-
CONNOR JAMES YEAR 5
UNIT
Y5 CJ
LONDON GATEWAY
@unit14_ucl
All work produced by Unit 14 Cover design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2021 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.
@unit14_ucl
CONNOR JAMES YEAR 5 Y5 CJ
conna_j06@hotmail.co.uk @connorbeckett
LO N D O N G AT E WAY London, UK
M
y project seeks to investigate two themes and synthesise them into an architectural proposal.
Freeports as a mechanism of post Brexit/covid UK economic activity, and consideration toward the developing global climate crisis. To blend the two seemingly opposing ideals, the intention is to combine infrastructures and programs relevant to each to propose a new hybrid. The outcome essentially being a new urban zone facilitating physical but also conceptualising the export of intangible assets of service based trade, situated atop a new flood defence system.
A slowdown in the global economy since the Financial Crisis of 2008 has fed international efforts to provide favourable conditions for economic growth. Special economic zones (SEZs) are part of this international incentive strategy. Nearly 5,400 globally by the latest estimates, with 1,000 new zones appearing in the last five years. Freeports are spatially within but legislatively exempt, owing to this specific condition the project speculates toward hyper free market conditions and their manifestation spatially.
3
4
Section: THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
/01
BARC0010: Advanced Architectural Design II
5
BARC0010
Fig/21 : New South Wales: Jeremy Piper, 2020
Human-induced warming reached approximately 1°C above pre-industrial levels in 2017, increasing at 0.2°C per decade. Global warming is defined as an increase in combined surface air and sea surface temperatures averaged over the globe, 1.5°C warmer than the average of the 51-year period 1850–1900. (Allen et al., 2018).
6
Advanced Architectural Design II - 04 -
2020 / 2021
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
SECTION / I
UCBQCJ2
UCBQCJ2
Th e 3 ° Wor l d : E ur ope ’s C ha ng i ng C l i m a t e
• • • • •
Increase in warm temperature extremes Decrease in summer precipitation Increase in water temperature Increasing risk of forest fires Decrease in economic value of forests
Northern Europe • • • • • • • • •
IV
Temperature rise much larger than global average Decrease in snow, lake and river ice cover Increase in river flows Northward movement of species Increase in crop yields Decrease in energy demands for heating Increase in hydro-power potential Increasing damage risk from winter storms Increase in summer tourism
North Western Europe • • • • • •
II
Sea level rise Increase in sea surface temperatures Increase in ocean acidity Northward expansion of fish & plankton species Changes in phytoplankton communities Increasing risk for fish stocks
Increase in winter precipitation Increase in river flow Northward movement of species Decrease in energy demand for heating Increasing risk of river and coastal flooding Increasing damage risk from winter storms
Mountain Areas • • • • • • •
Advanced Architectural Design II - 05 -
IV
Temperature rise larger than European average Decrease in glacier extent and volume Decrease in mountain permafrost areas Upward shift of plant and animal species High risk of species extinction in Alpine regions Increasing risk of soil erosion Decrease in ski / winter tourism
Mediterranean Region • • • • • • • • • • • •
III SECTION / I
Central & Eastern Europe
• • • • • •
IV
2020 / 2021
Temperature rise much larger than global average Decrease in Arctic sea-ice coverage Decrease in Greenland ice sheet Decrease in permafrost areas Increasing risk of biodiversity loss Intensified shipping and exploitation of resource deposits
Coastal Zones & Regional Seas
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
• • • • • •
I
BARC0010
The Arctic Region
IV
Temperature rise larger than European average Decrease in annual precipitation Decrease in annual river flow Increasing risk of biodiversity loss Increasing risk of desertification Increasing water demand for agriculture Decrease in crop yields Increasing risk of forest fire Increase in mortality owing to heat waves Expansion of habitats for disease carrying insects Decrease in hydro-power potential Shift in tourism seasons
7
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
Population Effected by Nation
1.79 Million km2 :
10 - 50 +
Million
1-9
Million
500 - 999
Thousand
100 - 499
Thousand
200+ Million :
1 - 99
Thousand
People Displaced Globally
Land Lost Globally
No Data
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Advanced Architectural Design II - 06 -
2020 / 2021
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
SECTION / I
Th e 3 ° Wo r l d - Y: 2100 : Gl oba l E f f e c t Hi e ra rchy
UCBQCJ2
Th e 3 ° Wo r ld - Y:2 1 0 0 : Lo n d o n at R is k
Communities :
Natural Conservation :
Located within the Thames tidal flood plain are critical energy, transport and water infrastructure, supporting the needs of communities and businesses in London and the South East.
1.3 million people living in the floodplain are vulnerable if current defences were to fail. 16 hospitals, as well as numerous fire and police stations are also at risk. This means response and recovery could be unavailable to those affected.
There are many protected ecological sites at risk of flooding. Flood water can contain pollutants and debris which can damage natural habitats. It can interrupt hibernation patterns and deprive animals of food sources.
Commerce :
Central & Local Government :
Heritage & Culture :
London contributes £250 billion to the UK economy annually. The economic costs of flooding to London’s financial and business services sectors would be losses to the nation as a whole.
The central government district of Whitehall is wholly within the natural Thames floodplain. The Houses of Parliament and the Greater London Authority’s City Hall are too.
There are over 3100 hectares of sites across the estuary floodplain with heritage value. These bring in around £15 billion annual revenue from tourism. This would be highly sensitive to flooding.
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
SECTION / I
Vital Infrastructure :
Advanced Architectural Design II - 07 -
9
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
On 7 January 1928, as well as places further downriver. Fourteen people died and thousands were made homeless when flood waters poured over the top of the Thames Embankment and part of the Chelsea Embankment collapsed. It was the last major flood to affect central London,
10
Advanced Architectural Design II - 08 -
2020 / 2021
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
SECTION / I
U K - L ondon : The Gr e a t F l ood 1928
UCBQCJ2
U K - L o n d o n : Po t e n t i a l E f f e c t e d C u l t u ra l I n f ra s t ru c t u re s
2020 / 2021
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THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
SECTION / I
: Monuments
: Listed Buildings
: Museums
Advanced Architectural Design II - 09 -
11
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U K - Lo n d o n : Pot e nt i a l E f f e c t e d Tra ns por t I nf ra s t r uc t ur e s
:
131 km
Distance Out of Flood Zone
:
463 km
Total Distance in Greater London
:
594 km
Percentage in Flood Risk
:
22 %
Thames Estuary Flood Plain
:
TFL Road Network Inside Flood Zone
:
TFL Road Network Outside Flood Zone
:
Distance In Flood Zone
:
115 km
Distance Out of Flood Zone
:
684 km
Total Distance in Greater London
:
799 km
Percentage in Flood Risk
:
14 %
III
Mainline Rail Stations :
37
Number Out of Flood Zone
:
284
Total Number in Greater London
:
321
Percentage in Flood Risk
:
12 %
Thames Estuary Flood Plain
:
Station Within Flood Zone
:
Station Outside Flood Zone
:
Railway Lines & Tunnels
:
BARC0010
Number In Flood Zone
IV
Underground Lines Distance In Flood Zone
:
88 km
Distance Out of Flood Zone
:
362 km
Total Distance in Greater London
:
450 km
Percentage in Flood Risk
:
19 %
V
Underground Stations
12
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
II
Mainline Railway Lines
Number In Flood Zone
:
72 km
Number Out of Flood Zone
:
225 km
Total Number in Greater London
:
297 km
Percentage in Flood Risk
:
24 %
Bakerloo Line
:
Central Line
:
Circle Line
:
District Line
:
Hammersmith & City Line
:
Jubilee Line
:
Northern Line
:
Picadilly Line
:
Victoria Line
:
Waterloo & City Line
:
Docklands Light Railway
:
Thames Estuary Flood Plain
:
Station Within Flood Zone
:
Station Outside Flood Zone
:
Advanced Architectural Design II - 010 -
2020 / 2021
Distance In Flood Zone
SECTION / I
I
Simplified TFL Road Network
UCBQCJ2
UK - E n g la nd : F l ood De f e nc e S pe ndi ng by Count y
10°00.000’W
8°00.000’W
6°00.000’W
4°00.000’W
2°00.000’W
0°00.000’
2°00.000’E
4°00.000’E
SECTION / I
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
50°00.000’N
50°00.000’N
52°00.000’N
52°00.000’N
54°00.000’N
54°00.000’N
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
56°00.000’N
56°00.000’N
58°00.000’N
58°00.000’N
60°00.000’N
60°00.000’N
12°00.000’W
8°00.000’W
6°00.000’W
4°00.000’W
2°00.000’W
238,000
0°00.000’
2°00.000’E
943,587,000 £4,371,018,000 : Total England Flood Defence Spending
Advanced Architectural Design II - 011 -
13
UCBQCJ2
River Thames and North S
Scale 1:400000 0
14
5
10
15
20
25
BARC0010
30
35
40
45 2020 / 2021
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
SECTION / I
Sea Estuary Ariel
0
50 km
15
UCBQCJ2
Th am e s E s t ua r y 2100 Pl a n : TE 2100
Shoeburyness
London SECTION / I
River Thames
Sheerness
BARC0010
Thames Estuary Flood Plain
Scale 1:400000 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50 km
Projection: British N ational Grid
£275 Billion :
551,000 :
1.3 Million :
50,000 + :
Residential Property Value
Residential Properties
People
Commercial Properties
Phase One
2012
Phase Two
2035
Phase Three
2050
TH DOWNS NATION AL PARK
16
•
Maintain and improve current flood risk management assets including walls, gates, embankments and pumps.
•
Protect land needed for future improvements to flood defences.
•
Monitor changes in estuary conditions.
•
Raise existing flood walls, embankments and smaller barriers
•
Select and construct most effective option for the future of the Thames Barrier
•
Reshape the riverside through development, to improve flood defences, create habitat and improve access to the river.
•
Adapt other flood risk management assets to work in conjunction with the barrier to protect the estuary.
Advanced Architectural Design II - 013 -
2100
2020 / 2021
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
Teddington
UCBQCJ2
Tha m e s E s t u a r y 2 1 0 0 P l a n : T E 2 1 0 0
01 | 2019 I
Phase One : Monitoring Review
Gathering data on how the estuary is changing and reviewing first ten years of the plans implementation against original recommendations.
Reviewing and updating recommendations for the plan based on the outcomes of the monitoring and economic reviews.
09 | 2019
Reviewing how much habitat will need to be compensated for and monitoring changes in designated biodiversity protected sites.
Reviewing how development along the river front has contributed to delivering improved flood defences and wider environmental and social benefits.
Workshops with stakeholders to understand which outcomes involved parties would like the updated plan to deliver.
2020 / 2021
Using new projections of sea level rise (UKCP18) to update predictions of future extreme event scenarios.
SECTION / I
Phase Two : Economic Review
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
II
Using monitoring data to update the costs and benefits of the plan and review the requirements for an updated plan.
BARC0010
Using output of the monitoring review to review the flood risk management policies in the plan.
06 | 2020 III Phase Three : TE2100 Plan Update Using the outcomes of the reviews to update the recommendations and produce the new updated plan.
Gaining approval to implement a new programme of improvement work to flood defences in the estuary. Reviewing and updating recommendations for the plan based on the outcomes of the monitoring and economic reviews.
07 | 2021 Holding a public recommendations.
consultation
on
the
plan
2022
Advanced Architectural Design II - 014 -
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Section: SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH BARC0010: Advanced Architectural Design II
18
/02
UCBQCJ2
Scale Evolution of The Container Ship
(LOA - Beam - Draft) Containers Across
Early Containerships (1956 -)
6
137x17x9m
4
500 - 800 TEU
A
4
200x20x9m
Fully Cellular (1970 -) 1000 - 2,500 TEU
215x20x10m
8 10
Containers High on Deck
5
Containers High Below Deck 4
Panamax (1980 -)
13
3,000 - 3,400 TEU
6
250x32x12.5m
B
5
Panamax Max (1985 -) 8
300x40x13m
4,000 - 6,000 TEU
9
17 Bays
5
C
17 Post Panamax II (2000 -) 340x43x14.5m
6,000 - 8,500 TEU
9
20 Bays
6 19-20
D
New-Panamax (2014 -) 12,500 TEU
366x49x15.2m
2020 / 2021
15 Post Panamax I (1988 -)
SECTION / 02
6
17 Bays
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
290x32x12.5m
10
22 Bays
6 22
BARC0010
3,400 - 4,500 TEU
10 397x56x15.5m
VLCS (2006 -)
23 Bays 8
11,500 - 15,000 TEU
23 10
E
400x59x16m
ULCS (2013 -)
24 Bays 8
18,000 - 21,000 TEU 24 MGX-24 (2019 -)
400x61x16m
21,000 - 25,000 TEU
Advanced Architectural Design II - 016 -
10 24 Bays 8
19
UCBQC
Fig/12 : The Maersk Triple E: A
Advanced Architec
20
- 017
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-
2020 / 2021
RESEARCH && BRIEF DEVELOPMENT SHIPPING PORT RESEARCH
SECTION/ /02 I SECTION
CJ2
Alastair Philip Wiper, 2014.
ctural Design II
21
BARC0010
Fig/12 : The Maersk Triple E: Alastair Philip Wiper, 2014.
22
Advanced Architectural Design II - 018 -
2020 / 2021
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
Fig/13 : The Maersk Triple E: Alastair Philip Wiper, 2014.
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
UCBQCJ2
Fig/14 : The Maersk Triple E: Alastair Philip Wiper, 2014.
Advanced Architectural Design II - 019 -
23
24
2020 / 2021
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Fig/15 : The Maersk Triple E: Alastair Philip Wiper, 2014.
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
UCBQCJ2
Fig/16 : The Maersk Triple E: Alastair Philip Wiper, 2014.
Advanced Architectural Design II - 020 -
25
UCBQCJ
Primary Global Shipping R
North America
South America
Worlds Largest P By Annual Carg + / - 10 Million Tons + / - 100 Million Tons + / - 500 Million Tons
Advanced Architectu
26
- 021 -
J2
R o u t e s & L a r g e s t Po r t s
Europe
Australia
2020 / 2021
Africa
BARC0010
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
Asia
Ports - 2020 go Volume : : :
ural Design II
27
UCBQCJ2
G lo b al Po r ts - To p R a nk i ng : B y Vol um e TE U 2019
Top 50 Ports - 2020 By Share of Volume
Europe 14.8%
China 40.4%
United States 3.9%
Remainder of World 4.2%
Other East Asia 30.9%
Top Import Countries 2020
United States $1,645
United States $2,361 Billion
Germany $1,486
China $2,140
Germany $1,135
Japan $644
Worlds Businest Ports Volume By Million TEU, 2020
Shanghai
Singapore
Shenzhen
Ningbozhoushan
Busan
37.1
30.9
24.0
21.6
19.9
Hong Kong
Guangzhou
Qingqao
Jebel Ali
Tianjin
19.8
18.9
18.1
15.7
14.5
Klang
Rotterdam
Kaohsiung
Antwerp
Dalian
13.2
12.4
12.4
10.0
9.6
Xiamen
Hamburg
Los Angeles
Tanjung
Keihin
9.6
8.9
8.7
8.3
7.6
G lo b al Por t s by Vol um e TE U
28
Advanced Architectural Design II - 022 -
Netherlands $721
UK $616
S.Korea $573
2020 / 2021
China $2,498 Billion
BARC0010
Top Export Countries 2020
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
Middle East & Africa 5.8%
UCBQCJ2
Rank
Corporation
Offices Globally
Number Employees
Number of Ships
TEU Capacity
Market Share : 2020
APM - Maersk
Netherlands
135
100,000 +
705
40,97,480
17.7 %
02
Mediterranean Shipping Company
Switzerland
150
28,000 +
550
30,860,000
14.5 %
03
China Ocean Shipping Company
China
40
28,000 +
500
30,22,882
12.5 %
04
CMA - CGM
Fra n c e
650
110,000 +
560
30,15,200
11.4 %
05
Hapag - Lloyd
Fra n c e
126
12,996 +
235
17,24,565
7.3 %
06
ONE - Ocean Network Express
Ja p a n / S i n g a p o r e
120
14,000 +
224
15,71,702
6.6 %
07
Evergreen Marine Corp
Ta i wa n
315
4,960 +
95
12,79,000
5.2 %
08
Hyundai Merchant Marine
S o u t h Ko r e a
315
4,960 +
72
719,000
2.9 %
09
Yang Ming Marine Transport
Ta i wa n
70
1,668 +
92
623,000
2.7 %
10
ZIM Integrated Shipping Services
I s ra e l
67
3,500 +
80
3,56,000
1.8 %
BARC0010
01
2020 / 2021
Base of Operations
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
G l oba l S hi p p i n g C o r p o ra t i o n s - To p R a n k i n g : 2 0 1 9
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UCBQCJ2
UK : M a j or Por t L oc a t i ons
10°00.000’W
8°00.000’W
6°00.000’W
2°00.000’W
4°00.000’W
60°00.000’N
12°00.000’W
0°00.000’
2°00.000’E
4°00.000’E
60°00.000’N
Sullom Voe
58°00.000’N
58°00.000’N
Orkney
Tyne Sunderland
Cairnryan
Tees & Hartlepool
54°00.000’N
54°00.000’N
Belfast
Heysham
Warrenpoint
Goole
Liverpool
Holthead
River Trent
Hull Rivers Hull & Humber Grimsby & Immingham
Manchester Boston
Ipswich Felixstowe Harwich
52°00.000’N
52°00.000’N
Great Yarmouth
Newport Milford Haven Port Talbot
Medway Ramsgate
Bristol London
Dover
Southampton Portsmouth Shoreham Newhaven 50°00.000’N
50°00.000’N
Poole
Fowey Plymouth
8°00.000’W
6°00.000’W
4°00.000’W
2°00.000’W
0°00.000’
United Kingdom Ports All Marked handled 2 Million+ tonnes of freight in 2019
30
Advanced Architectural Design II - 024 -
2°00.000’E
2020 / 2021
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
Loch Ryan Larne
BARC0010
56°00.000’N
56°00.000’N
Forth Clyde
SECTION / 02
Aberdeen Glensanda
UCBQCJ2
UK - E n g la nd : M a j or Port L oc a t i ons & Conne c t i ons
10°00.000’W
8°00.000’W
6°00.000’W
2°00.000’W
4°00.000’W
0°00.000’
2°00.000’E
4°00.000’E
54°00.000’N
54°00.000’N
Tees & Hartlepool
Heysham Goole
Liverpool
Holthead
River Trent
Hull Rivers Hull & Humber Grimsby & Immingham
SECTION / 02
2020 / 2021
Tyne Sunderland
BARC0010
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
56°00.000’N
56°00.000’N
58°00.000’N
58°00.000’N
60°00.000’N
60°00.000’N
12°00.000’W
Manchester Boston
Ipswich Felixstowe Harwich
52°00.000’N
52°00.000’N
Great Yarmouth
Newport Milford Haven Port Talbot
Medway Ramsgate
Bristol London
Dover
Southampton Portsmouth Shoreham Newhaven
50°00.000’N
50°00.000’N
Poole
Fowey Plymouth
8°00.000’W
6°00.000’W
4°00.000’W
2°00.000’W
Advanced Architectural Design II - 025 -
0°00.000’
2°00.000’E
31
UCBQCJ2
U K : C ount r i e s & Por t s by Tonna g e
UK Countries by Tonnage 2000 - 2019 England 332.9Mt
0%
Scotland 63.2Mt
+ 2% Wales
52.2Mt
+ 8%
Northern Ireland - 3%
BARC0010
Top 10 UK Ports by Tonnage 2019
32
Grimsby & Immingham
54.1Mt
- 3%
London
54.0Mt
+ 2%
Milfordhaven
35.0Mt
+ 13%
Liverpool
34.3Mt
+ 5%
Southhampton
33.2Mt
- 4%
Tees & Hartlepool
28.2Mt
- 2%
Felixstowe
25.3Mt
- 10%
Forth
25.2Mt
- 5%
Dover
23.4Mt
- 6%
Belfast
18.5Mt
- 2%
Advanced Architectural Design II - 026 -
2020 / 2021
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
27.0Mt
UCBQCJ2
Unitised cargoes can be very diverse, covering forest products, metals and metal goods, machines, electronics, food chemicals, raw materials, and investment and consumer goods, among others. Includes containers as well as a number of other modes of transportation.
Cargo Type : Roll On / Roll Off :
Cargo Type : Liquid Bulk :
Are cargo ships designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as cars, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using a platform vehicle, such as a self-propelled modular transporter.
These free-flowing liquid cargoes, which also include crude oil, liquefied natural gas and chemicals, are not boxed, bagged or hand stowed. Instead, they are poured into and sucked out of large tank spaces, known as the holds, of a Parcel Tanker.
London
Southhampton
Milfordhaven
Liverpool
Felixstowe
Tees & Hartlepool
Forth
Dover
Belfast
Medway
Rivers Hull & Humber
Hull
Bristol
Clyde
Manchester
Glensanda
Harwich
Port Talbot
Heysham
Hollyhead
Tyne
Aberdeen
Portsmouth
Warrenpoint
Orkney
Newport
Ipswich
Plymouth
Loch Ryan
Cairnryan
Larne
BARC0010
Grimsby & Immingham
2020 / 2021
Cargo Type : Unitised :
Grains, coal, sugar, cocoa, dry bulk cargoes cover a range of produce and raw materials that have two features in common: they are unpacked and are homogeneous. These two properties make it easier for dry bulk cargoes to be dropped or poured into the hold of a bulk carrier.
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
Cargo Type : Dry Bulk :
SECTION / 02
UK : M a j or Por t s by C a r g o Ty pe
54.1Mt Grimsby & Immingham
2.4Mt Ipswich
Advanced Architectural Design II - 027 -
33
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
34
Advanced Architectural Design II - 028 -
2020 / 2021
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
U K - Ca r g o Ty pol og i e s : 2019 S um m a r y
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
Unitised
BARC0010
Liquid Bulk
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
Roll On / Roll Off
Liquid Bulk
Ve s s e l s by C a r g o Ty pe
Fig/01 : Vessel Series, Hiepler, D & Brunier, F, 2014.
Advanced Architectural Design II - 029 -
35
UCBQCJ2
Unitised
BARC0010
Unitised
Fig/01 : Vessel Series, Hiepler, D & Brunier, F, 2014.
36
Advanced Architectural Design II - 030 -
2020 / 2021
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
Dry Bulk
SECTION / 02
Unitised
Ve s s e l s by C a r g o Ty pe
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
UK - 2021 Freeport Model : Press Coverage
Advanced Architectural Design II - 031 -
37
UCBQCJ2
G l oba l : S e a por t S E Z ’s by Na t i on
Bahrain Mauritius Morocco
01
Eritrea
01
Nigeria
02
26
02
China Latvia
18
Macau
Italy
04
02
05
The Bahamas 01
Turkey Costa Rica
21 Thailand
01
05
Uruguay
Monaco
Iran
01
07
Cyprus
Malta
05
02
01 USA
Luxembourg
293
01
Lithuania 07
Lebanon 02
Malaysia Bermuda
02 Portugal
SECTION / 02
01
01
Mongolia
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
05
Serbia 14
Japan 03 Russia Egypt Liberia
02 Tanzania
Panama Singapore
18
01 01
03
01
08
The United Kingdom
Finland
10
Belarus
Albania
06
02
03
Philippines
Venezuela
01
South Korea
Romania
United Arab Emirates
Hong Kong
BARC0010
Jamaica
01
Israel
01
05
02
03
03 Libya
Germany
01
02
Pakistan 01
Isle of Man
Dominican Republic
01
01
Colombia Croatia
05
02 Austria
Georgia
Spain
02
03
05
Brazil 01 Chile
Denmark
Switzerland
01
05
02 Ukraine Argentina
01
02
38
Canada
France
09
01
Greece
Sweden
Ireland
04
04
02
Advanced Architectural Design II - 032 -
2020 / 2021
Taiwan
03
Land Border toms Border Cus
UCBQCJ2
Car Factory
Fr e e por t F unctio n a lity : Ge n e ra l In c e n tive L e ve r s
Border and Factory LCar toms Border Cus
Cu s
to m s B o rd e r
Car Factory Retail Car Factory
Ca r : Ta r i f f = 2%
Car Factory
Exports
Car Factory Land Border toms Border Cus
Retail to m s B o rd e r
Retail Imports
nd Border CuLsa to m s B o rd e r
Retail
Freeport
d Border LanRetail Cu s to m s B o rd e r
Exports
Land Border toms Border Cus
Exports
Retail Land Border toms Border Cus
Cu s
Imports
Imports
Imports
E ng i ne : Ta r i f f = 15%
Fr e e por t
Freeport
Cu s
to m s B o rd e r
Exports
Imports
Imports
Exports
D ut i e s Pa i d
Tariff Inversion - Allows for intermediate input goods to be imported tariff free.
Warehouse
D ut i e s Pa i d
Retail to m s B o rd e r Dec Oct
Fr e e por t
Exports
Retail Imports
Retail Land Border ms Borde o t s r Cu
Exports
Imports
Dec Oct
Christmas Imports
Cu s
Christmas Imports
Retail Warehouse
2020 / 2021
to m s B o rd e r Dec Nov
Cu s
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
Oct Nov
Warehouse
BARC0010
to m s B o rd e r Christmas Imports
Exports
Christmas Imports
Nov Oct
Cu s
and Border LWarehouse toms Border Cus Dec Nov
Oct
Christmas Imports
Oct
Freeport
Land Border toms Border Cus
SECTION / 02
Land Border Christmas Imports
Land Border toms Border Cus
Nov
Dec
Exports
Imports
Processing Centre d Border LanRetail Cu s to m s B o rd e r Processing Centre
Domestic Imports
Land Border toms Border Cus
to m s B o rd e r
Exports
Imports
Cu s
Exports
Domestic Imports
Processing Centre
Warehouse
Land Border Cu s to m s B o rd e r
Exports
Imports
and Border LWarehouse toms Border Cus
Retail Land Border Processing toms Bor Cus Centre der
Imports
Land Border Fr e e por t D ut i e s Pa i d
Processing Centre
Processing Centre
Cu s
to m s B o rd e r
Duty Exemption - Permits products to enter an SEZ without incurring import tariffs or duties. Domestic Imports
Dec
Nov
Duty Deferral - Allows customs duties to only be paid when goods leave an SEZ and not on arrival.
Advanced Architectural Design II - 033 -
39
UCBQCJ2
UK - 2021 Freeport Model : Arrangement Example
Additional Underdeveloped Site
Additional Underdeveloped Site
Rail Terminal
Airport
Warehouse
SECTION / 02
Warehouse
Warehouse
Tax Site Existing Site Customs Site Outer Boundary
BARC0010
Distant Factory
Underdeveloped Site
45km
Warehouse
Underdeveloped Site
Warehouse
Underdeveloped Customs Site
Local Factory Primary Customs Site : Port Local Factory
45km The Sea
Government Freeport Model - Sea Port Example
40
Advanced Architectural Design II - 034 -
2020 / 2021
Government Freeport Model - Multi-Port Example
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
New Site
45km
UCBQCJ2
Imports
SECTION / 02
order Border B Border B or d e rder r Bor r Bo der rde Bo Bo rd er e rd rB Bo or de er rd
Exports
2020 / 2021
ties Du ies t Du
es Duties Duties Duti es Duti
uties Duties Duties ies D D u Dut t ies Du tie s
rB de or
es uti sD tie
Imports
o
rB
Duties Duties Duties Dut ties ies Du D uti es Du
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
Exports
Duties Dut ies Du tie sD ut
Duties ties Du ies t Du
Du tie sD ut i
es
ord er Bo rd er
s tie Du ies
r Border Border Border Borde Bord rder er B r Bo ord e er ord
er ord
Border Bo rder Bor der B
order Border Border rder B Bord r Bo er B rde ord r Bo e rB rde or Bo de rB
Bo rd er
rB de or
rder r Bo rde Bo
er rd Bo
B
UK - 2021 Freeport Model : Prospectus Directives
National hubs for global trade & investment
Promote regeneration& job creation
Create hotbeds for innovation
BARC0010
Government Objectives
Measurable Outcomes Increased innovation investment Increased productivity
Increased employment & wages in deprived areas near Freeport Increased economic activity
Increase in total trade throughout Increased investment within Freeport boundary, surrounding area and nationally
Indicative Outputs Port infrastructure improvements Businesses trading through Freeports Developments of floor space Job creation Remediated land Higher wages in freeport areas New business start-ups Creation of commercial space Business expansions Collaboration between local firms & education Infrastructure development
Indicative Activities Customs Benefits Investment in Innovation
Business support through tax relief’s & allowances Land remediation with simplified planning
Infrastructure both digital & physical Education & skills training
Baseline Local area characteristics : assets, vulnerabilities & needs
Advanced Architectural Design II - 035 -
41
BARC0010
Fig/41 : Galaxies Farming Along Filament’s, Like Droplets Along The Strands Of A Spiders Web: Thomas Saraceno, 2008
Intangible Export Opportunities “The ability to deliver services over a wire has circumvented the traditional constraint on the growth of trade, imposed by the need for physical proximity”, (Reinsdorf and Slaughter, 2009). Trade transactions include tangible products that are physically shipped and intangible commodities, services. Defined as, ”a production activity that changes the condition of a good or a person or that facilitates the exchange of products or financial assets”, (Vereinte Nationen et al., 2002). In the advanced globalized economy, intangible assets and high-technology investments make up a larger and larger portion of GDP. Accelerated technological advances of the past two decades have attributed growing importance toward “international transactions involving the creation, use, or ownership of intangible assets such as intellectual property”, (Reinsdorf and Slaughter, 2009). If intangible assets are “key constituents of the capital stock of a modern service-oriented economy”, (Corrado et al., 2005). The Prospectus objectives if actioned and achieved could contribute to the UK’s already substantial, “weightless economy”, (Quah, 1999). Linking to the proposed entrepreneurial state and bio-market creation, could Freeports export intangible commodities, knowledge, Information, Intellectual property and services ?
42
Advanced Architectural Design II - 036 -
2020 / 2021
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
SECTION / I
UCBQCJ2
UCBQCJ2
Networks & Spheres: Principles Of Connection Prospectus spatial definitions are intentionally flexible to maximise locality and encourage collaboration & commercialisation. To facilitate “translational research, skills development and data-sharing, linking start-ups, businesses and ports with academic institutions, innovation structures and accelerators”, (Gov. uk, 2020). The desired cross-sector interaction potentiates an expansion of assets considered within the freeport agglomeration effect. P.Sloterdijk’s Networks & Spheres theory and L.Feireiss can be used to consider the opportunities freeports offer relating to principles of connection. International trade Networks, and SECTION / I
localised Spheres comprising people, industries and natural assets. Both forms of connection coexist if Prospectus aspirations are achieved. Networks describe “long-distance unanticipated connections” deriving from local points, Spheres are useful for describing “complex atmospheric conditions”, (Sloterdijk, 2004). THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
points and links, but “complex ecosystems”, (Sloterdijk, 2004) in which forms of life “define their immunity by devising protective walls and inventing elaborate systems, artificial spheres of existence”,(Feireiss, 2013). Galaxies Forming Along Filament’s, Like Droplets Along The Strands Of A Spiders Web, a 2008 installation by Thomas Saraceno, refer to Fig/40 & 41. Provides a physical representation
2020 / 2021
Unlike Networks, Sloterdijk considers Spheres as more than the summation of
of Sloterdijk’s Networks & Spheres, if you touch a connector, the reverberation BARC0010
“moves quickly through the links and points of the network paths, but slowly through the spheres”, (Feireiss, 2013). Saraceno’s work reveals that by multiplying the connections and increasing proximity, the assembly will shift from a Network to a Sphere. “fabric is nothing but a finely woven network, between one thread and the next, depending on the density of the fibres”, (Feireiss, 2013). Concentrating activity and interdependency with other agents, the system becomes stronger, more resilient and effective, creating and sustaining physical, digital and resultant Interactions between the freeport and its connecting points. The multi-site Freeport boundary relates to Sloterdijk’s theory of Envelope’s, “Networks are good at stressing edges and movements; sphere’s at highlighting envelopes”, (Feireiss, 2013). The boundary considered a Sphere creates
Fig/40 : Galaxies Farming Along Filament’s, Like Droplets Along The Strands Of A Spiders Web, Thomas Saraceno, 2008
“protective walls”, an Envelope supported by external and lateral linkages, (Sloterdijk, 2004).
Advanced Architectural Design II - 037 -
43
UCBQCJ2
Lo n d o n - C om m e rc i a l I nf ra s t r uc t ur e s : Ke y B or oug hs
Enfield
Barnet Harrow
Haringey
Waltham Forest
Redbridge Havering
Brent
Camden
Hackney
Islington
Barking
Hillingdon Newham Ealing
City
Westminster Hammersmith & Fulham Kensington & Chelsea
Tower Hamlets
Southwark
Greenwich
Hounslow
Bexley
Lambeth Richmond On Thames
Wandsworth
Lewisham
Merton Kingston Bromley
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
SECTION / I
Croydon
London Office Floorspace By Borough, 2019 :
5,400 - 650 M2 649 - 268 M2 267 - 150 M2 149 - 90 M2
: :
BARC0010
:
• • • • • •
44
I
II
III
IV
V
The City
Westminster
Camden & Islington
Tower Hamlets / Canary Wharf
Lambeth & Southwark
Office Space : 7,740,000 m2
Office Space : 5,780,000 m2
Office Space : 2,294,000 m2
Office Space : 2,120,000 m2
Office Space : 1,780,000 m2
Finance Broking Insurance Legal Fund Managers Banking
• • • • •
Head Offices Real Estate Private Banking Hedge Funds Government
• • • • • • •
Creative Industries Finance Design Art Fashioin Architecture Media
Advanced Architectural Design II - 038 -
• • • •
Banking Media Legal Real Estate
• • •
Accountancy Consultancy Local Government
2020 / 2021
Sutton
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
SECTION / I
London - Commerci al In fra s tru c tu re s : P re -B re x it E m p loy m e n t
Advanced Architectural Design II - 039 -
45
UCBQCJ2
Lo n d o n - C o m m ercial In frastr uc t ur e s : E m pl oy m e nt S t a t i s t i c s
Professional, Scientific & Technical Wholesale & Retail
Mining & Quarrying
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing
Admin & Support Service
800 700
600
Electricity, Gas & Air Conditioning Supply
Human Health & Social Work
500
SECTION / I
400 300 200
Education
Manufacturing
Accommodation & Food Services
Real Estate
Arts, Entertainment & Recreation
Finance & Related Services
Transportation & Storage
Public Admin & Defence / Social Security
Construction
2010
46
2015
2019
Advanced Architectural Design II - 040 -
2020 / 2021
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
Information & Communication
100
BARC0010
Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management
•
Maintaining pace of growth and diversification with existing and emerging competitors. Competing successfully for global investment.
Investing in infrastructure systems which showcase London as a dynamic, efficient and liveable capital.
•
Bringing London businesses closer to new markets.
•
Mobilising the labour force of London and surrounding areas.
•
Prioritising and planning for integrated infrastructure provision – transport, communications, energy, ports, land. Set up to serve a growing population and diversifying business base.
•
Managing disruption to day-to-day operations of the city.
•
Selecting innovative mechanisms.
funding,
financing
and
delivery
•
Exploit new international visitors markets.
•
Addressing trends of declining real incomes.
•
Maintaining a leading position in a highly competitive market.
•
Preventing existing patterns of deprivation and poverty from being exacerbated and reinforced.
•
Ensuring infrastructure to exploit new markets (particularly airport capacity).
•
Preventing the displacement of low income populations to outer London and surrounding areas.
•
Continuing to deliver the quantum and quality of bed spaces to support growing visitor numbers.
•
Enhancing education, skills and training infrastructure for all.
• •
Regeneration and sustainable development of previously used sites.
Establishing mature governance structures focused on defining integrated strategic priorities for growth and diversification and enabling a results-based and flexible portfolio of implementation options.
•
Increased urban density and economies of scale.
•
•
Strong and vibrant metropolitan town centres and local economies.
Exploiting potential options for new fiscal arrangements to enhance funding opportunities and the scope for reinvesting London’s profits.
•
Overcoming the infrastructure deficit in areas with latent development capacity (e.g. Thames Gateway).
•
Ensuring long-term certainty for businesses and investors.
• •
Finding integrated solutions for tackling the chronic shortage of affordable housing and the knock on effect on labour supply.
Having in place risk mitigation strategies for governance change (e.g. the UK’s status in the EU, external shocks and changes to central Government policy such as immigration and planning).
•
Demonstrating availability of housing for potential inward investors.
•
Prioritising policies for regeneration and enabling effective delivery mechanisms.
SECTION / I
Continue to attract domestic and international visitors through a constantly changing visitor offer and the development of new cultural content.
Political.
Infrastructure. •
•
BARC0010
To become a future proofed, prosperous and resilient metropolis.
Land & Housing.
•
Reducing social and economic exclusion through job generation and creating good standards of living and quality of life.
2020 / 2021
•
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
Remaining The No.1 Visitor Location Globally.
Deprivation, Polarisation & Personal Incomes.
London’s Changing Role As A World City & European Capital.
UCBQCJ2
Th e 3 ° Wor l d - Y: 2100 : F ut ur e Pr oof i ng L ondon
Advanced Architectural Design II - 041 -
47
•
Generating long term growth, resilience and prosperity through economic diversity.
•
Nurturing new economic sectors and globally significant business specialism.
•
Reducing over-reliance on financial services whilst maintaining London’s role as Europe’s leading financial capital.
•
Attracting globally significant growth sectors to incubate and grow in London.
Global competition for major research investment.
•
Relative cost of R&D activities in London compared to other locations within the UK.
Maximising the potential of Opportunity Areas.
•
Eliminating scope for alienation of London Boroughs, communities and key stakeholders.
•
Ensuring core local policy priorities are complemented including education, housing and planning.
•
Overcoming physical, infrastructure, political and funding constraints faced by Opportunity Areas.
•
Spreading economic and social benefits to UK regions. Reinvesting in Greater London for the benefit of UK plc.
•
Releasing economic capacity through labour force growth and injecting human capital.
•
Enhancing social and cultural diversification.
Ensuring excellence in business support services and infrastructure.
•
Mitigating over dependence on London and forces of regional imbalance.
•
Providing affordable homes, services and amenities for an additional 2 million people.
•
Targeting and prioritising inward investment.
•
Identifying external (mis) conceptions of London and the associated political ramifications.
•
•
Enabling businesses (including SMEs) to operate efficiently and effectively – provision of affordable premises and excellence in quality of the city’s infrastructure.
Creating employment and skills for young people and vulnerable groups of society.
•
Securing buy-in from locations outside of London.
•
Caring for an increasing proportion of retirement age residents and managing higher levels of dependency.
•
Embedding a modern and future looking education and training system. Raising standards and supply a growing labour force with essential skills.
•
Challenging sectoral imbalance.
•
De-risking business processes to support London businesses to become more competitive.
•
Th e 3 ° Wo r ld - Y:2100 : F ut ur e Pr oof i ng L ondon
48
•
SECTION / I
Securing buy-in from locations outside of London.
Reduction in funding for research across Europe.
•
Developing a strategy which is meaningful to Boroughs and reflects local opportunities and priorities. Thinking globally, acting locally.
Advanced Architectural Design II - 042 -
2020 / 2021
•
•
•
THE CLIMATE SCENARIO
Identifying external (mis) conceptions of London and the associated political ramifications.
Build upon the reputation of London HEIs, alongside Oxford and Cambridge and other UK universities, to ensure that the city is a fulcrum for investment in research.
BARC0010
Mitigating over dependence on London and forces of regional imbalance.
•
Changing Business Demands & Needs.
•
•
Rapid Population Growth & In-migration.
Spreading economic and social benefits to UK regions. Reinvesting in Greater London for the benefit of UK plc.
Develop research capacity to ensure that London is a global node of innovation.
London & South East’s Dominant Role in UK Economy.
•
•
A City of Many Parts.
Research, Innovation & Intellectual Content.
London & South East’s Dominant Role in UK Economy.
UCBQCJ2
Section: SITE RESEARCH & ANALYSIS
/03
BARC0010: Advanced Architectural Design II
49
UCBQCJ2
UK - England : London Gateway Freeport Conglomerate
Greater London
BARC0010
23 km : Maximum Distance 45 km Port of Tilbury
London Gateway Port
Kent
50
Advanced Architectural Design II - 044 -
Essex
2020 / 2021
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
Ford Dagenham
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
SHIPPING & PORT RESEARCH
SECTION / 02
UK - England : London Gateway Freeport Conglomerate
Advanced Architectural Design II - 045 -
51
52
UCBQCJ2
Ariel Site Image
London Gateway Port
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
SITE RESEARCH & ANALYSIS
SECTION / 03
Proposed Site
Kent
Thames Estuary
Advanced Architectural Design II - 046 -
Essex
53
UCBQC
Pr op o s e d Tra n s p o r t L i n k
North East
Midlands
Willesden Junction Birmingham & The North
Stratford International Euston
Old Oak Common
St. Pancras
Rainham
Liverpool St. West
Paddington
Waterloo
Herne Hill
Bromley South
Sw Pa
South West
M25
Gatwick
South Coast
Transport links High Speed (HS) 1 Regional Crossrail Road Local National Rail Connections
Advanced Architec
54
- 047
CJ2
ks t o London Gateway
East Coast
Southend
SITE RESEARCH & ANALYSIS
London Gateway
Ebbsfleet
wanley arkway
2020 / 2021
SECTION / 03
Chelmsford
Faversham
BARC0010
Gillingham
M2
M20 Maidstone
Ashford Future Tr ansport links
Europe
High Speed (HS) 2 Regional Crossrail Road Local
ctural Design II -
55
Section: BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH BARC0010: Advanced Architectural Design II
56
/04
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
Clima te Ad a pt ive Ve rna c ul a r - Gl oba l : R e f e re nc e s
57 Advanced Architectural Design II
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
I Omune : Main
VIII Wagoya : Traditional
II Hafu : Gables
VIII Koshi Mado : Latticed
IV Taruki : Rafters V Hisashi : Opening Eaves
IV Amado : Storm Shutters IV Shoji : Sliding Panel
VIII Engawa : Veranda
IV Engawa : Veranda
VIII En-no-shita : Under-
IV Dodai : Foundation Sill
58
VIII Soseki : Foundation
Advanced Architectural Design II - 050 -
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
C lim ate A d a pt ive Ve r na c ul a r - Ja pa n : M i nk a Hous e
UCBQCJ2
II
Shell Brent Delta Rig
Skerryvore Lighthouse
III
Location :
Antarctica
Location :
North Sea
Location :
Inner Hebrides
Function :
Research Facility
Function :
Oil Production
Function :
Disaster Prevention
Human Capacity :
16 2009 - Present
Human Capacity :
160
In Service :
1976 - 2016
Human Capacity : In Service :
4 1844 - Present
BARC0010
In Service :
2020 / 2021
I
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
The Princess Elisabeth Research Station
SECTION / 04
H yb r id I nf ra s t r uc t ur e s - I ni t i a l R e s e a rch
Old London Bridget
IV
V
Tempelhof International Airport
Chengqi Lou
VI
Location :
London
Location :
Berlin
Location :
Yongding County
Function :
Bridge
Function :
Airport
Function :
Residential
Human Capacity : In Service :
500 1844 - Present
Human Capacity :
100,000
In Service :
1923 - 2008
Advanced Architectural Design II - 051 -
Human Capacity : In Service :
800 1709 - Present
59
UCBQCJ2
H yb r id In fra s t r uc t ur e s - UK : O l d L ondon B r i dg e
1209 - c1384
Circa 1500
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
1651 - 1666
BARC0010
1710
1727 - 1758
1761 - 1831
1831 - 1967
Old london bridge which once supported a population similar to that of a small town and developed to incorporate residential, commercial, spiritual and industrial programme. Several bridges named London Bridge have spanned the River Thames between the City of London and Southwark, The current crossing, replaced a 19th-century bridge, which in turn superseded a 600-year-old stone-built medieval structure. This was preceded by a succession of timber bridges, the first of which was built by the Roman founders of London.
60
Advanced Architectural Design II - 052 -
2020 / 2021
SECTION / 04
Circa 1600
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
Hybrid Infras tru c tu re s - Ge rma ny : Te mp le h o f A irp o rt
Tempelhof was designated as an airport by the Reich Ministry of Transport on 8 October 1923. The Nazi government began an enormous reconstruction in the mid-1930s. One of the airport’s most distinctive features is its huge, canopy-style roof extending over the apron, able to accommodate most contemporary airliners in the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s, protecting passengers from the elements and originally intended to also function as a seating area for air shows. Tempelhof Airport’s main building was once among the twenty largest buildings on earth
Advanced Architectural Design II - 053 -
61
UCBQCJ2
Flo o d I nf ra s t r uc t ur e - S y s t e m Ty pol og i e s
Community
Ecology
I
Harden
Lift
V
Raised trail or levee reduces flooding & creates views.
II
Mound
Cut & fill creates higher ground for development and restores shoreline for habitat creation.
BARC0010
Create access points for community waterfront use.
VI
Flip
III
Stilt
Deployable flood walls to protect without obstruction.
Float
IV
Restore
Floating or aquatic development, adapts to rising water level.
62
VII
Construction on piers reduces impact on ecosystems & remains flexible to rising waters.
VIII
Wetland restoration creates habitat & reduces storm surge impact.
Advanced Architectural Design II - 054 -
2020 / 2021
Access
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
Strengthen bulkheads to build working waterfront.
UCBQCJ2
F lo o d I nf ra s t ruc t ure : S y s t e m Ty pol og i e s
I
I
Multifunctional Defence Structures : The Cofferdam :
Viable Programs :
The coffer dam is a concept that can either be a free-standing construction or combined with a traditional dike body. A compact spatial solution. Above ground level there are other possibilities well situated in the defence for instance infrastructure. To realise this construction, 2 deep steel walls are placed at least 7 meters apart, the space between can either be filled with soil, or utilised. The top of the coffer dam can be used for several functions such as a boulevard or park.
• • • • • • •
Infrastructure Recreational Industrial Commercial Residential Nautical Green / Parkland
Structure Indicated in Black
Top Usage Space
II Inner Usage Space
II
Hard Construction External Usage Space
Multifunctional Defence Structures : Step Dike :
Viable Programs :
The Step Dike is a concept that can be combined with a traditional dike body, which serves as the base for the step dike. This concept can use space efficiently as there are a number of horizontal plains that can be used for programming. This concept is constructed alongside a traditional dike body, deep walls are placed, each wall goes equally deep into the ground, but differs in length above ground. If necessary, the step dike can be constructed much wider and higher than required, making it safer. The spaces between the deep walls are filled with soil, creating the characteristic steps.
• • • • • • • •
Infrastructure Recreational Industrial Commercial Residential Nautical Green / Parkland Agricultural
Structure Indicated in Black
Internal Usage Space
Infrastructure Recreational Industrial Commercial Residential Nautical Green / Parkland Agricultural
Structure Indicated in Black
Top Usage Space
IV
Inner Usage Space
IV
Combination External Usage Space
Internal Usage Space
Multifunctional Defence Structures : The Retaining Wall :
Viable Programs :
This is a concept that can be combined with a traditional dike body. The construction can be applied either behind the dike or in front of the dike. When placed behind the dike, it becomes a very spatial solution for programming making it possible to integrate the defence into adjoining structures. To realise this construction the traditional dike body has to be excavated until only a half (in plan) remains. The remaining part of the dike body is kept in place by a steel or concrete wall, this construction does not only demand certain height requirements, but the excavated dike body has to be at least 3 meters wide at the top.
• • • • •
Infrastructure Recreational Nautical Green / Parkland Agricultural
2020 / 2021
• • • • • • • •
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
The L-wall is a structure that could replace a traditional dike body in urban areas,free-standing concept that does not need a traditional dike body. The building serves as a flood defence and needs to be waterproof and robustly built. This concept is a solution in urban centres where lack of space is an issue. A construction of which the horizontal and vertical parts are equal in length, giving it the characteristic L shape. Behind this wall, additional functions can be placed. A hard construction that directly stands in contact with the water, waves react more intensively to the wall. This is in contrast with traditional dike bodies which have slopes that attenuate the energy of the water and also the waves.
BARC0010
III
Viable Programs :
SECTION / 04
III Multifunctional Defence Structures : The L Wall :
Structure Indicated in Black
V
Top Usage Space
V
Inner Usage Space
Multifunctional Defence Structures : Oversized Inner Slope :
Viable Programs :
Over sizing the inner or outer slope of a levee are concepts that have to be combined with a traditional dike body. They require but also provide a large amount of space. When the inner side of the slope is over dimensioned, all potential functions can be applied as the land is simply raised. The greatest limitation of over dimensioning the inner slope is that all existing functions have to be removed. The inner or outer slope of an existing dike body is extended by adding soil to the slope, creating a very shallow angle, because of this, waves have less influence on the dike body. The primary influence on the functions is the angle of the slope, an angle of 1:6 is only suitable for green functions or infrastructure. When the angle is >1:9 buildings can be constructed on the slopes.
• • • • • • • •
Infrastructure Recreational Industrial Commercial Residential Nautical Green / Parkland Agricultural
Structure Indicated in Black
Soft Construction External Usage Space
Internal Usage Space
VI
VI
Advanced Architectural Design II - 055 -
Multifunctional Defence Structures : Oversized Outer Slope :
Viable Programs :
Over sizing the outer slope of the existing dike makes the front of the dike higher and longer. Trees can be planted resulting in a ‘park dike’, vegetation or other functions on the outer slope of the dike will have a wave-breaking effect. A disadvantage is that this concept has a negative influence on the width of the coastline. Over sizing the front slope does not allow many functions, as tides and currents affect this. Only recreational and green functions can be applied, such as parks and aquatic nature. If applied correctly, these functions can stop or slow the height and speed of waves making it possible to lower the crest of the dike body. Buildings can be constructed on the front of the dike although these have to be floating. Structure Indicated in Black
• • •
Recreational Nautical Green / Parkland
63
64 HWST BARC0010
Design flood level
1953 flood level
LWST
River bed
Open position Flood control position
HWST
Undershot flow positionM
HWST - High water, spring tides
aintenance position
LWST - Low water, spring tides
Advanced Architectural Design II
- 056 -
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
1982 - 1983
2019 - 2020
2018 - 2019
2017 - 2018
2016 - 2017
2015 - 2016
2014 - 2015
2013 - 2014
2012 - 2013
2011 - 2012
2010 - 2011
2009 - 2010
2008 - 2009
2007 - 2008
2006 - 2007
2005 - 2006
2004 - 2005
2003 - 2004
2002 - 2003
2001 - 2002
2000 - 2001
1999 - 2000
1998 - 1999
1997 - 1998
1996 - 1997
1995 - 1996
1994 - 1995
1993 - 1994
1992 - 1993
1991 - 1992
1990 - 1991
1989 - 1990
1988 - 1989
1987 - 1988
1986 - 1987
1985 - 1986
1984 - 1985
1983 - 1984
Number of Closures
UCBQCJ2
Flo od I nf ra s t r uc t ur e : Tha m e s B a r r i e r
50
Thames Barrier Flood Defence Closures Per Annum
40
30
20
10
0
UCBQCJ2
A rch i t e c t ura l Pr e f a br i c a t i on Ti m e - l i ne
1900
1910 1913 Henry Ford - Implements Assembly Line
1914 Le Corbusier - Domino House
1919 Le Corbusier - Writes, Mass Produced Houses.
1920
1929 Buckminster Fuller Presents Concept For Dymaxion House
1930 1931 Aluminaire First Lightweight Steel & Aluminium House, U.S.A.
1949 Buckminster Fuller Wichita House
1949 Jean Prouvé Commissioned To Prototype Maison Tropicale
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
1950
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
1940
1940 Quonset Hut
1949 Charles & Ray - Eames House
SECTION / 04
1935 Airstrem Clipper
1951 Mies Van Der Rohe - Farnsworth House 1956 Metal Shipping Container Developed
1960
1967 Buckminster Fuller - U.S Pavilion, Montreal Exposition
1970
1980
1990
1995 Shigeru Ban - Naked House
Advanced Architectural Design II - 057 -
65
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
66
Advanced Architectural Design II - 058 -
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A ssem b ly S y s t e m s R e s e a rch : Konra d Wa chs m a nn
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A s s e m b l y S y s t e m s Re s e a rch - Fra g m e n t S t u dy : V _ 0 1
67 Advanced Architectural Design II
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
68
Advanced Architectural Design II - 060 -
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A ssem b ly System s R e s e a rch - Je a n Pr ouv é : M a i s on Tr opi c a l e
UCBQCJ2
A sse mb l y S y st e ms Res earch - Jean P ro u vé : Mais o n Tro p icale
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
I
II
III
Advanced Architectural Design II - 061 -
69
UCBQCJ2
A ssem b ly System s R e s e a rch - Je a n Pr ouv é : M a i s on Tr opi c a l e
BARC0010
V
VI
70
Advanced Architectural Design II - 062 -
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
IV
UCBQCJ2
A ssem b ly System s R e s e a rch - Je a n Pr ouv é : M a i s on Tr opi c a l e
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
VII
VIII
IX
Advanced Architectural Design II - 063 -
71
UCBQCJ2
A ssem b ly System s R e s e a rch - Je a n Pr ouv é : M a i s on Tr opi c a l e
BARC0010
XI
XII
72
Advanced Architectural Design II - 064 -
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
X
UCBQCJ2
A s s e m b l y S y s t e m s R es earch - Jean P r o u vé : Mais o n Tr o p icale
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
XIII
XIV
XV
Advanced Architectural Design II - 065 -
73
UC
As s embly S y s t e m s Re s e a rch -
74
Advanced Arch -
BQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
- Je an Prouvé : Maison Tropicale
hitectural Design II 066 -
75
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
76
Advanced Architectural Design II - 067 -
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A ssem b ly System s R e s e a rch - Je a n Pr ouv é : M a i s on Tr opi c a l e
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A ssem b ly System s R e s e a rch - Je a n Pr ouv é : M a i s on Tr opi c a l e
Advanced Architectural Design II - 068 -
77
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
78
Advanced Architectural Design II - 069 -
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A ssem b ly System s R e s e a rch - Je a n Pr ouv é : M a i s on Tr opi c a l e
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A ssem b ly Sy s t e m s R e s e a rch - Fra g m e nt S t udy : V _ 02
Advanced Architectural Design II - 070 -
79
80
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A ssem b ly Sy s t e m s R e s e a rch - Fra g m e nt S t udy : V _ 03
Advanced Architectural Design II - 071 -
81
UCBQ
As s emb l y S y s t e m s Re s e a rc
82
Advanced Archite
- 07
72 -
ectural Design II BARC0010
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
QCJ2
ch - Fragm ent Study : V_04
83
UCBQ
As s emb l y S y s t e m s Re s e a rch
Advanced Architec
84
- 073
3 BARC0010
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
QCJ2
h - Fra gm ent Study : V_05
ctural Design II
85
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
86 Advanced Architectural Design II
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A ssem b ly Sy s t e m s R e s e a rch - Fra g m e nt S t udy : V _ 06
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A ssem b ly Sy s t e m s R e s e a rch - Fra g m e nt S t udy : V _ 07
Advanced Architectural Design II - 075 -
87
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
88
Advanced Architectural Design II - 076 -
2020 / 2021
BUILDING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
SECTION / 04
A ssem b ly Sy s t e m s R e s e a rch - Fra g m e nt S t udy : V _ 08
Section: DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
/05
BARC0010: Advanced Architectural Design II
89
UCBQCJ2
P ier Var i a t i on S t udy - A rc For m a t i on : V _ 01
River Thames
North Bank Corringham
2000m
10 B ay s / 18 Ve s s e l C a pa c i t y
90
Advanced Architectural Design II - 078 -
BARC0010
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
South Bank Cliffe
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
North Bank Corringham
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
River Thames
BARC0010
South Bank Cliffe
SECTION / 05
P ier Var i a t i on S t udy - A rc For m a t i on : V _ 02
2000m
20 B ay s / 20 Ve s s e l C a pa c i t y
91 Advanced Architectural Design II
UCBQCJ2
North Bank Corringham
2000m
20 B ay s / 20 Ve s s e l C a pa c i t y
92
Advanced Architectural Design II - 080 -
2020 / 2021
River Thames
BARC0010
South Bank Cliffe
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
P ier Var ia t i on S t udy - L i ne a r For m a t i on : V _ 01
UCBQCJ2
North Bank Corringham
2020 / 2021
River Thames
BARC0010
South Bank Cliffe
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
P ier Var ia t i on S t udy - L i ne a r For m a t i on : V _ 02
2000m
16 B ay s / 20 Ve s s e l C a pa c i t y
Advanced Architectural Design II - 081 -
93
UCBQCJ2
North Bank Corringham
2000m
10 B ay s / 20 Ve s s e l C a pa c i t y
94
Advanced Architectural Design II - 082 -
2020 / 2021
River Thames
BARC0010
South Bank Cliffe
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
P ier Var ia t i on S t udy - L i ne a r For m a t i on : V _ 03
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
A ssem b ly Sy s t e m s R e s e a rch - Fra g m e nt S t udy : V _ 09
Advanced Architectural Design II - 083 -
95
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
96
Advanced Architectural Design II - 084 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
U K : L ondon - Ta l l e s t B ui l di ng s i n C i t y
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Lo n d o n : C ity of L ondon - C om pa ra bl e S qm C a l c ul a t i on
Advanced Architectural Design II - 085 -
97
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
98
V / 01
V / 02
V / 03
V / 03
Floor Area:
Floor Area:
Floor Area:
Floor Area:
105,793 m2
130,571 m2
181,659 m2
217,126 m2
Advanced Architectural Design II - 086 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Fo r m D evelopm e nt : Towe r M a s s i ng S t udy - 1: 4500
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Form D evel opm ent : Tower Massing Study - 1:4500
V / 04
V / 05
V / 06
Floor Area:
Floor Area:
Floor Area:
Floor Area:
67,352 m2
121,647 m2
64,092 m2
109,943 m2
Advanced Architectural Design II - 087 -
V / 07
99
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
100
V / 08
V / 09
V / 10
Floor Area:
Floor Area:
Floor Area:
Floor Area:
67,599 m2
70,488 m2
53,669 m2
105,338 m2
Advanced Architectural Design II - 088 -
V / 11
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Fo r m D evelo pm e nt : Towe r M a s s i ng S t udy - 1: 4500
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Fo r m De ve l opm e nt : Towe r M a s s i ng S t udy
Advanced Architectural Design II - 089 -
101
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
102
Advanced Architectural Design II - 090 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Fo r m De ve l opm e nt : Towe r M a s s i ng S t udy
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Fo r m D evel opm e nt : B r i dg e M a s s i ng S t udy - V _ 01 & 02
Advanced Architectural Design II - 091 -
103
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
104
Advanced Architectural Design II - 092 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Fo r m D evelo pm e nt : B r i dg e M a s s i ng S t udy - V _ 03 & 04
UCBQCJ2
Boxes (self-supporting)
Cantilevered slab
Flat Slab
Interspacial
Suspended
Trussed frame
Core and rigid frame
Trussed frame
Belt-trussed frame and framed core
Tube in tube
Bundled tube
2020 / 2021
Cores and bearing walls
BARC0010
(Parallel) bearing walls
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Ver tical St r uc t ura l S y s t e m s : Ty pol og y Di a g ra m s
Staggered truss
Advanced Architectural Design II - 093 -
105
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
106
Advanced Architectural Design II - 094 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Ver tical S t r uc t ura l S y s t e m s : I ni t i a l S t udi e s
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Ve r t i c a l S t ru c t u ra l S y s t e m s : I n i t i a l S t u d i e s
Advanced Architectural Design II - 095 -
107
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
108
Advanced Architectural Design II - 096 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Ver tical Str uc t ura l S y s t e m s : Fra g m e nt S t udy - V _ 01
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Ve r tic a l S tru c t ura l S y s t e m s : Fra g m e nt S t udy - V_ 02
Advanced Architectural Design II - 097 -
109
110
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Ver tical Str uc t ura l S y s t e m s : Fra g m e nt S t udy - V _ 03
Advanced Architectural Design II - 098 -
111
UC
Th E
Kent
Green Infrastructures Office / Commercial Port Admin & Secure Entry Research & Development Resteraunts & Dining Hospitality / Hotel
Volumetr ic & Pr o g ra m m a t i c D e ve l o p
Advanced Arch
112
-
BARC0010
Essex
2020 / 2021
hames Estuary
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
CBQCJ2
Residential Freight Storage Freight Transport Local Public Rail Transport Manufacturing Heavy Manufacturing Light
m e n t : Com muter Arrangement - 1:6000
hitectural Design II
- 099 -
113
UC
Volumetr ic & P r o g ra m m a t i c D e ve
Early Itterations considered a commuter urban mode each end of the bridge with higher value to the centr consideration of workforce requirements and desire t
Ke n
t
Green Infrastructures Office / Commercial Port Admin & Secure Entry Research & Development Resteraunts & Dining Hospitality / Hotel
114
Advanced Arch -
BQCJ2
el o pment : Commuter Arrangement
el, centralising office and commercial with residential at re. This model quickly became redundant due to further to achieve better efficiency.
Ess
BARC0010
es am Th uary Est
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
ex
Residential Freight Storage Freight Transport Local Public Rail Transport Manufacturing Heavy Manufacturing Light
hitectural Design II 0100 -
115
UCBQ
Volumetr ic & Pr o g ra m m a t i c D e ve l o p
Tham Estu
Kent
Green Infrastructures Office / Commercial Port Admin & Secure Entry Research & Development Resteraunts & Dining Hospitality / Hotel
116
Advanced Archite - 01
QCJ2
BARC0010
Essex
2020 / 2021
mes uary
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
pm e n t : Nuclei Arrangement - 1:6000
Residential Freight Storage Freight Transport Local Public Rail Transport Manufacturing Heavy Manufacturing Light
ectural Design II 01 -
117
UCBQ
Vo lu m etr ic & Pr ogram m atic Dev
The proposal developed from this iteration following a program and urban conditions, facilitating vertical a system.
Ke n
t
Green Infrastructures Office / Commercial Port Admin & Secure Entry Research & Development Resteraunts & Dining Hospitality / Hotel
Advanced Archite
118
- 010
QCJ2
ve l o pm e n t : N u c le i A r ra n g e me n t
a “nuclei “ arrangement, where each tower centralises and horizontal travel through out the interconnected
Ess
BARC0010
es am Th uary t Es
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
ex
Residential Freight Storage Freight Transport Local Public Rail Transport Manufacturing Heavy Manufacturing Light
ectural Design II
02 -
119
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
120
Green Infrastructures
Residential
Office / Commercial
Freight Storage
Port Admin & Secure Entry
Freight Transport
Research & Development
Local Public Rail Transport
Resteraunts & Dining
Manufacturing Heavy
Hospitality / Hotel
Manufacturing Light
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0103 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Vo lu m e t r i c & Pr og ra m m a t i c De ve l opm e nt
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Vo lu m e t r i c & Pr og ra m m a t i c De ve l opm e nt
Green Infrastructures
Residential
Office / Commercial
Freight Storage
Port Admin & Secure Entry
Freight Transport
Research & Development
Local Public Rail Transport
Resteraunts & Dining
Manufacturing Heavy
Hospitality / Hotel
Manufacturing Light
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0104 -
121
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
122
Green Infrastructures
Residential
Office / Commercial
Freight Storage
Port Admin & Secure Entry
Freight Transport
Research & Development
Local Public Rail Transport
Resteraunts & Dining
Manufacturing Heavy
Hospitality / Hotel
Manufacturing Light
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0105 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Vo lu m e t r i c & Pr og ra m m a t i c De ve l opm e nt
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Volumetric & Program m atic Developm ent
Green Infrastructures
Residential
Office / Commercial
Freight Storage
Port Admin & Secure Entry
Freight Transport
Research & Development
Local Public Rail Transport
Resteraunts & Dining
Manufacturing Heavy
Hospitality / Hotel
Manufacturing Light
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0106 -
123
UC
Con n e c t ive S y s t e m s : F
Freight is vertically offloaded betw along the bridge for re distributio pier. The system connects the por for import, manufactu
Advanced Arch
124
-
CBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Fre i g ht Transport & Storage
ween the piers then transported either on or stored in areas situated at each rt with the manufacturing zone above ure and export capabilities.
hitectural Design II 0107 -
125
UCBQ
Connective Sys tem s : Fr e i g h t & H u m a
The central autonamous highway is a each pier, connecting directly to the human and f
126
Advanced Architec
- 0108
QCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
an Trans port - Autonomou s Highway
accessed via a circulation node at e urban zone above. Intended for freight use.
ctural Design II
8 -
127
UC
Connective Sys te m s : M a n u f a c t u r i n g
Manufacturing sector organised w lines to deliver freight directly fro industiral units are largest at each toward the centre in line w
Advanced Arch
128
-
CBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
D istrict - Size Decrease Towar d Centre
with central highway, flanking freight om loading bay below. The size of the end of the structure decreasing in size with 0potential property values.
hitectural Design II 0109 -
129
UCBQ
Connective Sys tem s : Ve r t i c a l C o n n e c t
Direct connection between the z each pier to ensure maximum e connecting to each mode of hori by
Advanced Architec
130
- 0110
QCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
t ion - Urban / Manufacturing Sector s
zones of the bridge are achieved at efficiency, each node flows vertically izontal travel, inc highway, train and y foot.
ctural Design II
0 -
131
132
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
C o n n ective System s : Ve r t i c a l C onne c t i on - Ur ba n / M a nuf a c t ur i ng S e c t or s
Direct connection between the zones of the bridge are achieved at each pier to ensure maximum efficiency, each node flows vertically connecting to each mode of horizontal travel, inc highway, train and by foot.
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0111 -
133
UCBQ
Conne c t ive S y s t e m s : H u m
Every 280m at urban level there i to these and directly to the to vertically and horizontally
134
Advanced Archite
- 01
QCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
m a n Transport - Local Rail
is a passenger rail station with connects owers above meaning you can move along the system most efficiently
ectural Design II
112 -
135
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
At each pier there every 140m is a connection system interconnected nodes of transport linking the port, manufacturing and the subsequent urban zone, an autonomous carpark can be reached by elevator or stair
136
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0113 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
C o n n ective Sy s t e m s : Ve r t i c a l C onne c t i on & L oc a l R a i l
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Ve rt i c a l De ns i t y De ve l opm e nt
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0114 -
137
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
138
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0115 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
P late C ont i nui t y a nd De ns i t y De ve l opm e nt
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Plate Cont in u ity a n d De n sity De ve lo p me n t
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0116 -
139
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
140
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0117 -
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
U r b an R e a l m & Vi e w A s pe c t De ve l opm e nt
UCBQCJ2
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
Ur b a n R e a l m & Vi e w As pe c t De ve l opm e nt
Advanced Architectural Design II - 0118 -
141
UCBQCJ2
BARC0010
142 Advanced Architectural Design II
2020 / 2021
DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION / 05
U r b an R e a l m & Vi e w A s pe c t De ve l opm e nt
Section: FINAL DRAWINGS
/06
BARC0010: Advanced Architectural Design II
143
UCBQ
Station Platform : N
Section /06 : General Arran
144
- 01
QCJ2
North - South Axis
ngement & Final Drawings
121 -
145
UCBQ
Station Platform :
Section /06 : General Arran
146
- 012
QCJ2
: East - West Axis
ngement & Final Drawings
22 -
147
UCBQCJ2
Cross Section : North - South Axis
148
Section /06 : General Arrangement & Final Drawings - 0123 -
UCBQCJ2
Fishermans Perspective : South River Bank
Section /06 : General Arrangement & Final Drawings - 0124 -
149
UCBQCJ2
Captains Perspective :
Advanced Architectur - 0125 -
150
2
River Thames
ral Design II
151
UC
G e n e ra l A rra n g e m e n
Advanced Arch
152
-
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
FINAL DRAWINGS
SECTION / 06
BQCJ2
nt : Site Plan - 1:10000
hitectural Design II 0126 -
153
UCBQ
G en e ra l A r ra n g e m e n t :
Advanced Archite
154
- 012
Ea st E levation - 1:6000
2020 / 2021
BARC0010
FINAL DRAWINGS
SECTION / 06
QCJ2
ectural Design II
27 -
155
All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2021 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.
156
UNIT @unit14_ucl
157
I N N E R F O R M 2 0 2 1
P
G14 is a test bed for architectural exploration and innovation. Our students examine the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. As a unit, we are in search of new leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital and physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation and design research, generating momentum through astute synthesis. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, generates new, unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals. I t the centre of this year’s academic exploration was Buckminster Fuller’s A ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’: a master-builder who follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal as somebody who is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of his or her discoveries without disappearing into a career of expertise. Like Fuller, PG14 students are opportunists in search of new ideas and architectural synthesis. They explored the concept of ‘Inner Form’, referring to the underlying and invisible but existing logic of formalisation, which is only accessible to those who understand the whole system and its constituents and the relationships between. This year’s projects explored the places where culture and technology interrelate to generate constructional systems. Societal, technological, cultural, economic and political developments propelled our investigations and enabled us to project near-future scenarios, for which we designed comprehensive visions. Our methodology employed both bottom-up and top-down strategies in order to build sophisticated architectural systems. Pivotal to this process was practical experimentation and intense exploration using both digital and physical models to assess system performance and application in architectural space.
All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris -
Thanks to: DaeWha Kang Design, DKFS Architects, Expedition Engineering, Hassel, Knippers Helbig, RSHP, Seth Stein Architects, University of Stuttgart/ ITKE and Zaha Hadid Architects.
www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2021 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.
UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl