-
JACK LETTICE YEAR 5
UNIT
Y5 JL
LUNA 2121
@unit14_ucl
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@unit14_ucl
JACK LETTICE YEAR 5 Y5 JL
contact@jacklettice.com @jack.lettice
LU N A 2 1 2 1 The Moon
F
or most of human civilisation, the Moon has been an unknowable territory. Five decades ago, we first set foot on it. A few short years from now, we shall return. This time we will stay.
This project seeks to explore the ways in which Lunar architecture will be different from that on Earth, and how it might develop in an almost alien context.
The Lunar environment is, at first glance, unsympathetic to human life. Bereft of an atmosphere, it is blasted with micrometeorites and radiation, and subjected to extremes of temperature. Yet it is rich in minerals that are rare on Earth, and the resources of the Moon will form the foundation of human expansion into space. The Moon’s landscape offers some oases; craters at the poles offer a degree of protection for a Lunar settlement, and are home to rich deposits of water ice. Nevertheless, to survive and thrive in this harsh physical context, an architecture of protection and shelter is required. It will be shaped by the drastically different conditions, and particularly by the far lower gravity. The high cost of transport ensures that buildings will be formed of local materials, with imports used sparingly. Concretes and ceramics formed from the Lunar soil are of particular importance. Crude structures, built by robots to serve industry, can later be adapted into complex and highperformance human habitats. This phenomenon will be most apparent in and around spaceports. The movement of goods and people creates a hub of activity and offers a broad view into Lunar society. It will become an interface between the increasingly divergent cultures of Earth and the Moon.
3
Exxon ZA Shackleton Prospecting
Shell Lunar A3 BP LunaFuels MultiFab MadeInSpace P.3
SUNCom Array X3
Lockheed Fab. 0B2
Shell Lunar A7
SUNCom Array X12
Aristarchus Mineral Fields
Humboldt Polities
SUNCom Array X4
SpaceX Staging XE4 NASA Facility 5.1
Great Equatorial Solar Array
MoonMetal Foundry Alpha
Reita Settlement
UDVR 181
AZ T2 SUNCom Resupply
AZ T4 NASA Facility 5.3 Gateway 2.0
Janssen Periphery Complex
ROSCOSMOS H2 Xaicorp Platform 2
Clavius Rim Zone
ns BD 0.8
SUNCom Array X5
D3 001
Supply Co. IntraLunar Depot
Hyperion Platform Port Armstrong
MoonMetal Foundry Alpha
Xaicorp Platform 1
MoonMetal Foundry AZ T3
4
SpaceX Staging RE2
SpaceX Staging RE2
SpaceX Assembly 1H
THE MOON
Aramco F GD X5673
Golden Moon Ventures
Aramco F GD X5673 Exxon ZB
MonoCom 3
PLA ZU001
Bigelow Testbed 1
PLA ZU002
NextSpace
PLA ZU001 PLA ZU002
GIGASol A PLA ZU001 PLA ZU001
DHL Lunar GIGASol C
Maersk Space U6
PLA ZU001 PLA ZU001
JM TX44
Maersk Space U6
General Atomics Plant L
FedEx Orbital
AlphaLink UBER Space Mobility
General Atomics Plant L AlphaLink UBER Space Mobility Rocketlab Platform B
BD 0.6
y Delta NASA Facility 4.1
Shell Lunar A2
MadeInSpace P.2
MadeInSpace P.1
XR1
5
Earth
3
6
Day: 24 hours
Distance to Moon: 384,400km
Year: 365 Earth days
Time to Moon: 3 days
Day: 655.7 hours Moon
Year: 365 Earth days
Gravity: 1G
Gravity: 0.166G
Mean Temp: 15°C
Mean Temp: N/A
Temp Range: -80°C to 50°C
Temp Range: -170°C to 120°C
Atmosphere: 1013 Mbar
Atmosphere: N/A
EARTH / MOON / MARS
Deimos
Distance to Mars: 56,000,000km - 401,000,000km
Day: 24.37 hours
Time to Mars: 150 days - 300 days
Year: 687 Earth days
Mars
Gravity: 0.376G Mean Temp: -20°C Temp Range: -125°C to 20°C Atmosphere: 6 Mbar
Phobos
7
LAUNCH COSTS
$75,000/kg
1
$50,000/kg
1 Space Shuttle
24 Dnepr
2 Long March 2C
25 Zenit 3SL
3 Zenit 2
26 Long March 4B
4 Shavit
27 Atlas III
5 Ariane 44
28 GSLV
6 Titan IV
29 Delta IV
7 Pegasus
30 Atlas V
8 Delta II
31 Strela
9 Long March 2E
32 Detla IV Heavy
10 Atlas II
33 Falcon 1
11 Long March 2D
34 Minotaur IV
12 Start
35 Falcon 9
13 Taurus
36 Vega
14 Rokot
37 Epsilon
15 H-II
38 Antares
16 PSLV
39 Kuaizhou
17 Pegasus XL
40 Angara
18 M-V
41 Long March 11
19 Athena I
42 Long March 5
20 Ariane 5G
43 LVM3
21 Long March 3B
44 Electron
22 Shtil
45 Falcon Heavy
23 Delta III
46 Shian Quxian
21 12
1a
17
18
3 7
8
2
13
4
37
6
34
$25,000/kg 12
14
36 19
10
5
1b
44
22 23
46 27
38 32 9 2
15 11
20
33
31 24 25
28
39
41
29 30
16
42
26
43
21 40
3
35 1980
4
8
1990
2000
2010
45 2020
16
EARTH SYSTEM ECONOMY
11a
9b
13 1a Surface to LEO
14
1b LEO to surface 2 Earth suborbital
15
3 Upgraded ISS 4 LEO ‘Hotel’ 5a Direct transfer to LLO 5b Direct transfer to LEO 6 Gateway 2.0
1a
7 Fuel depot 8a LLO to surface 8b Surface to LLO 9a Interplanetary arrival 9b Interplanetary departure
8 5a
7
7
10
6
4
5b 8
10 Moon suborbital 11a Low-energy transfer to LLO 11b Low-energy transfer to LEO 12 Biomedical printing
1b
13 On-orbit construction 14 Optics production 15 Electronics manufacturing 16 Orbital laboratories 17 Ultra-large telescopes
19 20
18 Large-antenna telecomms
18
19 Constellation telecomms 20 Servicing
17
21 Resupply
9a
11b
9
10
APPROACH FROM ORBIT
11
12
SITE
13
180˚ 55˚
Ro wland
h
o
SUN PATHS
15
0˚E
60˚
Emde n
ff
Ro wland
0˚E
21
B
i
r
k
h
o
ff
Av o ga dro So mme rfe ld
So mme rfe ld
e bbins
Ste bbins
70˚
Gamo w
Yablochkov
Karpinskiy
va n't Ho ff
24 0˚E
variable on the Moon than on Earth.
0˚E 12
RoSun be rts paths are far less
Sun Path variance: +/- 1.5° (Earth: +/- 23.5°)
Se a re s
60° South
Milankovič
80˚
E
S c h w ar z s c h i l d
Co mpto n
Plaske tt
N
P o c z o b u t t
R
Rozhdestvenskiy
Bria ncho n
Ca
te
na
l Sy
ve
st
Na nse n
He rmite
er
Be l'ko v ich
90˚E
Cre mo na
270˚E
Bria ncho n
Ca
Ha yn By rd
Pa scal
Xenophane s
MARE
te
na
Sy
lv
es
te
He rm
r
Pa scal
HUMBOLDTIANUM
S
80˚
Py tha gora s
W Equator
Ba illaud
30° North
Me ton
Ba bba ge
60
Ba rro w
0˚E
˚E
30
Goldschmidt Arno ld
De La Rue
70˚
J. Hersche l
So uth
Birmingham
Birmingh
W. Bond Gärtne r
MA
Water ice identified by Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
RE FR
60˚
IGO
˚E
0˚
Moonlight 0.05 - 0.1 Lux
55˚
Earthshine 4.2 Lux
Moves around sky
RE FR
0˚E
30
RIS
MA
33
Tycho Crater 86km Diameter
IGO
R
Tycho Crater Mountains 2km Height
Constant position in sky
240˚E
270˚E
300˚E
180˚ 57˚
330˚E
0˚
210˚E Ro wland
k h o ff
B i r k h o ff
MARE
Vo lta
Ca rnot
Plato
s
Al
pe
s
Ari Schle singe r
Mons Pico
SINU S
US AS
Fo wle r Mons Piton
Luna 17 (Nov. 17, 1970)
UC
S
Rima
Rimae Ge rard
lli
S
ANU
Mons Rümker
Va
PE
L a n d a u
Montes Recti
s
IR ID U M
OCE
Pe rrine
Gera rd
rp
Montes Teneriffe Pa ra skev o po ulo s
AL
Wegener Fo wle r
Jura
ES
Ste fan
De by e
NT
Schle singe r
ha
50˚
MO
o po ulo s
SINU S R OR IS
M onte
Re pso ld
ae R im Ca rnot P la to
Pe rrin
CA
Co ulo mb
7
A
MARE
S D
IMBRIUM
a
La rmo r
or su
il
He
ol
m
ic
D
Sc
gr
su
um
or
rs
Ko v ale v ska y a
Charlie r
Co ckcroft
NT
Montes Spitzbergen
Do
L o r e n t z Rö ntgen
ES
Ne rnst
SINUS LUNICUS
MO
Charlie r
14
KM
180˚ 55˚
0˚
15
POLAR TERRAIN 30
0˚E
0˚E
60˚
–55˚
33
˚E
–60˚
C l a v i u s
Emde n Scheine r
Av o ga dro
Blanca nus Ro se nbe rger Curtius Grue mbe rge r
70˚
Manzinus
–70˚
Gamo w
0˚ E
Klapro th
˚E
30
60
Yablochkov
Karpinskiy
Moretus
0˚E 12
Ro be rts
Ca sa tus Se a re s Bo ussinga ult
Milankovič
80˚
Schombe rge r
–80˚
S c h w ar z s c h i l d Pingré
B Co mpto n
Plaske tt
a
i
l
l
Po nté coula nt
Bo gusla wsky He lmho ltz
y
De mona x
Sco tt
Rozhdestvenskiy Le Gentil
Na nse n
mite
Ca be us Shoemaker
Dry ga lski Ha use n
Be l'ko v ich
270˚E
Amundse n
90˚E
Ha yn
Ashbroo k
By rd
Siko rsky S c h rö
MARE
Va ll
HUMBOLDTIANUM
Pe tzv a l
80˚
–80˚
d in
g er
is
S c h r ö d i n g e r
Ze e man Ba illaud Lippma nn
Pla
nc
k
Numerov Cro mme lin
De La Rue
70˚
llis
12
Arno ld
60
0˚E
24
Ba rro w
˚E
Va
Goldschmidt
0˚E
Me ton
–70˚
Anto nia di Fizea u
P
Minnae rt
l
a
n
c
k
Pra ndtl
ham
W. Bond
Le ma ître
Gärtne r
Be rlage
North Pole
60˚
Erlanger Crater 10km Diameter
55˚
240˚E
P
Aristarchus Crater 40km Diameter
270˚E
60˚E
Sabine and Ritter Craters 29km Diameter
90˚E
300˚E
Montes Apenninus 5km Height
o
i
n
c
a
r
15
Prinz Crater 46km Diameter
–55˚ 180˚
Fabbroni Crater 11km Diameter
120˚E
330˚E
0˚E
é
150˚E
0˚
30˚E
18
MARE Co mpto n
MA R E
Vo lta Endymio n
a
su
He
Max we ll
or
ol
IMBRIUM D
ic
Ku
AS UC
Kurchatov
rc
ha
to
v
LACUS
SINUS LUNICUS
SOMNIORUM
ES
na
Chandler Alex a nder
NT
C a te
Wie ne r
CA
Mons Piton
Montes Spitzbergen
m
il
gr
Szila rd Richa rdso n
LACUS
MORTIS
15
MO
MARE er
su
Sc
Rima G. Bon d
Aristo tele s
S
mn
or
um
Ha hn
Al
PE
Ve stine
rs
L o r e n t z Rö ntgen
s
Ca mp be ll
H. G. Wells
D
Do
Po sido nius
H a r k h e b i
Luna 17 ate (Nov. 17, C 1970) na Su
Gauss
Ne rnst
o v ale v ska y a MARE
Fabry
Mons Rümker Rie ma nn
S
SOMNIORUM
lli
Mons Pico
IR ID U M
ANU
Messa la
LACUS
SINU S
Va
AL
L a n d a u
Alex a nder
LACUS SPEI
OCE
IS Gera rd
Montes Recti Millika n
s
s pe
US
S
OR
Montes Teneriffe
Jura
rp
M onte
MP
ha
Rima
TE
d'Ale mbe rt
ES
Wegener
MORTIS
S
Plato
NT
Ste fan
LACUS
CU
vo n Bé késy
SINU S R OR IS
MO
LA Atla s
Rimae Ge rard
Re pso ld
FRIGO RIS
ae R im P la to
MARE
Sha yn Po sido nius
Rima G. Bon d
HUMBOLDTIANUM CoIG uloO mb FR R IS
isto tele s
ne
0˚E
Giordano Bruno Crater 22km Diameter
30˚E
–60˚
21
˚E
30
RIS
0˚
South Pole
Minko wski
La rmo r
CYCLES Earth has two key cycles, the year and the day
Orbit around sun (year)
1 in 25 year Coronal Mass Ejection (exposure on Lunar surface) 4000mSV
1yr Mars ro 600m
360° rotation (day)
1yr NASA ex 500m
1yr Lunar surf 499.5
1yr ISS crew 320m
1yr Martian sur 270m 365
30-day NASA 250m
Lunar equator always inclined 1.5° to sun
1
Rotation axis: 6.5°
Rotation axis: 35° Ecliptic Plane
Orbital inclination: 5°
13
Cornwall (UK) average exposure 11.4mSV
Blood cell dama 100m
International w 50m US average exposure 6.2mSV
US/UK work 20m
13
0m (millisie
360° rotation (lunar day)
The moon has one key cycle, the lunar day Orbit around Earth Radiation sickness triggered at (single) exposure of 1000mSV
8
16
RADIATION
SUNLIGHT
Insolation (W/m2)
round-trip mSV 12:00
11:00
13:0
0
14
0
:00
:0 10
0
15 :0
9: 0
xposure limit mSV
0
Percieved brightness (% of peak)
0
:00 16 17:00
7:00
8:0
face exposure 5mSV
EARTH
6:00
0.5kW/m2
1kW/m2
w exposure mSV
18:00
1.5kW/m2
At equator
Insolation (W/m2)
rface exposure mSV
exposure limit mSV
13:0
0
14
:00
10
9-day Apollo Missions 11.4mSV
0
9:
:0
0
0
15
Percieved brightness (% of peak)
16
0
age detectable mSV
12:00
11:00
:00
:00
8:0
worker standard mSV UK average exposure 2.7mSV
7:00
17:00
ker standard mSV
MOON At 0° inclination
6:00
0.5kW/m2
1kW/m
2
1.5kW/m2
18:00
mSV everts)
Surface heat (kelvin) 120°C
400k
273k/0°C
300k
200k -170°C
100k
50/50 chance of death at (single) exposure of 5000mSV
0k
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
17
18
MATERIALS AND TECTONICS
19
SURFACE COMPOSITION
1 Sintered blocks 2 Regolith hopper 3 Fresnel lens 4 Parabolic mirror 5 Rotation motor 6 Translation motor 7 Rails
Powder
0.00m
Sand-like
0.30m
Mirror frame
10
20
Gravel-like
2.00m
Rock
5.00m
SINTERING Additive frame
6
2
4 5
3
1
6
7
5 5
1
6
4
Finished blocks
21
BLOCK/FORMWORK
1 Temporary pneumatic formwork 2 Interlocking blocks supported by formwork 3 Unprocessed lunar regolith
1 Unprocessed lunar regolith 2 Floor/foundation sintered in place 3 Sintered block arch
4 Floor/foundation sintered in place
4 Sintered corridor components
5 Self-supporting block arch
5 Permanent pneumatic liner
6 Permanent pneumatic liner
6 Panellised flooring
7 Panellised flooring
7 Service runs 8 Window module
1
2
Unpressurised
3
4 3
Construction
4
5
2
7
Pressurised
3 6
Complete
11
22
7
4 1
BLOCK ELEMENTS
RAD-SHIELDING
Coronal Mass Ejections
Galactic Cosmic Rays
Single event (1 in 3 yr) Angle between 0-180°
Constant general irradiation Spread over 180°
7
CME penetration: 250mSV exposure 8
GCR penetration: neglible exposure 6 460mm 7
5
7
6
2 Coronal Mass Ejections
Galactic Cosmic Rays
Single event (1 in 3 yr) Angle between 0-180°
Constant general irradiation Spread over 180°
7
1
CME penetration: 50mSV exposure GCR penetration: no exposure
1000mm
23
MATERIAL ABUNDANCE Geopolymer shell
Elements
< Less abundant than on Earth
Structure, envelope, services, furniture, wiring
Al
Aluminium
Structure, reinforcement, envelope
Ti
Titanium
Fe
Iron
Ca
Calcium
Wiring
More abundant than on Earth >
Magnets, rails
Copper
Import Led
Si
Silicon
Import Led
Import Only
Mg
Wiring
Cu
Alloys
Carbon
Al C
Hydrogen
Al H
Oxygen
Al O
Nitrogen
Al N
Magnesium
Alloys
Minerals and Compounds O
Si
Silicates
Water
O
Al
Si
H
O
Aluminosilicates
Hydrocarbons
Import Only
H
C
Materials Glass
Glazing, reinforcement
Steel
Structure, envelope, services, furniture
Concrete (geopolymer)
Plastics
Silicone
Sealants
Structure, envelope, interface, services
Ceramics
Import Only
12
24
Timber
Veneers
O
Si
A
CONCRETE TECTONIC
Al
Ribs
Softened edges
Sintered regolith (inner)
Si
Ti
Al
Ca
Fe
Mg
Sintered regolith (outer)
Rebar
Loose regolith
25
Shielding?
1 1 3 Pressure?
4 3
7 4 5
6 6 2
8
2
MULTILEVEL
DOMESTIC
7
1 Unprocessed lunar regolith 2 Floor/foundation sintered in place 3 Sintered regolith to exterior of shell 4 Precast concrete shell 5 Precast column 6 In-situ printed concrete 7 Glazing
3
8 Service channel
CIVIC
7
1 3 4
5 Handrail?
6
5 2
Stair angle? 2
13
26
2
TECTONIC EXPERIMENTATION Shielding?
Shielding?
3
4 1
6
4 5 Structure?
8
2
2
INTERMEDIATE 2
COMMUNAL
Pressure?
1
4
5 6
Stair angle? 2
8
27
LUNAR GRAVITY
1 Unprocessed lunar regolith 2 Floor/foundation sintered in place 3 Sintered regolith to exterior of shell 4 Precast column with titanium bracket 5 Precast concrete shell 6 Precast concrete with sintered fill 7 Inner pressure glazing 8 Outer dust-shield glazing 9 Concrete shutter with sintered fill
Earth
Moon
Gravity: 1G
Gravity: 0.166G
Volume: 145m3
Volume: 22.5m3
Volume/weight: 23.537kn/m3 Mass: 348,000kg Weight: 3,412kn
10 Titanium rib-beam
1
Volume/weight: 3.888kn/m3 Mass: 54,000kg Weight: 87kn
6
6
2
14
28
SOLAR CONTROL 9
5
8
7
4
10
1
6
6
29
USERS AND FUNCTIONS
30
31
1 Unprocessed lunar regolith 2 Floor/foundation sintered in place 3 Sintered regolith to exterior of shell 4 Sintered fins to stablise loose fill 5 Precast concrete shell 6 Skylight 7 Precast column
6
4
5
3
1
7
2
32
16
FUNERAL SPACE
33
TOURISTS
Customers
17
34
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
Guides
Aerospace
Mining
Orbital
Manufacturing
Robotics
Command
Flight
VISITORS AND RESIDENTS
SUPPORT WORKERS
Security
Medical
SCIENTISTS
Maintainance
Life-support
Minerology
Astrophysics
EXPEDITIONS
Biomedical
Materials
Command
Flight
Science
35
Coworking
Corporate HQ
Service
Worship
UPPER AVENUE
18
36
TERTIARY ECONOMY
Casino Hostel
Retail Food Service
Bar
MID-AVENUE
Club
LOWER AVENUE
37
38
HUMAN FACTORS
39
Height
50cm
100cm
150cm
200cm
250cm
300cm
350cm
Earth/Male Earth/Female
Age
JUMP
Moon/Male Moon/Female
10
Earth-walk
20
Walk/run speed: 2
Earth-run
30
358cm
Moon 40
Moon-walk
264cm
50
Walk/run speed: 1
Moon-run
60
59cm 44cm 70
20
40
Earth
WALK/RUN
CLIMB Mars A
Moon A
65.5°
76.5°
Risers multiplied by gravity difference (3)
Risers multiplied by gravity difference (6)
Moon B 60° Deduced from Mars B
Stride: 1.32m
transition 2.00m/s
Mars B 50°
Stride: 2.16m
Based on experiments in simulated low-gravity
Earth 35°
Stride: 2.64m
transition 1.00m/s
Centre of mass
Stride: 4.32m
41
HIGH-VOLUME CIRCULATION
1 Floor/foundation sintered in place 2 Sintered regolith to exterior of shell 3 Precast concrete shell
MI
1 Floor/foundation sintered in place 2 Sintered regolith to exterior of shell 3 Precast concrete shell
4 Precast concrete partition
4 Horizontal bar/foot ledge
5 Precast concrete column
5 Vertical bar
6 60 degree stair 7 60 degree double-riser stair
3
4
2
5
7
2
6
5
1
4
4
3
1 5
21
42
ID-VOLUME CIRCULATION
LOW-VOLUME CIRCULATION
1 Floor/foundation sintered in place 2 Sintered regolith to exterior of shell 3 Precast concrete shell 4 Precast floor slab with sintered fill 5 Horizontal bar
2
2
3
3
5 1
4
2
5
1 2
43
44
INFRASTRUCTURAL LANDSCAPE
45
9
8 7
10
6
1 Regolith surface 2 Historic craters 3 Surface microcraters 4 Large ejecta/debris 5 Subsurface soil 6 Surface-sintered regolith 7 Low-density sintered berm 8 Mid-density sintered roadway 9 High-density sintered envelope 10 Precast concrete shell
46
23
5
SURFACE INTERFACE
4
2
1
2 3
47
Concept development
1
CELLULAR EXCAVATION
5
8 5
6
3 4
3
6
7
2 1 Lunar surface 2 Craters 3 Excavation zone 4 Stabilised sintered surface 5 Excavation robot 6 Sintering robot 7 Regolith transport robot 8 Manned surface rover 9 ‘Umbrella’ canopy 10 Usable protected zone
24
48
SURFACE ALTERATION
1
PROTECTIVE CANOPIES
10 6
4
9
9
6
10
10
5
3
10 7
9 8
5
2
Lighting exploration
49
4
SURFACE MODULATION 6
2
4
1
5
1 Crater rim 2 Crater wall 3 Crater floor 4 Sintered terraces 5 Excavated surface
3
6 Smaller craters
10
10
RIM/BASIN DIFFERENTIATION
9
5
6
25
50
CRATER LANDSCAPE
8
MINERAL STRATA
URBAN ELEMENTS
7
5
8
7 Scree slopes 8 Shelter structures 9 Industrial canopies 10 Urban structures 11 Landing pad 12 Sun/shade line
10
URBAN FORM REFINEMENT
LIGHTING ANALYSIS 12
9
9
6
5 11
11
3
51
OUTPOST 1 Basic landing site 2 Initial outpost 3 Photovoltaic array 4 Sun angle 5 Shaded zone 6 Water ice deposit 7 Water extract/processing
2 4
3
5 Lower insolation
1
Higher insolation
7
6
SETTLEMENT 8 Shielded landing pads 9 Permanent settlement 10 Agriculture 11 Energy intensive industry
9
4
10
11
3
3
5 8
7
Berms prevent dust 6
CITY 12 Urban core 13 Heat sensitive industry 14 Support functions 15 Spaceport
14
4
12
5 13 Reduced rad. exposure angles
52
11
3
10
15
7
6
1 Crater rim 2 Crater wall 3 Crater floor 4 Sintered surface 5 Industrial canopy 6 Landing pad 7 Spacecraft 8 City districts 9 Light/shade boundary
CRATER INHABITATION 8
7
9
1 5
4
6
2 5
6
4
3
53
1 Crater rim 2 Crater wall 3 Crater floor 4 Sintered surface 5 Industrial canopy 6 Landing pad 7 Spacecraft 8 City districts 9 Light/shade boundary 10 Festival projection 11 Advertising
54
CRATER CULTURE 8 9
7
1 10
5
4
2
6
11
6
4
3
55
56
TECTONIC RESOLUTION
57
1 Pre-sintered surface 2 Additive sintering frame 3 Multipurpose drone 4 Cargo drone 5 Part-printed canopy 6 Complete canopy 7 Drone under maintainance 8 Industrial systems 9 Human workers 2
10 Concrete panels 11 Glazing within panel
CANOPY CONSTRUCTION
5
4
3
1
LINING EMPLACEMENT
10 3
10
10
9
29
58
4
CONSTRUCTION AND RE-USE
6
INDUSTRIAL FUNCTIONS
7 7 8
9
HUMAN SPACE
10 10 11 11
59
60
INTERNAL SPACE
61
62
SPATIAL SUBDIVISION
63
32
64
OVERLAP CONDITION
65
33
66
HALL OF APOLLO
67
68
69
END.
70
All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2021 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.
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UNIT @unit14_ucl
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I N N E R F O R M 2 0 2 1
P
G14 is a test bed for architectural exploration and innovation. Our students examine the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. As a unit, we are in search of new leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital and physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation and design research, generating momentum through astute synthesis. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, generates new, unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals. I t the centre of this year’s academic exploration was Buckminster Fuller’s A ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’: a master-builder who follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal as somebody who is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of his or her discoveries without disappearing into a career of expertise. Like Fuller, PG14 students are opportunists in search of new ideas and architectural synthesis. They explored the concept of ‘Inner Form’, referring to the underlying and invisible but existing logic of formalisation, which is only accessible to those who understand the whole system and its constituents and the relationships between. This year’s projects explored the places where culture and technology interrelate to generate constructional systems. Societal, technological, cultural, economic and political developments propelled our investigations and enabled us to project near-future scenarios, for which we designed comprehensive visions. Our methodology employed both bottom-up and top-down strategies in order to build sophisticated architectural systems. Pivotal to this process was practical experimentation and intense exploration using both digital and physical models to assess system performance and application in architectural space.
All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris -
Thanks to: DaeWha Kang Design, DKFS Architects, Expedition Engineering, Hassel, Knippers Helbig, RSHP, Seth Stein Architects, University of Stuttgart/ ITKE and Zaha Hadid Architects.
www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2021 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.
UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl