 2

Kinnunger (Per. 2)

Raulands

Period 2

6 (1413) 5 (1332)

4 (1248) 3 (1198) 0 cm

Trondheim - cavaties (N/A)

>Initial Research

Documenting Lafting Artefacts 28

0 cm

30 cm

0 cm

30 cm

Oslo - oval (15 x 18 cm)

30 cm

2 (1170)

Bergen - rectuangular (18 x 16 cm)

An advanced research study was carried out by UiB to fully understand and respond to the many various genomes that the lafting system has been developed around norwegian towns and cities.

(a)

(b)

Ring shakes

Radial Cracks

Drying cracks

Scale

Tangential Cracks

Description

(c)

ERC/ETC

TTC/TRC

ITC/IRC

“1” (= white) Wood

“0” (= black) Void

“1” (= white) Wood

Modification of the section

IRC/ITC

“0” (= black) Void

ETC/ERC

Scale

TRC/TTC

IRC

ERC

IRC/ITC

Hole in the section

Heart shakes

Cup shakes

External checks

Internal checks

N/A

TRC

TRC/TTC

Division of the section in two or more pieces

Ring shakes A

Before

Star shakes

Straightening a curved log

Loose grains

Splits Curve or sweep

After Saw cuts (1/3 or 1/2 deep cuts)

Laft (Norw. ‘laftverk’)

Conical Milling Bit

3/4 mm

Flat Milling Bit

3/4 mm

Cork Filling

Single piece fixing

Glue

Wood works on whole sureface

Curvature control

Wood works on limited area

No curvature control

Wood works on limited area

Curvature control

Single piece fixing

Wedges

>Initial Research

Double-Curved Logs

The influence of cracks on the stiffness of logs is hereditary to its shape and posture, and can be applied to various techniques to achieve curvature as a solid member of lumber.

Single tower in nested organization

Prototype: Nested Towers with Kerfing and Lafting 1

x/y

>Initial Research

Kerfing and Lafting 30

Tower 1 (nested)

Tower 3 (nested)

radii 20

x/y

twist

40 30

2.500

x/y

twist

12 36

2.500

x/y

Tower 3 (nested)

Tower 4 (nested)

radii 20

x/y

twist

40 8

3.000

x/y

twist

64 24

3.000

Embedding new properties to the lafting system by introducing kerfing in which is a traditional technque used to straightening logs by sawing deep cuts in to the log to cause it to compress in to a straight form.

Gymnosperm plant

Softwood veneer glueline

Softwood

Angiosperm plant

500 um

Hardwood veneer glueline

Hardwood

100 um EW

EW LW LW

“0” (= black) Void “1” (= white) Wood

Scots pine

Round logs

Fir, Douglas

203.2mm

EW=Earlywood LW=Latewood

+2.1

= R-9.2

EW=Earlywood LW=Latewood

Norway pine

Oak, White

Maple

Beech

Larch

Cedar

Chestnut

Walnut

Birch

304.8mm

= R-11.3

254mm

203.2mm

“0” (= black) Void “1” (= white) Wood

Norway spruce

254mm

Square logs

Scale

= R-13.4

+2.1

304.8mm

Secondary growth of wood cells

Sugar allocation

Scale

Time

= R-11.3 D-profile

+2.8

254mm

203.2mm

= R-10.6

+2.8

Gymnosperm plant

Grain direction

Beech

= R-14.1

Parallel

= R-16.9

+2.8

304.8mm

= R-13.4

+2.8

Legend

1 Cell wall 2 Lignified wall B

Legend

3 Cellulose deposistion 4 Lignin deposistion

Cell enlargement and wall deposistion

= R-16.2

Kcal/mh Celsius

Average value

Standard deviation

Std. Dev

0.3314

0.081

0.2035

0.041

Kcal/mh perpendicular

Results

0.25

Perpendicular Parallel

Oak

0.050

0.2248

0.048

0.2222

0.052

0.75

Perpendicular

Fir

Parallel

0.100

0.2105

0.014

0.1680

0.043

Perpendicular Parallel

Scots pine

0.1573

0.034

0.1563

0.025

0.1817

0.029

0.1618

0.043

Perpendicular Parallel

Chestnut

0.1618

0.1516 0.1680

0.125 0.150

0.175 0.2035 0.2222

0.200

0.225

Perpendicular

Comparison Beech, oak, fir, scots pine and chestnut

>Initial Research

Thermal and Scaling Properties

Wood is a natural insulator due to air pockets within its cellular structure, hence the more annual rings the better the resistance. Wood has scaling properties, so by increasing its size, you decrease the transmittance.

Transport of water and nutrients

Growth and structure

Vascular system

Wood anatomy

Inner bark

Outer bark Heartwood

Nutrient solution

Longtudinal direction

Sapwood

Outer bark

Water and nutrients

Cambium

Medullary ray

Fluid flow Latewood

Pith

Earlywood

Heartwood Sapwood

(A) Grain direction

(B) Grain direction

Plain-sawn

Harness grain pattern

Quartersawn

Boards vary by posistion, yielding a mixed bag of plain-sawn, quartersawn, and rift-sawn grain

Types of knots in pine

Rift-sawn

Although some boards show quartersawn grain, most boards show only rift-sawn grain

Heartwood and knots

Every board shows all quartersawn grain, with no rift-sawn grain at all

Green knot Top log

Blackknot Middle log

Standard size ratio

1:2 Width changes at twice the rate of thickness

1:1 Width and thickness change at the same rate

1.5x

2x (A) Hardwood

Tension wood

2:1 Width changes half the rate of thickness

1.5x (B) Softwood

Compression wood

Knot-free wood Butt log

Q Heartwood

Tension wood

Compression wood S

R R

>Initial Research

Harnessing Grain Patterns 32

Attention to the granular quality of extracting wood in different factory standards to optimize various goals. More thorough research of the specific grain directions allow for a more accurate response to criterias.

[Ortho] Lafting profile stacks

Single Stack 1 Square logs [Profiles] 4/4 [304.8mm]

[Ortho] Lafting profile stacks

Stack

[Ortho] Lafting profile stacks

Interval

Stack 2 Square logs [Profiles] 4/4 [304.8mm]

[Curved] Lafting profile stacks

Single [Horiztonal] Stack 1 (1) Square logs [Profiles] 4/4 [304.8mm]

Single [Vertical] Stack 1 (2) Square logs [Profiles] 2/4 [304.8mm]

>Initial Research

Lafting Taxonomy and Language 1

Stack 2 (2) Square logs [Profiles] 2/4 [304.8mm]

Brackets

Stack 3 Square logs 4/4 [Profiles] [304.8mm]

[Curved] Lafting profile stacks

Stack

[Curved] Lafting profile stacks

Interval

Stack 2 (1) Square logs [Profiles] 4/4 [304.8mm]

[Kerfed] Lafting profile stacks

[Ortho] Lafting profile stacks

Stack 4 Square logs 2/4 [Profiles] [304.8mm]

[Curved] Lafting profile stacks

Bracket

Stack 3 (1) Square logs 4/4 [Profiles] [304.8mm]

[Kerfed] Lafting profile stacks

Stack [Staggered]

[Kerfed] Lafting profile stacks

Interval [Culled]

Stack 3 (2) Square logs 3/4 [Profiles] [304.8mm]

Stack 4 (1) Square logs 2/4 [Profiles] [304.8mm]

[Kerfed] Lafting profile stacks

Bracket

Stack 4 (2) Square logs 2/4 [Profiles] [304.8mm]

Single lafting profiles are extruded to demonstrate the new language the emerges from the intense rsearch phase of the scaling and thermal properties of lumber using the factory standard processes.

Lafting profile combos

[Ortho] Lafting profile stacks

[Kerfed] Lafting profile stacks

[Ortho] Lafting profile stacks

Lafting profile combos

[Ortho] Lafting profile stacks

[Curved] Lafting profile stacks

[Kerfed] Lafting profile stacks

Lafting profile combos

[Ortho] Lafting profile stacks

[Curved] Lafting profile stacks

Prototype: New Lafting

Prototype: New Lafting (1)

Prototype: New Lafting (2)

>Initial Research

Lafting Taxonomy and Language 2 34

Single [4x4]

Stack [Staggered]

Interval

Brackets

Stack [Staggered]

Stack

Prototypes are drawn and tested as the lafting profiles attempt change in direction and curvatures in response to the new kerfing abilities and also the scaling properties of the woods thermal resistance.

Log-index re-assembly

A) Insulating wood

B) Moisture-resistant

Lafting profile 1 ->Norway spruce

1 Moisture resistant Oak, White <[optional: Cedar, Teak] <2 Lafting profile Norway spruce <-

Thermal-resistant wood 2 -> Scots pine -> [Optional: Accoya]

(3/4)Square log-profile -> Diameter=304.8mm -> R-value=R-16.9

-> Scots pine

-> Oak, White

-> Norway spruce

Log-index re-assembly

C) Weather-resistant wood

D) Compression-fit wood 1

Lafting profile 1 ->Norway spruce

1 Compression wood Fir, Douglas <[optional: Birch, Yellow] <2 Lafting profile Norway spruce <-

Weather-resistant wood 2 -> Accoya -> [Optional: Teak, Kebony]

(3/4)Square log-profile -> Diameter=304.8mm -> R-value=R-16.9

-> Accoya

-> Fir, Douglas

-> Norway spruce

Log-index re-assembly (optimized)

E) Weather-and-thermal resistant (hybrid)

Log-index re-assembly (optimized)

F) Weather-, thermal-, moisture-and-compression (hybrid) 1

Lafting profile 1 ->Norway spruce

Weather-resistant wood 2 -> Accoya -> [Optional: Teak, Kebony] Thermal-resistant wood 3 -> Scots pine -> [Optional: Accoya] (3/4)Square log-profile -> Diameter=304.8mm -> R-value=R-16.9

1 Compression wood Fir, Douglas <[optional: Birch, Yellow] 2 Lafting profile Norway spruce <-

3 Weather-resistant wood -> Accoya -> [Optional: Teak, Kebony] 4 Thermal-resistant wood -> Scots pine -> [Optional: Accoya] (3/4)Square log-profile -> Diameter=304.8mm -> R-value=R-16.9

-> Scots pine

>Initial Research

Multi-Species Glue-Laminated Laft 1

-> Scots pine

-> Accoya

-> Fir, Douglas

-> Norway spruce

Design development of glule-laminated Norway spruce lto enhance its thermal, compressive, and moisture resistant properties using the scaling laws researched previously to test architectural and physical qualities.

[2x2] Multi-species assembly

Vanilla Norway spruce Square logs [Sawn cuts] 0/4 [304.8mm]

Weather resistant

[2x2] Multi-species assembly

Accoya Square logs [Sawn cuts] 1/4 [304.8mm]

[2x2] Multi-species assembly

Norway spruce Square logs [Sawn cuts] 0/4 [304.8mm]

Weather/thermal resistant

Scots pine Square logs 1/4 [Sawn cuts] [304.8mm]

[2x2] Multi-species assembly

Compression fit

[2x2] Multi-species assembly

Thermal resistant

Moisture fit

[2x2] Multi-species assembly

Combination Square logs 1/4 [Sawn cuts] [304.8mm]

[2x2] Multi-species assembly

Compression/moisture

Weather resistant

Fir, Dou./Oak. Square logs 1/4 [Sawn cuts] [304.8mm]

Accoya/Oak. Square logs [Sawn cuts] 2/4 [304.8mm]

[3x3] Multi-species wood assembly

[Simple] Compression fit + thermal/weather fit

[Advanced] Compression-fit + thermal/weather fit

Combination Square logs 1/4 [Sawn cuts] [304.8mm]

1 1 Compression wood Fir, Douglas <[optional: Birch, Yellow] 2 Lafting profile Norway spruce <-

Lafting profile 1 ->Norway spruce Weather-resistant wood 2 -> Accoya -> [Optional: Teak, Kebony] Thermal-resistant wood 3 -> Scots pine -> [Optional: Accoya] Moisture resistant wood 5 -> Oak, White

-> Oak, White

-> Scots pine

-> Oak, White

-> Scots pine -> Accoya

-> Fir, Douglas

-> Norway spruce

[3x3] Multi-species wood assembly

[Simple] Moisture fit + thermal/weather fit

[Advanced] Moisture fit + thermal/weather fit

1 Compression wood Fir, Douglas <[optional: Birch, Yellow] 2 Lafting profile Norway spruce <-

Lafting profile 1 ->Norway spruce Weather-resistant wood 2 -> Accoya -> [Optional: Teak, Kebony] Thermal-resistant wood 3 -> Scots pine -> [Optional: Accoya] Moisture resistant wood 5 -> Oak, White

Multi-Species Glue-Laminated Laft 2 36

-> Scots pine

>Initial Research

3 Weather-resistant wood -> Accoya -> [Optional: Teak, Kebony] 4 Thermal-resistant wood -> Scots pine -> [Optional: Accoya] (3/4)Square log-profile -> Diameter=304.8mm -> R-value=R-16.9

-> Accoya

[3x3] Multi-species wood assembly

3 Weather-resistant wood -> Accoya -> [Optional: Teak, Kebony] 4 Thermal-resistant wood -> Scots pine -> [Optional: Accoya] 5 Moisture resistant wood -> Oak, White

-> Oak, White -> Scots pine

-> Accoya

-> Fir, Douglas

-> Norway spruce

Bulding on the scaling properties, the single lafting timber is scaled (3x) to match and introduce an urban scale, which will give lafting as a system new building typologies and audiences.

Log-index re-assembly

B) Moisture resistant

Logging a big load in 1880s Michigan

C) Weather resistant

D) Compression fit

Logging Trade History

F) Hybrid composite

[3x3] Multi-species wood assembly

Prototype: Super-Composite Lafting 1 Compression wood Fir, Douglas <-

>Initial Research

Multi-Species Glue-Laminated Laft 3

5 Moisture resistant wood -> Oak, White

2 4 5

3 Weather-resistant wood -> Accoya 4 Thermal-resistant wood -> Scots pine

4 5

2 Lafting profile Norway spruce <-

4 5

Demonstrated above is the iterated output of the glue-laminated lafting block, where the complexity of external factors exists in every axis. This becomes the key building block for further design fragments.

[optional: Teak, Kebony]

Weather-resistant wood

[optional: Cedar, Teak]

Moisture-resistant wood

[optional: Birch, Yellow]

Compression-fit wood

-> Accoya [optional: Accoya]

Thermal-resistant wood

-> Scots pine

-> Oak, White [optional: Norway pine]

Lafting log profile

-> Norway spruce

-> Fir, Douglas Multi-species wood assembly

Super-Composite Lafting

-> Multi-species

Multi-species wood assembly

Prototype: Super-Composite Lafting 2

>Initial Research

Prototype: New Lafting Block 1 38

Detailed explanation of the various timber species involved in the prototypical fragment block used to describe lafting as a new urban system. Fragments build on the fundamentals of this particular block.

Multi-species wood assembly

Prototype: Super-Composite Lafting 1

Multi-species wood assembly

Prototype: Super-Composite Lafting

-> Oak, White -> Scots pine -> Accoya -> Fir, Douglas -> Norway spruce

>Initial Research

Prototype: New Lafting Block 2

This fragment explored exaggerated and over-amped abilities of previous research, as a result it became very quickly emissive as over-charged. As a predecessor, new fragments were toned down and rule-based.

>Site and Brief

Site and Brief

Site: Overview

Scale 1:12500

Greater Oslo Region

Norway - yearly mean tempature

Normal annual temperature

Fossum

Lommedalen

150

163

E16

Skui

Rykkinn 160

150

Østerås

Bærums verk

163

168

Haslum

Oslo

168

Temperature (C°)

E18

Vøyenenga 164

Bygdøy

Fornebu

< -8° -7 ≥ -6° +5 ≥ +6° +7 ≥ +8°

E16

Ekebergsletta

Sandvika E18

Nordstrand (1)

Billingstad

Lambertseter Nesoddtangen

Hvalstad

Flaskebekk Ursvik

Norway - north temperate zones

165

Asker Risenga

Thermal regions by isotherms

Vettre

Fjordvangen

157

155

Alværn Gullhella Vollen

E18

Kolbotn

Ellingstadåsen

167 165

Heggedal

Slemmestad

Sofiemyr

Fjellstrand

155

Bomannsvik

Nordstrand(2)

Blylaget

Svartskog

E18

Myrvoll E6

2 km

Info

100

Legend

>Municipality: Asker Municipality >Area: 9 444 km²

1 Road network 2 Train infrastructure

E10

3 Road number 4 Highway

Climate types Oceanic Tundra Subartic Warm-summer humid continental

Aker BP HQ

Telenor arena

Norway - population density per municipality

Population density per km²

Telenor HQ Fornebulandet Langmannsholmen Nansenpark Old Statoil HQ Lilleøya nature reserve Rolfstangen

Storøykilen nature reserve

Population/km² 100 - 2000 50 - 100 1 - 10 0-1

Koksabukta nature reserve

200m

Info

>Site: Fornebu >Area: 443 km²

>Site and Brief

Site: Fornebu, Norway 1

>Site: Location >Nature reserve

1 Corperate buildings 2 Residential buildings

Fornebu was previously a national airport, but now transformed in to a high-tech site location for large and small corporations aimed to integrate green architecture and infrastructure.

Site: Overview

Principle section for Snarøyveien and Rolfsbuktveien in site context

Fornebu, Norway

Mapping and analyzing of urban cross-sections (1) Sidewalk

Road

3 1 TONSENHAGEN

2,0

4,3

Cycle

Sidewalk

4,3

6,4

Pedestrian Cycle

Car

3,2

6,2

4,4

Car

Cycle Pedestrian

2,2 2,5 1,6

>Snarøyveien by Fornebu S seen to the northeast. >Width: 37,0 meters 1,900

Sidewalk

Walking Cycle Car: driver Car: passenger Public transport

2,8

NEW Equinor HQ, Fornebu >Site Area: 13,390m²

>Site: Location >Car total average per. 1 hour (annually) 13

25 2

1,2

47 7

Sidewalk

Oslo Centre

Akerselva

Fornebu

6,6

1,2

Sidewalk

3,3

Car

Oslo, Akser, Bærum

2,8

Cycle

2,8

Cycle Pedestrian

3,2

Road

1,2

Cycle

6,6

Pedestrian Cycle

Info

Cycle

>Rolfsbuktveien by IT Fornebu seen to the northwest. >Width: 19,1 meters

6 11

3,2

Road

Pedestrian Cycle

100

Info

Cycle

1,2

Sidewalk

3,3

Car

2,8

Cycle Pedestrian

>Rolfsbuktveien by IT Fornebu seen to the northwest. >Width: 19,1 meters

>Average work travel distance (km) >Average commuting distances in different local areas

To Lysaker

arøyveien

To Lysaker

25 % 22,500

Telenor Arena

29 % 16,800

9,900

Telenor Headquarter

Forneburingen

13,500 4,200

n ge

Fornebu, Asker, Norway

Highway system

n ge

ur Forne b

Site: Fornebu, Norway 2 42

4,700

To Snarøya

>Driving time from Fornebu Center -> Lysaker >Time= 8,5 min

>Site and Brief

Fornebu, Asker, Norway

Bicycle network

g in

en 11 %

Rolfsbuktveien

Fornebu Center

Metro network

1,500

Highway 1+1 Lane Highway 2+2 Lane Local road network Car total average per. 1 hour (annually)

Bernt balchens vei

ur Forne b 6,600

rain line

166 Norske Skog AS

ur Forne b

Info

New tram-t

Bernt balchens vei

1,900

100

Forneburingen

T T

Koksa

Seperate bicycle lane Pedestrian/cyclist Mixed use Site: Location

Snarøyveien

To Snarøya

>Driving time from Fornebu Center -> Oslo National Theatre >Time= 27,5 min

Tram-train: open Snarøyveien Tram-train: tunnel Bus Average capacity To Snarøya occupancy on tram-train

>Line from Fornebu Center -> Norske Skog AS >Time= 1 min

All structures over the Fornebu-line must function statically with the train-tram line's structures. There are large loads from the buildings to be laid down on the subway structure

Timeline of Company

Statoil Fuel & Retail

Statoil AS

1972

Statoil

1986

Telenor AS, Fornebu >HQ Area: 137,000m²

Statoil

DNB Bank ASA, Oslo >HQ Area: 80,000m²

GPFN (norw.)

GPFG (global)

NORWAY Managed by the National Insurance Fund

FOREIGN Managed by Norway Bank

StatoilHydro

2007

StatoilHydro

Statoil

2009

Norske Shell AS, Stavanger >HQ Area: 15,000m² Shell

Equinor ASA

Statoil

Esso Norge AS, Stavanger >HQ Area: 16,000m² Esso

2018

Norewegian State

Main Shareholder

Equinor

State-owned

Equinor ASA, Fornebu >HQ Area: 65,000m²

Aker Bp AS, Fornebu >HQ Area: 32,000m²

Equinor Aker Bp

Adiministrative design on oil sector

Norwegian Model and the oil fund (GPF) GPFN Budget mechanism

GPFG Operational manager Norway Bank

Petroleum revenues

Quartlerly and annual reports

£2,253M 5th Norske Shell AS by turnover (2020) Government maintains 70% shares of Equinor

£2,982M 2nd Esso Norge AS in turnover (2020) Oil companies are taxed up to 78%

£6,764M 1st by turnover as of March, 2020

£318M 18th Norske Shell AS by turnover (2020)

Norway spends only 4% of its Pension Fund

Norway invests 60% in stock markets

Shell

£4,768M 1 Company’s tax rebates in 2016 >Norway (= 5,385M) >Origin= Oil

Denmark

Italy

United Kingdom

£457M Denmark’s tax rebates in 2016

£182 M Italy’s tax rebates in 2016

-£179 All oil-and-gas rebates from UK in 2015-16

>UAE (= 9,631M) >Origin= Oil

>Kuwait (= 4,137M) >Origin= Oil

>China (= 1,393B) >Origin= Non-Commodity

Transfer to non-oil budget deficit

Management mandate GPFG

$ $ $ $

$ $ $

$ $

Government State budget

Dep of Finance Global budget

$1,112 TRILLION Government Pension Fund (GPF)

$1,046 TRILLION China Investment Corporation

$580 BILLION Abu Dhabi Investment Authority

$534 BILLION Kuwait Investment Authority

Produced and sold oil and gas 1/3

Available

2/3

Oil and gas covers 56% of global energy demand

Oil and Gas

56%

>Site and Brief

New Equinor HQ and the Norway Model

55% of the oil is used in transport sector

Transport

55%

Norway covers 20% of EUs gas demand

Norway

20%

42% of gas is used in commerical buildings

Norway produces 2% of the global oil demand

Buildings

Demand

42%

Norway has administered its petroleum resources using the government: a state-funded national oil company engaged in commercial hydrocarbon operations

Stock

Norwegian Model

Equinor ASA

21%

70% Stateowned stocks

Shareholder

Norwegian state

Investment total

20%

Oil revenue makes up 20% of total state investments

Open plan

64%

Open plan office spaces will increase to 78%

Target Model

Equinor ASA Norway Shareholder

State oil income

Offices spaces of today cover 64% open plan

Programme Model

Source Model

9,202 companies >Stocks are invested in NASDAQ and NYSE >Apple, Microsoft and Samsung etc.

Equinor HQ Public shareholder

30% Private investors

Equinor Ventures >Invests in early growth companies >Start-ups drive change

Norwegian Welfare State Model Finances the welfare state for future generations

In 2020, 32/38% operators opened new location(s)

30% Equinor private

Co-working >Rented office spaces >Public spaces >Eg.: Small tech business start-ups

Headquarters >Office spaces >Private spaces >Eg.: offer 5% equity to successors

Proposal: NEW Equinor HQ Building Model Minature model of the Norwegian welfare state

Comparison of legacy models

Office models timeline Past

Present

Future

40% efficiency Year=2000s Working=38hrs

50% efficiency Year= 2010s Working= 37½hrs

80% efficiency Year= 2030s Working=36 hrs

Past model

Present model 5%* Flexible use

80% Occupancy 20% Vacant space

80% Traditional ccupancy 15% Vacant space

WeWork

NEW

80% efficiency Year=2020s Working=37½hrs

NEW model

30%* Flexible use

60% Traditional ccupancy 20% Vacant space

NEW efficiency

75% efficiency Year=2020s Working=37½hrs

Future model

In 5 years

78%

70% Public access

60%* Flexible use

75%* (current) >UK 67.4% >US 73.4% 25% Vacant space

30% Occupancy (HQ) 10% Vacant space

Commercial (1)

Commercial (2)

Commercial (3)

Commercial (4)

Pre-liminary

Co-working (1)

Co-working (2)

Co-working (3)

Co-working (4)

All-inclusive

Renting property

Receptionist

Utilities/amenities

Furniture

Commerical

New locations

70%

Around 71% drive to their cowork space

Meeting-point

Noise-performative

Level programs

Fibre-optic internet

Co-working

Arrive via car

71%

>Site and Brief

Headquarters and Co-Working Offices 44

The programme for the new HQ plays on the same structure of the Norwegian model: around 30% remains private property and around 70% will be co-working spaces open to the public funded by HQ.

Office working model

Equinor identification cards (2)

Traditional isolated office model

Entering a Co-working model

Isolated corperate worker No connection to investments and live-stocks

>Investment and development progressing individually and isolated!

Oppertunities

82%

82% chance of discoveries and opportunities

1. 2.

Not engaged

Corporate workers

87%

36%

Worldwide employees are disengaged

Corperate workers make up 36% of co-workers

Legend (1) Isolated and indivudal work-flow with no connection to others

Legend

Co-working integration (1)

Co-working spaces are highly productive Co-workers engage with other clusters Partnerships and investments

1 Isolated corperate worker 2 Window-sealant

>Equinor Venture can openly sponsor and invest succesors of the co-working members!

Co-working social benefits

Co-working social attributes

Happier employers

89%

89% Conveyed higher degrees of happiness at workplace

Motivating and engaging

Improved skill-set

84%

68%

Reported increased engagement and motivation

64% showed improvements in their exisiting skill-set

Legend (2) Clusters with similar traits can establish partnerships

Legend

Co-working integration (2)

Co-working spaces as meet-up spots

1 Cross-cluster discovery 2 Co-operative driven work

Co-working economic benefits

Co-working career and professionalism

Channel people of like-minded interest and goals

>The co-working spaces will tailor for more professional accommodations!

Correct location and locale

Decreased isolation

83%

Around 83% noted a decreased sense of isolation

Business network

Professionalism

82%

67%

82% cited an increase in their business network

Stated improvements in their professional success

Legend (3) Eliminating libraries and coffee shops as meeting points for tech-nomads

Legend

>Site and Brief

Co-operative Economy Model 2

1 New meeting point 2 Causals and professionals

Co-working will invite people to a correct facility whether causal or professional rather than the informal start-up meetings at coffee shops. Surrounding the site are tons of investors and large shareholders.

Diagrammatic illustration of headquarter

Equinor HQ as a co-operative economy

Government Pension Fund >The sovereign fund allows for the public to finance construction of the HQ!

Equinor Venture >Equinor’s corporate venture arm dedicated to investing in ambitious early phase and growth companies!

Oslo Stock Exchange >In two years, the market value of the IT shares on the Oslo Stock Exchange has increased from NOK 46 to 267 billion!

Viken Municipality >Fornebu must be green, diverse and urban, and must integrate the future generations!

Ruter AS >The Fornebu line will connect Oslo, but more importantly eliminate unnecessary car passengers!

>Site and Brief

Co-operative Economy Model 1 46

Equinor HQ is an attractor for young tech-start-ups seeking entrepreneurism, co-working and support, centered in an area of new and old cultures with modern architecture and infrastructre surrounded.

Section 4 >Entrepreneuralism and Delivery

Page:55

4.04 Planning and Building Act

Following the regulations of the Building Act, the guidelines shall facilitate the coordination of central government, regional and municipal functions to provide better insight to common goals between all.

Dual planning process (1)

Planning process for Equinor HQ Equinor HQ* Equinor ASA Client Private company

Documentation Regional analysis Preperation of documentation

Declined Collaboration Approved Work-stations

Fornebu Regional consideraSustainable criteria in region and municipal

Municipal consideraViken municipality Central consideration Oslo and Akershus

Fornebu Regional consideraSustainable criteria in region and municipal

Declined Collaboration Approved Work-stations

Tram-train* Building application Documentation and construction

Planning submission Regional basis values

Dual planning process (2)

Planning process for Forneburingen tram-train Tram-train* Ruter AS Client Regional tram-train

VR site inspections

Virtual surveilance

Documentation Regional analysis Preperation of documentation

BIM model (1)

Uploading BIM

Planning submission Regional basis values Government planning expectations Documents of regional interests

Modelling tool cycle

VR building analysis

BIM modelling during pandemic

Virtual performance

>Modelling and object libraries

3D inspections Instead of meeting in a room, details and problems can be discussed virtually.

Storage, maintenance and utilization of information

>Constructability and analysis >Design co-ordination

BIM model (2)

Downloading BIM

3D analysis Tools and technology of today allow accurate real-time simulations of performance

BIM

Model

>Design construction process

>Planning and >Continous scheduling system integration >Co-ordina- >Efficient, tion of informationsuppliers rich tenders

Model sequences

Planning at the regional and local level

Building and planning

National expectations of planning in municipalities (1) Representatives Councils and governExpert advisors agencies Agreement between county and govern-

County authorities and municipalities

Municipal planning and strategies (3)

>Site and Brief

Planning and Building

Regional development, construction and conservation

Regional planning and intermunicipal cooperation (2)

National expectations KMD Department Central government planning guidelines Central government planning provisions

Central government land use plan

Regional planning Oslo and Akershus Regional plan Intermuncipal planning cooperation

Dual planning process (1)

Zoning and area planning (4)

Building application (5)

Municipal planning Viken municipality

Zoning plan Viken municipality

Municipal master plan

Area zoning plan

Municipal sub-plan

Detailed zoning plan

Building application* Start Documentation and construction

Project funding

Project resources

Main investors Company % NOK payout

Legend

Equinor* 33%

Company Product

Moelven ASA Lafting block

HeidelbergCement C25/ST 2 Concrete

Fund (NOK)

Norway’s Bank* 67% Government Pension Fund (GPF)

Equinor Budget

Specialist

Glulam specialist

Concrete specialist

Investor status

National

Private

Availability

Local

>Slate, Tile-work: Rieber & Søn ASA >Window and fibreglass frame: Gilje Tre AS and XL Vindu AS

Stateowned

67%

The sovereign state owns 67% of Equinor

Legend

Main suppliers

Equity and investments

Glulam

In which, of those 67%, 63% is put in investments

Glass

60%

63%

Norwegian start-ups

In-house tech-start-ups

In volume (m3) 60% of structure consists of glulam

Only 1% is glass (m3) out of structural volume

>Public accessibility: Norwegian State and Viken Municipality >Private spaces: Equinor and Equinor Venture

>Site and Brief

Building Privacy and Funding 48

>Glue-laminated blocks: Moevlen ASA >Rafters and purlin roof system: Vastern Timber UK

By maximising its delivery potential the project minimizes total area traveled by using local specialists and suppliers in order for a seamless construction and planning process to ensure quality and efficiency.

>Design Development

Design Development

Programme and interface

Prototype: Super-Composite Lafting [Horizontal] (1)

Programme and interface

Prototype: Super-Composite Lafting [Vertical] (2)

>Design Development

Fragments: Programme and Interface 1 50

Early studies exploring the potential of a certain typology evoked in a series of spatial tests that reveal specific qualities of what the lafting system can yield to a specific task.

Programme and interface

Prototype: Human Interface (1)

Prototype: Human Interface (2)

>Design Development

Fragments: Programme and Interface 1

Prototype: Human Interface [Internal] (1)

Prototype: Human Interface [Internal] (2)

Fragments exploring the recently updated tectonics based on the research of kerfing and lafting, created to identify the new lafting language that will translate in to the urban scale.

Programme and interface

Prototype: Lafting orthogonal (1.1)

Prototype: Lafting distinct hierarchy (2.1)

Prototype: Curved members test (3.1)

>Design Development

Fragments: Lafting Interface 1 52

Prototype: Lafting orthogonal (1.2)

Prototype: Lafting distinct hierarchy (2.2)

Prototype: Curved members test (3.2)

Fragment design of lafting ecologies (1/3): showcasing the human interface at a local scale with early qualities of arraying itself, and also suggesting a hierarchy in the system sizes.

Size and scale

Typology and typography

Prototype: Large lafting ecology (1.1)

Prototype: Large lafting ecology (2.1)

Prototype: Large lafting ecology (3.1)

>Design Development

Fragments: Lafting Interface 2

Prototype: Large lafting ecology (1.2)

Prototype: Large lafting ecology (2.2)

Prototype: Large lafting ecology (3.2)

Prototype: Large lafting ecology (3.1)

Prototype: Large lafting ecology (3.2)

Prototype: Lafting system test (3.3)

Fragment design of lafting ecologies (2/3): showcasing the scaling properties of the smaller fragments, and its quality to be able to array itself to generate larger complex multi-level geometries.

Typology and typography

Prototype: Lafting system test (1.1)

Prototype: Lafting system test (2)

Prototype: Entrance nexus (1)

>Design Development

Fragments: Lafting Interface 3 54

Prototype: Lafting system test (1.2)

Prototype: Lafting system test (2)

Prototype: Entrance nexus (1)

Prototype: Lafting system test (1.3)

Prototype: Lafting system test (2)

Prototype: Entrance nexus (1)

Fragment design of lafting ecologies (3/3): showcasing the level change of the plate and its relationship to the lafting block. Several tests of rotatations, sizing, and moving the lafting blocks were made.

Generating defined curvature

Prototype: Sod walls thermal relationship

Pool 1

Pool 2

>Sod walls configuration: linear >Angled cut: 10°

>Sod walls configuration: gaussian >Angled cut: 10°

>Block-size: 7 >Angled cut: 20°

>Block-size: 7 >Angled cut: 30°

Analysis of depth of wall-to-floor (2)

Analysis of depth of wall-to-floor (3)

Topography as acoustical and thermal buffer zones

Radiation analysis of cross-section (1)

Block 1

Pool 3

>Sod walls configuration: sine >Angled cut: 10°

>Plate: gaussian >Angled cut: 20°

>Anticlastic >Natural drainage

S 874.15

>Plate: gaussian >Angled cut: 20°

>Design Development

Radiation and Exposure 1

Block 2

>Plate: sine >Angled cut: 20°

0.00

>kWh per. m² >Total radiation: 8335m²

>Synclastic >Polycentric drainage

S 874.15

>Plate: sine >Angled cut: 20°

Block 3

>Plate: conic >Angled cut: 20°

0.00

>kWh per. m² >Total radiation: 8237m²

>Anticlastic >Monocentric drainage

S 874.15

>Plate: conic >Angled cut: 20°

0.00

>kWh per. m² >Total radiation: 8118m²

Generative iterations of simple expressions were the lafting glue-laminated block reacts to the plate, in which previously had no form of expression or reaction.

Designing space filling systems

Prototype: Structural spacing strategy (2)

Test 1.03

>Spacing: 12 meters >Total radiation: 12,629m²

>Programme: >Generic

Test 1.02

>Spacing: 10 meters >Total radiation: 18,559m²

>Programme: >Generic

Test 1.01

>Spacing: 8 meters >Total radiation: 20,900m²

>Programme: >Generic

Test 2.03

>Spacing: 12 meters (4m interval) >Programme: >Total radiation: 15,601m² >Metro-line

Test 2.02

>Spacing: 10 meters (6m interval) >Programme: >Total radiation: 16,078m² >Metro-line

Test 2.01

>Spacing: 8 meters (6m interval) >Total radiation: 18,077m²

>Programme: >Metro-line

SW 874.15

kWh/m²

S 437.07

0.00

>Members/total radiation= % >Radiation ratio: 3,845%

>Design Development

Radiation and Exposure 2 56

SW 874.15

kWh/m²

S 437.07

0.00

>Members/total radiation= % >Radiation ratio: 3,731%

SW 874.15

kWh/m²

S 437.07

0.00

>Members/total radiation= % >Radiation ratio: 3,319%

Due to deep cross-sections lighting permittance and penetraion becomes a critical attention detail. Early studies of the spacing of the tram line also challenges the co-working spaces in terms of daylight.

15°

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 0° / 20°

Roof 1.03

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 0° / 20°

>Design Development

Roof Morphology 1

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 10°

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 15°

>Overhang: 0 meters Roof 2.03

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 20°

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 10°

15°

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 15°

10°

>Overhang: 3 meters

15°

10°

>Overhang: 0 meters Roof 3.03

10°

>Overhang: 3 meters >Min. overhang: 1.5m - 3.0m

10°

>Overhang: 0 meters Roof 3.02

15°

10°

15°

10°

>Overhang: 0 meters Roof 3.01 >Min. Eaves to ridge: 15 m

15°

10°

>Overhang: 0 meters Roof 2.02

15°

10°

>Overhang: 0 meters Roof 2.01 >Min. roof pitch: 10-15°

15°

Roof 1.02

Prototype: Roof component (3)

Prototype: Roof component (2)

Prototype: Roof component (1)

Roof 1.01

Envelope study

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 20°

10°

>Overhang: 3 meters

Polar climate and wood requires protection, particularly in Norway with its weather extremities. Hence, many strategies are embedded in early stages of the roof design which is a large part of the scheme.

Envelope study

Prototype: Roof composistion (1)

Roof 4.01

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 20°, 20°, 20°

Roof 4.02

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 20°, 20°, 20°

Roof 4.03

>Material: slate >Angled pitch: 15°, 15°

>Design Development

Roof Morphology 2 58

The roof is a key component that dominates the scheme and is hereditary to log houses, especially a purlin roof system that easily translates the log stacking lumber to rafters.

Undulated surfaces

Prototype: Lafting and fields (1)

Field 1

>Landscape: informal

Field 1(1)

>Landscape: informal

Field 2

>Landscape: partly formal

Field 2(1)

>Landscape: partly formal

Field 3

>Landscape: formal

Field 3(1)

>Landscape: formal

>Design Development

Surface Articulation

Extensive detailed chunks were created to investigate the potential for an undulated surface that would allow and welcome full cross-ventilation to the headquarters and the timber structure.

Site: Fornebu, Forneburingen

Prototype: Global form iteration (1)

1,900 13,500

Forneburingen

100

Global

>Spacing: 9-12 meters >Total usable surface area: 540m² / 900m² per unit

>Pedestrian walkways >Nearby road car total average per. 1 hour (annually)

1,900 13,500

Forneburingen

100

Global

>Spacing: 12-15 meters >Total usable surface area: 288m² / 456m² per unit

>Pedestrian walkways >Nearby road car total average per. 1 hour (annually)

1,900 13,500

Forneburingen

100

Global

>Spacing: 9-12 meters >Total usable surface area: 540m² / 900m² per unit

>Design Development

Massing Iterations 60

>Pedestrian walkways >Nearby road car total average per. 1 hour (annually)

Global form iterations building on the principle sections and the successors of the fragments exploring the human interface with large glue-laminated lafting blocks.

Layer 1

Layer 2

1. Site conditions

Height elevation

-4.50m

+0.00m

Index (2) >Platforms: 130m x 103m (x2) >Users: workers, cars, pedestrians, cycles, buses, tram-trains

Layer 4

Layer 6

5. Lafting connection between

6. Smaller co-working spaces (1)

Height elevation

+4.50m

+7.50m

Index (4) >Spacing: 27m x 12m >Users: workers, pedestrians

Index (5) >Spacing: 15m x 21m >Users: workers, pedestrians

Layer 7

Index (6) >Spacing: 15m x 21m (9m interval) >Users: workers, co-workers, Equinor, lecturers (1)

Layer 8

7. Smaller co-working spaces (2)

Morphology: Design Genesis

Index (3) >Planes: 33m x 9m (x2) >Users: workers, pedestrians, tram-trains

Layer 5

4. Starting lafting system

>Design Development

3. Initial arrival planes

Height elevation

Index (1) >Site: 130m x 103m >Users: cars, pedestrians, cycles, buses

Index (7) >Spacing: 15m x 21m (9m interval) >Users: workers, co-workers, Equinor, lecturers (2)

Layer 3

2. Tram-train infrastructure

Layer 9

8. Purlin system - Large open co-working space

9. Principal massing strategy

Height elevation

+9.00m

+16.0m

Index (8) >Spacing: 2.575m x 2.575m >Users: co-workers, Equinor

Index (9) >Spacing: 33m x 9m >Users: public

Morphological evolution showing the different layers of systems and programme in the schematic. The genesis of the building is driven by thermal, environmental

Principle section for Fornebu S and building schematic

Urban cross-section schematic (1)

Street

3 1 TONSENHAGEN

3,0 3,0

6,0

Cycle

Building

Transport

Building

3,0

6,0

3,0 3,0

Car

Cycle

9,0

30,0

18,0

30,0

Metro-line

Pedestrian

>1.01 Longintudinal section >Width: 114 meters

Street

3 1 TONSENHAGEN

3,0 3,0

6,0

Cycle

Car

Building

Transport

Building

3,0

6,0

3,0 3,0

Car

Cycle

9,0

24,0

Pedestrian

22,0

30,0

Metro-line

>1.02 Longintudinal section >Width: 114 meters

Street

3 1 TONSENHAGEN

3,0 3,0

Cycle

6,0

Building

Transport

Building

3,0

Car

6,0

Car

3,0 3,0

Cycle

9,0

Pedestrian

24,0

30,0

Metro-line

>1.03 Longintudinal section >Width: 114 meters

>Design Development

Principle Sections 62

Investigative and demonstrative strategies revolve around early massings and global forms to rule-base the spacing of programme according to the infrastructure context and the guidelines from the municipal.

Cross-typology strategies

Programme strategy for co-working spaces

Visibility Network Server

Visibility Co-working hubs (1)

Visibility Co-working social

Visibility Co-working hubs (2)

Design

Prototype: Co-working and tram-train programme (1)

Programme layer (1)

Network Server

Users

Laft blocks Circulation Co-working hubs* Collaboration Co-working social* Double-height space 1.

Co-workers

Hub (2) Centre Tram-train South-bound Retail unit (1) Entrance exposure

1 Co-working social 2 Co-working space

Co-workers

Info

Equinor staff

Retailers Communal

3 Foyer / tram-train 4 Retail shop

Visibility Network Server

Visibility Co-working hubs (1)

Visibility Co-working spaces

Design

Prototype: Co-working and tram-train programme(2)

Visibility Co-working hubs (2)

Programme layer (1)

Network Server

Manufacturer

Laft blocks Circulation Co-working hubs* Collaboration Co-working space* Work-stations 1.

Equinor staff Co-workers Co-workers

3. Hub (1) Centre Tram-train North-bound Entrance Foyer Info

1 Circulation route 2 Co-working hub

>Design Development

Programme: Co-Working

Co-workers Communal

3 Atrium 4 Co-working space

Programme breakdown of sectional strategy for optimized performance for co-working spaces to ensure good working coniditions both collaboratively and

Material fragment explaining the logic

Fragment of Equinior Headquarters

Material textures

Name

Grey slate Silver gray slate Note

Scots pine Oak, white

Fibreglass frame C25/ST 2 Concrete

Bodø (norw.)

Massive glulam manufacturer

Moelven AS dimensions

Rieber & Søn ASA Local Rieber & Søn ASA Local

Douglas fir 38mm

Fungi resistant Decking Traditional laft Corewood Thermal efficient* Insulator Moisture resistant Damp proofing

West North-America Europe (norw.) Europe East United States

Vastern Timber United Kingdom Moelven ASA* Local Moelven ASA* Local Moelven ASA* Local

Durability Low maintenace Thermal efficent* Insulator Thermal efficent* Insulator Strong grade Foundations

Norway spruce 19mm, 22mm, 29mm

Scots pine 19mm, 22mm, 29mm

Dirdal (norw.) Fornebu (norw.) Oslo (norw.)

Gilje Tre AS Local XL Vindu* Fornebu HeidelbergCement Local

White oak 30mm

*triple glazing have outstanding insulation performance, and are reduce noise transmission.

>Design Development

Material Logic and Import 64

Finnmark (norw.)

Manufacturer

*wood holds 15 times better insulation values better than masonry, and 400 times than steel.

Triple glazing

Note

Durability Low maintenace Fire resistant Slate tile work Energy efficent Slate roof

Location

*slate is thermally performative and energy efficient, reducing bills and environmental impact.

Douglas, fir Domestic* Norway spruce

Note

Performance/use

Equnior is a state-governed oil company that in the recent years is progressively pushing the sustainable development of Norway. The materials below are concerned with both culture and resilience long term.

Structural model

Structural strategy overview

Prototype: Structural spacing tests (2)

SW 874.15

Legend 1 Primary structure

kWh/m²

2 Secondary structure >Overhang system

S 437.07

0.00

>Programme: >Metro-line

>Spacing: 8 meters (6m interval) >Total radiation: 18,077m²

SW 874.15

Legend 1 Primary structure

2 Secondary structure >Overhang system

3 Tertirary structure >Insulating wood

kWh/m²

S 437.07

0.00

>Spacing: 10 meters (6m interval) >Programme: >Metro-line >Total radiation: 16,078m²

SW 874.15

Legend 1 Foundation >Concrete plate

>Design Development

Structural Strategy 1

kWh/m²

S 437.07

0.00

>Spacing: 12 meters (4m interval) >Programme: >Metro-line >Total radiation: 15,601m²

Lafting as a structural system incorporates structure, circulation, and insulation in one. Where there are moments of shear connections there is potential for an erected vascular system for hydronics etc.

Mirrored load transfer strategy

Structural strategy - seen from east (1) Info (1) Key junction= Purlin roof system Natural loads= Wind Snowload Rainwater

Info (2) Key junction= Tram-train Live loads= Building users Hardware/tech-ware

Info (3) Key junction= Floor plates Dead loads= Transferred horizontally to ground plane 1.

5. 4.

Mirrored load transfer strategy

Legend

Structural strategy - seen from west (2)

1 Ridge board - 200x100mm 2 Rafters - 1500x375mm

3 Custom staddle stone - 3x3m 4 Hardware/tech-ware - 2x1.5m

5 Purlins - 750x300mm 6 Hangers - 750x300mm

Info (4) 12x24m structural spacing 3x3m glulams 3x3m staddle stones 1m tram-train plate 1m purlin roof

3. 2.

4. 1.

5. 6.

Legend

>Design Development

Structural Strategy 2 66

1 Entrance 2 Co-working hub

3 Meeting rooms 4 Entry/WC

5 Foyer 6 Tram-train

The structural strategy is a two-fold where it utilizes a simple stacking method for simple yet efficent overlap point-load transfer to the Z-plane, and above sits a purlin roof system that transistions the load transfer.

1 Jan 13:00 - 31 Dec 24:00

Fornebu/Oslo, Norway

1 Jan 13:00 - 31 Dec 24:00

Temperature below +0C°

Temperature above +18C°

12 AM

6 PM

12 PM

6 AM

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

6 AM

+28.2C

Celsius

U-value analysis of square logs (304.8mm)

-17.0C

+28.2C

Note

Temperature >+0C°

Thermal conductivity of walls

4.4

7.0

9.6

Celsius

>Coldest average= January (0°C)

12.2

14.8

+18C° 0.5

Stats

>R-value= 2.3241 >U-factor= 0.4303

Roof ridge (1)

+0C°

3.1

5.7

8.3

10.9

13.5

16.1

18.7

Note

Minimum temperature= 0.329286 Maximum temperature= 18.8881 +0C°

Snow (50cm)

Roof ridge (2)

Angle: 10° +18C°

*grain direction can empirically improve the R-value *software does not recognize subdivision of solid wood +0C°

Snow (20cm)

Angle: 10° +18C°

+18C°

Average temperatures

Summary of 2020 temperatures

Expected temperatures in 2021

-17C° +28,2C°

(27. feb) -9,3° (19. jun) +31,4°

(14. feb) -17,0° (18. mar) +18,5°

Roof section (1)

50cm) Snow (

Roof section (2)

Angle: 10°

20cm) Snow (

Angle: 10°

Internal

+18C°

Legend (1) 200mm wood fibre insulation 100mm wood fibre insulation 100x50mm batten 100x25mm batten 100x50mm board Note

>Warmest average= July (22°C)

Internal temperature

+0C°

>Softwoods >Hardwood (infill)

-17.0C

Temperature <+18C°

17.4

External temperature

Values

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

6 AM

Legend (2) 1,5x0,1m slate tile 0,75x0,30m rafter 0,35x0,35m glulam

*slate's low water absorption makes it very resistant to frost damage and breakage due to freezing

>Design Development

Thermal Analysis and Development

Snow (2020) >Average depth= 45cm >Cold bridges

Note

Snow (2020) >Maximum snow depth= 50cm

*snow depth of 30cm has an insulating value as a 2x4 wall filled with fibreglass insulation

Snow (2021) >Average depth=14cm >Cold bridges

Note

Snow (2021) Maximum snow depth= 20cm

*fluffy snow is a good insulator: heat moves through it slowler than dense snow

The weather in the southern part of Norway has severely reduced the amount of snowfall each year, however the fluffy lightweight snow holds more air cavities therefore more insulating than heavy snow.

January

0.00

m/s

15.90

0.00

March NE

April

15.90

0.00

15.90

May

0.00

SE 15.90

SW 0.00

SE 15.90

>Calm wind for 6.54%

>Calm wind for 6.36%

>Calm wind for 5.20%

>Calm wind for 5.44%

>Calm wind for 4.79%

August

September

October

November

December

0.00

15.90

>Calm wind for 5.19%

0.00

1 Building model organization

15.90

0.00

>Calm wind for 5.86%

15.90

>Calm wind for 6.28%

0.00

+0.00m -2.25m -3.00m

Cold high winds south-bound >Roof angled at 10° passive protection >Volume= 62,500 m³

>Coldest month= January wind (0°C)

1 Inlet - air from adjacent co-working cluster 2 Outlet - generic ventilation for co-working cluster

>Design Development

Wind and Ventilation Development

SW 0.00

SE 15.90

>Calm wind for 4.97%

+0C° 1.

Info (3) >Indoor temperature= +18,0°

Legend

External temperature

Info (3) >Indoor temperature= +18,0°

3 Address prevailing cross-winds >Warmest month= >Wind range= 17.95-5.90m/s July winds (22°C)

+0C° 2.

Passive cross-ventilation pressure >NW/SE wing stepped down for moisture control >Volume= 55,500 m³

External temperature

SE 15.90

>Calm wind for 9.22%

Plate levels

2 Address south-bound winds >Wind range= 17.95-5.90m/s

0.00

>Calm wind for 7.84%

15.90

+0.00m -2.25m

>Average temp= November - March

Plate levels

Initial global form >Initial massing for programme >Volume= 70,000 m³

15.90

>Calm wind for 6.91%

Legend

June

July NW

m/s

February NE

1 Inlet - pressured air from adjacent co-working cluster 2 Oulet - ressured wind begin to develop cross-winds

Info (4) >Indoor temperature= +18,0°

Legend

1 Inlet - circulation junction cross winds in tunnel 2 Outlet - cluster receive winds from circulation space

The traditional “stabbur” buildings sit on stilts or staddles to carry out help for ventilation and protecting the contents against rising damp. Principle diagrams will address the prevailing wind conditions on site.

Noise incentives criterias

Analysis of Fornebu

Fornebu noise assessment

Noise sources in context

Yellow Noise Zone ... < 50 dB 50 <= ... < 55 dB 55 <= ... < 65 dB 65 <= ... dB

Fornebu East

Yellow Noise Zone Outdoors noise level >Lden 55 dB Outdoors noise level (23:00 - 07:00) >L5AF 70 dB

Snarøyveien

Noise source

Noise source Rolfsbuktveien

Legend 1 Commerical / public building 2 Kindergarten / school 3 Site: Location

Condition

Note

External noise

1 Lecture hall

Red Noise Zone Outdoors noise level >Lden 65 dB Outdoors noise level (23:00- 07:00) >L5AF 85 dB

2 Co-working hubs

3 Co-working social

4 Tram-train

50 <= ... < 65 dB

35 <= ... dB

40 <= ... < 45 dB

45 <= ... < 50 dB

70 <= ... < 75 dB

m/s

1.5 - 12 ms

4 - 6 air changes (1/h)

3 air changes (1/h)

4 air changes (1/h)

15 air changes (1/h)

C°

+28C° / -12C° *

+18C°

+0C° - +27C°

67%

50 - 60%

40%

40 - 60%

*Noise zones are used to show where special focus must be kept for building and landscape design and where noise reduction measures can be expected.

Note

*Red Noise Zone indicates an area that is not suitable for noise sensitive uses and establishment of new noise-sensitive buildings must be avoided.

Circulation laft

1. 2.

Noise (1)

1.00

1 Noise travels from other co-working hubs 2 Admin work-stations in each cluster

0.00

>Simulation frames= 0.02, 0.11, 0.13, 0.20, 0.30

>Number of bounces: 5

Circulation laft 2.

Noise (2) 1. 1.00

1 Open-air entrances to co-workign socials 2 Triple-Glazed fully sealed circulation to noise sensitive

Noise (3)

1.00

>Design Development

Environmental Strategy

>Number of bounces: 5

Circulation laft

1 Open-air entrances and circulation for informal use 2 Admin work-stations integrated

0.00

>Simulation frames= 0.02, 0.11, 0.13, 0.20, 0.30

0.00

>Simulation frames= 0.02, 0.11, 0.13, 0.20, 0.30

>Number of bounces: 5

Careful considerations for the noise assessment at Forenbu is being analyzed but also understood comprehensively to give the right motivations for a topography to create a sound buffer both inside and outside.

>Detailed Design

Detailed Design

3D chunk of Equinor HQ

Technical overview of building programme and structural composistion

5. 3. 1.

10.

Legend

1 Eaves board - 375x50mm 2 Rafters - 1500x375mm

3 Purlins - 750x300mm 4 Hangers - 750x300mm

5 Grey slate, silver grey - 30mm 6 Fibreglass BWSL45 - 350mm

7 Gravel fill - 400mm 8 Staddle stone - 3x3m

9 C25/ST 2 Concrete - 500mm 10 Hard foam insulation - 90mm

9. 1.

6. 5.

10.

Legend

1 Co-work entrance (A1-A15) 2 Co-work entrance (A6-A30)

3 Foyer (1) 4 Tram-train entrance (Line 1)

>Design Development

Building Systems and Overview

5 South entrance 6 Co-work clusters (A16-A18)

7 Co-work (Hub 1) 8 Meeting spaces

9 Co-work clusters (A10-A12) 10 Tram-train

The building holds multiple systems in hierarchy, and is strictly laid out in a gridded array of interwoven over-laps which generate the motivations for the shear connections and the open-air foundation at ground.

Global factors

Material index

Block external forces

Granual hierarchy

Material composisition

Grain efficiency 4

Factors

Compression forces Weather resistance

Type

Moisture resistance Thermal transmittance

1 Softwood

Granual

2 Hardwood

1 Radial grain 2 Parallell grain

3 Perpendicular grain 4 Longtudinal grain

E1 D1

E1 E2

Splicing glulam blocks procedure

Glulam block splicing and extensions 4. 1. 5. 2.

10.

9. 8.

Legend

1 Douglas, Fir board - 50mm 2 Scots Pine board - 50mm

3 Screw angled 15° - 10mm Ø 4 Screw angled 15° - 10mm Ø

>Design Development

Glue-laminated Lafting Blocks 72

5 1A Block Insertion 6 1B Block Landing

7 Norway Spruce board - 50mm 8 Oak, White board - 50mm

9 Adhesive Glue-lines - 0.5mm 10 Glulam Block - 1,5m x 1,5m x 1,5m

Breakdown of the material and structural composistion of the singular lafting blocks, showcasing the different material and granular qualities that pre-dominantly counters thermal and compressive forces.

Connection 1A

Connection 1B

Over-lap connection (1) Index 1.0 48 39mm drilled holes Block 1A size= 1,5m x 1,5m

Over-lap connection (1)

Index 1.1 48 39mm drilled holes Block 1B size= 1,5m x 1,5m

1,50m Assembled

3,00m

1A->1B 3,00m

6,75m

1,50m

Connection 2A

Connection 2B

Over-lap connection (2) Index 2.0 69 39mm drilled holes Block 2A size= 3,0m x 1,5m

Over-lap connection (2)

1,50m Assembled

Index 2.1 69 39mm drilled holes Block 2B size= 3,0m x 1,5m

3,00m

2A->2B 3,00m

6,75m

3,00m

Horizontal Round Hole Locations (1)

Horizontal Round Hole Locations (2)

Nails Timber screw 6-Lobe Drive 20mm (d)

Horizontal Round Hole at 15° (1)

>Design Development

Block Over-Lap Connection

Horizontal Round Hole at 15° (2)

Horizontal Round Hole Locations

Horizontal Round Hole at 15° Nails Timber screw 6-Lobe Drive 20mm (d)

Key details and constructional principles for the over-lap shear connections happening with the larger and smaller glue-laminated blocks, where simple connections are locked in place with timber screws.

Section 2 >Building Construction

Page:29

2.04 Global Structural Frame

Categorizing members

Lafting wall glulam (1)

The headquarters is based around the stacking system of lafting at a large scale, however it transistions in to a purlin-system where the rafters merges the lafting system and the glue-laminated block

Categorizing members

Factory standards

Lafting wall glulam (1)

Harnessing grain

Standard size ratios

State oil income

Harnessing grain

Grain direction (1)

Grain direction (2)

21%

Offices spaces of today cover 64% open plan

Categorizing members

1.5x

Info

1:2 Width changes at twice the rate of thickness

1:1 Width and thickness change at the same rate

2:1 Width changes half the rate of thicknessv

Info

>Pressing and curing >Finger-jointed

>Planing and finishing >Planing laminations

>Package and labelling >Adhesive application

Purlin roof glulam (2)

Investment total

20%

Fabrication of global assembly

Structural overview of glulam members

11. 12.

10. 1. 9.

2. 6.

7. 4.

Index 1.0 100x40mm Spruce, Norway 100x40mm Pine, Scots 100x40mm Fir, Douglas 100x40mm Oak, White

Legend

1 Ridge board - 200x100mm 2 Rafters - 1500x375mm

>Design Development

Global Structural Frame 74

3 Purlins - 750x300mm 4 Hangers - 750x300mm

5 Binder 6 Collar beam - 1500x3000mm

7 Eaves board - 375x50mm 8 MPP board - 1500x50mm

9 Wall - 3000mm 10 Floor - 375mm

11 Ridge collar 12 Ridge piece

Fragment of foundation build-up

Foundation construction sequences

3. 2.

Index (1) >Site: 130m x 103m >Fragment: 45m x 48m

1.1

1.2

1 Forneburingen - 1,900 avg. annual cars - re-direct traffic under heavy construction phase 2 Site personell - Planning and Building Act 2008 - promote sustainable development on site

3 Excavator - CATERPILLAR 340D L Excavator - initial trench excavated for tram-train entrance 4 Nansenparken - CATERPILLAR 568GF Forest Machine - clear in-situ trees and shrubs

Index (2) >Site: 130m x 103m >Fragment: 45m x 48m

2.1

1 Pre-fabs - HeidelbergCement AS - Kynningsrud Prefab AS prefabricates off-site 2 In-situ rocks - CATERPILLAR 320E LRR Hydraulic Excavator - lift and preserve rocks for later use

2.2

3 Rotary laser level - BOSCH GRL 400 H - level horizontal, angle and grading-slope applications 4 Bulk bags - Polypropylene LB SWL - collect and transport excess compost for gravel fill

3. 4.

1. 2.

Index (3) >Site: 130m x 103m >Fragment: 45m x 48m

3.1

3.2 1 Glulam truck delivery - FASTRACK delivery truck - initial lafting blocks are delivered to site 2 Bandsaw cut staddle stone - ABB IRB7600 400 Robot - traditional staddle stone footing for lafting

>Design Development

Foundation Construction

3 Pre-fabs - HeidelbergCement AS - Kynningsrud Prefab AS prefabricates off-site 4 Installation - CATERPILLAR Crane 25ton Hydraul Crane - cheaper and faster build time

Site is located in an urban context in terms of ease of access for resources and constructions. Diagrams below explain the process in which the tram-train line is connected to building foundations below ground.

Build-out fragment: Floor-to-wall

Lafting shear connections (1/3)

7. 10. 9.

2. 3.

5. 4.

Legend

1 C25/ST 2 Concrete - 500mm 2 Hard foam insulation - 90mm

3 Gravel fill - 400mm 4 DPM Vapor barrier - 5mm

>Design Development

Lafting Facade: Build-out 1.1 76

5 Steel rebar - 10mm Ø 6 Drainage pipe - 100mm Ø

7 Fibreglass BWSL45 - 350mm 8 Triple-Glazed - 45mm

9 Timber screw 6-Lobe Drive- 20mm 10 Wood Fibre insulation - 200mm

Building fragment series of front elevation (1/3) Showcasing the build-out of an overlapping of lafts, re-directing the point load linearly down to a staddle stone connection to further sit on concrete foundation.

Build-out fragment: Floor-to-wall

Lafting shear connections (2/3)

7. 10. 9.

2. 3. 5. 4.

Legend

1 C25/ST 2 Concrete - 500mm 2 Hard foam insulation - 90mm

3 Gravel fill - 400mm 4 DPM Vapor barrier - 5mm

>Design Development

Lafting Facade: Build-out 1.2

5 Steel rebar - 10mm Ø 6 Drainage pipe - 100mm Ø

7 Fibreglass BWSL45 - 350mm 8 Triple-Glazed - 45mm

9 Timber screw 6-Lobe Drive- 20mm 10 Wood Fibre insulation - 200mm

Building fragment series of front elevation (2/3) Showcasing the build-out of a the center of a great span that reaches across the main entrance to the tram-train connection directly below ground.

Build-out fragment: Floor-to-wall

Lafting shear connections (3/3)

7. 10. 9.

2. 3. 5. 4.

Legend

1 C25/ST 2 Concrete - 500mm 2 Hard foam insulation - 90mm

3 Gravel fill - 400mm 4 DPM Vapor barrier - 5mm

>Design Development

Lafting Facade: Build-out 1.3 78

5 Steel rebar - 10mm Ø 6 Drainage pipe - 100mm Ø

7 Fibreglass BWSL45 - 350mm 8 Triple-Glazed - 45mm

9 Timber screw 6-Lobe Drive- 20mm 10 Wood Fibre insulation - 200mm

Building fragment series of front elevation (3/3) Showcasing the build-out of the north-wing entrance in to the co-working spaces at ground floor and also shows the thermal envelope that touches floor plate.

ABB IRB7600 400 Robotic Simulation

Vertical Bandsaw Cut at 90° (1)

ABB IRB7600 400 Robotic Simulation

Vertical Bandsaw Cut at 90° (2)

Vertical Bandsaw Cut at 90° (3)

Info 1.1 Set coordinates and context for robot arm to start cut Cooling water pump= ON

Progress (1) Bandsaw cut in X-axis (1) 0.50%

ABB IRB7600 400 Robotic Simulation

Info 1.2 Ensure the stone remains within reach of robot arm Cooling water pump= 230 / 400 V, 50 Hz

Progress (2) Bandsaw cut in X-axis (2) 0.75%

Info 1.3 Rotate stone after first initial groove cut water pump= Pause

ABB IRB7600 400 Robotic Simulation

Horizontal Bandsaw Cut at 0° (1)

ABB IRB7600 400 Robotic Simulation

Horizontal Bandsaw Cut at 0° (2)

Horizontal Bandsaw Cut at 0° (3)

Info 2.1 Re-calibarate and coordinate robot location and context Cooling water pump= Unpause

Progress (4) Bandsaw cut in Z-axis (1) 0.37%

Installation steps for custom staddle stone (1)

Installing the glulam block to the staddle stone

Info 2.2 Begin cutting with cooling water pump on again Cooling water pump= 230 / 400 V, 50 Hz

Progress (5) Bandsaw cut in Z-axis (2) 0.75%

Info 2.3 Finished product needs to be sanded done after cut Cooling water pump= OFF

Inofrmal nauguration and use of staddle stone supports

1 ARC Stud Welding - 25mm 2 Douglas, Fir board - 50mm

Progress (6) Bandsaw cut in Z-axis (3) 1.00%

Installation steps for custom staddle stone (2)

Legend

Progress (3) Bandsaw cut in X-axis (3) 1.00%

3 C25/ST 2 Footing- 250mm 4 C25/ST 2 Concrete - 500mm

>Design Development

ABB Bandsaw Staddle Stones

1 Glulam Block 2 Limestone footing

3 Shrubs, ferns, low-light emittance wildlife 4 Concrete plate

Stones are cut using an ABB IRB7600 robotic arm to cut a seamless connection for the glulam beam, similarly how traditional lafted buildings rest their point loads in order to have continous air running beneath.

3D Chunk of entrance and co-working

Sectional build-up Equinor HQ

7. 4.

10.

Legend

1 Grey slate, silver grey - 30mm 2 Purlins - 750x300mm

3 Hangers - 750x300mm 4 Rafters - 1500x375mm

>Design Development

Co-Working: Sectional Chunk 80

5 Fibreglass BWSL45 - 350mm 6 GE Silicon sealment - 6.35mm

7 Wood Fibre insulation - 200mm 9 Triple-Glazed - 45mm 8 Wood Fibre insulation - 100mm 10 Window aperture mechanic

Sectional build-up shows the transistions in building and contruction systems in relation to the programme of co-working and the tram-train foyer, giving the entire section of the entrance to the Equinor headquarters.

Assembled drawing of north-wing roof overhang

Purlin overhang build-up construction (1)

4. 2.

Nails (1) Timber screw 6-Lobe Drive 20mm (d)

1 Slate, Tile-work - 3m x 1m 3 Lafting, Glulam - 3m x 1,5m 2 Rafter, Purlin system - 3m x 3m 4 Insulation, Envelope - 200mm, 100mm

Exploded drawing of north-wing roof overhang

Purlin overhang build-up construction (2) 4.

9. 2.

5. 6. 1.

7. 8.

10.

Nails (2) Timber screw 6-Lobe Drive 20mm (d)

Legend

1 Code 4 Lead flashing - 1.8mm 2 Scots, Pine board - 50mm

>Design Development

Purlin Roof System 1

3 Screw angled 90° - 10mm Ø 4 Screw angled 85° - 10mm Ø

5 Wood Fibre insulation - 100mm 7 Spurce lumber (1) - 200mm 6 Wood Fibre insulation - 200mm 8 Spruce lumber (2) - 70mm

9 Grey slate, silver grey slate - 30mm 10 Aluminium gutter - 10mm

Transistion between the stacking system of lafting translating in to a purlin system is explained in drawings below. The materials and techniques reflect common building technology and local cultures.

Slate and rectangular build-up

Slate and windows - Roof installation instructions Guide (1) 39mm drilled holes screwed at angles to ensure stiffness.

Guide (2) 2. Lay DPM and windows can be lifted in to place.

1. 3. 2.

Legend

1 Screw angled 30° - 10mm Ø 2 Screw angled 90° - 10mm Ø

3 Wood Fibre insulation - 100mm 4 Purlin rafters - 37.5mm

Legend

Guide (3) 1. Slate tiles are laid directly on top of purlin system.

1 Fibreglass BWSL45 - 350mm 2 DPM Vapor barrier - 5mm

3 Wood Fibre insulation - 200mm 4 Drywall screw - 10mm Ø

Guide (4) Final inspections to ensure accuracy and delivery.

1. 2.

Legend

1 Grey, silver grey slate - 30mm 2 GE Silicon sealment - 6.35mm

Roof construction 65 12.5mm drilled holes 18 39mm drilled holes

>Design Development

Purlin Roof System 2 82

3 Fibreglass frame BWSL45 - 350mm 4 DPM Vapor barrier - 5mm

Legend

1 Specialist inspections 2 Building control inspections

3 Health and safety inspections 4 Rotary laser level check

Slate construction 63 12.5mm drilled holes 0 39mm drilled holes

Traditional purlin roof system remains with the same properties but slightly larger scale and sizes. Slate is usually delivered by crane truck and ot can offer favorable shipping prices directly from Norway.

Constructional logic and assembly

Lafting glulam blocks

Pre-fabrication sequences

Co-working space construction 1.

3. 4.

Legend

1 Glulam column 2 Glulam beam

Legend

3 Shear connection 4 Window footings

1 Structural window frame 2 Lead flashing

3 Beams / rafters 4 Glulam beam

1. 3. 1.

3. 4.

Legend

1 Glulam floor 2 Douglas, Fir Boards

3 Window insulation - 200mm 4 Triple-Glazed

Legend

1 Window installation 2 Wood fibre insulation - 200mm

3 Douglas, Fir Boards 4 Steps / staircase

2. 3. 3.

Legend

1 Structural window frame 2 Saddle notch landing

3 Window installation inspector 4 Lead flashing

Legend

1 Specialist inspections 2 Building control inspections

3 Health and safety inspections 4 Health and safety inspections

>Design Development

Lafting: Construction Build-out

3 Site manager 4 Window installation inspector

Legend

1 Glulam beam 2 Saddle notch landing

Legend

1 Circulation space 2 Access outdoors

3 Co-working cluster (1) 4 Co-working cluster (2)

The constructional logic follows a simple yet efficient process where the glulam blocks are stacked and erected across followed by the window frame which yields additional support for long spans shown below.v

Fragment of construction build-up

Building construction process

2. 1.

Index (1) >Site: 117m x 108m >Fragment: 45m x 48m

1.1

Index (2) >Site: 117m x 108m >Fragment: 45m x 48m

1 Excavating initial trenches for tram-train entrance - part of foundation construction 2 Forneburingen (road) closed down - traffic re-directed under heavy construction phase

1.2

1 Bandsaw cut staddle stones - traditional staddle stone footing for lafting 2 Installing custom cut staddles stones as part of the point-load foundtions

2. 1. 1.

Index (3) >Site: 117m x 108m >Fragment: 45m x 48m

1.3

Index (4) >Site: 117m x 108m >Fragment: 45m x 48m

1 Pre-fabricated glue-laminated lafting blocks are installed 2 Initial lafting blocks form the heated and unheated spaces

1.4

1 Douglas Fir flooring boards are laid in-between the glulam blocks 2 Initial saddle notch landings for the purlin roofs are ready for construction

Index (5) >Site: 117m x 108m >Fragment: 45m x 48m

1.5

1 Rafters are laid orthongonal to hangers and purlins in each axis 2 Purlins are laid on top of rafters to lay the foundation for the roofing slate and insulation

>Design Development

Construction Sequence 84

Index (6) >Site: 117m x 108m >Fragment: 45m x 48m

1.6

1 Co-working entrance 2 Outdoors access and foyer

Fornebu is a new city and is constantly under development with close-by construction sites booming. The site has good accessibility to main roads and can easily operate without any major traffic jams.

Fragment: Co-working hub

Exploded composistion of Services and Misc in Co-working Hub (1)

Assembled composistion of Services and Misc in Co-working Hub(2)

3. 6. 5.

4. 1.

Index 1.1 39 12.5mm drilled holes 6 39mm drilled holes

Legend

1 Timber screw 6-Lobe Drive - 20mm Ø 2 Bugle-head Fine Thread Drywall screw - 10mm Ø

1 HVAC Ventilation system 2 Misc services

3 Mechanical ventilated space 4 Fibre-optic cables (scaled)

5 Server access 6 Admin work-station

3. 5.

4. Index 1.1 39 19.5mm drilled holes 6 39mm drilled holes

Legend

1 Triple-Glazed - dB reducer 2 HVAC Ventilation system

3 Misc services 4 Fibre-optic cables (scaled)

>Design Development

Services and Misc Integration 1

5 Admin work-station 6 Server CPUs

The glue-laminated timber composistion is emptied out for further enhancement with services that supply the co-working spaces with ventilation, electrics, water and fibre-optic cable connection for each cluster.

Fragment: Lecture-hall

Exploded composistion of Services and Misc in Lecture-hall (1)

Assembled composistion of Services and Misc in Lecture-hall (2)

3. 6. 5.

4. 2.

Index 1.2 39 12.5mm drilled holes 6 39mm drilled holes

Legend

1 Timber screw 6-Lobe Drive - 20mm Ø 2 Bugle-head Fine Thread Drywall screw - 10mm Ø

1 HVAC Ventilation system 2 Misc services

3 Mechanical ventilated space 4 Fibre-optic cables (scaled)

5 Server access 6 Admin work-station

4. 3.

Index 1.2 39 19.5mm drilled holes 6 39mm drilled holes

Legend

1 HVAC Ventilation system 2 Code 4 Lead flashing - 1.8mm

3 Wood Fibre insulation - 200mm 5 Admin work-station 4 Fibre-optic cables (scaled) 6 Lecture floor (section)

>Design Development

Services and Misc Integration 2 86

Extending on the glue-laminated timber composistion, an earlier fragment of a lecture hall is re-enetred as the lafting blocks yield good stacking efficiency of the rows needed for a tech-driven lecture hall at Equinor.

3D chunk of North-west wing entrance

Technical overview of system strategies and building performances 1. 2. 9.

3. 8.

5. 4. 6.

10.

1. Legend

1 Triple-Glazed Ceiling - 45mm 2 Snow - 50cm

3 Cavity - 250mm 4 Air soffit vent - 300mm

5 Snowguards - 15mm Ø 6 Aluminium gutter - 150mm Ø

7 Wildlife - buffer-zones 8 HVAC ventilation system

9 Window aperture mechanics 10 Noise cancellation performance

10. 2.

Legend

1 Passive solar gain 3 Radiant heating systems / PCs 5 Aluminium gutter - 150mm Ø 2 Insulation blanket - Snow 50cm 4 Snowguards - 15mm Ø 6 Northely wind ventilation

>Design Development

Sectional Study: Environmental

7 Noise - buffer-zones 8 Underfloor heating pipes

9 HVAC mechanical ventilation 10 Thermal emittance

Overview of key environmental strategies for both passive and mechanical, that enable the Equinor HQ to perform comfortable working conditions in the ever fast-changing climate extremities of southern Norway.

Integrated ventilation systems

Ventilation systems in co-working spaces

Mechanical ventilation integration

Ventilation systems in co-working spaces

HVAC and passive ventilation strategy (1)

Winter conditions

HVAC and passive ventilation strategy (2)

Summer conditions

Soffits: forced ventilation (1)

Soffits: forced ventilation (2)

Winter ridge ventilation strategy

Summer ridge ventilation strategy

(14. feb) -17,0°

(18. mar) +18,5°

Ridge ventilation Seasons

4. 1.

Legend (1) 250mm cavity 300mm air soffit vent (1) removes any conductive heat (2) permits snow as thermal mass (3) acts as a double insulation Legend

1 Conductive heat 2 Water (condition)

3. Legend (2) 2. 250mm cavity 300mm air soffit vent 5mm air hatch (1) passive continous ventilation (2) additional ventilation to counter overheating

3 Slate tiles 4 Air soffit

5 Snow 50cm 6 Window-sealant

Legend

1 Conductive heat 2 Air soffit

3 Slate tiles 4 Air hatch

5 Ventilation 6 Window-sealant

Winter overhang ventilation strategy

Summer overhang ventilation strategy

(14. feb) -17,0°

(18. mar) +18,5° Overhang ventilation Seasons

4. 1.

6. Legend (4) 2. 3350mm exposed ceiling 250mm cavity 300mm air soffits (1) passive ventilation for HVAC system (2) additional ventilation to counter overheating

Legend (3) 4. 3350mm exposed ceiling 250mm cavity 300mm air soffits (1) unheated overhang continously ventilated (2) catalyzes passive ventilation for HVAC system Legend

1 Conductive heat 2 Water (condition)

3 Slate tiles 4 Air soffit

>Design Development

Air and Ventilation Systems 1 88

5 Snow 50cm 6 Laft

Legend

1 Conductive heat 2 Air soffit

3 Slate tiles 4 Air hatch

5 Ventilation 6 Vent-openings

The two key wind directions being northeasterly and southerly is addressed in the roof orientation which opens up possible passive ventilation strategies embedded and inserted in the roofing structures.

Co-working spaces in-door passive ventilation

Simulating air-flow ventilation in-door (1)

Simulating air-flow ventilation out-door (2)

Average temperature for May in Fornebu.

On average, May is the least humid month.

(May) +6.8°C

(May) +61.7% 5.

3. 2.

External temperature +0C°

Info (1) >Indoor temperature= +18,0°

Legend

1 Air - inlet 2 HVAC - fresh air

3 HVAC - stale air 4 Direct-ventilation

Info (2) >Indoor temperature= +18,0°

Legend

5 Triple-Glazed 6 Opening- outlet

1 Window (open) - inlet 2 Ventilation hatch

3 HVAC - hot air intake 4 HVAC - stale air

Average temperature for November in Fornebu.

On average, November is the most humid.

(November) +3.0°C

(November) +75.5% 4.

5 HVAC - fresh air 6 Air vent - outlet

5. 6.

External temperature +0C° 3. 1. 2.

Info (3) >Indoor temperature= +18,0°

Legend

1 Air - inlet 2 HVAC - fresh air

3 HVAC - stale air 4 Cross-ventilation

>Design Development

Air and Ventilation Systems 2

5 Triple-Glazed 6 Opening- outlet

Legend

1 Air vent - inlet 2 Air pump

Info (4) >Indoor temperature= +18,0°

3 Ventilation hatch 4 HVAC - stale air

5 HVAC - fresh air 6 Air vent - outlet

Norway has some very humid months, and above average is humid throughout the year. Passive ventilation strategies can be tested through air-flow simulation displayed in simple sectional models below.

Noise reduction strategies (1)

Noise simulation summer conditions

40 dB <=

65dB <=

1.00

Legend

Noise reduction strategies (2)

Noise simulation winter conditions (50cm snow)

1 Triple-Glazing can reduce noise up to 54dB 2 Buffer-zone: vegetation to obstruct noise waves

40 dB <=

0.00

>Simulation frames= 0.10, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50

>Number of bounces: 3

55 <= ... < 65dB

1.00

Legend

Noise reduction strategies (3)

Noise simulation winter conditions (100cm snow)

1 Fluffy snow acts as a sound absorber 2 Sound particles enters with 1-2 bounces left

40 dB <=

0.00

>Simulation frames= 0.10, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50

>Number of bounces: 3

55dB <=

1.00

Legend

>Design Development

Noise Reduction 1 90

1 No sound particles enters the foyer 2 Couple of inches of snow can absorb 60 percent of sound

0.00

>Simulation frames= 0.10, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50

>Number of bounces: 3

Noise assement of sound particles demonstrate simple buffer-zone and snow strategies to reduce the noises from traffic passing by. Diagrams below display charged sound particles bouncing toward context.

Noise incentives diagram

Co-working open-air noise simulation (1)

Co-working conditions and sensitivty

Co-working open-air noise simulation (2)

Point particles simulating noise waves

Point particles travel distance

Window-opening noise traveling from outside 40 <= ... < 45 dB

Perspective

Section

Noise (1.0)

Noise (1.1)

2. 1.

1.00

1 Hatch as noise inlet from external traffic 2 Noise sensitive co-working space sealed off

0.00

>Simulation frames= 0.05, 0.20, 0.22, 0.30, 0.50

>Number of bounces: 5

Note

*noise from the Forneburingen traveling through air vent *noises from outside will have larger impact during summer

Cross-cluster co-working noise traveling 70dB <=

Perspective

Section

Noise (2.0)

Noise (2.1)

1.00

1 Noise disturbance from adjacent co-working social 2 Seperate co-working cluster social becomes less formal

0.00

>Simulation frames= 0.05, 0.32, 0.38, 0.47, 0.65

>Number of bounces: 5

Note

*acceptable noise in informal co-working spaces *noise strategies should not interupt the visibility

Circulation and small-talks noise traveling 60dB <=

Perspective

Section

Noise (3.0)

Noise (3.1)

1.00

1 Noise from informal chats and interactions in hallway 2 Open-air entrance to co-working hub

>Design Development

Noise Reduction 2

0.00

>Simulation frames= 0.05, 0.17, 0.20, 0.37, 0.47

>Number of bounces: 5

Note

*sound sensitive clusters will be sealed completely *small chatter usually lies around 60-70dB

Sound particles have a set amount of bounces before they die out (5 bounces). The colors in the diagrams of the particles describe the amount of particles left as a collective: Yellow=50%, Red=100%, Blue=0%.

Performance in different seasonal conditions

Thermal performance overview

Co-working strategy (1)

Co-working strategy (2)

Winter day

Transistional period

Summer day

Snowload strategy for 20-50cm snow

Transistional period

Summer night

Additional thermal support - 1 Jan 13:00 - 31 Dec 24:00

Snow as an insulation blanket

Snow as passive insulation for Fornebu, Norway (20 cm) Snow (2021) >Average depth= 14cm >Cold bridges

Thermal strategies for 20cm snowload

20cm Snow >Snow depth equivalant= R-8

(27. feb) -9,3° 2.

Snow (2

0cm)

Winter night

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Legend

1 Ceiling windows 3 Ventilation system 2 Radiant heating systems / PCs 4 Building thermal envelope

Snow (2020) >Average depth= 45cm >Cold bridges

1 Passive solar gain 2 Partial insulation blanket

Thermal strategies for 50cm snowload

50cm Snow >Snow depth equivalant= R-21

(14. feb) -17,0° 2.

Snow (5

0cm)

3 Thermal emittance 4 Underfloor heating

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Legend

Jul

1 Ceiling windows 3 Ventilation system 2 Radiant heating systems / PCs 4 Building thermal envelope

>Design Development

Thermal Performance 92

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Legend

1 Passive solar gain 2 Snow insulation blanket

3 Thermal emittance 4 Radiant heating systems / PCs

Deep cross-sections of the glulam blocks allow high angle sunlight in summer, whilst maximising low angle sunlight during the winter. Due to Norway’s extreme weather, snow is being harnessed as an insulator.

Ray-tracing generated for daylight penetration beneath canopy

Co-working space: working day on October 31st

Co-working outdoors: morning sun at 09:00 AM June 31st

3. >Hour: 08:00 AM (GMT+1)

>Sun azimuth: 124° >Sun altitude: 6.54°

1. 2. 4.

>Hour: 12:00 AM (GMT+1)

>Hour: 16:00 AM (GMT+1)

>Sun azimuth: 183° >Sun altitude: 19.2°

>Design Development

Light Performance

0.00

>kWh per. m² >Total radiation: 61,354m²

>Hour of year: 4356hrs

0.00

>kWh per. m² >Total radiation: 66,067m²

S 874.15

5 Buffer zone 6 Second floor

Radiation conditions for October 31st

S 874.15

3 Co-working space 4 Foyer

Daylight radiation analysis (HOY)

Radiation conditions for June 31st

1 Co-working outdoors 2 Ventilation/light screen

Daylight radiation analysis (HOY)

Radiation conditions for March 31st

>Hour of year: 2172hrs

Legend

>Sun azimuth: 242° >Sun altitude: 3.16°

Daylight radiation analysis (HOY)

SE 874.15

>Hour of year: 7308hrs

0.00

>kWh per. m² >Total radiation: 8,8689m²

Lighting strategies for the headquarters are examined to ensure good working conditions of natural light in the co-working spaces and social openings, but also conditions that may not need excessive lighting.

Roof system for insulation performance

Snowguard system (1)

Snowguards: harnessing snow as insulation 2.

Snowguard system (2)

Snowguards: summer performance 3.

Snowguards: winter performance

Legend

1 Snowguards 2 Screw angled 90°

3 Steel brackets 4 Aluminium gutter

Legend

1 Rainfall 525mm (annual) 2 Snowguard rails

3 Steel brackets 4 Aluminium gutter

Roof windows

Legend

1 Snow 50cm 2 Snowguard rails

3 Steel brackets 4 Aluminium gutter

Roof windows

Ridge board at 9AM light during summer

Roof overhang at 9AM light during summer

Legend (1) 100mm wood fibre insulation 50mm wood fibre insulation 5mm DPM Vapor barrier 10mm Grey, silver grey slate 350mm Fibreglass frame BWSL45

Legend (2) 1.8mm lead flashing 10mm aluminium gutter 3350mm exposed ceiling 250mm cavity 300mm air soffits

Simulating light bounces through ceiling (1)

Simulating light bounces through ceiling (2)

Simulating light bounces through ceiling (3)

Simulating light bounces through ceiling (4)

Simulating light bounces through ceiling (5)

Simulating light bounces through ceiling (6)

Ray-tracing: dawn light on north at 06:00 AM

Ray-tracing: morning light at 09:00 AM

Ray-tracing: afternoon light at 15:00 PM

Snowguards: light at noon 12:00 PM

Ray-tracing: evening light at 18:00 PM

Ray-tracing: early beginnging of dusk at 21:00 PM 2.

2. 2.

Inf

1 Rays deflect and are uncontrolled to aperture 2 Inconsistant resume of rays penetrate

>Design Development

Roof System Performance 1 94

Legend

1 Deep rays penetrate the building 2 Summer rays overheating the spaces

Legend

1 No rays on notherly facing windows 2 Aperture should react to the condition of rays

The roof system provides a waterproof membrane that wraps around the ridge running on the northely and southerly side, but additionally allows passive ventilation to flow freely through to moisture control the roof.

Graph mapper controlling aperture output

Default settings for sun aperture (1)

Default settings for sun aperture (2)

1. 2. 3. 4.

Legend

Sun altitude in June 43.37° displayed

Linear gradient exposed to sun in June (1)

1 Aperture: 80% 2 Aperture: 80%

3 Aperture: 80% 4 Aperture: 80%

Sun altitude in June 43.37° displayed

Linear gradient exposed to sun in June (2)

1. 2. 3. 4.

Legend

Sun performance

Roof ceiling windows aperture (1)

Default

Aperture stage (1)

Window frame

Aperture: 80%

1 Aperture: 20% 2 Aperture: 40%

3 Aperture: 60% 4 Aperture: 80%

Sun performance

Aperture stage (2)

Aperture stage (3)

Aperture stage (4)

Aperture: 60%

Ray-tracing analysis of linear gradient aperture (1)

Roof ceiling windows aperture (2)

Aperture: 40%

Ray-tracing analysis of linear gradient aperture (2)

Window aperture: 09:00 AM

Aperture: 1%

Ray-tracing analysis of linear gradient aperture (3)

Window aperture: 12:00 PM

Aperture stage (5)

Aperture: 20%

Window aperture: 15:00 PM

Inf

1 Direct contact with rays not permitted 2 Morning light tolerated at lower angles

>Design Development

Roof System Performance 2

Legend

1 Aperture at 60% to allow rays in midday 2 Rays enter at second bounce in to space

Legend

1 Aperture at 80% to fully allow rays in 2 Aperture is reacting to amount and direction of light

Using parametric tools to simulate a more responsive aperture gradient for light emittance in to the building due to its extraordinary thermal depth. Mechanical blinds are controlled globally through a graph mapper.

Roof and ceiling programme

Tilework conditional expression

Architectural condition

Activating slate tilework for daylight penetration General lighting condition for slate tilework Slate tile-work no daylight

1. 4. 2.

1 Over-exposed 2 Co-working space

Roof design and strategy (1)

Slate roof window aperture

3 No daylight condition 4 Meeting spaces

Daylight simulation for Fornebu, Norway - 1 March 10:00 (1)

Slate tilework in purlin system overhang

Deep lighting penetration for open tilework Sun-rays altitude 16.5°

1. 4. 3.

1 Tile work - passive 2 Window aperture - active

Roof design and strategy (2)

Slate roof tile gradient

3 Sunray inlet 4 Artificial lights

Daylight simulation for Fornebu, Norway - 1 March 10:00 (1)

Slate tilework activated in global graph mapper Deep lighting penetration for open tilework Sun-rays altitude 16.5°

2. 1. 4. 3.

1 Tile work - passive 2 Artificial lights

>Design Development

Roof System Performance 3 96

3 Glazed facade 4 Artificial lights

Highlighting the morphology of roof design in relationship to the workspaces and breaking-down the activation of key spaces and junctions that are lit with artificial lighting to become central meeting rooms.

GIS analysis of co-working performance

Space-syntax analysis (1) - co-working visibility

Space-syntax analysis (2) - tram-train visibility (1)

1. 2. 2. 1.

High GIS analysis of tram-train performance

Programme visibility (1)

1 Central axis strong visibility 2 Entrances strategically placed

Low

>Co-working >Grid spacing: 0,70m²

High GIS analysis of tram-train performance

Programme visibility (2)

1 Visible and open entrance 2 Tram-train decent central

Low

>Tram-train >Grid spacing: 0,70m²

High GIS analysis of co-working performance

Space-syntax analysis (1)

1 Visibility of cross-clusters 2 Dead-zone use - servers

Low

>Co-working >Grid spacing: 0,70m²

High GIS analysis of co-working performance

Space-syntax analysis (2)

1 Circulations on different levels 2 Open space for high traffic

Low

>Tram-train >Grid spacing: 0,70m²

4. 4.

Legend

1 Open and visible clusters 2 Admin work-stations

>Design Development

Co-Working Optimization

3 Co-working clusters and hubs 4 Network servers

1 Tram-train - Forneburingen 2 Open foyer

3 High traffic tram-train entrance 4 Accessibility

Co-working performance is measured and analyzed using space-syntax tools to achieve a better understanding of the principal success of co-working models such as WeWork and other start-up clusters.

>Final Drawings

Final Drawings

100

>Final Drawings

Cross-Section

100

101

>Final Drawings

Equinor Fornebu

102

103

>Final Drawings

Sectional Fragment

104

103

105

>Final Drawings

Immaterial Model

106

104

107

108

>General Arrangement Drawings

General Arrangement Drawings

105

109

>General Arrangement Drawings

GA L00 PLAN 1:350 @ A2

110

106

111

Entry (1) Co-work (A1-A3) WC (1) Section A

>General Arrangement Drawings

GA L01 PLAN 1:350 @ A2

112

Co-work (Hub 1

Entry (2)

Co-work (A4-A6)

Co-work (A10-A12)

Co-work (A7-A9)

Co-work (A13-A15)

Meeting space

Lecture-hall (1

Co-work (A16-A18)

Co-work (A22-A2 4)

Co-work (A19-A21)

Co-work (A25-A2 7)

Entry (3)

1) WC (2)

Co-work (A28-A3 0)

Entry (4)

107

113

Co-work entrance (A)

Co-work (A1-A15)

Foyer (1)

Tram-train (Line 2)

Foye

>General Arrangement Drawings

GA L02 PLAN 1:350 @ A2

114

er (2)

Tram-train (Line 1)

Co-work (A16-A30)

Co-work entrance (B)

108

115

L01 Plan (+4.500m) L02 Plan (+2.625m)

>General Arrangement Drawings

GA Section A: 1:200 @ A2

116

109

117

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2021 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

118

UNIT @unit14_ucl

119

I N N E R F O R M 2 0 2 1

G14 is a test bed for architectural exploration and innovation. Our students examine the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. As a unit, we are in search of new leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital and physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation and design research, generating momentum through astute synthesis. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, generates new, unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals. I t the centre of this year’s academic exploration was Buckminster Fuller’s A ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’: a master-builder who follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal as somebody who is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of his or her discoveries without disappearing into a career of expertise. Like Fuller, PG14 students are opportunists in search of new ideas and architectural synthesis. They explored the concept of ‘Inner Form’, referring to the underlying and invisible but existing logic of formalisation, which is only accessible to those who understand the whole system and its constituents and the relationships between. This year’s projects explored the places where culture and technology interrelate to generate constructional systems. Societal, technological, cultural, economic and political developments propelled our investigations and enabled us to project near-future scenarios, for which we designed comprehensive visions. Our methodology employed both bottom-up and top-down strategies in order to build sophisticated architectural systems. Pivotal to this process was practical experimentation and intense exploration using both digital and physical models to assess system performance and application in architectural space. Thanks to: DaeWha Kang Design, DKFS Architects, Expedition Engineering, Hassel, Knippers Helbig, RSHP, Seth Stein Architects, University of Stuttgart/ ITKE and Zaha Hadid Architects.

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2021 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl