Sophie Tait_Y5 |Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture by UNIT 14

SOPHIE TAIT YEAR 5

UNIT

Y5 ST

EUROLOOP LEIPZIG

@unit14_ucl

SOPHIE TAIT YEAR 5 Y5 ST

sophiectait@gmail.com @unit14_ucl

E U R O LO O P L E I PZ I G Leipzig, Germany

he project proposes a European Hyperloop

Network which aims to enhance social, cultural and political solidarity amongst European countries. This new mode of transport – carrying both goods and passengers - travels up to 1200km/h; enabling the development of the European Single Market by creating better movement of goods, labour and services.

All work produced by Unit 14 Cover design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2019 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

@unit14_ucl

Reducing travel times between European cities dramatically, the project questions the impact of this connectivity on architectural design. This is investigated through the design of a Euroloop Station in Leipzig; Germany’s fastest growing city and only 15 minutes from Berlin once connected to the network. The design proposes a new station typology, driven by the logistics of efficient circulation of Hyperloop pods and passengers. Incorporating the city’s famous Trade Fair and market traditions, a Euroloop market is located within an inhabitable roof, where goods are delivered via Hyperloop from all over Europe. The architecture is driven by the need for integration, merging the new Hyperloop Station with the existing Leipzig Central Station, a large and imposing building, and a key node in the city’s existing transport networks. The building becomes a place where the old meets the new and the European meets the local. Addressing the grand and ornamental architectural style of the Leipzig Central Station, and the city’s extensive trading halls, the proposal explores the use of functional ornamentation and gold within contemporary architecture. Sections indicating potential structural system

EUROLOOP LEIPZIG MArch Portfolio - Year 5 Sophie Tait

INITIAL RESEARCH: DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES 5

SUBURBAN TRAIN TYPE: EMU* RAIL COMPANY: SOUTH WEST TRAINS CLASS: 455 TOP SPEED: 120km/h NO. CARRIAGES: 4

600 BC

* EMU is a multiple-unit train with self-propelled carriages, using electricity as the motive power. It requires no seperate locomotive as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages

4km/h 1500s

horseback

Compressor, condensor and electric heater Main Transformer

Fan

3km/h 1603 ﬁrst recorded horse-drawn wagon

horse and cart on dirt roads

Third Rail

the Bogie

4km/h

cart with wooden wheels and wooden rail

a standard railway vehicle will have two bogies, generally located near the vehicle ends. These provide (1) support for the vehicle body (2) holds the wheels to guide along track (3) provides shock absorption during motion. Bogies can be powered (by electric motors or a mechanical drive connected to a motor) or not (trailer bogies) [below shows a motor Bogie]

1500s carts with wooden rails

2 (1)

6km/h

carriage pulled by horses with iron wheels and rails

1700s

horse-drawn trams

(3) 10

12 13

Stephenson’s Rocket 1804 Stephensons Rocker

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1760 - 1840

24km/h

1812 ﬁrst commercial railway line opens

(14)

(1)

Power Supply: Third Rail

Rail Carriage Connection: Couplers

the third rail is usually located outside the two running rails. Electricity is transmitted to the train by means of a sliding shoe which is held in contact with the rail. Most types of contact shoe hang from a beam suspended between the axlesboxes of the bogie.

6 5

buffer spring unit

5 6 3 Key to above: 1. Motor 2. Bogie Frame - steel plate or cast steel 3. Bogie Transform - transverse structural member of the bogie frame which supports the carbody guidance parts and traction motors 4. Brake cylinder - provided for each wheel, it operates tread or disc brakes. Each wheel has a brake disc on each side and a brake pad actuated by the brake cylinder. 5. Primary suspension coil - a steel coil spring, two of which are fitted to each axlebox. They carry the weight of the bogie frame and anything attached to it. 6. Motor suspension tube - many motors are suspended between transverse member of the bogie frame 7. Gearbox - contains the pinion and gearwheel which connects the drive from the armature to the axle 8. Lifting Lug - allows the bogie to be lifted by a crane without the need to tie chains or ropes around the frame 9. Neutral Section Switch Detector - overhead lines are divided into sections with short neutral sections seperating them. When this section is crossed, its necessary to switch off the current on the train. A magnetic device mounted on the track marks the start and finish of this section. The device is detected by this box mounted on the leading bogie of the train to inform the system to switch on/ off. 10. Secondary Suspension Air Bag - Rubber bags act as secondary suspension system. 11. Loose Leads for Connection to Carbody - motor circuits are connected to traction equipment in the car by flexible leads. 12. Shock Absorber - reduces the effects of vibration occuring due to wheel/ rail interface 13. Axlebox Cover - protection for the return current brush 14. The wheel

250 km/h steam trains

Top Contact

simplest design coupler support pin draw pin

1 4

6 2 3 Top Contact with Cover

provides protection from harsh weather

gangway (for movement of people above)

buffer

6 5 FRONT VIEW

buffer sadle

more complicated to control at train level

1881 ﬁrst electric trains used in Germany

TOP VIEW

electric trains

pivot pin side control unit

Types of Electric current: DC (direct current) in the past, simpler for railway traction purposes AC (alternating current) better over long distances and cheaper to install but, until recently,

400 km/h

vehicle drawbar spring unit

Bottom Contact

best form of protection from weather

Supply of Power: via an overhead wire (AC) or at ground level, i.e third rail, as shown(DC)

1979 ﬁrst magne�c levita�on train built in Germany

603 km/h maglev trains

Both systems require at least one collector attached to the train so it can always be in contact with the power. There has to be a complete circuit from the source of energy to the consuming item and back to the source. The steel rails that wheels run on are used for this. The power circuit on the train is completed by connecting the return to brushes rubbing on the axle ends. The wheels, being steel, take it to the running rails. These are wired into the substation supplying the power.

1 4 5

SIDE VIEW

6 2 3

Placement of Contact Shoes: Overhead systems often have only one pantograph but trains with shoes need several shoes because the contact with overhead wire is not normally broken but the third rail must be broken at junctions to allow for the continuity of running rails. These gaps can lead to loss of power on the train. This loss of power can be reduced by locating shoes along the train and connecting them together by a cable known as a busline.

Side Contact

better than top contact side and bottom contact shoes are spring loaded to provide the necessary contact force.

1. wheel 3. sleeper 5. third rail

2. rail 4. train shoe 6. cover

There are three general types of couplers used on railways: (1) Manual - with mechanical, pneumatic and electric connections (2) Semi-automatic - ensure a permanent (mechanical and pneumatic) connection between cars but can be uncoupled in case of emergy or for maintanence. Coupling and uncoupling are carried out manually. (3) Automatic - carried out from the drivers desk

THE EVOLUTION OF TRAIN TECHNOLOGY

soldiers could be deployed at greater scales, enabling war on a new scale

310 - 350 km/h

GMT was founded due to the need of standardised time

people were able to take short trips and holidays, improving lifestyle

270 - 300 km/h 240 - 260 km/h 200 - 230 km/h

PLATFORM 1

< 200 km/h under construction/ upgrading

SHOP

key for map indicating speeds of rail

BOOKING OFFICE

APP

people were able to travel larger distances, breaking down stereotypes and mixing cultures, creating a closer nation

6 5 4

a new industry was created, creating more job opportunities. Additionally, allowing people to search for work further from home creating a commuter class

national newspapers could be delivered, allowing information to be spread, in particular, political movements could spread around the country

L ES

perishable foods could move more quickly, improving agricultural business as well as improving diets

above: chart showing comparison of lengths of High-Speed Rail worldwide (European countries highlighted)

Countries in Europe by length of HSR: 1. Spain: 2. France: 3. Germany: 4. Sweden: 5. UK: 6. Italy: 7. Finland 8. Austria:

3100 km 3220 km 3038 km 1706 km 1377 km 999 km 609 km 352 km

short-distance trains

commuters, trips within city, trips between nearby towns

Overview of High-Speed Rail in Europe

long-distance trains

intercity travel and travel between countries, enabling tourism and improving business relations

freight trains

moving goods at greater speeds, impacting development of particular industries and improving quality of life by delivering perishable goods at greater speeds

THE IMPACT OF RAILWAYS ON SOCIETY

HYPERLOOP TRAIN

TYPE: MODIFIED MAGLEV COMPANY: VIRGIN HYPERLOOP ONE

the pods are made of carbon fibre panels or similar as these are light and strong

TOP SPEED: 1,220 km/h

the tube is partially pressurised with most of the air removed to reduce friction

Compressor fan sucks air in, propelling the pods forward. The rotor spins as it is attracted to electromagnets in the track.

Hyperloop

Maximum Speed: 1,220km/h Passengers per Pod: 25 - 50 Total Passengers per Journey: max. 50 Frequency of Departure: every 5 minutes Passenger Capacity per hour, one-way: 600

Copenhagen - Oslo: 38mins

Copenhagen - Oslo: 3hr 36mins

magnetic levitation this guides and lifts the pod off the track, reducing friction and thereby allowing increased speeds

Airplane (Boeing 737-800)

Maximum Speed: 900km/h Total Passengers per Journey: 85 - 215 Frequency of Departure: 50 per day Passenger Capacity per hour, one-way: 400

VEHICLE guide lateral guidance electromagnets

GUIDEWAY

reaction rail arm

Hyperloop is a new proposed form of ground transport currently under development. This has the potential to travel up to 1220 km/h due to (1) pods travelling through tubes where most of the air has been removed, reducing friction (2) using magnetic levitation rather than wheels on a track, to reduce friction. Supporters argue that his can be cheaper than traditional rail because, among other things, the track doesn’t need to provide power to the pods continuously. However, it is expensive to construct the systems initially.

levitation electromagnet

propulsion

High Speed Rail (Shinkansen)

levitation

Maximum Speed: 270km/h Passengers per Carriage: 80 Total Train People Capacity: 1, 300 Frequency of Departure: every 30 mins Passenger Capacity per hour, one-way: 800

ELECTROMAGNETIC

electromagnetics on the cars lift them potential for power via solar panels

Copenhagen - Oslo: 2hr 38mins

nearly all the air is vacuum-pumped out of the tube to create a low pressure environment

firewall/ sound bulkhead

Railway (Class 444 Desiro)

Maximum Speed: 161km/h Passengers per Carriage: 60 Total Train People Capacity: 300 Frequency of Departure: every 30 mins Passenger Capacity per hour, one-way: 600

ELECTRODYNAMIC

electromagnets on the guideway levitate the car

Copenhagen - Oslo: 3hr 36mins

minimised friction

maximised thrust magnetic levitation guides and lifts the pod off the track

London Underground (‘S’ stock)

turbines maintain the air column when needed

pods 900 km/h +

decelerate

accelerate

900 km/h +

STOP

Maximum Speed: 161km/h Passengers per Carriage: 135 (70% standing) Total Train People Capacity: 900 Frequency of Departure: every 2 mins Passenger Capacity per hour, one-way: 27, 000

900 km/h +

STOP

Personal Vehicle

accelerate

INDUTRACK

permanent magnets levitate over passive coils above, alternative ways of magnetic levitation. These are currently used in Maglev trains (where the highest recorded speed to date is 603 km/h)

decelerate 900 km/h +

cars only tube air only tube (passengers on/off)

above, possible solution for how air/ pod flow could work in Hyperloop sysem

Maximum Speed: 120 km/h Passengers per vehicle: 5 on average Frequency of Departure: n/a Passenger Capacity per hour, one-way: n/a

Copenhagen - Oslo: 5hr 51mins

COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TRANSPORT MODES

SCHEME PROPOSAL: EUROPEAN NETWORK 12

AET

Association for European Transport

Home

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SITE LOCATION: LEIPZIG 20

LEIPZIG 1500s and before

to wittenberg

der brühl

initial trade market moves south -east

initial trading street

Parthe

katharinenstrasse 1200s

bruel Reichs-straße later 1200s nikolaistrasse later 1200s

Nikolaistrasse

nikolaikirche 1176

thomaskirche 12th century

to Gorlitz

built in 12th century as the city expands East

old town hall, built 1550s

grimmaische road

first gewandhaus, built 1498

market square and town hall peterstrasse are built 1100

to zwickenau

Moscow

Stettin

Bruges

Kiev

Antwerp LEIPZIG

The Leipzig Trade Fair is one of the oldest Trade Fairs in the world. Leipzig was at the crossroads of two important trade routes: Via Regia (Paris–Novgorod) and Via Imperii (Bergen–Rome). This location was particularly advantageous for long-distance trade, which led to Leipzig becoming the starting point for international trade fair operations. 1 2 3 4

Via Imperii

7th century: first slavic settlement 10th century: in line with German Easter expansion, a castle “urbs libz” is built for protection a sub-castle built at the end of the Brühl, meaning it is no longer a through road 1556: the Old Town Hall is built

Via Regia

Santiago de Compostela Rome

Via Regia a historic road, legally associated with the King, remaining under his special protection and guarantee of pulic peace

Berlin

Leipzig

1165

Leipzig officially founded and bestowed with city and market rights by Otto the Rich

1420

becomes a trade place for merchants from Poland and Nuremberg

1409

foundation of the Univeristy of Leipzig

1458

right to New Years market. From then on: trading center for metals, furs, silk, gemstones, tin and saxon silver

1507

stack privilage (any city within 115 km banned oooto have trade fairs) storage of goods outside city not allowed.

LEIPZIG 1650s LEIPZIG 1800s

Hallischen Tor (North Gate)

city expands outwards, adding gates further out

4 Ranstadter Tor (West Gate) 2 Grimmaiche Tor (East Gate)

3 Petersotor (South Gate)

Hallischen Tor (North Gate)

1550s

three bastions are built at corner points of the city

1632

battle of LĂźtzen

1650

the worlds first daily newspaper is published in Leipzig

1723-50

Johann Sebastian Bach works as the towns musical direoctor and choirmaster at the St Thomas Church

1765-68

Johann Wolfgang Goeth e studies at University of Leipzig

1813

Richard Wagner is born in a house on the BrĂźhl

the Battle oof Leipzig

1813

Battle of Leipzig between Napoleonic France and alied coalition of Prussia, Russia, Austria and Sweden, ending Napoleans presence in Germany

Petersotor (South Gate)

1826

The publishing company Brockhaus begins industrial scale book production.

Grimmaiche Tor (East Gate)

1839

The first long-distance railway line is opened between Leipzig and Dresden

1842

Construction of the Bavarian Railway Station.

1899 - 1905

The Pleissenburg Castle is demolished and the New Town Hall is built in its place.

LEIPZIG present day

1915: construction of the Hauptbahnhof is complete

the former city wall is now marked by the ring road around the old city centre

1880s: Prayers for Peace are held at St Nicolas Church. The Monday Demonstrations which started out along Leipzig’s inner Ring Road after the prayers brought about the peaceful reunification of Germany.

Meeting of Strauss (a politician from West Germany) and Honecker (a Communist politician from the East) at the Leipzig Spring Fair 1987

EAST GERMANY

Leipzig Trade Fair WEST GERMANY

during GDR times, the Leipzig Messe serves as a place peaceful meeting of politicians. This is moved around the city several times before being moved outside the city in 1996 to new grounds

1896

Opening of the “Städtisches Kaufhaus”, the first Messehaus (Trade Fair Hall) in the world.

1902 - 15

construction of the central station

1911

opening of Leipzig Airport

1946

the first trade fair after the war

1949 to 1990 GDR period

POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LEIPZIGER MESSE

Throughout history, the Leipzig Fair has served as a neutral meeting place despite political or religious difference. During medieval times, traders were granted protection regardless of where they were from. During the GDR period, the Leipzig Fair became an important centre for East-West trade

the Evangelical Reformed Church Leipzig

Hotel Fürstenhof Leipzig Natural History Museum

Ring-Messehaus

C 20

19 21

1. Tröndlinring The Ring-Messehaus was used for trade fairs until 1992 and, with 20, 000 sqm of floor space, was the largest inner-city exhibition in the worls. Now being converted to a hotel.

22 24

28 29

11 12

2 B

E 4 9 A

2. Brühl / Romanushaus considered the most important street of the old trading metropolis Leipzig. To the left of Romanushaus, leads to the Old Town Hall on the Leipzig market. Famous for fur trade but no longer due to seperation by the Iron Curtain The Romanushaus is considered one of the main works of the Dresden- influenced Leipzig Baroque architecture. built from 1701 to 1704, renovated in1990s

3. Nikolaistrasse now serves as the main shopping street between the central shopping streets in the couthern centre and Leipzig Hauptbahnhof

“Blue Pike” passage goes through from 16th century, building once housed up to 34 fur farms, making it a record holder. Built in 1911/12 as a fur trade house

NORTH

Seltzer’s House built in 1908/09, decorated with details showing fur animals made of copper

1 2 3

Mädlerpassage leads to Auerbachs Keller

4 5 6 7

4. Grimmaische street / Mädlerpassage often considered the most expensive shopping street in Germany (exclusing Berlin)

Altes Rathaus a passageway through the Old Town Hall, connecting the Market Square and Naschmarkt with the Old Trade Exchange Mädler-Passage 140 metres long, now a shopping street and tourist attraction. Königshauspassage during the 18th century Saxon Rulers, as well as Peter the Great and Napolean, stayed in Königshaus. The passage was built in 1932. Messehofpassage opened in 1950 at the Autumn fair, was redesigned recently Bauwenshaus completed in 1994 Petersbogen restores the historical connection between Schloßgasse and St. Peter’s Road after the Yrui dicum passage was detroyed in the war. Stentzlers Hof built between 1914 and 1916

Königshaus Messehaus am Markt (the royal house) (fair-house-on-the-market) forms entrance to the built in 1963, has since Königshaus Passage, built in been renovated 1610, housed Peter the Great 1

the Handelshof formerly one of the large inner-city fair houses, today houses a hotel

the Old Townhall the Old Stock Exchange built between 1678 and 1687 for Leipzig merchants

5 4

5. Salzgäßchen - Old Town Hall The Salzgäßchen is a short stretch of road between the Leipziger Markt and the Reichsstrasse in the old town of Leipzig.

ARCHITECTURE RESULTING FROM CITYS’ TRADE HISTORY

LEIPZIGS NETWORK OF PASSAGES, ARCADES AND COURTYARDS

Leipzig was the first city in the world to host a sample trade fair. Trading palaces and courtyards were constructed to showcase and sell the stylish, luxury wears on offer. Between 1893 and 1938, around 50 of these were constructed. Whilst such passages are not unique to Leipzig, the amount of them within the centre and the network created is.

storage roooms

formerly exhibition areas

now used as offices

the passage was used as a fair houseo for porcelain, wine and leather, a troadition which ocontinued even in GDR times entrance to Auerbachs Keller

(famous for Faust and Goethe)

arcade originally useod for viewing goods, under protection from weather entrance large enough to allow vehicles enter

MAEDLER PASSAGE

shop fronts to market place

TRADE FAIR WITHIN THE CITY CENTRE until the current trade grounds were built, the fair took place within the city centre with streets decorated and citizens of the city involved in many ways, for instance housing traders in their home in exchange for goods 31

Existing Train Station

Höfe am Brühl Shopping Centre

Market Square

Leipzig University St. Thomas Church Concert Hall

SITE AREA

site location 100m SITE PLAN @ 1:2000

city centre

RELATIONSHIP OF THE HAUPTBAHNHOF TO THE CITY CENTRE connection to key buildings and places 34

Prussian State Railways

half of station

Royal Saxon State Railways half of station

Main Entrance to Westhalle formerly Prussian State Railways entrance

Secondary Entrance

Prussian State Railways Secondary Entrance

Prussian State Railways Platforms 1 - 13

Central Promenade

a shopping mall consisting of around 140 shops with a footfall of more than 68, 000 per day on average

Royal Saxon State Railways Platforms 14 - 26

Prussian State Railways Main Entrance

Platforms

21 platforms: 2 for the CityTunnel 19 for long-distance trains also 1 â&#x20AC;&#x153;musuem-trackâ&#x20AC;?

Royal Saxon State Railways Main Entrance

Royal Saxon State Railways Secondary Entrance

Entrance

secondary entrance from street directly to shopping mall, alongside ticket offices

Office Spaces

plus back of house and services

Main Station Building

Central Promenade

LEIPZIG HAUPTBAHNHOF Original Station Architecture 36

Train Shed

LEIPZIG HAUPTBAHNHOF Key Spaces 37

City Tunnel Addition

in 2013, railway lines 1 - 6 were removed to allow for an entrance to the City Tunnel. The City Tunnel line connects the Hauptbahnhof to several stops in the city, most notably the market square and the Bayerische Bahnhof

Converting the Promenade to a Shopping Mall

After German reunification, the station was renovated and modernized by the Deutsche Bahn AG. The concourse floor was removed and two basement levels were dug out to create a shopping mall. Other areas of the building were largely restored and modernized at the time. The modified station building was inaugurated on 12 November 1997.

Changing of the Station frontage

Early images of the station show a largely pedestrianised zone in front of the station. With the rising popularity of the automobile and the increase in city population and therefore larger volumes of tram services, this area has become busier and congested. The original park has been retained but is not in great use and acts as a barrier between the city and station.

LEIPZIG HAUPTBAHNHOF images from interior 38

LEIPZIG HAUPTBAHNHOF key adaptations from original design 39

SITE AREA

SITE AREA TO BE PEDESTRIANISED a pedestrian zone is to connect the existing hauptbahnhof with the city centre. This will provide a new public plaza space as well as the Hyperloop Station

CONNECTION TO CITY CENTRE e.g. the concert hall is a popular venue in the city. The route from the site area to the concert hall will be improved TRAM LINES TO BE RETAINED tram services are fundamental to the functioning of the city and will be kept, however the platforms and shelter will be redesigned

PARK TO BE REDESIGNED the park is currently not a very cynamic space and acts as a visual barrier between the station and the city. This will be incorporated into the new public plaza

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ADDRESSING THE SITE 40

pods to street traffic

1. Hyperloop station to be built below street level

2. Market space is to have a presence at street level and Hyperloop station level

3. Transition area between old station and new station creates new public plaza

4. Street level areas will be redesigned to provide new public plaza and space for market to extend outside

1. Transporter arrives at the portal

passenger area

vin

ri Ar

arti

2. Pods detach from the transporter

INDIVIDUAL PODS are essentially self-driving cars which can pick up passengers from anywhere outside the

PROPOSAL STRATEGY

PASSENGER ENVIRONMENT pods allow for different environments depending on users needs

Park Hotel Leipzig

MĂźller Park

7 lanes of road traffic 4 tram tracks with stops in front of station

Existing train station

3. Pods either move to a gate or into the city

ADJOINED PODS pods connect to one another witin the transporter

4. Each pod has an individual gate where passengers board/ alight

EXISTING SITE SECTION

TRANSPORTER the transporter is a pressurised vehicles which travels in thr low-pressure environment of the tube

ABOVE, KEY SYSTEM COMPONENTS

5. Pods behave as self-driving vehicles which can join typical road traffic

SITE STRATEGY

ABOVE, HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS

HYPERLOOP PLATFORM TYPOLOGY: PRECEDENT 1 Proposal by BIG

5. Empty seating is rotated and lifted to level 1

1. Arrival on level 0

1. Arrival on Level 1

5. Seating moves into next available pod

2. Pod moves onto elevator

6. Pod rotates and moves into tunnel

3. Seating and capsule detach

7. Pod departs from station via tunnel on lower level

6. Passengers board the seating

seating and capsule detach

7. Seating attaches to capsule and they depart

3. Capsule is rotated and lifted to level 1, seating is moved so passengers can alight

g Level 1: Boardin

m alighting platfor

and departure

latform

gp boardin

4. Capsule is ready for next available seating

4. Seating moves to alighting platform

s and alighting

Level 1: Arriving pod ting d aligh

rrival an

:A Level 0

ods

: Go

el -1 Lev

: Level 0

HYPERLOOP PLATFORM TYPOLOGY: PRECEDENT 2

rture

d depa

ing an

Board

HYPERLOOP PLATFORM TYPOLOGY: PRECEDENT 3

1. Pod arrives on Level 1

4. Elevator turns the pod to face the right direction for departure

5. Pod goes to departure platform where passengers board

2. Passengers alight on Level 1 platforms

6. Pod enters departure tunnel

3. Pod goes onto elevator and moves up to departure level

back of house spaces

2: Level

riva

: Ar

l1 Leve

HYPERLOOP PLATFORM TYPOLOGY: PRECEDENT 4 Designed by RB Systems

rture

Depa

POTENTIAL POD ARRANGEMENTS AND BOARDING PATTERNS

Singple platform per pod allows for more efficient movement of passengers

Chosen arrangement

Platforms are shared by two pods, allowing for more dense arrangement

Pods travel in and out on two seperate, parallel tracks

Platforms and boarding take place adjacent to track

6 Arrival platforms 6 Departure platforms Pods per hour: 144 Passenger Capacity per hour: 7200 Typical train platform layout

Departures Arrivals

12.2m 2.43m

Arrivals Platform

Departure Concourse

DEFINING POD SIZE AND PLATFORM TYPOLOGY

Departure Platform

Arrivals Track for Pods

Arrivals Concourse

Departure Track for Pods

DESIGN OF PLATFORMS

Option 1 central â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;bubbleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; mirrored in horizontal plane