Andrei-Ciprian Cojocaru_Y5 | Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture by UNIT 14

ANDREI-CIPRIAN COJOCARU YEAR 5

UNIT

Y5 ACC

ETERNUM HYDE PARK

@unit14_ucl

All work produced by Unit 14 Cover design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2020 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

@unit14_ucl

ANDREI-CIPRIAN COJOCARU YEAR 5 Y5 ACC

andrei.ciprian.18@alumni.ucl.ac.uk @unit14_ucl

E T E R N U M HY D E PA R K London, United Kingdom

he project is a proposal for alarge urban cemeterylocated in Hyde Park, London. Understanding the scarcity of urban burial spaces within the city of London, the project provides a look into how such a building would become apart of the city, inhabiting the underground of Hyde Parkdue to its centralizedlocation. Planned for a life span of 20 years, the building continuously develops over time in order to gradually provide the required number of spaces. In order to accommodate such large number of spaces, the building extends deep into the underground of Hyde Park, reaching 15 floorsat the completion of the initial phase.A total of 50.000 new spaces are proposedfor the 20-yearspan, allowing further 5.000 spaces in the extension phase.

Average 30m 7.4m

Direction of Tunnel

Extraction

148m

TUNNEL BORING MACHINE - SECTION Underground tunnels are constructed using TBMs. They have a cutter head that digs through the ground, while the rest of the machine extracts the dug soil and allows concrete panels to be installed as the construct of the tunnel. Different cutter heads are used depending on the type of soil; eg. Earth Pressure Balance - Clay Digging and Mix Shield - River Bed (Chalk)

Earth Excavating Mechanism

Excavated Earth

Conveyor Belt

Control Cabin

Screw Conveyor

Shield

Flatbed Rail Core Trailer Structure ( M&E Equipment)

Side Rollers

Segment Feeder

Hydraulic Cylinders Cutting Chamber

Cutter Head

Cast Concrete Segment Feeder

TUNNEL BORING MACHINE - COMPONENTS Tunnel Boring Machines are composed of three main zones : Excavation Zone , Segment Feeder and Flatbed Rail Core. Each zone is dedicated to one of the necessary stages of tunnel boring. Aditionally, structural components are integrated inside the tunnel to accomodate worker access and control of the machine. Parallel to the excavation, materials need to be fed to the tunnel, as well as the earth that needs to be extracted out.

Earth

n Cutti g Cutter Head

Conveyor Belt

ics

Hydraul

Gantr p

Tra n

sfe r

Pick-U

Hydraulic Cylinders

Gantry System

TUNNEL BORING MACHINE - FUNCTIONS As the TBM digs into the soil, it uses the screw conveyor to extract and dispose of the excavated earth. Using the pre-cast reinforced concrete panels, the new openings are fitted and the tunnel walls are constructed along the way. Tracks are fitted as well, which are used to provide materials as well as for the removal of the excavated earth. The tunnel becomes a live site of continuous extraction and construction.

Mains Electricity

Sewerage

First system was done in 1866

21m

Mail Rail

Opened in 1927 and has been closed since 2003

24m

Underground Opened in 1863

30m

Thames Tideway

Will be a 25km tunnel under the Thames. To open in 2024

36m

Deep-Level Shelters Air raid shelters built during WWII

40m

Thames Water Ring Main Is a major part of London’s major water supply infrastructure

70m

Lee Tunnel

Part of Thames Tideway scheme, it is a sewage processing tunnel in East London

LONDON UNDERGROUND LAYERS London is rich in underground infrastructure and has been developing diverse underground structures to provide the neccessary infrastructures that allows the city to function. Ranging from standard sewerage, to the forgotten Mail Rail, and new projects that are yet to be completed like the Crossrail and Thames Tideway.

Entrance

Lift

Ticket Box

Service

Platform

35m

CANARY WHARF STATION SHORT SECTION The station features a great concrete outer shell which acts as the retaining structure for the station. Three openings are present in the stations, which are used for entrances.

Porticullis House Underground Station

Part of the JLE Develoment

Escalator Box

WESTMINSTER STATION SECTION

Entrance

Service

CANARY WHARF ST

As one of the greatest stations of the JLE project, Can Wharf Tower was in height. The building is designed by F was c

Entrance

313m

Platforms

TATION LONG SECTION

nary Wharf station was longer than the neighbouring Canary Fosters + Partenrs and has been open since 2000 when the JLE completed.

Perspective of ‘The Box’ at Westminster 01

Diaphragm Wall

Beam Bracing

Concrete Columns

Secondary Column System and Bracing

Steel Beams

Concrete Wall Structure

WESTMINSTER BOX CONSTRUCTION The Westminster Underground space, also called ‘‘The Box’’ is one of the best examples of the great constructions of the JLE. These new spaces were also called cathedral spaces, due to the scale of the underground constructions and their appearance.

PROTOTYPICAL SPACE - BEAM BRACING DESIGN The underground space is designed with beams that run across the interior opening, to allow the retaining walls to be supported and resist the forces of the earth arround. Natural light is also an important factor that needs to be allowed within the underground structure, thus having large opening in the floor plates, to allow natural light to flood the interior.

Retaining Wall / Diaphragm Wall

Supporting Beams

Plan of Prototype

Above Ground Structure

Retaining Wall / Diaphragm Wall

Walkable Concrete Beam

Internal Timber Finish

Sectioned Isometric of Floor Beams

PROTOTYPICAL SPACE 01 - PLAN AND SECTIONED AXONOMETRIC Based on a Reuleaux Triangle, the underground prototype is designed to withstand the forces of the earth and retain the interior spaces. Beams run along the interior in a spaced and mesh-like design to provide the require strenghtening. The main precedent for this prototype is Westminster Station which had this construction method for it’s box.

ABSTRACTION - BRIDGE BEAM ARRANGEMENT Working with the structural beams as bridges, the folowing image visualises a large structural arangement of bridges that intertwine and go deep into the underground.

Supporting Lift Shaft Structure

Retaining Wall / DIaphragm Wall

Supporting Beams

Concrete Lift Shaft Supporting Column

Above Ground Structure

Walkable Beams

Retaining Wall / DIaphragm Wall

Internal Circulation Stair

Vertical Circulation

PROTOTYPICAL SPACE 02 - VERTICAL CIRCULATION AND SUPPORT Based on a Reuleaux Triangle, the underground prototype is designed to withstand the forces of the earth and retain the interior spaces. Beams run along the interior in a spaced and mesh-like design to provide the require strenghtening. The main precedent for this prototype is Westminster Station which had this construction method for it’s box.

Concrete Floor and Beam

Base Concrete Floor

Vertical Circulation

FLOOR PLATE ARRANGEMENT AND CIRCULATION The floor plates act as support for the retaining walls around as well as circulation. Each floor plate has penetrations to allow light to the lowest floors from the outside.

Concrete Roof

Interior Wall Finish

Retaining Wall

PROTOTYPICAL SPACE 03 - SECTIONED AXONOMETRIC All floor and roof openings are the same to allow light to penetrate through. Retaining walls are also supported by them. This space is exploring the use of large underground spaces and how they can inhabit daylight activities.

Outdoor Construction

Underground Construction

PROTOTYPICAL SPACE 03 - OUTSIDE FOOTPRINT The exterior footprint of the structure is the same size as the retaining walls. The only part that is extruded out of the ground is the roof, which allows for the structure to be found, and also allow it to have a presence, allow for entrances and daylight.

Glazing

Lift and Structural Support Column

PROTOTYPE 03 - PERSPECTIVE SECTION The roof of the building provides the sheltering of the spaces, with large glazed panels to allow as much light as possible during the daytime. Interior lights still need to be used to create a space that feels open and inviting.

Concrete Roof

Lighting

1100mm

Concrete Support Structure

Steel Deck Flooring

Concrete Floor Finish Services

Timber Balustrade

I-Beam Encased in Concrete

WALKING BRIDGE DETAIL As the floor plates are designed as walking bridge beams, their interior construction needs to permit both retaining wall support, self support and people. Steel beams run inside the concrete beams for strenghtening and stability. They also serve the purpose of connecting and retaining the exterior walls.

Southgate Islington and St Pancras East Finchley

Abney Park

r ne In

Highgate

on nd Lo

City of London

Willesden

Tower Hamlets

Kensal Green

Brompton

Greenwich

Barnes Nunhead St. Mary

Lambeth

Brockley

Camberwell

West Norwood London Road

Cemetery

Part of Magnificient 7

Full

Critical

Unknown

Problematic

Adequate

Sustainable

*Ref. An Audit of London Burial Provision - Report by Julie Rugg and Nicholas Pleace, Cemetery Research Group, University of York

MAP OF CEMETERY AVAILABILITY Inner London cemeteries are full, while demand is in growth. Greater London availability varies. Due to land costs, Central London cannot provide new burial grounds, while the existing ones are full. Central London has The Magnificient 7 Cemeteries, which are known for their appearance. These are still unused, due to the inavailability.

Burial

Jewish

Muslim

Buddhism

Hindu

Sikh

40%

69%

99%

16%

10%

Christian

Buddhism

Muslim

Jewish

Hindu

Sikh

60%

31%

84%

90%

OTHER

NON-RELIGIOUS

68%

50%

OTHER

NON-RELIGIOUS

32%

50%

Burial/Cremation Preference by Religion

*Ref. An Audit of London Burial Provision - Report by Julie Rugg and Nicholas Pleace, Cemetery Research Group, University of York

Affected Boroughs

24139

24057

23257

9244

9789

7756

29621 21781

11973 13100

27367

970

309

7795 5271

16363 17737

5493

10503

29621

33971

27669

11162

38927

29300

9078

8225

Total Inner London : 330 948

9116

Total Inner London : 116 614

New Burial Space Needed (2010-2030)

Projected Deaths(2010-2030)

*Ref. An Audit of London Burial Provision - Report by Julie Rugg and Nicholas Pleace, Cemetery Research Group, University of York

min.900

*Ref. An Audit of London Burial Provision - Report by Julie Rugg and Nicholas Pleace, Cemetery Research Group, University of York

120

610

1220

460

Standard Grave

450

270

min. 1500

Cremation

Christian

Standard Cremation

Standard Grave Stacking

*Ref. Cemetery Regulations per Local Council

BURIAL DEMAND AND REQUIREMENTS Most Religious and Non-Religious people prefer burial as opposed to cremation. Cremation can also be buried, requiring smaller spaces. Inner London’s needs projected until 2030, is approx. 58 307 new burial spaces. The total projected deaths for the next 10 years is 165 474. Burial spaces dimesions can determine the scale and need for a specific site and how it can provide a great impact in the city. Due to the re-use of burial spaces that have passed 99years since it was bought, they are used to accommodate new needs. The building would need to provide 40% of the need for the projected 10 years.

Paris Context

110 Acres / 445,154sqm

Urban Occupation

PERE LACHAISE PARIS - URBAN SCALE OF CEMETERIES The Pere Lachaise is the first and largest cemetery in Paris. It is the most visited cemetery in the world, with 3.5 million visitors per year. At a total of 45 ha, it occupies a large urban space that accommodates 70,000 burial spaces. In comparison, Hyde Park in London occupies a total area of 142 ha.

Secondary Users

Most Used

Site

Inne

r Lon

don

Affected Area

Approx 40000m2

Hyde Park

SELECTED SITE AND CONTEXT The chosen site is within Hyde Park. Central London is the most affected by the lack of burial ground space; as the central london land is more expensive, the construction will occupy underground space, with a smaller footprint and cost. Hyde Park is chosen as a site, to accommodate the immediate areas as well as provide spaces for the rest of Inner London.

MARBLE

ARCH

Marble Arch

ER ROAD BAYSWAT

Sackler

SERPENTINE ROAD Serpentine

Memorial

KENSINGTON ROAD

Memorial

One Hyde Park

EXHIBITIO N ROAD

Transport Links

Circulation

Points of Interest

To Face East To Face MECCA

OTHER

Sackler Gallery

ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM AND CONTEXT RESEARCH The location allows the cemetry to use vacant land and be central to the area in need. The underground spaces will be split by religion to allow specific spaces to be made available for the traditions to be carried out. A common entrance from street level to provide access for all visitors and staff will also factor in as the only outdoor space.

CHURCH OF ENGLAND - CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS Part of 48.4% London Christians (2011 CENSUS)

ORTHODOX - CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS Part of 48.4% London Christians (2011 CENSUS)

Each one serves a parish – so even if the person who has died was not a churchgoer, they will have lived within the parish of Church of England church nearest to them.

When the casket is taken from the wake to the church for the Orthodox funeral service, a priest carrying a censer will lead a procession of mourners to the church while reciting the Trisagion Hymn. A priest or bishop will lead the proceedings, and a deacon, a sub-deacon and an altar server may all be present during the ceremony.

A Church of England funeral service can take place almost anywhere, including a church, cemetery, crematorium, or woodland burial site. The person who died need not be a churchgoer or a member of the Church of England to have this type of Christian funeral service, and neither does the person arranging the funeral.

A procession to the cemetery will begin as the Trisagion Hymn is sung again. Just before the burial, the priest may pour olive oil and earth in the shape of a cross on the coffin to represent passages in devotional texts.

If cremation is chosen, all or part of the funeral service may take place at the crematorium chapel or church. Following the cremation, the church minister or vicar may lead the service and recite prayers when it is time for the interment of ashes. Ashes may be buried in a cemetery, buried on private land or placed within in a columbarium.

Cremation is forbidden in Orthodox funerals. The family can be refused a religious funeral if their loved one has been cremated.

The Church of England’s order of service is sometimes known as a funeral liturgy. This is the order of events that take place during the funeral, from the arrival of the person in their coffin, to the hymns, prayers led by the minister and Bible readings for a Church of England funeral. The funeral service may also include a eulogy or speech from friends and family members. Funerals can be personalised or kept traditional.

After an Orthodox funeral, a reception called Makaria is usually hosted by the bereaved family or the congregation. This can take place at the family home, a restaurant or at the church hall.

Parish Church

Liturgy Readings

Reciting

Wake

Church

Reciting

Transfer to Cemetery

Prayers

Burial

Transfer to Cemetery

Reciting

Burial

MUSLIM TRADITION 12.39% of London Population (2011 CENSUS)

JEWISH TRADITION 1.82% of London Population (2011 CENSUS)

In general most Islamic funerals follow a traditional running order. Firstly, mourners will congregate in the courtyard, prayer room or study room of the mosque and recite Islamic funeral prayers.

A Jewish funeral can take place at a synagogue, a funeral home or a gravesite and will usually last between 15 to 60 minutes. Mourners can expect a Jewish funeral service to start with a eulogy read by the rabbi, leading to various prayers, psalms and hymns. When the funeral service is finished, the mourners should follow the hearse to the place of burial.

After an Islamic funeral, following the completion of the funeral prayers, the congregation will line up in rows and pass the coffin from shoulder to shoulder towards the gravesite for burial. Non-Muslim mourners should keep at a respectful distance to allow the coffin to be carried.

Once at the burial site, the rabbi will lead mourners in the recitation of a hymn. Any fraternal, military or civil rights requested by the family will take place here.

For a Muslim burial, the grave should be perpendicular to Mecca, the Islamic holy city, with the person placed on their right side facing Mecca. While the person is being placed into the grave, mourners recite a prayer.

After the coffin has been lowered into the ground, members of the bereaved family, and occasionally some other guests, will pour a handful of earth onto the coffin.

Wood and stones are placed on top so that the soil does not come into direct contact with the person. The imam may recite another prayer, and each mourner will then throw a handful of soil into the grave.

Following the Jewish burial, a reception is usually hosted at the synagogue or at the bereaved family’s home, where a consolation meal is prepared by friends or members of the congregation.

Pre-Funeral Traditions

Mosque

Funeral Prayers

Synagogue

Eulogy

Prayers

Readings

Transfer to Cemetery

Burial Prayers

Transfer to Cemetery

Reciting

Burial

Services Provided by Cemetery

RELIGIOUS BURIAL TRADITIONS

er ne

Burial Preference

Buddhism

28 29

T EE

R ST

69%

1% S EN

29 6

Hindu

Sikh

16%

10%

OTHER

NON-RELIGIOUS

68%

50%

0.6%

20.73%

23.9m

TCBs

99%

Jewish

REET

UR O TB ES

LANCAS TER TE RRAC E

s ew y

22 26

K ST BROO

40%

20.1m

Muslim

Christian

S 4 EW M T EX ES SS W SU

1 to 86

Maitland Court

24.4m

7 23

Chester House

ry he rn Arc ve ) Ta (PH

H AT

ACE ON PL REND

235

s' ch

Clare

23.7m

24.4m

Shelter

Royal Lancaster Hotel

23.6m

te ter Ga Lancas nd Station) rou (Underg

Victoria Gate

Shelter

21.9m

TCBs

Lodge

Population

TCBs

WAT

BAYS

18.5m

19.9m

ROAD

ourne

Westb

Gate

24.4m

N RO

ROMA

48.4%

Shelter

12.39%

1.82%

Lodge

Buckhill Gate

1.5% e

orough

Marlb

PCs

No rth

Stone

Rid

Gate

Stone

Queen Anne's Alcove

Burial Precentage - Population Percentage Proportions 16.7m

alk

th W

Nor

25.1m

Pond

D Fn

es's We

St Agn

Play Area

Pond Fn

25.4m

Garden Earthworks

The Fountains

16.8m

Statue

Pond Fn

North Ride

17.2m

25.0m

Christian Reception

Jewish

WEST CAR

17.6m

RIAGE DRIVE

Muslim Columbarium

24.0m

16.5m

Garden Earthworks

path

Sun Peter Pan

Stones

Statue

Ponds

North Ride

Construction Entrance

Pond

g on

Bu ck

Hill

17.4m

Middle Bastion

ter

21.0m

MASTERPLAN DIAGRAM 15.2m

e Ho rs

18.8m

Rid

The Serpentine The proposal provides spaces for the requirments of each of the main religions. Looking proportionally at the percentages Serpentine of population by religion and burial preference, the spaces allocated to each religion are proportional to the requirement.Sackler Each religion quarter will be planned to accommodate traditions as well as provide a solution to the requirements of Gallery burial grounds.

21.1m

(site of)

TIER I

Drawer Walls - All religions

Customisation for Cover Stones £2500 per Unit

TIER II

Traditional Burial Space - All religions

Customisation for Gravestones Space for Individual Personalisation Boundary £50,000 per Unit

TIER III

Private Burial Crypt - All religions

Customisation for Gravestones Private Personalised Space Dedicated Entrance and Circulation Dedicated Lift Dedicated Service Area Dedicated Cemetery Transfer £1,000,000 per Unit

TIERS OF BURIAL SPACE DIAGRAM - OPTIONS AND COST Three types of burial spaces are used in the proposal. Each of the tier offers different and/or additional options to suit the variety of taste and need. Each space ranges in size depending on the price.

Retention Beam Usable Space During Phase II

Diaphragm Wall

Incremental Cost

Diaphragm Wall

Usable Space During Phase III

Retention Beam

Incremental Cost

Usable Space During Phase IV

Diaphragm Wall

Column Depth for Future Extension

Diapgrahm Wall Depth for Future Extension

Incremental Cost Construction Cost Increments

Future Extension

Phase IV - Floors Proportional to Cost and Profit

Diapgrahm Wall Depth for Future Extension

CONSTRUCTION PHASING DIAGRAM The construction phases of the proposal are established to allow continuous use of the building. As the process of the building is projected to surpass 20 years, the evolution of the construction is to be done gradually. The main point of

Completion of Project

Phase III - 5 Underground Floors

Retention Beam

Phase II - 5 Underground Floors

Retention Beam

Minimal Construction for Use

Retention Beam

Phase I - 5 Underground Floors

Diaphragm Wall

Temporary Construction Zone

Diaphragm Wall

Initial Construction Cost

Temporary Construction Zone

SITE MASSING ITERATION The relationship between the park level and the building subterranea is done with the use of an integrated lower park, acting as in interstitial space. Providing a separation from park level which encourages descent into the undeground building. Interstitial spaces are then created which further support the relationship between the buildings.

DESIGN STUDY - INTERSTITIAL SPACE Study interstitial treatments between buildings. Connections between park level and lower park level are explored further with lifts.

T EE

20.1m

ay ilr

23.7m

24.4m

29 30

Shelter

Royal Lancaster Hotel

23.6m

te ter Ga Lancas nd Station) rou (Underg

Victoria Gate

Shelter

21.9m

TCBs

Lodge M EL

WAT

BAYS

18.5m

Club

urne

Westbo

Gate

24.4m

N RO

ROMA

61 63

Lodge

Shelter

Buckhill Gate e

Rid

h Ga

ug rlboro

PCs

No rth

Stone D Fn

Stone

Queen Anne's Alcove

16.7m

alk

th W

Nor

25.1m

Pond

D Fn

es's We

St Agn

Play Area

HIC

Pond Pond

AC C

ESS

25.4m

Garden Earthworks

The Fountains

16.8m

Statue

Pond

rgro Tun und ne Ca l r

UNDERGROUND PARKING

MAIN ENTRANCE

North

rgro Tu und nn el Car

Ride

17.2m

UNDE

RGRO PARK UND ING

CHRISTIAN CEMETERY

25.0m

JEWISH CEMETERY

LOWER PARK

WEST CAR

17.6m

COLUMBARIUM

R PA

RIAGE DRIV

IT EX

MUSLIM CEMETERY

SECONDARY ENTRANCE 24.0m

Peter Pan

Stones

Garden Earthworks

DE R PA GRO RK ING UND

16.5m

de rg Tu rou nn nd el Ca r

Statue

Depot

Ponds

North Ride

ng Lo

Hill

e Th

17.4m

ter Wa

Middle Bastion

21.1m

(site of)

21.0m

15.2m

The Serpentine

e rs

18.8m

Rid

Serpentine Sackler Gallery

Bank

19.9m

AD ER RO

1 to 4

h oroug Marlb House Gate

S W ME

TCBs

Cyc

le W

20.1m

ay Trough D Fn

Cycle Hire Station

SCALE 1:1250 Car Park

ROOF PLAN Access is done from park level for visitors and by tunnel for the private hearse services. Private chauffeur access is done through the same tunnels, which connect the building to the main street, and allows direct access for crypt owners.

Burial Cabinets

Crypt Access

t yp

Coffin Transfer Lift

Atrium

Sho wro

tra En

Burial Spaces

Cir cu

lati o

Atrium

Crypt

Crypt Access

ance Entr

ARK RP

E LOW

Circulati on

lati o

Entrance

Cir cu

Circulation

ance Entr

Atrium Urn Depository

Crypt

Crypt Access

SCALE 1:1000

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN

ETERNUM HYDE PARK

- ETERNUM -

AERIAL

HYDE PARK-

L VIEW

- ETERNUM -

SOUTH EL

HYDE PARK-

LEVATION

- ETERNUM -

PERSPECTIVE SECTION THRO

HYDE PARK-

OUGH CHRISTIAN CEMETERY

- ETERNUM -

PARK AP

HYDE PARK-

PPROACH

- ETERNUM -

INTERSTITIAL

HYDE PARK-

L PARK SPACE

- ETERNUM -

CHRISTIAN CEMETERY - BALCON

HYDE PARK-

NY VIEW OF INTERSTITIAL PARK

- ETERNUM -

BRIDGE CO

HYDE PARK-

ONNECTION

- ETERNUM -

VIEW OF

HYDE PARK-

F ATRIUM

- ETERNUM -

TOP FLOOR EV

HYDE PARK-

VENING VIEW

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2020 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

UNIT @unit14_ucl

S Y S T E M I C I M PACT

2020

he focus of this year’s work is the awareness that architecture can affect at deepest systemic leveland the understanding that architectural proposition is in itself a system of interrelated constituentswhere the findings of interdisciplinary systems theory apply. This knowledge opens a way to a method-driven approach that can materialize in architecture of great performance and considered expression while driving architectural authorship and novelty. We will aspire to reinstate the designer’s engagement with all aspects of the system’s constituents aiming for impactful architecture delivered by the negotiation of the interacting entities that define the unified spatial whole. Societal, technological, cultural, economic as well as political developments will propel our investigations with a deep understanding of how they interlink. This will shape our strategies and heuristics, driving synthesis. The observation as well as re-examination of civilizatory developments will enable us to project near-future scenarios and position ourselves as avant-garde in the process of designing a comprehensive vision for the forthcoming. We will find out about how human endeavour, deep desire and visionary thought interrelate while they advance cultural as well as technological means, driving civilisation as highly developed organisation. Futurist speculation inspires and ultimately brings about significant change. Supported by competent research we will aim for systemic impact and amplify found nuclei into imaginative tales with architectural visions fuelled by speculation. Our methodology employs both bottom up and top down strategies in order to build up sophisticated architectural systems and will be tailored to the individual problem. Pivotal to this process and to fight charlatanism is the concept of practical experimentation – and intense exploration through both digital and physical models that aims to assess system performance and its direct application to architectural space. The emphasis on applied research fuels the process of design and allows us to develop highly considered architectural propositions with great momentum. Thanks to: Zaha Hadid Architects, DKFS Architects, Seth Stein Architects, Orms Designers and Architects, Cundall Engineers, Knippers Helbig, DaeWha Kang Design, AL_A, Innochain, Langstaff Day Architects

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2020 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl