Chenru Sung_Y4 | Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture by UNIT 14

CHENRU SUNG YEAR 4

UNIT

Y4 CS

BUNDLING BAMBOO

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CHENRU SUNG YEAR 4 Y4 CS

chenrusung@gmail.com @chenrusung

BUNDLING BAMBOO TRAIN STATION WITH BUNDLED BAMBOO STRUCTURE Nantou City, Taiwan

he project adopts bundled bamboo structure to design a train station in Nantou city in Taiwan.

Hence, by proposing a train station in Nantou city, the public transportation system will be improved and the connection with nearby regions will be strengthened.

Bamboo, as a fast-growing natural material, is an alternative for sustainable construction. Bamboo has long been used for small-scaled and temporary structure, such as pavilions, huts and scaffoldings. While the size of each bamboo pole is relatively constrained, by bundling a number of bamboo poles together can achieve the requirement of a large-scaled structure. By adopting the bundled bamboo structure in the train station, the structural potential of bamboo can be explored and the notion of the train station as a piece of permanent infrastructure can be challenged. Taiwan has ambient bamboo resources and a long history of bamboo planting and processing. Nantou region is covered by a large area of bamboo forest of different species and is most famous for manufacturing bamboo wares in Taiwan. However, as the only inland county on the Taiwan island, Nantou is also the only county without railway system going through major cities and towns.

While Taiwan is facing the challenges of aging society, Nantou is among one of the counties with the highest percentage of population aged above 65. In addition, young generations tend to seek for better career opportunities in nearby municipalities which causes the further shrinkage of population in Nantou.

K: STRENGTH RATIO

0.1

0.7

N: Ra/Rb

Rb Ra D1

D2 DI=D2, M1=0.5M2 F1=0.75 F2 > 0.5F2

F1 > F2

CHINA WORLD TRADE CENTER, SOM

RESEARCH: GENERAL CHARACTERS OF BAMBOO: VOID/NODE

THE COMMON BAMBOO SPECIES HAVE HOLLOW STRUCTURE AND ARE CONSISTED OF A SERIES OF SEGMENTS AND NODES. THE HOLLOW STRUCTURE ALLOWS BAMBOOS TO BE SPLIT AND WEAVED EASILY. THE NODE STRUCTURE HELPS BAMBOOS TO RESIST LATERAL FORCES.

F1 < F2

DISTRIBUTION OF BAMBOO

CHEUNG CHAU ISLAND IN HONG KONG

TRADITIONAL TEMPLE CLIMBING STRUCTURE PARADE ROUTE

RESEARCH: CLIMBING STRUCTURE FOR DAJIU FESTIVAL THE CLIMBING STRUCTURE IS USED FOR CLIMBING CONTESTS DURING THE DAJIU FESTIVAL AS A RITUAL FOR LOCAL FISHERMEN TO WORSHIP THE GOD AND PRAY FOR A SAFE VOYAGE.

(m) +16.0 +15.0 +14.0 +13.0 +12.0 +11.0 +10.0 +9.0 +8.0 +7.0 +6.0 +5.0 +4.0 +3.0 +2.0 +0.0

PLAN 1:100

ELEVATION 1:100

SECTION 1:100

RESEARCH: CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF THE CLIMBING STRUCTURE

THE CLIMBING STRUCTURE CONSISTS OF A CENTRAL POLE SPLIT INTO SIX PIECES FROM THE BOTTOM AS A REFERENCE TO LOCATE A SERIES OF SECONDARY CIRCULAR FRAMES ARRANGED FROM LARGE RADIUS TO SMALL RADIUS. A LAYER OF BAMBOO SCREEN MADE BY SLICING BAMBOOS INTO THIN PIECES IS ATTACHED ON OUTSIDE OF THE CIRCULAR FRAMES.

BAMBOO + ROPE

BAMBOO + SPLICE JOINT

BAMBOO + EARS/ DOWELS/ ANCHORS/ WRAP

BAMBOO + METAL COMPONENTS

RESEARCH: BAMBOO JOINTS ROPES OR WIRES ARE WIDELY USED TO FIX BAMBOO POLES IN THE PAST, WHILE METAL COMPONENTS WITH HIGHER STABILITY AND DURABILITY ARE ALTERNATIVES IN THE CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE. SPLICE JOINTS,DOWEL JOINTS AND ANCHORS ARE USUALLY APPLIED PARTIALLY BECAUSE THEY MIGHT RESULT IN SPLITTING OF BAMBOO POLES.

RESEARCH: STUDY OF SON LA CEREMONY DOME BY VTN ARCHITECTS

THE SON LA CEREMONY DOME IN VIETNAM ADOPTS BUNDLE BAMBOO STRUCTURE TO ACHIEVE LONG SPAN BAMBOO STRUCTURE.

17000

15600

3000

SECTION 0

SON LA CEREMONY DOME 2017

SEN VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTER 2015

WNW BAR 2008

RESEARCH: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT BUNDLE BAMBOO STRUCTURES DIFFERENT BUNDLE METHODS ARE INVESTIGATED IN SEVERAL PIECES OF WORK FROM VTN ARCHITECTS DURING DIFFERENT PERIODS.

ARTEFACT 1 LARGE SCALE BUNDLE BAMBOO STRUCTURE

BAMBOO, WITH ITS FIBERS IN LINEAR DIRECTION, HAS STRENGTH IN RESISTING TENSION FORCES. THE CONCEPT IS INSPIRED BY THE CABLE STRUCTURE THAT UTILIZES THE TENSION FORCES AND OPTIMIZED TO ALLOW EXTENDING IN TWO DIRECTIONS.

150mm/ 300mm

200mm/ 400mm

300mm/ 600mm

ARTEFACT 1 SINGLE MODULE METHODS OF BUNDLINGS AND JOINTS ARE STUDIED AT STAGE ONE.

150mm/ 300mm

300mm/ 600mm

300mm/ 800mm

ARTEFACT 1 COMBINED MODULE 12

THE NUMBER OF “CABLE MEMBERS” IS OPTIMIZED. THE FIXING POINTS OF “CABLE MEMBER” ARE RELOCATED, ALLOWING USERS TO GO THROUGH.

STAGE 0 MODULE MASS: 4537 kg MAX DISPLACEMENT: 4.73 cm MAX COMPRESSION: 16 kN MAX TENSION: 102 kN

STAGE 1 MODULE MASS: 2819 kg MAX DISPLACEMENT: 2.67 cm MAX COMPRESSION: 8 kN MAX TENSION: 45 kN

STAGE 2 MODULE MASS: 2543 kg MAX DISPLACEMENT: 2.57 cm MAX COMPRESSION: 9 kN MAX TENSION: 12 kN

ARTEFACT 1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS MEMBERS WITH DIFFERENT THICKNESSES ARE TESTED TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL OF A SMALL MODULE MASS AND MINIMIZE THE DISPLACEMENT, COMPRESSION AND TENSION FORCES.

ARTEFACT 2 MULTI-FLOOR BUNDLE BAMBOO STRUCTURE

BASED ON THE STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLE OF ARTEFACT 1, THE TRIANGULAR FRAME IS MIRRORED AND PLACED ON TOP OF THE BOTTOM GROUP, TOGETHER THE TWO MODULES FORM A DIAMOND GRID AND GENERATE MULTI-FLOOR BUNDLE BAMBOO STRUCTURE BY STACKING.

10 10

10 5

(m)

10 10

7.5

(m)

ARTEFACT 2 FLEXIBILITY OF PLACING THE SLABS THE TENSION MEMBERS ARE APPLIED TO PREVENT THE BUCKLING AND ALSO INDICATE THE LOCATION OF HORIZONTAL SLABS. SLABS CAN HAVE DIFFERENT OFFSETS AND LENGTH TO CREATE VARIOUS SPATIAL EXPERIENCE.

200mm*4/400mm

150mm*4/300mm

200mm*1/200mm

ARTEFACT 2 STRUCTURAL HIERARCHY 16

FOUR BAMBOO POLES WITH 200MM OR 150MM RADIUS ARE BUNDLED INTO ONE COMPONENT FOR THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STRUCTURE.

STAGE 1 MODULE MASS: 63943 kg MAX DISPLACEMENT: 4.21 cm DIAMETER OF COMPONENTS: Lower outer components: 30cm Lower inner components: 30cm Upper outer components: 30cm Upper inner components: 30cm

STAGE 2 MODULE MASS: 101523 kg MAX DISPLACEMENT: 1.79 cm DIAMETER OF COMPONENTS: Lower outer components: 40cm Lower inner components: 40cm Upper outer components: 40cm Upper inner components: 40cm

STAGE 3 MODULE MASS: 82733 kg MAX DISPLACEMENT: 3.85 cm DIAMETER OF COMPONENTS: Lower outer components: 40cm Lower inner components: 40cm Upper outer components: 30cm Upper inner components: 30cm

STAGE 4 MODULE MASS: 88996 kg MAX DISPLACEMENT: 2.63 cm DIAMETER OF COMPONENTS: Lower outer components: 40cm Lower inner components: 30cm Upper outer components: 40cm Upper inner components: 30cm

ARTEFACT 2 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS MEMBERS WITH DIFFERENT THICKNESSES ARE TESTED TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL OF A SMALL MODULE MASS AND MINIMIZE THE DISPLACEMENT. THE COMPARISON DEMONSTRATES THAT INCREASING THE RADIUS OF OUTER FRAMES FOR BOTH UPPER AND LOWER STRUCTURE IS EFFECTIVE TO ENHANCE THE STRUCTURAL STABILITY.

ARTEFACT 3 MULTI-FLOOR BUN

THE ARTEFACT FOCUSES ON GENERATING A COMB UMN FREE SPACE AND MORE ENCLOSED AND SM BOO STRUCTURE. THE INITIAL STRUCTURAL CON THAT UTILIZES THE TENSION STRENGTH OF BAMB GAINS INSIGHTS FROM THE FLYING B

NDLE BAMBOO STRUCTURE

BINATED STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF LARGE COLMALL SCALED SPACE BY USING BUNDLE BAMNCEPT IS INSPIRED BY THE CABLE STRUCTURE BOO. THE PRINCIPLE OF LOAD TRANSFERRING BUTTRESS OF GOTHIC CHURCHES.

Diameter=150mm*4/300mm Diameter=100mm*4/200mm Diameter=200mm*1/200mm

ARTEFACT 3 PARTIAL STRUCTURE 20

THE PARTIAL STRUCTURE SHOWS THE COMBINATION OF THREE BASIC MODULES THAT FORM SPACE OF DIFFERENT SCALES.

TYPE 1.0 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 11.1 cm

TYPE 1.1 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 2.2 cm

TYPE 1.2 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 1.9 cm

TYPE 1.3 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 2.1 cm

TYPE 2.1 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 1.13cm

TYPE 2.2 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 1.16 cm

TYPE 2.3 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 1.12 cm

TYPE 2.4 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 1.15 cm

ARTEFACT 3 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS TYPE 1 SHOWS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SECONDARY FRAMES IN TRANSFERRING THE LOAD. DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF SECONDARY FRAMES ARE TESTED BUT THERE IS NO MAJOR DIFFERENCE. TYPE 2 FURTHER STUDIES DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF THE THIRD PAIR OF FRAMES AND THERE IS ALSO NO MAJOR DIFFERENCE OF STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE.

SEAT

LIBRARY

TICKET OFFICE

PERFORMANCE

ARTEFACT 4 TRAIN STATION 22

THE PARTIAL STRUCTURE SHOWS THE FLEXIBILITY TO ARRANGE THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS TO FORM SPACE OF DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS AND SCALES. BENTO STORES AND BENTO CANTEENS ARE INTRODUCED AS A KEY ELEMENT TO THE TRAIN STATION

PLATFORM

FOOD COURT

TING AREA

FOOD COURT

WAITING AREA

SEATING AREA

TICKET OFFICE

14m

36m 14m

14m

11m

14m

25m

10m

ARTEFACT 4: BENTO CULTURE

A BENTO IS A SINGLE-PORTION, TAKE-AWAY OR HOME PACKED MEAL OF JAPANESE ORIGIN. BECAUSE OF ITS CONVENIENCE TO EAT AND REPACK DURING THE LONG JOURNEY, IT’S THE MOST COMMON CHOICE OF MEALS ON THE TRAIN. BESIDES THE TYPICAL BENTO SHOPS ON THE PLATFORM LEVEL, A BENTO CANTEEN ON THE TOP FLOOR IS PROPOSED FOR THE LOCAL COMMUNITY.

600mm

600mm 600mm

600mm

1400mm

1000mm 200*400mm 600mm

200*400mm 1000mm 1000mm 1800mm

1000mm

ARTEFACT 4: FLEXIBILITY OF BUNDLE STRUCTURE THE SECONDARY STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS CAN BE ARRANGED ON TWO SIDES FLEXIBIY TO DEFINE THE SPACE FOR ANOTHER FUNCTION.

24m 18m 10m 0m 25m

30m

20m

10m

ARTEFACT 5 TRA

THE ARTEFACT EXPLORES COMBINATION OF STRUCTURAL C

TION RESULTS IN LEVEL DIFFERENC

20m

35m

20m

40m

AIN STATION

COMPONENTS IN DIFFERENT SCALES. THE COMBINA-

CE AND OVERLAP OF SPACE.

CARDBOARD CATHEDRAL IN NEW ZEALAND BY SHIGERU BAN

BAMBOO ROOF BY TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES

ARTEFACT 5: ENVELOP OF BUNDLE STRUCTURE 28

THE FORM OF THE ENVELOP IS INSPIRED BY TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES TO BUILD BAMBOO ROOF THAT BAMBOOS ARE SLICED TO HALF AND STACKED ON TOP OF EACH OTHER.

TYPE 0 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 4.26cm SPAN : 10m

DIAMETER OF PRIMARY STRUCTURE: 1500mm DIAMETER OF SUB STRUCTURE: 400mm *MAX DISPLACEMENT CONTROLLED UNDER 50mm

TYPE 1 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 3.13cm SPAN: 20m

TYPE 2.1 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 4.27cm SPAN: 35m

TYPE 2 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 3.53cm SPAN: 20m

TYPE 2.2 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 4.88cm SPAN: 35m

TYPE 3 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 4.62cm SPAN: 20m

TYPE 2.3 MAX DISPLACEMENT: 3.40cm SPAN: 35m

ARTEFACT 5: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS THE ANALYSIS IS CONDUCTED TO MAXIMIZE THE SPAN OF THE BUNDLE STRUCTURE BY TESTING DIFFERENT METHODS TO CONNECT THE SECONDARY MEMBERS.

Populaltion Density (ppl/km²) <307 307-1227 1227-2762 2762-4910 >4910

Altitude (m) 1-200 200-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-3890 Train station City without train station Airport Existing railway Abandoned railway

LOCATION OF TAIWAN

TOPOGRAPHY OF TAIWAN

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN TAIWAN

H:10-25m

HEIGHT H:5-24m

H:10-20m H:6-15m

H:6-18m

DIAMETER 5-18cm 5-10cm 5-15cm THICKNESS 0.5-1.5cm 0.7-1cm 2-4cm

3-8cm 8-20cm 0.4-1cm 1-3cm

Phyllostachys edulis Bambusa oldhamii Munro Bambusa stenostachya Phyllostachys makino Hay Dendroalamus latiflorus Munro

USAGE OF DIFFERENT BAMBOO SPECIES

DISTRIBUTION OF TOP 5 SPECIES OF BAMBOO IN TAIWAN

(M) 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 Epicenter Existing fault Potential fault

MAGNITUDE OF “9.21” EARTHQUAKE IN TAIWAN

BRIEF: BAMBOO IN TAIWAN LOCATED IN SOUTH EAST ASIA WITH THE SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE, TAIWAN HAS RICH RESOURCES OF BAMBOO OF DIFFERENT SPECIES AND LONG HISTORY OF BAMBOO PROCESSING.

1. BEFORE 1945

3. 1960-1975

5. 1986-2010

2. 1945-1960

4. 1975-1985

6. 2010-PRESENT

DURING JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD, EXPORT BAMBOO WARE, ESPECIALLY CHOPSTICKS TO JAPAN.

DIVERSIFY EXPORT CHANNELS AND ESTABLISH BAMBOO WARE MANUFACTURE COOPERATIONS.

IMPORT MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURE FROM ABROAD AND COOPERATE WITH JAPANESE COMPANIES WITH ADVANCED TECHNIQUE.

ENCOURAGE COLLABORATION BETWEEN INSTITUTES AND INDUSTRIES TO DEVELOP LAMINATED BAMBOO WARE.

18M

LOCAL ARCHITECTS START TO RESEARCH AND APPLY BAMBOO AS STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN DIVERSE PROJECTS.

3M 2004

1967

BAMBOO PROCESSING INDUSTRY AS A LABOUR INTENSIVE INDUSTRY RELOCATES TO CHINA BECAUSE OF RISING WAGES AND SHRINKING DEMANDS.

0.6M

2012 2010

1.7M

TIMELINE OF BAMBOO INDUSTRY

BRIEF: BAMBOO IN TAIWAN

THE BAMBOO INDUSTRY IN TAIWAN REACHES ITS PEAK TIME PRODUCING LARGE NUMBER OF BAMBOOWARES BACK IN THE 1960s. EXPERIENCING THE RELOCATION OF THE MANUFACTURE INDUSTRY IN THE PAST TEN YEARS, IT HAS GRADUALLY TRANSFORMED WITH THE CREATIVE INPUT FROM LOCAL ARCHITECTS TO USE BAMBOO AS A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIAL.

ANNUAL YIELD OF BAMBOO

Kaohsiung

Tainan

Taoyuan

Taipei

(ppl) 10500-30000 30000-46000 46000-64000 64000-82000 82000-100000

New Taipei

Taichung 4580

Abroad

Taipei Taoyuan 473 753 New Taipei 845

Other Counties

Taichung

(ppl)

NANTOU RESIDENTS MIGRATED TO OTHER MUNICIPALITIES IN 2019

Tainan 340 Kaohsiung 486

(%)

(ppl) Nantou

Altitude (m) 1-200 200-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-3890

NANTOU RESIDENTS MIGRATED TO OTHER MUNICIPALITIES IN 2019

Taiwan

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN NANTOU 2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

POPULATION OF NANTOU PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION AGED OER 65

TAICHUNG

YUANLIN

CAOTUN PULI

NANTOU

JIJI

COMMUTING TIME BY TRAIN IN TAIWAN Train station City without train station >3 hours 2-3 hours 1-2 hours <1 hour Existing railway Main road River

ZHUSHAN

COMMUTING TIME BY BUS/TRAIN IN NANTOU REGION

BRIEF: DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN TAIWAN ALIGNS WITH THE TOPOGRAPHIC CONDITION THAT MOST CITIZENS LIVE ALONG WEST COAST WITH THE LOW ALTITUDE. NANTOU, AS THE ONLY INLAND COUNTY, IS LACK OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION COMPARED WITH OTHER CITIES WITH SIMILAR POPULATION. NANTOU ALSO FACES THE CHALLENGES OF AGING POPULATION.

REQUIRED OCCUPIED CONSTRUCTION BUDGET LAND SCOPE

GROUND LEVEL STATION

GROUND LEVEL STATION UNDERGROUND STATION ELEVATED STATION PLATFORM ABOVE STATION EXISTING RAILWAY

UNDERGROUND STATION

ELEVATED STATION

PLATFORM ABOVE STATION

TYPE OF TRAIN STATIONS

PROs & CONs

ZHUDONG TRAIN STATION

YILAN TRAIN STATION

AREA: 1080 m2 PASSENGERS PER DAY: 1,021 ppl TREND: -2.12%

AREA: 2300 m2 PASSENGERS PER DAY: 9,564 ppl TREND: -0.76%

YUANLIN TRAIN STATION

HUALIEN TRAIN STATION

AREA: 6080 m2 PASSENGERS PER DAY: 17,164 ppl TREND: +3.29%

AREA: 15700 m2 PASSENGERS PER DAY: 30,653 ppl TREND: +11.36%

DOULIU TRAIN STATION

TAITUNG TRAIN STATION

AREA: 2683 m2 PASSENGERS PER DAY: 12,828 ppl TREND: -1.35%

AREA: 9000m2 PASSENGERS PER DAY: 12,052 ppl TREND: +11.61%

BRIEF: CASE STUDY OF TRAIN STATION

SIX TRAIN STATIONS IN CITIES OF SIMILAR POPULATION WITH NANTOU CITY ARE STUDIED. IN BOTH HUALIEN AND TAITUNG TRAIN STATIONS, A TREND OF INCREASING PASSENGERS IS OBSERVED BECAUSE OF THE AMBIENT RESOURCES OF TOURISM. NANTOU IS ALSO AMONG THE TOP TOURISTS ATTRACTIONS IN TAIWAN. HENCE THERE IS GREAT POTENTIAL TO PROPOSE RAILWAY SYSTEM IN NANTOU.

EARTHQUAKE EXTENSION RESISTANCE FLEXIBILITY

PROPOSED MAIN PROGRAMME TRAIN STATION + BUS TERMINAL

R=12km

POTENTIAL USERS’ PROFILE

27.6%

COMMUTERS TRAVELLING BETWEEN NANTOU AND NEARBY CITIES

R=1km R=1km

R=1.5km

37,445

R=1km

INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC TOURISTS VISIT NANTOU PER DAY

R=1.5km

POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

R=1km

12%

R=1km

LOCAL FARMERS IN NANTOU COUNTIES

R=1km CITIES/TOWNS IN NANTOU COUNTY CITIES/TOWNS IN NEARBY COUNTIES

R=1.5km

NaNtou is famous for its high-quality agricultural products. the agriculture sector iN taiwaN used to rely oN exports to NeighbouriNg couNtries, which exposed itself to trade frictioNs related to the uNcertaiN political situatioN iN taiwaN. heNce, it is esseNtial to diversify the retail chaNNels both at home aNd abroad. while the traditioNal mode of the supply chaiN uNavoidably suppress farmers’ iNcome aNd eNcourage the moNopoly of regioNal brokers, the proposed mode of farmers’ markets aNd trade ceNtre will provide aN iNtegrated platform with accumulated resources for iNdividual farmers aNd streNgtheN the coNNectioNs betweeN farmers aNd coNsumers.

POPULATION EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN NANTOU

TARGETS: 1. REDUCE RELIANCE ON EXPORTS 2. SUPPORT INDIVIDUAL FARMERS FARMERS’ INCOME

FOOD WASTE

TRADITIONAL MODE OF SUPPLY CHAIN

PROPOSED MODE OF DIRET SUPPLY

IDEA EXCHANGE

10%

NANTOU CITY

DOMESTIC EXPORTED ALTITUDE

0 0.2 0.5 1

30%

97%

CHINA JAPAN HONG KONG

2 3km

TYPICAL FARM PRODUCTS IN DIFFERENT CITIES/ TOWNSHIPS IN NANTOU

PROPOSED ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMES

HOW MANY PINEAPPELS WERE EXPORTED AND TO WHICH COUNTRIES/REGIONS IN 2019?

BRIEF: PROPOSED PROGRAMME ALONGSIDE THE TRAIN STATION AND BUS TERMINAL, A FARMERS' MARKET IS PROPOSED AS AN ADDITIONAL PROGRAMME TO SUPPORT THE INDIVIDUAL FARMERS IN NANTOU.

PROXIMITY TO CITY CENTRE

PROXIMITY TO ABANDONED RAILWAY

PROXIMITY TO EXISTING BUS TERMINAL

PROPOSED TRAIN STATION EXISTING BUS TERMINAL AFFECTED NEIGHBOURHOOD PROPOSED RAILWAY ABANDONED RAILWAY MAIN ROAD 0

SITE LOCATION IN NANTOU CITY

500

1000m

MINIMAL IMPACT TO EXISTING NEIGHBOURHOOD

2 1

BUILDING HEIGHT 10-30m 30-50m <10m >50m PROPOSED SITE ZHONG XING ROAD

BUILDING PROGRAMME RESIDENTIAL GOVERNMENTAL

HYBRID CULTURAL

RETAIL RELIGIOUS

20 (m)

TYPICAL ELEVATION ON THE WEST SIDE OF ZHONG XING ROAD BRIEF: SITE INVESTIGATION

THE SITE IS MAINLY OCCUPIED BY LOW-RISE SHOP HOUSES. IT LOCATES AT THE EAST EDGE OF THE CITY CENTRE, OCCUPYING BY LARGE-SCALED SUPERMARKETS AND A GAS STATION .

DEPARTURE/ARRIVAL HALL BUS TERMINAL FARMERS’ MARKET “UGLY FOOD” RESTAURANT ADMIN & BOH

PROGRAMME ARRANGEMENT

ARRANGE THE MASSING PARALLE TO THE RAILWAY

APPLY BUNDLED BAMBOO SECTIONAL PROFILES TO THE MASSING

BULGE OUT THE FRONT FACADE TO PROVIDE SUN SHADING

DIFFERENTIATE THE HEIGHT OF MAIN HALL AND SIDE HALLS

SUBDIVIDE THE MASSING BASED ON THE WIDTH OF STRUCTURAL BAYS

ELEVATE THE ENVELOPE TO DEFINE ENTRANCES

EXPLORATION: MASSING A MIDDLE-RISE MODULAR SYSTEM PERPENDICULAR TO THE RAILWAY IS APPLIED, ALLOWING THE OVERALL MASSING TO BE BETTER INTEGRATED WITH THE URBAN LANDSCAPE.

STEP1: SET GRID & DIVISION POINT

STEP2: MEASURE DISTANCE

STEP3: SORT DISTANCE WITHIN 50m

DIVISION POINT DISTANCE BETWEEN POINTS MAIN ROAD DENSITY OF PEDESTRIAN FLOW

DIVISION POINT DISTANCE MAIN ROAD

STEP4: MAP PEDESTRIAN FLOW DENSITY TO GRID

PEDESTRIAN FLOW ANALYSIS AT THE FORECOURT OF THE TRAIN STATION

PASSENGERS OF TRAIN STATION PASSENGERS OF BUS TERMINAL GENERAL PUBLIC VEHICLE PUBLIC VERTICAL CIRCULATION SERVICE VERTICAL CIRCULATION

DIVIDE THE STATION TO THREE ZONES

CONNECT THE NEIGHBOURHOOD ON BOTH SIDES

GROUND FLOOR CIRCULATION OF THE TRAIN STATION

EXPLORATION: CIRCULATION 38

THE PEDESTRIAN FLOW ANALYSIS IS CONDUCTED TO DEFINE THE LOCATION OF ENTRANCES AND PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES IN THE TRAIN STATION.

DISTRIBUTE ESCALATORS TO PLATFORMS EQUALLY

MATERIAL PALETTE

ENVELOPE HIGH-TECH TEXTILE HIGH-TECH TEXTILE

BAMBOO PRIMARY STRUCTURE BUNDLED BAMBOO

LAMINATE BAMBOO

BRACING STRUCTURE BAMBOO SAND STONE

FLOOR SLABS/ FOOT BRIDGES LAMINATE BAMBOO

BRIDGE STRUCTURE BUNDLED BAMBOO

PLINTH SAND STONE

EXPLODED STRUCTURE SYSTEM

EXPLORATION: OVERALL STRUCTURE SYSTEM A MIDDLE-RISE MODULAR SYSTEM PERPENDICULAR TO THE RAILWAY IS APPLIED, ALLOWING THE OVERALL MASSING TO BE BETTER INTEGRATED WITH THE URBAN LANDSCAPE.

SET UP STRUCTURAL GRID PERPENDICULAR TO RAILWAY

PLAN STRUCTURAL MEMBERS ON THE PERIPHERY ALIGN WITH THE MASSING CURVATURE PLAN

STRUCTURAL MODULE 1

PRIMARY STRUCTURE CONSISTS OF TWO MODULES

STRUCTURAL MODULAR STRUCTURAL MODULE 2 APPLY BRACING MEMBERS TO PRIMARY STRUCTURAL MODULES

EXPLORATION: OVERALL STRUCTURE SYSTEM 40

A GRID PERPENDICULAR TO THE RAILWAY IS ADOPTED WITH TWO TYPES OF STRUCTURAL MODULES IN THE MIDDLE AND ON THE PERIPHERY RESPECTIVELY.

EXPLORATION: DIAGRAMMATIC SECTION THE SPATIAL ORGANISATION IS EXPLORED THROUGH DIAGRAMMATIC SECTIONS. THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE APPLIES THE BUTTRESSING PRINCIPLE WHILE VARYING THE BUTTRESSING LOCATION. DIFFERENT ENVELOPE STRATEGIES ARE TESTED AS WELL.

EXPLORATION: FRAGMENT OF MAIN PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE 42

THE STRUCTURE OF THE PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES, UPPER FLOOR AND ENVELOPE ARE EXPLORED IN A SERIES OF FRAGENT STUDY.

300mm

200mm

500mm

700mm

900mm

EXPLORATION: INDIVIDUAL MODULE THE INDIVIDUAL MODULE ADOPTS BUNDLING MEMBERS WITH SECTIONAL PROFILES DECREASING TOWARDS THE TOP. THE BRACING MEMBERS SERVE AS THE SECONDARY STRUCTURE.

EXPLORATION: STRUCTURAL HIERARCHY ALONGSIDE THE SECONDARY BRACING MEMBERS, A GROUP OF DIAGONAL MEMBERS ARE APPLIED TO SUPPORT THE CANTILEVERED MEMBERS AT THE TOP. THE STRUCTURE OF PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE IS INDEPENDENT OF THE OVERALL STRUCTURE.

WARM AIR FRESH AIR SUNRAY RAINWATER PATH

RAINWATER COLLECTION SUMMER SOLSTICE 14:00 SOLAR ANGLE: 65°

SUMMER SOLSTICE 16:00 SOLAR ANGLE: 35°

MAIN HALL OF TRAIN STATION

FARMERS’ MARKET

14:00 65°

12:00 45°

16:00 35°

12:00 45° SUMMER SOLSTICE SUN ANGLE

WINTER SOLSTICE SUN ANGLE:

EXPLORATION: ENVIRON 46

SUN SHADING AND NATURAL VENTILATION DURING DIFFER ERED TO ENSURE THE INDOOR THERMAL COMFORT. RAINW

SUMMER SOLSTICE 10:00 SOLAR ANGLE: 65°

SUMMER SOLSTICE 08:00 SOLAR ANGLE: 35°

50(m)

WEST ELEVATION

NMENTAL RESPONSE

RENT PERIODS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR ARE CONSIDWATER IS COLLECTED BY THE ENVELOPE TO BE REUSED.

SECTION OF TYPICAL MODULE 1

300mm

500mm

300mm

500mm

700mm

200mm 900mm

900mm

SECTION OF BUNDLED STRUCTRE DEVELOPMENT: INDIVIDUAL MODULE 1 48

THE INDIVIDUAL MODULE ADOPTS BUNDLING MEMBERS WITH SECTIONAL PROFILES DECREASING TOWARDS THE TOP. THE BRACING MEMBERS SERVE AS THE SECONDARY STRUCTURE.

SECTION OF TYPICAL MODULE 2

300mm

500mm

300mm

500mm

5 700mm

700mm

200mm 900mm

900mm

SECTION OF BUNDLED STRUCTRE

DEVELOPMENT: INDIVIDUAL MODULE 2 THE INDIVIDUAL MODULE ADOPTS BUNDLING MEMBERS WITH SECTIONAL PROFILES DECREASING TOWARDS THE TOP. THE BRACING MEMBERS SERVE AS THE SECONDARY STRUCTURE.

4 3 5 6

1 2

DEVELOPMENT: NODE CONDITION 50

THE NODE CONNECTION MAINLY ADOPTS LASH JOINTS AND COMB JOINTS TO AVOID CRACKING ON BAMBOO.

TYPICAL PLINTH 1

CONCRETE INFILL STEEL REBAR SAND STONE CONCRETE

TYPICAL PLINTH 2

SECTION OF TYPICAL PLINTH 2

TYPICAL PLINTH 3

BAMBOO CONCRETE INFILL STEEL ANCHOR ROD

TYPICAL PLINTH 4

ELEVATION OF TYPICAL PLINTH 2 DEVELOPMENT: PLINTH PLINTH OF DIFFERENT TYPES IS ADOPTED ACCORDING TO VARIOUS BUNDLED COMPONENTS. THE SECONDARY BRACING COMPONENTS ARE TIED TO THE PLINTH BY STEEL ANCHOR RODS.

FEATURES OF PVC-COATED POLYESTER -STRONG & DURABLE -WATERPROOF -LOW FLAMMABILITY -LIGHTWEIGHT -DIRT REPELLENT SURFACES -SUITABLE FOR SEWING

6-7m 1

PVC-COATED POLYESTER 10mm STEEL ROD CONNECTOR

10mm STEEL ROD CONNECTOR

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

ON-SITE ASSEMBLY OF ENVELOPE SYSTEM

DETAILS OF ENVELOPE SYSTEM

DEVELOPMENT: ENVELOPE

MULTI-LAYERED PVC-COATED POLYESTER IS USED AS THE MAJOR MATERIAL FOR THE ENVELOPE. THE FRAMING SYSTEM ALLOWS THE ENVELOPE TO BE TRANSPORTED EASILY AND ASSEMBLED QUICKLY ON SITE.

STEP 7: INSTALL FRAMES OF THE ENVELOPE

STEP 1: ASSEMBLE INDIVIDUAL BAMBOO POLES TO BUNDLED STRUCTURE

STEP 8: FIX THE PVC-COATED POLYESTER ONTO THE FRAMES

1m overlap STEP 6: INSTALL TERTIARY DIAGONAL BRACING MEMBERS TO THE PRIMARY BUNDLED STRUCTURE

STEP 2: INSERT AND FIX STEEL REBARS FROM THE BOTTOM OF BUNDLED STRUCTURE STEP 5: INSTALL SECONDARY DIAGONAL BRACING MEMBERS TO THE PRIMARY BUNDLED STRUCTURE

STEP 4: CONSTRUCT TEMPORARY BAMBOO SCAFFOLDING TO SUPPORT THE BUNDLED STRUCTURE STEP 3: INSTALL BUNDLED STRUCTURE TO THE PLINTH

ODU

S CES PRO Y L B

AN OF

AL M IDU

IND

ASS

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE OF OVERALL STRUCTURE

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE OF AN INDIVIDUAL MODULE

DEVELOPMENT: ASSEMBLY THE DIAGRAM SHOWS THE CONSTRUCTION/ ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE OF ONE SINGLE MODULE AND THE OVERALL STRUCTURE.

1,2

SECTION OF PEDESTRIAN

PLAN OF PEDESTRIAN 3

DEVELOPMENT: FRAGMENT OF

THE FRAGMENT FOCUSES ON THE STRUCTURAL WITH THE SECOND FLOOR ABOVE THE BRIDGE. N ULE ARE ALSO IN

BRIDGE STRUCTURAL MODULE

N BRIDGE STRUCTURE

F MAIN PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

MODULE OF THE MAIN PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE NODES AND ENVELOPE SPECIFIC TO THIS MODNVESTIGATED.

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC VIEW OF PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE STRUCTURAL MODULE

COPING UNIT TACTILE PAVING PRECAST CONCRETE DECK STEEL SUPPORT BEAM

100mm DOUBLE GLASS HYDRAULIC LIFT SAND STONE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE CONCRETE SLAB

BALLAST DRAIN TRACK

AIR INTAKE DUCT AIR RETURN DUCT GYPSUM BOARD AIR VENT GRILLE SPOT LIGHT STAINLESS STEEL PORTAL

CONCRETE PLINTH PAD FOUNDATION FLUID TANK/ CONTROLLER

CONCRETE SLAB WATERPROOF MEMBRANE GRAVEL

SECTION OF LIFT AREA 0

2 (m)

DEVELOPMENT: FRAGMEN

THE FRAGMENT FOCUSES ON THE WAITING AREA O DEFINES THE WAITING AREA AND ALLOWS CONT PLATFORM LEVEL. THE CIRCULAR SKYLIGHTS ALLOW

BAMBOO 10mm STEEL REBAR SANDSTONE PLINTH SANDSTONE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE CONCRETE SLAB

GF PLAN

CEILING PLAN

SECTION OF PLINTH 0

B1 PLAN 2 (m)

NT OF BUS TERMINAL

OF THE BUS TERMINAL. THE CIRCULAR WALL TINUOUS VERTICAL CIRCULATION FROM THE W DAYLIGHT TO PENETRATE TO THE B1 LEVEL.

FINAL DRAWING: AERIAL VIE

THIS VIEW SHOWS THE LOCATION OF THE TRA TO THE STATION FROM

EW OVERLOOKING NANTOU CITY

AIN STATION WITHIN THE CITY AND THE APPROACH M THE EAST FORECOURT.

FINAL DRAWING: EXTERIOR VIEW WITH

THE NIGHT VIEW EMPHASIZES THE TRANSLUCENCY FECT AT NIGHT. THE SUNKEN LANDSCAPE AT THE FO TO THE SEMI-OUTDO

H APPROACH TO MAIN ENTRANCES

Y OF THE ENVELOPE AND THE LIGHTING EFORECOURT DIRECTS THE PEDESTRIAN FLOW OOR MARKETS.

FINAL DRAWING: INTERIOR VIEW FA

THIS VIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE LAYERING EFFECT TURE AND THE INTEGRATION OF MECHANICAL THE LAMINATED BA

FACING THE MAIN PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

T OF THE ENVELOPE, BUNDLED BAMBOO STRUCL APPLIANCES SUCH AS LIFTS AND ESCALATORS TO BAMBOO FLOOR SLABS.

FINAL DRAWING: INTERIOR VIEW

THIS VIEW SHOWS DIFFERENT SPATIAL EXPERIEN DESTRIAN BRIDGE AND THE OPEN VIEWING PLAT VARYING CEILING HEIGHTS AND

OVERLOOKING THE PLATFORM

NCE AT THE RESTAURANT ON THE MAIN PETFORM ON THE UPPER FLOOR, ACHIEVING BY THE EXTENT OF ENCLOSURE.

FINAL DRAWING: INTERIOR VIEW

THIS VIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE SUNKEN ENTRANCES FLOW INTO INTERIO

TOWARDS FARMERS' MARKET

S FOR THE MARKET THAT ALLOW EXTERIOR TO OR NATURALLY.

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2021 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

UNIT @unit14_ucl

I N N E R F O R M 2 0 2 1

G14 is a test bed for architectural exploration and innovation. Our students examine the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. As a unit, we are in search of new leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital and physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation and design research, generating momentum through astute synthesis. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, generates new, unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals. IAt the centre of this year’s academic exploration was Buckminster Fuller’s ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’: a master-builder who follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal as somebody who is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of his or her discoveries without disappearing into a career of expertise. Like Fuller, PG14 students are opportunists in search of new ideas and architectural synthesis. They explored the concept of ‘Inner Form’, referring to the underlying and invisible but existing logic of formalisation, which is only accessible to those who understand the whole system and its constituents and the relationships between. This year’s projects explored the places where culture and technology interrelate to generate constructional systems. Societal, technological, cultural, economic and political developments propelled our investigations and enabled us to project near-future scenarios, for which we designed comprehensive visions. Our methodology employed both bottom-up and top-down strategies in order to build sophisticated architectural systems. Pivotal to this process was practical experimentation and intense exploration using both digital and physical models to assess system performance and application in architectural space. Thanks to: DaeWha Kang Design, DKFS Architects, Expedition Engineering, Hassel, Knippers Helbig, RSHP, Seth Stein Architects, University of Stuttgart/ ITKE and Zaha Hadid Architects.

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2021 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl