ì¶mnH$Vm Ambr.. AmVm gImobVm ¶mdr... M¡Ìnmbdr
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ Amnë¶m hmVr XoVmZm Amåhmbm {deof g‘mYmZ hmoV Amho. ¶m A§H$mÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ Jobr 13 df} dmMH$m§Mr d¡Mm[aH$ ^yH$ ^mJ{dʶmMo H$m‘ H$arV AmhmoV. qMVZmË‘H$ {df¶m§Mr gImob MMm© H$aUmam EH$ g§X^© A§H$ åhUyZ g‘rjH$m§Zr Zoh‘rM ZmdmObobo Amho. ¶§Xmhr AgmM gdmªÀ¶mM CËgwH$VoMm Am{U {Oìhmù¶mMm {df¶ KoD$Z ¶oV AmhoV. ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZmZo àXmZ Ho$boë¶m A{^춊Vr ñdmV§Í¶mMm bm^ KoD$Z EH$ Zdr OrdZg¥îQ>r bm^ë¶m‘wio àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Zr Amnbo ñWmZ {Z{d©dmX {Z‘m©U Ho$bo Amho. AmO gd©gm‘mݶm§À¶m OrdZmVhr ‘mܶ‘m§Zr Amnbm R>gm C‘Q>{dbm Amho. ‘mܶ‘ ¶wJmV ‘w{ÐV, BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ Am{U g‘mO ‘mܶ‘o Agm àdmg KS>V ho joÌ A{YH$ {dñVmaVo Amho. d¥ËVnÌ hr g‘mO‘ZmMm Amagm AgVmV. nÌH$m[aVm ho H$R>moa d«V Amho... dgm Amho. g‘mO‘ZmMr ‘emJV H$ê$Z ˶mbm BîQ> diU bmdUmar nÌH$m[aVm hr ‘moR>r eŠVr AgVo, D$Om© AgVo. nÌH$m[aVm åhUOo EH$ ImobgmJa, {d{dYVm, {Od§VnUm, {Za§Va g˶mMm emoY. ‘hmamîQ´>mÀ¶m nÌH$m[aVobm Jm¡adembr na§nam Amho. bmoH${ejU, bmoH$OmJ¥Vr ¶m ‘hmZ VËËdm§da hr na§nam AmOhr {Q>Hy$Z Amho, qH$~hþZm Vr {Q>H$dyZ R>odUo ho ‘mܶ‘H$‘vMo H$V©ì¶ Amho. AZoH$ pñW˶§Vao ¶m na§naoZo AZw^dbr. BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ nÌH$m[aVoMo EH$ ¶wJhr AdVabo. AmO gmè¶mM joÌmV ‘mܶ‘o A{YamÁ¶ JmOdV AmhoV. ‘mܶ‘m§Mo AmOMo ñdê$n H$m¶? Vr H$moU˶m diUmda C^r AmhoV ¶mMr MMm© KS>mdr ¶mgmR>r ho d¡Mm[aH$ ì¶mgnrR> C^mabo Amho. AmO ñnYm© àM§S> Amho. ñnY}V Aìdb Z§~a amIʶmgmR>r ‘mܶ‘joÌmbm YS>nS> H$amdr bmJV Amho. nU ho H$arV AgVmZm ˶m§Zr Amnbm ‘yi AmË‘m hadVm H$m‘m Z¶o. Zdg‘mO{Z{‘©VrMr VmH$X ¶m ‘mܶ‘mV Amho.
AmO ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§nwT>o ~è¶mM {dd§MZm AmhoV. nU d¡Mm[aH$Vm g§ny Z¶o, ¶mMr H$miOr KoVbr nm{hOo. bmoH$emhr {ZH$mon Agob Va nÌH$m[aVm {ZH$mon amhrb. Amnbr ~wÕr Am{U ^mdZm e~b Z hmoVm à~iM amhVrb AgmM à¶ËZ nÌH$mam§Zr H$amdm. ‘mܶ‘g¥îQ>rbm ì¶mnH$Vm Ambr, AmVm A{YH$ gImobVm ¶mdr. à~moYZmMm dgm KoVboë¶m emoYH$ nÌH$m[aVoMr AmO JaO Amho. Ag§»¶ àíZ S>moù¶m§g‘moa C^o AmhoV, ¶mMr CËVao H$moU emoYUma? ‘mܶ‘H$‘vZr ì¶dgm¶mnbrH$S>o OmdyZ nwÝhm EH$Xm "OmJ˶m'Mr ^y{‘H$m KoVbr nm{hOo. Aä¶mgy, Aܶ¶Zerb nÌH$mam§Mr EH$ ’$ir Amho, nU {VMo à‘mU A˶ën Amho. gw‘mao 60 hÿZ A{YH$ df} ‘r nÌH$m[aVoÀ¶m joÌmV Amho. nwbmImbyZ ~aoM nmUr dmhÿZ Jobo Amho. EH$ Á¶oîR>ËdmMr g§Yr KoD$Z ZdnÌH$mam§Zm Am{U pñWamdboë¶m§Zmhr H$mhr gm§Jmdg§ dmQ>V§¶. ‘mܶ‘ a§JmMo gm‘϶© AmoiIm. H$maU ¶mMr OmUrd Á¶m§Zm AgVo Vr d¥ËVnÌo Am{U nÌH$ma {H$Vrhr H$mi CbQ>bm Var bmoH$‘mZgmÀ¶m ñ‘aUmVyZ OmV Zmhr, OmUma ZmhrV. ‘amR>r nÌH$m[aVm g¥îQ>rbm VoOñdr dmagm bm^V Amho. nU Ho$di ^yVH$mimMm AmT>mdm KoD$Z B{Vhmg {Z‘m©U hmoV Zmhr. na§naoMo JwUJmZ JmD$Z Zd{Z{‘©VrMr dmQ> V¶ma hmoV Zmhr. dV©‘mZ nhmdo bmJob. hmVmV Ambobr boIUrMr àVmaUm H$ê$ ZH$m. {VMr eŠVr AmoiIm... ‘r Z ‘mPm, ‘r OJmMm ^madmhr nrR> H$mio dMZm§Mo MmiVmo ‘r!! ¶m H$mì¶n§ŠVr gVV ‘ZmV KmoidV R>odm...
lr. dm. Zob}H$a
lo & ¶ & Zm & ‘m & d & br
ì¶mg {H«$EeÝg²
g§nmXH$ … lr. dm. Zob}H$a àH$meH$ … Zrboe Jm¶H$dmS> ì¶mg {H«$EeÝg² {deofm§H$ g‘Ýd¶H$ … à{Vð>m Hw$bH$Uu-gmoZQ>¸o$ {deof ghH$m¶© … S>m°. AZw{àVm ZmB©H$-Xoenm§S>o amOoe XogmB©, amOoe Xm^moiH$a ‘§Xma KaV, g§Xoe {O‘Z 춧J{MÌo … ‘mYd gmZo ‘wIn¥ð> d ‘m§S>Ur … gwYra ‘wUJoH$a àH$meZ … M¡Ì ewÕ em{bdmhZ eHo$ 1941 6 E{àb 2019 Tel.: 022-25447038 / 9967839510 l vyascreations@gmail.com l www.vyascreations.com l www.facebook.com/joinVyascreations
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gXa A§H$ ì¶mg {H«$EeÝg²H$[aVm ‘mbH$, ‘wÐH$ d àH$meH$ Zrboe Jm¶H$dmS> ¶m§Zr Am¶©XþJm©, S>m|{~dbr ¶oWyZ ‘w{ÐV H$ê$Z S>r-4, gm‘§V ãbm°Šg², K§Q>mir nW, Zm¡nmS>m, R>mUo (n.) ¶oWo àH$m{eV Ho$bm. l ¶m A§H$mVrb boIH$m§Mr ‘Vo ˶m§Mr d¡¶pŠVH$ AgyZ ˶mÀ¶mer g§nmXH$ Am{U àH$meH$ gh‘V AgVrbM Ago Zmhr. l gXa {deofm§H$mVrb boIm§~m~V Amnë¶m à{V{H«$¶m qH$dm gyMZm Amåhmbm Oê$a H$idmì¶mV.
kmZmMr AdrQ> Am|Oi! ‘mܶ‘m§H$Sy>Z
‘m{hVrM§ AmXmZàXmZ hmoV AgV§. ˶m ‘m{hVrM§ AZwH$aU ‘mUg§ H$aVmV. hr ‘m{hVr ¶mo½¶, {dídmgmh© Agmdr. ¶mgmR>r {H$VrVar ‘mܶ‘§ H$m¶©aV AmhoV. ˶m§À¶m H$m‘mMm AmdmH$m, ì¶mn AM§{~V H$aUmam Amho. ¶m joÌmV g‘mYmZmMr aof Amobm§S>Vm ¶oVo. nU ˶mgmR>r A’$mQ> H$ï> H$aʶmMr V¶mar Agmdr bmJVo. gmV˶mZ§ ZdZd§ XoʶmMr Bfm© ‘ZmV ~miJyZ ‘mܶ‘H$‘u PQ>V AgVmV. Vr D$Om© dmMH$m§Zm ‘J hdrhdrer dmQ>Vo. ¶m dmMH$m§Mr embrZVm {Q>H$dyZ R>odʶmgmR>r VmaodaMr H$gaV AZoH$m§Zm H$amdr bmJVo. AmO ‘mܶ‘mVrb H$m‘mbm doJ Ambm Amho. àM§S> OrdKoUr ñnYm© gwê$ Pmbr Amho. ¶m ñnY}V VJ YaVmZm H$m¡eë¶ nUmbm bmdyZ ‘mUg§ H$m‘ H$aV AmhoV. ˶mMo Mm§Jbo [aPëQ>gwÕm ~Km¶bm {‘iV AmhoV. Hw$R>ë¶mhr joÌmV n¡gm hm ‘hËdmMm KQ>H$ Amho, ho g˶ Amho. ˶mZwgma ~Xb H$ê$Z dmMH$m§Zm ~mdZH$er ‘°Q>a XoʶmMr gH$mamË‘H$ d¥Îmr AmZ§X XoUmar Amho. ‘mܶ‘ hm {df¶ ‘ZmV {H$VrVar {Xdg KmoiV am{hbm. a|JmiV am{hbm. ‘mܶ‘m§Mm AmdmH$m ‘moR>m Amho. Am{U ˶mMr JaO hr gdmªgmR>r ¶w{ZH$ Amho. ˶m‘wio ¶m {df¶mbm ñne© H$aVmZm ˶mMm AZoH$m§Jr {dMma H$ê$Z Mm§Jb§, XO}Xma boIZ {deofm§H$mV XoʶmMr C‘u AMmZH$ ~imdbr. ‘J ˶mÑï>rZo nmdbo nSy> bmJbr. ì¶mg {H«$EeÝg² àH$meZ g§ñWobm 13 dfmªÀ¶m dmQ>MmbrH$[aVm ZwH$VmM ‘w§~B© ‘amR>r gm{h˶ g§KmMm ‘mZmMm {d. nw. ^mJdV nwañH$ma ‘mݶdam§À¶m CnpñWVrV {‘imbm. Vo dmVmdaU, {VWbr Wmoa ‘mUg§§, Á¶m§Zm H$Yr Var nonamVyZ~mV‘rÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ nm{hb§ hmoV§, Vo jU g§ñ‘aUr¶ amhVrb. Amnë¶m H$m‘mMr nmoMnmdVr dS>rbYmè¶m ‘mUgmZo {Xbr H$s, Am^mi R>|JU§ hmoD$Z OmV§. VrM ^mdZm ‘ZmV Amho. JwT>rnmS>ì¶mbm 14 ì¶m dfmªV nXmn©U H$aVmZm EH$ doJi§ g‘mYmZ Mohè¶mda Amho. ‘amR>‘moi§ Zddf© gmOa§ H$aVmZm ‘hmamï´>mV JwT>rnmS>ì¶mMr nma§n[aH$Vm XoemVhr MM} Mm {df¶ R>aVo. àM§S> Omoe, O„mofmZ§ ‘amR>r ‘mUyg nmS>dm gmOam H$aVmo. ¶m dmVmdaUmV Jobr 13 df} "M¡Ìnmbdr' ZmdmMm {deofm§H$ {d{dY {df¶ KodyZ àH$m{eV H$aVmo. AmOda à{gÕ Pmboë¶m gd© {deofm§H$m§Mo {X½JOm§Zr H$m¡VwH$ Ho$b§. à{gÕr ‘mܶ‘m§Zr nmR> WmonQ>br. à{gÕrMm hm Xþdm gmo~V KoD$Z ì¶mgMr ¶eñdr dmQ>Mmb gwê$ Amho.
‘r ñdV… nÌH$ma åhUyZ H$ma{H$XuMr gwédmV Ho$ë¶mZo àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Mr Zo‘H$s VmH$X ‘bm R>mD$H$ Amho. ˶m‘wio ¶m Q>ß߶mda ‘mܶ‘m§Zm ñne© H$aUmam n[anyU© {deofm§H$ àH$m{eV H$aʶmMr ¶moOZm ‘ZmV AmIbr. AmXaUr¶ Á¶oð> nÌH$ma lr. dm. Zob}H$a ¶m§Zr ¶m g§H$ënZobm hmoH$ma {Xbm. ‘J MMm©, ~¡R>H$m KoD$Z H$m¶-H$m¶ H$aVm ¶oB©b ¶mMo AmS>mIo ~m§Ybo. hm {df¶ g‘wÐmgmaIm AWm§J Amho. ˶m‘wio OmñVrV OmñV Vnerb XoVmZm A§H$ dmMZr¶ ìhmdm, Ag§ R>adyZ ê$naofm V¶ma Ho$br. B©-‘ob, ìhm°Q²gAn, ’o$g~wH$ ¶m AmOÀ¶m V§ÌkmZmMr ‘XV KoD$Z ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ AmH$mamg ¶oD$ bmJbm. ‘mܶ‘ joÌmV H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m gd© ‘moR>çm nXmdarb ‘mܶ‘H$‘vZr {b{hVmZm ˶m§Mm H$gXma AZw^d boImV CVadbm. ho gJio boI ‘mܶ‘ joÌmVbo ~Xb {Q>nV AmOM§ dmñVd ‘m§S>VmV. n[adV©ZmMm AMyH$ YmJm nH$Sy>Z ‘mܶ‘m§Mr gH$mamË‘H$Vm gm§Jy nmhV AmhoV. nÌH$m[aVoH$S>o VéU dJ© ‘moRçm g§»¶oZo diV AmhoV. ˶m§Zm ¶m joÌmM§ ½b°‘a ^wai nmS>V§¶. ‘mÌ dV©‘mZ Am{U ^{dî¶ ¶m§Mm J§^ra {dMma H$aVmZm geº$ {nT>r KS>dʶmM§ H$m‘ Hw$UrVar Ho$b§ nm{hOo. ‘bm ‘mPr hr ZwgVr JaO dmQ>br Zmhr, Va Vo ‘mܶ‘ H$V©ì¶ dmQ>b§. åhUyZ hm gmam IQ>mQ>mon. boI {ZdS>VmZm ˶m-˶m boIH$m§À¶m AZw^dm§Zm àmYmݶ {Xb§ Job§. g„m‘gbV Ho$br. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ n[anyU© ìhmdm, ¶mgmR>r g§nmXH$s¶ Q>r‘ PQ>V am{hbr. doJdoJio eha-Jmd§ ¶m§À¶m Hw$erV dmT>boë¶m ‘mܶ‘H$‘vZr ˶m§Mr kmZmMr Am|Oi {XbIwbmg [aVr Ho$br. ì¶mg {H«$EeÝg² àH$meZ g§ñWoÀ¶m bm¡{H$H$mbm gmOogm {deofm§H$ ìhmdm, hr YS>nS> Am{U YS>YS> ¶m jUr H$m¶‘ Amho. ‘mܶ‘m§Zr gm-¶m§ZmM ì¶mnyZ Q>mH$bo Amho. "~«oqH$J ݶyO bmB’$' hr Zdr e¡br Amnë¶mV {dgmdbr. ˶mVyZ ‘m{hVrM§ OJ AJXr Odi Amb§¶. EH$m goH§$XmV Iyn H$mhr kmZ YmS>{Xer g§JUH$mda AdVaV§. Vo gJi§ AX^wV Amho. ‘mܶ‘m§Mm B{Vhmg, dV©‘mZ ¶m§Mm Ym§S>moim KoV KoV A§H$ gmH$mabm Amho. {dMmaerb-H¥${Verb R>mog hmVr bmJb§ nm{hOo. ¶m hoVyZo ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ Vw‘Mr ~m¡{ÕH$ ^yH$ ^mJdob. ˶mMà‘mUo Zì¶m nÌH$mam§Zm ‘mJ©Xe©H$ R>aob. {edm¶ {dÚ‘mZ nÌH$ma, ‘mܶ‘ KQ>H$m§Zm dmMʶmMog‘OʶmMo Zdo Am¶m‘ XoB©b, Aer ‘mPr ^mdZm Amho. gdmªZm ‘amR>r Zddfm©À¶m ‘Z…nyd©H$ ew^oÀN>m!! - Amnbm,
Zrboe
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ-1 (‘mܶ‘m§Mm B{Vhmg)
‘mܶ‘ A§Va§J-EH$ Ñ{ï>jon n ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§Mm CX¶> Am{U {dH$mg n ñdmV§Í¶moÎma d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr dmQ>Mmb n eHw$Z gm§JVr H$mhr n AJ«boIm§Mm X~X~m n Bbo³Q´>m°{Z³g ‘mܶ‘m§Mo OJV n 춧J{MÌm§Mr VmH$X n AmH$medmUrMr bmoH${à¶Vm n 춧J{MÌ gmám{hH$mMm n{hbm ‘mZ-qhXÿn§M ‘mܶ‘ XmbZ-2 n ‘hmamï´>mVrb J«m‘rU OZOrdZ (‘mܶ‘m§Mo g‘mOOrdZ) Am{U àgma‘mܶ‘o n {dYm¶H$VoÀ¶m dmQ>oda n àgma‘mܶ‘o Am{U gm‘m{OH$ ^mZ n àgma ‘mܶ‘o Am{U órà{V‘m n Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘o Am{U VéUmB© n àgma‘mܶ‘o Am{U ~mbOJV n ‘emb H$s H$mo{bV? n gm{hp˶H$ nÌH$m[aVm n àgma ‘mܶ‘§ Am{U gm{h˶ ‘mܶ‘ XmbZ-3 n ‘mܶ‘m§Mr ^mfm (‘mܶ‘m§Mo dV©‘mZ) n {ZdS>UwH$m Am{U àgma‘mܶ‘o n {deof ‘mܶ‘ a§J n Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maU… ^maVr¶ ‘mܶ‘m§Mr Ñï>r n ݶyO M°ZëgMr {dídmgmh©Vm n ‘mܶ‘ {ejU n g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mr hdm n g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§Mr {dídmgmh©Vm n g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm {dYm¶H$ dmna ‘mܶ‘ XmbZ-4 n AmË‘m hadbobr nÌH$m[aVm n àoP|Q> BO na’o$³Q> n Am°’$ X aoH$m°S>© n AmoT> Xrjm§VMr … {OÔ dmVmªH$ZmMr H${dVm eãXH$moS>o
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S>m°. adtÐ qMMmobH$a S>m°. {edmOr OmYd O‘ra H$mPr adtÐ Jmoio {XZH$a am¶H$a a{damO J§Yo {ddoH$ ‘ohoÌo> C‘m Xr{jV lr. dm. Zob}H$a
3 7 11 14 17 21 25 28 31
qMVm‘U nmQ>rb
37
S>m°. lrH$m§V C‘arH$a 41 AO¶ H$m¡{Q>H$dma 44 S>m°. {Zem ‘wS>o-ndma 47 ‘wHw§$X ’$S>Ho$ 50 EH$ZmW AmìhmS> 54 S>m°. AÛ¡V nmܶo 59 à{Vð>m gmoZQ>¸o$ 62 AZ§V Xoe‘wI 66 dmgwXod Hw$bH$Uu 71 AbmoH$ OÌmQ>H$a 75 lram‘ nqMÐo 80 AZ¶ OmoJioH$a 84 {‘qbX ^mJdV 87 e{eH$m§V H$moR>oH$a 90 gwZrb gm‘§V 93 {ZZmX àYmZ 97 A‘o¶ ‘hmOZ 101 gmonmZ ~m|JmUo {dZmoX {nVio amOoe Xm^moiH$a gm¶br Omoer
Jm¡ar ~mdS>oH$a n am‘Xmg Iao n
eãXH$moS>o
n
AmË‘mam‘ ZmQ>oH$a>
107 109 111 115 6 103 114
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 1 ‘mܶ‘m§Mm B{Vhmg bmoH$emhrMm MVwW© ñV§^ åhUOo ‘mܶ‘g¥ï>r. bmoH$emhr éO{dʶmgmR>r ‘hÎdmMr Jmoï> åhUOo OZVoMr OmJ¥H$Vm... d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ KS>Umar boIUrMr H$am‘V hr bmoH$emhrMr àM§S> VmH$X C^r H$ê$ eH$Vo hr dñVwpñWVr Amho. ¶m à^mdembr ‘mܶ‘mMr Cn¶w³VVm Am{U {VMo loð>Ëd ‘mݶ H$amdoM bmJob. ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌg¥ï>rMm B{Vhmg d¡^dembr Amho. H$mi ~Xbbm Ver ‘mܶ‘ohr ~Xbbr. ~habr. Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ¶wJmMm CX¶ Pmbm. AmH$medmUrZo A{YamÁ¶ JmO{dbo. hm gmam B{Vhmg ‘‘©J«mhr Amho. àñVwV XmbZmV ‘wÐU H$boÀ¶m CX¶mgh d¥Îmg¥ï>rMm B{Vhmg, ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘mVrb ‘hÎdmMo ñWmZq~Xÿ, Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘o, ˶m§Mr gwédmV Am{X {df¶m§da MMm© Ho$br Amho.
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 1
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 1
‘mܶ‘m§Mo A§Va§J EH$ Ñ{ï>jon S>m°. adtÐ qMMmobH$a
{d^mJà‘wI d¥¥ÎmnÌ{dÚm d g§dmXemó, gmobmnya
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Uyg Am{U Ordg¥ï>rVrb BVa àmUr‘mÌ ¶mV EH$M ‘moR>m ’$aH$ Amho Vmo åhUOo ‘mUgmV {Okmgm AWdm Hw$Vwhb AgVo BVa àmUr‘mÌmV Vr Zmhr. ¶m {OkmgonmoQ>r ‘mUyg {dMma H$arV Jobm Am{U ˶mMm ‘|Xÿ A{YH$ V„I Pmbm. ‘mUyg Ho$di ñdV… Mm {dMma H$arV Zmhr Va BVam§Mm, Ordg¥ï>rMm d ˶mnbrH$S>Mmhr {dMma H$aVmo. ¶m ‘mZdr {OkmgoVyZM ‘mܶ‘m§Mm OÝ‘ Pmbm. "‘mܶ‘' hm eãX ‘wimV "{‘{S>¶‘' ¶m A{g[aAZ eãXmnmgyZ V¶ma Pmbobm Amho. "‘mܶ‘' åhUOo g§dmXmMo Ago gmYZ Amho H$s Á¶mìXmao {dMma, ^mdZm, KS>m‘moS>r BVam§Zm H$i{dVm ¶oVmV. Ooìhm ‘moR>¶m OZg‘wX¶mn¶ªV ¶m ~mVå¶m, g§Xoe nmohmoMdm¶À¶m AgVmV, Voìhm EImX¶m ¶§ÌmMm/ V§ÌmMm AmYma KoVbm OmVmo, Voìhm ¶mM ‘mܶ‘m§Zm àgma ‘mܶ‘o (‘mg {‘{S>¶m) åhQ>bo OmVo. ¶m àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Zm gd©Ì "‘mܶ‘o' AgoM g§~moYbo OmVo, ˶m‘wio ¶m boImV àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Mm C„oI "‘mܶ‘o' AgmM Ho$bm Amho. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 3
‘mܶ‘m§Mo àm‘w»¶mZo nmM à‘wI àH$ma gm§JVm ¶oVrb. ˶mV nma§n[aH$ ‘mܶ‘o (bmoH$ZmQ>¶, Jm|Yi, H$sV©Z B˶mXr), ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘o (d¥ÎmnÌo, ‘m{gHo$), ÑH$lmì¶ ‘mܶ‘o (ao{S>Amo, Q>o{bìhrOZ, {MÌnQ> B˶mXr), ~mh¶ à{gÜXr ‘mܶ‘o (hmo{Sª>½O, ~°Za B˶mXr), B§Q>aZoQ> ‘mܶ‘o (g‘mO ‘mܶ‘o, ãbm°J, do~ nmoQ>©b B˶mXr) ¶m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. ‘mܶ‘m§Mr à‘wI H$m¶} åhUOo ‘m{hVr XoUo, kmZ XoUo, a§OZ H$aUo, godm XoUo Am{U à~moYZ H$aUo hr AmhoV. ‘mܶ‘ emómZwgma ~mV‘r hr n{dÌ AgVo, ˶m‘wio Vr Amho Ver X¶mdr Ago emó gm§JVo. Oa ‘Vo 춺$ H$am¶Mr AgVrb Va Vr ~mV‘rV Zìho Va boI, AJ«boImVyZ 춺$ H$am{dV Ago ‘mZbo OmV hmoVo. EH$Xm ¶ed§VamdOr MìhmU ‘w»¶‘§Ìr AgVmZm XþîH$mir ^mJmÀ¶m nmhUrg Ambo hmoVo, ˶m§À¶mgmo~V n§Yam ‘moQ>matMm Vm’$m hmoVm. AmVm hr ~mV‘r "‘w»¶‘§Í¶m§Mm Am{bemZ XþîH$mir Xm¡am' ¶m erf©H$mImbr Ambr AgVr Am{U ˶mV ‘w»¶‘§Ìr {H$Vr MwH$sMo dmJV AmhoV ¶mdaM Q>rHo$Mr PmoS> AgVr. nU ˶mdoir g§nyU© ~mV‘rV ‘w»¶‘§Ìr H$moUmbm ^oQ>bo , XþîH$mim{df¶r H$m¶ MMm© Pmbr hoM {b{hbo hmoVo. ~mV‘rÀ¶m eodQ>À¶m EH$m AmoirV ’$º$ C„oI hmoVm H$s, ‘w»¶‘§Í¶mÀ¶m Vmâ¶mV n§Yam dmhZo hmoVr. ~mV‘rÀ¶m ‘yi g§H$ënZonmgyZM ‘mܶ‘o H$er XþamdV Jobr Vo ‘mܶ‘m§Mm WmoS>Š¶mV AmT>mdm KoVmZm bjmV ¶oB©b. ^maVmV AR>amì¶m eVH$mn¶ªV ’$º$ nma§n[aH$ ‘mܶ‘o hmoVr Am{U hr ‘mܶ‘o g‘mOmVyZM CX¶mbm Ambr hmoVr. bmoH$OrdZ , bmoH$g§ñH¥$VrMo à{Vq~~ ˶mVyZ {XgV hmoVo. XiUdiUmMr ’$maer gmYZo Zgë¶mZo, hr ‘mܶ‘o d ˶mVrb g§Xoe ˶m - ˶m àXoemnwaVoM gr{‘V am{hbo. ñdmV§Í¶bT>¶mÀ¶m H$mimV bmoH$emhra AÊUm^mD$ gmR>o, A‘a eoI B˶mXtZr bmoH$OmJ¥VrgmR>r em{har ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMm à^mdr Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z KoVbm Ago H$mhr AndmX dJiVm, bmoH$‘mܶ‘m§Mm à^md gr{‘V am{hbm d hr bmoH$‘mܶ‘o nwT>o AñV§JV hmoV ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 4
Jobr. ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m {dH$mgmMr gwédmV 1454 ‘ܶo O‘©ZrVrb OmohmÝg JQ>oZ~J© ¶m§Zr hb˶m Q>§H$mMm (Q>mB©n) emoY bmdbm VoWyZ Pmbr. OJmV Am{U ^maVmV ‘wÐUmMm dmna àW‘ Y‘©J«§W N>mnʶmg Pmbm, ˶m‘wio N>mnbobo à˶oH$ Aja Iao d n{dÌ Ago ‘mZbo OmD$ bmJbo. ˶mnmR>monmR> Amboë¶m d¥ÎmnÌmVrb ~mVå¶m, ‘OHw$ambmhr g‘mOmV ‘mZmMo ñWmZ àmá Pmbo. ^maVmV ñdmV§Í¶bT>¶mÀ¶m H$mimV ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr, n§{S>V Odmhabmb Zohé, bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$, S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a, ‘m¡bmZm AmPmX, bmbm bmOnV am¶ ¶m§À¶mgh gd©M Zo˶m§Zr d¥ÎmnÌo ñdmV§Í¶ d gm‘m{OH$ bT>¶mMo gmYZ åhUyZ Cn¶moJmV AmUbr, ˶m‘wio ^maVmÀ¶m ñdmV§Í¶ bT>¶mg ‘moR>o ~i {‘imbo Am{U Xoe ñdV§Ì Pmbm. ‘mܶ‘m§Mr eº$s {H$Vr A’$mQ> AgVo ¶mMm à˶¶ gdmªZm Ambm. ˶m H$mimVrb d¥ÎmnÌo ‘VnÌo hmoVr, Vr ~hþVm§er g‘mO{hVmgmR>r H$m¶© H$arV hmoVr. ˶m‘wio ˶m§Mo ~møñdê$n Amo~S>Ymo~S> Am{U H¥$îUYdb Agbo Var, ˶m§Mo A§Va§J ho gw§Xa, n{dÌ hmoVo. AmVm JwiJwirV H$mJXmda ~wi~wirV eãXmV a§JrV, AmH$f©H$ N>nmB© hmoV Amho. ~mh¶ ñdê$nmV gw§Xa ^mgUmè¶m ¶m ~hþVm§er d¥VnÌ, ‘m{gH$m§Mo A§Va§J ‘mÌ Hw$én Amho. 1913 ‘ܶo {gZo‘m ho Zdo ‘mܶ‘ ^maVmV CnbãY Pmbo. XmXmgmho~ ’$miHo$, ~m~wamd n|Q>a, ìhr.em§Vmam‘, {dîUwn§V Xm‘bo, g˶{OV ao, ‘¥Umb goZ, í¶m‘ ~oZoJb, JmoqdX {ZhbmZr ¶m§À¶mgh AZoH$ {X½Xe©H$m§Zr Mm§Jë¶m {MÌnQ>m§Mr {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br. ‘mÌ ^maVr¶ g‘mO‘Z ‘gmbm {MÌnQ>m§À¶m Xþ{Z¶oVM a‘‘mU Pmbo. ˶m‘wio Jmob‘mb gma»¶m ^§nH$ {MÌnQ>mMo nmM-nmM ^mJ {ZKVmV Am{U à˶oH$ ^mJ 100 H$moQ>rnojm A{YH$ H$‘mB© H$aVmo ho {MÌ {XgVo. {gZo‘mbm Ho$di a§OZmMo gmYZ ‘mZbo Joë¶mZo, ¶m ‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m Iè¶m eº$sH$S>o Xþb©j Pmbo. ‘maYmS>, qhgmMma, ~bmËH$ma, ào‘Ñí¶o, Am¶Q>o‘ gm°J hoM {gZo‘mÀ¶m ¶emMo J‘H$ ~Zbo Amho. ˶m‘wio ¶m {gZo‘mMo A§Va§Jhr H$bw{fV Pmbo Amho.
1927 Z§Va Z^modmUrMr ( ao{S>Amo ) gwédmV Pmbr. ¶m ‘mܶ‘mbm àma§^r B§J«Om§Zr Am{U ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va ^maVr¶ gaH$maZo ~§YZmV R>odbo. 1990 Z§Va ImOJr E’$.E‘.bm nadmZJr XoʶmV Ambr ‘mÌ, ’$º$ JmUr dmO{dʶmgmR>rM. ˶m‘wio ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMr eº$s emgH$s¶ àMma Am{U a§OZ ¶m ~§YZmV AS>Hy$Z nS>br Amho. ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMo Iao A§Va§J CKS> hmoD$M eH$bobo Zmhr. 1959 Z§Va {MÌdmUrMm (Q>o{bpìhOZ) CX¶ Pmbm. ¶m ‘mܶ‘mbmhr àma§^r gaH$mar ~§YZmV R>odbo Jobo, 1990 Z§Va AMmZH$ ~§YZmVyZ ‘wº$ H$aʶmV Ambo. AmVm ~mVå¶m§À¶m 400 Am{U BVa 500 Aem EH§$Xa 900 nojm A{YH$ {MÌdm{hݶm AmhoV. ~hþamï´>r¶ H§$nݶm§Zr ¶m joÌmda H$ãOm Ho$bm Amho. Om{hamVtgmR>r dmQ>ob ˶m VS>OmoS>r H$aʶmV Am{U nm{ü‘m˶ H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr ^«ï> Z¸$b H$arV {dXoer g§ñH¥$Vr bmXʶmVM ho ‘mܶ‘ YݶVm ‘mZV Amho. ˶m‘wio {MÌdmUrZohr {ZamemM Ho$br. 1990 Z§Va B§Q>aZoQ> d ˶mZ§Va g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§Mm (gmoeb {‘{S>¶m) CX¶ Pmbm. à˶oH$ ^maVr¶ ‘mUyg ’o$g~wH$, ìhm°Q>gAn, pìQ>Q>a, ¶y Q>¶y~ qH$dm BVa H$moU˶m Var g‘mO ‘mܶ‘mMm ^anya dmna H$aVmo Amho. ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ H$moUmbmhr 춺$ hmoVm ¶oVo. Amnbr ‘Vo, {dMma, pìh{S>Amo nmR>{dVm ¶oVmV. ¶m ‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m A‘¶m©X eº$sMm g‘mO{hVmgmR>r gH$mamË‘H$ dmna H$aʶmEodOr, ìXof, OmVr¶Vm, qhgH$ {dMma nga{dʶmgmR>r ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMm dmna A{YH$ hmoVmo Amho. ˶m‘wio X§Jbr CgiVmVM AWdm VUmd Agë¶mg gd©àW‘ g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§da ~§Xr KmVbr OmVo. g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§ìXmao ImoQ>¶m, àMmaH$s ~mVå¶m nga{dʶmMm Y§Xm amOamog gwê$ Pmbm Amho. ¶m H$m‘mgmR>r Q´>mob Am‘u V¡ZmV H$aʶmV Ambr Amho. ¶m g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§Mo ‘mbH$ naXoemV Agë¶mZo, ˶mVrb ‘OHw$amda à{V~§Y Kmbʶmg gaH$ma d H$m¶Xo Anwao nS>V AmhoV. ‘wbo-‘wbr g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ì¶gZmÀ¶m Amhmar OmV Agë¶mZo nmbH$ qMVmJ«ñV AmhoV.
‘mo~mB©bÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ Zdo {S>{OQ>b ‘mܶ‘ AmVm AdVaV Amho. CÚmMo ^{dî¶ ho ‘mo~mBb^modVrM {’$aUmao AgUma Amho, ¶mMr PbH$ ¶mVyZ nmhm¶bm {‘iVo. {gZo‘mnojm Q>rìhrMm nS>Xm N>moQ>m åhUyZ ˶mbm N>moQ>m nS>Xm åhUyZ {hUdbo Om¶Mo. ˶mhrnojm N>moQ>¶m ‘mo~mB©bÀ¶m nS>Úmda AmVm gmao OJ gm‘mdbo OmV Amho. ¶m ‘mo~mBbdarb Joåg Am{U do~ {g[aOZo nwT>À¶m H$mimMr MwUyH$ XmIdm¶bm gwédmV Ho$br Amho. ˶m‘wio ¶mnwT>À¶m H$mimVrb ‘mܶ‘m§Mo A§Va§J ho A{YH$ g§Hw${MV, A{YH$ ^¶mdh Agob AerM eŠ¶Vm A{YH$ Amho. Iao Va ^maVmVrb ‘mܶ‘o ~S>¶m ^m§S>dbXmam§À¶m Am{U Om{hamVXmam§À¶m H$MmQ>¶mV OmD$ Z¶oV Aer ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr Am{U KQ>ZmH$ma S>m°.~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a ¶m§Mr BÀN>m hmoVr. ‘mܶ‘m§Zr g‘mOmMo {dœñV ~ZyZ g‘mOmÀ¶m {hVmMmM {dMma gX¡d ‘m§S>mdm Aer ˶m§Mr YmaUm hmoVr. Amnë¶m d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ ¶m XmoZ ‘hm‘mZdm§Zr hmM AmXe© Amnë¶mg‘moa R>odbm Amho. n{hë¶m Am{U Xþg-¶m d¥ÎmnÌ Am¶moJm§Zrhr ¶mgmR>r AZoH$ gwYmaUm gwM{dë¶m d ˶mZwgma gaH$maZohr H$mhr H$m¶Xo Ho$bo. ‘mÌ ¶m H$m¶X¶m§Zm ~S>¶m ‘mܶ‘ g‘yhm§Zr gdm}ƒ ݶm¶mb¶mV AmìhmZ {Xbo. ݶm¶mb¶mV gaH$maZo Ho$bobo H$m¶Xo aÔ R>abo, ˶m‘wio ^maVmVrb ‘mܶ‘m§Vrb JioH$mny ñnY}bm ‘moH$io amZ {‘imbo Amho. ~S>o CÚmoOH$ AWdm amOH$maUr hoM ‘mܶ‘ g‘«mQ> ~Zbo AmhoV. N>moQ>r d¥ÎmnÌo, dm{hݶm§Zm {Ji§H¥$V H$arV, AmR>-Xhm ‘mܶ‘ g‘«mQ>m§Zr Amnë¶m gm‘«mÁ¶mMm ^maVmV àM§S> {dñVma Ho$bm Amho. ¶m ‘mܶ‘ g‘«mQ>m§À¶m hmVr 70 Q>¸o$ ‘mܶ‘o AmhoV Am{U 90 Q>¸o$ OZVoMm H$ãOm ˶m§Zr {‘i{dbm Amho. ¶m ‘mܶ‘ g‘«mQ>m§Zr ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ‘yi CÔoem§Zm Am{U Z¡{VH$Vobm {Vbm§Obr {Xbr Amho. ˶m‘wio AmOÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mo A§Va§J IynM {dn[aV Amho. OZ{hVmMm {dMma H$ê$Z ‘mܶ‘o g‘mOàhar åhUyZ H$m¶© H$aVrb ¶m ^m~S>¶m AmemdmXmbm AmVm AW© ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 5
am{hbobm Zmhr. ‘mܶ‘m§‘YyZ {Xë¶m OmUmè¶m ~mVå¶m§Mr {dœmgmh©Vm Ho$ìhmM hadbobr Amho. ˶mCbQ> ‘mܶ‘m§ìXmao {Xë¶m OmUmè¶m ImoQ>¶m ~mVå¶m AmoiIUo hoM ‘moR>o AmìhmZ ~Zbo Amho. hr ‘mܶ‘o AmVm OZVogmR>r Zìho Va ~S>¶m amOH$maʶm§gmR>r, Om{hamVXmam§gmR>r H$m‘ H$arV AmhoV. {db~a l°‘ ¶m ‘mܶ‘ Aä¶mgH$mÀ¶m åhUʶmZwgma ‘mܶ‘o AZoH$nQ>tZr OmXþB© à^md dmT>{dV AmhoV. ‘mÌ hr OmXy Ho$di n¡em§gmR>r q‘Yo hmoD$Z ’o$H$ ݶyO Am{U noS> ݶyO XoUmè¶m ‘mܶ‘m§nwaVrM ‘¶m©{XV Amho. ‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo AmVm g‘mO ~XbʶmMr eº$s am{hbobr Zmhr, ˶m‘wio OZVobm a§OZmÀ¶m ‘mohnmemV Jw§JdyZ R>odʶmMo H$m‘ hr ‘mܶ‘o H$arV AmhoV. eodQ>r Ibrb {O~«mZMr Jmoï> AmR>dVo. gw§XaVm Am{U Hw$énVm ¶m XmoKr EH$Xm dóo H$mR>mda R>oD$Z EH$m VbmdmV A§Kmoirg CVaVmV. Hw$énVm ~mhoa ¶oD$Z gw§XaVoMr dóo KmbyZ niyZ OmVo. gw§XaVobm ZmB©bmOmZo Hw$énVoMr dóo n[aYmZ H$amdr bmJVmV. Iao gw§Xa H$m¶ Vo AmVm AmnUmbm AmoiImdo bmJUma Amho. ¶m n[apñWVrVhr AmeoMm EH$ {H$aU Amho. AmOhr OZ{hVmgmR>r {Zð>mnyd©H$ H$m¶© H$aUmao ‘moOHo$ nÌH$ma AmhoV. ‘mܶ‘m§Zr g§Yr {Xbr Zmhr Var ãbm°JìXmao, g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§ìXmao g˶ OZVon¶ªV nmohmoM{dʶmMm à¶ËZ Vo nÌH$ma H$arV AmhoV. ˶m§Mo {dMma AmnU OmUyZ KoD$Z A§JrH$mam¶bm hdoV. ¶mdoir à˶oH$ ‘mUgmbm AmdOy©Z gm§Jmdogo dmQ>Vo H$s "OmJm amhm amÌ ‘mܶ‘m§Mr Amho, ˶m§À¶mda {dg§~y ZH$mog; Iao H$m¶ Vo VwPo VyM nmaIyZ Ko'. mmm
àgma‘mܶ‘m§Zmo, ’$ma ‘moR>o PmbmV... àgma‘mܶ‘m§Zmo, ’$ma ‘moR>o PmbmV. Amnë¶m noemMm P|S>m OJm‘Yo C§MmdbmV Vw‘Mo nyd©O H$arV hmoVo H$sV©Z Am{U àdMZ ‘Zmoa§OZmVyZ kmZ Am{U g‘mOà~moYZ ~mdim dof Zr Pmoir KoD$Z H$arV hmoVo XmamoXma gXmMmamMm, gm‘϶m©Mm Am{U ñdÀN>VoMm àgma emhra JmV nmodmS>o, CKS>rV B{VhmgmMr H$dmS>o Hw$Ur aMyZ ^mê$S> bmoH$m§da H$arV Jmê$S> A§YlÕoÀ¶m {R>H$è¶m H$arV {dkmZbmQ>oda Amê$T> Vwåhr Pon KoVbrV Aer H$s hmoD$Z ~gbmV Jê$S> ¶WmdH$me Ambo ‘wÐUmMo V§Ì, ‘mH}$qQ>JMm ‘§Ì ÜdZr-Ñí¶àjonUmMo AmYw{ZH$ emó Vwåhr Q>mHy$Z H$mV, AS>MUtda Ho$brV ‘mV OZ‘Zmda gmoS>boV OUy ‘mo{hZrAó ‘m{hVrMm ‘hmnya, kmZmMm I{OZm Om{hamVtMm ^{S>‘ma Am{U àMmar ¶wº²$¶m ZmZm à˶oH$ ~mV‘r bhmZ‘moR>r {‘idʶmMr ñnYm© ~«oqH$J ݶyO XoʶmgmR>r g§doXZm§Mm IwXm© nr{S>Vm§À¶m ì¶Wm§Mmhr ‘m§Sy> bmJbmV ~mOma g§H$Q>J«ñVmZm hmV XoʶmAmYr àíUm§Zr H$aVm ~oOma Iè¶mImoQ>çmMo ^mZ ZgVo ,nrH$ {ZKVo A’$dm§Mo Ii~iOZH$ dmVmªMo, ^S>H$-~r^Ëg {MÌm§Mo nU PwbVmV AmVm EoamdV Xmamnmer Vw‘À¶m XÿV Vw‘Mo hOa AgVmV KamoKar Am‘À¶m gÎmmYre Am{U go{b{~«Q>r gbm‘ H$aVmV Vwåhmbm Xþ{Z¶m^aMo JwÝhoJma dMHy$Z AgVmV Vwåhmbm Xþdm KoVm Jar~m§Mm, Aݶm¶J«ñVm§Mr ‘m§S>Vm JmèhmUr gËH$m¶m©Mr JmWm JmVm H$Yr H$V¥©ËdmMr H$hmUr CS>Xm‘mOr H$mioJmoao {OH$S>o {VH$S>o AgUmaM àgma‘mܶ‘m§Mo F$U åhUyZ O‘mZm ‘mZUmaM.
- Jm¡ar ~mdS>oH$a ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 6
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 1
‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§Mm CX¶ Am{U {dH$mg S>m°. {edmOr OmYd
ghmæ¶H$ àmܶmnH$ d¥ÎmnÌ{dÚm d g§dmXemó {d^mJ, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya
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{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§Mm B{Vhmg a§OH$ Agbm Var Vmo ‘mZdmÀ¶m àJVrMm gmjrXmahr Amho. V§ÌkmZmVrb ~Xbm~amo~aM ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§Vrb pñW˶§Vao g‘OyZ ¿¶m¶Mr AgVrb Va {ZpíMVnUo hm B{Vhmg Zo‘Ho$nUmZo bjmV KoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m OÝ‘mÀ¶m AmYrnmgyZ g§àofU ì¶dhma gwê$ Amho. ‘mZdmÀ¶m {OkmgoVyZ nÌH$m[aVoMm CX¶ Pmbm. ‘m{hVr {‘i{dʶmMo Hw$Vyhb Am{U Vr ‘m{hVr BVam§Zm gm§JʶmMr ‘mZdmMr ñdm^m{dH$ d¥Îmr ¶mVyZ {d{dY ñdê$nmÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mm OÝ‘ Pmbm. ‘m¡{IH$ na§nao~amo~aM dmg, J§Y, Md, ñne© AZoH$ AZoH$ ì¶dhmamVyZ ‘m{hVr {‘i{dbr OmVo. na§Vw nÌH$m[aVoÀ¶m {dH$mgmbm Am{U {dñVmambm Iar JVr {‘imbr Vr ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§Mm CX¶ Pmë¶mZ§VaM. ‘wÐUmÀ¶m AmYrnmgyZ ‘m¡{IH$, {b{IV VgoM X¥í¶ énmV nÌH$m[aVm ApñVËdmV hmoVrM. nU {VMm nQ> A{YH$ ì¶mnH$ hmoʶmgmR>r ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§Mr ‘XV Pmbr, Ago åhUVm ¶oVo. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 7
‘mܶ‘m§Mm Am{U g‘mOaMZoMm WoQ> g§~§Y AgVmo. ‘mܶ‘ {Z{‘©VrÀ¶m ‘wimer AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ àoaUm AgVmV. ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§nwaVm {dMma H$amd¶mMm Pmë¶mg, gmjaVm hr ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mr nyd©AQ> Amho. OJ^amV gmjaVoMm àgma OgOgm hmoV Jobm, VgVer ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§Mr àJVr Pmbobr Amho. gܶm àM{bV Agbobo N>mnrb ñdê$nmVrb ‘mܶ‘ {dH${gV hmoʶmÀ¶m Iyn AmYrnmgyZ ¶m{df¶rMo à¶ËZ gwê$ hmoVo. {¼ñVnyd© 131 ‘ܶo åhUOo amo‘‘ܶo "A°³Q>m S>çwaZm' (Acta Diurna) hr hñV{b{IVo àH$m{eV Ho$br OmV AgV. A°³Q>m S>çwaZm åhUOo X¡Z§{XZ KS>m‘moS>r. Á¶w{b¶g {gPaÀ¶m H$mimV amo‘Z gm‘«mÁ¶mV gaH$maÀ¶mdVrZo A{YH¥$V ‘m{hVr {Xbr OmV hmoVr. b°Q>rZ ^mfoVrb hr ‘m{hVr XJS> qH$dm YmVyda {b{hbr OmV Ago Am{U Vr gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr bmoH$m§À¶m bjmV ¶oB©b, Aem nÕVrZo bmdbr OmV hmoVr. EdT>oM Zìho Va OÝ‘‘¥Ë¶yMr ‘m{hVr, {ddmhmMr ‘m{hVrgh Aݶ gaH$mar ‘m{hVrMm ¶m‘ܶo g‘mdoe hmoVm. gaH$mar ZmoH$am§H$Sy>Z hr ‘m{hVr V¶ma Ho$br OmV hmoVr. hr ‘m{hVr bmoH$m§Zm nmhʶmgmR>r VgoM dmMʶmgmR>r CnbãY hmoVr. ˶mZ§VaÀ¶m H$mimV gaH$maMr ‘m{hVr Agbobr dm{f©H$s H$mT>ʶmV Ambr. ¶m‘ܶo df©^amV gaH$maZo KoVboë¶m {ZU©¶mMr VgoM Á¶w{b¶g {gPaÀ¶m H$mimVrb ‘hÎdmÀ¶m KQ>Zm§À¶m Zm|Xr AgV. hr hñV{b{IVo gܶmÀ¶m dV©‘mZnÌmMo nyd©O ‘mZbr OmVmV. {¼ñVnyd© 59 ‘ܶo "A°³Q>m {gZmQ>çwg' (Acta Senatus) hr hñV{b{IVo àH$m{eV H$aʶmV ¶oD$ bmJbr. ¶m‘ܶo Á¶w{b¶g {gPaÀ¶m {gZoQ>‘Yrb MM}Mo d¥Îmm§V AgV. gaH$mar nmVirdaMr MMm© Omhra hmoD$ bmJë¶mZo H$mhr amOH$s¶ à{V{ZYr Am{U H$mhr A{YH$mè¶m§Zm Vo ê$Mbo Zmhr. ˶m‘wio ˶m§Zr ¶m hñV{b{IVm§Zm {damoY Ho$bm. n[aUm‘r, Z§VaÀ¶m H$mimV hr hñV{b{IVo àH$m{eV hmoUo ñW{JV H$aʶmV Ambo. hñV{b{IVm§‘wio bmoH$m§n¶ªV ‘m{hVr nmohmoMy bmJbr. na§Vw AÚmn ‘wÐUmMm emoY bmJbobm ZìhVm. ˶m‘wio ‘m{hVr àg¥V H$aʶmgmR>r ‘¶m©Xm ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 8
¶oV hmo˶m. ¶mZ§VaÀ¶m nwT>À¶m Q>ß߶mV ñnoZ‘ܶo 1282 ‘ܶo nmʶmÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo MmbUmam H$mJXmMm H$maImZm gwê$ Pmbm. nona V¶ma H$aʶmMr H$bm MrZ‘ܶo AdJV hmoVr. VoWyZ Vr ¶wamon‘ܶo Ambr. H$mJXmÀ¶m {Z{‘©Vr‘wio {b{IV ñdê$nmVrb g§kmnZmbm JVr {‘imbr. amo‘Z gm‘«mÁ¶mVrb hñV{b{IVo erim qH$dm YmVy§da hñV{b{IV ñdê$nmV hmoVr. H$mJXmÀ¶m {Z{‘©VrZ§Va erim Am{U YmVy ‘mJo nS>bo. ì¶p³VJV nmVirdarb boIZmbm H$mJXmÀ¶m {Z{‘©VrZ§Va MmbZm {‘imbr. ZmJ[aH$m§Zm ñdV…Mr ‘Vo, H${dVm qH$dm Aݶ ^y{‘H$m 춳V H$aʶmgmR>r ¶mMm Cn¶moJ hmoD$ bmJbm. H$mJXmÀ¶m {Z{‘©Vr‘wio ‘wÐUmÀ¶m {dH$mgmbm ‘moR>m hmV^ma bmJbm. O‘©Zr‘ܶo OmohmZ JwQ>oZ~J© ¶m§Zr 1440 ‘ܶo ‘wÐUH$boMm emoY bmdbm. ¶mVyZ OZg§kmnZmMm ‘mJ© A{YH$ àeñV Pmbm. EH$mM doir AZoH$ bmoH$m§n¶ªV ‘m{hVr nmohmoMdUo ¶mVyZ e³¶ Pmbo. JwQ>oZ~J© ¶m§Zr bmH$S>r ãbm°H$ V¶ma Ho$bo. ˶mZ§Va ¶m‘ܶo gwYmaUm H$aV ˶m§Zr {ego Am{U Aݶ YmVyMo ãbm°H$ V¶ma Ho$bo. gwédmVrbm Vob Am{U H$mOirMm emB© åhUyZ dmna H$aʶmV Ambm. JwQ>Zo~J© ¶m§À¶m ¶m à¶ËZmVyZ ‘wÐUmV ‘moR>r H«$m§Vr Pmbr. ¶mMm gdm©V OmñV ’$m¶Xm ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m {dH$mgmbm Pmbm. ¶wamonmVrb hr H$bm Z§VaÀ¶m H$mimV OJ^amVrb AZoH$ XoemV nmohmoMbr. ¶mVyZ AZoH$ {R>H$mUr d¥ÎmnÌmgma»¶m ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘mMm OÝ‘ Pmbm. d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m {Z{‘©VrAmYr 1530 ‘ܶo ‘op³gH$mo‘ܶo N>mnImZm gwê$ Pmbm. ¶m N>mnImݶmV 1541 ‘ܶo ~mVå¶m§Mo g§H$bZ Agbobo EH$ nwñVH$ N>mnʶmV Ambo. nwñVH$ N>nmB©Z§Va d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr Pmbr. O‘©Zr, ’«$mÝg AmXr XoemV N>mnImݶm§Mm {dH$mg hmoD$Z ˶m{R>H$mUr ‘wÐU gm{h˶ à{gÕ H$aʶmV Ambo. d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m {Z{‘©VrgmR>r nmofH$ dmVmdaU V¶ma Pmbo hmoVo. ˶mVyZ hm°b§S>‘ܶo 1620 ‘ܶo "X H$moa§Q>' ho B§J«Or d¥ÎmnÌ àH$m{eV Pmbo. ˶mZ§Va "X Am°³g’$S>© J°PoQ>' ho 1665 ‘ܶo àH$m{eV Pmbo. nwT>o ¶mbm "X b§S>Z J°PoQ>' åhUyZ g§~moYʶmV ¶oD$ bmJbo. ho {~«{Q>e
gaH$maMo A{YH¥$V ‘wInÌ hmoVo. ¶mZ§VaÀ¶m H$mimV 1704 ‘ܶo àH$m{eV Pmboë¶m "~moñQ>Z ݶyO boQ>a' ¶m d¥ÎmnÌmbm {~«{Q>e gaH$maMo AZwXmZ hmoVo. Vo gmßVm{hH$ ñdê$nmV àH$m{eV hmoV hmoVo. gwédmVrbm ˶mMo EH$M nmZ hmoVo. ˶mda XmoZ H$m°b‘ AgV. Vo nmZmÀ¶m XmoÝhr ~mOy§Zr N>mnbo OmV Ago. 1732 ‘ܶo ˶mMr nmZo Mma H$aʶmV Ambr. ¶mZ§VaÀ¶m H$mimV OJ^amVrb AZoH$ Xoem§V {d{dY d¥ÎmnÌo àH$m{eV hmoD$ bmJbr. 1754 ‘ܶo "noZ{gëìhm{Z¶m J°PoQ>'‘ܶo A‘o[aHo$Vrb n{hbo 춧J{MÌ àH$m{eV Pmbo. "Om°B©Z Am°a S>m¶' ¶m ZmdmÀ¶m ¶m 춧J{MÌmZo nÌH$m[aVoÀ¶m joÌmV doJir nmD$bdmQ> {Z‘m©U Ho$br. ‘wÐU V§ÌmVrb gwYmaUm§~amo~aM ~mV‘r {‘i{dʶmÀ¶m Am{U Vr àgm[aV H$aʶmÀ¶m V§ÌmVhr H$‘mbrMo ~Xb hmoD$ bmJbo hmoVo. 1 ‘o 1844 amoOr ~mëQ>r‘moa Vo dm°qe½Q>Z Xaå¶mZ Q>o{bJ«m’$À¶m ghmæ¶mZo n{hbr ~mV‘r nmR>{dʶmV Ambr. amï´>mܶj nXmgmR>r EH$m 춳VrMo Zmd gwM{dʶmV Ambo hmoVr, hr Vr Q>obrJ«m’$À¶m ‘XVrZo nmR>{dbobr g~go VoO ~mV‘r hmoVr. ¶mM H$mimV V§ÌkmZmMr JaO åhUyZ ~mV‘rÀ¶m aMZoVrb "CbQ>çm {ÌH$moUm'Mm OÝ‘ Pmbm. Q>o{bJ«m’$Ûmao ~mV‘r nmR>{dVmZm Vm§{ÌH$ AS>Wim ¶oD$Z g§XoemV I§S> H$Yr nS>ob, ho gm§JVm ¶oV ZìhVo. ˶m‘wio ~mV‘rXma Q>o{bJ«m’$À¶m Am°naoQ>abm ~mV‘rVrb gdm©V ‘hÎdmMm ^mJ n{hë¶m§Xm gm§JV Ago. ˶mZ§Va ˶mnojm H$‘r ‘hÎdmMm ^mJ gm§JV Ago. Am{U gdm©V eodQ>r H$‘r ‘hÎdmMm ^mJ gm§JV Ago. ¶mVyZ "CbQ> {ÌH$moU' OÝ‘bm. ~mVå¶m g§H$bZmgmR>rhr nwT>o AZoH$ Zdo à¶moJ Pmbo. 1846 ‘ܶo Agmo{eEQ>oS> àogMr ñWmnZm Pmbr. Va 1850 ‘ܶo d¥ÎmnÌmV N>m¶m{MÌmMm dmna H$aʶmV Ambm. 1861 nmgyZ AZoH$ d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr a{ddmagmR>r ñdV§Ì Amd¥Î¶m XoUo gwê$ Ho$bo. Q>o{b’$moZMm emoY bmJë¶mZ§Va ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m§V AZoH$ gH$mamË‘H$ ~Xb Pmbo. OJ^amV ‘wÐU V§ÌmVrb ZdZì¶m emoYm‘wio d¥ÎmnÌo pñWamdbr hmoVr. ^maVmV ‘mÌ B§J«O Amë¶mZ§Va ˶m§Zr
d¥ÎmnÌ gwê$ Ho$bo. d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr gwédmV C{eam Pmbr Agbr Var ^maVmV ‘wÐUmMr H$bm 1556 nmgyZ ApñVËdmV hmoVr. nmoVw©JrO Y‘©àgmaH$m§Zr Jmoì¶mV ^maVmVrb n{hbo ‘wÐU¶§Ì AmUbo. ¶m ¶§Ìmda Y‘©J«§W Am{U nÌH§$ N>mnʶmV Ambr. {¼íMZ Y‘©àgmaH$m§Zr Y‘m©À¶m àgmamgmR>r ¶m H$boMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z KoVbm. gmoimì¶m eVH$mV ^maVmV hñV{b{IVmÛmao ‘m{hVrMo XiUdiU hmoV hmoVo. 1674 ‘ܶo ‘w§~B©V n{hbo ‘wÐUmb¶ gwê$ Pmbo. ˶mZ§Va ‘Ðmg (1711) Am{U H$bH$Îmm (1779) ¶oWo ‘wÐUmb¶o gwê$ Pmbr. ‘wÐU ¶§Ì ^maVmV Amë¶mZ§Va qH$dm ‘moR>çm eham§V ‘wÐUmb¶o gwê$ Pmë¶mZ§Va bJoMM d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm CX¶ hmoD$ eH$bm Zmhr. ˶mgmR>r 1780 ho gmb COmS>mdo bmJbo. {~«{Q>e bmoH$ ì¶mnmamÀ¶m {Z{‘ÎmmZo ^maVmV pñWamdbo. H$bH$Îmm Am{U ‘Ðmg ¶oWo {~«{Q>em§Zr H$m¶m©b¶o ñWmnbr. ¶m‘ܶo AZoH$ B§J«O bmoH$ H$m¶©aV hmoVo. B§J«Om§Zm Amnë¶m ‘m¶^y‘rV dV©‘mZnÌm§Mr gd¶ hmoVr. ^maVmV Amë¶mZ§Va BñQ> B§{S>¶m H§$nZrMm H$‘©Mmar Ooåg Am°JñQ> {hH$s ¶mZo ˶mX¥ï>rZo à¶ËZ gwê$ Ho$bo. ˶mÀ¶m à¶ËZmVyZ 1780 ‘ܶo "~|Jmb J°PoQ>' ho dV©‘mZnÌ gwê$ Pmbo. "{hH$sO J°PoQ>' qH$dm "H$mobH$mVm OZab A°S>ìhQ>m©¶Oa' ¶m ZmdmZohr Vo AmoiIbo OmV hmoVo. VËnydu {~«{Q>e g§nmXH$ {d붑 ~moëQ> ¶m§Zr ^maVmV d¥ÎmnÌ gwê$ H$aʶmMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm hmoVm. 1766 ‘ܶo ˶m§Zr H$bH$Îmm ¶oWo ‘wÐUmb¶ gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo. Vã~b 500 nmZm§Mo nwñVH$ àH$m{eV H$ê$Z ˶m§Zr ¶m{XeoZo nmD$b Q>mH$bo hmoVo. ¶m nwñVH$mV B§J«O A{YH$mar VgoM BñQ> B§{S>¶m H§$nZrÀ¶m {damoYmVrb ‘OHw$am‘wio ˶m§Zm nwÝhm B§½b§S>bm YmS>ʶmV Ambo. VWm{n, Ooåg Am°JñQ²>g {hH$s ¶mbmM ^maVmV d¥ÎmnÌ gwé H$aʶmMo lo¶ OmVo. {hH$s ^maVr¶ ZìhVm. ^maVr¶mZo ^maVr¶ ^mfoV gwê$ Ho$bobo dV©‘mZnÌ åhUyZ J§JmYa ^Å>mMm¶© ¶m§À¶m "~|Jmb J°PoQ>' ¶m dV©‘mZnÌmMm CëboI H$amdm bmJVmo. ho dV©‘mZnÌ ~§Jmbr ^mfoV àH$m{eV hmoV hmoVo. ˶mZ§Va amOm am‘‘mohZ am°¶, gwa|ÐZmW ~°ZOu Aer {H$VrVar Zmdo KoVm ¶oVrb. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 9
~§Jmbr ^mfoVrb d¥ÎmnÌmZ§Va ^maVr¶ ^mfoVrb dV©‘mZnÌm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr gwê$ Pmbr. qhXr, JwOamVr, ‘amR>r, Vm{‘i Aem AZoH$ ^mfoV dV©‘mZnÌo àH$m{eV hmoD$ bmJbr. AmMm¶© ~miemñÌr Om§^oH$a ¶m§Zr "X ~m°å~o Xn©U' ho ‘amR>rVrb n{hbo dV©‘mZnÌ 6 OmZodmar 1832 amoOr gwê$ Ho$bo. ˶mZ§Va ‘amR>rV AZoH$ d¥ÎmnÌo Am{U {Z¶VH$m{bHo$ àH$m{eV hmoD$ bmJbr. àma§^rÀ¶m H$mimVrb gd©M dV©‘mZnÌm§Zr Amnmnë¶m narZo g‘mOmÀ¶m C^maUr‘ܶo ‘mobmMo ¶moJXmZ {Xbo Amho. ñdmV§Í¶ bT>çmV AZoH$ d¥ÎmnÌo gh^mJr Pmbr. {H$˶oH$ g§nmXH$m§Zr Vwê§$Jdmg ^moJbm. ‘amR>rgh ^maVmVrb ^m{fH$ nÌH$m[aVobm A˶§V ‘moR>r na§nam Amho. hr na§nam {Xdg|{Xdg A{YH$ g‘¥Õ hmoV Amho. nÌH$m[aVoV V§Ìm~amo~aM JwUmË‘H$ Am{U g§»¶mË‘H$hr dmT> hmoV Amho. ^maVmVrb d¥ÎmnÌ Zm|XUr H$m¶m©b¶mÀ¶m AmH$S>odmarZwgma, ‘mM© 2018 n¶ªV XoemV 1 bmI 18 hOma 239 d¥ÎmnÌo Am{U {Z¶VH$m{bHo$ àH$m{eV hmoVmV. ¶m gd© d¥ÎmnÌo Am{U {Z¶VH$m{bH$m§Mm In 43 H$moQ>r 66 hOma 629 BVH$m Amho. ¶mdê$Z ^maVmVrb nÌH$m[aVoMr ì¶mßVr Am{U nmohmoM bjmV ¶oVo. gdm©{YH$ {Xbmgm XoUmar ~m~ åhUOo, AmYr Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ Am{U AmVm do~ ‘mܶ‘m§Mo AmìhmZ Agbo Var XoemVrb ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘o {dH${gV hmoV AmhoV, hr A˶§V g‘mYmZmMr Am{U AmídmgH$ ~m~ Amho. mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 10
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 1
ñdmV§Í¶moÎma d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr dmQ>Mmb O‘ra H$mPr
d[að> ‘w»¶ Cng§nmXH$ X¡. bmoH$‘V, ‘w§~B©.
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{Vhm{gH$ ñdmV§Í¶ g§J«m‘m‘ܶo d¥ÎmnÌo, {Z¶VH$m{bH$m§Mm ’$ma ‘moR>m dmQ>m hmoVm. Xoer d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo ‘mbH$ Am{U g§nmXH$ ¶m§Mm WoQ> qH$dm Aà˶j[a˶m ñdmV§Í¶ MidirV gh^mJ hmoVm. ˶m ñdmV§Í¶nyd© H$mbI§S>mnmgyZ Vo AmOÀ¶m gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m, do~ nmoQ>©b Am{U Am°ZbmB©Z nÌH$m[aVoÀ¶m O‘mݶmn¶©VÀ¶m Odinmg gìdm XmoZ eVH$mÀ¶m XrK© àdmgmV d¥ÎmnÌg¥ï>rbm AZoH$ pñW˶§Vambm gm‘moao Omdo bmJbo Amho. ñdmV§Í¶àmárÀ¶m ܶo¶mnmgyZ Vo dmMH$, Om{hamVXma Am{U ˶mZ§Va ^m§S>dbemhr CÚmoJnVrMr YmoaUo am~{dʶmn¶ªVMo ˶m§À¶m ^y{‘H$m 180 A§emn¶©VÀ¶m H$moZmV ~Xboë¶m AmhoV. gܶm EImÚm ‘hÎdmÀ¶m KQ>ZoMr ‘m{hVr H$mhr jUm‘ܶoM OJ^amV nmohM{dUmar àgma‘mܶ‘o, ˶mgmR>rMr AÚmdV gmYZo CnbãY AmhoV. ‘mܶ‘mVrb OrdKoUr ñnYm© bnyZ am{hbobr Zmhr. Aem ZmOyH$ n[apñWVr‘ܶohr d¥ÎmnÌmMo ‘hÎd Am{U {dœmgmh©Vm AmOhr H$mhr à‘mUmV A~m{YV am{hbo Amho. n ñdmV§Í¶ bT>çmVrb d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr ^y{‘H$m {~«{Q>em§À¶m OmoI§S>rVyZ Xoembm ‘wº$ H$aʶmgmR>r {dMmam§Mr YJYJVr ‘emb ˶m§Zr Amnë¶m N>moQ>çm,‘moR>çm d¥ÎmnÌm§VyZ OZgm‘mݶmn¶©V nmohM{dʶmV ‘moR>r ^w{‘H$m ~Om{dbr hmoVr. OZVobm ‘m{hVr XoUo Am{U ˶m§Zm {e{jV H$aUo Am{U ˶m§À¶mdarb Aݶm¶mÀ¶m {damoYmV bT>ʶmgmR>r g§K{Q>V H$aʶmMr ‘hÎdnyU© O~m~Xmar nma nmS>br hmoVr. ˶m‘ܶo nÌHo$, nWZmQ>ço Am{U JwánUo Mmb{dë¶m OmUmO¶m ao{S>Amo ñQ>oeZMmhr dmQ>m hmoVm. 19 ì¶m eVH$mÀ¶m CÎmamYm©V ^maVr¶ nÌH$m[aVoÀ¶m {dH$mgmV ‘amR>r ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘ ‘mobmMr ^y{‘H$m ~Omdy bmJbo. gm‘m{OH$ Am{U amOH$s¶ Aem XmoÝhr ñVamda XoemMm {dH$mg ~§JmbÀ¶m ~mhoa, XoemÀ¶m BVa ^mJm§‘ܶo ngaʶmnydu gm‘m{OH$ gwYmaUm§À¶m bT>mB©Zo nwUo Am{U ~m°å~o‘ܶo àW‘ eº$s EH$Ì Pmbr. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 11
¶m d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr ñdmV§Í¶mMr Midi C^r H$éZ Vr ¶eñdr H$aʶmn¶ªV ‘moR>r O~m~Xmar g‘W©nUo nobbr hmoVr. ˶mV à{gÕ hmoUmè¶m boIm§Zr H«$m§VrÀ¶m Ádmbm JVrZo ^S>H${dʶmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo hmoVo. ¶m H$mimV {~«{Q>em§À¶m OmoIS>mVyZ ‘wº$Vm H$aUo hoM ܶo¶ H«$m§{VH$maH$ Agboë¶m d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m ‘mbH$m§Zr nm{hbr hmoVr. Am{U ˶mgmR>r H$O©~mOmar, {XdmiImoa VgoM Vwé§Jdmg gmogyZhr hr ^y{‘H$m àmUnUmZo nma nmS>br. amï´>^º$sZo ào[aV ˶m§À¶m boIUr‘wio ‘hmË‘m Jm§YrÀ¶m ZoV¥ËdmImbrb AqhgmdmXr MidirMr ‘wio Xoe^amV Imobda éObr. ˶mVyZ ñdmV§Í¶mÀ¶m ¶km‘ܶo Amnë¶m gd©ñdmMr AmhþVr XoUmao dra aËZ {Z‘m©U Pmbo. ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌmMm Aܶm¶ ~miemór Om§^oH$a ¶m§Zr {b{hbm. 6 OmZo. 1832 amoOr ˶m§Zr ‘w§~B©V ‘amR>r-B§J«OrV "Xn©U' ho {Z¶VH$m{bH$ àH$m{eV Ho$bo. ‘amR>r A{^춺$sMo ho n{hbo ‘mܶ‘ hmoVo. "Xn©U'Zo gm‘m{OH$ gwYmaUm MidirV C„oIZr¶ ^y{‘H$m ~Omdbr. Om§^oH$a ¶m§À¶mZ§Va JmoqdX Hw§$Q>o ¶m§Zr 24 Am°ŠQ>m|~a 1841 ‘ܶo "à^mH$a' gwê$ Ho$bo. Hw§$Q>o ¶m§Zm àW‘ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ‘amR>r nÌH$ma ‘mZbo OmVo. ˶mZ§Va H¥$îUmOr amZS>o, ‘hmXod JmoqdX amZS>o, Jmonmb H¥$îU JmoIbo, Am{U ˶mZ§Va Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a, bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$ ¶m§Zr gwadmVrbm g§¶wº$nUo ‘amR>m d Z§Va gwYmaH$ ¶m {Z¶VH$mbH$mVyZ gm‘m{OH$ d amOH$s¶ {df¶mbm dmMm ’$moS>br. X{bV CËWmZ Midirbm ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo Am{U H¥$îUamd ^mñH$a ¶m§À¶m "XrZ~§Yy'‘wio ‘moR>r {Xem {‘imbr. ‘amR>r nÌH$m[aVoMo EH$ doJio d¡{eï>¶ åhUOo Vr ‘moR>çm ehamn¶©V ‘¶m©{XV am{hbr Zmhr. gwadmVrnmgyZM amÁ¶m~amo~aM eoOmarb amÁ¶mVrb H$mhr bhmZ eham§‘YyZ à{V{ð>V d¥ÎmnÌ àH$m{eV hmoV am{hbr. ˶m‘ܶo nwUo ¶oWyZ gH$mi, ZmJnwamVyZ bmoH$‘V Am{U VéU ^maV, H$moëhmnwamVrb g˶dmXr, nwT>mar, AH$mobmVrb XoemoÞVr ho AJ«Jʶ hmoVo. Zm{eH$‘Yrb, JmdH$ar Am{U XoeXÿV, AH$mobmVrb ‘mV¥^y‘r, lram‘nyaMo OZ‘mܶ‘, lram‘nyaMo ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 12
gd©‘V, Zm§XoS>Mo àOdmZr, bmVya‘Yrb EH$‘V, {MniwU‘Yrb gmJa VgoM ~oiJmdmVrb VéU ^maV Am{U Jmoì¶mVrb Jmo‘§VH$ hr ‘hmamï´>m~mhoê$Z àH$m{eV Pmbr. n ñdmV§Í¶moÎma àdmg Xoembm ñdmV§Í¶ {‘ion¶©V ao{S>Amo dJiVm àgma ‘mܶ‘mda àm‘w»¶mZo ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘mMm nJS>m hmoVm. ˶mZ§Va d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m YmoaUm‘ܶo Q>߶mQ>߶mZo ~Xb KS>V Jobo. dV©‘mZnÌ MmbH$ g‘mO à~moYZ hoM C{Ôï> Z amhVm dmMH$m§Mr AmdS>, éMrÀ¶m ~mVå¶m§Zm àmYmݶ XoʶmV ¶ody bmJbo. ˶mZwgma ‘Zmoa§OZ Am{U IoimÀ¶m ~mVå¶m ‘w»¶ ‘Wù¶mV XoʶmV ¶oD$ bmJbr. ˶m‘ܶo Hw$ñVr, H$~È>r ¶m Xoer Ioim~amo~aM {~«{Q>em§Zr ^maVmV éO{dboë¶m {H«$Ho$Q>À¶m ~mVå¶m ¶ody bmJë¶m. ˶mM~amo~a dmMH$m§Zm AmH${f©V H$aʶmgmR>r dm{UÁ¶, CÚmoJ, eoVr {df¶r gd©gmYmaU gmám{hH$ gXao N>mnʶmV ¶ody bmJbr. ¶mM H$mimV d¥ÎmnÌo hr ì¶dgm¶mMo gmYZ ~Zbr. gÎmmYmè¶m§da Vr A§Hw$e R>odʶm~amo~aM ˶mMm g‘mOmda à^md H$m¶‘ AgVmZm Xÿa{MÌdmUr àjonUmMm àgma PnmQ>çmZo hmoV Jobm. gwadmVrbm H¥$îUYdb Am{U ˶mZ§Va a§JrV ñdénmV X¥H$lmì¶ ñdénmVrb ݶyO ~wbo{Q>Z~Ôb gm‘mݶ ZmJ[aH$m§V AmH$f©U dmT>V Jobo. ˶mM~amo~a d¥ÎmnÌmVrb ñnY}Zohr doJ KoVbm. ˶mVyZ dmMH$ dJ© {‘i{dʶmgmR>r MQ>nQ>rV, ‘Zmoa§OZ Am{U JwÝhoJmarÀ¶m ~mVå¶m§Zm àmYmݶ XoʶmV ¶ody bmJbo. Om{hamVXmam§Mo {hV Onʶmbm ‘hÎd XoʶmV ¶ody bmJbo. gm‘m{OH$ n[adV©ZmMo e{º$embr ‘mܶ‘ Agboë¶m d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m nmZm§Mm AmH$ma, aMZm Am{U gOmdQ>r~amo~a C{Ôï>m§‘ܶo ~Xb hmoV Jobo. pIù¶mÀ¶m OmoS>UrVyZ hmoUmar d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr N>nmB© H$mb~mø hmodyZ Am°’$goQ> ‘erZZo ˶mMr OmJm KoVbr. H$mhr {‘{ZQ>mV hOma àVr N>mnʶmMr JVr ¶m AÚmdV ¶§ÌmÛmao hmody bmJbr. ^maVmZo 1991 ‘ܶo CXmarH$aUmMo YmoaU ñdrH$maë¶mZ§Va d¥Îm‘mܶ‘mda ˶mMm n[aUm‘ hmoV Jobm. Am{W©H$ ñnY}V {Q>Hy$ Z eH$Umar N>moQ>r d¥ÎmnÌo, ‘m{gH$m§Zm CVaVr H$im bmJbr. naXoer CÚmoJ, ^m§S>dbXmam§À¶m
{eaH$mdm‘wio d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m AW©ì¶dñWoda n[aUm‘ Pmbm. ˶m‘wio l{‘H$ nÌH$mam§À¶m doVZm‘ܶo dmT> Pmë¶mZo ˶m§Zm ~ao {Xdg Ambo ho ñdmJVmh© Agbo Var àgma ‘mܶ‘mMm AO|S>m ~XbV Jobm. gm‘m{OH$ ~Xb Am{U O~m~Xma nÌH$m[aVoMo ^mZ ‘¶m©{XV hmoV Jobr. B§J«Or, qhXr ~amo~aM ‘amR>r ^mfoVhr 24 Vmg ~mVå¶m XoUmar M°Zob gwê$ Pmë¶mZo dmMH$ dJ© {Q>H${dʶmgmR>r d¥ÎmnÌm§H$Sy>Z {Za{Zamir eH$bo Adb§~br Omdy bmJbr. ˶m‘ܶo gmIir d¥ÎmnÌo d ^m§S>dbemhr nonadmë¶m§Zr ‘moR>r AmKmS>r KoVbr. Om{hamVr {‘i{dʶmgmR>r Am{U dmMH$ g§»¶m dmT>{dʶmgmR>r {d{dY ¶moOZm am~{dʶmV ¶ody bmJë¶m. ˶mbm nwaH$ R>aUmao {df¶, ˶mg§~§YrÀ¶m ~mVå¶m, d¥Îm ‘m{bH$m OmUrdnyd©H$ N>mnʶmV ¶ody bmJë¶m. ˶m‘wio H$mhr à‘mUmV nÌH$mam§À¶m "OmJë¶m'Mr ^y{‘H$m pñV{‘V hmody bmJbr. d¥ÎmnÌm§H$Sy>Z EImXm {df¶ hmVmiVmZm ˶mg§~§Yr ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {hVg§~§YmMm n{hë¶mXm {dMma H$aUo nÌH$ma, g§nmXH$m§gmR>r A{Zdm¶© ~m~ ~ZV Jobr. H|$Ð gaH$maZo d¥ÎmnÌ joÌmVhr na{H$¶ Jw§VdUwH$sbm (E’$S>rE) ‘mݶVm hm A˶§V ‘hÎdnyU© d {ZUm©¶H$ Q>ßnm R>abm Amho. ˶m‘wio X¡{ZH$ d ‘m{gH$m§Mo ñdê$n Am{U YmoaUm‘ܶo Am‘wbmJ« ~Xb Pmbm. XoemVrb ^m§S>dbemhr d¥Îmg‘whm§Zm ¶m AmH«$‘Umbm Vm|S> XoVmZm AS>MUrMm gm‘Zm H$amdm bmJbm. ñnY}V {Q>H$ʶmgmR>r gmIir VgoM amÁ¶ñV[a¶ d¥ÎmmnÌm§~amo~aM ~è¶mn¡H$s gj‘ AgUmè¶m {Oëhm d¥ÎmnÌo, ‘m{gH$m§Zrhr Amnë¶m do~gmB©Q>, ݶyO nmoQ>©b ~Z{dë¶m AmhoV. ˶m§À¶m‘ܶo Am°ZbmB©Z Om{hamVr {‘i{dʶmgmR>r añgrIoM bmJë¶mMo {MÌ Amho. Va Am{W©H$ Q>§MmB©‘wio N>moQ>r, bhmZ dV©‘mZnÌo, ‘m{gHo$ H$mimÀ¶m nS>ÚmAmS> JS>n Pmbr. Joë¶m H$mhr dfm©V Va bmoH$emhrMm Mm¡Wm ñV§^ g‘Oë¶m OmUmè¶m d¥Îm‘mܶ‘o hr gÎmmYmè¶m§da A§Hw$e R>odʶmEodOr XþX£dmZo ˶mÀ¶m CbQ> n[apñWVr {Z‘m©U hmoV Jobr Amho. H$moU˶m ~mVå¶m Úmì¶m Am{U Xody Z¶oV, ¶mda ¶m ¶§ÌUm§H$Sy>Z {d{dY ‘mJm©Zo "goÝgm°a{en'bmXbr Omdy bmJbr Amho. AWm©V ¶m X~mdmbm Z Ow‘mZVm AmOhr H$mhr d¥ÎmnÌo Am{U
nÌH$ma Amnbr ^y{‘H$m àm‘m{UH$nUo nma nmS>ʶmMm à¶ËZ H$arV AmhoV. ‘mÌ Ë¶mMo à‘mU {Xdg|{Xdg H$‘r hmoV Amho, ho g˶hr ZmH$mê$Z MmbUma Zmhr. n gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mMm à^md A{^ì¶p³VMo ñdmV§Í¶ hm bmoH$emhrMm ‘yb^yV nm¶m Amho. ‘mÌ Joë¶m H$mhr dfm©nmgyZ ˶mbm hmXam XoʶmMo H$m‘ gÎmmYmè¶m§H$Sy>Z KS>ë¶mMr AZoH$ CXmhaUo KS>br AmhoV. ‘mÌ bmoH$emhr {Q>H$dyZ R>odʶmgmR>r ¶m àd¥Îmrbm R>oMʶmMr O~m~Xmar àgma‘mܶ‘mMr AgVo. XþX©dmZo Vr nyU© Ho$br OmV Zmhr. d¥Îmdm{hݶm ˶m~m~V ~oO~m~Xma dmJV AgVmZm d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr ^y{‘H$mhr S>i‘irV am{hbr Amho. ˶m‘wio bmoH$emhrMm hm Mm¡Wm ñV§^ XþX£dmÀ¶m ’o$è¶mV gmnS>bm AgVmZmM gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m‘wio ˶mbm H$mhrgm nm¶~§X ~gbm Amho, Ago åhUVm ¶oB©b, H$maU ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZm‘wio ìhm°Q²gAn, ’o$g~wH$, {Q‰>Q>a ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMm dmna Ho$di CƒdJu¶M Zìho Va ‘ܶ‘ Am{U A˶ën CËnZ JQ>mVrb ZmJ[aH$m§‘ܶo ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV hmoV Amho. ‘hmZJaoM Zìho Va eha d J«m‘rU ^mJmVhr B§Q>aZoQ>Mo bmoU ngaë¶mZo gm‘mݶ ZmJ[aH$ ˶mH$S>o AmH${f©bm OmV Amho. n[aUm‘r EImXm {d{eï> KQ>H$, g‘wXm¶ AWdm g§ñWoer g§~§{YV ~mV‘r àgma ‘mܶ‘mH$Sy>Z XS>nbr Omdy bmJbr Var gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ ˶mMm àgma hmoV Jobm. ˶m‘ܶo {H$Vrhr XS>nU Am{U X~md AgbmVar ˶mg§~§Yr WmoS>o H$m hmoB©Zm, d¥Îm XoUo ^mJ nS>V Amho. ZdZdrZ ‘m{hVr d KS>m‘moS>r g‘OyZ KoʶmgmR>r ZmJ[aH$ AmVm ݶyO M°Zob Am{U d¥ÎmnÌm§da Adb§~yZ ahmV ZmhrV. "JwJb' Am{U gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ ˶m§Mr hr JaO nyU© hmoV Amho. N>moQ>çmem ‘mo~mB©bda ¶m gd© Jmoï>r CnbãY hmoV AmhoV. ˶m‘wio AmJm‘r H$mimV Amnbo ApñVËd {Q>H$dyZ R>odʶmgmR>r d¥ÎmnÌm§Zm dmMH$m§Zm Amdí¶H$ AgUmar Am{U {dœZr¶ d¥Îm, ‘m{hVr, {Z¶{‘V KS>m‘moS>r ì¶{V[aº$ doJù¶m Am{U gm‘mݶm§da à^md nmS>Umè¶m ~mVå¶m XoʶmMr O~m~Xmar An[ahm¶© ~Zbr Amho. ˶mdaM d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo ^{dVì¶ Adb§~yZ amhUma Amho. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 13
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 1
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~moYZ ndm©V d¥ÎmnÌm§Zm Iyn ‘hÎd àmßV Pmbo. ¶m d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr Am{U {Z¶VH$m{bH$m§Zr g‘mO‘Z KS>dʶmMo ‘hÎdmMo H$m¶© Ho$bo. OmUrd OmJ¥Vr Ho$br. ñdmV§Í¶mÀ¶m AmH$m§jm~amo~aM ZdàoaUm, {Okmgm ¶m§Mo Iwbo AmH$me g‘mOmg‘moa C^o Ho$bo. AJXr ˶mM àH$mao ‘mJÀ¶m Xhm-n§Yam dfm©V g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§Zr Zdr H«$m§Vr KS>dyZ AmUbr Amho. gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m åhUyZ AmoiIë¶m OmUmè¶m ¶m ~hþAm¶m‘r {dœmZo OJmbm, n¶m©¶mZo g‘Ombm, KS>dʶmMo, {~KS>dʶmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo Amho. gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mMm g‘mO‘ZmdaMm à^md BVH$m KÅ> Amho H$s ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ àgm[aV hmoUmar ‘m{hVr hr g˶M AgUma Aer ‘mZ{gH$Vm g‘mOmV ê$T> Pmbr hmoVr. nU ‘mJrb H$mhr {XdgmV gmoeb {‘{S>¶mMo, g‘mO‘mܶ‘mMo ~aodmB©Q> n[aUm‘ gm‘moao ¶oD$ bmJbo AmhoV. g‘mO‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m ~m~VMo H$m¶Xo ApñVËdmV ¶oD$ bmJbo AmhoV. g‘mO‘mܶ‘o H$er hmVmimdrV ¶mMo g§Ho$V ê$T> hmoD$ bmJbo AmhoV. EH$m AWm©Zo ho Ago hmoUo ho g‘mO‘mܶ‘mMr {dœmgmh©Vm ÑT> H$aʶmÀ¶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$ hmoVo. H$maU H$moU˶mhr ‘mܶ‘mMo A{Yð>mZ {dœmg hmM Agm¶bm hdm. ˶m{edm¶ ˶mMm ñdrH$ma hmoV Zmhr. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 14
AmO AmnU Omo gmoeb {‘{S>¶m dmnaVmo ˶mÀ¶m‘mJo A˶mYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMo ~i Amho. ho V§ÌkmZ XaamoO {dH${gV hmoV OmV Amho. Ago Agbo Var ¶m gmoeb {‘{S>¶mMo H$m‘ VoM Amho. ‘m{hVr XoUo. dV©‘mZ Am{U ^yVH$mi ¶m~m~V g§~§{YVm§Zm AÚm¶mdV H$aVmZm ^{dî¶mMo {Xem Xe©Z H$aUmè¶m ¶m gmoeb {‘{S>¶mMr VwbZm qhXÿ g‘mOmVrb eHy$Z gm§JUmè¶m ‘§S>irer Ho$br Va MyH$ R>aUma Zmhr. nma§n[aH$ kmZ, lÜXm Am{U hoM Amnbo OJʶmMo gmYZ Ago ‘mZyZ g‘mO‘ZmMm Vi T>diV g˶ ‘m{hVr, AÚ¶mdV ‘m{hVr Am{U ^{dî¶mMr {Xem ñnï> H$aʶmMo H$m‘ H$aUmao H$mhr KQ>H$ Amnë¶m g‘mOmV Iyn nydunmgyZ ApñVËdmV AmhoV. gܶmMm gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mMm Pmbobm ñ’$moQ>, ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ joÌmV Pmbobr H«$m§Vr ¶m‘wio hm JQ> WmoS>m A§YmamV Jobm Agbm Var ˶mZo Amnbo {Z˶H$‘© gmoS>bo Zmhr. Vmo AmOhr na§nam OnVmo Amho Am{U eHy$Z gm§JV XmamoXar, JmdmoJmodr {’$aV AmhoV. H$moU AmhoV ho bmoH$ Oo hOmamo df} ‘m{hVr kmZ ¶m§Mo AmXmZ àXmZ H$aV AmhoV? Agm àíZ nS>Uo ñdm^m{dH$ Amho. ho bmoH$ åhUOo ^Q>Ho$ {d‘wŠV. ^Q>Ho$ {d‘wŠV g‘mO ~m§YdmMr AmnU gmYmaUnUo VrZ àH$mao {d^mJUr H$ê$ eH$Vmo. H$m¡eë¶-kmZ ¶m§À¶m AmYmao CnOr{dH$m H$aUmao, Y‘©-CnmgZm ¶m§À¶m àgmamMo H$m‘ H$aUmao {eH$ma d newnmbZ H$ê$Z CnOr{dH$m H$aUmao. ¶m VrZ JQ>mn¡H$s AmnU Y‘© d CnmgZm ¶m§Mm AmXamZo CnOr{dH$m H$aUmè¶m ^Q>Š¶m {d‘wŠV ~m§YdmMm {dMma ¶m boImV H$aUma AmhmoV. dmgwXod, Z§Xr~¡bdmbo, ‘arAmB©dmbo ho VrZ ^Q>Ho$ ~m§Yd AmnU bhmZnUmnmgyZ AZw^dV AgVmo. dmgwXodmÀ¶m Q>monrVrb ‘moamMr {ngo Am{U ˶mMo nm¶Kmoi A§JaIm gmdarV KoVbobr {JaH$s Amnë¶mbm AmR>dV Agob. gm§J gm§J ^mobmZmW åhUV XmamoXmar ¶oUmè¶m Z§{X~¡bdmë¶mbm Am{U ˶mMm Yï>nwï> ~¡b AmR>dV Agob. g§H«$m§VrZ§Va df©’$i gm§JV gwH$mi-XþîH$mi gm§JV {’$aUmao ‘[aAmB© Zmdohr AmR>dV AgVrb. g‘mO OrdZmV ¶m VrZ g‘mO
JQ>m{edm¶ AÝhr Iyn g‘mOJQ> Amnbo Y‘©-CnmgZoMo H$m¶© H$aV AgVmV. Á¶m‘ܶo ^mQ>, hoid! Jm|Yir, amdb, ~mi‘wHw§$X, Jmogmdr, {MÌH$Wm, gamoXo Aem AZoH$ bmoH$m§Mm g‘mdoe H$aVm ¶oVmo. da da nhmVm hr gmarM ‘§S>ir Y‘©-CnmgZm ¶m§À¶m AmYmamZo Amnbm M[aVmW© MmbdVmV Ago {XgVo. XodmMr JmUr, A^§J JmD$Z KS>r^a H$a‘UyH$ H$aUmam dmgwXod hm Ho$di ‘Zmoa§OZ H$aUmam H$bmd§V EdT>çm nwaVm ‘¶m©{XV amhV Zmhr. Va Hw$i, arV, g§ñH$ma Am{U dmagm ¶m§Mm OrVm OmJVm H$moe AgVmo. dmgwXod Ooìhm EImÚm JmdmV OmVmo. Kamg‘moa OmVmo Voìhm Vmo ˶m KamMo g§ñH$ma, Hw$bmMma ¶m§Mr AmR>dU H$ê$Z XoVmo. gU, CËgd, {VWr ¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr gm§JVmo Am{U {‘iUmar {^jm Amnë¶m PmoirV KoV XmZ nmdb§ Ago Ooìhm åhUVmo Voìhm Vmo ‘mJÀ¶m ~mam {nT>çmMo ñ‘aU H$aVmo. Amnbm dmagm H$m¶? Amnbr ‘yi§ Hw$R>o éObr AmhoV ¶m§Mr AmR>dU H$ê$Z XoʶmMo H$m‘ dmgwXod H$aVmo. dmgwXodmÀ¶m ’o$arMr {Z{üV doi R>abobr Amho. ^ë¶m nhmQ>o Vmo JmdmV àdoe H$aVmo. am‘Zm‘mMm JOa H$aV Jmd OmJm H$aVmo. Voìhm Vmo Ho$di {^jm ‘mJV Zmhr Va AmgnmgMm n[aga, ‘mUg§ ¶m§Mo gyú‘ {ZarjU H$aVmo. {ZgJm©Vrb ~Xb Vmo g‘OyZ KoVmo Am{U VoM bmoH$m§Zm gm§JVmo. EH$m AWm©Zo dmgwXod hm qhXÿ g‘mOmVrb ‘m{hVrMm XÿV R>aVmo. Jm|Yir, AmamYr, gamoXo, ~mi‘wHw§$X hohr ^Q>H§$Vr H$aUmao ~m§Yd ¶m§Mm WoQ> g§~§Y Hw$imMmamer ¶oVmo Am{U XodKamn¶ªV ˶m§Zm àdoehr {‘iVmo. d§ena§naoZo AZoH$ {R>H$mUr Hw$imMma Ho$bm OmVmo nU ˶m§Mo {d{Y{dYmZ ¶O‘mZmbm ‘mhrV AgVoM Ago Zmhr Aem doir g‘mO~m§Yd Amnbo H$m‘ H$aVm H$aVm Hw$imMma g‘OyZ gm§JVmV. ^mQ>-hoidr g‘mO~m§Yd d§emdù¶mMo OVZ H$aVmV Am{U ˶mV gmV˶mZo ^a KmbʶmgmR>r ‘m{hVr EoH$dʶmgmR>r JmdmoKmdr ^Q>H$V AgVmV. AmO ^mQ> qH$dm hoidr g‘mOmZo OVZ Ho$bobr d§emdi nwamdm åhUyZ J«mø Yabr OmVo. ¶m ‘§S>it‘wio Amnbo nyd©O H$moU? Amnbo ‘yiñWmZ H$moUVo? H$moU˶m H$maUmZo ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 15
AmnU ‘yi ñWmZmhÿZ {dñVm{nV Pmbmo? Aer ‘m{hVr ¶m ‘§S>ir§H$Sy>ZM {‘iy eH$Vo. AmO AmYw{ZH$ ^mfoV gm§Jm¶Mo Va ^mQ>, hoidr g‘mO~m§Yd ho g‘mOemó Am{U ‘mZdd§e emómMo g§dY©H$ Am{U dmhH$ AmhoV. ‘hmXodmMm Z§Xr Ambm, H¡$bmgnVrMm Z§Xr Ambm Ago JmUo åhUV Z§Xr ~¡bmbm ZmMdUmao Z§Xr~¡bdmbo ho R>aboë¶m Jmdr R>aboë¶m doirM nmohMVmV. gwJr g§nVmZm nmohMbobo ho ~m§Yd eoVH$ar dJm©VyZ Amnë¶m CnOr{dHo$Mr VaVyX H$aV AgVmV. ˶m ~Xë¶mV doJdoJù¶m ^mJmVrb {nH$nmUr, amoJamB© ¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr XoD$Z OmVmV. WoQ> H¡$bmenVr e§H$amMr Zmdo gm§JUmè¶m hm ~m§Yd eHw$Z gm§JV ¶oVmo Vmo WoQ> ‘hmXodmMm, {ZVrgXmMma ¶m§À¶mda ^a XoV Vmo ‘mUgmZm OJʶmMr {Xem XoVmV. ^yV-dV©‘mZ Am{U ^{dî¶H$mi ¶m§Mr gm§JS> KmbV Amnbm hmoam gm§JVmo. bmoH$g‘OyV Aer Amho H$s Z§Xr~¡bdmë¶mMm hmoam MwH$V Zmhr. ˶m§Zo Ho$bobo ^m{H$V Iao hmoVo. {nH$-nmUr, amoJamB©Mo ˶mMo A§XmO Iao R>aVmV. EH$m AWm©Zo g‘mOmMm, {ZgJm©Mm gyú‘ Aä¶mg AgUmar hr ‘§S>ir eHy$Z gm§JV {’$aVmV Vo Amnë¶mbm B©œamZo {Xbobr O~m~Xmar åhUyZM. g‘mOmV gXmMma, ݶm¶ Am{U g˶ ¶m§Mr OnUyH$ ìhmdr åhUyZ ho ~m§Yd ^Q>H§$Vr H$aV AgVmV. g§H«$mVrZ§Va JmdmoJmdr ‘arAmB©dmbo ‘§S>ir S>moŠ¶mda XodrMm Xoìhmam KoD$Z ^Q>H§$Vr H$aVmV. Mm¡H$mMm¡H$mV XodrMr nyOm H$aʶmgmR>r ‘{hbm§Zm ~mobmdVmV. XodrMo JwUJmZ JmVmZm d«Vd¡H$ë¶ gm§JVmV. Xoe^aMr n[apñWVr, XþîH$mi, gwH$mi ¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr XoVmV. dfm©VyZ EH$Xm EH$m JmdmV ¶oUmar Am{U doJdoJù¶m {R>H$mUr ^Q>H§$Vr H$aUmar hr ‘§S>ir nm{hbr H$s Amnë¶m bjmV ¶oVo H$s A˶§V {dnÞmdñWoV OJyZgwÕm Vo XodH$m¶© H$aV AgVmV. XodmMm, Y‘©, Zr{VMm eHy$Z gm§JV {’$aV AgVmV. dmgwXod, ^mQ>, Z§Xr~¡bdmbo, ¶m§Mm g‘mO‘Zmda {H$Vr ‘moR>m à^md Agob? ho g‘OyZ ¿¶m¶Mo Agob V kmZoœa ‘mD$br Am{U em§Vr~«÷ EH$ZmW ‘hmamOm§À¶m aMZm Vnmgmì¶m bmJVmV. ‘mCbrMr, ZmWm§Mr AZoH$
^méS>o hr ¶m g‘mO~m§YdmÀ¶m ZmdmMr AmhoV. AZoH$ {R>H$mUr énH$ åhUyZ ¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. ¶mMmM AW© Agm H$s g‘mO ‘Zmda dmgwXod, ^mQ>, Z§Xr~¡bdmbm ¶m à{V‘m Iyn Imobda éOboë¶m AmhoV. g‘mO OrdZmer hr Zmdo Am{U g‘mO~m§Yd EH$ê$n Pmbobo hmoVo. ˶mMm à^md bjmV KoD$Z g§V‘§S>itZm Amnbm {dMma àgm[aV H$aʶmgmR>r ¶m g‘mO ~m§YdmMr H$m¶©e¡br OrdZ Am{U ì¶dhmamMm AmYma KoVë¶mMo {XgyZ ¶oVo. AmO gmoeb {‘{S>¶mÀ¶m à^mdmMm AmnU AZw^d KoVmZm H$ZoŠQ>rìhrQ>r ¶m eãXmbm Iyn ‘hÎd Amho. AmnU g§nH©$ joÌmÀ¶m ~mhoa Jobmo Va àM§S> ‘moR>r hmZr hmoB©b Aer {^Vr Amnë¶mbm gVmdV AgVo. Am^mgr OJmVrb hr H$ZoŠQ>rìhrQ>r Am{U dmñVd g‘mO OrdZmVrb H$ZoŠQ>rìhrQ>r ¶m§Mr VwbZm H$aVmZm AI§S> na§nam, g§ñH$ma ¶m§À¶m~amo~aM g‘mOmMr Zmi VwQy> Z XoʶmMo H$m‘ ¶m ^Q>Ho$ {d‘wŠV ~m§Ydm§Zr Ho$bobo Amho. AmO gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ AmnU gmao OJ EH$m jUmV nmXH«$m§V H$aV Agbmo Var hOmamo df} Á¶m§Zr g‘mO OmoS>bm, g§ñH$ma Onbm Am{U amï´> C^maUrbm ¶moJXmZ {Xbo ˶m ^Q>Ho$ {d‘wŠV ~m§YdmMr AmOMr pñWVr H$m¶ Amho? ¶mMm {dMma AmnU H$aVmo H$m? N>ÌnVtÀ¶m Im˶mV Am{U 1957À¶m ñdmV§Í¶ g‘amV AgUmao ¶m g‘mO~m§YdmMo ¶moJXmZ AmnU {dgaVmo AmhmoV H$m? 춊VrH|$Ðr hmoVmZm g‘mOH|$Xr Ñï>r hadyZ ~gbmo AmhmoV H$m¶? Ago àíZ ¶m {Z{‘ÎmmZo g‘moa C^o amhV AmhoV. ˶m§Mr CÎmao Amnbr AmnUM emoYm¶Mr AmhoV. g‘mO‘mܶ‘mMm Cn¶moJ g§dmX, g§nH©$ Am{U ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmXmZ àXmZmgmR>r H$aVmZm Oo AmOhr eHy$Z gm§JʶmgmR>r XmamoXma ^Q>H$VmV Am{U AmnU ¶mM H$m‘mgmR>r OÝ‘bmo. Amnbo H$m‘ ho X¡dr g§Ho$V Amho Ago ‘mZVmV. ˶mMm {dMma Zì¶m V§ÌkmZmV Am{U AmYw{ZH$VoÀ¶m n[anojmV AmnU H$gm H$aUma AmhmoV ¶m§Mm eHy$Z gm§JʶmMr hr doi Amho. mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 16
AmUr~mUr bmJy Pmë¶mda ¶m g§nmXH$s¶ nmZm§VyZ d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo Iao ñdê$n ñnï> hmoD$ bmJbo. H$mhr d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr ‘mܶ‘m§Mr hr ‘wñH$Q>Xm~r {Z‘yQ>nUo ‘mݶ Ho$br.H$maU ˶m§Zm ˶m§Mo d¥ÎmnÌ Mmbdm¶Mo hmoVo, ˶m§À¶m H$‘©Mmè¶m§Mo OrdZ ˶mda Adb§~yZ hmoVo. ‘mÌ B§{S>¶Z EŠgàog, ñQ>oQ²g‘Z, ‘amR>dmS>m ¶mgma»¶m H$mhr ‘moOŠ¶m X¡{ZH$m§Zr AJ«boImMr OmJm H$moar gmoSy>Z ~mUoXmanUm XmI{dbm. Am‘À¶m {dMmam§da Vwåhr ~§YZo KmVbr åhUyZ Amåhr Am‘Mo {dMma Á¶m OmJoda ‘m§S>Vmo Vr OmJmM H$moar gmoS>V AmhmoV Aer Vr A춺$ {ZfoYmMr ^y{‘H$m hmoVr. ˶mMr ˶mdoir àM§S> MMm© Pmbr. hm EH$M àg§J d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m Am¶wî¶mV "AJ«obIm'Mo ‘hÎd {H$Vr Amho gm§Jʶmg nwaogm R>amdm. ¶m AZmo»¶m {ZfoYmMr Zm|X OJmZo KoVbr. AJ«boImMr Vr H$moar OmJm, AmUr~mUrÀ¶m {damoYmVrb OZVoÀ¶m ‘ZmVrb AmH«$moemMr A{^춺$s R>abr. ¶m KQ>Zobm AmO 45 df} hmoD$Z Jobr. Xaå¶mZ, nwbmImbyZ ~aoM nmUr dmhÿZ Jobo. ¶m Mma Vnm§À¶m H$mbmdYrV d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm Moham‘moham ~Xbbm. a§Jê$n ~Xbbo. ZdrZ H$ënZm nwT>o Amë¶m, ’$º$ ~mVå¶m XoʶmgmR>r gwê$ Pmbobr d¥ÎmnÌo dmMH$m§À¶m KamV S>moH$mdy bmJbr. ˶m§Zm gH$mir CR>ë¶mZ§Va ¶moJmgZmnmgyZ Vo amÌr Pmonon¶ªV H$m¶ H$amdo Am{U H$m¶ H$ê$ Z¶o ¶mMr ‘m{hVr Vr XoD$ bmJbr. ‘mÌ ¶m gJù¶m§V EH$mM Jmoï>rV ~Xb Pmbm Zmhr Vr Jmoï> åhUOo "AJ«boI'...! ˶mMo H$maU EH$M, AJ«boI hm d¥ÎmnÌmMm AmË‘m AgVmo, Vmo ˶m ˶m d¥ÎmnÌmMm Moham AgVmo. åhUyZ ˶mV AmOVmJm¶V H$mhrhr ~Xb Pmbm Zmhr. Oa AJ«boIM ~mOybm R>odbm Jobm AgVm Va d¥ÎmnÌmMm AmË‘mM hadbm AgVm. Moham bmon nmdbm AgVm. nU Vo Pmbo Zmhr. EdT>r VmH$X ˶m EH$m OmJo‘ܶo hmoVr, Amho Am{U H$m¶‘ amhrb...! 6 OmZodmar 1832 ¶m {Xder ~miemór Om§^oH$a ¶m§Zr n{hbo ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌ "Xn©U' ¶m ZmdmZo ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 18
gwê$ Ho$bo. ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌmMo Om§^oH$a ho OZH$. ˶m§Zr AJ«boIm§Zm dmMH$m§n¶ªV ZoʶmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo. ˶mAmYrhr B§J«Or d¥ÎmnÌo {ZKVM hmoVr. ˶mVhr AJ«boI Agm¶Mo. ‘mÌ ‘amR>r AJ«boIm§Mr MMm© gwê$ Pmbr Vr ~mi J§JmYa AWm©V bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$m§nmgyZ. B§J«Om§À¶m Owb‘r amOdQ>rÀ¶m dmVmdaUmV XoIrb "gaH$maMo S>moHo$ {R>H$mUmda Amho H$m¶...?' Agm Ohmb gdmb {Q>iH$m§Zr Odinmg 100 dfm©nydu AJ«boImÀ¶m ‘Wù¶mVyZ Ho$bm hmoVm. ˶mdoir AgUmar n[apñWVr S>moù¶mnwT>o AmUbr Va Agm ‘Wim XoD$Z AJ«boI {b{hʶmMo YmS>g {H$Vr Abm¡{H$H$ hmoVo ho bjmV ¶oVo. ˶mMmM nJS>m ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌg¥ï>rV H$m¶‘ am{hbm. AmOhr AZoH$ d¥ÎmnÌm§Zm ¶m ‘Wù¶mMm ‘moh Q>miVm ¶oV Zmhr, EdT>r ˶m eãXm§‘ܶo Y‘H$ hmoVr, Yma hmoVr. (AmO H$mhr {Oëhm d¥ÎmnÌo XoIrb A‘o[aHo$À¶m gaH$maMo S>moio {R>H$mUmda Amho H$m? Ago ‘Wio XoD$Z AJ«boI {b{hVmV hr Jmoï> Ab{hXm!) Om§^oH$a, {Q>iH$ ¶m§Mr hrM na§nam VodT>çmM YmS>grnUmZo d Omo‘mZo nwT>o ZoʶmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo Vo Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a, H¥$îUmOr à^mH$a Im{S>bH$a ¶m§Zr. h.am. ‘hmOZr, a.Zm. bmQ>o ¶m§Zrhr AJ«boIm§À¶m
AJ«boIm‘wio ‘m’$s ‘mJmdr bmJbr... B§{Xam Jm§Yr ¶m§Zr AmUr~mUr bmJy Ho$ë¶mZ§Va ˶mMo g‘W©Z H$aUmao AJ«boI "Q>mB©åg Am°’$ B§{S>¶m'VyZ g§nmXH$ {Jarbmb O¡Z ¶m§Zr {b{hbo. AmUr~mUr CR>dbr Joë¶mZ§Va B§{Xam Jm§Yr ¶m§Mm nam^d Pmbm. Voìhm ""Amåhr KoVbobr ^y{‘H$m MwH$sMr hmoVr, ho Am‘À¶m bjmV Ambo åhUyZ Amåhr dmMH$m§Mr ‘m’$s ‘mJVmo'' Aer R>iH$ Mm¡H$Q>hr "Q>mB©åg Am°’$ B§{S>¶m'Zo àH$m{eV Ho$br hmoVr.
‘mܶ‘mVyZ ñdV:Mr doJir AmoiI V¶ma Ho$br. AmUr~mUrZ§Va Pmboë¶m {ZdS>UwH$sÀ¶m H$mimV bmQ>o ¶m§Zr "‘VXma amOm OmJm ahm, amÌ d¡è¶mMr Amho' Ago ‘Wio XoV {b{hbobo AJ«boI AmOhr ñ‘aUmV AmhoV. h.am. ‘hmOZr ho am°¶dmXr. ˶m§Zr EH$ {d{eð> ^y{‘H$m KoD$Z Amnbo AJ«boI {b{hbo d ˶mdoiÀ¶m amOH$maUmMo ‘moO‘mn Ho$bo. ˶mMH$mimV ¶m na§naobm AmUIr bm¡{H$H$ {‘idyZ XoʶmMo d AJ«boIm§Zm bmoH${චH$aʶmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo Vo AmMm¶© àëhmX Ho$ed C’©$ à.Ho$. AÌo ¶m§Zr. A˶§V ~moMè¶m e¡brV ˶m§Zr AJ«boIm§VyZ AZoH$m§Mo H$nS>o CVa{dbo. ‘mÌ AJ«boIm§VyZ Ho$di Q>rH$m Z H$aVm {dYm¶H$ ^y{‘H$mhr KoʶmMo
AJ«bI o naV KoVbm Jobm... ‘Xa Q>ao g o m ¶m§À¶m H$m¶m©{df¶r Q>rH$mË‘H$ Agm AJ«bI o g§nmXH$ {Jarf Hw$~oa ¶m§Zr "bmoH$gÎmm'‘ܶo {b{hbm hmoVm. ˶mdê$Z ‘moR>m JhO~ Pmbm. {ZfoYmMo Vrd« gya C‘Q>b.o n[aUm‘r ""Amåhr Am‘Mm Vmo AJ«bI o naV KoV AmhmoV'' Aer Mm¡H$Q> N>mnʶmMr doi ˶m§À¶mda Ambr. d¥ÎmnÌg¥ï>rV AJ«bI o naV KoVbm Joë¶mMr hr EH$‘od Xþ{‘©i KQ>Zm. ‘mÌ EH$Xm à{gÕ Pmbobm d bmoH$m§Zr dmMbobm AJ«bI o ‘mJo KoVë¶mZo 춺$ hmoUmam nümÎmmn {H$Vr {ZIi åhUmdm, hmhr àýM Amho. H$m‘ AÌo ¶m§Zr gwê$ Ho$bo. Á¶mMr n[aUrVr g§¶wº$ ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m bT>çmV nhm¶bm {‘imbr. ¶m bT>çmÀ¶m ¶emV ˶m§À¶m AJ«boIm§Mm ‘moR>m dmQ>m hmoVm. ˶mM H$mbI§S>mV AJ«boIm§À¶m OJmV EH$ Zdo nd© gwê$ Ho$bo à~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao ¶m§Zr. àIa gwYmaUmdmXr d¥ÎmrÀ¶m à~moYZH$mam§Zr Amnë¶m AJ«boIm§VyZ g‘mOmVë¶m WmoVm§S>m{déÜX naIS> ^mî¶ H$aʶmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo. ˶mZ§Va H$mhr dfmªZr AJ«boImÀ¶m
‘mܶ‘mVyZ ñdV:Mr doJir N>mn nmS>ʶmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo JmoqdX VidiH$a ¶m§Zr. Amnbo d¥ÎmnÌ Amnë¶m AJ«boImgmR>r dmMbo OmVo Aer VmR>a ^y{‘H$mhr ˶m§Zr AZoH$Xm KoVbr. B§{Xam Jm§Yr ¶m§À¶mnmgyZ AZoH$ ~S>çm amOH$s¶ Zo˶m§gmo~V ˶m§Mr CR>~g hmoVr. ¶ed§Vamd MìhmU Vo eaX ndma hohr H$m¶‘ JmoqdXamdm§À¶m g§nH$m©V Agm¶Mo. ˶m‘wio AZoH$Xm JmoqdXamd Oo H$mhr {bhm¶Mo Vo ¶ed§Vamd qH$dm eaX ndma ¶m§Mr ^y{‘H$m Va Vo ‘m§S>V ZgmdoV Zm, Agohr J‘VrZo ~mobbo Om¶Mo. ndmam§À¶m nwbmoX emgZ {Z{‘©VrV ˶m§À¶m AJ«boIm§Mm ‘hÎdmMm dmQ>m hmoVm. Á¶mdoir JmoqdXamd "‘hmamï´> Q>mB©åg'‘YyZ AJ«boI {bhÿZ amÁ¶mV amOH$s¶ dmao {’$adV Agm¶Mo ˶mdoir n{ü‘ ‘hmamï´>mV nwʶmVyZ "gH$mi'À¶m AJ«boImVyZ ZmZmgmho~ néioH$a ¶m§Zr bmoH$m{^‘wI ^y{‘H$m ‘m§S>ʶmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo. Va {dX^m©V ZmJnya‘ܶo "bmoH$‘V'À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ nm§. dm. JmS>Jri Va ‘amR>dmS>çmMr amOYmZr Am¡a§Jm~mXoVyZ "‘amR>dmS>m' X¡{ZH$mVyZ AZ§V ^mboamd Am{U "bmoH$‘V'‘YyZ ‘.¶. C’©$ ~m~m Xidr ¶m§Zr ˶m ˶m ^mJmVbo àý AJ«boImÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ EoaUrda KoVbo hmoVo. AZ§Vamdm§Zr ‘amR>dmS>m {dÚmnrR>mÀ¶m Zm‘m§VamÀ¶m {damoYr ^y{‘H$m KoVbr hmoVr Va ˶mMdoir ~m~m Xidr ¶m§Zr ‘amR>dmS>m Zm‘m§VamÀ¶m ~mOyZo R>m‘ ^y{‘H$m KoVbr hmoVr. ¶m XmoÝhr ^y{‘H$m ˶m H$mimV amÁ¶^a JmOë¶m. EH$mM ehamVyZ {ZKUmè¶m XmoZ d¥ÎmnÌmÀ¶m XmoZ AJ«boIm§‘YyZ Aem XmoZ ^y{‘H$m dmMH$m§Zm {‘iV hmo˶m. AJ«boIm§Mrhr ñnYm© hmoD$ eH$Vo ho ˶m H$mimZo XmIdyZ {Xbo hmoVo. hr gJir nmœ©^y‘r AgVmZm à~moYZH$mam§Mm dmagm MmbdV ~mimgmho~ R>mH$ao ¶m§Zr "gm‘Zm'Mr ñWmnZm Ho$br Am{U AJ«boIm§Mo EH$ Zdo nd© ‘hmamï´>mV CX¶mbm Ambo. AmnU Omhra g^m§‘YyZ Ogo ~mobVmo VgoM AJ«boImVyZhr 춺$ hmoʶmMo H$m‘ ~mimgmho~m§Zr Ho$bo. A˶§V eobŠ¶m eãXmV, H$moUmMmhr ‘wbm{hOm Z R>odVm ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 19
AJ«boI {b{hbo hmoVo. AmO d¶mÀ¶m 75 ì¶m dfu XoIrb "bmoH$‘V'À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ gwaoe ÛmXerdma ¶m§Zr h„r H$mi ~Xbbm. Odinmg XrS>eodfmªZr AJ«boImÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo Amnë¶m boIUrMr Yma VinV a{ddmar AJ«boI XoʶmMr àWm ~§X Pmbr nU R>odbr Amho. H$mi ~XbV Jobm. AJ«boIm§À¶m ghmæ¶mZo gaH$mao EH$ H$mi a{ddmaÀ¶m AJ«boIm§Zr JmOdbm Vmo Á¶oð> gm{hp˶H$ d g§nmXH$ {dÚmYa JmoIbo ~Xbbr. amOH$maU ~Xbbo, ‘mUg§ ~Xbbr, ‘mÌ ¶m§Zr. Xa a{ddmar Vo gm{h˶, H$bm, g§ñH¥$Vr hiyhiy BboŠQ´>m°{ZŠg ‘mܶ‘m§Mo AmJ‘Z Pmbo, gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mMm {diIm g‘mO‘Zmbm nS>bm, Vgo dmMZmMr ¶m {df¶mda AmYm[aV Aà{V‘ AJ«boI d¥Îmr H$‘r hmoV Jobr. AJ«boI {H$Vr Q>¸o$ bmoH$ dmMVmV {bhm¶Mo. AZoH$Xm Va gm{h˶mVrb EImXm eãX KoD$Z Vo {bhm¶Mo nU Vo BVHo$ AmoKd˶m Aer hr MMm© AmVm gwê$ Pmbr. AmO AJ«boIm§Mo ‘hÎd {H$Vr, dmMH$ {H$Vr ho àý e¡brV Agm¶Mo H$s ˶mMm à^md Xþgè¶m Oar gam©gnUo M{M©bo OmV Agbo Var d¥ÎmnÌmÀ¶m 186 a{ddmaMm AJ«boI ¶oB©n¶ªV Agm¶Mm. dfmªÀ¶m B{VhmgmV Joë¶m H$mhr H$mimV a{ddmaÀ¶m ˶m§Zr Amnë¶m AJ«boImVyZ AZoH$m§Mo dóhaU Ho$bo. d¥ÎmnÌm§‘YyZ AJ«boI hÔnma Pmbo... H$mimMm ‘{h‘m ˶m H$mimV "gm‘Zm'Mo AJ«boI dmMUo hr nd©Urhr ¶mhÿZ Xþgam H$m¶ Agy eH$Vmo...? Agm¶Mr Am{U H$a‘UyH$hr. AJ«boImVyZ R>mH$ao ¶m§Zr mmm H$m¶‘ àIa qhXþËddmXr ^y{‘H$m ‘m§S>br Am{U ˶mÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo amÁ¶mV nmM df} ^mOnm {edgoZm ¶wVrMo gaH$mahr AmUbo. ~mimgmho~m§Zr ˶mdoir AemoH$ nS>{~Ðr ¶m g‘mOdmXr ì¶p³V‘Ëdmbm ñdV:À¶m n§ImImbr KoVbo. ˶m§Zr XoIrb H$mhr H$mhr H$mi "gm‘Zm'Mo AJ«boI {b{hbo. Va ‘w§~B©V "ZdmH$mi'À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ ZriH§$R> ImS>rbH$a ¶m§Zr "AJ«boIm§Mo ~mXehm' Aer ñdV:M ñdV:bm CnmYr XoV AJ«boIm§Zm g§nmXH$s¶ nmZmdê$Z n{hë¶m nmZmda AmUbo. Eadr Aݶ X¡{ZHo$ EImXr {deof KQ>Zm KS>br VaM AJ«boImbm n{hë¶m nmZmda AmUm¶Mo. ‘mÌ {Ziy^mD$§Zr ñdV:À¶m d¥ÎmnÌmV AJ«boIm§Zm H$m¶‘ n{hbo nmZM {Xbo. ˶mMgw‘mamg "bmoH$gÎmm'À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ ‘mYd JS>H$ar d ˶m§À¶mZ§Va AéU {Q>Ho$H$a ¶m§Zr AJ«boIm§Ûmao ñdV:Mr doJir AmoiI ‘hmamï´>^a {Z‘m©U Ho$br. nwT>o Vr OmJm "‘hmamï´> Q>mB©åg' ‘YyZ Amboë¶m Hw$‘ma Ho$VH$am§Zr KoVbr. ˶m§Zr AmYr "‘Q>m'‘ܶo AmUr~mUrMo g‘W©Z H$aUmar ^y{‘H$m KoV
a{ddmaMo Agohr AJ«boI
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 20
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 1
Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§Mo OJV a{damO J§Yo
‘mܶ‘ Aä¶mgH$ Am{U boIH$
18
96 gmbr ‘mH$m}Zr øm g§emoYH$mZo B§½b§S>‘ܶo ao{S>Amo Q>o{bJ«m’$ øm {~ZVmar ¶§ÌmMm emoY bmdbm Am{U 1906 gmbr Amnë¶m ImOJr ‘mbH$sÀ¶m ‘mH$m}Zr ao{S>Amo H§$nZrMr gwédmV Ho$br. ˶mH$mir øm ao{S>Amodê$Z ’$ŠV ^mfU§ Am{U g§JrV àgm[aV Ho$bo OmB©. Z§VaÀ¶m H$mimV åhUOo gmYmaU 1916 gmbr A‘o[aHo$Zo Amnë¶m A‘o[aH$Z ao{S>Amo A±S> [agM© H$m°nm}aoeZ Ûmam ao{S>Amo H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mo arVga àjonU gwê$ Ho$bo; na§Vw ˶mZ§Va n{hë¶m ‘hm¶wÕm‘wio 1919n¶ªVÀ¶m H$mimV gd© ImOJr H§$nݶm§Mo àjonU ~§X hmoVo. n{hë¶m ‘hm¶wÕmZ§Va 14 Zmoìho. 1922 gmbr B§½b§S>‘ܶo ~r.~r.gr.Mr ñWmnZm Pmbr Am{U ˶m§Zr Amnbr ao{S>Amodarb àjonUgodm gwê$ Ho$br. Z§VaÀ¶m H$mimV åhUOo 1928À¶m Xaå¶mZ B§½b§S>‘ܶo H$mhr ImOJr H§$nݶm§‘m’©$V Xÿa{MÌdmUrÀ¶m a§JrV H$m¶©H«$‘m§À¶m àjonUm§Mo à¶moJ gwê$ Pmbo hmoVo Am{U 1941 gmbr ~r.~r.gr. Zo Amnbo n{hbo a§JrV Xÿa{MÌdmUrMo àjonU gwê$ Ho$bo. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 21
˶mZ§VaÀ¶m H$mimV B§½b§S> d A‘o[aH$m, O‘©Zr, ’«$mÝg, BQ>br ¶m Xoem§‘ܶo ao{S>Amo Am{U Xÿa{MÌdmUrMm OmoamV àgma d g§emoYZ gwê$ Pmbo. ˶m‘wio gmh{OH$M øm {df¶mVrb Á¶oð>Vm d loð>Vm Am{U à¶moJ{df¶H$ g§emoYZmMo gmao lo¶ ˶m ˶m Xoem§H$S>o OmVo. Am{U åhUyZM 75 dfmªnojm A{YH$ H$mimMm øm ‘mܶ‘mMm B{Vhmg Agboë¶m B§½b§S>, A‘o[aH$m ¶m XoemVrb boIH$, H$bmH$ma, Xÿa{MÌdmUrMo {Z‘m©Vo Am{U BVa g§emoYH$m§Zr, g‘mOemókm§Zr Xÿa{MÌdmUr øm {df¶mda {dnwb boIZ Ho$bo Amho. gr.~r.Eg. ‘Yrb CËH¥$îQ> d¥Îm{ZdoXH$ ES>dS>© ‘amo, ~r.~r.gr. ‘Yrb à{gÕ ‘wbmIVH$ma am°{~Z S>o AmXr ‘§S>itZr Amnë¶m Xÿa{MÌdmUrdarb H$ma{H$XuVrb AZw^dm§da AmYm[aV H$mhr AmË‘M[aÌdOm boIZ Ho$bo Amho. amOH$maU Am{U Xÿa{MÌdmUr, XÿaXe©Z gm‘m{OH$ d ‘mZgemór¶ n[aUm‘m§da AmYm[aV g§emoYZna Aerhr H$mhr ‘hÎdnyU© nwñVHo$ CnbãY AmhoV. ~r.~r.gr. V’}$ Xadfu ˶m§À¶m H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr ‘m{hVr XoUmao EH$ BAa ~wH$ à{gÕ Ho$bo OmVo. dmMH$m§Zm Vo ZŠH$sM ‘m{hVrnyU© dmQ>ob. Amnë¶mH$S>o øm ‘mܶ‘m§Mm CJ‘ d àgma H$mbn¶ªV ’$magm Pmbobm Zgbm Var hr ‘mܶ‘o ^maVr¶m§Zm Ver {VVH$ser Zdr ZmhrV! H$maU {~«{Q>em§Zr ^maVm‘ܶo aoëdo, YaU, ‘hm‘mJ© B˶mXr H$mhr R>iH$ gwYmaUm§Mr ~rO§ Amnë¶m amOdQ>rM ¶oWo éO{dbr; ˶mVM ^maVmVrb ao{S>Amo H|$Ð gwê$ H$aʶmMo lo¶ ˶m§À¶mMH$S>o OmVo. {~«{Q>em§Zr 1927 gmbr B§{S>¶Z ~«m°S>H$mpñQ>§J H§$nZrMr ñWmnZm H$ê$Z ‘w§~B© Am{U H$bH$Îmm ¶oWo ^maVmVrb n{hbr ao{S>Amo H|$Ðo gwê$ Ho$br Am{U 1959 gmbr ¶wZoñH$moZo O‘©Z V§ÌkmZmÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo Amnë¶m {dH$mgH$m¶m©Mm EH$ ^mJ åhUyZ {Xëbr ¶oWo àm¶mo{JH$ VÎdm§da XÿaXe©ZMo g‘mO d {ejU{df¶H$ H$m¶©H«$‘ ^maV gaH$maÀ¶m Z^modmUr Im˶mÀ¶m nadmZJrZo àjo{nV H$am¶bm gwédmV Ho$br. A{YH¥$V[a˶m ^maVmVbo n{hbo d{hbo XÿaXe©Z H|$Ð {X. 15 gßQ>|~a 1959 gmbr {Xëbr ¶oWo ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 22
S>m°. amO|Ð àgmX ¶m§À¶m ew^hñVo gwê$ Pmbo. ˶mdoir O‘©Z V§ÌkmÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo ñQw>{S>Amo Am{U H°$‘oao-aoH$m°S>©a AmXr Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~tMr nyV©Vm H$aʶmV Ambr. ˶mdoir {Xëbr H|$Ðmdê$Z àgm[aV hmoUmao H$m¶©H«$‘ ho 40 Vo 50 {H$‘r. A§Vamdarb àojH$m§n¶ªV nmohMV AgV, nm{hbo OmV. ˶mbmM Q>o{bpìhOZ Ago åhQ>bo OmB©. H$m¶©H«$‘mMo ñdê$n MMm©, ‘wbmIVr, N>moQ>çm Zm{Q>H$m Aem àH$maMo hmoVo. Amamo½¶ ñdÀN>Vm, J^©dVr ‘{hbm§Mm d ‘wbm§Mm nmofU Amhma, Xmé~§Xr, eoVr{df¶H$ nrHo$ Am{U IVm§Mm dmna ¶m{df¶r gëbm-‘mJ©Xe©Z Agm H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mm {df¶ Ame¶ Ago. AmOhr XÿaXe©Z Am{U AmH$medmUrÀ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr aMZm hr g‘mO à~moYZ Am{U CX²~moYZna AerM AgVo. A{YH¥$V[a˶m n{hbo AmH$medmUr H|$Ð {Xëbr ¶oWo 1956 gmbr gwê$ Pmbo. AmO{‘Vrbm AmH$medmUrMo Odinmg 420 Am{U ImOJr ao{S>Amodm{hݶm§Mr 245 H|$Ðo H$m¶©aV AmhoV. ^maVmVë¶m EHy$U Q>rìhr M°ZoëgMr g§»¶m Odinmg 857 À¶m KamV Amho. ˶mVrb amï´>r¶ Am{U àmXo{eH$ XÿaXe©ZÀ¶m 34 dm{hݶm H$m¶©aV AmhoV. 23 à‘wI ^mfm Am{U 175 ~mobr ^mfoVyZ AmH$medmUrMo H$m¶©H«$‘ àgm[aV Ho$bo OmVmV. XoemVë¶m 99 Q>ŠHo$ bmoH$g§»¶on¶ªV nmohMʶmMr j‘Vm Agboë¶m AmH$medmUrMm CëboI {dH$snr{S>¶mZo OJmVrb gdm©V ‘moR>m ao{S>Amo ZoQ>dH©$ Agm Ho$bm Amho. hOmamo dfmªnydu Hw$éjoÌmda Pmboë¶m H$m¡adnm§S>dm§À¶m ¶wÕmMr aå¶ dmVm© g§O¶Zo Amnë¶m {Xì¶Ñï>rZo ‘¥Ë¶weæ¶oda nS>boë¶m Y¥Vamï´>mbm BËW§^yV gm§{JVbr. ˶mH$mir {Xì¶ g‘Obr OmUmar Vr Ñï>r AmO {dkmZmZo gm‘mݶm§À¶m KamV {MÌdmUrÀ¶m ê$nmZo nmohmoM{dbr Amho. ໶mV ’«|$M {MÌH$ma Aë~Q>© amo{~S>m ¶mbm g§O¶gmaIr {Xì¶Ñï>r Oar bm^bobr Zgbr Var ˶mÀ¶m à{V^obm ‘mÌ ^{dî¶H$mbrZ {MÌdmUr ¶wJmMr Mmhÿb Oê$a bmJbr hmoVr. 1882 gmbr øm H$bmd§VmZo H$mT>boë¶m H$mhr aoIm{MÌm§‘ܶo bmoH$ Amnë¶m KamV ~gyZ {MÌdmUrda MmbUmar Z¥Ë¶o, g§JrV, ¶wÕm§À¶m
hmbMmbr nmhV AmhoV Aer Ñí¶o aoImQ>bobr {XgVmV. ˶mMo ho Ðï>onU {Z{üVM H$m¡VwH$mñnX AgoM åhUmdo bmJob. Iè¶mIwè¶m {MÌdmUrÀ¶m C^maUrMo lo¶ Oo.Eb. ~oAS>© ¶m§MoH$S>o OmVo. ~r.~r.gr. ({~«{Q>e ~«m°S>H$mpñQ>§J H$m°nm}aoeZ) Zo gd©àW‘ ˶m§Zr V¶ma Ho$bobr {MÌdmUrMr gmYZo dmnamV AmUbr. Xþgè¶m ‘hm¶wÕmZ§Va B§½b§S>, A‘o[aH$m, ’«$mÝg, O‘©Zr ¶m Xoem§‘ܶo {MÌdmUrMm {dH$mg ’$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Pmbm. n BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘r{S>¶mMr d¡{eï>ço Xÿa{MÌdmUrÀ¶m ê$nmZo Oo Z XoIo adr Vo XoIo H$dr øm CŠVrà‘mUo Xÿa{MÌdmUrMm H°$‘oam S>m|Ja, ZÚm, g‘wÐ, O§Jb, A§Vami, ^yJ^m©Vrb ahñ¶ Amnë¶mnwT>o CbJSy> bmJbo. àH$memÀ¶m doJmZo A{VObX arVrZo {d{dY Ñí¶§ Vw‘À¶mg‘moa C‘Qy> bmJbr. hm Ia§M M‘ËH$maM åhUm¶bm hdm. Og§ åhUVmV H$s ‘mUgmMo S>moio H$Yr ImoQ>§ ~mobV ZmhrV, ˶mà‘mUo H°$‘oam Vwåhmbm Ia§ VoM XmIdVmo. Ia§ åhUOo à˶j ˶mÀ¶mg‘moa Oo Agob Vo, VgoM Vw‘À¶mn¶ªV nmohM{dVmo. AWm©V H$m¶ XmIdm¶Mo AZ² H$m¶ Zmhr ømMm {ZU©¶ H°$‘oam ñdV… KoV Zmhr Va ˶m‘mJrb ‘mUyg KoV AgVmo. åhUOo Oo H°$‘oè¶mMo Vm§{ÌH$ d¡{eï>ço AgVo, VgoM ˶m‘mJo C^o amhUmè¶m ‘mUgmMoXoIrb H$mhrEH$ d¡{eï>ç AgVo. hrM ‘mUg§ BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘r{S>¶mMr AmoiI AZ² d¡{eï>ço {Z‘m©U H$arV AgVmV. ‘mܶ‘m§Mr JwUdÎmm ˶mMo ’$m¶Xo-VmoQ>o, Cn¶mo{JVm R>a{dV AgVmV. åhUyZM Ooìhm AmnU BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘r{S>¶mÀ¶m d¡{eï>çmMr AZ² Cn¶mo{JVoMr MMm© H$aVmo, Voìhm H°$‘oam‘mJrb ‘mUgm§‘Yë¶m JwUd¡{eï>çmMrM MMm© H$arV AgVmo. Vmo ‘mUyg ‘mܶ‘mbm gH$mamË‘H$ dm ZH$mamË‘H$, {dYm¶H$ H$s {dKmVH$ ñdê$n XoVmo, ømda ˶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mr Cn¶mo{JVm Adb§~yZ AgVo. åhUyZM àgma‘mܶ‘ hr g‘mOm{^‘wI AgUo hmM gdm©V ‘moR>m ˶mMm JwU{deof åhUmdm bmJob. Xþgao ‘hÎdmMo øm ‘mܶ‘mMo d¡{eï>ç åhUOo Ñí¶mË‘H$ n[aUm‘ gmYUo, Ñí¶m§Mr Amnbr ñdV…
Mr EH$ ^mfm AgVo. ˶m ^mfoV Oa BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘r{S>¶mVrb H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr {Z{‘©Vr Pmbr Va A{YH$ à^mdr AZ² ghO[a˶m OZgm‘mݶm§n¶ªV nmohMy eH$Vo. àojH$m§À¶m öX¶mer {^Sy> eH$Vo. AWm©V Vr Ñí¶mMr ^mfm Zo‘H$s H$m¶ Amho ho g‘OyZ KoUo d AdJV H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. ‘hmH$dr J.{X. ‘mS>JyiH$a ho CÎm‘ nQ>H$WmH$ma åhUyZ à{gÕ hmoVo. AZoH$ ‘amR>r {gZo‘m§À¶m nQ>H$Wm ˶m§Zr {b{hë¶m. Amnë¶m C‘oXdmarÀ¶m H$mimVrb {gZo‘mÀ¶m nQ>H$WmboIZmMm AZw^d gm§JVmZm ‘mS>JyiH$a gm§JVmV, {X½Xe©H$ ‘mñQ>a {dZm¶H$m§Zr ‘bm EH$m àdoemda grZ {bhm¶bm gm§{JVbm. Vo Ñí¶ Ago hmoVo H$s Zm¶H$ gw§Xa Zm{¶Ho$bm pñdq‘J nyb‘ܶo ObH«$sS>m H$aVmZm nmhVmo Am{U Vmo Vo Amnë¶m {‘Ìmbm dU©Z H$ê$Z gm§JV AgVmo. øm Ñí¶m‘ܶo Zm¶H$mÀ¶m Vm|S>r ‘r XmoZVrZ nmZm§Mo, Zm{¶Ho$À¶m gm¢X¶m©Mo dU©Z H$arV Agë¶mMo b§~oMm¡S>o ^mfU KmVbo. Vo EoH$ë¶mda {X½Xe©H$ ‘bm åhUmbo, Ahmo ‘mS>JyiH$a Vw‘Mm Zm¶H$ ˶m gw§Xa VéUrÀ¶m gm¢X¶m©Zo Km¶mi Pmbm Ago Vwåhmbm åhUm¶Mo Amho Zm? ‘J BVHo$ dU©Z ˶mÀ¶m Vm|S>r H$embm? gai Vw‘À¶m Zm{¶Ho$bm nmʶmV ~wS>dm Am{U ~mhoa H$mT>m H$s g§nb§ Ñí¶! ho EoH$ë¶mda ‘m¶mVbm nQ>H$WmH$mamMm OÝ‘ Pmbm! eãX Am{U Ñí¶ øm XmoÝhr‘Ybm Zo‘H$m H$m¶ ’$aH$ Amho ho ÑH$lmì¶ ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m g§X^m©V bjmV ¿¶m¶bm hdo. H$maU ho Xÿa{MÌdmUr ‘mܶ‘mMo ‘hÎdmMo d¡{eï>ç Amho. Xÿa{MÌdmUr nmhʶmÀ¶m à{H«$¶o‘ܶo EoH$Uo Am{U nmhUo øm ghOgmܶ H$ï>a{hV Z¡g{J©H$ gd¶tMm A§V^m©d Agë¶mZo d ˶mgmR>r Hw$R>ë¶mhr gmjaVoMr JaO Zgë¶mZo hr gd¶ gdm©V OmñV bmoH${චAZ² bmoH$m{^‘wI Pmbr. hoM Xÿa{MÌdmUr Am{U AmH$medmUr ‘mܶ‘mMo gdm©V ‘hÎdmMo epŠVñWmZ Amho. {Zaja bmoH$m§gmR>r Va Vo daXmZM Amho Ago åhQ>ë¶mg dmdJ§ R>ê$ Z¶o. Á¶m§Zm {b{hVm-dmMVm ¶oV Zmhr, ˶m§À¶mgmR>r kmZ, ‘Zmoa§OZ AZ² CX²~moYZmMo gmYZ Amho. AWm©V² øm ‘mܶ‘mMm ˶m AZwf§JmZo Cn¶moJ Ho$bm Va! H$maU ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 23
bmoH${ejUmMo AZ² OZOmJaUmMo ‘moR>o H$m‘ Xÿa{MÌdmUr H$ê$ eH$Vo. H$mhr à‘mUmV H$aVo XoIrb. g‘mOmVë¶m gd© WamVë¶m AZ² d¶moJQ>mVrb bmoH$m§Zm g‘OVrb, éMVrb Ago H$m¶©H«$‘ H$aUo Xÿa{MÌdmUrÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mV ghO eŠ¶ hmoVo. hm ‘mܶ‘mMm ‘hÎdmMm JwU{deof Amho. ømM JwU{deofmÀ¶m AmYmao XÿaXe©Z Am{U Aݶ H$mhr dm{hݶm§darb H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr AmIUr Pmbobr AmnU nmhVmo. Xÿa{MÌdmUrÀ¶m ømM JwU{deofm‘wio H$mhr dm{hݶm OZVm H$s AmdmO, g~go VoO, g~go VrIr ZOa, ‘hmamï´>mMo ‘hmM°Zb Aer {d{dY {~ê$X§ KoD$Z H$m¶©aV Pmbobr Amnë¶mbm {XgVmV. Amnbo M°Zob hmM OZgm‘mݶm§Mm AmdmO Amho AWdm AmnUM Iè¶m AWm©Zo àmg§{JH$ KS>m‘moS>rMo OZVoMo à{V{ZYr åhUyZ AMyH$ {díbofU H$aVmo Agmhr Xmdm H$aVmV. ˶mV H$mhr A§er V϶hr AmT>iVo. H$maU AmUr~mUrÀ¶m AZoH$ àg§Jr AmYr CëboI Ho$ë¶mà‘mUo àgma‘mܶ‘o A{Ve¶ ÐþV JVrZo ~mV‘r-n[apñWVr bmoH$m§n¶ªV nmohmoM{dʶmMm à¶ËZ H$aVmV. àgma‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m øm {’$a˶m {Vgè¶m S>moù¶m§‘wio OZVm, gaH$ma, àemgZ Am{U AZoH${dY joÌmVrb ‘§S>itZm g§~§{YV ~mV‘rMr-
n[apñWVrMr ‘m{hVr {‘iVo. ho øm ‘mܶ‘mMo AmUIr EH$ d¡{eï>ç åhUVm ¶oB©b. hr ‘mܶ‘§ Á¶m XmoZ ‘hÎdmÀ¶m Im§~mda C^r AmhoV qH$dm Agm¶bm hdr, Vr åhUOo g§XoeàgmaU Am{U OZ‘V V¶ma H$aUo. øm XmoZ ‘hÎdmÀ¶m O~m~Xmè¶m BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§da AmhoV. Ogo Kam‘ܶo EImÚm {df¶m~m~V-Jmoï>r~m~V Hw$Qw>§~mVë¶m gd© gXñ¶m§Mo EH$‘V hmoVo qH$dm {dMma{d{Z‘¶mZo ‘V V¶ma hmoVo, VgoM XoemVrb {d{dY g‘ñ¶màíZm§g§X^m©V gd©gm‘mݶ ‘mUgmbm H|${Ð^yV R>odyZ ˶mÀ¶m H$ë¶mUmMr ^y{‘H$m KoD$Z bmoH$‘V V¶ma H$aUo, OZOmJaU H$ê$Z {dH$mg AZ² àJVr H$m¶m©V gh^mJr hmoUo hr AmOMr JaO Amho Am{U ˶mgmR>r BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘r{S>¶mZo Amnë¶m gd© JwUd¡{eï>çm§gh ñdV…Mr g‘mOmàVr Agbobr Cn¶mo{JVm {gÜX Ho$br nm{hOo. ‘mܶ‘ Am{U ‘mܶ‘H$‘vZr àgma‘mܶ‘mVrb ì¶mnma Am{U {hVg§~§Y ¶mnbrH$S>o OmD$Z Amnbr Cn¶mo{JVm {gÕ Ho$br nm{hOo. Ago Pmbo Va ‘mܶ‘ OZgm‘mݶm§‘ܶo AmœmgH$ dmVmdaU {Z‘m©U H$aʶmV ¶eñdr hmoVrb. ("‘mܶ‘a§J'‘YyZ gm^ma)
mmm
n{hë¶m ‘{hbm ’$moQ>mo nÌH$ma hmo‘mB© ì¶mamdmbm ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 24
^maVmÀ¶m n{hë¶m ‘{hbm ’$moQ>mo nÌH$ma hmo˶m. hmo‘mB© ì¶mamdmbm ¶m§Zr ñdV§Ì ^maVmVrb n{hë¶m VrZ XeH$m§Vrb AZoH$ KQ>Zm KS>‘moS>tMr jU{MÌo Amnë¶m H°$‘oè¶mV H¡$X Ho$br. hmo‘mB© ì¶mamdmbm ¶m§Mm OÝ‘ 9 {S>g|~a 1913 amoOr JwOamV‘Yrb Zdgmar ¶oWrb EH$m ‘ܶ‘dJu¶ nmaer Hw$Qw>§~mV Pmbm hmoVm. Amnë¶m {‘ÌmH$Sy>Z ˶m ’$moQ>moJ«m’$s {eH$ë¶m. 1942 ‘ܶo {X„rV dmñVì¶mbm Amë¶mZ§Va ˶m§Zr nÌH$m[aVogmR>r ’$moQ>moJ«m’$sbm gwédmV Ho$br. ñdmV§Í¶ bT>çmÀ¶m AIoaÀ¶m ndm©V n§{S>V Zohé, ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr ¶m§À¶mgh AZoH$ ‘hÎdmÀ¶m Zo˶m§Mr VgoM ñdV§Ì ^maVmVrb n{hë¶m VrZ XeH$m§Vrb AZoH$ ‘hÎdmÀ¶m KQ>Zm ˶m§Zr Amnë¶m H°$‘oè¶mV H¡$X Ho$ë¶m.
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 1
춧J{MÌmMr VmH$X {ddoH$ ‘ohoÌo
Á¶oð> 춧J{MÌH$ma Am{U àH$meH$
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aVm‘ܶo 춧J{MÌ H$boMr ’$ma ‘moR>r na§nam Amho. 100 dfmªhÿZ A{YH$ H$mi Amnë¶m XoemV dV©‘mZnÌo d {Z¶VH$m{bH$m§‘ܶo 춧J{MÌo, hmñ¶{MÌo àH$m{eV hmoV AmhoV. nmaV§Í¶mÀ¶m H$mimV amOH$s¶ {df¶ d g‘mO à~moYZ ¶mgmR>r øm ‘mܶ‘mMm àm‘w»¶mZo Cn¶moJ Ho$bm OmV Ago. ‘mÌ Ë¶m H$mimV N>nmB©Mo V§Ì ’$mago àJV ZìhVo. à˶oH$ {MÌmMm doJim R>gm (ãbm°H$) ~ZdyZ N>nmB© Ho$br OmV Ago. EH$Xm 춧J{MÌ àH$m{eV Pmë¶mda ˶m ãbm°H$/R>moH$ù¶mMm H$mhrhr Cn¶moJ hmoV Zgo åhUyZ N>moQ>çm X¡{ZH$m§Zm/N>moQ>çm ‘m{gH$m§Zm 춧J{MÌ N>nmB©Mm IM© H$aUo nadS>V Zgo. ˶m‘wio XoemV d ‘hmamï´>mV ’$maM H$‘r 춧J{MÌH$ma hmoVo. 춧J{MÌ aoImQ>Uo hm nyU© doioMm, nmoQ>mnmʶmMm ì¶dgm¶ Zgë¶mZo ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {MÌH$maM H$YrVar JaOoà‘mUo 춧J{MÌo aoImQy>Z XoV AgV. ’$maM ‘moR>çm X¡{ZH$m§H$S>o/àH$meZ g§ñWm§H$S>o {ZdS>H$ 춧J{MÌH$ma Zo‘ʶmMr EonV Ago. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 25
nU hiyhiy ‘amR>r dmMH$m§Mr AmdS>, {df¶m§M§ d¡{dܶ d N>m{nb ‘m{gH$m§Mr dmT>Vr g§»¶m ¶m‘wio ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌH$mam§Mr g§»¶m dmTy> bmJbr. H$mhr Aݶ ì¶dgm¶mVrb 춊VrgwÕm N>§X åhUyZ Amnbo {dMma d H$ënZm 춧J{MÌm§VyZ gmXa H$ê$ bmJbo. ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌH$bm H$moU˶mhr H$bm ‘hm{dÚmb¶m‘wio àJV Pmbr Zmhr. AmVmn¶ªVÀ¶m gd©M »¶mVZm‘ ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌH$mam§Zm EH$bì¶mà‘mUo (JwéH$S>o Z {eH$Vm) ñdV…Mm ‘mJ© emoYyZ àñWm{nV ìhmdo bmJbo. EHy$UM XoemÀ¶m VwbZoZo ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌH$mam§Mr à{V^m, {dZmoX~wÕr, H$ënH$Vm dmImUʶmgmaIr Amho. Amåhr 춧J{MÌH$ma Ia§Va Aëng§»¶mH$M 132 H$moQ>tÀ¶m XoemV Oo‘Vo‘ 140 nyU©doi qH$dm ì¶mdgm{¶H$ 춧J{MÌH$ma AmhoV. ‘hmamï´>mV d¡Mm[aH$ ~¡R>H$, g§ñH$ma, dmMZ ~è¶mn¡H$s Agë¶mZo ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌH$mam§Mr g§»¶m Aݶ amÁ¶m§À¶m VwbZoZo WmoS>r OmñV Amho. nU AmOÀ¶m amOH$s¶ H$m¶©H$˶mªÀ¶m X~mdm‘wio d Aݶ ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m Xÿ{fV dmVmdaUm‘wio ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌH$bm bwßVM hmoB©b H$s H$m¶? Aer ^rVr dmQ>Vo. X¡{ZH$m§À¶m dmMH$m§Zm amOH$s¶, VmÁ¶m {df¶mdaMr 춧J{MÌo hdr AgVmV. åhUyZM EImÚm Zo˶mÀ¶m {damoYmVrb/˶mÀ¶m J¡adV©UyH$sMm g‘mMma KoUmar, OZVoÀ¶m ‘ZmVrb {dMma ñnï> ‘m§S>Umar 춧J{MÌo Ooìhm X¡{ZH$mV nmhm¶bm {‘iVmV, Voìhm XXudmMH$ gwImdyZ OmVmV. nydu amOH$s¶, ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌo dV©‘mZnÌm§À¶m n{hë¶m nmZm§da, VrZ H$m°b‘ é§XrV N>mnbr OmV AgV. hiyhiy Vr 춧J{MÌo AmVë¶m nmZm§da Jobr Am{U AmVm Va ‘hmamï´>mVë¶m AmKmS>rÀ¶m, ‘hÎdmÀ¶m X¡{ZH$m§Zr amOH$s¶ 춧J{MÌoM N>mnUo Wm§~dbo Amho. Ia§ Va gwOmU, gw{dÚ amOH$s¶ Zo˶m§Mm amOH$s¶ 춧J{MÌm§Zm {damoY ZgVmo. CbQ> dV©‘mZnÌm§VyZ {‘iUmè¶m øm ’w$H$Q>À¶m à{gÕrMm Vo AmZ§X bwQ>VmV... nU amOH$s¶ Zo˶m§Mo gmo H$moëS> ’$m°bmoAg©, ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 26
H$m¶©H$V} (?) ¶m§Mr Q>moiH$s gd§J à{gÜXrgmR>r X§Jo, XJS>’o$H$, g§nmXH$m§Zm H$mio ’$mgUo Ago CÚmoJ H$ê$ bmJbo. gܶm Va H$moU˶mhr jwëbH$ Jmoï>t‘wio ^mdZm XþImdVmV åhUo! Q>r-eQ>©da Amnë¶m Zo˶m§Mo ’$moQ>mo d KmofUm a§JdyZ {’$aUmao Jëbr ~moimVbo XmXm, ZoVo, {d^mJ à‘wI B˶mXtMr Q>moiH$s... øm§Zm Km~ê$Z Aer àJë^ 춧J{MÌo àH$m{eVM hmoUma ZgVrb Va Vr Jmoï> bmoH$emhrbm ‘maH$ Amho... H$maU Zo‘Ho$nUmZo 춧Jmda ~moQ> R>odV pIëbr CS>dʶmMr O~aXñV VmH$X ’$ŠV 춧J{MÌmVM Amho. ‘amR>rM Zìho Va gd©M ^mfmVrb 춧J{MÌH$mam§Zm Agwa{jV dmQ>ob Aer n[apñWVr gܶm Amnë¶m XoemV Amho. ho ‘r R>mUo ¶oWo Pmboë¶m A.^m. 춧J{MÌH$ma g§‘obZmV R>mgyZ gm§{JVbo hmoVo. Zì¶m {nT>rVrb ‘amR>r
춧J{MÌH$mam§Mr e¡br ñdV§Ì Amho. ˶m§À¶mH$S>o ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘Vm Va AmhoM nU ˶m§À¶m aoImQ>Zmbm V§ÌkmZmMr gmo~Vhr {‘iV Amho. à¶moJerbVmhr dmT>V Amho. ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌH$mam§Zm gm{hp˶H$m§Mm XOm© Úmdm Ago 100 dfmªZ§Vahr H$moUmbm dmQ>V Zmhr. ‘amR>r‘Yë¶m CÎm‘ InmÀ¶m {Xdmir A§H$m§‘ܶo {dZmoXr {deofm§H$mMo ñWmZ ’$ma daMo Amho. ‘mÌ Varhr gm{h˶ g§‘obZmV 춧J{MÌ {df¶mda n[ag§dmX ZgVmV d ˶m§Zm ‘mZhr ZgVmo. ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌH$bobm 1970 Vo 2000 øm H$mimV Iam gwdU©H$mi àmßV Pmbm hmoVm. AmVm N>mnrb {‘{S>¶mV g§Yr Zmhr åhUyZ H$mhr 춧J{MÌH$ma
gmoeb {‘{S>¶mda 춊V hmoVmV. ìhm°Q>g² A°n, ’o$g~wH$, pQ²dQ>aÀ¶m bmoH${à¶Vo‘wio Aer 춧J{MÌo jUmYm©V gd©Xÿa ngaVmV. nU hm hm¡erMm ‘m‘bm AgVmo. ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌH$bm {Q>Hy$Z ahmdr, dmT>mdr, OJ^a ngamdr ¶mgmR>r Iyn à¶ËZ ìhm¶bm hdoV Ago ‘bm dmQ>Vo. øm joÌmVrb gH$mamË‘H$ ~m~tMr g§nyU© ‘m{hVr nmbH$m§ZmM Zgë¶mZo nmbH$ Amnë¶m nmë¶m§Zm hm ‘mJ© gwMdV ZmhrV. ‘mÌ OmJ{VH$ nmVirda 춧J{MÌH$ma ‘mZ d YZ øm XmoÝhr ~m~VrV àJVrnWmda Agbobo AmT>iVmV. Amnë¶mH$S>ohr Vgo KS>mdo.
mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 27
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 1
AmH$medmUrMr bmoH${à¶Vm C‘m Xr{jV
H$m¶©H«$‘à‘wI Apñ‘Vm dm{hZr
do
i gmYmaUnUo Xþnmar 12.30 dmOVmMr. 12.05 dmOVm gwê$ Pmbobm d{ZVm ‘§S>i H$m¶©H«$‘ nmH$H¥$Vr gm§JʶmgmR>r lmo˶m§Zr Ho$bobo ’$moZ KoʶmgmR>r V¶ma hmoVm. AmfmT>r H$m{V©H$s AJXr XmoZ {Xdgm§da hmoVr. ˶m‘wio dmaH$è¶m§À¶m AmdS>rÀ¶m ^mOr ^mH$arÀ¶m Am{U CnmgmÀ¶m nXmWmªÀ¶m nmH$H¥$Vr hm AmOÀ¶m "AÞ ho nyU©~«÷' ¶m gXamÀ¶m "S>m¶b BZ'Mm {df¶ hmoVm. AmH$medmUrÀ¶m g§J«hmV Agbobo EH$mnojm EH$ Aà{V‘ A^§J dmOdVmZm Am{U dmaH$è¶m§À¶m {dÇ>b^³Vr ~Ôb ~mobVmZm OUy ñQw>{S>AmoV n§T>arM AdVaë¶mgmaI§ dmQ>V hmoV§. nmH$H¥$Vr gm§JUmao lmo˶m§Mo ’$moZ EìhmZm gwê$ Pmbo hmoVo. lmoVo ^a^ê$Z dmar~Ôb ~mobV hmoVo Am{U ~amo~arZo EImXr ‘ñV MQ>H$Xma nmH$H¥$Vrhr gm§JV hmoVo. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 28
EH$ ’$moZ naV naV ¶oV hmoVm. Am{U H$Q> hmoV hmoVm. Hw$UrVar ’$moZ bmdʶmgmR>r à¶ËZm§Mr namH$mð>m H$aV hmoV§. H$mhr doimZo ¶m à¶ËZm§Zm ¶e Amb§. bmJbm EH$XmMm ’$moZ. {VH$Sy>Z CËgmhmZo W~W~bobm JmoS> AmdmO Ambm, "C‘mVmB©, ‘r gm¶br WÎmo-JmoS>~mobo Xþ~B©hÿZ ~mobVo¶, ‘r EoH$Vo¶ d{ZVm ‘§S>i'. Xþ~B©Vë¶m aIaImQ>mV Am{U JJZMw§~r B‘maVtÀ¶m MH$MH$mQ>mV ‘m¶m BWë¶m KamV M¸$ n§T>anyaÀ¶m dmarMm ‘mhm¡b {Z‘m©U Pmbm¶! BVH§$ ‘ñV dmQ>b§ Vo EoHy$Z.' AmH$medmUrMo H$m¶©H«$‘ Vr {H$Vr AmdS>rZo EoH$Vo ho gm¶brZo ^a^ê$Z gm§{JVb§. EH$ N>mZer nmH$H¥$Vrhr gm§{JVbr. EH$Xm ‘m¶m ‘mo~mB©bda ’$moZ Ambm. ‘r H$m¶©H«$‘mV gh^mJr ZìhVo. H$m¶©H«$‘ gwê$ hmoVm. ‘Yw{bH$m Xrnmbr ¶m Am‘À¶m {Zdo{XH$m H$m¶©H«$‘ gmXa H$aV hmo˶m. AmOhr "S>m¶b BZ' hmoVm. {df¶ hmoVm - "‘mPr Pmbobr ’${OVr'... ‘r ‘mo~mB©bda Ambobm ’$moZ CMbbm. "‘bm AmOÀ¶m d{ZVm ‘§S>imV gh^mJr ìhm¶M§ Amho, nU ’$moZ bmJV Zmhr¶o.' "~a§ Vwåhr Hw$R>o AgVm?' ‘r {dMmab§. "‘r b§Sy>ZhÿZ ~mobVmo¶', {VH$Sy>Z CÎma Amb§. ‘bm jU^a Iyn AmZ§X Pmbm Am{U AmíM¶©hr dmQ>b§. allindiaradio.gov.in ¶m do~qbH$dê$Z AmH$medmUr gmVm g‘wÐmnma OmVo Amho. AmH$medmUrÀ¶m bmoH${à¶Vobm Zd§ n[a‘mU {‘iV§ Amho. AmH$medmUrMr bmoH${à¶Vm EH$ n[anyU© eãX. ¶mdfu AmH$medmUrbm 92 df} nyU© hmoVrb. ¶m d¶mVhr Vr VéU Amho. CËgmhmZo gigiUmar VerM Amho. {Z…Y‘u, OmVr^oXmÀ¶m në¶mS>, EH$mË‘ ^mdZobm gVV IVnmUr KmbV OJʶmVb§ M¡Vݶ A~m{YV R>odʶmM§ {VM§ ܶo¶hr VgoM Amho. "~hþOZ {hVm¶-~hþOZ gwIm¶' ¶m ~«rXdm³¶mMm Amd amIV ˶mbm AZwgê$Z H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr {Z{‘©Vr H$aʶmMr {eñV Amnë¶m {Z‘m©Ë¶m§‘ܶo ~mUdUmar AmH$medmUr ^maV^a
ngaboë¶m Amnë¶m 420 H|$Ðm§‘ܶo lmo˶m§‘Ybr bmoH${à¶Vm åhUyZM {Q>H$dyZ Amho. {df¶m§M§ àM§S> d¡{dܶ, gJù¶m d¶moJQ>m§Mm {dMma, {dkmZmM§ A{Yð>mZ Am{U gJù¶mbm H$ënH$ gO©ZerbVoMr OmoS> ho AmH$medmUrÀ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘m§M§ d¡{eîQ>ç. "J§‘V O§‘V' ¶m bhmZ ‘wbm§gmR>rÀ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mnmgyZ Vo "A‘¥V H$be' ¶m Á¶oð> ZmJ[aH$m§gmR>rÀ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mn¶ªV Am{U {ó¶m§gmR>rÀ¶m d{ZVm ‘§S>i H$m¶©H«$‘mnmgyZ Vo eoVH$ar ~m§Ydm§gmR>rÀ¶m "‘mPo Amdma ‘mPo {edma'n¶ªV. AZoH${dY H$m¶©H«$‘ lmo˶m§Zm ldUmZ§X XoVmV. Ia§Va ImgJr E’$E‘ dm{hݶm Amë¶m Voìhm AmH$medmUrMr bmoH${à¶Vm H$‘r ¶oB©b H$s H$m¶ Agm YmoH$m {Z‘m©U Pmbm hmoVm. nU ¶m ImgJr dm{hݶm§Zm AmH$medmUrÀ¶m bmoH${à¶Voda AmH«$‘U Zmhr H$aVm Amb§. ¶mM§ H$maU EH$ d[að> A{YH$mar gm§JVmV, "The target audience of the private channels is the customer of this country and the target audience of the Akashwani & Doordarshan is the citizen of this country.'
^maVmVë¶m gd©gm‘mݶ ZmJ[aH$mbm S>moù¶m§g‘moa R>odyZ, VimJmimVë¶m g‘mOmMm {dMma H$ê$Z órgj‘rH$aUmbm àmYmݶ XoD$Z AmH$medmUrMo H$m¶©H«$‘ Ho$bo OmVmV. emór¶, Cnemór¶, gwJ‘ Am{U {MÌnQ> g§JrV hm Va AmH$medmUrMm AmË‘m Amho. AZoH$ {X½JO H$bmH$mam§Mr ÜdZr‘wÐUo, A{^OmV a§J‘§Mr¶ ZmQ>H$m§Mo Z^moZmQ>ç ê$nm§Va AmH$medmUrÀ¶m g§J«hmV AmhoV. Ooìhm Ooìhm AmH$medmUrÀ¶m g§J«hmVë¶m ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mo àgmaU hmoV§ Voìhm Vr Ia§ Va lmo˶m§À¶mgmR>r ‘oOdmZr AgVo. Amnbr H$m‘§ H$aVm H$aVm ao{S>Amo EoH$Vm ¶oVmo ho Va Pmb§M. nU [a‘moQ>Mr JaO Zgbobm Amnë¶m KamVb§ EH$‘od J°PoQ> åhUOo ao{S>Amo. Am{U AmVm Va do~qbH$‘wio OJ^amV AmH$medmUrMo {d{dY M°Zëg EoH$Vm ¶oVmV. AmH$medmUrÀ¶m ~mVå¶m AOyZhr ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 29
~«o[¨H$§J ݶyO Pmboë¶m ZmhrV. ˶m‘wio AmH$medmUrÀ¶m ~mVå¶m§Mm EH$ doJim lmoV¥dJ© AmhoV. n§VàYmZ ‘moXtZr ˶m§À¶m "‘Z H$s ~mV' gm§JʶmgmR>r AmH$medmUr hoM ‘mܶ‘ {ZdS>b§ H$maU ˶m§Zm ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMr VmH$X ‘mhrV Amho. "g˶‘od O¶Vo'gmaIm emo ImgJr dm{hZr~amo~aM AmH$medmUr Am{U XÿaXe©Zdê$Z hr ìhmdm hm Am{‘a ImZMm hÅ>M hmoVm. ... Va Aer hr AmH$medmUr nydu H$m‘Jma g^oMr g§Ho$V YyZ bmJbr H$s emiobm {ZKm¶M§ ho R>abob§ Agm¶M§. Aer AmR>dU AmOhr gm§JVmV. hm {Zìdi Zm°ñQ>°b{O¶m Z ahmVm dV©‘mZmVhr bmoH${à¶Vm {‘idUmar AmH$medmUr, JwUdÎmoÀ¶m ~m~VrV H$Yrhr VS>OmoS> Z H$aUmar AmH$medmUr, ‘yi VÎdm§er àm‘m{UH$ ahmUmar AmH$medmUr, Am{U nwT>À¶m {nT>çm§Mm {dMma AgUma§ AmOÀ¶m H$mimVb§ ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘mMm H$mhr AndmX dJiVm H$Xm{MV EH$‘od ‘mܶ‘ åhUOo AmH$medmUr. ‘mÌ ¶m {R>H$mUr EH$ I§V 춳V H$amdrer dmQ>Vo. AmH$medmUrV ZdrZ ^a˶m ZmhrV. {Z‘m©Ë¶m§Mr AZoH$ nX§ [a³V AmhoV. gܶm H$m¶©aV Agboë¶m {Z‘m©Ë¶m§À¶m nXmoÞVtZm {H$˶oH$ df© AD HDC AgmM XOm© AgVmo. ¶m‘wio AWm©VM EH$m àM§S> ‘moR>çm g‘mOOrdZmM§M ZwH$gmZ hmoUma Amho. H$maU Á¶m nÕVrZo lmo˶m§Mr ‘Z§ KS>dʶmM§ à{ejU AmH$medmUrÀ¶m {Z‘m©Ë¶m§Zm Amho Vo nwT>À¶m [Z‘m©Vm {nT>rn¶ªV {PanUma Zmhr. AmH$medmUrMr bmoH${à¶Vm AmOn¶ªV A~m{YV Amho. ¶mMo XmIbo ‘mÌ nwÝhm nwÝhm {‘iVmV. H$mhr dfmªnydu Amåhr AmH$medmUr ‘w§~B© H|$Ðmdê$Z S>m°. {d. Zm. lrI§S>o ¶m§M§ "Am{U XmoZ hmV' ¶m nwñVH$mM§ A{^dmMZ àgm[aV Ho$b§ hmoV§. AmH$medmUrMo ‘mݶVmàmá ZmQ>çH$bmH$ma CX¶ g~Zrg ¶m§Zr ho A{^dmMZ Ho$b§ hmoV§. ˶mdoiog ¶m nwñVH$mMo àH$meH$ nm°ß¶wba àH$meZ ¶m§À¶mH$S>o nwñVH$mÀ¶m àVtÀ¶m {dMmaUogmR>r ’$moZ Jobo. nm°ß¶wbaÀ¶m Apñ‘Vm ‘mo{hV|Zr Voìhm AmdOy©Z H$idb§ hmoV§... "Am‘À¶m àVr g§në¶m nU lmoVmdmMH$m§Mo ’$moZ Zmhr g§nbo'. ZwH$V§M Amåhr
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 30
"g¶' ¶m Á¶oð> bo{IH$m-{X½X{e©H$m gB© nam§Ono ¶m§À¶m AmË‘H$WZmË‘H$ nwñVH$mM§ ˶m§Zr ñdV…M§ Ho$bob§ A{^dmMZ àgm[aV Ho$b§. àgmaU gwê$ Pmë¶mZ§Va H$mhr {Xdgm§Zr ‘bm E{S>Q>tJgmR>r AmUIr EH$ àV hdr hmoVr "g¶'Mr. åhUyZ ‘r R>mʶmÀ¶m ‘°OopñQ>H$‘ܶo Jobo. nwñVH$mÀ¶m àVr g§në¶m hmo˶m. hrM AmH$medmUrMr bmoH${à¶Vm... mmm
dmMH$m§Mm nÌì¶dhma
dmMH$m§Mm nÌì¶dhma ho gXa X¡{ZHo$, {Z¶VH$m{bHo$ ¶m‘ܶo Amnbo ApñVËd {Q>H$dyZ Amho. d¥ËVnÌg¥îQ>rÀ¶m àma§^mnmgyZM nÌì¶dhmamMo gm‘m{OH$ X¥îQ>rZo AgUmao ‘hËËd AmoiIyZ g§nmXH$m§Zr nÌì¶dhmamg Img OmJm {Xbr. bmoH${hVdmXr Jmonmi har Xoe‘wI d¥ËVnÌm§Zm ~¥hËVa{Oìhm åhUm¶Mo. na§Vw à˶jmV ¶mMo ñdê$n nÌì¶dhmamMo hmoVo. dmMH$m§Zm Amnbr ‘Vo, {dMma, Anojm, VH«$mar, {H«$¶m - à{V{H«$¶m 춊V H$aʶmMr OUy hŠH$mMr OmJmM EH$m ì¶mgnrR>mà‘mUo nÌì¶dhmamÀ¶m gXamV CnbãY hmoVo. dmMH$m§À¶m nÌm§§VyZ g‘mO‘mZmMr ñn§XZo, g‘mOmÀ¶m Om{UdmM 춊V hmoVmV. ZdeŠVrMo lrH$m§V dmioH$a d à^mH$a nmܶo h²¶m XomZ nÌH$mam§À¶m nwT>mH$mamZo "OZ‘mZgmMm H$mZmogm' ho gXa 1949 nmgyZ gwê$ H$aʶmV Ambo. Xn©UH$ma ~miemór Om§^oH$a ¶m§Zr dmMH$m§À¶m à{V{H«$¶m ‘mJ{dë¶m hmo˶m. dmMH$m§À¶m ‘ZmV H$m¶ Amho? ˶m§À¶m AS>MUr, VH«$mar, ‘mJʶm H$m¶ AmhoV ¶mgmR>r ~mimgmho~ R>mH$ao dmMH$m§Mr nÌo XaamoO gH$mir dmMyZ ˶mZwgma Amnë¶m ZJagodH$m§Zm Ëd[aV gmoS>{dʶmMo AmXoe XoV. ho ¶m gXamMo ‘mobmMoM ¶e åhUmdo bmJob. nÌì¶dhma gXamgmR>r {b{hboë¶m boIH$m§Mo g§‘obZ à{Vdfu ^aVo. 700 hÿZ A{YH$ d¥ËVnÌ boIH$ g§KmMo g^mgX AmhoV. ¶mVyZM AZoH$ boIH$ CX¶mg Ambo AmhoV. ^mbM§Ð Ho$ed JÝÐo, R>mUo.
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 1
춧J{MÌ gmám{hH$mMm n{hbm ‘mZ-qhXþn§M lr. dm. Zob}H$a (Á¶oð> nÌH$ma)
‘
amR>rVë¶m n{hë¶m 춧J{MÌ gmßVm{hH$mMo Zmd Amho qhXÿn§M. ˶mMm n{hbm A§H$ 21 ‘mM©1872 amoOr à{gÕ Pmbm. R>mUo ehamVyZ EH$ AmJù¶m doJù¶m àH$maMo d¥ËËmnÌ H$mT>ʶmMm à¶ËZ Vã~b 14 dfmªnydu Pmbm. ˶mbm {Z{üVnUo Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘hÎd Amho. Jmonmi JmoqdX Xm~H$ ho ˶mMo ‘mbH$ MmbH$ g§nmXH$ hmoVo. nwT>o ˶m§Mr O~m~Xmar H¥$îUmOr H$m{eZmW D$’©$ Vm˶m ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§À¶mda Amë¶mda ˶m§Zr ˶m nÌmMm à^md Mm§JbmM dmT>dbm. ˶m H$mimV n§M ¶m ZmdmMo B§J«Or ^mfoVrb 춧J{MÌ gmßVm{hH$ hmoVo. ˶mMo CXmhaU Šd{MVM qhXþn§M H$mT>Vm§Zm Xm~H$ ¶m§À¶mg‘moa Agmdo. 14 dfm©hÿZ A{YH$ dfmªnydu R>mʶmVë¶m EImÚm 춺$sbm, {dZmoXmbm àmYmݶ Agbobo gmßVm{hH$ AmnU H$mT>mdo Ago dmQ>mdo$ hr {deof ~m~ åhUmdr bmJob. ˶m H$miÀ¶m {d{dYkmZ{dñVmaÀ¶m EH$m A§H$mV gmßVm{hH$m~Ôb à{gÕ Pmbobr Om{hamV IynM ~mobH$s hmoVr. EImÚm {df¶mMr g§nH©$Ûmao WÅ>m H$ê$Z {VMo hþ~ohÿ~ ñdê$n dmMH$mÀ¶m ‘Zmda q~~dUo hm ‘w»¶ CÔoe Agë¶mMm ‘OHy$a ˶m Om{hamVrV hmoVm. "qhXþn§M' ho ˶mÀ¶m d¡{eï²>¶m‘wio Iyn JmObo. Cnhmg, CnamoY, H$méʶ, {dg§JVr, ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 31
{’$aŠ¶m, A{Ve¶moº$s hr ˶mMr à‘wI eóo hmoVr. 춧Jmda ~moQ>o R>odyZ ‘‘©^oX H$aʶmMm ˶mMm ~mUm Ago. naXoer amOH$maUmdahr 춧J{MÌo à{gÕ hmoV AgV. gw{e{jVmg qhXþn§M dmMmdmgm dmQ>o. ˶mVrb hmñ¶{MÌo nmhÿZ ˶m§Mr H$ir Iwbo. {dZmoX ‘m{‘©H$ Ago, Va {bImU {VIQ> Ago. ˶mH$mir qhXþn§M ¶mMo Zmd gd©Vmo‘wIr Pmbo. R>mʶmÀ¶m ¶m d¥ÎmnÌmZo ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m joÌmV hmñ¶{dZmoXmV Am{U g{MÌ ‘OHw$amMo EH$ Zdo XmbZ CKS>bo Ago åhUmdo$ bmJob. n ’$S>Ho$ Zìho "n§MAmOmo~m' ‘amR>rVrb à{gÕ boIH$ {d. X. KmQ>o ¶m§Zr "{Xdg Ago hmoVo' ¶m Amnë¶m nwñVH$mV, VgoM g§XoeH$ma AÀ¶wV ~id§V H$moëhQ>H$a ¶m§Zr Amnë¶m g§nmXH$s¶m‘ܶo qhXÿn§MMo JwUJmZ Ho$ë¶mMo AmT>iyZ ¶oVo. à{gÕ bopIH$m gamo{OZr d¡Ú ¶m§Zr qhXÿn§MMo H$mhr A§H$ dmMë¶mZ§Va 춺$ Ho$bobr à{V{H«$¶m A{YH$ ~mobH$s hmoVr. "AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV ‘amR>r {dZmoXmMm àma§^ lrnmX H¥$îU H$moëhQ>H$am§À¶m gwXmå¶mÀ¶m nmoøm§nmgyZ Pmbm ho gm§JVmZm n§M AmOmo~m§Zr CJmabobm gmoQ>m ‘bm {Xgy bmJbm!' Ago ˶m§Zr 1978 À¶m b{bVÀ¶m {Xdmir A§H$mV {b{hVmZm åhQ>bo Amho. H¥$îUmOr H$m{eZmW C’©$ Vm˶m ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§Zr J§^ra {df¶mda {b{hʶmMm emoYbobm hm doJim ‘mJ© ˶m H$mimV Va ’$maM ZdrZ hmoVm Ago ˶m§Zr ñnï>nUo Z‘yX Ho$bo Amho. "ñdV… da ˶m§Zr VéUnUrM AmOmo~m§Mm ‘wIdQ>m MT>dyZ KoVbm Am{U Amnë¶m Iè¶m Zmdmnojm "n§MAmOmo~m' ¶m Q>monU ZmdmZo bmb nJS>r, OarH$mR>r CnaUo, {ndiga YmoVa, ^aKmog {‘em Am{U nwUoar OmoS>m Aem VËH$mbrZ àm{V{Z{YH$ nmoemImZo Amnë¶m XoemVrb Jc²br~moimnmgyZ AZoH$ Xoem§À¶m amOYmݶmn¶ªV gd©Ì dmdaUo ñdrH$mabo' Ago ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§À¶m~ÔbMo {ZarjU ˶m§Zr Zm|X{dbo Amho. n hgy ’w$Q>Umao {bImU ¶m Q>monUZmdr n§M AmOmo~m§Zr "qhXþn§M'À¶m A§H$mVyZ {dZmoXr {bImU H$ê$Z VËH$mbrZ J§^ra ‘amR>r ‘mUgmbm hgm¶bm {eH${dbo. ˶m§À¶m ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 32
{ZdS>H$ {bImUmMr H$mhrer PbH$ Imbr {Xbr Amho. Vr dmMyZ AmOhr hgy Amë¶m{edm¶ amhUma Zmhr. boH$sgwZm§Zr d IQ>çmi nmoatZr KoVbobo CImUo dmMm åhUOo H$iob. ˶mVbr J§‘V åhUOo O‘mS>r O§‘V. 1. dmQ>ë¶m S>mirM§ Ho$b§ {nR>b§& ˶mV Imo~a§ KmVb§ {H$gyZ, {Ì{dH«$‘emór Jobo égyZ Voìhm amYoZ§ Imc²b§ MmQy>Z nwgyZ && 2. ‘I‘br JmXr {VWo {H$ZImnmMr D$er, amYm Jobr nb§Jm nmer Va AZ§V ^Q> åhUVmV AmO EH$mXer. 3. J§JoMr dmiy MmiUrZo Mmiy Kar Joë¶mH$a lrYaamd åhUVrb gmarnmQ> Ioiy. 4. MmbU§ H$g§ MQ>H$Xma ~mobU§ H$g§ H$Q>H$Xma nmJmoQ>çmMr AŠH$S> {Z JUnVamd ’$ŠH$S> qhXÿn§MÀ¶m A§H$mV AmOmo~m§Zr Ho$boë¶m A{YH$mè¶m§À¶m ~Xë¶m d Zo‘UwH$m H$em J‘Vrera Amho Vo nhm. Vm VbIr. ‘mho CÝhmim. gZ hþe hþe. ‘ogg© A§{Oao d Ðmjo Amnë¶m H$m‘mda ‘§S>B© Am°{’$gmV éOy Pmbr hmoVr. na§Vw ‘ܶ§Var am. ~. nmdgmon§V C’©$ nO©Ý¶ amd$ ¶m§Mr Jmam§gh A{Ve¶ d¥ï>r Pmë¶m‘wio hXþ© Am°{’$g gam§À¶m àH¥$Vrg Oam ‘m§Ú Amë¶mdê$Z ‘§S>B© Am°{’$gMo OwO~r H$m‘ gm§^miyZ ˶mg aOm {Xbr Amho. AO‘ ‘mVrMo KS>o d H$‚mo ¶m§Mr CÝhmù¶mH$[aVm gd© bmoH$m§g Jma Jma nmUr nwa{dʶmH$S>o ñnoeb Zo‘UyH$ Ho$br Amho. ‘ogg© Ia~yOo, Q>a~yOo C’©$ H$qbJS> Am{U gm¡. H$mH$S>çm ¶m§g Amnë¶m F$VyMo H$m‘ gm§^miyZ M¡Ì ‘mgmÀ¶m hiXrHw§$H$dmMo A°{S>eZb H$m‘ {Xbobo Amho. CÝhmir N>Ͷm ¶m§OH$Sy>Z ¶§XmMm CÝhmim ’$ma OmUdVmo Agm VH«$mar AO© Amë¶mdê$Z {H$˶oH$m§g AÀN>mXZmW© ñdÀN> H$nS>çmMo A^«o H$aʶmÀ¶m g±ŠeZMr ‘§Owar XoʶmV Ambr.
am. am. {hado Am§~o C’©$ H¡$è¶m ¶m§Mr JmoS> nÝho d ’$moS>UrMo bmoUMo ¶m H$m‘mda gmbm~mXà‘mUo na§Vw ’$maM OwO~r Zo‘UyH$ H$aʶmV Ambr Amho. ‘m{gH$m§Mr dJ©Ur AmO Oer Vw§~Vo Ver ˶m H$mirhr Vw§~V hmoVr. Vw§~bobr dJ©Ur ‘mJʶmMr qhXþn§M AmOmo~m§Mr nÕV Aer Amho. "nmR>dm ‘mhoadm{eUrbm gmgar nmR>dm. dJ©Ur Z XoUmam H¥$îUmdbrV (ãb°H$ {bñQ>) XmIb hmoB©b Ago åhUVmo. nU H$aVmo Hw$R>o? dJ©Ur nmRdm. {nV¥nj Ambm Amho åhUyZ. nmR>dm Am‘§ÌUo Vamg Am{U ‘mam jramoXH$mH$a hmV! nU åhmVmè¶mMr AmR>dU {dgê$ ZH$m.' AmOn¶ªV EH$m hmVmV n§Im Am{U Xþgè¶m hmVmV n§Mn{ÌH$m Aem WmQ>mZo hþ¥e hþ¥e H$arV bmoH$ nhþS>bo hmoVo. nU AmVm Vmo H$mi ~Xbbm. {OH$S>o {VH$S>o JmarJma hmoʶmMr g§Yr Ambr. Va ‘J Cera H$m? AmVm n§MmMo Xm‘ Vm~S>Vmo~ nmR>dyZ CVamB© ìhm. H$go! Amnë¶m H$mnʶmMm hþS>m© ImV n§MmMo Xm‘ nmR>{dʶmg
MwH$mb Va Vw‘À¶m ZmdmMm hþS>m© hmoB©b ho bjmV ~miJm. n "Am§Va^maVr' H$ënZoMm OZH$ Ohmb amOH$maUmMm nwañH$ma ¶m nÌmVyZ hmoV Ago. Ohmb - ‘dmidmX, Xmê$~§Xr ~{hîH$ma, ñdXoer AmXr AZoH$ {df¶m§da 춧J{MÌo à{gÕ hmoV AgV. {deof åhUOo qhXþn§MMr qhXr Amd¥Îmr CÎma àXoemVrb H$merhÿZ {ZKV hmoVr. bú‘U Zmam¶U JX} ho qhXr Amd¥ÎmrMo g§nmXH$ hmoVo. n§{S>V JmoqdXemór XþJdoH$a ¶m§Zr ˶mgmR>r nwT>mH$ma KoVbm hmoVm. ‘amR>r 춧J{MÌ gmßVm{hH$mMr qhXr Amd¥Îmr ˶mH$mir H$merhÿZ {ZKUo hm ‘amR>r nÌH$m[aVoMm B{VhmgmVrb EH$ {dH«$‘M åhUm¶bm hdm. Ho$di R>mUo {OëømVM Zìho Va ‘amR>r nÌH$m[aVoÀ¶m B{VhmgmV qhXþn§MÀ¶m H$m‘{Jar d H$V©~Jmarbm {Z{üVnUo AgmYmaU ‘hËd Amho. ˶m H$mir Vm˶mgmho~ Ho$iH$a ¶m§Zr bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$m§Mo M[aÌ {b{hbo. Vo ‘amR>rV hmoVo. ‘hmamîQ´>m~mhoarb ^maVr¶m§Zm Vo dmMmd¶mg {‘imbo Va ˶m§Zm ˶mnmgyZ
RASHMI JOSHI ASHOK JOSHI Mob. : 98200 04540
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‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 33
ñ’y$Vu {‘iob. åhUyZ ˶mMo qhXr ^mfm§Va H$am¶bm hdo Ago ˶m§À¶m ‘ZmZo KoVbo. Am§Va^maVrMr H$ënZm Á¶mdoir H$moUmÀ¶m ‘Zmbm MmQy>Z Jobr ZìhVr. ˶mdoir Ym|S>mon§V ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§Zm hr H$ënZm gwMbr. ˶m§Zr Vm˶mgmho~ Ho$iH$am§H$S>o EH$ hOma én¶o nmR>dyZ ^mfm§VamMo hŠH$ KoVbo. ^mfm§VamgmR>r H$merhÿZ XmoZ n§{S>V ~mobm{dbo. ˶m§À¶m amhʶm OodUmMr gmo¶ Amnë¶m Kar H$ê$Z ˶m§Zm XmoZeo én¶o ‘mZYZ {Xbo. nwñVH$ N>mnb§ Am{U à{gÕrgmR>r ZmJnya ¶oWo ^aboë¶m H$m±J«og A{YdoeZmV amOmam‘ gImam‘ ^mJdV ¶m§À¶m~amo~a nmR>dyZ {Xb§. ¶m CÚmoJmV ˶m§Mo Ajae… hOmamo én¶o Jobo. àmßVr H$mS>rMr Zmhr CbQ> gmam VmoQ>mM. nU Oo Ho$bo hmoVo Vo Xoe{hVmÀ¶m Vi‘irZo. Ho$dT>m hmoVm hm ˶mJ! ‘dmi n§WmMo Jmonmi H¥$îU JmoIbo ¶m§À¶mda qhXÿn§M‘‘ܶo Q>rHo$Mr PmoS> CR>dbr OmV Ago. bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$m§À¶m IQ>ë¶mV JmoIbo H$maUr^yV AmhoV Ago g‘OyZ ˶m§À¶mda 춧J{MÌm§À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ Q>rH$m H$aʶmV Ambr Voìhm Amnë¶m {‘Ìm§À¶m ghmæ¶mZo qhXÿn§Mmda IQ>bm XmIb Pmbm. gXa àH$aUmV hm¶H$moQ>m©Zo N>mnImZm OßV Ho$bm Am{U ˶mV qhXÿn§M ~§X nS>bo. d¥ÎmnÌ ~§X nS>ë¶mMo H$ië¶m‘wio Vm˶m ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§Mr AdñWm H$R>rU Pmbr nU hr Jmoï> JmoIbo ¶m§Zm g‘OVmM ˶m§Zr Vm˶m ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§Zm ~hþ‘mob ‘XV Ho$br. VËdmgmR>r bT>VmZmhr {Z¶V d XmZV H$er Agmdr ¶mMr à{MVr XoUmao ho Xþ{‘©i CXmhaU Amho.
AmO H$mbÀ¶m gd© nÌH$mam§Zm ˶mnmgyZ Iyn H$mhr {eH$ʶmgmaIo Amho. Vã~b 38 df} ¶m d¥ÎmnÌmZo Amnbm X~X~m bmoH$‘mZgmda H$m¶‘ R>odbm. qhXÿn§MmMm àgma, Xamam d dmMH$ dJmª‘Yrb ˶mMo ào‘ ho gd© H$mhr R>mUoH$am§Zm A{^‘mZ dmQ>mdo Ago Amho. "AéUmoX¶' ho R>mUo {OëømMo n{hbo d¥ÎmnÌ. ˶m§Mo g§nmXH$ Ym|S>mo H$m{eZmW ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§Zm amOÐmohmÀ¶m AmamonmImbr {ejm Pmbr. ˶mdoir hr {ejm Vm˶m ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§Zm gwÕm ìhmd¶mg hds hmoVr. H$maU Vo ˶m§À¶m ~§Yy§nojm A{YH$ ~X‘me AmhoV Aem à{V{H«$¶oMr Zm|X VËH$mbrZ nmobrg A°~ñQ´>°ŠQ>‘ܶo Z‘yX Amho. 1909 gmbr qhXþn§M gmßVm{hH$ ~§X nS>bo, Var nU AmOmo~m§Mr boIZmMr hm¡g H$mhr Wm§~br Zmhr. "{d{jßV', "{dZmoX' B. d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ Vo boIZ H$arVM am{hbo. EdT>oM Zmhr Va ˶m§Zr ñdV…Mo "{dXÿfH$' ho Zdo gmßVm{hH$hr H$mT>bo. ˶mMo Voam A§H$ {ZKmbo. Mm¡Xmì¶m A§H$mMr OwidmOwid gwê$ AgVmZmM Vm˶m ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§Mo AMmZH$ {ZYZ hmoD$Z "{dXþfH$' ~§X nS>bo. 1920 gmbÀ¶m ‘ܶmg ˶m§Mm ‘¥Ë¶y Pmbm. 147 dfm©nyds© R>mʶmVyZ n{hbo 춧J{MÌ gmßVm{hH$ {ZKmbo. ’$S>Ho$ ~§Y§yMo ˶m‘Yrb ¶moJXmZ ‘moR>o Amho. R>mUo {OëømÀ¶m nÌH$m[aVoMm B{Vhmg Ooìhm {b{hbm OmB©b ˶mdoir R>mUo ehamÀ¶m ¶m ‘mZmMr XIb ¿¶mdrM bmJob.
mmm
‘Z…nyd©H$
‘mܶ‘m§À¶m {d{dY n¡by§da gmYH$ ~mYH$ MMm© KS>mdr ¶mgmR>r àñVwV ‘mܶ‘ A§H$mgmR>r ‘mݶda nÌH$ma, ‘mܶ‘ Aä¶mgH$, ‘mܶ‘H$‘u ¶m§Zm boIZ ghH$m¶m©gmR>r Am‘§{ÌV Ho$bo hmoVo. Am‘À¶m {dZ§Vrbm gmWhr {‘imbr. ¶m A§H$mVyZ gd©M {df¶ hmVmibo Jobo AmhoV Agm Am‘Mm Xmdm Zmhr. C{Udm ZŠH$sM AmhoV. àH$m{eV {df¶m§IoarO Aݶ H$mhr {df¶m§gmR>r ‘mݶda Aä¶mgH$m§er g§nH©$ gmYbm hmoVm, nU ˶m§À¶m H$m¶©ì¶ñVVo‘wio ˶m§Mo boI àmßV hmoD$ eH$bo ZmhrV. ¶m boIm§Mm g‘mdoe Pmbm AgVm Va ¶m{df¶mbm A{YH$ ì¶mnH$Vm Ambr AgVr. gd© boIH$m§Mo ‘Z…nyd©H$ Am^ma! - g‘Ýd¶H$
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 34
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 2 ‘mܶ‘m§Mo g‘mOOrdZ g‘mO‘ZmMr ‘emJV H$ê$Z ˶mbm Bï> diU bmdUmar ‘mܶ‘o hr EH$ ‘moR>r e³Vr Amho. ‘moR>r D$Om© Amho. {dMma àjonUmMo EH$ ‘hÎdmMo gmYZ åhUyZ ‘mܶ‘mMo loð>Ëd ZmH$maVm ¶oV Zmhr. g‘mO‘Z ‘mܶ‘mVyZ à{Vq~{~V hmoV AgVo. gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, e¡j{UH$ pñW˶§Vao KS>V Jobr ¶mMr ¶mo½¶ XIb ‘mܶ‘m§Zr KoVbr. AmOhr KoV AmhoV. AmO 21 ì¶m eVH$mVhr AZoH$ g‘ñ¶m§Zm gm‘moao Omdo bmJV Amho. ‘mܶ‘o ho eó Amho. XþYmar Vbdma Amho. ˶mMm dmna H$gm H$aVm ¶mda g‘mOmMr gmYH$ ~mYH$ KS>U ~ZV OmVo. g‘mOmVrb {d{dY KQ>H$m§da ‘mܶ‘m§Mm hmoUmam n[aUm‘ ¶mMr ¶m XmbZmV MMm© Ho$br Amho. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 35
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 2
‘hmamï´>mVrb J«m‘rU OZOrdZ Am{U àgma ‘mܶ‘o qMVm‘U nmQ>rb
boIH$ Am{U Aä¶mgH$
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dmù¶mV XmUo {Q>nm¶bm {ZKmbobr, Vmam§da ~gbobr njm§Mr am§J AmVm {XgV Zmhr H$maU, {nH$m§da Ohmb H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mm ‘mam H$ê$Z ˶m§Zm Amåhr H$YrM ‘mê$Z Q>mH$bo Amho. ^ë¶m nhmQ>o AmoT>çmV Sw§>~m¶bm {ZKmboë¶m Jm¶r-åhet AmVm {XgV ZmhrV H$maU, ‘moQ>man§n R>oD$Z Amåhr AmoT>m H$YrMm H$moaS>m H$ê$Z Q>mH$bm Amho. nU AOyZhr doi Jobobr Zmhr, AOyZhr ‘oao añHo$ H$‘b...À¶m ImbmoImb; Xodm{M¶o Ûmar C^m jU^ar.. hm h[anmR> AmOhr JmdmoJmdr Jm¶bm OmVmo¶. gmYZm§Mr aobMob Jmdm§n¶ªV nmohmoMë¶mZo Jmdo {dH${gV Pmë¶mMm Am^mg hmoVmo¶. nU à˶j {MÌ H$mhrgo doJio Amho. Omo ‘oao Jm§d Ho$ IoVm| ‘o ^yI CJZo bJr ‘oao {H$gmZmo Zo eha ‘o Zm¡H$ar H$a br! (Am[a’$ eoI) ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 37
darb H$m{dVoÀ¶m AmoirVrb g˶Vm ‘hmamï´>mVë¶m H$moU˶mhr JmdmV nmdbmoJ{ZH$ nQ>Vo. eoVr hmM J«m‘rU OrdZmMm AmË‘m AgyZ hV~b Pmbobm eoVH$ar nmhVm AmË‘m hadbobr JmdoM VodT>r Cabr AmhoV. J«m‘rU ^mJmVrb ho {MÌ ¶oWo ‘m§S>Vm§Zm ^y{‘H$m ZH$mamË‘H$ dmQ>V Agbr Var VoM g˶ Amho. Jmdo Aer hVme H$m {XgV AmhoV? Jmdo ^H$mg H$m {XgV AmhoV? nmUrQ>§MmB©, JwUdÎmmnyU© {ejUmMm A^md Am{U emgZmda Adb§~yZ amhʶmMr ~imdbobr d¥Îmr. hr AmhoV J«m‘rU OrdZmVrb Z¡amí¶mMr H$maUo. S>moŠ¶mda h§S>o KoD$Z nmʶmgmR>r {edmamV {ZKmboë¶m ‘m¶ ‘mD$ë¶m åhUOo Vrd« nmUr Q>§MmB©Mo {ZXe©H$ ‘mZbo OmV Agbo Var dmñV{dH$ ho Ñí¶ Ë¶m {edmamV ObgmR>m Agë¶mMo Xe©{dVo. AmVm S>moB©daÀ¶m h§S>çm§Mr OmJm tankar Zo KoVbr Amho. H$maU AbrH$S>o h§S>m^a nmUr XoIrb {edmamV Cabo Zmhr d Jmdmbm AmVm Xÿa H$moRy>Z Var tankarZo nmUr AmUyZ nwadmdo bmJV Amho. {nʶmÀ¶m nmʶmMrM àM§S> dmZdm AgVmZm eoVr qgMZmbm nmUr {‘iUma H$moRy>Z? nmUrQ>§MmB© nmgyZ H$m¶‘Mr ‘wº$Vm ¶mdaM AmVm JmdmMo ApñVËd Adb§~yZ Amho. n JmdmVyZ nmUr d VéUmB© hÔnma Jmd amoOJma nwady eH$V Zmhr åhUyZ VéUm§Zr ehamMm añVm Yabm H$m? Va ~è¶mM A§er Vo Iao Amho. nmdgmÀ¶m nmʶmda Adb§~yZ AgUmar eoVr Hw$Qw>§~mMm CXa{Zdm©h ^mJdy eH$V Zmhr åhQ>ë¶mda amoOJmamgmR>r eha JmR>Uo ^mJ hmoV§. Hw$Qw>§~o {d^º$ hmoV Joë¶mZo eoVr VwH$S>çm VwH$S>çmV {d^mJbr Jobr eoVrÀ¶m N>moQ>çm VwH$S>çmda JwOamU H$aUo AdKS> hmoD$Z ~gbo. OJ^amV Hw$R>ohr Om ‘mZdr dñVr nmʶmÀ¶m òmoVm^modVr dmT>br. AmO hoM òmoV åhUOoM ZXrZmbo H$moaS>o nSy> bmJbo AmhoV. nydu XþîH$miàdU åhUyZ JUboë¶m Jmdm§n¶ªV nmʶmMr H$‘VaVm gr{‘V hmoVr. AmVm {V amÁ¶^a {dñVmaV Mmbbr AgwZ Jmdo ~H$mb hmoʶmV ˶mMo énm§Va hmoV Amho. eoVrbm nmUr, nmʶm‘wio {nH$, {nH$mVyZ amoOJma ho MH«$ AmVm I§S>rV Pmbo ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 38
Amho. ^y‘r ’$º$ AÝÝYmÝݶ, ’$io, ^mÁ¶m OÝ‘mbm KmbrV Zmhr Va Vr amoOJma nwa{dVo. JmdmVyZ AmYr nmUr AmQy> bmJbo Am{U nmhVm nmhVm amoOJmahr. åhUyZM AmVm JmdmVë¶m VéUmZo amoOJmamgmR>r ehamMr dmQ> Yabr Amho. Jm§d‘o KwgH$a Vw‘ Vmo g~ hr bwQ> J¶o IoVr bwQ>r, ZXr¶m§ bwQ>r, O§Jb bwQ>o Am¡a IS>o hmo J¶o ‘hb IoV ‘o, ‘w§hHo$ N>rZo H$m¡a! n YaUmÀ¶m nmʶmda eham§Mm A{YH$ma dmT>bm
YaUo 100 Q>¸o$ ^abr Var ˶mVbo 50 Q>¸²$¶mnojm OmñV nmUr AmVm ehao Am{U Jmdm§Zm {nʶmgmR>r amIyZ R>odbo OmVo. AbrH$S>rb 5 dfm©V YaUo nyU© ^abrM Zmhr. ˶m‘wio Amho Vo nmUr {nʶm H$arVm amIyZ R>odbo Joë¶mZo eoVrbm qgMZmgmR>r {‘iUo ~§X Pmbo. CXmhaU {JaUm YaUmMoM KoVm ¶oB©b. ho YaU {H$Vrhr ^abo Var YaU j‘VoÀ¶m 54% nmUr {nʶmgmR>r amIyZ R>odUo ~§YZH$maH$ Amho. 2018 À¶m nmdgmù¶mV ho YaU 48% ^aë¶mZo gJioM nmUr ZXr H$mR>mdarb ‘moR>r ehao d Jmdm§gmR>r {nʶmgmR>r gmoS>ʶmV Ambo. H$mR>mdarb ‘wR>^a Jmdm§À¶m {nʶmÀ¶m nmʶmgmR>r eoH$S>mo Jmdo AmO nmʶmdmMyZ Vi‘iV AmhoV. EHy$U H$m¶ Va ‘moR>çm eham§Mr VhmZ ^mJ{dʶmgmR>r bhmZ‘moR>r Jmdo nmʶmgmR>r d§{MV amhmV AmhoV. ‘w§~B©, R>mUo, H$ë¶mU øm ‘hmH$m¶ eham§Zm bmJUmao nmUr eoOmaÀ¶m Zm{eH$, ZJa d nwUo {OëømVrb YaUmVyZ nwa{dbo OmVo. Vr JaO {H$Vr àM§S> Amho ¶mMo EH$ ~mobHo$ CXmhaU åhUOo, BJVnwar VmbwŠ¶mVrb 70% joÌ ho YaUjoÌmV Jobo Amho. ho gJio nmUr R>mUo, ‘w§~B© ‘hmZJamgmR>r nwa{dbo OmVo. H¥$fr¶mo½¶ O‘rZ Va nmʶmAmImbr JobrM nU Á¶m nmʶmVyZ ˶m ^mJmVrb eoVr ~mJm¶Vr Pmbo AgVr Vo ‘hmZJam§Mr VhmZ ^mJ{dV Amho. ¶mMm AW© eham§Zm nmUr XoD$ Z¶o Agm ZgyZ. Amnbr ì¶dñWm Aer Amho H$s Vr eham§Mr KoVo nU J«m‘rU ^mJmVhr nmʶmMr VodT>rM JaO AgVo ho {dgabo OmVo. eham§Mr gw{dYm ~KVmZm
J«m‘rU ^mJmVrb OZVogmR>r gmdÌnUmMr dmJUyH$ {Xbr OmVo. n bmImo H$moQ>rÀ¶m nmUr ¶moOZm, nU nmUr Zmhr nmʶm~m~V ehamda ‘ohoa~mZr Am{U JmdmH$S>o Xþb©j Ago Pmbo¶ H$m? Va Vgohr Zmhr. hOma-n§Yameo dñVrÀ¶mhr JmdmgmR>r 50 bmImnmgyZ Vo EH$-XrS> H$moQ>r én¶m§n¶ªV {nʶmMr nmUr ¶moOZm emgZmZo nyU© Ho$br Amho. ¶moOZm Îma Pmë¶m nU nmʶmMo {Od§V òmoV Va nm{hOoV Zm? AmhoV ’$º$ H$moaS>çmR>mH$ {d{har Am{U {ZîH$miOrnUo Ho$bobr VwQ>H$s ’w$Q>H$s nmB©nbmB©Z. n[aUm‘r AmOhr nmʶmdmMyZ Jmdo VhmZbobrM. MwH$bo Hw$R>o Va JmdmoJmdÀ¶m nmUr ¶moOZm åhUOo ^«ï>mMmamMo Hw$aU. ¶mbm àemgH$s¶ ¶§ÌUm Oer O~m~Xma Amho Vgo JmdnmVirdaMo ZoV¥Ëd XoIrb O~m~Xma Amho. amÁ¶mVrb 90% JmdmV AmOhr JmdH$ar JmdmVrb {dH$mg H$m‘mÀ¶m {Z¶moOZmV gh^mJr hmoV ZmhrV. J«m‘ n§Mm¶VrMo gan§M Am{U gXñ¶ Oo H$aVrb ˶mbm ‘wH$mQ>çmZo hmoH$ma XoʶmV JmdH$ar YݶVm ‘mZVmV. n[aUm‘r emgH$s¶ ¶moOZm nmohmoMyZhr JmdmV Am¡Xm{gݶ OmUdVo. nmQ>moXm,~marnmS>m, {hdao~mOma Aem ñdmdb§~r Jmdm§Mr CXmhaUo AmhoV nU Vr g§»¶m ’$maM Aën Amho. n JwUdÎmmnyU© {ejUmMm A^md JmdmVbm à˶oH$ ‘mUyg AmO {e{jV Amho. A§JUdmS>rnmgyZ Vo ‘mܶ{‘H$ {dÚmb¶mn¶ªVMr gmo¶ JmdmV AmO Amho. na§Vw VoWo {‘iVo Vo {ejU JwUdÎmmnyU© Zmhr. ¶oWyZ {eH$bobm VéU ehamV OmD$Z H$maImݶmV MVwW© loUr ‘Oya ~ZVmV. ‘w~B©-nwʶmV OmdyZ [ajm Mmb{dVmo qH$dm Vi‘Oë¶mdaMo AmoPo daÀ¶m ‘Oë¶mda nmohmoMdVmo. Am¶Q>rAm¶,B§{O{Z¶[a¨J,g§JZH$s¶ AmXr H$m¡eë¶ {ejUmV Vo àJVr H$ê$ eH$V ZmhrV {VWo Cƒ{ejUmMr pñWVr Va ’$maM dmB©Q>. J«m‘rU ^mJmVyZ B§{O{Z¶a Pmbobo VéU AmOhr ehamV nmM-Xhm hOmamda ZmoH$ar H$aVm§Zm {XgVmV. {eHy$Z eoVr H$am¶bm Wm§~Umao ZJʶM. H$maU eoVr åhUOo "Z nadS>Umam ì¶dgm¶' ømda {e¸$m‘moV©~
Pmë¶mZo AmdS> Am{U j‘Vm AgyZhr eoVrV Wm§~ʶmMo YmS>g AmOMm VéU H$aVmZm {XgV Zmhr. H$maU ’$m¶ÚmMr eoVr H$ê$Zhr eoVH$ar VéUm§Mo {ddmh hmoV ZmhrV hr Zdr g‘ñ¶m {Z‘m©U Pmbr Amho. n Jmdmda amOH$maUmMm nJS>m AmO JmdmMr nhmQ> nydugmaIr eoVmda hmoV Zmhr. JmdmVrb Mm¡H$mV AJa Jmdm~mhoaÀ¶m Q>nar^modVr KmoiŠ¶mZo O‘yZ bmoH$ Vmg§Vmg Jßnm ‘maVmV. øm Jßnm Zm eoVrdaÀ¶m AgVmV Zm J«m‘{dH$mgmÀ¶m. amOH$maU hmM ˶mVbm H|$Ðq~Xÿ AgVmo. J„rnmgyZ {X„rn¶ªV hr MMm© a§JVo. J«m‘ n§Mm¶VrÀ¶m {ZdS>UwH$m åhUOo dmXmMo H|$Ð. nXà{Vð>onm¶r JmdmV JQ>mVQ>mMo amZ ‘mOyZ JmdmMr em§VVm Zï> hmoVo. ¶m{Z{‘ÎmmZo ^mD$~§XH$sVbo dmX {MKiVmV. JmdmMr {dH$mgH$m‘o XoIrb amOH$maUmÀ¶m AdVr^modVr H|${ÐV hmoVmV. JmdmV Oo hmoB©b Vo amOH$s¶ ZoV¥Ëdm‘wioM hr ^mdZm JmdmV éObr AgyZ bmoH$gh^mJ ZJʶ hmoV Mmbbm Amho. AmVm {dH$mg{ZYr WoQ> Jmdmbm ¶oVmo. ˶m‘wio ¶m{ZYrda S>moim R>oD$Z bmoH$ amOH$maUmV CVê$ bmJboV. AWm©V gJirM H$mhr byQ> Mmbbr¶ Ago Zmhr. JmdmV n¸²$¶m JQ>mar Pmë¶m, KamoKar Zi nmohmoMbo, A§VJ©V añVo H$m±H«$sQ>Mo Pmbo, ‘mo~mB©b Q>m°da C^o am{hbo, B§Q>aZoQ> nmohmoMbo, eoVmn¶ªV añVo nmohMbo. åhUyZ Jmd gwIr Pmbo H$m? JmdmÀ¶m g‘ñ¶m Xÿa Pmë¶m H$m? Jm§d AmVm A{YH$m{YH$ namdb§~r hmoV Mmbb¶. à˶oH$ Hw$Qw>§~mbm Xm[aв¶ aofoImbrb ¶mXrV ¶m¶M¶. à˶oH$mbm aoeZMo 2-3 én¶o {H$bmoZo Ymݶ hd§¶. gJù¶m gmo¶r g~{gS>rVyZ {‘imì¶mV Aer Anojm AmhoV. Oa H$mhr H$aob Vo emgZ hr ^y{‘H$m AmVm J«m‘rU ^mJmMr Pmbr¶. n ...Am{U à{gÕr ‘mܶ‘o Odm XþîH$mi, XþîH$mi {KaQ>çm Kmbr! Vdm Jmdmbm, Jmdmbm Hw$UrZm dmbr! H$g§ gwJrV, gwJrV KmbVmV JñVm, ‘m¶m JmdmH$S>o Mb ‘m¶m XmoñVm!! (BÝÐOrV ^mboamd) ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 39
à{gÕr ‘mܶ‘mVyZ J«m‘rU OrdZ nydunojm A{YH$ R>iH$nUo ‘m§S>bo OmD$ bmJbo Amho. XþîH$mi Agmo AJa JmdmÀ¶m g‘ñ¶m AmVm ‘mܶ‘o {h[aarZo ‘m§Sy> bmJbo AmhoV. na§Vw AÚmnhr J«m‘rU ^mJmMo dmñV{dH$ {MÌ ‘mܶm‘mVyZ ¶oV Zmhr. XþîH$mimMr ‘m{hVr Va aH$mZoÀ¶m aH$mZo ^ê$Z {Xbr OmVo nU, XþîH$mimda ‘mV H$aUmè¶m JmdmMm dmñVd bT>m nwT>o ¶oV Zmhr. emgZmÀ¶m Ob¶wº$ {edma ¶moOZoVyZ Obg§YmaU Pmë¶mMo Va N>mnbo OmVo. nU bmoH$gh^mJmVyZ JmdmZo Ho$boë¶m H$m‘mbm ’$mago ñWmZ {‘iV Zmhr. bmoH$m§Zr Ho$boë¶m H$m‘mMo ~maH$mdo ‘m§S>bo OmV ZmhrV. Am{‘aImZÀ¶m ^modVr ½b¡‘a Amho åhUyZ OodT>o H$m¡VwH$ dm°Q>a H$n ñnY}Mo Pmbo Vgo bmoH$m§Zr ñdàoaUoZo Ho$boë¶m H$m‘mMo hmoV Zmhr. J«m‘rU ‘mUyg ˶m§Mo dmñVd gm§JʶmMm à¶ËZ H$aVmo nU Vo EoHy$Z KoʶmMr ‘mZ{gH$Vm ‘mܶ‘m§Mr ZgVo. {H$Vr nÌH$mam§Zm XþYmMo J«m‘rU ^mJmVbo Xa ‘m{hV AmhoV? XþYmMo Xa ‘mhrV AgVrb nU XÿY XoUmè¶m Jm¶r åherbm Im¶bm bmJUmè¶m EH$m Mmè¶mÀ¶m n|S>rbm 70 én¶o bmJVmV ho ‘m{hV Amho?
{H$Vr OUm§Zm ho ‘m{hV Amho H$s, Oo XÿY Amnë¶m Kamn¶ªV 40-50 én¶mV nmohmoMVo ˶mgmR>r eoVH$ar nmUr Q>§MmB©À¶m ¶m {XdgmV {dH$VMo nmUr OZmdamZm nmOVmo? ehamVbo gd© XdmImZo J«m‘rU ^mJmVyZ Amboë¶m é½Um§Zr ^abobo AgVmV. ~hþVm§e é½U AewÕ nmʶmMr XoUJr AgVmV. J«m‘rU ^mJmVrb nmʶmMo òmoV ho AewÕ d KmVH$ AmOmam§Zm {Z‘§ÌU XoUmao AmhoV. OJmMm nmoqeXm eoVH$ar Amnë¶m {nH$m§da KmVH$ agm¶Zm§Mm dmna H$ê$ bmJbm AgyZ ˶m‘wio H¢$ga gmaIo KmVH$ AmOma ~imdV Mmbbo AmhoV. ho gJio J«m‘rU OrdZmVrb ~Xbm§Mo n[aUm‘ AmhoV. agm¶Zm§Mm ’$dmaUrgmR>r AmJ«h YaUmè¶m ¶§ÌUoÀ¶m {déÕ AÚmn ‘mܶ‘o C^r R>mH$ë¶mMo {XgV Zmhr. Agmo añVo, B§Q>aZoQ>‘wio JmdmMo eharH$aU Pmë¶mMm Am^mg AmO hmoV Agbm Var Jmdo CXmg, AmOmar Am{U H$O©~mOmar hmoV Mmbbr AmhoV. Zm YS> {e{jV Zm YS> H$ï>miy eoVH$ar Aer ‘mo~mB©b‘ܶo S>moH§$ KmbyZ JmdmÀ¶m doerda ^oQ>Umar VéU {nT>r Ago ^rVrXm¶H$ {MÌ åhUOo Jmd Pmbo Amho.
mmm
n{hbm qhXþöX¶g‘«mQ> ì¶mg {H«$EeÝg² àH$m{eV
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‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 40
(V¥Vr¶ Amd¥Îmr)
qH$‘V é. 200/amÁ¶^amV ‘mo’$V KanmoM
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 2
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OZe³VrdmMH$ Midi, Am¡a§Jm~mX
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Hw$UM ^maVmV ‘wÐUmMr H$bm gmd©O{ZH$ hmoV Jobr Am{U ˶m gmo~V àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Mm "àgma' hmoʶmg gwadmV Pmbr. n{hbr 150 df} àgma ‘mܶ‘o åhUOo dV©‘mZnÌo, {Z¶VH$m{bHo$ Ag§M ñdê$n hmoV§. 1980 Z§Va Amnë¶mH$S>o XÿaXe©ZMo Omio ngê$ bmJbo. 20 ì¶m eVH$mÀ¶m AJXr eodQ>r eodQ>r ImgJr XÿaXe©Z dm{hݶm§Mr gwédmV Pmbr. 21 ì¶m eVH$mV n{hë¶m XeH$mZ§Va gm‘m{OH$ ‘mܶ‘§ (gmoeb {‘S>r¶m) gwê$ Pmbr. åhUOo 1830 nmgyZ ~{KVbo Va 200 dfmªV H$mJXmdaMr ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘§ Vo àM§S> ^m§S>dbr Jw§VdUwH$sMr BboŠQ´>m°{ZŠg ‘mܶ‘§ Vo Hw$Umbmhr hmVmiVm ¶oVrb Aer ñdñVm‘Yrb åhUOo Odinmg ’w$H$Q>M Aer A{Z~ªY gm‘m{OH$ ‘mܶ‘§ (’o$g~wH$, ìhm°Q>gAn, {Q‰>Q>a B.) Agm àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Mm àgma Pmbm. ¶m H$mimV g‘mO H$gm H$gm ~XbV Jobm? H$mJXr ‘mܶ‘§ hmoVr V|ìhm g‘mO hm AJXr ‘m{hVrÀ¶m nmVirda ~mi~moY hmoVm. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 41
Xoemda AmYr BñQ> B§{S>¶m H§$nZrMr Am{U Z§Va B§J«Om§Mr gÎmm hmoVr. gmjam§Mr g§»¶m AJXrM {H$aH$moi åhUmdr Aer hmoVr. ¶m H$mimV H$mJXm§darb Ajam§Mo {dbjU Ago ‘hÎd hmoVo. {Q>iH$m§Mm EH$ EH$ AJ«boI, EH$ EH$ eãX Am§XmobZmMo ñdê$n YmaU H$ê$ eH$m¶Mm. bmoH$‘mZgmda ˶mMm àM§S> à^md hmoVm. Zo‘Ho$ hoM hoê$Z {Q>iH$m§Zr Amnë¶m amOH$s¶ bT>çmgmo~VM gm‘m{OH$ à~moYZmgmR>r ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna H$am¶bm gwadmV Ho$br. {Q>iH$m§Zr gmd©O{ZH$ JUoe CËgd gwê$ Ho$bm ˶mMm àMma Am{U àgma hm ¶m àgma ‘mܶ‘m§‘YyZM Pmbm. ˶mnydu ‘hmamï´>mV gmd©O{ZH$ JUoe CËgdm§Mr na§nam ZìhVr. ¶m CËgdmMm Cn¶moJ gm§ñH¥${VH$ MidirgmR>r H$ê$Z KoʶmV Ambm. JUnVtÀ¶m ‘où¶m§‘YyZ g§JrVmÀ¶m ZmQ>H$mÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ àñWm{nV amOH$s¶ gm‘m{OH$ Midi ~iH$Q> hmoV Jobr. ¶mbm VoìhmÀ¶m àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Zr ’$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda ~i {‘idyZ {Xbo. Xþgam Q>ßnm ñdmV§Í¶moÎma H$mbI§S>mVrb ‘mZmdm bmJob. nmaV§Í¶mV àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Mo ܶo¶ doJio hmoVo. nU ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va Vo H$mhrgo ~Xbbo. JmdmoJmdÀ¶m OÌm, Cê$g, gU, g‘ma§^, ZdamÌ ‘hmoËgd AmXtZm ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§VyZ à{gÕr {‘im¶bm bmJbr. "n§T>arMr dmar' g‘OyZ KodyZ ˶mda doJio "{’$Mg©' {b{hbo Om¶bm bmJbo. JmdmoJmdÀ¶m N>moQ>çm ‘moR>çm CËgdm§Zm àgma ‘mܶ‘m§V ñWmZ {‘im¶bm bmJbo. OÌm/CËgd/ Cê$g ¶m§À¶m {Z{‘ÎmmZo ˶m n[agamV Á¶m gm§ñH¥${VH$ KS>m‘moS>r hmoVmV ¶m§À¶mda hr ‘mܶ‘§ bj R>odm¶bm bmJbr. ¶m {edm¶ gm{h˶ g§‘obZ, gdmB© J§Yd© g§JrV ‘hmoËgd Aem ZdrZ gm{h˶ g§JrV na§nam gwê$ Pmë¶m. ˶m§Mrhr XIb àgma ‘mܶ‘m§VyZ KoVbr Om¶bm bmJbr. XÿaXe©ZMm àgma Pmë¶mda ¶m gm‘m{OH$ à~moYZm§V EH$ JwUmË‘H$ ’$aH$ nS>V Jobm. Ñí¶ ñdê$nmV H$mhrhr {Xb§ Var bmoH$ nmhVmV H$maU ˶m§Zm ˶mMo gwadmVrbm Aàwn hmoVo. {edm¶ ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMo d¡{eï²>¶ åhUOo ¶mbm gmja AgʶmMr JaO ZìhVr. {~ZS>moH$ ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 42
H$a‘UyH$ Ago ñdê$n ¶m àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Zm ¶oV Jobo. ¶mMm n[aUm‘ Agm Pmbm H$s dV©‘mZnÌm§Zr Or H$mhr ‘¶m©Xm hmoVr Vr Amobm§Sy>Z AJXr VimJmimn¶ªV ho ‘mܶ‘ nmoMbo. ho ‘mܶ‘ V§ÌkmZmda Adb§~yZ hmoVo. {edm¶ Ñí¶mM VmH$X ‘moR>r AgVo ˶m‘wio AmÎmmn¶ªV Z Ambobo {df¶ Ñï>rH$moZ {d{dY gm‘m{OH$ KQ>H$ ¶mV ¶m¶bm bmJbo. ê$T>r, na§nam Á¶m H$mhr Amnë¶m g‘mOmV hOmamo df} MmbV Amboë¶m AmhoV ˶m eãXm§VyZ ‘m§S>Uo ¶mbm EH$ ‘¶m©Xm hmoVr. AmVm XÿaXe©Z ‘wio Ñí¶ ñdê$nmV ¶m gJù¶m ~m~r g‘mOmg‘moa ‘m§S>Uo ghO gmono Pmbo. ˶mMm n[aUm‘hr OmñV hmody bmJbm. XÿaXe©Zda am‘m¶U bmJm¶Mo Vo|ìhm bmoH$ XÿaXe©Z g§MmMr nyOm H$am¶Mo, hma Kmbm¶Mo, CX~Îmr bmdm¶Mo. añVo gyZgmZ ìhm¶Mo. hr ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMr VmH$X hmoVr. nwT>o ¶mM VmH$XrMm A{VaoH$s dmna H$aV ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Zr Yw‘mHy$i Kmbm¶bm gwadmV Ho$br. 1995 Z§Va ImgJr dm{hݶm gwê$ Pmë¶m. ¶m§À¶mda ~§YZ§ Ver ’$maer ZìhVr. AJXrM Aûcrb Am{U {~^Ëg Ag§ H$mhr gmoS>b§ Va Vo ~a§M H$mhr XmIdyZ eH$V hmoVo. ¶mMm ˶m§Zr ’$m¶Xm CMbbm. BWyZM H$mhr à‘mUmV gm‘m{OH$ ‘wë¶m§À¶m KgaUrbm gwadmV Pmbr. g‘mOmV {Zð>oZo H$m‘ H$aUmao H$m¶©H$V}, à{V^md§V, H$bmH$ma ¶m§À¶m nojm gw‘ma bmoH$m§Zm ‘hÎd ¶m¶bm gwadmV Pmbr. H$maU Vo ’$maí¶m AQ>t{edm¶ H$m¶©H«$‘m§gmR>r V¶ma Agm¶Mo. ê$T>r, na§nam, CËgd, OÌm ¶m§À¶mVyZ Zo‘H§$ H$m¶ XmIdmdo Am{U H$m¶ XmIdy Z¶o ¶mMo EH$ VmaVå¶ Amdí¶H$ hmoVo. ‘w{ÐV ñdê$nmV Ooìhm ‘mܶ‘§ hmoVr Voìhm ˶m§Mm AmdmH$m Vgm ‘¶m©{XV hmoVm. n[aUm‘r ˶m§À¶mda {Z¶§ÌU eŠ¶ hmoVo. nU ImgJr XÿaXe©Z dm{hݶm§da ~§YZ§ KmbU§ eŠ¶ am{hb§ Zmhr. n[aUm‘r Mm§Jë¶m gmo~VM dmB©Q>mMmhr àMma àgma gwê$ Pmbm. A{Zï> Jmoï>tZm ‘hÎd ¶m¶bm bmJb§. [aAm{bQ>r emo ‘YyZ VrZ {‘{ZQ>m§Mo JmU§ åhUUmam amÌrVyZ ñQ>ma ìhm¶bm bmJbm nU ˶mgmR>r bmJUmar ‘ohZV [a¶mO
H$bm AmË‘gmV H$aʶmgmR>r bmJUmao A’$mQ> H$ï> Xwb©{jV Pmbo. ¶mVyZ gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶m§À¶m èhmgmbm gwadmV Pmbr. 21 ì¶m eVH$mÀ¶m gwadmVrb ¶m gmo~V gm‘m{OH$ ‘mܶ‘§ (gmoeb {‘S>r¶m) dmT>m¶bm gwê$dmV Pmbr. Xhm n§Yam dfm©V ˶mMm A{VaoH$ Pmbobm nhm¶bm {‘iVmo Amho. ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘§, BboŠQ´>m°{ZŠg ‘mܶ‘§ ¶m§À¶mda H$mhrVar ~§YZ§ eŠ¶ hmoVr. nU gmoeb {‘{S>¶m åhUOo ‘moH$mQ> gwQ>bobo OZmda Pmbo Amho. ˶mda bJm‘ H$gm Kmbm¶Mm? Joë¶m XmoZeo dfmªV g‘mO IynM ~Xbbm Amho. ¶mMr ¶mo½¶ Vr XIb ‘mܶ‘m§Zr KoVbobr {XgVo. nU ¶m g‘mOmbm {ddoH$mÀ¶m nmVirda AmUʶmMr ^y{‘H$m ‘mÌ Vr KoVmZm {XgV Zmhr. {‘eZ Qy> àmo’o$eZ Agm Oa ‘mܶ‘m§Mm àdmg Agob Va AmnUhr ˶mH$Sy>Z Ver Anojm R>ody eH$V Zmhr. nU Xwgam EH$ ‘moR>m AmeoMm {H$aU gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m§VyZ {XgVmo Amho. AJXr H$‘r à‘mUmV H$m AgoZm H$mhr ‘§S>ir g§ñWm ¶m§Mm Mm§Jbm dmna H$ê$Z KoVmZm {XgV AmhoV. Á¶m Jmoï>r àñWm{nV ‘mܶ‘§ XmIdV ZìhVr, g‘moa ¶ody XoV ZìhVr Aem {H$VrVar ~m~r gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m WoQ>nUo g‘moa AmUVmo Amho. ’$moQ>mo, pìhS>r¶mo ¶m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z g˶ g‘moa ‘m§S>ʶmMr YS>nS> H$m¡VwH$ H$amdr AerM Amho. ¶m ‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m dmnamgmR>r ’$mago n¡go bmJV ZmhrV. n[aUm‘r ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna àM§S> dmT>V Mmbbm Amho. AmVm CbQ> àñWm{nV ‘mܶ‘m§Zr ¶m gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mMm YgH$m KoVbobm {XgVmo Amho. ‘mOr ‘w»¶‘§Ìr H$m±J«ogMo ZoVo {Xp½dO¶ qgh ¶m§Mo Á¶m Vê$U ‘wbrgmo~V ào‘ g§~§Y hmoVo ˶m§Mr N>m¶m{MÌo ¶m gmoeb {‘S>r¶mda JmObr. ˶mZ§Va An[ahm¶©nUo {Xp½dO¶ qgh ¶m§Zm ¶m Amnë¶m g§~§Ym§Mr H$~wbr Úmdr bmJbr. ¶m Vê$U ‘wbrgmo~V ˶m§Zm {ddmh H$amdm bmJbm. ho Hw$Umhr àñWm{nV ‘mܶ‘m§Zr Ho$bo Zmhr. H$maU Oa Vg§ H$mhr KS>b§ AgV§ Va hr ‘mܶ‘§ ¶m N>m¶m{MÌmMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z ˶m§Zm "ãb°H$‘ob' H$ê$Z Myn ~gʶmMrM eŠ¶Vm
OmñV hmoVr. nU ˶m§Zr g˶ H$Yr g‘moa AmUbo ZgV§. gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mÀ¶m X~mdmZo g˶ g‘moa ¶oʶmMo à‘mU dmT>bo Amho ho ‘mݶM H$amdo bmJob. gJim g‘mO H$YrM EH$gmW {~KS>bobm ZgVmo. EH$ {dMmar dJ© g‘mOmV H$m¶‘M H$m¶©aV AgVmo. ˶mMm AmdmO Xm~bm Jobm Va AZmMma dmT>VmV. Voìhm gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m Oa g‘mOmVrb {dMmar dJm©Mm AdmO ~ZyZ nwT>o ¶oV Agob Va ˶mMo ñdmJVM Ho$bo nm{hOo. EH$ A{Ve¶ gmY§ CXmhaU Á¶oð> nÌH$ma ^mD$ VmoagoH$a ¶m§À¶m~m~V Amho. ˶m§Zr ãbm°J {bhm¶bm gwadmV Ho$br. Am{U ¶m ãbm°Jbm dmMUmè¶m§Mr ^oQ> XoUmè¶m§Mr g§»¶m EH$ H$moQ>rMm Q>ßnm nma H$ê$Z Jobr. ¶m ãbm°JgmR>r ˶m§Zm Hw$R>bmhr ’$ma ‘moR>m ^m§S>dbr IM© H$amdm bmJbm Zmhr. AmVm EH$ ¶wQ>çy~ M°Zb Vo gwê$ H$aV AmhoV. EHy$UM ‘mܶ‘m§Mm {dMma Ho$bm Va Vo EH$ XþYmar eó Amho. ˶mMm dmna AmnU H$gm H$ê$Z KoVmo ¶mdaM g‘mOmMr gmYH$ ~mYH$ KS>U ~ZV OmB©b. ~hþVm§e {dMmar bmoH$m§Zr ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mm VmaVå¶mZo dmna H$am¶Mo R>adbo Va Iyn H$mhr Mm§Jbo KSy> eH$Vo. ‘amR>dmS>m ^mJmV emór¶ g§JrVmMr Midi, AmË‘h˶mJ«ñV eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ‘wbm§gmR>r ‘XVrMr Midi, H$Mam doMH$ ‘{hbm§Mr Midi Ago H$mhr CnH«$‘ gXa boIH$mZo ñdV: gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mMm dmna H$aV ¶eñdr H$ê$Z XmIdbo AmhoV. JmdmoJmdÀ¶m N>moQ>çm nÌH$mam§Zm BVa àñWm{nV ‘mܶ‘§ g§Yr XoV ZmhrV. ˶m§À¶mgmR>r gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m ho EH$ daXmZ R>ê$ eH$Vo. AmYw{ZH$ H$mimVhr ‘hmZJam§‘ܶo ‘§{Xao, CnmgZm ñWio ¶oWo gm‘m{OH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ CnH«$‘ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV Mmb{dbo OmVmV, ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV XoU½¶m Jmoim hmoVmV, g‘mOmMo EH${ÌH$aU KSy>Z ¶oVo ˶m à‘mUoM ZdrZ ‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z Mm§Jë¶m Jmoï>r hmody eH$VmV. JaO Amho Vr ¶mgmR>r nwT>o ¶oUmè¶m Vê$U dJm©À¶m nmR>rer ‘XVrMm ^¸$‘ hmV Am{U ew^oÀN>m§Mr Wmn XoʶmMr.
mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 43
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 2
àgma ‘mܶ‘o Am{U gm‘m{OH$ ^mZ AO¶ H$m¡{Q>H$dma ݶyO 18 bmoH$‘V
O
Z‘V KS>{dʶmV Am{U "{~'KS>{dʶmVhr gdm©V ‘moR>§ ¶moJXmZ AgV§ Vo àgma‘mܶ‘m§M§. ¶m ‘mܶ‘mV Agboë¶m ¶m VmH$Xr‘wioM ˶mbm bmoH$emhrÀ¶m Mm¡Ï¶m Im§~mMm XOm© {‘imbm. OJ^amVë¶m gd©M Xoem§‘ܶo H$‘r A{YH$ à‘mUmV àgma‘mܶ‘m§Mr hrM ^y{‘H$m am{hbr Amho. B§Q>aZoQ>Mm dmT>Vm dmna, ghO CnbãY hmoUmao ñ‘mQ>©’$moZ Am{U gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m‘wio àgma ‘mܶ‘m§M§ gd© J{UVM ~XbyZ Job§¶. ¶m Zì¶m Jmoï>t‘wio ‘mܶ‘m§Mr nma§n[aH$ Mm¡H$Q> nyU©nUo ‘moSy>Z nS>br. OwZo {Z¶‘ ‘moSy>Z nS>bo, {b{hU§ ~Xbb§, {XgU§ ~Xbb§, ~mobU§ ~Xbb§, ‘yë¶hr ~Xbbr. Joë¶m 100 dfm©V ‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo Oo ~Xb Pmbo ZmhrV Vo ~Xb Joë¶m 10 dfmª‘ܶo KSy>Z Ambo. ~Xbm§Mm hm aoQ>m EdT>m ‘moR>m Amho H$s ˶mÀ¶mer OwidyZ KoB©n¶ªV nwÝhm Amnë¶mbm Zì¶m ~Xbmbm gm‘moao Omd§ bmJV§. ¶m‘wio OJ^amVë¶m ‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo gܶm àM§S> KwgiU gwê$ Amho. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 44
‘mܶ‘ Hw$R>b§hr Agb§ Var Vo dmnaVmZm '^mZ' AgU§ A˶§V Amdí¶H$ Amho. ho "^mZ' gwQ>b§ Va n[apñWVr "~o'^mZ Pmë¶m{edm¶ amhV Zmhr. AmO ¶mM Hw$R>ë¶mVar ‘Yë¶m AdñWoV Amnbr dmQ>Mmb gwê$ Amho. Zì¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mm doJ àM§S> Amho. ˶mMr nmohmoMhr H$ënoZoÀ¶m ~mhoaMr Amho. ˶mMm n[aUm‘hr Imobda OmUmam Amho. ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§da Hw$UmMohr {Z¶§ÌU Zmhr, bJm‘ Zmhr. ˶m‘wio hr ‘mܶ‘§ ~obJm‘ Am{U ~o^mZ AmhoV Ag§ åhQ>b§ Var A{Ve¶moº$s R>aUma Zmhr. gJù¶mV ‘hÎdmM§ Amho Vo åhUOo ¶mMm dmna AmnU H$em àH$mao H$aVmo ¶mM§ ^mZ ~miJʶmM§. 1990 n¶ªV g‘mO‘Z KS>{dʶmM§ H$m‘ d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr Ho$b§. ˶mZ§Va 2000-2005n¶ªV Q>rìhrZo Am{U AmVm A{YamÁ¶ Amho Vo gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mM§. AmVm à˶oH$mÀ¶m hmVmV EH$ ‘r{S>¶m hmD$gM CnbãY Pmb§¶. Vwåhr AmVm 춺$ hmoD$ eH$Vm, Vw‘Mo {dMma ‘m§Sy> eH$Vm Am{U OJmer ghOnUo g§dmXhr gmYy eH$Vm. {edm¶ hr Zdr ‘mܶ‘§ A{Ve¶ ñdñV Am{U hmVmim¶bm gmonr AmhoV. ˶m‘wio Vr PnmQ>çmZo gd©Xÿa nmohmoMV AmhoV. ¶mM doJm‘wio ^mZ gwQ>V§ H$s H$m¶ Aer n[apñWVr AmVm {Z‘m©U Pmbr¶. Joë¶m H$mhr dfmª‘Yë¶m KQ>Zm§da ZOa Q>mH$br Va n[apñWVr {H$Vr qMVmOZH$ Amho ¶mMr H$ënZm ¶oVo. gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m‘wio d¥ÎmnÌ Am{U Q>rìhrMr ‘ºo$Xmar ‘moSy>Z nS>br. ‘m{hVr {‘i{dʶmMm n{hbm òmoV hm AmVm gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m ~Zbm Amho. ‘mJÀ¶m dfu 1 Owb¡bm OiJmd OdiÀ¶m amB©ZnmS>çmV ‘wb§ ni{dUmar Q>moir Ambr Agë¶mMr A’$dm ngabr. ìhm°Q²gAn‘wio hr A’$dm JmdmJmdm§‘ܶo nmohmoMbr bmoH$m§‘ܶo ^rVr Am{U g§e¶ {Z‘m©U Pmbm. ¶mM g§e¶mVyZ {^jm ‘mJUmè¶m 5 OUm§Zm bmoH$m§Zr R>oMyZ ‘mab§. Aer ‘wb§ ni{dUmar Hw$R>br Q>moir Zmhr Am{U KQ>Zmhr KS>br Zmhr ho nmo{bgm§Zrhr ñnï> Ho$b§. ‘mÌ bmoH$m§À¶m ‘ZmVbr ^rVr Vo Kmbdy eH$bo Zmhr. gm‘m{OH$ ^mZ Ooìhm hadVo VoìhmM Aem KQ>Zm KS>V AgVmV.
Oo KS>b§ Vo gm§JU§ ho ‘mܶ‘m§§M§ H$V©ì¶ Amho. Vo gm§JVmZm Vw‘Mr ‘V§ ˶mV ¶ody Z¶o hmhr g§Ho$V Amho. ‘mÌ Oo KS>b§ Zmhr Vo KS>b§ åhUyZ gm§JU§ Am{U Vo gm§JVmZm Vw‘M§ ‘V ˶mV KwgdU§ Ag§ Ooìhm hmoV§ Voìhm àý {Z‘m©U hmoVmV. gm‘m{OH$ em§VVobm VS>m OmVmo. ¶m doiog Amdí¶H$ AgV§ Vo gm‘m{OH$ ^mZ OnU§ Am{U dmT>rg H$g§ bmJob ho ~KU§. Ym{‘©H$, gm‘m{OH$, OmVr¶ VUmd Ooìhm {Z‘m©U hmoVmo Voìhm ‘mܶ‘m§Mr hr O~m~Xmar AmUIrM dmT>V AgVo. EImXr Jmoï> MwH$sMr KS>br Var ˶m‘wio gm‘m{OH$ em§VVm Oa ^§J hmoUma Agob Va Vr Jmoï> Z gm§JUo qH$dm Z XmIdUo hoM ¶mo½¶ AgV§. Ag§ ^mZ ho AmO Onb§ OmV§ H$m Agm àý Oa {dMmabm Va ˶mM§ CÎma R>m‘nUo XoVm ¶oV Zmhr ho H$Qy Agb§ Var g˶ Amho Am{U Vo ‘mݶ Ho$b§ nm{hOo. OrdKoUr ñnYm©, ’$º$ ~mOmamMm hmoV Agbobm {dMma, Q>rAmanrMr H$miOr ¶m‘wio ‘mܶ‘m§M§ ^mZ gwQ>b§¶ H$m Agm gdmb AmVm {dMmabm OmVmo¶. ¶m Jmoï>tZm ’$º$ ‘mܶ‘M O~m~Xma Zmhr Va ZmJ[aH$hr VodT>oM O~m~Xma AmhoV. bmoH$m§Mr AmO A{^éMr ~Xbbr, [a‘moQ> hmVmV Amë¶mZo g§¶‘hr g§nbm. ˶m‘wio ‘mܶ‘§ bmoH$m§Zm pIidyZ R>odʶmgmR>r AZoH$ IQ>nQ>r, bQ>nQ>r H$aV AgVmV. ¶mM àH$mam§‘wio KÅ> Agbobr gm‘m{OH$ {dU CgdVo H$s H$m¶ Agm àý AmO {Z‘m©U Pmbm Amho. AJXr VmO§ CXmhaU Oar AmnU nm{hb§ Var ˶mVyZ Amnë¶mbm AZoH$ Jmoï>r bjmV ¶oVrb. nwbdm‘mVbm h„m Am{U Z§Va ^maVmZo {Xbobo AmH«$‘H$ CÎma ¶m H$mimV ‘mܶ‘m§Mr ^y{‘H$m hr g§¶‘mMr ZìhVr. Aem H$mimV ~o^mZ hmoD$Z Zmhr Va ^mZmda amhÿZ {ZU©¶ ¿¶mdo bmJVmV. AmH«$‘H$nUm Am{U AmH«$ñVmionUm, AmZ§X Am{U CÝ‘mX ¶m ’$aH$ AgVmo. ˶m‘Ybr gr‘maofmhr A{Ve¶ nwgQ> AgVo. ˶m‘wio dmVmªH$Z H$aVmZm A{Ve¶ H$miOr ¿¶mdr bmJVo. nU ho ^mZ gwQ>V Agbob§ gܶm Var {XgV§ Amho. ^maVmZo AmH«$‘H$ CÎma Úmd§ Ag§ gJù¶m§M§ ‘V hmoV§ ‘mÌ XoemV ¶wÕÁda ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 45
{Z‘m©U Pmbm. Aem Jmoï>t‘wio gaH$madahr àM§S> X~md {Z‘m©U hmoVo. ˶mMo n[aUm‘hr Xoe Am{U g‘mOmda XÿaJm‘r hmoV AgVmV. A{^ZoÌr lrXodr {hÀ¶m {ZYZmZ§Vahr ‘mܶ‘m§M§ ho gwQ>bob§ ^mZ OJmbm {Xgb§. ^S>H$nUm‘wio bmoH$m§M§ bj doYb§ OmV Agb§ Var ˶m‘wio {dœgZr¶Vm {‘iV Zmhr. CbQ> {dœmg H$‘r hmoVmo ho dma§dma {XgyZ Amb§ Amho. ¶m AmYrhr 26/11 bm ‘w§~B©da Pmbobm XheVdmXr h„m Agmo, H$s {X„rV Pmbobm ~m°å~ñ’$moQ> Agmo, H$s {Z^©¶mda Pmbobm ~bmËH$ma ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ¶mM ~Q>~Q>rVnUm‘wio gd© ‘mܶ‘m§À¶mM {dœgZr¶Voda àý{MÝh {Z‘m©U Pmb§¶. n gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m dmnaVmZm H$miOr ¿¶m gmoeb ‘r{S>¶mda Hw$UmM§hr {Z¶§ÌU Zgë¶mZo ImoQ>çm ~mVå¶m§Mm (’o$H$ ݶyO) gwigwimQ> Pmbm Amho. OJ^a ˶mda qMVm 춺$ H$aʶmV ¶oV Amho. ¶mda Hw$R>b§ gm°âQ>doAa {Z‘m©U H$éZ CÎma {‘iUma Zmhr Va ‘|XyM§ gm°âQ>doAa R>rH$ H$aU§ hmM ˶mdaMm ‘mJ© Amho. Va bmoH$m§Zrhr ho ‘mܶ‘ dmnaVmZm {H$‘mZ ^mZ R>odb§ nm{hOo. Amboë¶m à˶oH$ Jmoï>rda {dœmg Z R>odU§, Hw$R>brhr ‘m{hVr ’$m°ad©S> H$aʶmAmYr {VMr ImVaO‘m H$ê$Z KoU§. Amboë¶m ‘m{hVrMm ómoV VnmgyZ ~KU§ Am{U ^S>H$, gm‘m{OH$, Ym{‘©H$ gbmoIm {~KS>{dUmar ‘m{hVr nwT>o OmUma Zmhr ¶mMr H$miOr à˶oH$mZo KoVbr Va Iyn ‘moR>§ H$m‘ hmoD$ eH$Vo. n AmeoMm {H$aU Ag§ qMVm H$aUma§ dmVmdaU Agb§ Var gd©M n[apñWVr H$mhr {Zame H$aUmar Zmhr. Ia§ åhUOo ¶mV ‘mܶ‘m§Mm Xmof Zmhr Va Vmo dmnaUmè¶m§M Xmof Amho. H$mhr {Xdgm§nydu ݶyO M°ZobZo ‘amR>dmS>çmVë¶m XþîH$mimMr ~mV‘r XmIdbr hmoVr. EH$m eoVH$è¶mbm nmUr Am{U Mmè¶mMr Q>§MmB© Agë¶mZo Amnë¶mH$S>Mr
~¡b OmoS>r {dH$mdr bmJbr. Vmo eoVH$ar Ooìhm Vr ~¡b OmoS>r ~mOmamV KoD$Z OmD$ bmJbm Voìhm ˶m eoVH$è¶mMr ‘wbJr ˶m ~¡bm§À¶m Jù¶mV nSy>Z T>gm T>gm aSy> bmJbr. Á¶m ~¡bm§gmo~V Vr bhmZnUm§nmgyZ Ioibr ~mJS>br, Hw$Qw>§~mMmM gXñ¶ Agbobo Vo ~¡b {dH$mdo bmJUma Agë¶mZo ˶m eoVH$ar Hw$Qw>§~mMm Ord Q>m§JUrbm bmJbm hmoVm. eoVH$ar Hw$Qw>§~mMr hr ì¶Wm EH$m ñnoeb [anmoQ>©‘ܶo XmI{dë¶mda amÁ¶mVyZ ‘XVrMo AZoH$ hmV nwT>o Ambo. Hw$Ur ~¡bm§À¶m Mmè¶mMr ì¶dñWm Ho$br, Hw$Ur nmʶmMr Va Hw$Ur ˶m ‘wbrÀ¶m {ejUmMm IM© CMbbm Am{U nmhVm nmhVm Vo eoVH$ar Hw$Qw>§~ nwÝhm C^§ am{hb§. ZJa{OëømV am{h~mB© ¶m§Mr Xoer {~¶mʶm§Mr ~±H$ XoemV à{gÕ Amho. ‘mÌ EdT>§ ‘mobmM§ H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m am{h~mBªZm ‘mÌ amhm¶bm Am{U {~¶mU§ R>odm¶bm gmY§ KagwÕm ~m§YʶmMr EonV Zmhr hr ~mV‘r Ooìhm ‘mܶ‘m§Zr XmIdbr Voìhmhr ‘XVrgmR>r AZoH$ hmV nwT>o Ambo. ‘hgyb‘§Ìr M§ÐH$m§V nmQ>rb ¶m§Zr ¶m ~mV‘rMr XIb KoV am{h~mBªZm Ka Am{U {~¶mʶm§Mr ~±H$ ~m§YyZ {Xbr. EH$ Zd§ H$m‘ C^§ am{hb§. gmܶm EH$m ~mV‘rZo Aer eoH$S>mo ‘mUgm§Mr Am¶wî¶ ~XbyZ Joë¶mÀ¶m KQ>Zm AmhoV. Hw$R>ë¶mhr Jmoï> hr nyU©nUo dmB©Q> ZgVo qH$dm Mm§Jbr ZgVo. g˶ ho Hw$R>oVar‘ܶo AgV§. Vo emoYʶmMm H$m¶‘ à¶ËZ Pmbm nm{hOo. gm‘m{OH$ ^mZ OnV à¶ËZ Pmbm VaM Vo eŠ¶ Amho. ho H$m‘ EH$Q>çm ‘mܶ‘m§M§ Zmhr Va Vo gdmªM§ Amho. ho ^mZ Onb§ VaM {dœgZr¶Vm Onbr OmB©b. ~mV‘r Am{U {VMr g˶Vm hmM ‘mܶ‘m§Mm àmU Amho. ˶m‘wio Vr OnU§, dmT>U§ Am{U {dœgZr¶Vm amhrb. ho H$m‘ Pmbo Va ˶mV ‘mܶ‘m§M§, XoemM§ Am{U g‘mOmM§hr ^b§ Amho. ho ^mZ gdmª‘ܶo {Z‘m©U hmodmo hrM g{XÀN>m.
mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 46
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 2
àgma ‘mܶ‘o Am{U órà{V‘m S>m°. {Zem ‘wS>o-ndma
{d^mJà‘wI d¥ÎmnÌ{dÚm d g§dmX emó {d^mJ, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya
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aVmV 1975 À¶m g§¶wº$ amï´>g§KmÀ¶m Am§Vaamï´>r¶ ‘{hbm XeH$mÀ¶m {Z{‘ÎmmZo ‘{hbm§À¶m gm‘m{OH$ XOm©Mm Aä¶mg AhdmbmÛmao àH$m{eV Pmbm. ¶m AhdmbmV ‘{hbm Am{U ‘mܶ‘o ¶m {df¶mbmhr ‘hÎd XoʶmV Ambo. ‘{hbm§À¶m àým§Zm, Amem-AmH$m§jm§Zm ‘mܶ‘m§Zr à{V{~§{~V H$aUo hr Anojm ¶mo½¶M Amho. ‘{hbm§Mo àý, g‘ñ¶m Am{U gd© ñVamdarb XOm© ¶m {df¶rMr MMm© Ho$br. eVH$^a Ho$di OJmVM Zìho Va ^maVmVhr gwê$ Amho. ^maVr¶ nÌH$m[aVoMr n{hbr e§^a df} hr gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶m Am{U àý ‘m§S>ʶmMr ܶo¶dmXr nÌH$m[aVm hmoVr. d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m àma§^rÀ¶m H$mimV ór-{ejU, gVrMr Mmb, ~mb{ddmh, {dYdm nwZ{d©dmh Aem àým§Mr MMm© H$aʶmV ¶oV Ago. Ho$di MMm©M Zmhr Va ˶m AZwf§JmZo H$m¶Xo V¶ma H$aʶmMr Amdí¶H$Vm dmVmdaU{Z{‘©Vr d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr Ho$br, ˶mMm n[aUm‘ AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ gwYmaUm Pmë¶m, ˶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$ Vo H$m¶Xo A‘bmV Ambo. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 47
‘{hbm§Mo {ejU, ˶mgmR>r g‘mOmVrb à¶ËZ, {ó¶m§Zm {‘iUmè¶m e¡j{UH$ g§Yr, ZmoH$ar-ì¶dgm¶ ¶mg§X^m©V VËH$mbrZ d¥ÎmnÌo Am{U {Z¶VH$m{bH$m§Zr "g‘mO‘Z' V¶ma H$aʶmMo H$m¶© Ho$bo. AmO à˶oH$ joÌmV JwUdÎmm ¶mXr‘ܶo àW‘ ¶oʶmMo ‘wbtMo à‘mU A{YH$ Amho. ‘{hbm§À¶m {dH$mgmgmR>r g‘mZ g§Yr {‘imbr H$s "gm‘m{OH$ {MÌ' ~Xbʶmg ‘XV hmoVo ho ˶mMo ~mobHo$ CXmhaU åhUmdo bmJob. ór {ejUm‘wio gm‘m{OH$ àý gwQ>bo H$m? Va ˶mMo CÎma H$mhr à‘mUmV hmoH$mamË‘H$ AmhoV. ‘{hbm§Mo Am{W©H$ gj‘rH$aUmMm n[aUm‘, g‘mOmVrb {VMo ñWmZ ~Xbʶmg Z¸$sM ‘XV Pmbr Amho. ñdV…~ÔbMo AmË‘^mZ, h¸$ Am{U A{YH$ma ¶m‘wio ór ñdmV§Í¶ hr g§H$ënZm A{YH$ ì¶mnH$ Pmbr. {ó¶m§Mo gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOH$s¶, Amamo½¶ Am{U BVa A{YH$ma Ogo ‘hÎdmMo AmhoV Vgo ‘{hbm§Zr ñdV…Mo ñWmZ {Z{üV H$aʶmgmR>r ñdV…Mr d¡Mm[aH$ ^y{‘H$m {Z{üV H$aUo VodT>oM AmìhmZmË‘H$ am{hbo Amho. d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo qH$dm {Z¶VH$m{bH$m§Mo Ho$di dmMH$ Z amhVm ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo ‘{hbm§Zr boIZ H$aʶmg gwédmV Ho$br, VgoM nÌH$m[aVoÀ¶m joÌmV amoOJma {‘i{dbm. d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m g§nmXH$nXr ‘{hbm AmhoV ho {MÌ ’$mago g‘mYmZH$maH$ Zgbo Var {Z{üVM ^yfUmdh Amho. ~§Jmb‘ܶo H$m{‘Zr grb ¶m§Zr "p¼ñVr ‘{hbm' ho ‘{hbm§Mo ‘m{gH$ 1881 gmbr H$bH$Îmm ¶oWo ~§Jmbr ^mfoV gwê$ Ho$bo. ˶mZ§Va AmZ§Xr~mB© bmS> ¶m§Mo "Am¶© ^{JZr', ho‘§V Hw$‘mar Mm¡YamUr ¶m§Mo "gwJ¥{hUr' Aem ‘{hbm g§nmXH$ Agboë¶m ‘{hbm§À¶m ‘m{gH$m§Mr gwédmV Pmbr. ñdmV§Í¶mÀ¶m H$mimV ‘mXm‘ {^H$mOr H$m‘m (d§Xo ‘mVa‘), S>m°ŠQ>a Zr ~oP§Q> (ݶy B§{S>¶m), AéUm Ag’$ Abr (BÝH$bm~) ao{S>Amo ~«oZ åhUyZ AmoiIë¶m OmUmè¶m Cfm ‘ohVm ¶m§Zr ^maV N>moS>mo Am§XmobZmV ^y{‘JV ao{S>¶mo H$mhr H$mi Mmb{dbm. Aer à‘wI Zmdo nwT>o ¶oVmV. ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va ì¶mdgm{¶H$ nÌH$m[aVoV ‘{hbm§Mm àdoe Pmbm nU ˶mhrAmYr 1930 bm ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 48
JwOamV ¶oWrb Zdgmar ¶oWrb hmo‘mB© dm¶Imbm ¶m§Zr BbopŠQ´>H$ {dH$br ¶m ‘m{gH$mV BñQ>§Q> ã¶wamo Am°’$ X {~«{Q>e gpìh©g {X„rÀ¶m ¶m gm¶§ X¡{ZH$mgmR>r ’$moQ>moOZ©{bñQ> åhUyZ H$m‘ Ho$bo. H$‘bm ‘mZHo$H$a, A{ZVm ‘{bH$, {dÚm ‘wÝer, Xod¶mZr Mm¡~i nmQ>rb, A{ZVm gaH$ma, {dÚm ~mi ¶m§Zr AZwH«$‘o B§J«Or, qhXr, ‘amR>r, JwOamVr d¥ÎmnÌo ‘m{gH$m§gmR>r H$m‘ Ho$bo, ¶m‘ܶo à^m XÎm, ~aIm XÎm, Hw$Umb nm§S>o, gwMoVm Xbmb hr Zmdo ‘hÎdmMr AmhoV, ‘mܶ‘m~amo~aM Z^modmUr Am{U Xÿa{MÌdmUr ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m {dH$mgm‘wio ‘mܶ‘m§Mo EH$ Zdo ¶wJ ‘{hbm§gmR>r Iwbo Pmbo, BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘mVrb ‘{hbm, ‘{hbm àojH$, Om{hamVrVrb ‘{hbm, Xÿa{MÌdmUr ‘m{bH$m§Mm ‘{hbm àojH$m§da hmoUmam à^md Am{U n[aUm‘ Ago AZoH$ {df¶ AmhoV. ^maV gaH$maÀ¶m ‘m{hVr Am{U àgmaU ‘§Ìmb¶mÀ¶m g§Ho$VñWimda à{V‘m nw[a¶m ¶m AmhoV. n{hë¶m ‘{hbm ݶyO arS>a åhUyZ ‘m{hVr XoʶmV Ambr Amho. 1967 bm gb‘m gwbVmZm ¶m§Zr {X„r XÿaXe©Zda ~mV‘r Xoʶmg gwédmV Ho$br. Joë¶m gmR> dfm©V {X„r XÿaXe©Z ‘Yrb ‘{hbm§Zr Amnbo ñdV§Ì nmZ V¶ma Ho$bo Amho. ˶mMo ¶moJXmZ nwñVH$ ê$nmZo g§H${bV hmoʶmMr Amdí¶H$Vm Amho. gømÐr Am{U BVa àmXo{eH$ dm{hݶm ¶m§Mmhr AgmM Aä¶mg hmoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. ‘w§~B© XÿaXe©Z 1972 bm gwé Pmbo. ^º$s ~d},gwbw gݶmb, pñ‘Vm nmQ>rb, pñ‘Vm VidiH$a, Á¶moËñZm {H$anoH$a, Mméerbm nQ>dY©Z, dmg§Vr dV©H$, A§Obr n¡R>Uo, Á¶moVr Am§~oH$a ¶m ݶyO arS>a~amo~a ‘hÎdmÀ¶m nXmda H$m¶©aV Agboë¶m ‘{hbm§Mm Aä¶mg H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. 1991 Z§Va Pmboë¶m ImOJr dm{hݶm§Zr Va ‘{hbm§gmR>r amoOJma {Z‘m©U Ho$bm. H$mhr d¥Îmdm{hݶm§‘ܶo ‘{hbm§Mo à‘mU 42 Q>¸o$ BVHo$ Amho. ImgJr ao{S>AmoMo {dœ ì¶mnbo Amho. {MÌnQ> Am{U Om{hamV ¶mVrb ‘{hbm à{V‘m ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m gwédmVrÀ¶m H$mimnmgyZ qMVZmMm d qMVoMm {df¶ Amho. AmO OmJ{VH$sH$aUm‘ܶo {MÌnQ>mVrb ‘{hbm§Mo {MÌ Ago AñdñW H$aUmao Amho
VgoM ˶m§Mm gmd©O{ZH$ OrdZmVrb ‘wº$ dmda hm qMVmOZH$ Amho. ImgJr dm{hݶm§da g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§da ˶m§Mo nyU© {MÌ ¶oUo ~mH$s Amho. hm°{bdyS>À¶m nyU©V… à^mdmImbr d OmJ{VH$ H§$nݶm§À¶m àbmo^Zm‘wio Amnbo djñWi CKS>o R>odʶmMr ’°$eZ hr g‘mOmbm H$moU˶m {XeoZo KoD$Z OmV AmhoV ¶mMr qMVm gܶm H$moU˶mhr KQ>H$m§Zm Zmhr. ImOJr Xÿa{MÌdmUrbm H$moU˶mhr {Z¶‘m§Mr ^rVr Zmhr. Vgo ñdV…Mr Aer AmMmag§{hVm Zmhr. Ho$di ~mOma ì¶dgm¶mV Q>moH$mÀ¶m hì¶mgm‘wio ‘mܶ‘mV ¶oUmar ór à{V‘m {deofV… ’°$eZ, {MÌnQ> Am{U Om{hamV ¶mVyZ hmoUmao ‘{hbm§À¶m Xoh àXe©Z hm J§^ra gm‘m{OH$ qMVoMm {df¶ hmoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. ‘mܶ‘mVyZ ‘{hbm§Mr à{V‘mhr Cn^moJʶmgmR>rM Amho Agm g§Xoe nmohmoMVmo Amho. ¶m‘wio g‘mOmVrb ‘{hbm§Mm XOm©, ‘{hbm§Mo {df¶ àý ¶m{df¶r Agbobr AmñWm ¶mdahr {dMma Pmbm nm{hOo. d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr ‘{hbm dmMH$ V¶ma H$aʶmgmR>r ‘{hbm§Mo ì¶mgnrR> V¶ma Ho$bo Amho. ¶m ì¶mgnrR>mdê$Z ‘{hbm§Mo àý, Amem-Anojm, ‘{hbm§Mo h¸$ Am{U
A{YH$ma ¶mM~amo~a ‘mܶ‘mVrb órà{V‘m ¶mda H$YrVar J§^ra {dMma hmoʶmMr Amdí¶H$Vm {Z‘m©U Pmbr Amho. ‘{hbm Am{W©H$ gj‘ H$aʶmgmR>r "B§Q>aZoQ> ¶mÌr'gmaIo àH$ën JwJb B§{S>¶m, Q>mQ>m Q´>ñQ>, H$mhr ñd¶§godr g§ñWm ‘mܶ‘m~amo~a H$aVmhoV ho Z¸$sM ‘hÎdmMo nmD$b Amho. ~Xb˶m g‘mOmVrb ~XbVr ‘mܶ‘o Am{U ór à{V‘m ¶m {df¶mMm {dMma H$aVm gܶm àH$fm©Zo OmUdUmam ‘wÔm åhUOo ‘mܶ‘mVyZMo H$m¶© XmIdbo OmVo ¶mda Hw$R>oM ZmamOr, Zmng§Vr {damoY {XgV Zmhr. Amnë¶m {XdmUImݶmÀ¶m Xÿa{MÌdmUrda {’$ë‘r {MÌnQ> nwañH$ma ¶mdoir go{b{~«Q>r ‘{hbmàXe©Z Amnë¶mbm AñdñW H$aV Zgob Va ‘{hbm Am{U ‘mܶ‘m§Mo {MÌ {MÌU ¶m {df¶mda H$mhrM Z ~mobUo hm ‘mJ© nËH$amdm bmJUo ho J§^ra Amho. ‘mo~mB©b, g‘mO ‘mܶ‘o Am{U ZoQ> {’$Šg darb ‘{hbm à{V‘mZ ¶m{df¶r Oa Ag§doXZerb hmoUma AgVrb Va ˶m V§ÌkmZm‘wio ho gJio KS>V Agbo Var ˶mbm H$mhr ‘¶m©Xm, ~§YZo Agm¶bm hdo Ago dmQ>Uo ‘hËdmMo Amho.
mmm
"hñV‘wÐm' ì¶mg {H«$EeÝg² àH$m{eV
Xrnm Omoer {b{IV
{dkmZ ho ^maVr¶m§Mo nwamVZ {dkmZ Amho. ¶m {dkmZmMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z Amnbo emar[aH$ VgoM ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ gwYmaVm ¶oVo. à˶oH$ ‘wÐoMm ‘mZdr earamda VmËH$mi d gw§Xa n[aUm‘ hmoVmo. gmܶm, gmo߶m, H$am¶bm gwb^ Aem ‘wÐm§Mm Cn¶moJ ‘mZdmbm hmodmo ¶m hoVyZo Ho$bobm hm EH$ N>moQ>m à¶ËZ Amho. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 49
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 2
Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘o Am{U VéUmB© ‘wHw§$X ’$S>Ho$
X¡. à^mV, gmVmam
Om°
Z bmoJr ~oAS>© ZmdmÀ¶m g§emoYH$ d¥ÎmrÀ¶m Mm¡H$g {ejH$mZo 20 ì¶m eVH$mÀ¶m nydm©Ym©V B§½b§S>‘ܶo Ooìhm Xÿa{MÌdmUrMm emoY bmdbm Voìhm ˶mbm H$ënZmhr Zgob H$s Amnbr hr {Z{‘©Vr H$mhr H$mimZo gmao OJ ì¶mnyZ Q>mH$Uma Amho. Xÿa{MÌdmUrÀ¶m V§ÌmMm emoY bmJyZ AmVm gw‘mao 100 df} nyU© hmoVrb. H$mhr H$mimnydu Á¶m Q>rìhrbm B{S>¶Q> ~m°³g åhUyZ {hUdbo Om¶Mo VmoM Q>rìhr AmVm B§Q>o{bO§Q> ~m°³g Pmbm Amho. OJmV Am{U ^maVmV Ooìhm ho V§ÌkmZ ngaV hmoVo Voìhm {ejU, ‘m{hVr Am{U ‘Zmoa§OZ hoM Q>rìhrMo C{Ôð> Agë¶mMo OmUrdnyd©H$ gm§{JVbo Om¶Mo. AmO ¶m CÔoem§à‘mUo ho V§ÌkmZ dmnabo OmV Amho H$m ¶mMm emoY KoʶmMr JaO Amho. H$mimÀ¶m AmoKmV {ejU Am{U ‘m{hVr C{Ôð>o ‘mJo nS>br. ¶m VrZ C{Ôï>m§n¡H$s ‘Zmoa§OZ hoM gdm©V à‘wI C{Ôð> R>>aë¶mZoM ˶mà‘mUoM H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr AmIUr Ho$br OmD$ bmJbr. {d{eï> àojH$ S>moù¶mg‘moa R>oD$ZM H$m¶©H«$‘ V¶ma Ho$bo OmD$ bmJbo. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 50
‘{hbm Am{U bhmZ ‘wbm§Mo ‘mH}$Q> g‘moa R>oD$Z Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§Zr ~aoM ~Xb Ho$bo. Joë¶m H$mhr H$mimV VéUmB© hm AgmM EH$ Q>maJoQ>oS> àojH$dJ© Pmbm Amho. VéUm§À¶m gd©M H$m¶©H«$‘m§Zm Om{hamVtMmhr Mm§§JbmM nmqR>~m bm^V Agë¶mMm AZw^d Agë¶mZo Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§Zm VéUm§Mr XIb ¿¶mdrM bmJbr. ˶m‘wio dm{hݶm§darb H$m¶©H«$‘m§À¶m {df¶mnmgyZ gmXarH$aUmn¶©V Am‘ybmJ« ~Xb Pmbo. AWm©V Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘o åhQ>bo H$s àm‘w»¶mZo Q>rìhrM ZOaog‘moa ¶oV Agbm Var Joë¶m H$mhr H$mimV ¶mMr ì¶már IynM dmT>br Amho. XoemV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda dmT>bobr Eµ’$E‘ ñQ>oeÝg, do~ {garO, ¶y Q>çy~ M°Zoëg Am{U ˶mdarb {d{dYa§Jr H$m¶©H«$‘, ‘mo~mB©bdarb Joåg Am{U A°ßg Agm Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§Mm g§nyU© {diIm gܶm VéUmB©^modVr nS>bm Amho. ¶m gd© ‘mܶ‘m§Mm AmZ§X KoʶmgmR>r hmVmVrb Ho$di ñ‘mQ>© ’$moZ nwaogm Agë¶mZo ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mr bmoH${à¶Vm dmT>V Mmbbr Amho. {XdmUImݶmV Q>rìhrÀ¶m Imo³¶mg‘moa ~gyZ H$m¶©H«$‘ nhm¶bmM nm{hOo Ago Zmhr.qH$dm g§JUH$ Am{U b°nQ>m°nMr JaO Zmhr. ‘mo~mB©b‘wio Amnë¶mbm nm{hOo Voìhm nm{hOo Vmo H$m¶©H«$‘ AmnU Z§Va Ho$ìhmhr nmhÿ eH$Vmo ho AmVm VéUm§À¶m bjmV ¶oD$ bmJbo Amho. åhUyZM Joë¶m H$mhr H$mimV Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§Mm àgma dmT>bm Amho. n ¶wdH$m§gmR>r Img H$m¶©H«$‘ N>moQ>çm nS>ÚmMo ¶wdm{nT>rbm Img AmH$f©U dmQ>V Agë¶mMo bjmV Amë¶mZ§Va M°Zoëg OmUrdnyd©H$ ¶wdm{nT>rbm g‘moa R>oD$Z H$m¶©H«$‘ AmUy bmJbo. ~hþVoH$ dm{hݶm§darb g§JrVmÀ¶m ñnYm© ho ¶mMo CÎm‘ CXmhaU ‘mZmdo bmJob. ¶wdH$m§‘Yrb H$bmJwUm§Zm CÎmoOZ XoUmao Ago H$m¶©H«$‘ H$aVmZmM ¶wdH$m§Mr YmS>gmMr AmdS> bjmV KoD$Z Vem àH$maMo H$m¶©H«$‘hr ¶oD$ bmJbo. {d{dY [aA°{bQ>r emoO Va Img VéUm§gmR>rM ~Zdbo OmVmV.amoS>rO hm H$m¶©H«$‘ Jobr AZoH$ df} JmOV Amho Am{U {VV³¶mM CËgmhmV gwê$ Amho.
{’$Aa ’°$³Q>a Am{U IVam| Ho$ {IbmS>r ¶m [aA°{bQ>r emo‘Yrb gmhg Ñî¶ohr ¶wdH$m§Zm AmdS>VmV. åhUyZM ‘moR>çm nS>Úmdarb Aj¶Hw$‘ma, {à¶m§H$m Mmoàm ¶m§À¶mgmaIo A{^ZoVo Am{U amo{hV eoÅ>rgma»¶m {X½Xe©H$m§Zm hm H$m¶©H«$‘ hmoñQ> H$amdmgm dmQ>Vmo. naXoemV JmOboë¶m {~J ~«Xa ¶m [aA°{bQ>r emoMr ^maVr¶ Amd¥Îmr Agbobm {~J ~m°g hm H$m¶©H«$‘ Va VéUm§À¶m à{VgmXm‘wioM JmObm Amho. X~§J A{^ZoVm gb‘mZ ImZbm gbJ 7 {gPZ ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mMo gyÌg§MmbZ H$amdogo dmQ>Vo ¶mVM gmao H$mhr Ambo.^maVmVrb BVa àmXo{eH$ ^mfm§‘ܶohr {~J ~m°g bmoH${චPmbm Amho.Vm{‘iZmSy>V A{^ZoVm H$‘b hmgZ Am{U ‘amR>rV {X½Xe©H$ ‘hoe ‘m§OaoH$a hr ‘m{bH$m hmoñQ> H$arV AmhoV.‘amR>r {~J ~m°gMm n{hbm {gPZ JmOë¶mZ§Va AmVm Xþgam {gPZhr ¶wdm{nT>rÀ¶m ‘Zmoa§OZmgmR>r ¶oV Amho.dm{hZr joÌmV ZdrZ à¶moJ H$aUmè¶m Pr ‘amR>rZo {Xb XmoñVr Xþ{Z¶mXmar ¶m ‘m{bHo$À¶m énmZo VéUm§gmR>r ‘Zmoa§OZmMo AmUIr EH$ Xma CKS>bo hmoVo.VéUm§MoM doJio {df¶ KoCZ Ambobr hr ‘m{bH$m Q´>|S> go§Q>a R>abr. n ¶wdH$m§gmR>r dm{hZr Q>rìhr nhmUmè¶m àojH$m§‘ܶo ‘moR>m dmQ>m VéUm§Mm Amho ho bjmV Amë¶mZoM Pr ZoQ>dH©$Zo Img ¶wdH$m§gmR>r Pr ¶wdm hr Img dm{hZr gwê$ Ho$br.¶m dm{hZrda gd©M H$m¶©H«$‘ VéUm§Zm S>moù¶mg‘moa R>oD$Z V¶ma H$aʶmV Ambo AmhoV. VéUm§Zm AmdS>Umao {df¶, VéUmB©MrM ^mfm ho ¶m dm{hZrdarb H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mo d¡{eîQ>ç ‘mZmdo bmJob. BVa H$moU˶mhr ZoQ>dH©$Zo AÚmn Pr ¶wdmgmaIr dm{hZr gwê$ Ho$br Zgbr Var AmJm‘r H$mimV Ver e³¶Vm ZmH$maVm ¶oV Zmhr.^maVmVrb gdm©V ‘moR>o ZoQ>dH©$ Agboë¶m PrZo ‘amR>r‘ܶoM ’$º$ ¶wdm dm{hZr gwê$ Ho$br Amho ho {deoof ‘mZmdo bmJob.Varhr BVa ZoQ>dH©$hr OmUrdnyd©H$ VéUm§Zm S>moù¶mg‘moa R>oD$Z H$m¶©H«$‘ Am{U ‘m{bH$m§Mo {Z¶moOZ H$arV AmhoV hohr {dgaVm ¶oUma Zmhr. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 51
n AmH$medmUrbm gwJrMo {Xdg
Xÿa{MÌdmUr dm{hݶm§À¶m ‘m¶mOmbmV AmH$medmUrMo ‘mܶ‘ hadyZ OmB©b Ago dmQ>V hmoVo.H$mhr à‘mUmV Vo Iaohr R>abo.nU E’$E‘ ao{S>Amo ñQ>oeZMr g§ñH¥$Vr gwê$ Pmbr Am{U nwÝhm EH$Xm ao{S>Amobm gwJrMo {Xdg Ambo. gܶm XoemV AmH$medmUrMr åhUOoM gaH$mar 450 H|$Ðo H$m¶©aV AmhoV.Va XoemVrb {d{dY 101 ehamV 369 ImOJr H|$Ðo gwê$ AmhoV.ImOJr AmH$medmUr H|$Ðm§Zr OmUrdnyd©H$ VéU lmo˶m§ZmM bú¶ Ho$bo Amho.˶m‘wio ¶m H|$Ðm§darb H$m¶©H«$‘ g§nyU©nUo VéUmB©bm ^mdUmao AgVmV.à˶oH$mÀ¶m hmVmVrb ‘mo~mB©bda Am{U MmaMmH$s dmhZmVhr AmVm E’$E‘ ao{S>Amo Agë¶mZo Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘mMrhr VéUm§Zm ^wai nS>br Amho. VéUm§Zm AmdS>Umar qhJ{be Am{U q‘J{be ^mfm ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mV dmnaʶmV ¶oV Agë¶mZo AmH$medmUrMr bmoH${à¶Vm {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>VM Mmbbr Amho. n do~{garOMo doS> Joë¶m H$mhr dfm©V ñ‘mQ>©’$moZMm àMma Am{U àgma dmT>ë¶mZ§Va VihmVmV ‘mdmUmè¶m ¶m ’$moZMmM dmna Q>rìhrgmaIm hmoD$ bmJbm.{d{dY ‘mo~mB©d godm H§$nݶm§Zr B§Q>aZoQ>À¶m ñdñV ¶moOZm ~mOmamV AmUë¶mZo ‘mo~mB©bdaM Q>rìhrMm AmZ§X KoUo VéUmB©bm AmdSy> bmJbo Am{U hr H«o$P bjmV KoCZM ‘Zmoa§OZ joÌmVrb {X½JOm§Zr do~ {garO V¶ma Ho$ë¶m.goÝgm°aMo H$moUVohr ~§YZ Zgboë¶m Am{U go³g, qhgmMmamZo d Apíbb g§dmXmZo ~a~Q>boë¶m ¶m do~ {garOZm ‘moR>m àojH$ bm^bm.Á¶m‘ܶo ‘moR>r g§»¶m VéUm§MrM Amho. N>moQ>çm Am{U ‘moR>çm nS>Úmda JmObobo A{^ZoVo ¶m do~ {garO‘ܶo PiH$V Agë¶mZo ¶wdm{nT>rbm ¶mMo AmH$f©U dmQ>bo ZgVo VaM Zdb. g°H«$sS> Joåg ¶m JmOboë¶m do~ {garO‘ܶo g¡’$ Abr ImZ hmoVm. Vw’$mZ JmOboë¶m ¶m ‘m{bHo$Mm Xþgam ^mJhr AmVm ¶oV Amho.EH$Va do~ {garO H$‘r ^mJm§À¶m AgVmV Am{U gd©M ^mJ EH$X‘ AnbmoS> Ho$bobo AgVmV. ˶m‘wio ¶m ‘m{bH$m§Mm gbJ AmZ§X KoUo e³¶ hmoVo. hmVmV ‘mo~mB©b R>oD$Z Am{U H$mZmbm B¶a ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 52
’$moZ AS>H$dyZ ¶m ‘m{bH$m nhmUo hr AmVm VéUmB©Mr gd¶ Pmbr Amho.ZoQ>pâb³g,A°‘oPm°Z Aem naXoer ‘Zmoa§OZ H§$nݶm ˶m§Mo naXoer Amo[aOrZb emoOhr AnbmoS> H$arV Agë¶mZo VéUm§Zm ‘Zmoa§OZmMo XmaM Iwbo Pmbo Amho. n ^m{S>nmMr bmoH${à¶Vm hmVmVrb ’$moZ hmM gd©àH$maÀ¶m ‘Zmoa§OZmMm ^¸$‘ ßb°Q>’$m°‘© ~Zë¶mZo ¶y Q>çy~darb pìhS>rAmoO Am{U ¶y Q>çy~darb M°ZoëgMo H$m¶©H«$‘ hm EH$ VéUm§gmR>r AmH$f©UmMm q~Xÿ R>abm Amho.VéUm§À¶m à{VgmXm‘wio ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr bmoH${à¶Vm dmT>V Amho.¶mMo CÎm‘ CXmhaU åhUOo ^m{S>nm hm H$m¶©H«$‘,‘amR>r H$bmH$ma A‘o¶ dmK Am{U {ZnwU Y‘m©{YH$mar ¶m§Mm H$mpñQ>¨J H$mCM {dW A‘o¶ A±S> {ZnwU hm H$m¶©H«$‘ gܶm bmoH${à¶VoÀ¶m {eIamda Amho.H$mhrgm ~moëS> Am{U {~ZYmñV Aem ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mbm VéUm§À¶m {bñQ>da n{hbo ñWmZ Amho.¶y Q>çy~da Oo bmImo pìhS>rAmoO nS>V AgVmV ˶mn¡H$s ñQ>±S> An H$m°‘oS>r emobmhr VéUm§Mr ng§Vr AgVo. n Jo‘Mm {diIm AemàH$mao {d{dY Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘o VéUmB©Mo ‘Zmoa§OZ H$arV Agbr Var ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMr EH$ H$mir ~mOwhr Amho.‘mo~mB©darb Joåg Am{U A°nÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ VéUm§À¶m {deofV: {H$emoad¶rZ ‘wbm§À¶m hmVr ZH$mo Vo nS>V Amho.gܶm n~Or Jo‘À¶m {Z{‘ÎmmZo Or MMm© gwê$ Amho Vr ¶mMo CÎm‘ CXmhaU Amho. n~Or Jo‘À¶m ZmXr bmJyZ Amnbo X¡Z§{XZ ì¶dhma Am{U Aä¶mgmH$S>ohr Xþb©j H$aUmar hr {nT>r nm{hbr H$s V§ÌkmZmMo VmoQ>o g‘moa {Xgy bmJVmV. H$mhr ‘{hݶm§nydu ãby ìhob ¶m Jo‘Zohr AgmM Yw‘mHy$i KmVbm hmoVm.Jo‘ IoiUmè¶mbm AmË‘h˶m H$aʶmg ^mJ nmS>Umè¶m ¶m Jo‘Zo AZoH$m§Mr Am¶wî¶o CÜdñV Ho$br hmoVr.AWm©V V§ÌkmZmMm H$moUVmhr Xmof ZgVmo. ¶m V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$gm hmoVmo ¶mda gmao H$mhr Adb§~yZ AgVo.Aem àH$maÀ¶m Jo‘‘ܶo H$moR>o Wm§~m¶Mo ho H$ibo Zmhr Va AZoH$ J§^ra g‘ñ¶m CX^dy
eH$VmV. VhmZ^yH$ {dgéZ ‘mo~mB©bda n~Or Jo‘ IoiUmar VéUmB© nm{hbr H$s ˶m§Zm ¶mVyZ ~mhoa H$mT>ʶmgmR>r {H$Vr à¶ËZ H$amdo bmJVrb ¶mMrM qMVm ˶m§À¶m nmbH$m§Zm gVmdV AgVo.gaH$mabm ¶m Jo‘da ~§Xr KmbʶmMm {dMma H$amdm bmJbm, ¶mdê$ZM ¶m {df¶mMo Jm§^r¶© bjmV ¶oVo. AmJm‘r H$mimV Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘o A{YH$ à^mdembr hmoUma AmhoV.{deofV:do~ {garOÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ VéUmB©Mo ‘moR>o ‘mH}$Q> Vmã¶mV KoVbo OmʶmMo g§Ho$V AmhoV.XoemVrb ‘mo~mB©b H§$nݶm§Zr Amnbo B§Q>aZoQ>Mo Xa H$‘r Ho$bo Am{U amOH$maʶm§Zr ‘mo’$V dm¶’$m¶gmaIr Am{‘fo XmIdbr Va gܶmMo {MÌ A{YH$M ì¶mnH$ hmoV OmUma Amho.åhUyZM ¶m Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m JamS>çmV H$moR>o Wm§~m¶Mo ¶m~m~V à{ejU XoʶmMr doi Z{OH$À¶m H$mimV ¶oʶmMr e³¶Vm ZmH$maVm ¶oV Zmhr. n d¥Îmdm{hݶmhr ‘mJo ZmhrV VéUmB©bm gmX KmbʶmV XoemVrb d¥Îmdm{hݶmhr ‘mJo ZmhrV.‘Zmoa§OZ dm{hݶm§Zr VéUm§Zm S>moù¶mg‘moa R>oD$Z H$m¶©H«$‘ V¶ma H$aUo g‘OʶmgmaIo Amho.nU AmVm d¥Îmdm{hݶmhr Img ¶wdH$m§gmR>r ~mVå¶m§da AmYm[aV H$m¶©H«$‘ àgm[aV H$é bmJë¶m AmhoV. go³g,{ddmh,{bìh BZ [aboeZ{en Ago AZoH$ YmS>gr {df¶ AmVm d¥Îmdm{hݶmhr hmVmiy bmJë¶m AmhoV. à˶oH$ dm{hZrZo Amnbm {Xdgm^amVrb {H$‘mZ EH$ ñbm°Q> VéUmB©bm {Xbm Amho. amOH$s¶ {df¶mVrb nmob qH$dm MMm© ¶mgma»¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mV OmUrdnyd©H$ VéUm§Zm gh^mJr H$éZ KoVbo OmVo.AZoH$ d¥Îmdm{hݶm§darb ór AWdm nwéf {ZdoXH$m§Zm EImÚm A{^Zo˶mEdT>r bmoH${à¶Vm {‘iV Amho,˶mMo H$maUhr VéUm§Mm à{VgmX hoM Amho. mmm
‘amR>r dmL²>‘¶ {dídmV gdm©V àW‘ V¶ma Pmbobr lr{Zd¥{ÎmZmW, kmZXod, gmonmZXod, ‘w³VmB© d Mm§JXod ¶m g§Vm§Mo 1703 A^§J gmW© JmWoghrV {dÚmdmMñnVr
S>m°. gm¡. AZwamYm gwYra Hw$bH$Uu I§S> … 1 Vo 3 ‘yi qH$‘V …
é. 1500/gdbV qH$‘V …
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‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 53
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 2
àgma ‘mܶ‘o Am{U ~mbOJV EH$ZmW AmìhmS> ~mbgm{hp˶H$
A
brH$S>o àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Mm OZ‘mZgmda O~aXñV nJS>m Agë¶mMo {MÌ gd©Ì {XgyZ ¶oVo. ¶m àgma ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ghO CnbãYVo‘wio bhmZ ‘wbogwÕm ˶mÀ¶m à^mdmnmgyZ gwQ>bobr ZmhrV. ¶m ‘w{ÐV, BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ d Am°ZbmBZ ‘mܶ‘m§‘wio OJ Iyn Odi Ambo AgyZ ¶mVrb ñnYm©, JVr, {d{dYVm Am{U ZmdrݶmZo AmOMr ‘wb§ {Xdg|{Xdg CËgwH$Vm, Hw$VyhbmnmoQ>r ¶m àgma ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m A{YH$m{YH$ Odi OmV AmhoV. ¶m àgma ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ghdmgmV Vo VmgZVmg a‘VmZm {XgV AmhoV. ho Am^mgr {díd ˶m§Zm hd§hd§g§ dmQy> bmJV§. àgma ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ¶m dmT>˶m à^mdm‘wio Am{U A{VaoH$s dmnam‘wio ‘wbm§À¶m ‘ZmMm Vm~m hr ‘mܶ‘§ ghO KoVmV.Aemdoir ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m A{Vdmnam‘wio Og§ ‘moR>çm§M§ Am¶wî¶ T>diyZ {ZKmë¶mMr {H$VrVar CXmhaUo Amnë¶m nmhmʶmV, dmMʶmV ¶oVmV. VgoM ~mbOJVmdagwÕm ¶m àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Mo XÿaJm‘r Pmbobo Bï>-A{Zï> n[aUm‘ Amnë¶mbm {XgyZ ¶oVmV. ˶mMr {H$VrVar ~mobH$s CXmhaU§ AmnU AmOy~mOybm nmhV AgVmo, d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ dmMV AgVmo. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 54
EH$ ~mV‘r Aer H$s, {Oëhm n[afXoÀ¶m emioVrb ‘wb§ XÿaÀ¶m gmVmg‘wÐmnbrH$S>ë¶m XoemVrb ‘wbm§er ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ‘XVrZo {ejU {df¶H$ g§dmX gmYVmV. Va Xþgar ~mV‘r Aer H$s, AmB©-~m~m§Zr ‘mo~mB©b {dH$V KoD$Z {Xbm Zmhr åhUyZ ‘wbrZo AmË‘h˶m Ho$br. XmoÝhr ~mVå¶m XmoZ Q>moH$mÀ¶m. ‘mo~mB©b ‘wbrbm Ordmnojm A{YH$ {චPmbobm {XgVmo, ho Ho$dT>§ ^¶mdh dmñVd. g‘mOmVrb, ~mbOJVmVrb ho {dXmaH$ g˶ Amnë¶mbm ZmH$mê$Z MmbUma Zmhr. ¶m àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Vrb ‘w{ÐV ¶m ‘mܶ‘àH$mamMm, qàQ> ‘r{S>¶mMm ~mbOJVmda hmoUmam n[aUm‘ ¶oWo AmnU A{YH$ {dMmamV KoD$. Ia§Va, ‘wbm§À¶m g‘Vmob emar[aH$ dmT>rgmR>r Oer gH$g, Amamo½¶nyU© AÞmMr JaO AgVo VerM ˶mÀ¶m ^md{ZH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mgmgmR>r CÎm‘ ~mbgm{h˶mMr JaO AgVo. åhUyZM CÎm‘ ~mbgm{h˶ ‘wbm§À¶m hmVr dmMʶmgmR>r XoU§ ho nmbH$m§M§ na‘ H$V©ì¶ Amho. nU CÎm‘ ~mbgm{h˶ Hw$Umbm åhUmd§ hoM AZoH$ nmbH$m§Zm R>mD$H$ ZgVo. Vo OmUyZ Koʶmg AmOÀ¶m nmbH$m§H$S>o gdS> ZgVo, Am{U AmdS>hr ZgVo. ˶m~m~V H$‘mbrMr CXmgrZVm ‘mÌ AgVo. JwiJwirV H$mJX, a§Ja§JmoQ>r, {MÌm§Mm ^{S>‘ma Ho$bobr nwñVH§$ åhUOo CÎm‘ ~mbgm{h˶mMr nwñVH§$ Agm H$mhr nmbH$m§Mm J¡ag‘O Pmbobm AmnU nmhVmo.nU Ia§M H$embm åhUmd§ CÎm‘ ~mbgm{h˶, ho nmbH$m§Zr g‘OyZ KoUo, ’$ma ‘hÎdmMo Amho.' Oo ~mbgm{h˶ ‘mZdr ì¶dhma d ‘mZdoVa g¥ï>r{df¶r ‘wbm§Mr {OkmgmnyVu H$aVo. H$ënZmaå¶ d M‘ËH¥${VOݶ dmVmdaUmZo ‘wbm§Mo ‘Zmoa§OZ H$aVo. VgoM ‘wbm§‘ܶo Mm§Jë¶m-dmB©Q>mMr OmU {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z ˶m§Mo ì¶{º$‘Îd gwg§nÞ H$aʶmg ghmæ¶^yV R>aVo, Vo gm{h˶ CÎm‘ ~mbgm{h˶ Amho, Ago ‘bm dmQ>Vo. Ago ~mbgm{h˶ AmOÀ¶m ‘wbm§gmR>r åhU{dUmè¶m nwñVH$m§À¶m JamS>çmV AndmXmË‘H$, H$‘rM AmT>iVo. ~mbgm{h˶mÀ¶m nwñVH$m§V JÚ d nÚ ho XmoZ ‘w»¶ àH$ma AmT>iVmV. JÚ {d^mJmV H$Wm,H$mX§~ar, ZmQ>H$,
M[aÌ, boI, {Z~§Y, àdmgdU©Z, nÌo ¶m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. Va nÚ {d^mJmV H${dVm, JrVo, g§Jr{VH$m, H$mì¶H$moS>r B˶mXr àH$ma AmT>iVmV. AmOÀ¶m KS>rbm JÚ {d^mJmnojm nÚ {d^mJmVrb nwñVH$m§Mr g§»¶m VwbZoZo A{YH$ Agë¶mMo {XgyZ ¶oVo. H$maU H${dVm {b{hU§ ho H$Wm {b{hʶmnojm gmonr Jmoï> Amho Agm J¡ag‘O ~amM àM{bV Amho. nU ~mbH${dVm {b{hU§ ho H$moardH$m‘ Zmhr. Vr EH$ ghO gw§Xa g¥OZ à{H$¶m Amho, ho ܶmZmV ¶m¶bm hdo. ~mbH${dVobm H$WogmaIrM gwédmV, ‘ܶ Am{U eodQ> AgVmo ho Va H$mhtZm R>mD$H$hr ZgV§. Og§ n{hb§ H$S>d§ Vg§M eodQ>M§. ZwgV§ ¶‘H$ OwidʶmMr H$gaV ˶m H${dVoV {XgyZ ¶oVo. H${dVm hr H$m¶©emioVyZ {eH$Vm ¶oV Zmhr. ˶mM§ V§Ì, ‘m§S>Ur {eH$Vm ¶oVo.H${dVm hr AmVyZ ’w$byZ ¶oVo. h„r ‘wbm§M§ bj nwñVH$mZo doYyZ KoʶmgmR>r ZH$mo Vo ’§$S>o àH$meH$mH$Sy>Z dmnabo OmVmV. ‘wbm§Zm hmVmim¶bm H$R>rU OmVrb Ago nwñVH$m§Mo ‘moÇ>mbo AmH$ma, ZoQ>daMrM H${dVobm {MQ>H$dbobr ao{S>‘oS> ‘moR>‘moR>mbr {M̧, ’$moa H$baÀ¶m ZmdmImbr nwñVH$mV Ajae… AmoVbobo {d{dY a§J. Am{U Á¶m§M§ a§Jg§JVrer H$mhrM XoU§KoU§ Zmhr AemàH$mao a§Jm§Mr dmao‘mn CYiU H$aUmar d AmVrb Ame¶mbm ’$mag§ ‘hÎd Z XoUmar nwñVH§$ Amnb§ ñdËd hadyZ ‘wbm§À¶m ^oQ>rbm ¶oVmZm {XgVmV. Aer nwñVH§$ ‘wbm§Mr A{^ê$Mr H$er dmT>dVrb? dmMZmZ§X H$gm XoVrb ? hmM ‘moR>m ¶j àý Amho. qàQ> ‘r{S>¶m‘ܶo ‘wbm§Mm d¶moJQ>, ˶m d¶moJQ>mM§ ^md{dœ, ˶mZwgma nwñVH$m§Mr ^mfm, {df¶, Ame¶, ‘w{ÐVemoYZ ¶m§Mm AmOhr ’$magm Jm§^r¶m©Zo {dMma Ho$bm OmV Zmhr, ho XþX£dmZo gm§Jmdogo dmQ>Vo. ~mbgm{h˶mÀ¶m ZmdmImbr H$mhrhr Indb§ OmV§. nwñVH$ OodT>§ boIH$mM§ VodT>§M Vo àH$meH$mM§hr AgV§, hm {dMma A{YH$ Mm§Jë¶màH$mao Imobda éOm¶bm hdm. åhUOo ~mbgm{h˶mVrb C{Udm§da {‘iyZ ‘mJ© H$mT>bm OmB©b. nU AmO ~mbgm{h˶mbm àH$meH$ ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 55
{‘iUoM ‘moR>o H$R>rU H$m‘ Pmbo Amho. H${dVoM§ nwñVH$ H$mT>m¶bm Va M¸$ ZmhrM åhUVmV H$mhr àH$meH$. Am{U a§JrVg§JrV nwñVH§$ ‘wbm§gmR>r Aën {H$‘VrV H$mT>U§ AmOÀ¶m n[apñWVrV XþamnmñVhr hmoD$Z ~gbob§ Amho. Var hmVmÀ¶m ~moQ>mda ‘moOʶmBVHo$ àH$meH$ hr OmoIr‘ CMbyZ ‘wbm§Zm éMob,nMob,˶m§À¶m ‘Zmbm ^mdob Aer nwñVH§$ H$mT>VmZm {XgVmV.nU hr g§»¶m IynM Aënñdën Amho. AmOÀ¶m ~mbgm{h˶mV ~mbgm{h˶mMo ‘w»¶ à¶moOZ ‘Zmoa§OZ, kmZ{dñVma Am{U AmZ§X{Z{‘©Vr hoM Amho ....¶mMm {dgaM nS>bobm {XgVmo. ¶m à¶moOZmbmM ~Jb XoD$Z CnXoemMo S>mog nmOVmZm AmOM§ ~a§Mg§ gm{h˶ Amnë¶m g‘moa ¶oV§. H$Wobm VmËn¶© Úm Ag§ åhUV§. Ia§Va Jmoï> EH$ Agbr Var VmËn¶© ‘wbmJ{UH$ ~Xby eH$VmV, hoM AZoH$m§Zm ‘mݶ ZgV§. à˶oH$ ‘yb ñdV§Ì {dMmaeº$s KoD$Z OÝ‘mbm Ambob§ Amho, ho {dgê$Z H$go Mmbob. ~mbgm{h˶mMr ‘hÎdmMr Mma d¡{eï²>¶ohr ~mbgm{h˶H$mamZo OmUyZ ¿¶m¶bm hdrV. ¶mMm {dMma ~mbgm{h˶ {b{hVmZm àmYmݶmZo OodT>m ìhm¶bm hdm VodT>m AmOÀ¶m KS>rbm hmoVmZm {XgV Zmhr. 1) H$ënZm{ebVm-H$ënZmaå¶ dmVmdaU åhUOo ~mbgm{h˶mMm OUy àmUM, Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. 2) AVm{H©$H$Vm-AdmñVd Jmoï>tMr OmUrdnyd©H$ dmñVdmà‘mUo Ho$bobr ‘m§S>Ur. ~m¡{ÕH$ VH©$na§naobm ‘moS>Umar Jmoï>. 3)AZZw‘o¶Vm- CËH§$R>m dmT>dʶmgmR>r AZw‘mZ Z H$aVm ¶oUmè¶m Jmoï>tMr {Z{‘©Vr. 4) ~mb‘mZg g§~ÕVm- ‘wbm§À¶m ^mdZm§er EH$ê$n hmoD$Z, ~mb‘ZmMr JwUY‘© bjmV KoD$Z {b{hʶmMr j‘Vm. ¶m Mma ~mbgm{h˶mÀ¶m ‘hÎdnyU© d¡{eï²>¶m§Mm A§JrH$ma H$éZ ~mbgm{h˶ {b{hVmZm ~mb‘ZmÀ¶m JwUY‘mªMmhr {dMma hmoU§ {VVH§$M JaOoM§ Amho, Ag§ ‘bm dmQ>V§. Zmdrݶ{à¶Vm, ‘mZdrH$aU, {Okmgm, AZwH$aU{à¶Vm, H¥${VàYmZVm, AX²^yVmMr AmdS>, {dZmoX{à¶Vm, g§Kf©{à¶Vm, ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 56
gyú‘mdbmoH$Zj‘Vm, CËH$Q>Vm Am{U {Zanoj ào‘^md øm ~mb‘ZmÀ¶m JwUY‘mªZr ¶wº$ Ag§ ~mbgm{h˶ ‘wbm§Zm dmMm¶bm {‘iU§ hr ˶m§À¶mgmR>r EH$ nd©UrM AgUma Amho. nU h„r ~mbgm{h˶mÀ¶m nwñVH$m§V JwUmË‘H$Vonojm g§»¶mË‘H$ dmT>M OmñV Pmbobr AmT>iVo. d¥ÎmnÌmVrb AmR>dS>çmbm {ZKUmè¶m a{ddmaÀ¶m nwadʶm§‘ܶo ‘mÌ AmOhr ~mbH$m§gmR>r h¸$mMo nmZ amIyZ R>odbobo {XgVo. bmoH$gÎmm‘Yrb ~mb‘¡’$b, gm‘Zm ‘Yrb ~mbY‘mb, gH$miMr ~mb{‘Ì nyadUr, ‘hmamï´> Q>mBåg ‘Yrb Prn P°n Py‘, Zde{º$‘Yrb Y‘mb, àhma‘Yrb {H$b{~b, Ho$gar‘Yrb N>mdm ¶m nmZm§‘YyZ ‘wbm§gmR>r kmZ, {dkmZ Am{U a§OZna ^anoQ> ‘OHy$a AgVmo. AZoH$Xm {b{h˶m {M‘wH$ë¶m hmVm§Zmhr ¶m nwadʶm§‘ܶo g§Yr {Xbr OmVo, ho {deof. ¶m nwadʶm§‘Yrb ‘OHy$a AmR>dS>m^a ‘wb§ nadyZ nwadyZ dmMVmV. H$mÌUg§J«h H$aVmV.{MH$Q>dhrV nonamVbr Jmoï>, H${dVm, {dZmoX, H$moS>r {MH$Q>dVmV. ho AZoH$Xm ‘r nm{hb§¶. H$mhr dV©‘mZņ ‘wbm§Mr {Xdmir, CÝhmù¶mMr ‘moR>r gwÅ>r ~amo~a H°$M H$aVmV. ‘wbm§Mr hr gwÅ>r dmMZr¶, AmZ§XXm¶r H$aʶmgmR>r ˶m§Mr gwÅ>rg§non¶ªV amoOM ZdZdrZ H$Wm, H${dVm,‘m{hVrMr ‘oOdmZr Vo XoV AgVmV. hr àgma ‘mܶ‘mVrb O‘oMrM ~mOy Amho. bmoH$‘V ‘Yrb "gwÅ>r ao gwÅ>r' ho nmZ ‘wbm§Mo gwÅ>rV bmS>Ho$ Pmbo. AmOÀ¶m KS>rbm ‘wbm§À¶m ‘ZmMm,˶m§À¶m AmdS>r{ZdS>rMm AmOMr dV©‘mZnÌ {dMma H$aVmV, ho ˶m§Zr à{gÕ Ho$boë¶m gXam§VyZ {XgyZ ¶oVo. h„r ‘wbm§Zr H$mT>bobr {MÌo ~mb{d^mJmV à{gÕ H$aʶmMm ‘mJ©hr ~aoM d¥ÎmnÌ AZwgaVmV. ‘wbm§Mr H$mhr ‘m{gH§$ AZoH$ dfmªnmgyZ AmOVmJm¶V {Zð>oZo gwê$ AmhoV. {H$emoa ho nmR>çnwñVH$ ‘§S>im‘m’©$V {ZKUmao ‘m{gH$ AZoH$ emim§‘ܶo h‘Img nmhm¶bm {‘iVo. øm ‘m{gH$m§Mo d¡{eï²>¶o åhUOo CÎm‘ gm{hp˶H$ ‘yë¶ Am{U qH$‘V A{Ve¶ H$‘r, Vr åhUOo AdKr gmV én¶o. AmH$mamZo Am{U JwUmZo ‘moR>o Am{U {H$‘VrZo
N>moQ>o, Ago ho bhmZWmoam§Mo AmdS>Vo à¶moJerb {H$emoa ‘m{gH$. VgoM ZmJnyahÿZ {ZKUmao AmOmo~m, dS>rb Am{U AmVm ‘wbJm O¶§V ‘moS>H$ Aer {Vgar {nT>r MmbdV AgUmao OwZoOmUVo ~mb‘m{gH$ åhUOoM "‘wbm§Mo ‘m{gH$'. H$Wm, H${dVm, boI, {dZmoX Agm ^aJƒ ImD$ hm A§H$ ‘wbm§Zm à˶oH$ ‘{hݶmV XoV AgVmo. Hw$‘ma ‘wbm§gmR>r AgUmao "N>mÌ à~moYZ' ho ‘m{gH$hr XO}Xma, gH$g gm{h˶mZo ZQ>bobo nmhm¶bm {‘iVo. "d¶‘²' ho ‘wbm§gmR>r AgUmao ‘m{gH$gwÕm ˶mVrb AZoH$ ‘hÎdnyU© CnH«$‘m§‘wio ‘wbm§À¶m ‘ZmMm R>md KoVo. "H$Wm‘mbm', "~mb{dH$mg ‘§{Xa', "N>moQy>', "{Z‘©i amZdmam' hr ‘m{gH§$hr ‘wbm§M§ ‘Zmoa§OZ H$aʶmgmR>r ‘Z…nyd©H$ YS>nS> H$aVmZm {XgyZ ¶oVmV. M§nH$, Mm§Xmo~mMr OmXÿ AmOhr H$‘r Pmbobr {XgV ZmhrV. amOmnyahÿZ {ZKUmao Ì¡‘m{gH$ "IoiJS>r' hohr ‘wbm§À¶m A{Ve¶ AmdS>rMo Agë¶mMo {XgyZ ¶oVo. ‘wbm§À¶m A§H$m§Zm Om{hamVr ’$maem {‘iV ZmhrV. dJ©Urhr ‘wbm§gmR>r H$‘r R>odmdr bmJVo. ¶m‘wio AZoH$ ~mb‘m{gHo$ Am{W©H$ H$MmQ>çmV gmnSy>Z ~§X Pmbobr AmhoV.AmZ§X, R>H$R>H$, Hw$‘ma, ~mb{‘Ì, Q>m°{ZH$, JmoHw$i hr ‘m{gHo$ H$mimÀ¶m àdmhmV ~§X nS>br. ‘wbmgm§R>r {ZKUmao dm{f©H$ A§H$ Ogo J§‘V O§‘V, ~mba§OZ, ’w$bnmIê$, Moar b±S>, N>moQ>çm§Mm AmdmO, N>mdm, VgoM ‘moR>çm§À¶m dm{f©H$ A§H$mV ‘wbm§gmR>r amIyZ R>odbbobr H$mhr nmZ§ AmOhr nmhm¶bm {‘iVmV. M¡Ìo¶, gm‘Zm, bmoH$g§dmX ¶m§gma»¶m ‘moR>çm§À¶m A§H$mV AmdOy©Z ~mb{d^mJ S>moH$mdVmZm {XgVmo. EHy$UM H$m¶, àgma ‘mܶ‘ ho A{Ve¶ à^mdr ‘mܶ‘ Amho. gܶmM§ ¶wJ ho Om{hamVrM§ ¶wJ Amho Ag§ AmnU ‘mZVmo. ˶m‘wio dñVyMr, Ho$boë¶m H$m‘mMr Om{hamV H$aʶmMo ì¶gZ OS>m¶bm doi bmJV Zmhr. ‘J Amnbr nmoñQ> Hw$Ur Hw$Ur nm{hbr, {H$Vr bmBH$ {‘imë¶m, Hw$Ur Hw$Ur H$‘|Q> Ho$ë¶m ¶mMr MT>mAmoT> gwê$ hmoVo. ‘mUyg ‘J ¶mV Jwa’$Q>V OmVmo. ‘wbm§À¶m ~m~VrVhr Ag§M hmoV§. h„r OodVmZm Q>rìhr, ‘mo~mB©b
bmJVmo ‘wbm§Zm. ˶m{edm¶ OodUma Zmhr hr Y‘H$s AgVo ˶m§Mr AmB©bm. H$mQw>©Z nmhV Va VmgZVmg Q>rìhrH$S>o S>moio bmdyZ ˶m§Mr g‘mYr ~gbobr AgVo . H$m¡VwH$mZ§ nmbH$m§Zr ‘wbm§Zr H$emV Var Z§~a H$mT>bm H$s ‘wbm§Zm ‘mo~mB©b KoD$Z XoU§,˶mV ZoQ> n°H$ Q>mHy$Z XoU§ , ’o$g~wH$da ˶m§M§ AH$mC§Q> CKSy>Z XoU§, Ag§ Mmbdbob§ AgV§. ho Hw$R>§Var Wm§~b§ nm{hOo. àgma ‘mܶ‘ ho XþYmar eómgmaIo Amho. ˶mMo Ogo Mm§Jbo VgoM dmB©Q>hr n[aUm‘ AmhoV, ¶mMr OmUrd nmbH$m§Zm Agm¶bm hdr.‘wb§ ‘mo~mBbda H$m¶ nmhVmV, H$moU˶m gmBQ>da A{YH$doi AgVmV, ¶mda nmbH$m§M§ bj Agm¶bm hd§. g§JUH$mda B©-~wŠg, Am°{S>Amo ~wŠg, Am°ZbmBZ dmMʶmgmR>r e¡j{UH$ nwñVHo$ ¶mMr ‘wbm§Zm nmbH$m§Zr AmoiI H$éZ {Xbr nm{hOo. AZoH$ d¥ÎmnÌ, {H$emoagmaIr Mm§Jbr ~mb‘m{gH§$ Bnona, nr{S>’$ ’$mBb ñdê$nmV dmMm¶bm CnbãY AgVmV. ¶m {dídmVyZ ‘wbm§Zm gmo~V KoD$Z ’o$a’$Q>H$m ‘mê$Z AmUbm nm{hOo. Ag§ Agb§ Var nwñVH$m§VyZ, Aja dmL²>‘¶mVyZ hmoUmam g§ñH$ma hm {MaH$mb {Q>H$Umam AgVmo. AZoH$ ‘m{gH§$ ‘wbm§M§ gm{h˶ gam©g à{gÕ H$aVmV. ‘wbm§Zm, nmbH$m§Zm ~a§ dmQ>md§ hmhr EH$ hoVy AgVmoM. na§Vw N>mÌà~moYZ gmaIo ‘m{gH$ dfm©Vbm EH$ A§H$ ‘wbm§daM gmondyZ XoVmV. ‘wb§M g§nmXH$, ‘wb§M {MÌH$ma, Am{U ‘wb§M boIH$, H$dr. g~Hw$N> ‘wb§M.˶m A§H$mV ‘moR>çm§Mr bwS>~yS> ZgVo. hm EH$ à¶moJM Amho. ‘wb§ EH$Ì ¶oD$Z gd© {‘iyZ EH$ A§H$ V¶ma H$aVmV, ho d¡{eï²>¶nyU© Amho. VgoM "ì¶mg {H«$EeÝg'Zo H$mT>bobr ~mbgm{h˶mMr 200 hÿZ A{YH$ nwñVH$m§Mr noQ>r emimemim§VyZ Amnë¶mbm ^oQ>Vo. nwñVH$noQ>rMr hr H$ënZmhr AmJirdoJirM Am{U A{^Zd Amho . S>m°. {dO¶m dmS> ¶m§Zr g§nm{XV Ho$bobo ~mbH$moe hohr ~mbgm{h˶mV ‘hÎdnyU© ^a KmbVmV. ¶m‘ܶo nmbH$m§Zr ‘wbm§Zm dmMyZ XmIdʶmgmR>r amoO EH$ Jmoï> Am{U amoO EH$ H${dVm, Aem 365 Jmoï>r Am{U H${dVm df©^a nwaVrb Agm gmR>m ¶m H$Wm Am{U H${dVm H$moemV Amho. {H$emoaMo ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 57
{d{dY ~mbgm{h˶ àH$mamVrb {H$emoa I§§S>hr A{Ve¶ dmMZr¶, g§J«hUr¶ AgoM AmhoV. ‘wbm§À¶mM Jmoï>r, H${dVm§Mr g§nm{XV Ho$bobr nwñVHo$hr h„r ~mOmamV {XgyZ ¶oVmV.Ago {d{dY àH$maMo à¶moJ ~mbgm{h˶mV AmUIr ‘moR>çmà‘mUmV ìhm¶bm hdo, Ago àH$fm©Zo dmQ>Vo. AmO ~mbgm{h˶mbm gd©M {R>H$mUr Xþ涑 ñWmZ {Xb§ OmV§. ‘J Vo gm{h˶ g§ñWm§Mo nwañH$ma AgVrb ZmhrVa emgH$s¶ gm{h˶ nwañH$ma. ‘moR>çm§gmR>r AZoH$ gm{hp˶H$ H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr aobMob {XgVo.nU ˶m‘mZmZo ~mbgm{h˶mda IynM VwaiH$ H$m¶©H«$‘, CnH«$‘ hmoVmZm {XgVmV. gmon§ {b{hU§ hr Iyn H$R>rU Jmoï> Amho. ¶mMr Va AZoH$m§Zm OmUrdM ZgVo. ‘wbm§Zm J¥hrV Yê$Z ZH$mo Vo gm{h˶ ‘wbm§À¶m Jir CVadb§ OmV§. AZwdm{XV
~mbgm{h˶hr ‘moR>çm g§»¶oZo nwT>o ¶oV Zmhr. ZdrZdrZ {df¶mbm JdgUr KmbVmZm {XgV Zmhr. AmOM§ ~mbgm{h˶ Am{U ~mbgm{h˶mdarb {d{dY nñVH§$ ¶m§À¶m narjUm§Zm AZoH$Xm dV©‘mZnÌmV N>moQ>mgm H$monam {Xbm OmVmo. ~mbgm{h˶mda Zo‘Ho$nUmZo Am{U Jm§^r¶m©Zo g‘rjU hmoVmZm AmOhr ’$mago AmT>iyZ ¶oV Zmhr. ‘bm dmQ>V§, àgma ‘mܶ‘m§ZrM AmOÀ¶m ~mbgm{h˶mda hmoUmar hr AmoaS> Wm§~ʶmgmR>r nwT>o ¶m¶bm hdo. Am{U g‘mOmZohr ‘wbm§À¶m gdmªJrU {dH$mgmgmR>rÀ¶m H¥$Vrbm àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Mr AW©nyU© OmoS> Úm¶bm hdr. Ago S>moig à¶ËZ Pmbo Va àgma‘‘mܶ‘§ ~mbOJVmgmR>r Iè¶m AWm©Zo daXmZ R>aVrb.
mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 58
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 2
‘emb H$s H$mo{bV? S>m°. AÛ¡V nmܶo
ghH$m¶©H$mar g§nmXH$ - gmám{hH$ "{ddoH$'
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ܶ‘! ‘mܶ‘ åhUOo H$m¶? Va Amnë¶m {dMmam§Mo, ^md ^mdZm§Mo àH$Q>rH$aUM Zìho Va gmXarH$aU H$aUo Á¶mÛmao hmoVo Vo ‘mܶ‘. AmÎmm ‘rgwÕm ‘mPo {dMma ¶m boImÛmao gmXa H$aV Amho d Vmo boI A‘wH$ A‘wH$ à{gÕ H$aV Amho åhUOo Vo Oo Amho Vo ‘mܶ‘! ho Oo ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda AZoH$ bmoH$m§n¶ªV nmoMm¶bm ‘XV H$aVo Vo ‘mg {‘{S>¶m qH$dm OZ‘mܶ‘! ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 59
nwamVZ J«rH$ g§ñH¥$VrV a§J‘§Mmda Aer ZmQ>ç gmXarH$aU ìhm¶Mr. 868 p¼ñVnyd© gmbmV MrZ‘ܶo S>m¶‘§S> gyÌ åhUyZ n{hbo nwñVH$ N>mnyZ à{gÕ H$aʶmV Ambo. ^maVmVhr nwamVZ H$mimV H$bm-ZmQ>çH$bm, hñVH$boMo gmXarH$aU ìhm¶MrM. AZoH$Xm amOml¶mZo nwT>o 1041 ‘ܶo hmbMmb H$aUmao ‘mVrMo N>nmB©¶§Ì MrZ‘ܶo ~Zdbo Jobo. B.g. 1400 ‘ܶo ¶wamonmV N>nmB© gwê$ Pmbr. N>mnbobo AZoH$ OU Iyn H$mi dmMy eH$m¶Mo. VoìhmnmgyZ N>nmB© ‘mܶ‘ ho OZ‘mܶ‘ ‘mg {‘{S>¶m åhUyZ AmoiIbo OmD$ bmJbo. nwT>o 1453 ‘ܶo OmohmÝg JwQ>oZ~J©Zo N>nmB©¶§ÌmMo g§emoYZ Ho$bo Á¶m‘wio EH$mdoiog AZoH$ nwñVHo$/àVr N>mnVm ¶oD$ bmJë¶m.nwT>o 1800 ‘ܶo X Q>mB©åg ZmdmMo n{hbo d¥ÎmnÌ gwê$ Pmbo. 1920 n¶ªV ’$ŠV N>nmB© ‘mܶ‘m§ZmM ‘mg {‘{S>¶m åhQ>bo Om¶Mo. na§Vw nwT>o {gZo‘m, Q>r>ìhr Am{U {dgmì¶m eVH$mÀ¶m AIoarg Am§VaOmb Am{U AmVm g‘mO‘mܶ‘o gd©M ¶m ‘mg{‘{S>¶m‘ܶo ‘moS>VmV. ˶m‘wio ‘mܶ‘m§Zm g‘mOmda H$gm n[aUm‘ hmoVmo ¶mMmhr Aä¶mg Pmbm Amho. 1940-50 À¶m Xaå¶mZ ¶mg§~YmV Omo Aä¶mg Ho$bm. ˶mà‘mUo bmoH$ ˶m§À¶m {dMmamà‘mUo ‘mܶ‘m§Mr {ZdS> H$aVmV. ˶mnwT>o ‘mܶ‘m§Mm à^md ‘¶m©{XV AgVmo Ago {Xgbo. Va Z§Va Agohr AmT>iyZ Ambo H$s ‘mܶ‘o {Z¶§{ÌV H$aUmè¶m Cƒ^«y Aëng§»¶ bmoH$m§MoM {dMma d Ñ[ï>H$moZ àH$Q> Ho$bo OmVmV. Va H$Xm{MV n{hë¶m Aä¶mgmÀ¶m doir ’$ŠV d¥ÎmnÌo, nwñVHo$M OZ‘mܶ‘o Agë¶m‘wio Vgm AZw^d Ambm Agob. Z§Va {gZo‘m, ao{S>Amo, Q>rìhr hr nU ~amM H$mi Cƒ^«y§Mr ‘ŠVoXmar Agë¶m‘wio Vgm AZw^d Xþgè¶m Aä¶mgmV Ambm Agob. 1980-90 ‘ܶo Omo Aä¶mg H$aʶmV Ambm ˶mMo {ZîH$f© darb XmoÝhr§Mo EH${ÌH$aUM hmoVo OUy! Amnbo {dMma à^m{dV H$aʶm‘mJo dmMH$, lmo˶m§À¶m, àojH$m§À¶m Ñ[ï>H$moZm§Mm, {dMmam§Mm hmV AgVmo Am{U H$mhr {d{eï> H§$nݶmM OdiOdi 95 Q>ŠHo$ ‘mg {‘{S>¶mda à^wËd JmOdVmV. ˶m‘wio ¶m ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 60
H§$nݶm§H$Sy>Z gmV˶mZo H$aʶmV ¶oUmè¶m Om{hamVr d ànmoJ§S>mMm bmoH$m§À¶m H«$¶ {Z{üVrda n[aUm‘ hmoVM AgVmo. ˶m‘wio hr eŠVr ¶mo½¶àH$mao dmnabr Va Mm§Jbo n[aUm‘ g‘mOmda hmoVmV Va A¶mo½¶ nÕVrZo dmnabr Va dmB©Q> n[aUm‘ hmoVmV d ‘wbo {deofH$ê$Z OmñV à^m{dV hmoVmV. AmnU gܶmMm {dMma Ho$bm Va ‘wbo OÝ‘V…M {‘{S>¶mbm gm‘moar OmVmV. AmB©À¶m CXamVyZ ~mhoa Amë¶m~amo~a ˶m ZdOmV A^©H$mMo ’$moQ>mo H$mT>bo OmD$Z Vo jUmYm©V àgm[aV hmoVmV, AJXr gmVm g‘wÐmnbrH$S>o. Z§Va ˶mbm Oody-Imdy Kmbm¶bm nU ‘mo~mB©b/Am¶ n°S>da {d{dY H$mQy>©Ýg/JmUr bmdbr OmVmV. ZdOmV AdñWoV KamV Q>rìhr nU MmbyM AgVmo. hiyhiy ˶mVrb Jmʶm§Mm Vmb Yê$ bmJVo, hiyhiy ZmMy bmJVo qH$dm Vgm A{^Z¶ H$ê$ bmJVo. AJXr hþ~ohÿ~ ˶mMo Amnë¶mH$Sy>Z H$m¡VwH$ AJXr ìhm¶ab H$m¡VwH$ hmoVo. ˶m‘wio hr ‘mܶ‘o ˶m§Mo {dœ ì¶mnm¶bm bmJVmV. qH$~hþZm ¶m {dœmMm nJS>m ˶mÀ¶mda AJXr OmñV à‘mUmV hmoV AgVmo. goë’$s Am{U Amnë¶m à˶oH$ Jmoï>tMo ’$moQ>mo H$mTy>Z ìhm¶ab H$aUo hr ˶m§À¶mgmR>r {Z˶mMrM hmoD$Z OmVo. {gZo‘m, ‘m{bH$m nhmUo hr ˶m§À¶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$ Jmoï> Pmbr Amho. ‘ܶ§Var ‘m¶mH$S>o EH$m 6 dfmªÀ¶m ‘wbrbm KoD$Z {VMr AmB© Ambr hmoVr. Vr amÌr PmonV ZìhVr. Km~am¶Mr, emioV nU Om¶bm ZH$ma XoV hmoVr. gVV XS>nUmImbr Agm¶Mr. {VMr ^yH$ nU H$‘r Pmbr hmoVr. {VÀ¶m Ho$gMr nyU© ‘m{hVr KoVë¶mda bjmV Ambo H$s, KamVë¶m§~amo~a Vr nU EH$ ahñ¶‘¶ ‘m{bH$m ~Km¶Mr. Vo ^yV Amho Aer {VMr H$ënZm Pmbr hmoVr. Vo ^yV ‘m{bH$m g§nVmZm nU VgoM am{hbo hmoVo. ˶m‘wio {Vbm dmQ>V hmoVo H$s Vo AmVm Amnë¶mH$S>o ¶oUma d Amnë¶mbm Ìmg XoUma ‘J {Vbm ¶m ‘m{bHo$Mr H$Wm ZrQ> g‘OmdyZ gm§{JVbr. ˶mMm Iam AW© gm§{JVbm. ^yV§ hr H$ënZm Amho, g˶ Zmhr dJ¡ao gd© g‘Odmdo bmJbo. Ago ^¶nQ> qH$dm ^¶ ‘m{bH$m ~KyZ ^¶^rV
hmoD$Z {H$VrVar ‘wbo qH$dm pñ̶m CnMmam§gmR>r ¶oV AgVmV! EH$Xm EH$ nmbH$ ˶m§À¶m ‘wbmbm KoD$Z ‘m¶mH$S>o Ambo hmoVo. Vmo JmU§ N>mZ åhUm¶Mm. {eH$V hmoVm Am{U ˶mbm EH$m [aA°{bQ>r emoÀ¶m Am°{S>eZ‘ܶo ^mJ ¿¶m¶Mm hmoVm. AmB© ˶mbm àmoËgmhZ XoV hmoVr. OUy hþaiyZM Jobr hmoVr. Va d{S>bm§Àmm AJXr {damoY hmoVm. ˶m§Mo åhUUo hmoVo ˶mVrb {ZU©¶/{ZH$mb AmYrM R>abobo AgVmV. Zwg˶m à{gÕrZo ‘mPm ‘wbJm hþaiyZ OmB©b d JmU§ ‘mJo nS>ob Aer nU ^rVr ˶m§À¶m ‘ZmV hmoVr. ‘J ˶m gdmªMo g‘wnXoeZ Ho$bo. d{S>bm§Zm gm§{JVbo H$s, ‘ܶ§Var Oo {bQ>b M°ån 10 dfmªnydu Pmbo Vo gd© AmO nwT>o Ambo AmhoV. ˶m§Zr [a¶mP H$ê$Z doJdoJù¶m nÕVrZo ˶m§Mo JmʶmVbo H$[aAa CÎm‘ [aVrZo H$aV AmhoV. ˶m‘wio AmnU ˶mÀ¶m‘mJo C^o am{hbo nm{hOo. à{gÕrMm g‘Vmob R>odbm nm{hOo. AmB©bm nU g‘OmdyZ gm§{JVbo H$s, Ho$di à{gÕrgmR>r ho H$am¶Mo Zmhr Amho Va qH$~hþZm ˶mMo JmʶmVbo H$[aAa {dH${gV H$am¶Mr hr g§Yr Amho Ago ~Km. à{gÕr‘wio XS>nU, X~md nU ¶oD$ eH$Vmo. ˶m‘wio gdmªZrM ˶mH$S>o H$[aAaÀ¶m {dH$mgmMr g§Yr AgoM ~Km¶bm hdo. AemàH$mao {‘{S>¶m AmnU H$gm hmVmiVmo åhUOo {‘{S>¶mV gmXarH$aU H$aUmao d Vo EoH$Umao/~KUmao/ dmMUmao XmoKohr H$m¶ {dMma ‘m§S>VmV d KoVmV ¶mda gd© Adb§~yZ AgVo. Vmao O‘t na gma»¶m {MÌnQ>mZo Aܶ¶Z Aj‘VmgmaIm {df¶ A{Ve¶ g§Vw{bV a§OH$ nÕVrZo hmVmiyZ g‘mOmV ˶m{df¶r OmJ¥Vr Ho$br. W«r B{S>¶Q²g ‘YyZ XoIrb {ejU H$emgmR>r, H$[aAa H$go {ZdS>m¶Mo ¶mg§~§YrÀ¶m {dMmam§Zm MmbZm {Xbr. N>nmB© ‘mܶm‘m§Zr Ho$gar, ‘amR>mgma»¶m d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr ñdmV§Í¶g§J«m‘ d g§¶wŠV ‘hmamï´> MidirVrb ‘hÎdmMr
^y{‘H$m AmnU nm{hbrM Amho. AmOhr ¶m Amamo½¶, ‘Z Amamo½¶m~m~V N>nmB© ‘mܶ‘o OmJ¥VrgmR>r ‘hÎdmMr ^y{‘H$m gH$mamË‘H$ nÕVrZo nma nmS>VM AmhoV. ‘mܶ‘m§ZrM AZoH$ {ZdS>UwH$mV gÎmmYmè¶m§Zm VmaʶmMr qH$dm nmS>ʶmV ‘hÎdmMr ^y{‘H$m nma nmS>br Amho. nmM dfm©nydu g‘mO‘mܶ‘ ^maVmVrb {ZdS>UwH$mV, VrZ dfm©nydu A‘o[aHo$Vrb {ZdS>UwH$mV Ah§ ^y{‘H$m nma nmS>br Amho. WmoS>Š¶mV ‘mܶ‘mV KS>dʶmMr dm {~KS>ʶmMr eŠVr Amho. AmnU ˶mVrb H$moUVm ^mJ ¿¶m¶Mm ho R>adm¶Mo Amho. {deofV… ‘wbm§~m~VrV. XmoZ dfmªn¶ªV Var ˶m§Zm AemàH$mao Hw$R>ë¶m {‘{S>¶mbm A{O~mV gm‘moao OmD$ Zmhr {Xbo nm{hOo. Z§VagwÕm H$mhr R>am{dH$ doiM ˶m§Zm Q>rìhr/‘mo~mB©b/ZoQ> dmnê$ {Xbm nm{hOo. ˶mV gwÕm ˶m§Zm ‘m{hVrnyU©, gH$mamË‘H$ ~Km¶Mr gd¶ bmdbr nm{hOo ˶mgmR>r nmbH$m§Zr nU gH$mamË‘H$M Jmoï>r ˶m§À¶m g‘moa Var nm{hë¶m nm{hOoV. ahñ¶‘¶, ^¶àX {gZo‘m ˶m§À¶mg‘moa ~KUo Q>mibo nm{hOo. ‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo ^mJ KoVmZm ˶mH$S>o à{gÕr ‘mܶ‘ Ago AmnUM Zmhr ~{KVbo nm{hOo Va {dH$mgmMo ‘mܶ‘ åhUyZ ~Km¶bm hdo. nwñVHo$ dmMyZ XmIdm¶bm hdr. nwñVH$ dmMZ hmoVo H$m hoo ~Km¶bm hdo ˶mgmR>r AmnUhr dmMm¶bm hdo. H$maU N>nmB©‘mܶ‘ ho gdm©V gwa{jV ‘mܶ‘ Amho. Oo dmMbo, EoH$bo, ~{KVbo ˶m~m~V ‘wbm§er MMm© Ho$br nm{hOo, ˶m{df¶r ˶m§À¶m e§H$m§Mo {ZagZ ¶mo½¶ doir Pmbo Va J¡ag‘Om§Zr J¡an[aUm‘ hmoUma Zmhr. eodQ>r EH$ bjmV KoVbo nm{hOo ‘mܶ‘m§Mm Cn¶moJ H$mo{bV hmVmV KoVboë¶m ‘mH$S>mgmaIm H$am¶Mm H$s ‘emb hmVmV KoVboë¶m dmQ>mS>çmgmaIm ho AmnU R>adm¶Mo Amho.
mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 61
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 2
gm{hp˶H$ nÌH$m[aVm - à{Vð>m gmoZQ>¸o$
‘
amR>r gm{h˶ na§naobm nÌH$m[aVoMm n[agñne© Pmbm Am{U gm{h˶ g¥ï>r gwdU©H$m§Vr à‘mUo Pimiy bmJbr. gm{h˶ dmMH$m§er g§dmX gmYUma§ EH$ à‘wI gmYZ. gm{h˶mÀ¶m doJdoJù¶m àm§JUmVyZ ‘wº$ g§Mma H$arV dmMH$ Am{U boIH$ nañnam§er g§dmX gmYVmV. boIH$mÀ¶m ^md^mdZm§Zm, ˶mÀ¶m {dMmam§Zm dmMH$m§À¶m öX¶mn¶ªV nmohmoMUma§ EH$ à^mdr ‘mܶ‘ åhUOo gm{h˶ aMZm. gm{h˶ ho Ho$di eãX Am{U H$ënZoÀ¶m Xþ{Z¶oV dmdaV ZgVo Va g‘mO Am{U OZVoer OmoS>bobo AgVo. nÌH$m[aVm ho g‘mO Am{U gm{h˶ ¶m§Zm OmoS>bobm Xþdm Amho åhUyZ nÌH$m[aVm Am{U gm{h˶ EH$‘oH$m§Zm nyaH$ AmhoV. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 62
‘amR>r gm{h˶mbm ‘amR>r nÌH$m[aVoZo g‘¥Õ Ho$bo Amho. {dîUwemór {MniyUH$a, bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$, Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a, {e.‘. nam§Ono, J.Ͷ§. ‘mS>ImobH$a, AmMm¶© à.Ho$. AÌo,. h. am. ‘hmOZr Aem AZoH$ AmYw{ZH$ ‘amR>r dm‹S²>‘¶mVrb {dMmad§Vm§Mo ‘hÎdmMo {bImU {Z¶VH$m{bH$mVyZ à{gÕ Pmbobo Amho. qH$~hþZm ¶m boIH$ loð>tZr Amnbo {dMma bmoH$m§n¶ªV nmohmoMdʶmgmR>r J«§W ‘mܶ‘mnojm {Z¶VH$m{bH$mVrb boIZmÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMm AmYma KoVbm. B§J«Or dmS>².‘¶mÀ¶m n[aM¶mZ§Va AmYw{ZH$ ‘amR>r gm{h˶mMo {Z~§Y, bKwH$Wm, H$mX§~ar, H${dVm B˶mXr gm{h˶ àH$ma àW‘ ‘amR>r {Z¶VH$m{bH$mVyZM à{gÕ hmoD$Z ‘mݶVm nmdbobo AmhoV. bmoH$OmJ¥Vr, g‘mO{ejU, bmoH$à~moYZ ¶mgmR>r gwédmVrÀ¶m H$mimV nÌH$m[aVm à¶ËZerb hmoVr. g - {hV Vo gm{h˶. d¡Mm[aH$ boIZ, àdMZ, OZ{hV Ñï>r nwT>o R>odyZ Ho$bo OmUmao {hVmdh Am{U {hVmgh AgUmao d¡Mm[aH$ dmS²µ‘¶ åhUOo gm{h˶ hmo¶. h. Zm. AmnQ>o ¶m§Zr "{ejU XoUo, ‘Zmo{dH$ma {dMma OmJ¥Vr Am{U ‘Zmoa§OZ Ago dmS²µ‘¶mMo hoVy gm§{JVbobo AmhoV. AmMm¶© AÌo ¶m§Zr gm{h˶mMr bmoH$a§OZ, bmoH${ejU Am{U bmoH$ OmJ¥Vr hr H$m¶© AmhoV Ago åhQ>bo Amho. Ho$di ‘Zmoa§OZ ho gm{h˶mMo C{Ôï> Z ‘mZVm g‘mO OrdZmda àH$me nmSy>Z ˶m OrdZmVrb àmJ{VH$ àd¥ÎmtMm nwañH$ma H$aUo hm b{bV gm{h˶mMm hoVy Agmdm Ago åhQ>bo Amho. a§OZ ^mdZm§Mm H$bmË‘H$ Am{dîH$ma, OrdZmVrb AZw^dm§Mo àH$Q>rH$aU, n[anyU© kmZ ¶m~amo~aM CnXoe, bmoH$OmJ¥Vr, Cƒ ܶo¶mMr nyVu ¶mgmR>r gm{h˶mMr {Z{‘©Vr hmoV AgVo. ñdmV§Í¶nyd© H$mim‘ܶo d¥ÎmnÌ ho OZVm OmJ¥VrMo Am{U H«$m§VrMo EH$ ~bmT>ç gmYZ hmoVo. nmaV§Í¶mÀ¶m A§YmamV OZVobm COoS> XmIdʶmgmR>r nÌmMr ‘emb noQ>dyZ hmVr KoVbr hmoVr. gm‘m{OH$ n[adV©Z Am{U ñdmV§Í¶àmár hr ˶m H$mimMr JaO hmoVr, ˶mVyZM d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm OÝ‘ Pmbm. ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm B{Vhmg nm{hë¶mg d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr à~moYZ, gm‘m{OH$ gwYmaUm,
amOH$s¶ OmJ¥Vr, gm‘mݶ ‘mUgmbm h¸$ {‘idyZ XoʶmgmR>r Ho$bobm g§Kf© Amho. ¶m‘ܶo AZoH$ pñW˶§Vao Pmbr Am{U d¥ÎmnÌg¥ï>r ~habr Am{U àdm{hV Pmbr. ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌg¥ï>r Am{U ‘amR>r gm{h˶ ¶m§Mm Ooìhm Amnbm Aä¶mg H$aVmo Voìhm Ago AmT>iyZ ¶oVo H$s d¥ÎmnÌmÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZM ‘amR>r gm{h˶mMm CX¶ Pmbm Amho. ‘amR>rVrb Zm‘d§V boIH$m§Zr Am{U {dMmad§Vm§Zr d¥ÎmnÌ Am{U {Z¶VH$m{bHo$ hr ‘mܶ‘o gm{h˶ {Z{‘©VrgmR>r dmnabr. ‘amR>rVrb n{hbo d¥ÎmnÌ "Xn©U' Mm gm{h˶ Ñï>¶m {dMma H$aVm ‘amR>r ^mfobm gwñnï> d ~m§YogyX ~Z{dʶmMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm. Xn©U À¶m ê$nmZo {Z¶VH$m{bH$ hm Zdm àH$ma ‘amR>rV ê$T> Pmbm. J«§Wm§Mr narjUo H$er H$amdrV, gS>oVmoS> {dMma H$go 춺$ H$amdoV ¶mMm AmXe© Xn©UH$ma ~miemór Om§^oH$a ¶m§Zr KmbyZ {Xbm. 1840 ‘Yrb kmZM§ÐmoX¶ ‘m{gH$mVyZ H¥$îU brbm‘¥V J«§W H«$‘e… à{gÕ hmoV Ago. kmZàH$me ‘YyZ H$mì¶emó{dZmoX ho gXa bmoH${චPmbo hmoVo. nwñVH$m§da A{^àm¶ XoʶmMr àWm VËH$mbrZ d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ AmT>iVo. har Zmam¶U AmnQ>o ¶m§À¶m H$a‘UyH$ ¶m d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ nU bjmV H$moU KoVmo gmaIr H$mX§~ar à{gÕ hmoV hmoVr. Ho$edgwVm§À¶m H${dVm H$a‘UyH$ ‘YyZM à{gÕ hmoV. H$mhr gm‘m{OH$ Am{U Eo{Vhm{gH$ {‘iyZ AmR> H$mX§~è¶m ~mam dfm©V dmMH$m§Zm {Xë¶m. gw‘mao Mmaeo H${dVm, Mmaeo MQ>H$Xma Jmoï>r Ago ^aJƒ gm{h˶ H$a‘UyH$ ‘YyZ à{gÕ hmoV hmoVo. ˶mM gw‘mamg Img gm{h˶ éMr dmT>mdr åhUyZ H$mhr {Z¶VH$m{bHo$, ‘m{gHo$ à{gÕ Pmbobr {XgVmV. AmMm¶© AÌo ¶m§Mo Zd¶wJ, Zm. gr. ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§Mo P§H$ma gmám{hH$ ¶mVyZ gm{h˶ MiditMr MMm© AmT>iVo. à{V^m ¶m {Z¶VH$m{bH$mVyZ ¶ed§V ¶m§Zr Amnë¶m H${dVm {b{hë¶m. gm{h˶ {dMmambm dm{hbobo AJ«Jʶ ‘m{gH$ åhUOo Zd^maV d g˶H$Wm. ¶m ‘m{gH$m§Mo gm{h˶ àH$mam§darb {deofm§H$hr {deof JmObo. d¥ÎmnÌg¥ï>r‘wio gm{h˶g¥ï>rhr ~habr. gm{h˶ ho g‘mOmV {Z‘m©U hmoVo ˶m‘wio g‘mOmMo à{Vq~~ gm{h˶m‘ܶo C‘Q>bobo {XgyZ ¶oVo. ‘amR>r ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 63
nÌH$m[aVm Am{U ‘amR>r gm{h˶ ho EH$mM H$mbI§S>mV CX¶mbm Ambo Amho ¶mdê$Z {XgyZ ¶oVo. ‘amR>r gm{h˶mMm OÝ‘ hm VËH$mbrZ d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ Pmbm , hm Jm¡adembr B{Vhmg AmnU bjmV KoVbm nm{hOo. gm{h˶ Am{U nÌH$m[aVm ¶m EH$mM ZmʶmÀ¶m XmoZ ~mOy AmhoV. XmoÝhtMm à‘wI hoVy g˶mMm emoY KoUo hmM Amho. ‘m{hVr Am{U bmoH${ejUm~amo~a Or nÌH$m[aVm gm{h˶ {df¶m§Zm àmYmݶ XoVo Vr gm{hp˶H$ nÌH$m[aVm hmo¶. gm{h˶{ddoMZ g‘rjU H$aUmar nÌH$m[aVm åhUOo gm{h˶ nÌH$m[aVm. ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌg¥ï>rbm gm{hp˶H$ nÌH$mam§Mr VoOñdr na§nam Amho. àIa naIS> Am{U {VVH$sM öX¶ñneu ^mfme¡br ho Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a ¶m§À¶m boIZmMo d¡{eï²>¶ hmoVo. Cn‘m, Ab§H$ma, g§ñH¥$V dMZo ¶m§Mm ¶Wm¶mo½¶ dmna Vo H$arV AgV. H$miH$V} {edam‘ ‘hmXod nam§Ono ho g§ñH¥$V gm{h˶mMo n§{S>V hmoVo. H$mì¶H$ënZm, Ab§H$ma ¶m§Mo AmH$f©H$ H$m|XU à˶oH$ {df¶mbm MT>dm¶Mo ho ˶m§À¶m AJ«boIm§Mo à‘wI d¡{eï²>¶ hmoVo. ¶mM na§naoVrb gm{hp˶H$ nÌH$ma åhUOo J.Ͷ§. ‘mS>ImobH$a. gm{hp˶H$ JwUm§Zr CVabobo n„oXma AJ«boI ho ‘mS>ImobH$a ¶m§Mo d¡{eï²>¶. bmoH$gÎmmMo g§nmXH$ {dÚmYa JmoIbo ¶m§Mo g§nmXH$s¶ boIZ ho a§OH$VoH$S>o PwH$Umao hmoVo. amOH$s¶ boIZ H$aVmZmhr Vo boIZ gm{hp˶H$ e¡brZo ZQ>dʶmMr ˶m§Mr d¥Îmr hmoVr. AmMm¶© AÌo, nw.^m ^mdo, J. {X. ‘mS>JyiH$a, Zm. gr. ’$S>Ho$ ¶m§À¶m ‘¥Ë¶yZ§Va ˶m§Zr {b{hbobo AJ«boI {Ma§VZ ñdê$nmMo AmhoV. gm{hp˶H$ nÌH$m[aVo‘Yrb EH$ ‘hÎdmMo nÌH$ma åhUOo bmoH$gÎmmMo ‘mOr g§nmXH$ ‘mYd JS>H$ar. d¡Mm[aH$ boI bm{b˶nyU© H$aʶmV ˶m§Mm hmVI§S>m hmoVm. Jwb‘mohamMr nmZo ho ˶m§Mo gXa gm{hp˶H$ nÌH$m[aVoMo CÎm‘ CXmhaU Amho. H$dr, {dS§>~ZH$ma, {ejH$, ZmQ>H$H$ma, H$WmH$ma, dº$m, {MÌnQ>H$ma ¶m gdmªMm g§~§{YV dmagm ho AmMm¶© AÌo ¶m§À¶m nÌH$m[aVoMo d¡{eï²>¶ hmoVo. AÌo¶ nÌH$m[aVoZo H$mhr ZdrZ gm{h˶àH$ma {Xbo Am{U ˶m§À¶m gm{h˶mZo Zì¶m XoU½¶m nÌH$m[aVobm {Xë¶m. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 64
gm‘mݶ ‘mUyg Am{U gm{h˶ ¶m§Mr OdirH$ ˶m§Zr gmYbr. g‘mO d gm{h˶ ¶m§Zm OmoS>Umam d¥ÎmnÌr¶ nyb åhUOo AÌo¶ ‘¥Ë¶wboI hmo¶. Amnë¶m Aï>n¡by gm{h˶mMo H$V¥©Ëd ˶m§Zr nÌH$m[aVobm ~hmb Ho$bo hmoVo. d¥ÎmnÌ ì¶dgm¶mV ‘r ‘mPo öX¶ H$Yrhr J‘mdbo Zmhr, ho ‘m¶m d¥ÎmnÌr¶ OrdZmMo gdm©V ‘moR>o d¡{eï²>¶ Amho Ago Vo Zoh‘r åhUV. ¶m Z§VaÀ¶m H$mimV Á¶oð> g§nmXH$ JmoqdX VidbH$a, {Xbrn nmS>JmdH$a, AéU gmYy Am{U h. ‘mo. ‘amR>o ¶m§Zr nÌH$m[aVogh gm{h˶ Am{U {dMma{dœmVhr ‘yb^yV H$m‘ Ho$bo. VgoM ñdV…Mr ê$Mr AmoiIyZ doJù¶m dmQ>m H$em {Z‘m©U H$am¶À¶m ¶mMm dñVynmR>M ˶m§Zr KmbyZ {Xbm. nÌH$m[aVm d gm{h˶ ¶m Xmohm|‘Yb§ ^mZ gOJnUo OnUmè¶m g§nmXH$m§Zr hm dmagm AI§S> Onbm. AmYw{ZH$ ¶wJmV nÌH$m[aVm hr Ho$di d¥ÎmnÌm§nwaVr gr{‘V am{hbobr Zmhr. Z^modmUr, Xÿa{MÌdmUr pìh{S>Amo nÌH$m[aVm, B˶mXr nÌH$m[aVoMr {d{dY ê$no AmhoV. gm{h˶ Am{U nÌH$m[aVm ¶mMm {dMma H$aVm ‘w{ÐV ‘mܶ‘m~amo~aM BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§Mm {dMma H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. Xÿa{MÌdmUr, AmH$medmUr ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Zrhr ¶m {df¶mbm ñWmZ {Xë¶mMo AmT>iVo. gm{h˶H¥$Vtda AmYm[aV ‘m{bH$m àgm[aV H$aʶmV Amë¶m. ¶mV àm‘w»¶mZo nm¡am{UH$ ‘hmH$mì¶mda AmYm[aV am‘m¶U-‘hm^maV, aU{OV XogmB© ¶m§Mr ñdm‘r, Ama. Ho$. Zmam¶U ¶m§Mo ‘mbJwS>r S>oO Aem ‘m{bH$m§Mm C„oI H$amdm bmJob. hm àdmh AmOhr Mmby Amho. XÿaXe©Z darb à{V^m Am{U à{V‘m ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mZo hr EH$ {deof AmoiI {Z‘m©U Ho$br. AmH$medmUrdê$Zhr gm{h˶H¥$VtMo H«$‘e… dmMZ Mmby AgVo. gm{h˶ Am{U nÌH$m[aVoZo Oar hmVmV hmV Jw§’y$Z dmQ>Mmb Ho$br Agbr Var AmO {VMo ñdê$n ~Xbbo Amho. nÌH$m[aVm Am{U gm{h˶ ¶mV ‘moR>o A§Va {Z‘m©U Pmbo Amho. ‘mܶ‘o hr AmOÀ¶m ì¶dhmar OJmMm Amagm AmhoV Va gm{h˶ ho OZ‘mZgmÀ¶m AmVrb
‘ZmMm Amagm Amho. ‘mܶ‘o hr dV©‘mZm{df¶r {d{eï> qH$dm VmoH$S>çm doioV Pmboë¶m AmH$bZmda ~mobʶmMm à¶ËZ H$aVmV Va gm{h˶ hr XrK©H$mbrZ Am{U AZw^dmÀ¶m nmVirda éOoboë¶m AmH$bZmda hmoUmar {Z{‘©Vr Amho. ‘mܶ‘o Oo gmXa H$aVmV, Vmo gm‘w{hH$ H¥$VrMm Am{dîH$ma AgVmo Am{U ˶mbm Vo ‘mܶ‘, ˶mbm {‘iUmam doi qH$dm OmJm, ˶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mr YmoaUo Aem AZoH$ ‘¶m©Xm AgVmV. ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ê$nmZo hmoUmar {Z{‘©Vr hr ~hþVoH$ doim AënH$mi {Q>H$Umar AgVo Va gm{h˶ {Z{‘©Vr ‘mÌ XrK©H$mi {Q>H$Vo. AWm©V, gm{h˶ {Z{‘©VrMr {R>UJr noQ>{dʶmMo H$m‘
‘mܶ‘o H$ê$ eH$VmV. AmO gm{h˶ MiditZr Omoa Yabm¶ ¶mM§ à{Vq~~ ‘mܶ‘mVyZM {XgyZ ¶oV§. gm{h˶ Am{U nÌH$m[aVm ¶m§Zr nañnam§Zm H$m¶ {Xbo ho {Z{d©dmXnUo gm§JUo H$R>rU Agbo Var ¶mMm emoY AI§{S>V Amho. hr XmoÝhr ‘mܶ‘§ EH$‘oH$m§Mm hmV Jw§’y$ZM dmQ>Mmb H$arV Jobo Am{U Xþgè¶m hmVmVrb W¡ë¶mV KoVbobo nmWo¶ EH$‘oH$m§À¶m W¡brV Q>mH$V Jobo ‘amR>r gm{h˶ d nÌH$m[aVm ¶m§Zm EH$‘oH$m§Zm nyaH$ Ago gm{h˶ {Z‘m©U ìhm¶bm nm{hOo. ‘amR>r gm{h˶mVrb gm{hp˶H$m§Zr nÌH$m[aVogmR>r H$m‘ Ho$bo nm{hOo Am{U ‘amR>r nÌH$m[aVoV ‘amR>r gm{h˶ A{^àoV Amho.
mmm
B§J«Or ^mfoVbo doJdoJio dmH²$àMma OmoSy>Z EImXm ZdmM dmH²$ àMma V¶ma H$aV WmoS>Š¶mV gm§Jm¶M§ Va ^mfoer IoiV {Xbobo ~mVå¶m§Mo ‘Wio dmMH$mM§ bj doYyZ KoUmao R>aVmV. Cng§nmXH$mM§ H$m‘ åhUOo ~mVå¶m§M§ g§H$bZ, g§nmXZ Am{U AmH$f©H$ ‘Wio XoUo Ogm H$moH$UMm Am§~m Vg§ H$mí‘raM§ g’$aM§X. nU AmVm H$mpí‘amV ñQ´>m°~oarMr bmJdS> ‘moR>µ¶m à‘mUmV Ho$br OmVo¶. CËH¥$ï> MdrMr ñQ´>m°~oar H$mpí‘amV ~Zy bmJbr¶. ¶mg§~§YrÀ¶m EH$m ~mV‘rM§ erf©H$ hmoV§- The new
apple of the valley's eye. the apple of somebody's eye - a person or thing of whom you are extremely fond & proud. CXm. His youngest son was the apple of his eye. H$mpí‘amV {nH$Uma§ apple Am{U somebody's eye ‘Yb§ apple gm§JS> KmbV The new apple of the valley's eye hm gw§Xa ‘Wim ~Zbm¶.
A‘o[aHo$Mo amï´>mܶj {~b pŠbQ>Z ^maV Xm¡è¶mda Ambo Am{U ^maV-A‘o[aH$m g§~§YmVb§ EH$ Zd§ ‘Ìr nd© gwê$ Pmb§. ¶m ^oQ>rXaå¶mZ EH$m B§J«Or d¥ÎmnÌmZ§ {b{hboë¶m AJ«boImM§ erf©H$ hmoV§-
Bill and coup. coup (H¥$@) - the fact of achieving something that was difficult to do. CXm. Getting that contract has been quite a coup for us. (Bill and coup ¶mMm AW© Bill åhUOo {~b pŠbQ>Z Am{U coup åhUOo ^maV-A‘o[aH$m g§~§Y ‘ÌrnyU©
~ZdʶmMr H$m‘{Jar.) ¶mV AmUIr EH$ J§‘V Amho. Bill and coo Agm EH$ dmŠàMma Amho. bill and coo ({~b A±S> Hy$@) - kiss and speak in a loving way to each other; ào‘Hy$OZ. ^maV-A‘o[aHo$Mr ‘Ìr AWm©V ào‘Hy$OZ (bill and coo) gwê$ Pmb§ Amho Am{U hr {~b (Bill) pŠbQ>Z ¶m§Mr ‘moR>rM CnbãYr (coup) Amho. EdT>m gJim AW© Bill and coup ¶m erf©H$mV XS>bobm Amho. EH$m ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌmVbm ‘Wim. "àXrK© AmhmamZo {ZYZ' (~mV‘rXmambm "àXrK© AmOmamZo' Ag§ åhUm¶M§ hmoV§.)
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 65
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 2
àgma ‘mܶ‘§ Am{U gm{h˶ S>m°. AZ§V Xoe‘wI Á¶oð> gm{hp˶H$
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gma ‘mܶ‘§ Am{U gm{h˶' ¶mMm {dMma H$aVmZm àgma‘mܶ‘§ åhUOo Zo‘Ho$ H$m¶ Vmo AW© g‘OmdyZ KoVbm nm{hOo. Amnë¶m {dMmam§Mm, ^mdZm§Mm, boIZmMm dm Aݶ H$bmàH$mam§‘YyZ 춺$ hmoUm-¶m H¥$VtZm g‘mOmn¶ªV nmohmoM{dʶmgmR>r dmhH$ AWdm gmYH$ åhUyZ H$m¶© H$aUmar ¶§ÌUm åhUOo ‘mܶ‘§ hmoV: ˶mV boIZ Am{U {MÌH$bogmR>r d¥Îmņ, {Z¶VH$m{bH§$. Ho$di {bpIV {dMma, g§{hVm ldU ‘mܶ‘mVyZ nmohmoMdVo Vo AmH$medmUr ‘mܶ‘ Am{U Oo Ñí¶lmì¶ ñdê$nmV nmohmoMdVo Vo XÿaXe©Z ho ‘mܶ‘ : V¶ma S>m°Š¶w‘|Q>arO, {’$ë‘ Am{U VËg‘ BVa Jmoï>tMm {dMma H$aVm ¶oB©b. erf©H$mV Xþgam eãX gm{h˶ hm Amho. gm{h˶ ho {Z~§Y, à~§YmË‘, àdmgdU©Z, {dkmZ- AܶmË‘na, H$Wm, H$mX§~ar, H${dVm, ZmQ>H$ ¶m b{bVàH$mam§Vrb Agy eH$Vo. ‘m{hVr, kmZ, ‘Zmoa§OZ Ago {VÝhr àH$maMo H$m‘ Vo H$ê$ eH$Vo. 1960 ‘ܶo {X„r‘ܶo Am{U 1972 ‘ܶo ‘w§~B©‘ܶo "XÿaXe©Z' gwê$ Pmbo. ˶mZ§Va "XÿaXe©Z'Zo Xþgar dm{hZr gwê$ Ho$br. 1985 gmbr {X„r‘ܶo A°{e¶mS> Pmbo, Voìhm H¥$îUYdb Agbobo "XÿaXe©Z' a§JrV Pmbo. nwT>o ˶mda Om{hamVr XmIdʶmV ¶oD$ bmJë¶m. hiyhiy dm{hݶm§Mr g§»¶m dmT>br. {^Þ {^Þ àH$maMo H$m¶©H«$‘ XoʶmMr ˶m§À¶mV MT>mAmoT> {Z‘m©U Pmbr. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 66
˶m AmYrhr g§ñH¥$V, ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$m§da AmYm[aV H$m¶©H«$‘ {M{ÌV H$aʶmMr na§nam "{’$ë‘ {S>pìhOZ'‘ܶo Mmby hmoVr. "XÿaXe©Z'Zo 'am‘m¶U', '‘hm^maV', '~w{Z¶mX',.... gma»¶m ‘m{bH$m V¶ma Ho$ë¶m ˶mM ‘wimV à{gÕ gm{h˶H¥$Vtda AmYm[aV. "A‘¥VHw§$^' gma»¶m ‘m{bHo$VyZ g§ñH¥$V gm{h˶mMm n[aM¶ H$ê$Z XoʶmV ¶oV Ago. ‘amR>r gm{h˶mVrb {H$˶oH$ gm{h˶H¥$VtMo ZmQ>çrH$aU {M{ÌV H$ê$Z gmXa Ho$bo Jobo Amho. EHo$H$m H$WmH$mamMr d¡{eï²>¶nyU© H$Wm KoD$Z Vr {M{ÌV H$ê$Z XmIdUmam H$m¶©H«$‘ XrK©H$mi Mmbdbm Jobm hmoVm. ‘amR>rVë¶m à{gÕ H$mX§~-¶m§Mrhr ZmQ>çrH$aUo ¶mM nÕVrZo XmIdbr Jobr. Owݶm H$mimV Xa a{ddmar gmXa H$aʶmV ¶oB© Vmo "à{V^m Am{U à{V‘m' hm H$m¶©H«$‘, "JOam', "eaXmMo Mm§XUo' ho H$m¶©H«$‘ àm¶… gm{h˶mer WoQ> {ZJ{S>V AgV. ‘§Joe nmS>JmdH$a, gwaoe ^Q>, qdXm H$a§XrH$a, AmaVr à^y ¶m§À¶m {ZdS>H$ H${dVm§Zm Mmbr bmdyZ "ZjÌm§M§ XoU§' hm H$m¶©H«$‘hr gm{h˶mer {ZJ{S>V Agm¶Mm. AbrH$S>À¶m H$mimV nwb, J{X‘m Am{U ~m~yOr ¶m§À¶m gm{h˶mda Am{U ì¶{º$Ëdmda AmYm[aV "AmZ§X¶mÌr' H$m¶©H«$‘hr ˶m ˶m boIH$mÀ¶m gm{h˶mbm H|$ÐñWmZr R>oD$Z gmXa Ho$bo OmV. ¶mV ‘wÔm hm H$s ¶m gm-¶mÀ¶m H|$ÐñWmZr gm{h˶ ho Amho. gd©M ‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo Oo {d{dY KQ>H$ AgVmV, åhUOo {Z‘m©Vo, N>nmB© H$m‘Jma, Üd{ZboIH$, {M{ÌH$aUVÁk, ˶m‘mJo H$m¶©aV Agbobo {X½Xe©H$-g§nmXH$, ‘mH}$qQ>J ¶w{ZQ>, Om{hamVXma ¶m§À¶m~amo~arZo, qH$~hþZm H$mH$U^a OmñV boIH$ ‘hÎdmMr ^y{‘H$m ~OmdV AgVmo. Aem doir boIH$mMo OrdZ{df¶H$ AmH$bZ, OZOmJ¥Vr{df¶H$ dm bmoH$à~moYZmg§~§YrM§ ˶mM§ ^mZ, Vmo Oo ‘mܶ‘ hmVmiV AgVmo ˶mÀ¶m gm‘϶© dm ‘¶m©Xm§Mo ˶mMo AmH$bZ, ˶mÀ¶m d¡¶{º$H$ AmdS>r{ZdS>r Am{U ˶m§Mm ˶mÀ¶m à¶ËZm§da nS>Umam à^md, Vmo Á¶m§À¶mgmR>r hr H¥$Vr V¶ma H$arV AgVmo ˶m§À¶m A{^ê$MrMm ˶mbm Agbobm A§XmO, Vr
KS>dʶmgmR>r Vmo H$arV Agbobo à¶ËZ ¶mVyZ Vr H¥$Vr V¶ma hmoV AgVo. àgma‘mܶ‘m§H$S>o diUmam Cn^moº$m àm¶ H$a‘UwH$sH$[aVm diV AgVmo. ˶mVyZ ‘m{hVr, kmZ Am{U AmZ§X {‘iʶmg ˶mbm hdm AgVmo. BWo H$m¶©H«$‘ H$moU˶mhr ñdê$nmMm Agmo ˶mMr ‘wimVbr "g§{hVm' {b{hUmam boIH$M ˶m a{gH$mÀ¶m A{^ê$Mrbm AmH$ma XoUmam AgVmo. Aem doir H$moU˶mhr ‘mܶ‘m§VyZ gmXa Ho$bobr g§{hVm hr Zoh‘rM Cƒ^«y A{^ê$Mr AgUo eŠ¶ ZgVo. H$maU àgma‘mܶ‘m§Zm OmñVrV OmñV H$ñQ>‘an¶ªV nmohmoMm¶Mo AgVo. ˶m‘wio àgma‘mܶ‘m§Mo ‘mbH$, g§MmbH$ A{YH$m{YH$ 춺$s¨Zm Q>maJoQ> H$arV AgVmV. ñdm^m{dH$ gm‘mݶ ‘mUgmbm ghO AmdS>ob, éMob, nQ>ob Aem g§{hVm§Zm Vo àmYmݶ XoVmV. OmñVrV OmñV bmoH$m§n¶ªV nmohmoMUo Am{U ˶mVyZ Amnbm Q>rAmanr dmT>Vm amhrb ¶mgmR>r ¶mo½¶ R>aVrb AemM g§{hVm§À¶m emoYmV Vo AgVmV. g§{hVoÀ¶m JwUdÎmonojm OmñVrV OmñV bmoH$m§Zm Amnë¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mH$S>o AmoTy>Z KoʶmMr j‘Vm {OÀ¶mV Agob {VbmM Vo ñdrH$maVmV. ¶m H$[aVm ‘J Vo g‘mOmVrb lÕm, A§YlÕm, A{Zð> MmbrarVr BH$S>o Vo bj XoVmVM Ago Zmhr. Zwg˶m {MÌ‘m{bH$m KoVë¶m Var Hw$Umbm H$m¡Qw>§{~H$, Hw$Umbm Eo{Vhm{gH$, Hw$Umbm ahñ¶àYmZAem doJdoJù¶m {df¶m§‘ܶo ag AgVmo. gm-¶m§Zm EH$mM doir gmaoM AmdS>ob Ago ZgVo. åhUyZ B{ngmoS>boIH$m§Zm AZoH$Xm {Z‘m©Vm-{X½Xe©H$mÀ¶m gëë¶mZwgma H$WmZH$mÀ¶m àdmhmV ~Xb H$amdo bmJVmV. ‘J Amnbo H$m‘ {Q>H$mdo Am{U nwT>ohr Vo {‘iV amhmdo ¶mgmR>r Vo AZoH$ VS>OmoS>r H$aVmV. ˶mVhr g§dmXboIZ dm B{ngmoS>boIZ hr H$bm gmè¶m§ZmM O‘VoM Ago Zmhr. ‘amR>rVbo Zm‘d§V g‘Obo OmUmao boIH$m§Zm Aem VS>OmoS>r H$aUo AmdS>Vhr Zmhr. ˶m‘wio JwUdmZ boIH$ ¶m àH$mamH$S>o diVmV Ago Zmhr. àgma‘mܶ‘§ Am{U gm{h˶ ¶m§Mm g§~§Y nañnamdb§~r AgVmo, nU AZoH$Xm loð>àH$maMm H$bmZ§X ˶mV {‘iVmoM Ago Zmhr. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 67
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 3 ‘mܶ‘m§Mo dV©‘mZ ‘mܶ‘m§Mm EHy$UM B{Vhmg VoOñdr Amho. nU Ho$di ^yVH$mimMm AmT>mdm KoD$Z B{Vhmg {Z‘m©U hmoV Zmhr. na§naoMo JwUJmZ JmD$Z Zd{Z{‘©VrMr dmQ> V¶ma hmoV Zmhr. dV©‘mZ nhmdoM bmJVo. AmO gd©M joÌm§da ‘mܶ‘m§Mr Ñï>r Amho. ‘mܶ‘m§‘wio g‘mO‘Z ~XbVo, Vgo AmYw{ZH$VoÀ¶m àdmhm~amo~a ‘mܶ‘ohr ~XbV AmhoV. ˶m§Mo ñdê$n A{YH$ ì¶mnH$ hmoV AmhoV. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm EH$ doJim àdmh Omo‘mZo dmT>Vmo Amho. gÚpñWVrVrb ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m Am{U ‘mܶ‘m§‘wio ~Xb hmoV Agboë¶m {d{dY n¡by§da ¶m XmbZmV àH$me Q>mH$bm Amho. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 69
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 70
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 3
‘mܶ‘m§Mr ^mfm dmgwXod Hw$bH$Uu
H$m¶©H$mar g§nmXH$ X¡. Eo³¶ gmVmam
H$
{dd¶© Hw$gw‘mJ«Om§À¶m OÝ‘{XZr ‘hmamîQ´>mV "‘amR>r ^mfm {XZ' gmOam hmoVmo. ¶m {XZm{Z{‘Îm ‘amR>r ^mfoMo d¡^d, gm¢X¶©, àmMrZ na§nam, ‘amR>r ^mfoMr Wmoadr Am{U ‘amR>r ^mfoVrb g§nÞ gm{h˶mMm dmagm ¶mda JmoS>do JmUmao boI à{gÜX hmoVmV. ì¶m»¶mZo hmoVmV. Amåhr ‘amR>r ^mfH$ AmhmoV, Agohr Q>miçm§À¶m JOamV d³Vo gm§JVmV. bm^bo Amåhm§g ^m½¶ Omhbmo ‘amR>r Am‘wÀ¶m aJmaJmV IoiVo ‘amR>r&& Agohr A{^‘mZmZo gm§{JVbo OmVo. nU à˶jmV ‘mÌ ‘amR>rÀ¶m OÝ‘^y‘rV Am{U ‘amR>r ^mfH$ ‘hmamîQ´>mV ‘mV¥^mfm ‘amR>rMr àM§S> AdhobZm Am{U {dQ>§~Zm gwê$ Amho. XmoZ hOma dfmªMm B{Vhmg Agbobr ‘amR>r hr A{^OmV ^mfm Amho. OJmVë¶m à‘wI ^mfmV {VMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. gmobmnya OdiÀ¶m Hw$S>bg§J‘ OdiÀ¶m ‘§{XamV AbrH$S>oM gmnS>boë¶m hOma dfm©nyduÀ¶m {ebmboImV "dm{Mb Vmo {dO¶r hmodmo Ago åhQ>bo Amho. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 71
‘amR>rVbm hm àmMrZ {ebmboI ‘hmamîQ´>mÀ¶m AZoH$ ^mJmV Joë¶m e§^a dfm©V ‘amR>r ^mfoVbo {ebmboI gmnS>bo AmhoV. ‘amR>r ^mfobm A{^OmV ^mfoMm XOm© {‘imdm ¶mgmR>r ‘amR>r ^mfH$ gm{h˶ g§ñWm Am{U amÁ¶ gaH$maH$Sy>Zhr H|$Ð gaH$maH$S>o Jobr nmM df} à¶ËZhr gwê$ AmhoV. ‘amR>r ^mfobm A{^OmV ^mfoMm XOm© {‘im¶bmM hdm, ‘amR>r ^mfoMm gÝ‘mZ ìhm¶bmM hdm. nU, ˶m ~amo~aM Joë¶m Mmirg dfm©V ‘amR>r ^mfoVrb {deofV: àmXo{eH$ gmIir d¥ÎmnÌo, ‘Zmoa§OZ Am{U d¥Îmdm{hݶm, ‘amR>r gm{h˶mVë¶m {d{dY boIZ àH$mam§ZrM, g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§Zr ‘amR>r ^mfoÀ¶m Ho$boë¶m àM§S> Am{U Ajå¶ {dQ>§~ZoMm Jm§{^¶m©Zo {dMma H$ê$Z ‘amR>r ^mfoÀ¶m ewpÜXH$aUmgmR>r gd© Wamda à¶ËZ ìhm¶bm hdoV. B§J«Or amOdQ> ^maVmV éOë¶mda AmMm¶© ~miemñÌr Om§^oH$a ¶m§Zr "Xn©U' ¶m d¥ÎmnÌmÛmao ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌ ‘mܶ‘mMm nm¶m KmVbm. nwT>À¶m H$mimV VoìhmÀ¶m ‘w§~B© amÁ¶mV Am{U ‘amR>r ^mfH$ àXoemV AZoH$ d¥ÎmnÌo gwê$ Pmbr. ˶m d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr ^mfm n§{S>Vr hmoVr Var, Vr ewÜX hmoVr. {dîUwemñÌr {MniyUH$a Am{U bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$, AmJaH$a ¶m§À¶m d¥ÎmnÌm§‘wio ‘amR>r ^mfoV VoOñdr nÌH$m[aVoMm CX¶ Pmbm. ñdmV§Í¶ MidirMm àgma Am{U g‘mOà~moYZ ho ˶m H$mimVë¶m d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo ܶo¶ hmoVo Am{U ˶mgmR>r bmoH$‘mݶm§À¶mgh AZoH$ g§nmXH$m§Zr, nÌH$mam§Zr {~«{Q>e amOdQ>rV Vwé§Jdmghr ^moJbm. Á¶m§Zm ‘amR>r ^mfm CÎm‘ ¶m¶Mr Agob, ˶m§Zr "Ho$gar' AJ«boI dmMm¶bm hdoV, Ago ˶m H$mimV {dÚm϶mªZm Am{U Aä¶mgH$m§Zm AmdOy©Z gm§{JVbo OmB©. d¥ÎmnÌo hoM ñdmV§Í¶nyd© H$mimVbo OZOmJaU KS>dUmao ‘hÎdmMo àgma ‘mܶ‘ hmoVo. VoìhmÀ¶m g§nmXH$, nÌH$ma, gm{hp˶H$m§Zm, H$dtZm ‘amR>r ^mfoMm gmW© A{^‘mZ hmoVm. Varhr B§J«Or hr amO^mfm Agë¶mZo B§J«OrMo AmH«$‘Uhr ‘amR>r ^mfoda g§W JVrZo gwê$ hmoVo. B§J«Or gm{h˶ Am{U OmJ{VH$ VËdkmZmMm à^md ‘amR>r gm{h˶mgh ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 72
nÌH$m[aVodahr gm§ñH¥${VH$ joÌmda hmoVm. Vmo ‘moSy>Z H$mT>V ñd^mfm, ñdXoe Am{U ñdY‘m©Mm ñ’w$pëb¨J Xoe^³V nÌH$ma Am{U gm[hp˶H$m§Zr OZVoV noQ>dbm. ‘moamo Ho$ed Xm‘bo, ‘mo. I. dmit~o ¶m§À¶mgh AZoH$ g§emoYH$m§Zr ‘amR>r ^mfoMo ì¶mH$aUhr {gÜX Ho$bo. ‘amR>r ^mfoÀ¶m A{^‘mZr g‘mO ‘mܶ‘H$mam§Zr ñd^mfm Am{U ñdmV§Í¶mMr {Z‘m©U Ho$bobr hr àoaUm ‘amR>r ^mfobm Zdg§OrdZr XoUmar Am{U OmJ{VH$ gm{h˶, nÌH$m[aVoÀ¶m joÌmV ñWmZ {‘idUmar R>abr. {~«{Q>e amOdQ>rVhr B§J«OrMm A{^‘mZ AgUmam g‘mO hmoVmM. {deofV: {~«{Q>e Ym{O©Ê¶m§Zm B§J«Or ^mfoMm {dbjU A{^‘mZ dmQ>V Ago. n[aUm‘r ‘amR>rdahr gwê$ Pmboë¶m B§J«Or ^mfoÀ¶m A{VH«$‘UmZo ‘amR>r ^mfm hiyhiy ^«îQ> ìhm¶bm bmJbr. Voìhm ñdmV§Í¶dra {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa gmdaH$a Am{U H${dd¶© ‘mYd Á¶w{b¶Z ¶m§Zr ‘amR>r ^mfoÀ¶m ewpÜXH$aUmMr Midi gwê$ Ho$br. gmdaH$am§Zr ‘amR>r ^mfoV éiboë¶m AZoH$ B§J«Or eãXm§Zm ‘amR>r à{VeãXhr {Xbo. A{Ib ^maVr¶ gm{h˶ g§‘obZmVhr ‘amR>r ^mfoÀ¶m ^{dVì¶m~m~V qMVm 춳V hmoV Ago. ñdmV§Í¶mZ§VaÀ¶m H$mimV ^mfmdma àm§VaMZm Pmbr. à˶oH$ amÁ¶mMr ‘mV¥^mfm hoM embo¶ {ejUmMo ‘mܶ‘ Agmdo Am{U ˶m~amo~a B§J«Or-amîQ´>^mfm qhXrMrhr g³Vr àmW{‘H$ {ejUmVhr Agmdr, Ago {Ì^mfm gyÌ A§‘bmV AmUbo Jobo. 1960 ‘ܶo {dX^©, ‘amR>r ^mfH$m§Mo ‘amR>r amÁ¶ ‘hmamîQ´> ñWmnZ Pmbo. g§V VwH$mo~m, g§V kmZoída Aem Wmoa g§Vm§À¶m gm{h˶mMr na§nam Agboë¶m ‘hmamîQ´>mV ‘amR>r ^mfobm amO^mfo~amo~aM ‘mZmMo ñWmZ {‘iob, hr H${dd¶© ‘mYd Á¶w{b¶Z ¶m§Mr Anojm ‘mÌ ImoQ>r R>abr. ‘amR>r hr ‘hmamîQ´>mMr amO^mfm Agbr Var {Vbm ‘mZ-gÝ‘mZ ‘mÌ {‘iV Zmhr. CbQ> {VMr Iwë¶m Am{U CXma‘VdmXr AW©ì¶dñWoÀ¶m YS>mHo$~mO A§‘b~OmdUrZ§Va àM§S> AdhobZm gwê$ Pmbr Amho. n«mXo{eH$ gmIir d¥ÎmnÌo Am{U {d{dY d¥Îm-‘Zmoa§OZ dm{hݶm ‘amR>r Agë¶m Var, ‘amR>r ^mfoMm ‘wS>Xm nmS>m¶Mm CÚmoJ ‘m¶~mobr
‘amR>rÀ¶m ^y‘rVM {Zb©ÁOnUo, amOamognUo gwê$ Amho. ‘m¶~mobr ‘amR>rM AmVm àgma ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m AH«$mi-{dH«$mi AmH«$‘Um‘wio g§H$Q>mV gmnS>br Amho. OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ¶m bmQ>oZ§Va B§J«Or ^mfoMo ñVmo‘ ‘hmamîQ´>mV A{YH$M dmT>bo. n[aUm‘r J«m‘rU ^mJmVhr B§J«Or ‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m emim hOmamoÀ¶m g§»¶oZo gwê$ Pmë¶m AmhoV. Amnë¶m ‘wbmbm ’$mS> ’$mS> B§J«Or ~mobVm Ambo, åhUOo ˶mbm nXdrYa Pmë¶mda bmI/XmoZ bmI én¶mMr ZmoH$ar {‘iUma, Aem ^«‘mV Agboë¶m nmbH$m§Zm AmnU Amnë¶m ‘wbm§Mo ‘mV¥^mfm ‘amR>rnmgyZ d§{MV H$ê$Z ˶mÀ¶m Am¶wî¶mMo dmQ>moio H$arV AmhmoV, ¶mMo ^mZ Zmhr. Amnbm dmMH$ dJ© Am{U lmoVmdJ© B§J«Or ^mfH$M Agë¶mÀ¶m ^«‘mV Agboë¶m àmXo{eH$ ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr Am{U ‘Zmoa§OZ, d¥Îmdm{hݶm§Zrhr ~mVå¶m Am{U ‘m{bH$m§gh B§J«Or eãXm§Mm ^S>r‘ma H$am¶Mm VS>mImM bmdbm Amho. àmXo{eH$ d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m ~mVå¶m§Mr erf©Ho$hr AerM B§J«Or eãXm§Mm ^S>r‘ma H$aUmar AgVmV "dfm©Z§Vahr ßb°pñQ>H$ ~§Xr ’o$b', "gwO¶ {dIo ¶m§Mm go’$ Jo‘', "bmoH$g^onmgyZM goZoMr {’$pëS>rJ', "^mfUm§Mr pñH«$ßQ> ~mam‘VrVyZ', "H$m±J«og‘YyZ ^mOn‘ܶo BZH$q‘J gwê$M', "hdm‘mZmMo AbQ>© AmVm ‘mo~mB©bda {‘iUma', "gܶm Bbo³eZMm {’$da gwê$ Pmbm Amho', "bmoH$m§er H$Zo³Q> hmoʶmgmR>r nmo{b{Q>H$b nmQ>uOZr ݶy Q>op³ZH$Mm dmna dmT>dbm Amho.' hr Pmbr H$mhr ~mVå¶m§Mr erf©Ho$! AmVm boImVrb ‘amR>r ^mfodaMo ho A˶mMma nhm. "H$moUVrhr ’°$eZ Ooìhm g‘mO‘mܶ‘mVyZ Zmdbm¡{H$H$ Agboë¶m gmohiçmVyZ ¶oVo, Voìhm Vr ’°$eZ Q´>|S>‘ܶo ¶m¶bm gm‘mݶ ‘mUgmÀ¶m ZOaoVyZ ‘J Vmo EH$ Q´>|S> ~ZVmo H$s A‘yH$ EH$ A{^ZoÌr qH$dm A{^Zo˶mZo H$m¶ KmVb§ hmoV§? H$moUV§ ’°${~«³g hmoV§, ¶mda MMm© H$ê$Z bmoH$ Vo ’$m°bmo H$aVmV. aoS> H$mn}Q>da ¶oUmè¶m go{b~«oQ>r‘ܶo AmD$Q> {’$Q>g² Am{U S´>ogog~m~VrV ñnYm© AgVoM. A»¶m OJmV Vr ’°$eZ "ñQ>±S> AmD$Q>' hmoB©b,
˶m‘wio Amnë¶m XoemVrb ’°$eZ ½bmo~br ñQ>±S> AmD$Q> åhUOoM ’$m°bmo ìhmdr Aer {S>Pm¶ZaMr BÀN>m AgVo.' "Mm°H$boQ>Mo àm°S>³Q> V¶ma H$aVmZm H$ba Am{U ñ‘ob ¶m§Mm gwaoI ‘oi gmYyZ Ambm VaM Vo àm°S>³Q> CÎm‘ R>aV§. [aAb Mm°H$boQ> AmoiIm¶M§ H$g§ Va, Vwåhr Vo Vmo§S>mV Q>mH$ë¶mda Vw‘À¶m Vm|S>mVrb CîUVo‘wio Vo nQ>H$Z ‘oëQ> hmoV§, Vo [aAb Mm°H$boQ> AgV§.' "EH$m ~mOybm ñQ>r‘a dm Hw$H$a‘ܶo nmUr KmbyZ J°gda R>odm, {^Oboë¶m {nR>mV gm°ëQ> KmbyZ Vo T>moH$içmÀ¶m VmQ>brbm Am°B©b bmdyZ AmoVm. ñQ>r‘a‘ܶo n§Yam {‘{ZQ>o dm’$dm Am{U Z§Va Vo V¶ma Pmë¶mda gìh© H$am.' "hm S´>og à˶oH$ ZddYyH$S>o Agmdm, H$maU ¶m nohamdmgmo~V Iyn H$mhr ‘°M H$aVm ¶oV§, ¶m‘ܶo gܶm ~oëQ> pñbìhMr ’°$eZ Amho. Vwåhmbm hm bwH$ AmUIr Q´>°{S>eZb hdm Agob Va Vwåhr Vmo AZmaH$br n°Q>Z©‘ܶo {S>>PmB©Z H$ê$ eH$Vm. ñQ´>oQ> {’$Q> Hw$˶m©Mr gܶm MbVr AgVmZm Vmo boh§½¶mgmo~V CRy>Z {XgVmo. VgoM ˶mda EImXm em°Q>© Hw$S>Vmhr Mm§Jbm {Xgob. Vwåhmbm EImÚm amOHw$‘margmaI§ bmoH$ doqS>J go{a‘ZrV Q´>rQ> H$arV AgVmV. ˶mdoir Vwåhr EImXm ³bM H°$ar Ho$bm Va ˶mV Vw‘M§ ~o{gH$M§ gm‘mZ Am{U ‘mo~mB©b ~gy eHo$b. VgoM Vo ’°$eZ ñQ>oQ>‘|Q>hr hmody eHo$b. b½ZmV Vwåhmbm XmoÝhr Hw$Qw>§~mH$Sy>Z H§$Q>on[aar Ádobar {‘iV AgVo. nU Vwåhr ˶mVë¶m H$mhr Ádobar AmVmÀ¶m H$mimbm gyQ> hmoVrb, ¶mMr XjVm ¿¶mdr.' "amo‘±{Q>H$ H$m°‘oS>r nQ> ho AemM àH$maÀ¶m ßbm°Q>da AmYmarV AgVmV. ~m°{bdyS>‘ܶo EH$m nmR>monmR> EH$ ñQ>ma {H$S>g² XmIb Pmbo AmhoV. ‘amR>rV ñQ>ma {H$S>g² ’$mago {XgV ZmhrV.' "’o$pñQ>ìhb {gPZ‘ܶo h‘Img ñH$Q>© KmVbo OmVmV. Q´>°{S>eZb ñH$Q>© daVr doñQ>Z© Q>m°n qH$dm doñQ>Z© ñH$Q>© daVr Q´>°{S>eZb Q>m°n Ag§ H$m±{~ZoeZ Kmby eH$Vmo.' CnJ«h dm{hݶm§daÀ¶m ‘m{bH$m Am{U ~mVå¶mV Va B§J«OrVë¶m eãXm§Mo àM§S> ^aVmS>M AgVo. A°³Q>, A°³Q>a, E{ngmoS>, hoAa’$m°b, SopñQ>ZoeZ, ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 73
~«oqH$J ݶyO, Zm°ñQ>m°b{P¶m, ~«oH$’$mñQ>, Am¶S>|Q>rQ>r, {JëQ>r, go{b{~«Q>r, goboãO, hm¶na Q>o§eZ, E³gmB©Q>, em°bmo’«$m¶, ao{gnr, J«±S> {’$Zmbo ¶mgh Ajae: hOmamo eãX ‘amR>rV KwgS>bo Jobo AmhoV. H$mhr ‘amR>r B§J«Or {‘lrV dm³¶o Va IwÔ {b{hUmè¶m§Zm, ~mobUmè¶m§Zm, N>mnUmè¶m§Zm Am{U dmMUmè¶m§Zm g‘OVmV H$s Zmhr, Aer e§H$m ¶oVo. "‘bm Iyn {JëQ>r dmQ>V§¶', "Vy Zm°ñQ>m°b{OH$ hmody ZH$mog', "‘r ’w$S>r Amho', "ho ‘o{S>grZ Q´>m¶ H$a', "‘r H$ao³Q>brM gm§JVmo', "à˶oH$ ñÌrbm {VMm ñnog {‘im¶bmM hdm', "{Q>nrH$b {‘S>b ³bmg gmogm¶Q>rVbo ho bmoH$ AmhoV.' hr dm³¶o nm{hbr Va ‘amR>rÀ¶m ì¶mH$aUmMm H$gm ‘wS>Xm nmS>bm OmVmo, ho AZw^dm¶bm {‘iVo. B§J«OrV ~mobUo åhUOo à{V{îR>VnUm, Aem ^§nH$ doS>mZo VWmH${WV CÀM^«y g‘mOmbm Am{U bmoH$à~moYZmMm dmagm Agboë¶m àgma ‘mܶ‘mZmM Koabo Joë¶mZoM ‘amR>rda ho A˶mMma gwê$ AmhoV. ‘amR>r ^mfoda A{YH$ A˶mMma H$aUmar ‘mܶ‘m§Mr hr B§J«Omibobr {‘l ^mfm. ‘amR>r ^mfoÀ¶m d¡^dr na§naoda Kmd KmbUmar Amho. EH$sH$S>o ‘amR>r ^mfobm A{^{OV ^mfoMm XOm© {‘imdm, Agm Q>mhmo ’$moS>m¶Mm Am{U ‘hmamîQ´>mVM ‘amR>r ^mfoMm Am{U ‘amR>rÀ¶m ì¶mH$aUmMm ‘wS>Xm nmS>m¶Mm hr T>m|J~mOr Pmbr. Ooìhm ^mfm ‘aVo Voìhm Xoehr ‘aVmo. g§ñH¥$VrMmhr èhmg hmoVmo. ^mfH$ Jwbm‘{Jar g§ñH¥$Vrbm IJ«mg J«hU bmdVo. ñdm{^‘mZ Am{U ñdËdmbm MyS> bmdVo. hr ^mfH$ Jwwbm‘{Jar ‘amR>r ^mfoÀ¶m ApñVËdmdaM d‘u Kmd KmbUmar R>aVo Amho. Amåhr ‘amR>rMo A{^‘mZr AmhmoV, Aem JO©Zm H$am¶À¶m Am{U ‘m¶~mobr ‘amR>r ^mfoÀ¶m ApñVËdmdaM Kmd Kmbm¶Mo hm H¥$V¿ZnUm Pmbm. ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌo Am{U CnJ«h d¥Îm, ‘Zmoa§OZ dm{hݶm§da gwê$ Agbobr ‘amR>r ^mfoMr hr {dQ>§~Zm {VÀ¶mdaMo A˶mMma amoIm¶bm hdoV. ‘amR>r ^mfoMo ewpÜXH$aU H$am¶bm hdo. Hw$gw‘mJ«Om§À¶m eãXmV,
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 74
^mfm ‘aVm Xoehr ‘aVmo, g§ñH¥$VrMmhr {Xdm {dPo Jwbm‘^mfH$ hmodyZ Amnë¶m àJVrMo {ea H$mny ZH$m&& ‘amR>r ^mfoVë¶m d¥ÎmnÌo, gm{h˶ Am{U ‘Zmoa§OZ, d¥Îmdm{hݶm§Zr AmnU ‘hmamîQ´>mVë¶m 12 H$moQ>r ‘amR>r ^mfH$m§gmR>r d¥ÎmnÌo à{gÜX H$arV AmhmoV, H$m¶©H«$‘ àgm[aV H$arV AmhmoV, ¶mMo ^mZ R>odm¶bm hdo. gܶmMr ‘mܶ‘m§Mr hr ^mfm ‘hmamîQ´>mVë¶m Xhm Q>³Ho$ ‘amR>r ^mfH$m§ZmgwÜXm g‘OUmar Va ZmhrM, nU Vr ‘amR>rMm Ad‘mZ H$aUmar Amho. mmm
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 3
{ZdS>UwH$m Am{U àgma‘mܶ‘o AmbmoH$ OÌmQ>H$a
OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya
g
Z 2019À¶m gmd©{ÌH$ bmoH$g^m {ZdS>UwH$m§Mm ‘mhm¡b gwê$ Pmbm Amho. MT>˶m H«$‘mZo ˶mMr a§JV dmT>V OmUma Amho, a§J ~XbV OmUma AmhoV. ^maVr¶ bmoH$emhrgmR>r Va {ZdS>UyH$ hm ‘moR>m gmohimM. ¶m gmohù¶mMo ñdê$n ‘mÌ Iyn PnmQ>çmZo nmbQ>V Mmbbo Amho. {deofV… àgma‘mܶ‘m§À¶m dmnamÀ¶m AZwf§JmZo Va Vo IynM nmbQ>bo Amho. gZ 2014À¶m {ZdS>UwH$m§Xaå¶mZ Vo àH$fm©Zo OmUdbo. ‘VXmam§er g§nH©$ gmYʶmgmR>r Zd‘mܶ‘m§Mm H$Yr Zìho BVH$m ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV dmna Pmbm. añ˶mdaÀ¶m àMmag^m Pmë¶m, nU Iam àMma Pmbm Vmo ìhMw©Ab ‘mܶ‘m§ÛmaoM. gd©gmYmaUnUo {ZdS>UwH$m§À¶m àMmam‘ܶo ‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna An[ahm¶© Amho. Amo{n{Z¶Z ‘oH$g© Am{U OZg§kmnZ ¶m XmoZ A{^Þ ~m~r AmhoV. OZ‘V {Z{‘©VrgmR>r OZg§kmnZmMm, ˶mÀ¶m CnbãY gmYZm§Mm dmna hm A{Zdm¶© Amho. ‘mÌ Vmo H$em àH$mao Ho$bm OmVmo, ¶mda ~è¶mM ~m~r Adb§~yZ AgVmV. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 75
^maVmV 1951‘ܶo àW‘V… gmd©{ÌH$ {ZdS>UwH$m Pmë¶m. ^maVr¶ ñdmV§Í¶àmár‘ܶo ‘mobmMr ^y{‘H$m ~OmdUmao gd©M {X½JO {ZdS>UwH$sÀ¶m [a¨JUmV hmoVo. ho ñdmV§Í¶ {‘i{dʶmÀ¶m H$m‘r ‘mobmMr ^y{‘H$m ~OmdUmam nj åhUyZ H$m±J«ogMr à{V‘m OZ‘mZgmV hmoVr. ˶m‘wio BWo {damoYr njm§Mo ñWmZ ZJʶ Agbo Var {ZdS>UyH$ àMmamMr CnbãY gmYZm§Ûmao Ym‘Yy‘ OmoamVM hmoVr. ˶mdoir gmjaVoMm Xa dJ¡ao nmhVm {ZdS>UyH$ àMmamMm Iam Omoa hm àMmag^m§daM A{YH$ AgUo ñdm^m{dH$ hmoVo. ˶mà‘mUo à˶oH$ C‘oXdma ˶m nÕVrZo àMma H$arV hmoVm. d¥ÎmnÌ ho OZg§kmnZmMo ˶mdoir CnbãY AgUmao ‘hÎdmMo gmYZ hmoVo. ‘V{Z{‘©VrgmR>r d¥ÎmnÌm§Mm dmna ˶mdoir Am{U ˶mZ§VaÀ¶m {ZdS>UwH$m§Vhr gmV˶mZo ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV Ho$bm Jobm. 1956À¶m {ZdS>UwH$m§V a§JrV hmo{Sª>½OMm dmna ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV H$aʶmV Ambm. ˶m H$mimV AmH$medmUrMo ‘mܶ‘ Amnbo hmVnm¶ ngaV hmoVo. ˶m {ZdS>UwH$sV ’$ma Zgbm Var nwT>À¶m {ZdS>UwH$snmgyZ ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMmhr àMmamgmR>r Mm§Jbm dmna hmoD$ bmJbm. gmYmaUV… 1967À¶m {ZdS>UwH$m§‘ܶo N>moQ>çm N>moQ>çm {MÌ{’$Vr {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z ˶mÛmao bmoH$m§n¶ªV ñdV…Mo H$m‘ nmohmoM{dʶmMm Am{U ‘hmJmB©, ^«ï>mMma AmXr àH$aUo bmoH$m§g‘moa ‘m§S>ʶmMm à¶ËZ H$aʶmV Ambm. {deofV… amOJmonmbmMmar ¶m§À¶m ñdV§Ì njmZo ¶m ~m~VrV bj doYyZ KoVbo. ˶m ~imda H$mhr amÁ¶m§gh g§gXo‘ܶohr bjUr¶ g§»¶oZo Amnbo C‘oXdma nmR>dyZ EH$ ‘hÎdmMm à^mdr {damoYr nj åhUyZ ñWmZ {‘i{dbo. 1977À¶m AmUr~mUrZ§VaÀ¶m {ZdS>UwH$sV {MÌ WmoS>o doJio {Xgbo. A{^춺$s ñdmV§Í¶mÀ¶m g§H$moMmVyZ Joboë¶m gd©M KQ>H$m§Zr ¶m {ZdS>UwH$sV ZH$mamË‘H$ àMmambm gwadmV Ho$br. Am{U nwT>o hr ~m~hr {ZdS>UyH$ àMmamMm A{d^mÁ¶ KQ>H$ ~Zbr. ˶m {ZdS>UwH$sV àMmag^m, à˶j ^oQ>r ¶mda àMmamMm ^a am{hbm. gÎmméT> gaH$ma CbWyZ Q>mH$ʶmV ¶mdoir {damoYH$m§Zm ¶e àmá Pmbo.
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 76
˶mZ§VaÀ¶m {ZdS>UwH$m§‘ܶo OZg§kmnZmMr gd©M gmYZo AWm©V d¥ÎmnÌo, ao{S>Amo, Q>rìhr Am{U bKw{MÌ’$sVr ¶m§Mm nwaonya dmna gd©M njm§H$Sy>Z gwê$ Pmbm. Om{hamVtMm H$mbI§S>hr ¶oWyZM gwê$ Pmbm. gZ 1991 ho df© ‘mÌ gmè¶m XoemVrbM {MÌ nmbQ>ʶmbm H$maUr^yV R>abo. ImOJrH$aUCXmarH$aU-OmJ{VH$sH$aU ¶m YmoaUmMm ñdrH$ma Ho$boë¶m ^maVm‘ܶo Vmon¶ªV àM{bV AgUmè¶m XÿaXe©Z Am{U AmH$medmUr ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m nbrH$S>o OmD$Z ImgJr dm{hݶm§Mo AmJ‘Z hmoUo, hr ’$ma ‘moR>r Am{U ‘hÎdmMr KQ>Zm hmoVr. XþgarH$S>o g§JUH$ H«$m§VrMo ¶wJ gwê$ Pmbobo hmoVo. B§Q>aZoQ>Mo ¶wJ ¶oD$ KmVbo hmoVo. ˶m‘wio ˶mZ§VaÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mda ¶m Zd g§nH©$ ‘mܶ‘m§Mm ‘moR>m n[aUm‘ Am{U à^md nS>ë¶mMo {XgyZ ¶oVo. dmOno¶r gaH$maMr "em¶qZJ B§{S>¶m' hr ˶m g§X^m©Vbr bjmV amhUmar Am{U ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m dmnamÀ¶m AZwf§JmZo ¶emn¶emÀ¶m MM}nbrH$S>br ‘mohr‘. gZ 2014Mr {ZdS>UyH$ ‘mÌ hr AZoH$mWmªZr doJir R>abr. Vmon¶ªV ^maVr¶ g‘mOmV ‘mo~mB©b Q>o{b’$moZr, g‘mO‘mܶ‘o ¶m§Mm dmna hm {Z¶{‘V Pmbobm hmoVm. nU, ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Zm OZ‘mܶ‘mMm XOm© Úmd¶mMm H$s Zmhr, hm VÁkm§À¶m {S>~oQ>Mm {df¶ hmoVm. VWm{n, n§VàYmZnXmMo ^¸$‘ XmdoXma AgUmè¶m Za|Ð ‘moXr ¶m§Zr à˶j àMmag^m§Mm {OVH$m P§OmdmV {Z‘m©U Ho$bm, ˶mhÿZhr àMmamMm A{YH$ Ywaim ˶m§Zr g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§dê$Z CS>{dbm. hm P§OmdmV BVH$m AmH«$‘H$ hmoVm H$s, ˶m‘ܶo {damoYH$ Odinmg Zm‘moha‘ Pmbo. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ¶m VmH$XrMm ˶m§Zm A§XmO ¶oB©Vmon¶ªV ‘moXr ¶m§Zr {dO¶mda {e¸$m‘moV©~ Ho$bo hmoVo. EZS>rE gaH$maÀ¶m AZoH$ ^ë¶m~wè¶m {ZU©¶m§da ami CS>{dV Am{U {deofV… ^«ï>mMmamÀ¶m Amamonm§Mo amZ CR>{dV g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§gh gd©M CnbãY ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ì¶mgnrR>m§Mm ˶m§Zr nwaonya dmna Ho$bm. {dH$mgmMm ‘wÔm bmoH$mg§‘moa aoQ>bm Am{U ˶m ‘wÚmbm bmoH$m§Zrhr CMbyZ Yabo, ˶m ~imda ZdrZ gaH$mahr ñWmnZ Pmbo.
{ZdS>UwH$m§gmR>r g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna H$aʶmÀ¶m ~m~VrV 2014 MrM nwZamd¥Îmr ¶§XmÀ¶m bmoH$g^m {ZdS>UwH$s‘ܶo hmoUma Amho. ‘mÌ, Joë¶m nmM dfmªÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mV ‘mܶ‘o Am{U g‘mO‘mܶ‘o ¶m§À¶m‘ܶo ‘ybJm‘r ñdê$nmMo ~Xb Pmbo AmhoV, Vohr bjmV KoʶmMr JaO Amho. ñdV… n§VàYmZm§Zm nmM dfmªÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mV nÌH$ma n[afX Koʶmnojmhr ao{S>Amogma»¶m à^mdr ‘mܶ‘mÛmao Xoemer WoQ> "‘Z H$s ~mV' H$aʶmbm àmYmݶ Úmdogo dmQ>Uo AJa {Q‰>Q> H$ê$ZM EImÚm KQ>Zo{df¶r WoQ> ‘m{hVr XoUo A{YH$ ¶mo½¶ dmQ>Uo, ¶mVyZ ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m dmnamMm ~Xbbobm n°Q>Z©M Amnë¶m g‘moa ¶oVmo. Joë¶m {ZdS>UwH$sV g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm BVH$m àM§S> dmna hmoB©b, ¶mMr H$ënZm H$Xm{MV {ZdS>UyH$ ¶§ÌUm§Zmhr Ambr Zgmdr. nU, ¶§Xm Joë¶m AZw^dmÀ¶m AmYmamda emgZmÀ¶m ‘r{S>¶m g{Q©>{’$Ho$eZ A°ÝS> ‘m°{ZQ>[a¨J H${‘Q>rH$S>o (‘mܶ‘ à‘mUrH$aU d g§{Z¶§ÌU g{‘Vr) ‘mܶ‘, àMmanÌHo$ B˶mXtMr Or VnmgUr Ho$br OmVo, ˶m‘ܶo g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm àmYmݶmZo g‘mdoe H$aʶmV Ambm Amho. ‘mÌ, ho H$m‘ {VVHo$M {OH$sarMo Am{U Jw§VmJw§VrMo Amho, hohr {VVHo$M Iao! ‘Yë¶m H$mbI§S>mV ’o$H$ ݶyO ho àH$aU IynM Mmbbo. ˶mnydu, Ago àH$ma ZìhVo, Ago Zmhr. Jm°{gqnJ qH$dm gm°âQ> ’o$H$ Ago ˶mMo ñdê$n hmoVo, ‘mÌ Iè¶mMo nyU©V… ImoQ>o qH$dm g§nyU©V… ImoQ>oM nga{dʶmMr àM§S> Aer bmQ> g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo Ambr. ¶m bmQ>onmgyZ amhþb Jm§Yr, ‘‘Vm ~°ZOu Va gmoS>mM, nU, ‘hmË‘m Jm§YtnmgyZ Vo n§{S>V Zohê$n¶ªV H$moUrhr dmMy eH$bo ZmhrV, BVHo$ ho ’o$H$ ݶyOMo àH$aU gwê$ Pmbo. ¶m‘ܶo Amü¶©H$maH$[a˶m nrAm¶~rgmaIr gaH$mar àMma¶§ÌUm gwÕm AS>H$br. n§VàYmZm§À¶m nyaJ«ñV {d^mJmÀ¶m hdmB© nmhUrMr ’o$H$ N>m¶m{MÌo ¶m g§ñWoH$Sy>Z àgm[aV H$aʶmV Ambr. ˶mMm Iwbmgm ˶m§Zm ‘mJmhÿZ H$amdm bmJbm. N>m¶m{MÌm§À¶m ~m~VrV Va ‘m°{’ª$J H$ê$Z AJXr H$mhrhr MwH$sÀ¶m Jmoï>r nga{dʶmMr OUy ñnYm©M g‘mO‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m dmnaH$˶mª‘ܶo gwê$ Pmbr.
¶mMmM nwT>Mm àH$ma åhUOo Q´>moqbJ. gmYmaUV… 2014Z§VaÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mV Q´>moqbJ hm eãX g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m g§X^m©V gmV˶mZo EoHy$ ¶oD$ bmJbm. Am{U 2016‘ܶo Amboë¶m ñdmVr MVwd}Xr ¶m§À¶m "Am¶ E‘ A Q´>mob' ¶m nwñVH$m‘wio g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§da Yw‘mHy$i KmbV Agboë¶m nJmar Q´>mobg©À¶m ’$m¡O’$mQ>çmMr H$hmUrM OJmg‘moa Ambr. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m J¡admnamM§ EH$ CKS§>ZmJS§> dmñVd ¶m nwñVH$mÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ OJmg‘moa Amb§. H$moUr Amnë¶m{damoYmV H$mhr {bhrVmo Amho, Ag§ {Xgb§ H$s ˶mÀ¶m‘mJo nJmar Q´>mobg©Mr ’$m¡O gmoSy>Z Úm¶Mr Am{U BVH§$ g§ÌñV H$ê$Z gmoS>m¶M§ H$s, ˶mZ§hr {dM{bV hmoD$Z ˶mÀ¶m hmVyZ H$mhr MwH$sM§ {bhrb§ Omd§ Am{U ˶mZ§Va ‘J ˶mbm ~amo~a H¡$MrV nH$S>Vm ¶md§, Agm hm Q´>moqbJMm Q´>°n H$ê$Z ˶mV ^ë¶m^ë¶m§Zm Jw§S>miʶmM§ EH$ ‘moR>§ fS>¶§Ì g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§da H$m¶©aV H$aʶmV Amb§. Am{U AmVm Va nJmar Q´>mobg©À¶m nbrH$S>o ñd¶§godr Q´>mobg©ZrM ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§da Yw‘mHy$i gwê$ Ho$bm. Amnë¶m XoemMo ~hþg§»¶ VéU ~i g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ì¶mgnrR>mda H$m¶©aV Amho, ‘m{hVrgmR>r Adb§~yZ Amho. nwñVHo$, d¥ÎmnÌo ¶m§À¶mgma»¶m A{YH¥$V ‘m{hVr XoUmè¶m ì¶mgnrR>m§nojmhr VËH$mi ‘m{hVr àmá H$ê$Z XoUmao ì¶mgnrR> åhUyZ g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo Iam; ‘mÌ, ˶mM ì¶mgnrR>mMm dmna H$ê$Z ’o$H$ ݶyO, ~ZmdQ>r nmoñQ>Mm ‘mam H$ê$Z ¶m VéUmbm Iè¶m ‘m{hVrnmgyZ d§{MV R>odyZ, ‘m{hVrMr ehm{Zemhr Z H$aVm {VMm àgma H$aʶmg àd¥Îm H$aUmè¶m Anàd¥Îmr ¶oWo Omo‘mZo ’$mo’$mdë¶m AmhoV. ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr, A’$dm jU^amV XoemV ngadyZ ˶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ XoemV AamOH$ {Z‘m©U H$aʶmMo, Xoembm doR>rbm YaʶmMo, ^oXm^oX dmT>{dʶmMo àH$ma haKS>r KS>VmhoV. nm{H$ñVmZmVë¶m H$amMrV EH$m ~mbH$mMo AnhaU Pmë¶mMm pìh{S>Amo ìhm¶ab H$ê$Z Vo AnhaU Amnë¶m n[agamVM KS>ë¶mMr dmVm© g‘mOH§$Q>H$m§Zr ngadbr Vr ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§‘YyZM. ˶m‘wio XoemVrb nmbH$m§V AñdñWVm ngabr Am{U {R>H${R>H$mUr ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 77
AnhaUH$V} g‘OyZ JmoaJar~ g‘mOmVë¶m bmoH$m§Zm R>oMyZ ‘maʶmn¶ªV ¶m XoemVë¶m "{Zînmn' OZVoMr ‘Ob Jobr. nmaYr g‘mOmVë¶m Aghm¶ Jar~ bmoH$m§Zm JmdÀ¶m MmdS>rV H$m|Sy>Z ˶m§Zm XJS>mZo R>oMyZ ‘maUmè¶m EH$mÀ¶mhr ‘Zmbm ˶m§À¶m {ZînmnVoMr ehm{Zem H$amdrer dmQ>V Zmhr, XJS> ‘maVmZm hmV WaWaV Zmhr, BVH$s Ag§doXZerbVm ¶m g‘mOmV {Z‘m©U hmoʶmg H$maUr^yV H$moUmbm R>admdo? bmoH$m§Zm, ì¶dñWobm, g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Zm H$s ˶mdarb ¶m Q´>mob ’$m¡Oobm? åhUOo Vwåhr Jar~ Agm, nU Jar~ {Xgm¶Mo ‘mÌ Zmhr; Aer hr {d{MÌ H$m|S>r Amho. XþgarH$S>o, gmYo ‘Q>U KoD$Z {ZKmboë¶m bmoH$m§Zm Jmo‘m§gmMo dhZ H$aVmV åhUyZ noQ>dyZ ‘mabo OmVo. H$m¶ÚmMo ajU H$aUmao hmV doJio AgVmZm ¶m§Zm H$m¶Xm hmVmV KoʶmMo YmS>g ¶oVo H$moRy>Z? hr Ho$di Ag§doXZerbVm Amho H$m? hmo AmhoM; ‘mÌ Ag§doXZerbVohÿZ A{YH$ H$mhr Var ¶m‘mJo Jw§Vbo Amho, H$m¶©aV Amho. ho Zo‘Ho$ H$m¶ Amho? ‘m¶m ‘Vo, Amnë¶m g‘mOmbm Á¶m Om{VY‘m©À¶m ^oXm^oXm§Mm emn Jobr hOmamo df} J«mgbobm hmoVm Am{U ^maVr¶ amÁ¶KQ>ZoZo ˶m gdmªZm H$m¶ÚmZo H$mJXmonÌr g‘Vm, ~§YwVm, gm‘m{OH$ ݶm¶ Am{U g{hîUwVoMm g§Xoe XoD$Z {Vbm§Obr {Xbobr hmoVr, Xoʶmg ^mJ nmS>bo hmoVo Am{U Joë¶m gmR>-gÎma dfmªV EH$ Y‘©{Zanoj amï´> åhUyZ Amnbm OJ^amV R>gm C‘Q>{dʶmV AmnU ¶eñdrhr Pmbmo AmhmoV. ˶m gdmªZm AmVm {Vbm§Obr XoʶmMo à¶ËZ A˶§V OmoaXmanUo nwÝhm S>moHo$ da H$mT>V AmhoV. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Zm ˶mgmR>r hñVH$ åhUyZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV dmnabo OmD$ bmJbo Amho. Amnë¶m XoemVë¶m à˶oH$ g‘mOmÀ¶m Om{VJV g§doXZm§Zm AmdmhZ H$ê$Z ˶m Zì¶mZo ZH$mamË‘H$ nÕVrZo MoV{dë¶m OmV Amho, ˶m§Zm AmdmhZ Ho$bo OmV Amho, AmìhmZ {Xbo OmV Amho, EH$‘oH$m§{déÕ C^o amhʶmg ^mJ nmS>bo OmV Amho. ˶m§Zr EH$‘oH$m§{déÕ C^m amhmdo, ˶m§À¶mXaå¶mZ H$m¶‘ñdénr EH$ Xar {Z‘m©U ìhmdr; ˶m§Zr EH$ amï´>, EH$ g‘mO åhUyZ nwÝhm C^o ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 78
amhÿ Z¶o, ¶mgmR>r EH$ H$UIa ¶§ÌUm gj‘nUo ^y{‘JV nÕVrZo, g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ìhÀ¶w©Ab ì¶mgnrR>m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z nÕVeranUo H$m¶©aV H$aʶmV Ambr Amho. EHo$ H$mir EImXm g‘mO Amnë¶m hmVmImbr Jwbm‘ åhUyZ H$m‘ H$arV hmoVm, Vmo AmVm {ejUmZo {dMmar, g‘§Og hmoD$Z VmR> ‘mZoZo Amnë¶mg‘moa C^m amhVmo, ho Joë¶m {nT>rn¶ªV éMV ZìhVo, ho H$mhr A§er AmnU ‘mݶhr H$ê$. nU, AmVm OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mV Or {nT>r OÝ‘br Amho, Or g§nyU© ñdmV§Í¶mMm Cn^moJ KoVo Amho, {VÀ¶mH$Sy>Z ½bmo~b ^mfm ~mobbr OmʶmMr, Adb§~br OmʶmMr Anojm Yam¶Mr H$s nwÝhm ˶m§Zr Amnë¶m ~mnOmÚm§À¶m OmVrMm Xþam{^‘mZ ~miJyZ Zì¶mZo Om{Vì¶dñWoMo g‘W©H$ åhUyZ Vm|S> da H$mT>mdo, Agm AmJ«h Yam¶Mm? Zì¶m {nT>r‘ܶo hm Om˶m{^‘mZ, Y‘m©{VaoH$s Ag{hîUwVm Zì¶mZo q~~{dUmar EH$ ñdV§Ì ¶§ÌUm J{V‘mZ Ho$br Jobr Amho, g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ì¶mgnrR>mdéZ. Amnë¶mbm àJVrnWmdéZ À¶wV H$aʶmgmR>r, Xoe~m§Ydm§àVr Amnë¶m g§doXZm, ghdoXZm, gm¡hmXm©Mr ^mdZm g§Hw${MV H$aʶmgmR>r ¶m gmè¶mMm dmna H$aʶmV ¶oVmo Amho; AJXr Amnbmhr ˶mgmR>r dmna Ho$bm OmVmo Amho, ¶mMo ^mZhr ¶m {nT>r‘ܶo Z ¶oD$ XoVm. ^maVr¶ amÁ¶KQ>ZoZo hm Xoe- ñdmV§Í¶mnydu H$Yrhr EH$g§Y ZgUmam ^maV Xoe EH$én, EH$Ord H$aʶmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo. Á¶m gm§{dYm{ZH$ ‘yë¶m§Mr, ‘mZdr ‘yë¶m§Mr XoUJr amÁ¶KQ>ZoZo Amnë¶mbm àXmZ Ho$br Amho, {Vbm haVmi ’$mgʶmMo, {Vbm§Obr dmhʶmMo àH$ma g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ì¶mgnrR>m§déZ haKS>r hmoVmZm {XgV AmhoV. ìhÀ¶w©Ab ‘mܶ‘m§nwaVmM hm qhgmMma ‘¶m©{XV AgVm Var EH$dma ˶mH$S>o H$mUmS>moim H$aVm ¶oUo eŠ¶ Pmbo AgVo. ‘mÌ, à˶jmV ¶m XoemV {R>H${R>H$mUr ‘mOboë¶m AamOH$mÀ¶m Ûmao {H$˶oH$ bmoH$m§Mr àmUmhþVr, ~ir Am{U amï´>r¶, gm‘m{OH$Am{W©H$ g§nÎmrMo ZwH$gmZ ¶m Xoembm gmogmdo bmJbo Amho, Joë¶m ZOrH$À¶m H$mbI§S>mV. ¶m nmœ©^y‘rda, Á¶oð> {dMmad§V ZmoAm‘ Mm°åñH$s
¶m§Zr ‘mܶ‘m§Mo dV©Z-ì¶dhma {Z¶§{ÌV H$aUmar Or n§MgyÌr ‘m§S>br Amho, Vr A{Ve¶ ‘m{‘©H$ ñdénmMr Amho. ‘mܶ‘m§Mr ‘mbH$s Am{U Z’o$~mOr, Om{hamVtMm ‘hgyb, A{YH¥$V òmoVm§er {hVg§~§Y, ì¶dñWoVrb CƒnXñWm§er g§Kf© Am{U H¥${Ì‘ ^¶{Z{‘©Vr hr nmM gyÌo Mm°åñH$s gm§JVmV. ‘mܶ‘m§Mr ‘mbH$s hr ì¶mdgm{¶H$ AJa Am¡Úmo{JH$ g‘yhm§H$S>o EH$dQ>br Amho. ñdm^m{dH$nUo ˶mV Zâ¶mMm {dMma gdm}ƒ AgVmo; ~mH$s ‘mܶ‘m§H$Sy>Z Ano{jV AgUmar VÎdàUmbr VoWo ~°H$grQ>da AgVo. Z’o$Imoar {eaOmoa Pmbr H$s, ñdmW© gmYʶmgmR>r ì¶dñWoer OdirH$ Am{U bm§JybMmbZ ¶m ~m~r nmR>monmR> ¶oVmVM. Om{hamVtVyZ {‘iUmè¶m ‘hgwbmV d¥ÕrgmR>r Om{hamVXmam§er {hVg§~§Y OmonmgUo Am{U dmT>{dUo, ‘m{hVr XoUmè¶m òmoVm§er {d{dY àH$maMo {hVg§~§Y {Z‘m©U hmoUo AJa OmUrdnyd©H$ {Z‘m©U H$aUo Am{U Amnbo dM©ñd {Z‘m©U H$aUo AJa A~m{YV amIʶmgmR>r {d{dY KQ>H$m§‘ܶo ˶m§À¶m ApñVËdm{df¶r H¥${Ì‘ ^¶{Z{‘©Vr H$ê$Z Amnbo ñWmZ ~iH$Q> H$aʶmgmR>r ˶mM ^¶mMm dmna H$ê$Z KoUo ¶m ~m~tMm dmna AmOKS>rbm ‘mܶ‘gÎmm H$arV Amho Am{U ˶mMm dmna amOgÎmoÀ¶m ~iH$Q>rH$aUmgmR>r H$ê$ {Xbm OmV Amho. amOgÎmmhr Amnbo ñWmZ ~iH$Q> H$aʶmgmR>r ‘mܶ‘gÎmoer AW©gÎmoMr gm§JS> KmbyZ ¶m Xmohm|Mm ¶WmJaO dmna H$adyZ KoV Amho. ¶m gmè¶m ~m~tMm gZ 2019À¶m {ZdS>UwH$sda n[aUm‘ hmoUma Amho. Zd‘VXma åhUyZ ¶§XmÀ¶m {ZdS>UwH$sV àW‘M {‘bo{Z¶‘ OZaoeZ CVaV Amho. {ZH$mb à^m{dV H$aʶmBVH$s ˶m§Mr g§»¶m bjUr¶ Amho. EH${dgmì¶m eVH$mV OÝ‘boë¶m ¶m {nT>rda Zd‘mܶ‘m§Mm àJmT> à^md Amho. ˶mV VmaVå¶mMm, {ddoH$mMm ^mJ {H$VnV CVabobm Agob, ho {ZH$mbmZ§VaM ñnï> hmoB©b AmVm! mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 79
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 3
{deof ‘mܶ‘ a§J lram‘ nqMÐo
H$m¶©H$mar g§nmXH$ X¡. nwT>mar
_w§~B©Vbm _amR>r Q>¸$m H$m Kgabm? _w§~B©Vrb _amR>r Q>¸$m PnmQ>çmZo KgaV Agë`mMo 2011 À`m ^m{fH$ OZJUZoZwgma AmT>iyZ Ambo AgyZ, hm Ahdmb à{gÕ Pmë`mZ§Va _amR>r _mUgmÀ`m nmoQ>mV Jmoim Ambm Amho. _amR>r ^mfoÀ`m Am{U _mUgmÀ`m ZmdmZo amOH$maU ~aoM Pmbo; na§Vw _amR>r Q>¸$m H$_r H$m hmoV Amho, `mda Aä`mg Am{U Cnm``moOZm H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ Pmbo ZmhrV. {JaÊ`m ~§X nS>ë`mnmgyZ _w§~B©V _amR>rMr Yyn gwê$ AgyZ, AmVm A_amR>r bmoH$à{V{ZYr _w§~B©VyZ Amam_mV {ZdS>UyH$ qOH$VmV Aer n[apñWVr Ambr Amho. `m_mJrb H$maUm§Mm emoY Jm§^r`m©Zo KoUo JaOoMo Amho. XoemMr Am{W©H$ amOYmZr Agbobr _w§~B© _hmamï´>mV Agë`mMm _amR>r _mUgmbm A{^_mZ AgVmo Am{U Vr _hmamï´>mnmgyZ doJir Ho$br OmÊ`mMr ^rVrhr Zoh_r dmQ>V AgVo. _w§~B©Vbm _amR>r _mUgm§Mm KQ>Vm Q>¸$m hm _amR>rOZm§Zm qMVoMm {df` dmQ>V AgVmo. _w§~B©V ~mhoê$Z ñWbm§V[aV hmoD$Z Amboë`m§Mr g§»`m _moR>r Agë`m_wio _w§~B©V _amR>r H$_r hmoV Jobr Am{U qhXr ^mfoMm dmna dmT>V Jobm. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 80
_mV¥^mfoÀ`m AZwf§JmZo Omhra Ho$boë`m 2011 À`m OZJUZoÀ`m AhdmbmV åhQ>bo Amho H$s, _w§~B©V qhXr ^mfm g_OUmè`m bmoH$m§Mr g§»`m 40 Q>ŠŠ`m§n`ªV dmT>br Amho. EH$sH$S>o qhXr hr A~y Ym~rgma»`m ehamV Ý`m`mb`rZ ì`dhmamMr {Vgar _hÎdmMr ^mfm R>aë`mMm AmZ§X ^maVr`m§Zm Pmbm Amho, Va XþgarH$S>o qhXr ^m{fH$m§_wio _w§~B©Vrb _amR>r ^m{fH$m§Mr g§»`m H$_r hmoV Agë`mMo AmH$S>odmar gm§JV Agë`m_wio _amR>r _mUgm§À`m nmoQ>mV Jmoim Ambm Amho. _w§~B©V qhXr ~mobUmè`m§Mr g§»`m 25.88 bmIm§dê$Z 35.98 bmIm§da nmohmoMë`mMo à{gÕ Pmbo Amho. XþgarH$S>o, _amR>r g_OUmè`m Am{U ~mobUmè`m§Mr g§»`m 2.64 Q>ŠŠ`m§Zr H$_r Pmë`mMo AmH$S>odmar gm§JVo Amho. 2001 _Ü`o hr g§»`m 45.23 bmI hmoVr, Va XhmM dfmªV Vr 44.04 bmIm§n`ªV CVabr Amho. åhUOoM, H$mhr {Xdgm§Zr qhXr ~mobUmè`m§Mr g§»`m _amR>r ^m{fH$m§nojm A{YH$ hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. AWm©V, _amR>r hr AmOhr _w§~B©V gdm©{YH$ ~mobbr OmUmar ^mfm AgyZ, Ë`mnmR>monmR> qhXr, D$X©ÿ Am{U JwOamVrMm H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo. qhXr_Ü`o B§Q>aZoQ>da A{YH$ "gM©' hmoV AgyZ, _m{hVrÀ`m emoYmMr Vr AmR>dr gdmªV _moR>r ^mfm R>abr Amho, Ago JyJbZo 2018 _Ü`o gm§{JVbo hmoVo. _amR>r ^m{fH$m§Mr g§»`m _w§~B©V 2001 Vo 2011 `m H$mbmdYrV PnmQ>çmZo H$_r hmoVmZm {XgyZ Ambo Amho. `mM H$mbmdYrV _w§~B©Vrb JwOamVr ^m{fH$m§Mr g§»`m 14.34 bmIm§dê$Z 14.28 bmIm§da Ambr AgyZ, hr KgaU {H$aH$moi åhUmdr Aer Amho. D$X©ÿ ~mobUmè`m§Mr g§»`m 2001 _Ü`o _w§~B©V 16.87 bmI hmoVr, Vr 2011 _Ü`o 14.59 bmI Pmbr Amho. Joë`m H$mhr dfmªV Ho$di _w§~B©VM qhXr ^m{fH$mMr g§»`m dmT>br Amho Ago Zmhr, Va bJVÀ`m am`JS> Am{U R>mUo {Oëøm§_Ü`ohr qhXr ^m{fH$m§_Ü`o Vã~b 80 Q>ŠŠ`m§n`ªV dmT> Pmbr Amho. _w§~B©V gm_mÝ`V… H$moH$U, npíM_ _hmamï´>mVyZ bmoH$ ñWbm§V[aV hmoVmV. Ë`mM~amo~a JwOamV, Jmodm `oWyZ _w§~B©V ñWm{`H$
hmoUmè`m§Mr g§»`m _moR>r Amho, Agohr hm Ahdmb gm§JVmo. `m ~Xbm§_mJrb H$maUm§Mm emoY KoVbm AgVm _w§~B©Vrb {JaÊ`m ~§X nS>ë`mZ§Va VoWrb Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmMo ñdê$n ~Xbbo Am{U Ë`m_wio hm ~Xb Pmë`mMo bjmV Ambo Amho. _w§~B©V Ë`mZ§Va `oUmè`m ñWbm§V[aVm§_Ü`o {~hma Am{U CÎma àXoemVyZ `oUmè`m§Mr g§»`m _moR>çm à_mUmda dmT>br Amho. _w§~B© _amR>r _mUgmMr, AerM _w§~B©Mr AmoiI AgVmZm Joë`m Xhm-n§Yam dfmªV _amR>r _mUyg gmVË`mZo H$m H$_r hmoV Amho, `mMm emoY KoVbm nm{hOo. _w§~B©VyZ _amR>r _mUgm§Mr g§»`m H$_r hmoÊ`mMr AZoH$ H$maUo AmhoV. _amR>r _mUgmbm _w§~B©V amhUo nadS>V Zmhr, åhUyZ Vmo CnZJam§_Ü`o amhm`bm Jobm. R>mUo, dgB©, {dama, H$ë`mU Aem ^mJm§_Ü`o _amR>r _mUyg dmñVì` H$ê$ bmJbm. na§Vw _w§~B©Vrb Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmbm AZwgê$ZM `mhr ^mJm§Mm {dH$mg hmoV Agë`m_wio AmVm `m ^mJmVhr _amR>r _mUgmbm amhUo nadS>oZmgo Pmbo Amho. OrdZe¡br nadS>V Zgë`m_wio Pmbobo ho ñWbm§Va _ZmnmgyZ Pmbobo Zmhr. _w§~B© gmoS>Umè`m _ amR>r _mUgm§Mr Kao Am{U OmJm IaoXr H$aUmao AWm©VM qhXr ^m{fH$ A{YH$ hmoVo. nmhVm-nmhVm _w§~B©Mm ^m{fH$ nmoV ~XbV Jobm. AmO{_Vrg A_amR>r ZoVo _w§~B©VyZ Amam_mV {ZdSy>Z OmVmV. _amR>r _mUgm§Mr Am§XmobZohr _w§~B©V \$maer à^mdr R>aV ZmhrV, Ago AbrH$S>rb H$mimV {XgyZ `oD$ bmJbo Amho. nydu _amR>r _mUgmMm AmdmO _w§~B©V _moR>m hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`m hmHo$da Am§XmobZo KS>V hmoVr. hr n[apñWVr AmVm am{hbobr Zmhr. gmh{OH$M gm_m{OH$ ~Xbm§~amo~a amOH$s` ~Xbhr _w§~B©V KS>bo. _amR>r bmoH$m§Mm H$b gm_mÝ`V… {edgoZogma»`m njmH$S>o Va A_amR>r bmoH$m§Mm H$b ^mOn Am{U AÝ` njm§H$S>o Agë`mMo {MÌ nydu hmoVo. na§Vw AmVm ^mOnMo bmoH$à{V{ZYr _ w§~B©Vrb H$moUË`mhr {ZdS>UwH$sV _moR>çm g§»`oZo {ZdSy>Z `oVmV, `m dmñVdmMm AÝd`mW© bmdUo Amdí`H$ Amho. amOH$s`ÑîQ>çm _w§~B©V _amR>r _mUyg EH$Xm _mJo nS>bm Va nwT>o _w§~B© H$m~rO H$aUo _amR>r _mUgmbm ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 81
AdKS> hmoD$Z ~gob. amOH$s` joÌmV _hmamï´> Zd{Z_m©U goZoMm CX` Pmë`mZ§Va _amR>r _mUgmÀ`m h¸$mgmR>r nwÝhm EH$Xm OmoaXma AmdmO CR>{dbm Jobm. aoëdoÀ`m ZmoH$a^aVrnmgyZ \y$Q>nmWdarb hm°H$g©n`ªV AZoH$ {R>H$mUr _amR>r _mUgmMr Vir CMbyZ _ZgoZo Am§XmobZo Ho$br. na§Vw nydu _amR>r _mUgmMm AmdmO _mZë`m Joboë`m {edgoZoH$Sy>Z Joë`m H$mhr dfmªV Aem ñdê$nmMr Am§XmobZo \$maer Pmbobr ZmhrV. _ amR>r _mUgmbm `mo½` H$m_ _w§~B©V {_iV Zmhr Am{U {_imboM Va Ë`mVyZ {_iUmao CËnÞ _w§~B©V dmñVì` H$aÊ`mg nwaogo ZgVo, hr à_wI ~m~ _amR>r _mUgmMm Q>¸$m H$_r hmoÊ`mg H$maUr^yV R>abr. _amR>r _mUgm§Mr _w§~B©Vrb KQ>Umar g§»`m dmT>dm`Mr Agob, Va _w»`Ëdo Am{W©H$ H$maUm§Mm {dMma H$am`bm hdm Am{U Ë`mda Cnm``moOZm H$am`bm hdr. AÝ`Wm amOH$maU \$mo\$mdV amhrb Am{U _amR>r _mUgmMo ‘w§~B©Vrb dmñVì` hm B{Vhmg ~ZyZ OmB©b. "AmZ§X' Jocm Hw$UrH$S>o...? ^maVmV bmoH$ {H$Vr Iyf AmhoV `mMr Amnë`mbm H$ënZm Zgob. nU bmoH$m§À`m AmZ§XmMm doY ¿`m`Mm R>adbm Va Aem AmZ§Xr bmoH$m§Mr g§»`m H$_rM Agob Oo gd© àH$mao g§Vwï> AmhoV qH$dm Iwe AmhoV. ~hþVm§e bmoH$ Á`m_Ü`o Jar~ Am{U lr_§V XmoÝhr àH$maMo bmoH$ AmhoV Vo qMVmJ«ñV, hVme Am{U Xþ…IrM Agë`mMo {XgyZ `oVo. Jar~ Xþ…Ir AgÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr H$mhr H$maUo AmhoV Va lr_§Vm§Mr Xþ…I doJir AmhoV. `m n[apñWVrV àíZ {Z_m©U hmoVmo H$s Amnbm AmZ§X Zo_H$m hancm` Hw$R>o? AmnU H$m AmZ§XmV Zmhr AmhmoV? ^maVr` AmZ§Xr ZmhrV, ho Hw$Ur {damoYr njmMm ZoVm åhUV Zmhr`o Va hr ~m~ gd}jUmVyZ g_moa Amcr Amho. AcrH$S>oM Pmcoë`m OmJ{VH$ ñVamdarc gd} jUmVyZ nwÝhm EH$Xm hr ~m~ ñnï> Pmcr Amho. Joë`m dfuÀ`m VwbZoV AmZ§Xr cmoH$ AgUmè`m Xoem§À`m H«$_ dmarV ^maV nwÝhm Imbr Kgabm Amho. `mMmM AW© Agm H$s Joë`m EH$m dfm©V bmoH$m§Mm AmZ§X {hamdyZ KoUmao qH$dm Vmo H$_r H$aUmao g_mOmV H$mhr ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 82
Var KS>bo Amho. gñQ>oZo~b S>odbn_|Q> gmoë`weÝg ZoQ>dH©$ `m g§`wº$ amï´> g§KmÀ`m g§ñWoZo AmZ§X `m{df`r 156 Xoem§Mr `mXr Omhra Ho$br Amho. Ë`m_Ü`o Joë`m dfuÀ`m H«$_m§H$mnojm ^maV gmV nm`è`m Imbr Ambm Amho. `mdfu ^maV 140 ì`m ñWmZr Amho. Joë`m dfu ^maVmMm H«$_m§H$ hmoVm 133. hr Jmoï> BWë`m amÁ`ì`dñWocm, gm_m{OH$ ì`dñWocm Am{U ZmJarH$ åhUyZ Amnë`mcmhr {dMma H$am`cm cmdUmar Amho. àíZ Agm {Z_m©U hmoVmo H$s ^maVmVrb bmoH$ AmZ§Xr H$m ZmhrV? AmZ§Xr Xoem§Mr hr `mXr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ {ZH$fm§Mm AmYma KoVbm OmVmo. XoemVrb XaS>moB© CËnÞ, gm_m{OH$ ghH$m`©, gm_m{OH$ ñdmV§Í`, CXmaVm, ^«ï>mMma Am{U Amamo½`, {ejU `m§Mm Ë`m_Ü`o g_mdoe Amho. AmnU `mn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr {ZH$fmda nyU©Ëd AmUy eH$bmo Zmhr qH$dm H$moUVohr {ZH$f nyU© H$ê$ eH$cobmo Zmhr ho `m H«$_dmar KgaUrVyZ {XgyZ `oVo. Ë`m_wioM n[apñWVr A{YH$m{YH$ Iam~ hmoV Jobr Amho. JVdfuÀ`m VwbZoV ^maV EH$ nm`ar Oar da MTbm AgVm Var AmnU "Xoe ~Xc ahm h¡' ho _mÝ` Ho$co AgVo. nU ^maVmMr KgaU hr n[apñWVr A{YH$M dmB©Q> hmoV Mmbë`mMo {ZXe©H$ Amho. AmíM`m©Mr Jmoï> åhUOo nm{H$ñVmZ `m `mXr_Ü`o 68 ì`m ñWmZmda Amho. XþgarH$S>o ~m§½bmXoe 125 ì`m ñWmZmda Amho. MrZ 93 ì`m ñWmZmda Amho. hr ~m~ Am{e`m I§S>mVrc MrZImcmoImcMr _moR>r _hmgÎmm ~Zy nmhUmè` ^maVmcm {dMma H$am`cm cmdUmar Amho. XþgarH$S>o, OJmVrc gdmªV eŠVremcr amï´> AgUmè`m A_o[aHo$Vrc cmoH$m§À`m Am`wî`mVrc AmZ§Xhr H$_r Pmcocm `m gd}jUmVyZ {XgyZ Amcm Amho. O_©Zr, a{e`m, OnmZ gma»`m Xoem§_Ü`ohr n[apñWVrMo g§Ho$V Mm§Jbo ZmhrV. `mMmM AW© `m àJV Xoem§Zrhr AmË_ qMVZ H$aÊ`mMr JaO Amho. ^maVmMm {dMma H$aVm AmO OJmVrb gdm©V H$_r AmZ§Xr ZmJarH$ AgUmè`m gr[a`m, `_Z,
A\$Jm{UñVmZ, Q>m§Pm{Z`m, adm§S>m, gyXmZ `m§À`m am§JoV AmnU OmV AmhmoV. ^«ï>mMma, Hw$nmofU, {ejU Am{U Amamo½` VgoM àmW{_H$ JaOm§À`m H$_VaVm, ~oamoOJmar hr ^maVmÀ`m `m KgaUrMr H$maUo AmhoV, ho Hw$Urhr ZmH$mê$ eH$Uma Zmhr. AmO ^maVm_Ü`o ~oamoOJmarMm AmboI doJmZo da MT>Vmo Amho. VéU {nT>rVrb _moR>m {hñgm hm VUmd, Z¡amí` `m§gma»`m g_ñ`m§Zr J«ñV Amho. {ejU Am{U Amamo½` joÌm_Ü`o R>mog qH$dm ^amd H$mhr hmoV Agë`mMm Xmdm Ho$bm OmVmo nU Ë`mMo {ZîH$f© _mÌ {ZamemOZH$M AmhoV. ~mbHo$ Am{U _{hbm `m§À`m_Ü`o _moR>çm g§»`oZo Hw$nmofU hmoV Agë`mMo {XgVo Amho. ~oKa bmoH$m§À`m AmH$S>çmMr Va JUZmM Zmhr. Jar~r Xÿa H$aÊ`mÀ`m Zmdmda Á`m `moOZm am~dë`m OmVmV Ë`mbm ^«ï>mMmamMr bmJU Pmbobr Amho. Ë`m_wioM Jar~r {Z_y©cZ ho EH$ ñdßZ Pmbo Amho. XoemVrb ~hþg§»` eoVH$ar J§^ra g§H$Q>mbm gm_moao OmV AmhoV Am{U H$Om©_wio ÌñV hmoD$Z AmË_ hË`m H$aÊ`mÀ`m KQ>Zm dmT>V AmhoV. gm_m{OH$ ñVamda nmhVm ZmJ[aH$m§Mo ñdmV§Í` Am{U A{^ì`º$s ñdmV§Í` `mdê$Z àíZ{MÝh {Z_m©U hmoV Amho. àXþfUmMr EH$ _moR>r Am{U J§^ra g_ñ`m ^maVmg_moa Amho. OJmVrb gdm©V _moR>çm 20 àXþ{fV eham§_Ü`o ^maVmVrb 15 eham§Mr JUZm hmoVo Amho. Aer EH§$Xa n[apñWVr AgVmZm gm_mÝ` OZVm H$m Am{U H$er AmZ§Xr amhÿ eHo$b. `m nmíd©^y_rda n[apñWVr gwYmaÊ`mgmR>rÀ`m à`ËZm§Zm VmVS>rZo àma§^ H$am`bm hdm. ho Ho$di gaH$maMo H$m_ ZgyZ, gm_m{OH$ ñVamda nañnam§Zm AmZ§Xr H$aÊ`mMo à`ËZ ìhm`bm hdoV. nwT>rb dfu ^maVmMr pñWVr gwYmabobr {Xgbr nm{hOo. `m gd© dñVwpñWVrÀ`m nmíd©^y_rda EH$ Jmoï> _mÝ` H$amdr bmJVo. Vr åhUOo {dH$mgmMo Oo _m°S>ob KoD$Z AmnU YmdV AmhmoV Am{U gdm©{YH$ doJmZo {dH${gV hmoV Agbobr AW©ì`dñWm åhUyZ A{^_mZ ~miJV
AmhmoV, Vo _m°S>ob bmoH$m§Zm AmZ§X XoÊ`mV H$_r nS>Vo Amho. XoemVrb AmZ§X dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r AmZ§Xmer, g§Vmofmer g§~§{YV _mZgemór` KQ>H$hr {dMmamV ¿`mdo bmJVrb. XoemVrb A{YH$m§e bmoH$ Amnë`m JaOm§À`m nyV©VogmR>r VgoM nmíMmË` g§ñH¥$Vr AmË_ gmV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Or YS>nS> H$aVm, Ë`m _mo~Xë`mV H$m¡Qw>§{~H$, gm_m{OH$ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZmVrb AmZ§XmnmgyZ Vo d§{MV hmoVmV. Hw$Qw>§~m§_Ü`o VUmd dmT>Vmo. g§ñH$mam§Mr H$_VaVm OmUdVo. Z¡amí`mMr _ mZ{gH$Vm dmT>V OmVo. Aem pñWVrV AmZ§X åhUOo H$m`, `m àíZmnmgyZM à~moYZmbm gwédmV ìhm`bm hdr. Ho$di ZmoQ>m§À`m amer aMë`m_wio AmZ§X {_iV Zmhr, Va Ë`m _mo~Xë`mV J_mdboë`m H$m¡Qw>§{~H$, gm_m{OH$ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZmVM IamIwam AmZ§X bnbobm AgVmo. Hw$Qw>§~mV X~mdmMo Zìho Va ào_ Am{U g§ñH$mam§Mo dmVmdaU Agob, VaM KamV AmZ§XmMm g§M` H$aVm `oVmo. AmZ§Xr Xoem§À`m n§º$sV daMo ñWmZ nQ>H$mdUmè`m Xoem§à_mUo Amnë`mbm gd©gm_mÝ` _mUgmÀ`m _yb^yV JaOm§Mr nyV©Vm H$aÊ`mMm VgoM gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am{U Z¡{VH$ _yë`o OnÊ`mMm g§Xoe KoVbm nm{hOo. XoemV Z¡{VH$ _yë`m§Mr àñWmnZm H$aÊ`mgmR>r R>mog Am{U ì`yhmË_H$ à`ËZ H$am`bm hdoV. AmZ§Xr Xoem§À`m `mXrV gÜ`m ^maVmMo ñWmZ IynM Imbr Amho. na§Vw Am{W©H$gm_m{OH$ {MÌ ~XbVmZm {XgV AgyZ, Ë`mAmYmao XoemV AmZ§X dmT>rg bmJÊ`mÀ`m eŠ`Vm {ZpíMV AmhoV. \$º$ `m eŠ`Vm§Zm à`ËZnyd©H$ JVr Úm`bm hdr. n¡gm Am{U g_¥Õr Agob Va AmZ§X {_iVmoM Ago Zmhr, ho Va Amnë`mbm nydunmgyZM gm§{JVbo OmV Amho. AmZ§XmÀ`m g§H$ënZoV YZ-g§nÎmrMo EH$ ñWmZ Oê$a Amho; na§Vw AmZ§Xr Xoem§À`m `mXrV lr_§V Xoem§Mm H«$_m§H$hr ImbMmM Amho, ho bjmV ¿`m`bm hdo. ‘mܶ‘o Am{U g‘mO{hV ¶mMm {dMma H$aVmo Voìhm ‘mܶ‘dJmªZr ¶m KQ>Zm§Zm àmYmݶ Úm¶bm nm{hOo.
mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 83
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 3
Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maU^maVr¶ ‘mܶ‘m§Mr Ñï>r AZ¶ OmoJioH$a
Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$s¶ ‘mܶ‘{díbofH$
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aVmV dV©‘mZnÌm§Zm gwédmV hmoD$Z 220 dfª nyU© hmoV Ambr AmhoV. ~miemór Om§^oH$am§Zr Xn©U ho n{hbo dV©‘mZnÌ gwé H$éZhr 187 dfª nyU© Pmbr AmhoV. nm¡am{UH$ H$mimV ZmaX ‘wZr {ÌI§S>mVrb ~mVå¶m Xod-XmZdm§Zm nwadm¶Mo. ‘hm^maVmV g§O¶mZo aU^y‘rdaMm d¥Îmm§V Ogm KS>bm Vgm Y¥Vamï´>mbm gm§JUo ¶mbmhr EH$ àH$maMo WoQ> àjonUM åhUm¶bm hdo. AZoH$ ñdmV§Í¶ goZmZtZr Midi åhUyZ dV©‘mZņ Mmbdbr. ˶mV bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$, ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr, ñdmV§Í¶dra gmdaH$a Vo n§{S>V Zohé ¶m gdmªMm g‘mdoe Amho. AZoH$ ñdmV§Í¶goZmZr gd© {dbm¶VoV {eHy$Z Amë¶m‘wio VgoM Am¶wî¶mMm ‘hÎdmMm H$mi VoWo H$m¶©aV Agë¶m‘wio, VgoM VoWrb amOH$s¶ MiditMm Am{U H«$m§Ë¶m§Mm ˶m§À¶mda à^md Agë¶m‘wio nÌH$ma åhUyZ ˶m§À¶m boIZmV XoemoXoetÀ¶m ‘hÎdmÀ¶m KQ>Zm Am{U ˶m§Mo ^maVmda hmoUmao n[aUm‘ ¶m§Mo à{Vq~~ C‘Q>V hmoVo. ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va n§{S>V Zohé XoemMo n{hbo n§VàYmZ Pmbo. ˶m§Zm ñdV…bm Am§Vaamï´>r¶ g§~§Ym§À¶m joÌmV éMr Agë¶mZo ˶m§Zr naamï´> ì¶dhmanX ˶m§À¶m ‘¥Ë¶yn¶ªV åhUOoM 1964 gmbmn¶ªV, ñdV…H$S>oM R>odbo hmoVo. Zohé ho A{báVmdmXr MidirMo EH$ g§ñWmnH$ hmoVo. g‘H$mbrZ AmKmS>rÀ¶m OmJ{VH$ Zo˶m§‘ܶo ˶m§Mo Zmd KoVbo Om¶Mo. ˶m‘wio XoemVrb ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m Ñï>rVhr OmJ{VH$ KS>m‘moS>tMr XIb KoVbr OmB©b Agm ˶m§Mm AmJ«h hmoVm. Zohé§Z§Va n§VàYmZ Pmboë¶m B§{Xam Jm§Yr ¶m§À¶mH$mimV ^maV nyU©V… a{e¶mÀ¶m ~mOyZo PwH$bm. "B§{Xam BO B§{S>¶m' Aem àH$maMr ‘Zmod¥Îmr Agë¶m‘wio ˶m§À¶m H$mimV XoemVrb bmoH$emhr g§ñWm§Mo X‘Z H$ê$Z ˶m§Zm gaH$maMr ar AmoT>ʶmg ^mJ nmS>ʶmMo à¶ËZ Ho$bo Jobo. ¶mV àgma‘mܶ‘m§MmXoIrb g‘mdoe hmoVm. ¶m‘wio ñdmV§Í¶mnmgyZ Vo erV¶wÕmÀ¶m AIoan¶ªV ‘hÎdmÀ¶m OmJ{VH$ KQ>Zm Og§ ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 84
H$s, H$mo[a¶m ¶wÕ, MrZ Am{U V¡dmZ, pìhEVZm‘ ¶wÕ, Aa~-Bòm¶b g§Kf©, Š¶w~m Vo BamU‘Yrb Bñbm{‘H$ H«$m§Vr ¶m§Mm d¥Îmm§V XoVmZm VgoM ˶mda ^mî¶ H$aVmZm ^maVr¶ ‘mܶ‘m§da gmå¶dmXr Am{U g‘mOdmXr {dMmaÑï>rMm nJS>m hmoVm. Ago Agbo Var EH$ ‘mݶ H$am¶bm hdo H$s, XoemÀ¶m AmKmS>rÀ¶m B§J«Or Am{U àmXo{eH$ dV©‘mZnÌm§V Am§Vaamï´>r¶ KQ>Zm§Mr R>iH$nUo XIb KoVbr Om¶Mr. nU 1990À¶m XeH$mZ§Va hr n[apñWVr PnmQ>çmZo ~Xbbr. AmO XoemV gw‘mao 70000 d¥Îmņ AgyZ 400 hÿZ A{YH$ d¥Îm dm{hݶm AmhoV. ¶m H$mbmdYrV XoemV AZoH$ pñW˶§Va§ Ambr. g°Q>obmBQ> dm{hݶm gwê$ Pmë¶m‘wio bmoH$m§Zm Ka~gë¶m ~r~rgr, grEZEZ gma»¶m dm{hݶm ~KVm ¶oD$ bmJë¶m. 1991 gmbr grEZEZda n{hbo AmImVr ¶wÕmMo ^maVr¶m§Zr VmodaÀ¶m B{VhmgmV n{hë¶m§XmM WoQ> àjonU nm{hbo. ¶m dm{hݶm§À¶m VwbZoV ^maVr¶ dm{hݶm§Mr Am§Vaamï´>r¶ KQ>Zm§Mo àjonU H$aʶmMr Am{W©H$ Am{U Vm§{ÌH$ j‘Vm ~oVmMrM hmoVr. Xþgam {dñ’$moQ> gmjaVoMm Pmbm. XoemVrb ‘mܶ{‘H$ {ejU KoVboë¶m bmoH$m§À¶m g§»¶oV àM§S> ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda dmT> Pmbr. ˶m‘wio AZoH$ dV©‘mZnÌm§Mm In H$mhr nQ>tZr dmT>bm. Om{hamVt{edm¶ dV©‘mZnÌ ì¶dgm¶ VmoQ>çmV MmbV Agë¶m‘wio A{YH$m{YH$ OmJm Om{hamVtgmR>r IM© hmoD$ bmJbr. Zdgw{e{jV dJm©bm dV©‘mZnÌmVrb ‘w»¶V… ñWm{ZH$ Am{U àmXo{eH$ ~mVå¶m dmMʶmV ag Agë¶mZo Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maUmdarb ~mVå¶m§gmR>r OmJm H$‘r hmoD$ bmJbr. ¶mM H$mimV ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZmMmhr {dñ’$moQ> Pmë¶m‘wio bmoH$m§Zm Amnë¶m AmdS>rÀ¶m ~mVå¶m B§Q>aZoQ>da OJ^amVrb H$moU˶mhr dV©‘mZnÌmVyZ WoQ> dmMVm ¶oD$ bmJë¶m. hm dJ© dmMH$ åhUyZ hmVmVyZ Joë¶mMmhr Am§Vaamï´>r¶ {df¶m§À¶m OmJoda n[aUm‘ Pmbm. XoemV B§J«OrÀ¶m ~mob~më¶m‘wio {eH$bobm dJ© àmXo{eH$ ^mfm§gmo~VM qH$dm àmXo{eH$ dV©‘mZnÌ ~§X H$éZ B§J«Or dV©‘mZnÌ KoD$ bmJbm Va Zdgmja dJ© àmXo{eH$ dV©‘mZnÌm§Mm
ZdrZ J«mhH$ ~Zbm. VrM AdñWm d¥Îmdm{hݶm§Mr Pmbr. ¶m H$mbmdYrV ‘mܶ‘m§Mr ‘mbH$s Or nydu d¡Mm[aH$ Midirer OmoS>br hmoVr, ì¶mdgm{¶H$VoH$S>o PwH$br. n{hbo d¥Îm H§$nݶm Amë¶m Am{U Joë¶m H$mhr dfmª‘ܶo d¥Îm‘mܶ‘ ì¶dgm¶mer XoU§KoU§ Zgboë¶m H§$nݶm§Zr ¶m joÌmV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda hmVnm¶ ngabo. ¶m gJù¶mMm n[aUm‘ Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maUmÀ¶m ^maVr¶ ‘mܶ‘m§Vrb OmJoda hmoD$Z ˶mbm EH$ àH$maMr AmohmoQ>r bmJbr. nmoIaU-2À¶m AUwMmMUrZ§Va, Am{U nm{H$ñVmZgmo~V H$maJrb ¶wÕmZ§Va ^maVmMr Am§Vaamï´>r¶ nmVirda XIb ¿¶m¶bm gwédmV Pmbr. 21ì¶m eVH$mV àdoe Ho$ë¶mZ§Va XmoZ-Mma dfmªMm AndmX dJiVm AW©ì¶dñWm gamgar 7%hÿZ A{YH$ doJmZo dmTy> bmJbr. ‘moR>çm g§»¶oZo ^maVr¶ bmoH$ ZmoH$ar-Y§ÚmgmR>r VgoM n¶©Q>ZmgmR>r OJmÀ¶m gwXÿa Xoem§‘ܶo OmD$ bmJbo. 2014 gmbr Za|Ð ‘moXr n§VàYmZ Pmë¶mZ§Va ˶m§Mo ‘°amWm°Z naXoe Xm¡ao, hOmamo ^maVr¶m§À¶m ˶m§Zr KoVboë¶m g^m, OmJ{VH$ Zo˶m§er àñWm{nV Ho$bobo {‘ÌÎdmMo ZmVo Am{U OmJ{VH$ Zo˶m§Zr ^maVmbm ‘moR>çm g§»¶oZo {Xboë¶m ^oQ>r ¶m‘wio naamï´> YmoaU Am{U Am§Vaamï´>r¶ g§~§Y ¶m {df¶m§‘ܶo gm‘mݶ ^maVr¶m§Zm ag {Z‘m©U Pmbm. àmXo{eH$ ^mfm§‘YyZ ¶m {df¶m§da {b{hUmao nÌH$ma Am{U boIH$ nwT>o Ambo. S>moZmëS> Q´>§n ¶m§À¶m {dO¶mZ§Va A‘o[aHo$Mr AmË‘‘¾Vm, ¶wamonr¶ ‘hmg§Kmbm Ambobr ‘aJi, Aa~ OJmVrb ZmQ>瑶 KS>m‘moS>r, MrZMm OmJ{VH$ nQ>bmda EH$ ‘hmgÎmm åhUyZ Pmbobm CX¶, X{jU MrZ g‘wÐmÀ¶m nbrH$S>o OmD$Z qhX Am{U àem§V ‘hmgmJamV {R>H${R>H$mUr ì¶mnmar Am{U Zm{dH$ Vi {Z‘m©U H$aʶmMo MrZMo à¶ËZ, ˶m‘wio H$mo[a¶m, OnmZ, Am{g¶mZ Xoem§er ˶mMo {dVwï>, gmH©$ Xoem§V MrZZo Ho$bobm àdoe ¶m‘wio Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maUmMo H|$Ð n{ü‘oH$Sy>Z nyd}H$S>o gaH$bo Amho.^maVmMo ñWmZ ¶m ~m~VrV n{ü‘ A{e¶m Am{U nyd© A{e¶m ¶m§À¶m ‘Ymo‘Y Amho. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 85
˶m‘wio Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maUmV ^maVr¶ Ñï>rH$moZ OJ^a nmohMdʶmMr JaO AmO H$Yr Zìho EdT>r ‘moR>r Pmbr Amho. XþX£dmZo AmnU ¶m ~m~VrV H$‘r nS>Vmo. Ho$di ì¶mdgm{¶H$ Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ XO}Xma Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maUmdarb d¥Îm Am{U ^y{‘H$m {Z‘m©U hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. gd©àW‘ ^maVr¶ Ñï>rH$moZ H$m¶ Amho ¶mMr nÌH$mam§Zm gImob kmZ {‘iʶmMr ì¶dñWm {Z‘m©U H$am¶bm hdr.Amnë¶mH$S>rb AmKmS>rÀ¶m {dÚmnrR>m§V Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maUmer g§~§{YV {df¶ {eH$dbo OmV ZmhrV qH$dm ˶m§Mm Aä¶mgH«$‘ H$mi Am{U ì¶dhma gwg§JV ZgVmo. ì¶dhma gwg§JV åhUOo AW©ì¶dñWm, D$Om©, ì¶mnma, Jw§VdUyH$, Y‘© Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr ho gJio {df¶ Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maUmda à^md Q>mH$V Agë¶m‘wio ¶m joÌmVrb nÌH$m[aVm H$aUmè¶m§Zmhr ˶m§Mr OmU AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. Xþgam ‘wÔm åhUOo ¶m joÌmV ^maVmMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ nmohMdʶmgmR>r àM§S> Jw§VdUyH$ hmoʶmMr Amdí¶H$Vm Amho. ¶m~m~VrV MrZZo H§$~a H$gbr Amho. {eZhþAm ¶m MrZr d¥Îmg§ñWoMo, OJ^amV 170 ã¶wamo AmhoV. ^maVmÀ¶m nrQ>rAm¶Mo 20hÿZ H$‘r Xoem§‘ܶo ã¶wamo AmhoV. ¶m{edm¶ {eZhþAm OJ^amVrb AmKmS>rÀ¶m ^mfm§‘ܶo dV©‘mZņ Am{U {Z¶VH$m{bH§$ MmbdVo. gmCW Mm¶Zm ‘m°{ZªJ nmoñQ> ho Jobr 115 dfª hm±JH$m±J‘YyZ àH$m{eV hmoUma§ à‘wI B§J«Or dV©‘mZņ, ˶mMm In 1 bmImhÿZ H$‘r Pmë¶m‘wio ~§X nS>ʶmÀ¶m ‘mJm©da hmoVo. MrZr B-H$m°‘g© H§$nZr A{b~m~mZo Vo 2015 gmbr {dH$V KoVbo Voìhm Ago dmQ>bo hmoVo H$s, A{b~m~mMm g§ñWmnH$ O°H$ ‘m, dm°qe½Q>Z nmoñQ> {dH$V KoUmè¶m A°‘oPm°ZMm g§ñWmnH$ Oo’$ ~oPmogMo AZwH$aU H$aV Agmdm. AmVm A{b~m~m ½bmo~b ‘m°{ZªJ nmoñQ>bm OmJ{VH$ ñdê$n XoʶmMm à¶ËZ H$aV AgyZ ˶mÀ¶m ZdrZ ñdê$nmV 5 n¡H$s 4 dmMH$ hm±JH$m±JÀ¶m ~mhoaMo AmhoV. ¶m dV©‘mZnÌmVyZ naVmdm {‘iʶmMr eŠ¶Vm H$‘r AgyZhr ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda n¡gm Jw§Vdbm
OmV Amho. ¶m‘mJohr MrZ gaH$ma Agy eH$Vo Ago AZoH$ gwajm Vkm§Mo ‘V Amho. ˶m§À¶m OmoS>rbm MrZZo OJ^amVrb {dÚmnrR>m§‘ܶo MrZr ^mfm Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr ¶m§À¶m {ejUmgmR>r H$Ý’w${eAg BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> ñWmnZ H$am¶bm gwédmV Ho$br Amho. AmO OJ^amV gw‘mao 800 H$Ý’w${eAg BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> AgyZ H$Ý’w${eAg Šbmgé‘ Yaë¶m Va hm AmH$S>m 1600À¶m da OmVmo. Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maUmMo d¥Îmm§H$Z H$aVmZm Amnë¶mbm kmZmMr Am{U AmË‘{dœmgmMr H$‘r ¶m XmoÝhr AS>MUtMm gm‘Zm H$amdm bmJVmo. EH$ bmoH$emhr Xoe AgyZ AmnU naamï´> g§~§Ym§~m~V Joë¶m 70 dfmªVrb ‘moR>çm H$mbI§S>mMo S>m°Š¶w‘|Q>oeZ qH$dm Zm|XUrH$aU Ho$bo Zmhr, Am{U Oo Ho$bo Vo gdmªgmR>r CnbãY Ho$bo Zmhr. ˶m‘wio ^maVr¶ nÌH$ma Am{U {dMmad§Vm§À¶m H$mhr {nT>çm ^maVmÀ¶m X¥{ï>H$moZmnojm naXoer Ñ{ï>H$moZmbm OmñV ‘hÎd XoVo. ~mbmH$moQ> ¶oWrb O¡e E ‘h§‘XÀ¶m XheVdmXr à{ejU H|$Ðm§da h„m Ho$ë¶mZ§Va VgoM qdJ H$‘m§S>a A{^Z§XZ ¶m§Zr nm{H$ñVmZMo E’$-16 bT>mD$ {d‘mZ nmS>ë¶mZ§Va ^maVr¶ dm¶wgoZm Am{U naamï´> {d^mJmÀ¶m àdº²$¶m§da Amnë¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Zr XmoZ-Mma {Xdg {dœmg R>odbm. nU àH$aU W§S> hmoVmM ¶m KQ>Zobm ݶy-¶m°H©$ Q>mBåg, Jm{S>©¶Z qH$dm am°¶Q>g©gmaIr ‘mܶ‘§ H$m XþOmoam XoV ZmhrV ¶m~m~V {dMmaUm gwê$ Pmbr. AmO AmKmS>rÀ¶m B§J«Or dV©‘mZ nÌmVrb Am§Vaamï´>r¶ {df¶m§À¶m nmZmdarb ~hþVoH$ gd© ~mVå¶m OmJ{VH$ d¥Îm g§ñWm§H$Sy>Z KoVboë¶m AgVmV. AmKmS>rÀ¶m d¥Îm dm{hݶm§Zm ñdV…Mo {dXoe à{V{ZYr R>odUo nadS>V Zgë¶m‘wio EHy$UM Am§Vaamï´>r¶ amOH$maUmdarb ~mVå¶m§Zm H$‘r doi {‘iVmo Am{U Omo {‘iVmo ˶mV gyÌm§À¶m hdmë¶mZo ~mVå¶m XmIdVmV. ^maVmgma»¶m hmoD$ KmVboë¶m ‘hmgÎmobm BVŠ¶m ‘hÎdmÀ¶m {df¶mda Jm’$sb amhmUo qH$dm Ho$di ì¶mdgm{¶H$ J{UVm§Mm {dMma H$aUo nadS>ʶmgmaIo Zmhr. AmVm Amnbr ñnYm© A‘o[aH$m Am{U {~«Q>Zgmo~V MrZerhr Amho.
mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 86
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 3
ݶyO M°ZëgMr {dídmgmh©Vm {‘qbX ^mJdV ݶyO-18 bmoH$‘V
Jo
ë¶m H$mhr H$mimV ‘mܶ‘m§M§ JméS> g‘mO‘Zmda dmT>V Mmbb§ Amho. ¶m ‘mܶ‘m‘ܶo gd© àH$maMm gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m Amho. Am{U gJù¶mV ‘hÎdmM§ Amho, Q>rìhr ‘mܶ‘ AZ² ˶mVhr ~mVå¶m.. Q>rìhr ‘mܶ‘mV Ia§Va ‘Zmoa§OZ dm{hݶm§M§ à‘mU gJù¶mV OmñV Amho. nU H$mhr ‘hËËdmM§ KS>V Agob qH$dm {ZdS>UwH$m AgVrb Va d¥Îm dm{hݶm§M§ ‘hËËd AMmZH$ dmT>V§. Vo ñdm^m{dH$ Amho. ~mVå¶m g‘mOmn¶ªV nmohmoMdUmao gd© KQ>H$ åhUOo d¥ÎmnÌ, AmH$medmUr, d¥Îmdm{hݶm, do~gmB©Q> Am{U AbrH$S>À¶m H$mimV ¶y Q>çy~, ìhm°Q²gA°n, ’o$g~wH$, {Q‰>Q>a, BÝñQ>mJ«m‘. ¶mVbr d¥ÎmnÌ na§nam Iyn ‘moR>r Amho. AmH$medmUr H$mimÀ¶m AmoKmV WmoSr Wm§~ëmr qH$dm ‘mJo nS>bmgmaIr Pmbr Amho. Ooìhm dm{hݶm, ¶wQ>çy~ B. Jmoï>r Zìh˶m Voìhm bmoH$m§Zm ‘m{hVr, ~mVå¶m {‘iʶmMm EH$M {dœmgmh© ‘mJ© hmoVm, d¥ÎmnÌ.. nwT>o H$mi ~Xbbm, Q>rìhr Ambm.. ˶mda ~mVå¶m gwê$ Pmë¶m.. ‘mUyg KS>boë¶m KQ>ZoÀ¶m Ñî¶mgh ~mVå¶m Úm¶bm bmJbm, H$moU H$m¶ åhUmbo Vo KQ>ZmñWimdê$Z à˶j {Xgy bmJb§ Am{U gJioM OU§ Q>rìhrÀ¶m ‘Zmoa§OZm~amo~aM ~mVå¶m§À¶m gwÕm ào‘mV nSy> bmJbo. à˶j Ñí¶ {Xgy bmJë¶m‘wio ˶mMr {dœmgmh©Vm dmTy> bmJbr.. nydu nonabm N>mnyZ Ambo åhUOo Ia§ Ag§ åhUUmar bmoH§$ nwT>o hoM d¥Îm dm{hݶm§À¶m ~m~VrV åhUy bmJbo. bmoH$m§Mm d¥ËVdm{hݶm, ˶m§Mo à{V{ZYr, d¥Îm {ZdoXH$ ¶m§À¶mda EH$ {dœmg ~gbm. Aem dm{hݶm§da Amnë¶m {dMmam§Zm ñWmZ {‘iV§¶ Ag§ dmQy> ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 87
bmJb§ Am{U d¥Îm dm{hݶm Am{U bmoH$m§M§ ZmV§ AmUIr ÑT> Pmb§.. n H$Yr gwê$ Pmbm A{dœmg? AZoH$ df© dm{hݶm Am{U bmoH$m§Mm {dœmg ¶m§M§ AVyQ> ZmV§ hmoV§. nU Á¶m Xaå¶mZ d¥ÎmnÌm§À¶m~Ôb noS> ݶyOMr MMm© gwê$ Pmbr, ˶mM Xaå¶mZ dm{hݶm Am{U A{dœmg hm {df¶ gwê$ Pmbm. gmYmaU 10 dfmªnydu noS> ݶyOÀ¶m {df¶mZo d¥ÎmnÌ OJV hmXab§. gdm}ÀM ݶm¶mb¶mn¶ªV IQ>bm Mmbbm, Z§VaÀ¶m {ZdS>UwH$m§À¶m Xaå¶mZ d¥ÎmnÌm§gmR>rgwÕm H$mhr {Z¶‘ Ambo. VemM nÕVrZo dm{hݶm§gmR>r gwÕm H$mhr {Z¶‘ Ambo. H$mhr ~§YZ§ dm{hݶm§Zr gwÕm ñdV:hÿZ KmbyZ KoVbr. nU dm{hݶm§À¶m {dœmgmh©Voda n{hb§ ^b§ ‘moR>§ àý{MÝh {Z‘m©U Pmb§. Vo g§gXoVë¶m 2008 À¶m "H°$e ’$m°a ìhmoQ>' àH$aUmZo. bmoH$g^oV gaH$ma {Q>H$dʶmgmR>r n¡go {Xbo-KoVbo Joë¶mMm Amamon Pmbm. ^mOnmÀ¶m ImgXmam§Zm ‘V XoʶmgmR>r n¡go {Xë¶mMm Amamon Pmbm. WoQ> bmoH$g^oÀ¶m g^mJ¥hmVM ho n¡go AmUbo Jobo Am{U Xoe^a hmhmH$ma CS>mbm. ¶mZ§Va H$mhr amï´>r¶ dm[hݶm§Zr pñQ>§J Am°naoeZ Ho$br. Á¶mV bmoH$g^oV àý {dMmaʶmgmR>r n¡go KoVë¶mM§ pñQ>§J Pmb§ Am{U nwÝhm EH$Xm Ii~i CS>mbr. 2000 nmgyZ nwT>À¶m XeH$^amV d¥Îmdm{hݶm§‘ܶo pñQ>§J Am°naoeZM§ nod ’w$Q>b§ Am{U Aem pñQ>§JMm Cn¶moJ ^ë¶m ~amo~aM ~wè¶m Jmoï>tgmR>r hmoD$ bmJë¶mM§ g‘moa Amb§. I§S>Ur, n¡go H$‘mdUo, d¡¶{º$H$ ’$m¶Xo CnQ>Uo, Y‘H$mdUo Aem Jmoï>r nwT>o Amë¶m. ¶m‘wio bmoH$m§Mm ‘mܶ‘m§daMm {dœmg H$‘r Pmbm. n ’$moZ àH$aUmZo H$ig JmR>bm 2008 ‘ܶo XoemÀ¶m amOH$maUmV Am{U d¥Îm‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo Ii~i CS>dUmar AmUIr EH$ ~mV‘r Ambr. Vr åhUOo Zram amS>r¶m àH$aU. ì¶mnma Am{U amOH$s¶ joÌmV bm°q~J H$aUmè¶m Zram amS>r¶m ¶m§Zr {d{dY amOH$maUr, ì¶mdgm{¶H$, nÌH$ma Aem AZoH$m§Zm Ho$bobo gw‘mao 300 nojm OmñV ’$moZ H$m°b Am¶H$a {d^mJmZo EH$m Mm¡H$er Xaå¶mZ Q>°n Ho$bo. ¶m‘ܶo amOH$maUr, nÌH$ma ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 88
Am{U CÚmoOH$m§Mo bm°q~J g‘moa Amb§. ¶m‘ܶo {X„r pñWV ~aIm XÎm, à^y Mmdbm, E‘. Ho$. doUy, dra g§Kdr, Zm{dH$m Hw$‘ma Aem ~S>çm nÌH$mam§Zr ‘§Í¶m§H$S>o bm°q~JgmR>r Ho$bobo H$maZm‘o CKS> Pmbo. nÌH$ma H$m¶ H$m¶ CR>mR>odr H$aVmV Agm àý CnpñWV Ho$bm Jobm. Omo H$mhr à‘mUmV Iamhr hmoVm. ¶m Am{U Aem KQ>Zm§‘wio bmoH$m§Mm d¥Îm ‘mܶ‘m§daMm {dœmg H$‘r Pmbm... Á¶m ‘mܶ‘m§da bmoH§$ S>moio PmHy$Z {dœmg R>odm¶Mo, ˶m§À¶mH$S>o ~moQ>§ XmIdV bmoH§$ àý CnpñWV H$ê$ bmJbo. H$mhr d¥Îm dm{hݶm§da MmbUmè¶m H$mhr MMm© Am{U {ZdS>UwH$m§Xaå¶mZMo H$mhr [anmoQ>© ho EH$m§Jr Agë¶mM§ {ZXe©Zmg Amb§. Am{U àojH$m§H$Sy>Z {dMmab§ OmUma§ àý{MÝh A{YH$ ‘moR>§ Pmb§.. n {‘{S>¶m dmB©Q> Zmhr {‘{S>¶m dmB©Q> Zmhr, dmnaUmam dmB©Q> Agob Va ˶mMm dmna dmB©Q> hmoVmo d CJrMM {‘[S>¶mÀ¶m ZmdmZo bmoH$ IS>o ’$moS>VmV. ‘Z M§Jm Vmo H$ImoQ>‘o J§Jm. EImXr ~mV‘r Amho Ver XmIdUo Oar ~amo~a Agbo Var Vr Ver XmIdbr Va ‘moR>o dmXi {Z‘m©U hmoD$Z OmVr¶ X§Jbr {Z‘m©U hmoUma AgVrb Va Vr Ver XmIdm¶Mr H$m hm ‘hËËdmMm {dMma Amho Am{U {dMma ‘ZmVyZ {Z‘m©U hmoVmo åhUyZ ‘r åhQ>bo H$s ‘Z AJmoXa Mm§Jbo hdo. AmnU Á¶m g‘mOmV amhVmo ˶m g‘mOmÀ¶m KQ>H$mMo dmB©Q> hmoD$ Z¶o ¶mMr H$miOr AmnU åhUOo nÌH$m[aVoZo KoVbr nm{hOo. nÌH$ma hm ¶m ~m~VrV ’$maM ‘moR>m KQ>H$ Amho. {‘{S>¶m åhUOoM nÌH$ma. VmoM Va ˶mMo à{V{Z{YËd H$aVmo. Vmo H$Vm© Amho. ˶mÀ¶m H$‘m©Mr ’$io ˶mbm EH$Q>çmbm Zìho Va nyU© g‘mOmbm ^moJmdr bmJVmV. åhUyZ gmamgma {dMma hm ‘hËËdmMm Amho. Xþgao åhUOo, ~mV‘rMr dñVw{ZîR>Vm. ¶mMr ¶mo½¶ ehm{Zem H$ê$ZM Vr g‘mOmg‘moa ¶mdr. VaM nÌH$ma g‘mOmÀ¶m {dœmgmh©Vobm nmÌ amhVmo. Vo MwH$sMo {ZKmbo Va ˶mÀ¶mda XJS>’o$H$, ‘mahmU Aem {d{MÌ Jmoï>rbmhr gm‘moao Omdo bmJVo. nÌH$m[aVm hr XþYmar Vbdma Amho. Vr H$er Mmbdbr OmVo¶ ¶mda ˶mMr {dœmgmh©Vm Adb§~yZ Amho. dñVw{ZîR>Vm,{dœmgmh©Vm ho nÌH$mamÀ¶m aº$mV Agm¶bm hdo. Va Vmo Iam nÌH$ma.
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 89
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 3
‘mܶ‘ {ejU e{eH$m§V H$moR>oH$a
ì¶dñWmnH$s¶ g§MmbH$ EÝñnm¶a dëS>© àm. {b.
H$mo
U åhUV nm°{b{Q>Šg‘ܶo åhUOo amOH$maUmV Om¶bm {ejUM hdo AgVo.. Am{U H$m¶ JaO Amho nÌH$ma åhUOo Mm§Jbm {eH$bobm, {dMmad§VM Agbm nm{hOo. XmoÝhr dJm©Vrb bmoH$m§Zr H$mhr ~mobbo, H$mhr {b{hbo H$s, g‘mOmbm ZdrZ {Xem ‘mJ© XmIdbm OmVmoM H$s, Ia§M! H$m¶ JaO Amho H$m nÌH$ma {eH$bobm AgʶmMr. h„r Va H$moUrhr CR>Vmo JmS>rda àogMm pñQ>H$a bmdVmo Am{U nÌH$ma Agë¶mMo g‘mOmV {‘adV ˶mbm {‘iV Agbobm ‘mZ gÝ‘mZ KoV ~gVmo.. H$emgmR>r ho gJio gwê$ Amho. nm°{b{Q>Šg d àog ¶m XmoZ nr AjµamZo gwê$ hmoV Agboë¶m ì¶dgm¶mV CVam¶bm H$moU˶mhr {ejUmMr AQ> bmJV Zmhr ho AmVm Var {XgV Agb§ Var, AmOhr g‘mOmV {ejUmbm d ~w{Õ‘Îmobm ‘mZ Amho. Á¶m§Zm {ejUmMo ‘hÎd H$ibobo Amho Vo Aem 춺$sbm ‘mZ XoVmV. ^maVr¶mZm {deofV ZdrZ {nT>rbm {ejUmMo ‘hËd g‘Obobo Amho. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 90
XrS>eo dfmªÀ¶m {~«Q>rem§À¶m Am{U ˶mAmYr {H$˶oH$ {nT>çm§À¶m amOoemhrÀ¶m Jwbm‘{JarVyZ ^maV ñdV§Ì Pmbm Am{U 26 OmZodmar 1950 nmgyZ AmnU bmoH$emhr ñdrH$mabr. bmoH$emhr åhUOo bmoH$m§Mo bmoH$mZr bmoH$m§gmR>r Mmbdbobo amÁ¶ hr gmonr ì¶m»¶m Agbr Var, hr bmoH$emhr {Q>Hy$Z Amho Vr Mma ^¸$‘ nm¶m§da. Á¶mà‘mUo Amnbr IyMu Mma nm¶m§da C^r AgVo ¶mn¡H$s EH$ Oar nm¶ VwQ>bm, dmH$bm Va IyMuda ~gUmam nSy> eH$Vmo. Vgo bmoH$emhrMo Amho. ¶m Mma nm¶m§n¡H$s EH$ ñV§^ nÌH$m[aVm Amho. Cabobo VrZ ñV§^ H$moUVo Agm àý nS>bm Va, nÌH$mambm ˶mMo CÎma ‘mhrVM Agm¶bm hdo. bmoH$à{V{ZYr, emgH$s¶ A{YH$mar d ݶm¶ì¶dñWm Am{U nÌH$m[aVm..¶m Mma ñV§^mda bmoH$emhr {Q>Hy$Z Amho. ^maV ñdV§Ì Pmbm Voìhm ^maVmVrb gmjaVm hmoVr ’$º$ 12 Q>¸o$ Vr 2011 À¶m OZJUZoZwgma nmoMbr Amho 74 Q>³³¶m§da. 1940 À¶m XeH$mV ¶wamonmVrb Xoem§‘ܶo gmjaVm hmoVr 90 Q>¸o$ Vr AmVm 100 Q>¸o$ Amho. Omo g‘mO gmjµa Amho Vmo d¥ÎmnÌ dmMVmo, Qr>ìhrdarb ~mVå¶m nmhVmo, ˶m g‘OyZ KoVmo. ˶mda {dMma H$aVmo, MMm© H$aVmo Am{U ˶mMo ‘V ~ZdV AgVmo. ñdmV§Í¶ MidirÀ¶m H$mimV 1947 AmYrÀ¶m H$mimV ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr, bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$, AmJaH$a, amOm am‘‘mohZ am¶,gw^mfM§Ð ~mog, ñdmV§Í¶dra gmdaH$a Aem AZoH$ {dÛmZmZr bmoH$m§‘ܶo OmJ¥VrgmR>r d¥ÎmnÌ àH$m{eV Ho$bo, Oo H$mhr gw{e{jV Amho ˶m§À¶mn¶ªV ñdmV§Í¶mMo {dMma nmoMmdo hm ˶m‘mJMm {dMma hmoVm. ho gJio g§nmXH$ Cƒ {e{jV hmoVo. ^maVmVrb n{hbo d¥ÎmnÌ àH$m{eV Ho$bo Ooåg {hH$s Zm‘H$ {~«{Q>>emZo. ~|Jmb J°PoQ> ZmdmMo n{hbo B§J«OrVrb d¥ÎmnÌ Ooåg {hH$s ¶mZo 1780 gmbr gwê$ Ho$bo H$mobH$mÎmm ¶oWyZ. XmoZ df} Vo gwê$ hmoVo. ‘hmamï´>mMm B{Vhmg nm{hbm Va, ~miemór Om§^oH$a ¶m§Zm ‘amR>r d¥ÎmnÌmMo OZH$ ‘mZbo OmVo. 6 OmZodmar 1832 gmbr ‘amR>r d B§J«Or ^mfoVrb n{hbo d¥ÎmnÌ "Xn©U' ho ˶mZr àH$m{eV Ho$bo Vo g‘mOà~moYZmgmR>r. ¶m ‘mUgmMo {ejU d H$V¥©Ëd nmhmb Va W¸$ ìhmb.
d¶mÀ¶m {VerÀ¶m AmVm Eb{’$ñQ>Z H$m°boObm àmo’o$ga åhUyZ {eH$dʶmMm ‘mZ ˶m§Zm {‘imbm. ~miemótZm ‘amR>r, g§ñH¥$V, ~§Jmbr, JwOamVr, H$mZS>r, VobwJy, ’$magr, ’«|$M, b°{Q>Z d J«rH$ ¶m ^mfm§Mo kmZ hmoVo. ’«|$M ^mfoVrb Z¡nwʶm~Ôb ’«$mÝgÀ¶m amOmH$Sy>Z ˶m§Zm ‘mZgÝ‘mZ XoʶmV Ambm. Om§^oH$am§Zr àmMrZ {b߶m§Mm Aä¶mg H$ê$Z H$moH$UmVrb {ebmboI d Vm‘«nQ> ¶m§Mo emoY{Z~§Y {b{hbo. ‘w{ÐV ñdê$nmVrb kmZoœar ˶m§ZrM àW‘ dmMH$m§À¶m hmVr {Xbr. ˶m§À¶mV nm§{S>˶ Am{U AܶmnZnQw>Ëd ¶m JwUm§Mm {‘bm’$ hmoVm. J{UV d Á¶mo{Vf ¶m§Vhr Vo nma§JV Agë¶m‘wio ˶m§Mr Hw$bm~m doYemioÀ¶m g§MmbH$nXr {Z¶wº$s Pmbr hmoVr. {edm¶ ˶m§Zm agm¶Zemó , ^yJ^©emó, àm{Uemó, dZñnVremó, ݶm¶emó, B{Vhmg, ‘mZgemó ¶m {df¶m§Mo CÎm‘ kmZ hmoVo. ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr, {d.Xm. gmdaH$a, bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$ gmaIo g§nmXH$ Va ˶mH$mimV B§½b§S>bm OmD$Z ~°[añQ>a Pmbo hmoVo. ¶m gJù¶m ~w{ÕdmZ g§nmXH$m§‘wio dV©‘mZnÌmMm g§nmXH$ åhUOo A˶§V hþema 춺$s Ago ‘mZbo OmVo. nyduÀ¶m H$mimVrb hr na§nam AmOÀ¶m H$mimV I§{S>V Pmbobr {XgVo. bmoH$ Vw‘À¶m ~wÜXrbm qH$‘V XoD$Z ‘mZgÝ‘mZ XoVmV. ‘mÌ AmVm H$‘r {eH$bobo XoIrb nÌH$ma åhUyZ g‘mOmZo Amnë¶mbm ‘mZ {‘idm¶Mm à¶ËZ H$aVmZm {XgVmV. H$mhr OU Va, ˶m nXmMm dmna EImÚm XheVrgmaIm XoIrb H$aVmZm {XgVmV. ‘mܶ‘ joÌmV ¶m¶Mo Va, {ejU AmVm Amdí¶H$M Amho. AmVm Va, nÌH$m[aVm Aä¶mgH«$‘mMo V§ÌewÜX {ejU XoUmao H$mog}g {d{dY {R>H$mUr CnbãY AmhoV, gaH$ma‘mݶ {dÚmnrR>mVyZ {S>J«r, {S>ßbmo‘m Ho$bm Va emgH$s¶ ZmoH$ar XoIrb h‘Img {‘iy eH$Vo. ¶m joÌmVhr ‘ohZV Amho. S>moHo$ dmnabo Va n¡gm {‘iy eH$Vmo. amoO ZdrZ H$mhrVar {eH$ʶmMr, ‘m{hVr Jmoim H$aʶmMr AmdµS> hdr. ~mamdrZ§Va VrZ dfm©Mo {S>J«r H$mog}g, nXdrZ§VaMo {S>ßbmo‘m H$mog}gMr gmo¶ Amho. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 91
‘amR>r d B§J«Or XmoÝhr ^mfoV ho H$mog}g CnbãY AmhoV. nÌH$m[aVo~amo~a OZg§nH©$, OmhramV, Bìh|Q> ‘°ZoO‘|Q>, ^mfm§Va, H$ÝQ>|Q> am¶qQ>J , aoS>rAmo, {Q>ìhr, H°$‘oam‘mJrb V§Ìk Aem AZoH$ joÌmV ñnoebm{¶O H$mog}g CnbãY AmhoV. AmVm hr gJir ‘m{hVr Hw$R>o {‘iob Agm ^m~S>m àý Agob Va, ˶mMo CÎma Vw‘À¶m hmVmV Amho. Vw‘Mm ‘mo~mB©b, b°nQ>m°n CKS>m Am{U JwJbda gJir ‘m{hVrMm IOmZm Vw‘À¶mg‘moa ¶oB©b. nyduà‘mUo ~mamdr Pmbr H$s, ~rE, ~rH$m°‘ ZmhrVa, ~rEgEggr Agm gaYmoH$Q> ‘mJ© ñdrH$mê$Z Mm§Jë¶m nJmamMr hdr Ver ZmoH$ar {‘iob ¶mMr J°a§Q>r Zmhr. ì¶dgm¶m{^‘wI {ejU KoVbo Va, ^{dî¶mV Amnë¶mbm AmdS>˶m joÌmV H$[aAa H$aVm ¶oB©b. g‘mOmbm {Xem XmIdUmam nÌH$ma AgVmo, ˶m‘wio Vmo Z¸$sM {eH$bobm Agbm nm{hOo. H$maU ¶m joÌmV H$[aAabm Iyn ‘moR>r g§Yr Amho. EH$m AmH$S>odmarZwgma ^maVmVrb d¥ÎmnÌ dmMH$m§Mr g§»¶m 2014 Vo 2017 ¶m VrZ dfm©À¶m H$mimV 40 Q>³³¶m§Zr dmT>br Amho. 2018 Vo 2019 ¶m EH$m dfm©À¶m H$mimV qàQ> ‘r{S>¶mMm Om{hamVrMo
CËnÞ 5.6 Q>¸o$Zr dmT>bo Amho. 2018 gmbr hr AmH$S>odmar 22,121.8 H$moQ>r hmoVr Vr, 2019 gmbr 22,424.3 H$moQ>r OmB©b Agm A§XmO Amho. qàQ>, {Q>ìhr, B§Q>aZoQ>, aoS>rAmo, AmD$Q>S>moAa, {gZo‘m ¶m gJù¶m§Mm Om{hamVrMm Q>Z©Amoìha 2018 gmbr 68,752 H$moQ>r hmoVm. Vmo 2019 gmbr 79,314 H$moQ>rda OmB©b Agm A§XmO Amho. npãbH$ [aboeZ d {‘{S>¶m ‘°ZoO‘|Q> gma»¶m {‘{S>¶m [aboQ>oS> joÌmMr 2017 gmbMr CbmT>mb 1,315 H$moQ>r hmoVr. 2020 gmbr hr CbmT>mb 2,100 H$moQ>rda OmB©b Agm A§XmO Amho. hr gJir AmH$S>odmar ‘m§S>m¶Mr H$maU ‘mܶ‘ ¶m joÌmV {H$Vr H$amoSm|Mr CbmT>mb Amho ho bjmV ¶mdo. ¶m joÌmV H$[aAa H$ê$ BpÀN>V Agboë¶m ‘wbm§Zm, 춺$sbm ‘mܶ‘ joÌmVrb n¡gm, ¶oWrb g§Yr ¶mMr ‘m{hVr ìhmdr hmM hoVy Amho. EdT>çm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Am{W©H$ CbmT>mb ^maVmV ‘mܶ‘ joÌmV hmoV Agë¶mZo ˶m J§JoV hmV YwD$Z KoʶmMm {dMma H$am¶bm haH$V Zmhr. AWm©V ˶mgmR>r ¶mo½¶ {Z¶moOZ hdo, {ejU hdo.
mmm
B§J«Or ^mfoVbo doJdoJio dmH²$ àMma OmoSy>Z EImXm ZdmM dmH²$ àMma V¶ma H$aV WmoS>Š¶mV gm§Jm¶M§ Va ^mfoer IoiV {Xbobo ~mVå¶m§Mo ‘Wio dmMH$mM§ bj doYyZ KoUmao R>aVmV. Cng§nmXH$mM§ H$m‘ åhUOo ~mVå¶m§M§ g§H$bZ, g§nmXZ Am{U AmH$f©H$ ‘Wio XoUo ’$m°å¶wbm dZ e¶©Vrg§~§YrMm EH$ boI. ¶m aoqgJ JmS>µ¶m§À¶m e¶©Vr AmVm ^maVmV gwê$ hmoVmhoV. EH$ Zdm H«$sS>m àH$ma ^maVmV éOʶmgmR>r OmUrdnyd©H$ à¶ËZ MmbboV. AWm©V hm gJim n¡em§MmM Ioi Amho, ho gwMdUma§ gwaoI erf©H$ ¶m boImbm Amhofor-moolah-one. moolah- money CXm. He doesn't care about job satisfaction. He is satisfied with moolah. Formula one ‘ܶo WmoS>m ~Xb H$aV for-moolahone Ag§ ^ÞmQ> erf©H$ {Xb§¶. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 92
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 3
g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mr hdm gwZrb gm‘§V
B©-gm{h˶ à{Vð>mZ
g§dmXmgmR>r gdm©V N>mZ ‘mܶ‘ H$moUV§? H$moUV§M ‘mܶ‘ ZgU§ gJù¶mV Mm§Jb§. ¶m öX¶rMo ˶m öX¶r ZoÌn„dr ñne© Q>obrnWr, hþahþa, ZwgVrM Mmhÿb ~mH$s gd© ZwgVrM hþbmhÿb. ˶mV Ia§ H$m¶ Am{U ImoQ>§ H$m¶ ¶mMr ImVaO‘m H$moU Am{U H$er H$aUma? eãX åhUOo ZwgVm dmam. ~mobUmar 춺$s {H$VnV Ia§ ~mobVo¶ Vo H$iU§ H$R>rUM. AmVmÀ¶m H$mimV Q>o{bnWrÀ¶m ImbmoImb H$moUV§ ‘mܶ‘ OmoamV Agob Va Vo g‘mO‘mܶ‘. Jwé R>mHy$a ¶m§Zr ào‘dmar {gZo‘mgmR>r EH$ JmU§ {b{hb§¶. ˶mV åhQ>b§¶ ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 93
am¶m Am°ZbmB©Z ¶o Zm AmoZbr Vw¶m doqQ>J‘ܶo pìh{S>Amo H$m°b ‘ogoObm [aßbm¶ XoZm EoH$ Zm emoZm {OdmMr hmoVo¶ X¡Zm N>iVmo¶ Am¶Zm am¶m Am°ZbmB©Z ¶o Zm OJ^amV Am{U ^maVmV g‘mO‘mܶ‘§ CX¶mbm Ambr Vr gmYmaU 2000 Z§Va. OJ^amV µ’o$g~wH$ AgVmZm ^maVmV Am°Hw©$Q>Z§ Omoa Yabm. 2004 Vo 2010 n¶ªV Am°Hw©$Q>Mm O‘mZm hmoVm. ghgm ñdV…M§ Ia§ Zmd Z XoVm, Q>monU ZmdmZ§ AH$mC§Q> CKS>Vm ¶oV hmoV§. Am{U ˶m‘wio KaÀ¶m qH$dm AmoiIrÀ¶m bmoH$m§À¶m ZH$iV hdo Vo CÚmoJ, CMmn˶m H$aVm ¶oV. ˶m AmVmhr ¶oVmV. nU µ’o$g~wH$da µ’o$H$ AH$mC§Q> nQ>H$Z AmoiIVm ¶oV§ Am{U AmVm AH$mC§Q>bm µ’$moZ Z§~aZo OmoS>ë¶m‘wio µ’$ma H$mhr H$aVm ¶oV Zmhr. Varhr ñ‘mQ>© bmoH$ ˶mdahr ‘mV H$aVmVM. µ’$gdUmao µ’$gdVmV. µ’$gUmao µ’$gVmV. g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§Zr bmoH$m§Zm EH$Ì AmUb§. {deofV… OJmdoJù¶m AmdS>r{ZdS>r AgUmè¶m§Zm hm EH$ Mm§Jbm AÈ>m {‘imbm. S>m|JaXè¶m§VyZ Q´>oH$ H$aUmao, H${dVm, {MÌH$bm, µ’$moQ>moJ«mµ’$s, emór¶ g§JrV, N>moQ>o Ym{‘©H$ JQ> qH$dm n§W, ^m¡Jmo{bH$Ñï²>¶m {dIwabobr Hw$Qw>§~§, bopñ~AZ qH$dm Jo, AVr S>mdo qH$dm AVr COdo {dMma, embo¶ dJ©{‘Ì Ago AZ§V JQ> ^m¡Jmo{bH$ A§VamMm ~mD$ ~mOybm H$ê$Z ~Zbo. ˶mMo µ’$m¶Xo Ag§»¶ hmoVo. {dMmam§Mo AmXmZ àXmZ doJmZo hmoD$Z KQ>Zm doJmZo hmoD$ bmJë¶m. CXm. Amåhr B© gm{h˶ à{Vð>mZVµ’}$ H${dVm§Mo EH$ B©‘°JPrZ ZoQ>mjar gwê$ Ho$bo. ˶mV nmM g§nmXH$ hmoVo. ZmJnya, nwUo, Zm{eH$, gmobmnya Am{U H°$ZS>mVyZ EHo$H$. ¶m{edm¶ Xa A§H$mbm EH$ A{VWr g§nmXH$ Ago Omo A§H$mMr Wr‘ R>adV Ago. hm A§H$ gwê$ H$am¶Mo R>abo. e{Zdmar Am{U n{hbm A§H$ ~mhoa nS>bm a{ddmar g§Ü¶mH$mir. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 94
Am°Hw©$Q> {OVŠ¶m bdH$a Ambo {VVŠ¶mM doJmZo Jobo. Vo Ambo, ˶mZo nm{hbo, ˶mZo qOH$bo Am{U Vo g§nbogwÕm. ˶mZ§Va JwJb ßbg Ambo Am{U g§nbo. ãbm°½gMo Va nodM µ’w$Q>bo. Ajae… bjmdYr ãbm°½g Ambo. nU ˶mVbo ~hþg§»¶ nmdgmù¶mVë¶m ~oS>H$m§gmaIo Ambo Am{U Jobo. H$mhr XO}Xma ‘mÌ {Q>H$bohr Am{U AmOhr AmXamZo dmMbo OmVmV. ˶mgmo~VM AZoH$ ‘mܶ‘§ Ambr. Ajae… eoH$S>mo. H$mhr Xoer. H$mhr {MZr. nU ~ìh§er A‘o[aH$Z. ˶mV {Q>H$bo {Q‰>Q>a, µ’o$g~wH$, qbŠS> BZ, ìhmQ²gn, eoAa-BQ>, {Q>H$Q>m°H$, BÝñQ>mJ«m‘ dJ¡ao. Vo {Q>H$bo H$maU bmoH$m§À¶m ~Xb˶m AmdS>rZwgma Vo doJmZo ~XbV am{hbo. µ’o$g~wH$ Va AmVm ZwgVo pìh{S>AmoO XmIdVo. Am{U Om{hamVr. AmVm µ’o$g~wH$hr ApñVËdmgmR>r PJS>V Amho. H$maU Vwåhr Oa ~maH$mB©Zo nhmb Va AmVmMr gmVdr Vo XhmdrVbr ‘wb§ µ’o$g~wH$H$S>o PwaimH$S>o nhmd§ Vg§ nhmVmV. Am{U hmo. AmVmÀ¶m ‘mH}$Q>‘Ybm gdm©V ‘hÎdmMm KQ>H$ Amho gmVdr Vo H$m°boOn¶ªVMr ‘wb§. g‘mO‘mܶ‘§ hm gwédmVrÀ¶m H$mimV {da§Jwim hmoVm. AJXr {Q>ìhrgmaImM. nU AmVm Vmo Om{hamVr, {dH«$s, ì¶mnma Am{U amOH$maU ¶m§Mm H$Um ~ZV Mmbbm Amho. Vwåhr EImÚm Am°ZbmB©Z ‘mܶ‘mVyZ b¾n{ÌHo$Mr Mm¡H$er H$am. WmoS>çmM doimV Vwåhmbm µ’o$g~wH$da b¾mMo hm°b, b¾mMo S´o>gog, b¾mgmR>r S>oH$moaoeZ, Aem Ag§»¶ gpìh©gog À¶m Om{hamVr ¶m¶bm bmJVrb. amOH$s¶ dmXmdmXrgmR>r Va {Q‰>Q>a Am{U µ’o$g~wH$ ho Hw$éjoÌM Pmbo Amho. Q´>moqbJ (EImÚmda d¡Mm[aH$ ^{S>‘ma H$ê$Z Ooarbm AmUU§) ho ZdrZ emó Pmb§ Amho. ˶mgmR>r H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m H§$nݶm AmhoV Am{U Ago åhUVmV H$s ˶mV EH$m nmoñQ>gmR>r 40 n¡go ¶m XamZo bmoH$m§Zm {Xdgmbm eoH$S>mo én¶o H$‘dVm ¶oVmV. amOH$maU Am{U ì¶mnma ¶m§À¶m ImbmoImb Oa H$moU˶m joÌmbm ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm bm^ Pmbm Agob Va Vo Amho gm{h˶ d g§ñH¥$Vr. {deofV… ‘amR>r gm{h˶. nwʶm‘w§~B©nmgyZ Xÿa qH$dm H$moUm gm{hp˶H$mMr AmoiI Zgboë¶m ZdboIH$m§Zm g¥OZerbVobm dmd
{‘iʶmgmR>r Am°Hw©$Q>, µ’o$g~wH$, ãbm°½g ¶m§Zr Omo hmV {Xbm ˶mbm VmoS> Zmhr. ‘m¶~mobr, {‘ginmd, Eogr Ajao, ‘ZmoJV AmXr gmBQ²gda boIH$m§Zr Am{U H$dtZr A˶§V XO}Xma boIZ Ho$bo. EdT>oM Zìho Va ˶m§Zm ˶mM XOm©Mo dmMH$hr {‘iV Jobo. ˶mVyZ ì¶p³VJV ãbm°½ghr dmT>V Jobo. ^w§Jm, gwZrb Vm§~o {bpIV, aofodaMr Ajao, eãXdob, Am{XVmb, ñn§XZ, OmJVm nhmam AmXr ãbm°½OZm {‘iUmao dmMH$ ho H$moU˶mhr ‘amR>r dV©‘mZnÌmÀ¶m VmoS>rg VmoS> hmoVo. {deof åhUOo hm ZdrZ dmMH$dJ© OmJ{VH$ gr‘maofm Amobm§S>bobm hmoVm Am{U {OëømÀ¶m, VmbwŠ¶mÀ¶m nbrH$S>o JmdIoS>çmVyZ Ambobmhr hmoVm. Ia§ gm§Jm¶M§ Va ‘amR>r gm{h˶mbm EdT>m ‘moR>m {dñV¥V dmMH$dJ© H$YrM bm^bm ZìhVm. ‘amR>r gm{h˶ gXm{ednoR> Am{U {JaJmdÀ¶m Mmir~mhoa nS>bo nU ˶mbm dmMH$ ‘mÌ VoM nwUo-‘w§~B©-Zm{eH$dmbo hmoVo. ˶m‘wio AZoH$ Mm§Jbo boIH$ H$mimÀ¶m nS>Úmda Amnbr N>mn C‘Q>dy eH$bo ZmhrV. nU g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m H$mimV boIH$m§À¶m VmoS>rg VmoS> dmMH$dJ© O‘m hmoD$ bmJbm. ˶m‘wio ¶m ZdboIH$m§Zm Omo‘ {‘imbm. ˶mM~amo~a Q>rH$mhr bm^br. Am{U dmT>rgmR>r nmofH$ dmVmdaUhr. Joë¶m MmanmM dfmªVrb Pr qH$dm amÁ¶ ñnYmªVrb A°dmS>©{dOoVo boIH$ H$dr JrVH$ma nm{hbo Va ~hþVm§e ¶m ZdàdmhmVbo AmhoV. ‘§Xma MmoiH$a, g‘ra gm‘§V, àmOº$ Xoe‘wI, JrVoe qeXo, Aer Ag§»¶ ZdrZ boIH$‘§S>ir ñdV…bm gwédmVrÀ¶m H$mimV ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§da Q>oñQ> H$aV hmoVr. Q>oñQ> AemgmR>r H$s H$moU˶mhr H$bmH$mambm AmnU Z¸$s {H$Vr nmʶmV AmhmoV ho VnmgʶmgmR>r AZmoiIr Am°{S>AÝgMr JaO AgVo. {‘Ì Am{U ZmVodmB©H$ Va H$m¶‘M ñVwVr H$aVmV. nU Ooìhm gmVmg‘wÐmnmaMr AZmoiIr 춺$s Amnbo JwU Am{U Xmof gm§JVo Voìhm EH$Va Amnbr Iar qH$‘V H$iVo qH$dm Ooìhm Amnë¶m boIZmbm µ’$m°bmo H$aUmè¶m AZm{‘H$ dmMH$m§Mr g§»µ¶m dmT>V OmVo Voìhm AmË‘{dœmg ¶oVmo. Xþga§ åhUOo ZoQ>da gmo~a bmoH$m§~amo~aM EImXm µ’$mQ>Š¶m Vm|S>mMm dmMH$
˶mM§ ñnï> ‘V EoH$dVmo, Oo à˶j OJmV hmoU§ H$R>rU AgV§. {Vga§, AOyZ Var ZoQ>da boIH$m§Mr H§$ny~mOr Z Pmë¶m‘wio gm{hp˶H$ ì¶dhma, XodmUKodmU, MMm© {ZH$mon AgVmV. ˶m‘wio µ’$ma Mm§Jë¶m XOm©Mo boIH$ BWyZ {ZnOVrb. AWm©V hm gd© ì¶dhma µ’w$H$Q> Am{U gmonm Agë¶m‘wio µ’$mobnQ>m§Mmhr ^anya gwigwimQ> Amho. A{Ve¶ gw‘ma XOm©Mo boIH$ H$dr, Xþgè¶mM§ Mmoê$Z ñdV…À¶m ZmdmZo IndUmao g§^m{dV, H$moU˶mVar ^b˶mM hoVyZo Aem boIH$ H$dtZm MT>dUmao b~mS> dmMH$ ¶m§Mmhr ^anya dmda Amho. ¶m gd© g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m {Z{‘©H$m§Mm d ‘mbH$m§Mm hoVy hm AWm©O©Z Am{U ˶mhÿZhr ‘moR>m hoVy, g‘mOmbm EH$m {d{eï> ~mOmarH$aUmH$S>o ZoʶmMm Amho. ˶m§Zm ¶m Agë¶m gm{hp˶H$ Am{U amOH$s¶ MMmªgmR>r ì¶mgnrR> C^o H$aʶmV ag Zmhr. CbQ> ZdrZ {nT>çm H$‘rV H$‘r {dMma H$aUmè¶m d ˶m§À¶m Om{hamVtÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ {Z‘m©U hmoD$ KmVboë¶m ZdrZ gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dñWoV {µ’$Q> ~gUmè¶m hì¶m AmhoV. {Q>H$Q>m°H$ gma»¶m pìh{S>Amo ~oñS> ‘mܶ‘m§H$S>o nwT>ë¶m {nT>çm OmV AmhoV. µ’o$g~wH$da drgÀ¶m AmVbr ‘wb§ ZgVmVM h„r. µ’o$g~wH$ ho H$YrM A§H$b bmoH$m§M§ Pmb§¶. J«m‘rU ‘wbm§Mr Va n[apñWVr A{YH$M dmB©Q> Amho. ˶m§Zm gJù¶m OJmV ho Ag§M Mmby Amho Ag§ ^mgV§¶. n~Or, nmoHo$‘m°Z, ho ˶m§À¶m MMmªMo {df¶ AmhoV. PmS>m§da H$mdio ~gmdoV Vgo hmVr ‘mo~mB©b KoD$Z EH$Ì EHo$H$Q>o ~gbobo VéU Am{U VéUrhr OmJmoOmJ {XgVmV. KamKamV {XgVmV. pIS>H$s, J°barV {XgVmV. añVm H«$m°g H$aVmZmXopIb ˶m§Mr ZOa ‘mo~mB©b‘ܶoM ~wS>mbobr AgVo. AmOy~mOyÀ¶m dmñVdmnmgyZ nyU©V… VwQ>bobo, H$‘mbrMo EH$bH$m|S>o, ì¶dhmam§Vbm ag g§nbobo ho VéU ~KyZ ^¶ dmQ>V§. ~g‘YyZ àdmg H$aVmZm AZoH$Xm ho ñQ>m°n qH$dm ñQ>oeZ Joë¶mZ§Va XMHy$Z CVaVmV. ˶m§Zm Amnë¶m eoOmar H$moU ~gb§¶ ¶mMr V‘m ZgVo. EImXr Zem, S´>J, Xmê$ MT>bobr Agmdr Ag§ ¶m§M§ dmJU§ AgV§. amÌr XmoZ VrZ dmOon¶ªV ˶m§Zm {H$Vr dmObo ¶mM§ ^mZhr ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 95
ZgV§. g‘mOmgmR>r qH$dm Hw$Qw>§~mgmR>r gmoS>m, ñdV…gmR>r Aä¶mg, ZmoH$ar, Y§Xm ¶mgmR>rhr ˶m§Zm doi Am{U BÀN>m ZgVo. Am{U ¶m§Mo nmbH$, ˶m§À¶mH$S>o hV~wÕ hmoD$Z nhmV AgVmV. nU ˶m§À¶mhrnojm dmB©Q> AdñWm Amho Vr df© EH$ Vo nmM d¶mÀ¶m ‘wbm§Mr Am{U ˶m§À¶m AmB©~mnm§Mr. nydu ‘wbm§M§ ‘Z a‘dʶmgmR>r Am¶m ~S>~S>JrV§ qH$dm A§JmB© åhUV. H$mD$ {MD$À¶m Jmoï>r gm§JV. AmVmMo AmB© ~mn gwédmVrbm ‘wbm§Zm Jßn H$aʶmgmR>r ‘mo~mB©b‘YyZ A§JmB© EoH$dVmV. Am{U H$mhr {Xdgm§VM ‘wb§ hmVmV ‘mo~mB©b KoD$Z ñdV…M Ioim¶bm bmJVmV. gwédmVrMo H$mhr {Xdg H$m¡VwH$mV OmVmV. nU bdH$aM ‘wbm§Zm ì¶gZ bmJë¶mM§ AmB©~mnm§Zm OmUdy bmJV§. Am{U ‘J ‘wbm§Zm ‘mo~mB©b {Xbm Zmhr Va ‘wb§ OodV ZmhrV åhUyZ EH$ ‘mo~mB©b ‘wbm§À¶mM hmVr {Xbm OmVmo. d¶ dfª nmM hmoB©n¶ªV ‘wbm§À¶m earamMm Vmo EH$ ^mJ ~ZyZ OmVmo. H$mQy>©ÝMo E°ßg, Joåg, H$mQy>©Ýg, ¶mVyZ ‘wb§ AmB©~mnm§hÿZ ‘mo~mB©b Am{U b°nQ>m°n‘ܶo EŠgnQ>© hmoD$Z OmVmV. AmB© ~mnm§Zm ‘mo~mB©bbm hmV bmdy XoV ZmhrV. ˶m§Zm {eH$dVmV. Am{U ¶m§Mohr nmbH$, ˶m§À¶mH$S>o hV~wÕ hmoD$Z nhmV AgVmV. qH$dm H$m¡VwH$mZo. ho {MÌ Vwåhmbm gd©Ì nhm¶bm {‘iob. Am{U ho {MÌ ‘wbm§Zm µ’$Q>Ho$ ‘mê$Z, qH$dm AmoaSy>Z ~XbUma Zmhr. JmoS>rJwbm~rZo gm§JyZhr ~XbUma Zmhr. qH$~hþZm ho {MÌ ~XbUma Zmhr. hr ~XbmMr {Xem Amho. Am{U {VMm doJ Owݶm bmoH$m§À¶m ~mbnUmhÿZ AVrdoJdmZ Amho. Vwåhr Oa Amnë¶m ‘wbm§Zm ¶m H«$m§VrnmgyZ Xÿa R>ody nhmb Va Vr ‘mJmg hmoVrb. AmVm Vo eŠ¶hr Zmhr Am{U ¶mo½¶hr Zmhr. ¶mo½¶ ho H$s Vwåhr AmVm hr {Xem g‘OyZ ¿¶m. ˶mVbo Amnë¶mbm H$mhr H$iV Zmhr hm ^md ‘ZmVyZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$m. B©, ZoQ>, ho Am{U hoM ^{dî¶ Amho. ˶mbm Amnë¶mbm hdo Vgo µ’$i ¶mdo åhUyZ à¶ËZ H$am, ZdZdrZ Mm§Jbr Cn¶wº$ E°ßg ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 96
emoYm. ‘wbm§À¶m S>moŠ¶mbm MmbZm XoVrb Ago Joåg ˶m§À¶m~amo~a Ioim. Vo ¶m Zì¶m OJmV {µ’$Q> Am{U AJ«oga ìhmdoV åhUyZ Vwåhr H$ï> ¿¶m. Kwgm ˶mV. Aao Oo VrZ nmM dfm©À¶m nmoambm H$iV§ Vo Vwåhmbm H$iV Zmhr ho J¥{hV ‘ZmVyZ PQ>Hy$Z Q>mH$m. hm H$mi ‘moR>m ~m§H$m Amho. ~m§H$m åhUOo diUmMm. Amnë¶m XoemM§, g‘mOmM§ ^{dVì¶ R>adUmam Amho. AmOda H$YrM ZìhV§ BVH§$ ‘wbm§Zm OnU§ ‘hÎdmM§ Pmb§ Amho. Am{U H$R>rUhr. Am{U Vwåhr Oa gmo߶mÀ¶mM ‘mJo OmD$ nhmUma AmhmV Am{U H$R>rU n¶m©¶ {ZdS>m¶bm Vwåhmbm PonV Zgob Va Vwåhr hr {Q>ŠQ>m°H$ S>mD$ZbmoS> H$ê$Z Q>mB©‘nmg H$am Zm amd! mmm
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 3
g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mr {dídmgmh©Vm {ZZmX àYmZ
ì¶dñWmnH$s¶ g§nmXH$ ‘amR>rg¥ï>r
A
brH$S>rb H$mimV àgma ‘mܶ‘m§Mo ñdê$n ~Xbbo Amho. ‘w{ÐV d¥ÎmnÌm§nmgyZ gwê$ Pmbobm hm àdmg, BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m dmQ>oZo AmVm Am°ZbmBZ g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§n¶ªV ¶oD$Z R>onbm Amho. ’o$g~wH$, {Q‰>Q>a, ¶wQ>çw~, Whats-pp Aem B§Q>aZoQ>da AmYm[aV ‘mܶ‘m§Zm "gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m' qH$dm "g‘mO‘mܶ‘o' Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. ¶m à˶oH$ ‘mܶ‘mMm Cn¶moJ doJdoJim Amho. ¶m ‘mܶ‘mV empãXH$ ‘OHy$a, {MÌo, N>m¶m{MÌo, 춧J{MÌo, pìh{S>Amo ¶mgmaIo gd©M àH$ma doJdoJù¶m nÕVrZ§ hmVmiVm ¶oVmV. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§da AgU§ hr gܶm Oer H$mimMr JaO Pmbr Amho Vg§M {VW§ ZgU§ ho AZoH$m§Zm H$mim~amo~a Zgë¶mM§ bjU dmQ>V§. EHo$H$mir {d{dY {df¶m§da MMm© H$aUo, d¡Mm[aH$ à~moYZ H$aUo ‘Zmoa§OZ H$aUo, e¡j{UH$ Cn¶moJ, ‘m{hVrMo AmXmZàXmZ H$aUo ¶mgmR>r dmnabr OmUmar hr g‘mO‘mܶ‘o AmVm g~go VoO ~mVå¶m ngadʶmgmR>r dmnabr OmV AmhoV. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 97
{ZdS>UwH$m, {d{dY àH$maMr Am§XmobZo ¶mH$mimV ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV Cn¶moJ hmoD$ bmJbm Amho. gܶm Amnë¶mH$S>o {ZdS>UwH$m§Mo dmao dmhmVm¶V. nmüm˶ amï´>m§V g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna amOH$maUmV Am{U {ZdS>UwH$sV nydunmgyZ Ho$bm OmVmo¶. ^maVmVrb ¶wdmdJ© Am{U Zd-‘VXmamV {ZdS>UwH$s~Ôb OmJéH$Vm {Z‘m©U hmoʶmVhr g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm ‘moR>m dmQ>m Amho. 2014À¶m bmoH$g^m {ZdS>UwH$sV ^mOn Am{U Za|Ð ‘moXr ¶m§Zr g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm àMmamgmR>r nyU© Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z KoVbm. AÊUm hOma|À¶m 2011 ‘Yë¶m Am§XmobZmbm ¶mM g‘mO‘mܶ‘mVyZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV nmqR>~m {‘imbm hmoVm. EH$màH$mao AÊUm hOmao, Ho$Oardmb, {H$aU ~oXr dJ¡ao ‘§S>itZm ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§ZrM ‘moR>o Ho$bo Ago åhUUo J¡a hmoUma Zmhr. {Z^©¶m àH$aUmVhr bmoH$m§Zr añ˶mda CVê$Z ¶m KQ>ZoMm {ZfoY H$aʶmV g‘mO‘mܶ‘o ~ ¶mM A§er H$maUr^yV R>abr. AZoH$ go{b{~«Q>r, IoimSy>, ì¶mdgm{¶H$, dJ¡aogwÕm g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§da g{H«$¶ hmoD$Z nmoñQ> Q>mH$VmV Am{U bmoH$m§er g§nH$m©V amhÿZ ˶m§Zm à{VgmXhr XoVmV. n§VàYmZ, ‘w»¶‘§Ìr, ‘§Ìr dJ¡ao ‘§S>iter g§nH©$ H$aUo EHo$H$mir gm‘mݶm§À¶m AmdmŠ¶mV Zgo. AmVm hrM ‘§S>ir ñdV:hÿZ {Q‰>Q>agma»¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ Xoe^amVë¶m OZVoer gVV g§nH$m©V AgVmV. n§VàYmZ H$m¶m©b¶mZo g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Ûmao Amboë¶m VH«$matMr XIb KoD$Z bmoH$m§Mo àý gmoS>dë¶mMr ~arM CXmhaUo AmnU dmMV Am{U EoH$V AgVmo. ‘mÌ H$moU˶mhr Jmoï>rÀ¶m XmoZ ~mOy AgVmV ˶mMà‘mUo ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m Xþg ¶m ~mOyMrhr AmVm MMm© gwê$ Pmbr Amho. Vr åhUOo g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§À¶m {dœmgmh©VoMr. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mr {dœmgmh©Vm VnmgʶmAmYr EHy$UM ‘mܶ‘m§Mr {dœmgmh©Vm {H$Vr am{hbr Amho, Vr H$em‘wio agmVimbm Jobr, H$moUr Kmbdbr ¶mgmaIo ‘hÎdmMo àý ghOM S>moù¶mnwT>o ¶oVmV. EHy$UM gd© àgma‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo AmO ‘w{ÐV d¥ÎmnÌm§‘ܶoM H$m¶ Vr gdm©{YH$ {dœmgmh©Vm am{hbr Agob. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 98
H$Xm{MV ¶mMo ‘w»¶ H$maU EdT>oM H$s d¥ÎmnÌm‘ܶo EH$Xm ~mV‘r N>mnbr Jobr H$s g§nbo. ‘J Vr ImoQ>r qH$dm MwH$sMr Agob Va ˶mMo n[aUm‘ g§nmXH$mbm qH$dm àH$meH$mbm ^moJmdo bmJVmV. ‘m’$s ‘mJUmao {ZdoXZ N>mnmdo bmJVo, àg§Jr IQ>bohr XmIb hmoVmV. ˶m‘wio {VWo ~mVå¶m§Mr g˶mg˶Vm Vnmgë¶m{edm¶ Vr ~mV‘r nwT>o N>mnbrM OmV Zmhr. gH$mir KS>boë¶m KQ>ZoMr ~mV‘r amÌrn¶ªV N>mnm¶bm Úm¶Mr Agë¶mZo g˶Vm nS>VmiʶmgmR>r doihr AgVmo. ‘bm AmR>dV§¶, EH$ Zm‘d§V nÌH$ma bmoH$gÎmmMo g§nmXH$ AgVmZm ˶m§Zr EH$m {d{eï> {df¶mg§~§Yr H$moUVrhr ~mV‘r N>mnʶmgmR>r nmR>dVmZm g§nmXH$m§er MMm© H$aʶmMr ñnï> gyMZm à˶oH$ S>oñH$da bmdbr hmoVr. ‘mÌ AmOÀ¶m Zì¶m{nT>rÀ¶m nÌH$mam§Zm {dœmgmh©VoMo H$mhr gmo¶agwVH$ Amho H$s Zmhr hoM H$ioZmgo Pmbo Amho. ˶m‘wio àgma ‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo dfm©Zwdf} nmibo OmUmao H$mhr A{bpIV {Z¶‘ Am{U AmMmag§{hVm ¶m§Mm doimodoir ^§J hmoVmo Am{U ‘J ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m {dœmgmh©VoMm ‘wÔm EoaUrda ¶oVmo. ‘w{ÐV Am{U BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§da Hw$UmMr Var ‘mbH$s AgVo. {VWyZ àgm[aV hmoUm-¶m ~mVå¶m qH$dm ‘m{hVrda ‘mbH$m§Mo qH$dm ˶m§À¶m {dMmam§Mo dM©ñd gmV˶mZo S>moH$mdVo. g§nmXH$s¶ {d^mJ AgVmo, g§nmXH$ AgVmo, EH$ {Q>‘ åhUyZ gJio H$m‘ hmoV AgVo. ˶m‘wio AgoM Amnbo H$moUmÀ¶m ‘ZmV Ambo Am{U ˶mZo Vo N>mnbo Ago hmoV Zmhr. BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘m§V Va g~go VoO qH$dm Am‘À¶mM M°Zobda EŠgŠbw{Pìh Aem àH$maMr g§ñH¥$Vr ~imdë¶m‘wio VgoM {Q>AmanrÀ¶m ‘mam‘marV Ajae: goH§$XmgoH§$XmMr ñnYm© AgVo. ˶m‘wio à˶j KQ>ZmñWimdê$Z d¥Îmm§H$Z H$aVmZm ˶m§Zm EdT>ohr ^mZ ahmV Zmhr H$s Amnë¶m dmVm©ham~amo~aM AmUIrhr drg-n§Mdrg d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo dmVm©ha ˶mM {R>H$mUmhÿZ Amnmnë¶m M°ZobgmR>rhr EŠñŠbwPrìh dmVmªH$Z H$aV AgVmV. AWm©V ¶m hmUm‘marV Am{U nV§Jm§À¶m H$mQ>mH$mQ>rV àojH$m§Mr H$a‘UyH$ hmoVo Vo doJioM.
21ì¶m eVH$mVrb ‘m{hVràYmZ g‘mOmV ‘m{hVrbm AZݶgmYmaU ‘hÎd Amë¶m‘wio à˶oH$mbm, AJXr gm‘mݶmVë¶m gm‘mݶmbmhr, Amnë¶mOdi Agbobr ‘m{hVr Vm~S>Vmo~ Xþg-¶m§n¶ªV nmohmoMdʶmMr KmB© AgVo. ¶mgmR>r AWm©VM g‘mO‘mܶ‘o hm gm‘mݶm§gmR>r h¸$mMm H$Å>m ‘mZbm OmVmo. ’o$g~wH$, {Q‰>Q>a dJ¡ao g‘mO‘mܶ‘o åhUOo gm‘mݶ bmoH$m§Zm A{^춺$ hmoʶmgmR>r H$moUrVar {Z‘m©U Ho$bobr Iwbr ì¶mgnrR>o AmhoV. ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Zm ^bo ‘mbH$ Agob. ’o$g~wH$Mm PwHo$a~J© Agob Va BVa H$moUmMm AmUIr H$moUr. ‘mÌ ¶m ì¶mgnrR>mdê$Z àgm[aV hmoUm ¶m ‘m{hVrMr ‘mbH$s, qH$dm O~m~Xmar hr Vr ‘m{hVr àgm[aV H$aUm ¶mMr AgVo. g‘mO‘mܶ‘o hr àgma‘mܶ‘m§À¶m ‘mbH$sbm Aà˶jnUo AmìhmZ XoʶmMm ^mJ åhUyZhr OÝ‘mbm Ambobr AmhoV. amOH$maUmbm H$bmQ>Ur XoʶmV ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mm ‘moR>m dmQ>m Amho. JmdmnmgyZ XoemÀ¶m amOH$maUmn¶ªV ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mm à^md Amho. g‘mO‘mܶ‘o Amnë¶m {‘Ì n[admamnwaVr dmnaVm ¶oVmV Am{U Amdí¶H$Vm ^mgë¶mg ˶m§À¶m‘m’©$V hì¶m ˶m bmoH$m§n¶ªV nmohMVmhr ¶oV§. g‘mO‘mܶ‘o Oer EImÚmbm ObXJVrZo C§Mrda KoD$Z OmD$ eH$VmV VerM Imbrhr nmSy> eH$VmV. ~hþVm§e g‘mO‘mܶ‘o OÝ‘mZo Oar naXoer AmhoV Varhr ^maVmVrb H$mhrOUm§Zm Vo AmnUM OÝ‘mbm KmVb§¶ Ag§ dmQ>V§. ˶m§Mo gdm©{YH$ dmnaH$V} ^maVmV AmhoV. Amnë¶m X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmVbr CÚmoJ, H$a‘UyH$, Amamo½¶, {ejU Aer gJirM jo̧ g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Zr Amnë¶m H$doV KoVbr AmhoV. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§‘wio ‘m{hVrMr XodmUKodmU ObX Pmbr, ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda à~moYZ Pmb§, AZoH$ joÌmV nmaXe©H$Vm Ambr, ‘m{hVr bndUo eŠ¶ Pmbo Zmhr, Aemgma»¶m AZoH$ Mm§Jë¶m Jmoï>r KS>ë¶m. ¶m~Ôb g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mo Am^ma ‘mZmdo VodT>o WmoS>oM AmhoV. ‘mÌ ¶mbm Xþgar EH$ ~mOy Amho Am{U {VM Iar YmoH$mXm¶H$ Amho. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§‘wio doJdoJù¶m
àH$maMr ‘m{hVr Forwarded Message À¶m ñdê$nmV àgm[aV H$aVmZm {VMr g˶mg˶Vm H$YrM ~{KVbr OmV Zmhr. ˶m‘wio MwH$sMr ‘m{hVr ngadbr OmVo. Aem MwH$sÀ¶m ‘m{hVr‘wio AZoH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmbo Amho. Amamo½¶joÌmV Va g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§darb ‘m{hVrMr XþH$mZoM gwé Pmbr AmhoV. Omo CR>Vmo¶ Vmo doJdoJio g„o XoVmo¶. Amamo½¶mÀ¶m {Q>ßgMm Va ~mOmaM ‘m§S>bm OmVmo¶. BVahr doJdoJù¶m {df¶m§da g„o XoUmao VWmH${WV g„mJma Am{U {df¶VÁkm§Mo g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo nrH$ Ambo Amho. AmVm Va EImÚmbm ZmoH$ar XoVmZm g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§darb d¡¶{º$H$ ‘m{hVr VnmgyZ ˶m 춺$s¨Mo Mm[aͶ nS>Vmibo OmVo. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§da Vmo H$m¶ {b{hVmo, H$m¶ nhmVmo ¶mdéZ ˶mMr à{V‘m V¶ma Ho$br OmVo. AmVm ’o$g~wH$À¶m å¶wÀ¶wAb ’«|$S>{bñQ>bm AdmñVd ‘hÎd Ambob§ Amho. ’o$g~wH$da T>rJ^a {‘Ì.. nU J„rV {dMmaV Zmhr Hw$̧ Aer Zdr åhU V¶ma Pmbr Amho. ’o$g~wH$ nmoñQ>À¶m bmB©Šgdê$Z ‘mUgmMr nmÌVm qH$dm AJXr bm¶H$shr R>adbr OmV Amho. Omo-Vmo ¶m bmB©ŠgÀ¶mM ‘mJo bmJbobm {XgVmo¶. g‘mO‘mܶ‘mV Agbobo {‘Ì Am{U ’$m°bmoAg© ho AmO AZoH$m§Zr d¡¶{º$H$ bmoH${à¶Vm ‘moOʶmM§ gmYZ ~Zdb§ Amho. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§‘Ybo {‘Ì g§»¶oZo OmñV Agbo Varhr ˶mV Am^mgrnUm OmñV Amho. g‘mO‘mܶ‘o gܶmVar A{Z¶§{ÌV Am{U {Za§Hw$e AmhoV. ¶m ’o$~«wdmar ‘{hݶmV {Q‰>Q>aMo ‘w»¶m{YH$mar Am{U BVa d[að> A{YH$m ¶m§Zr ^maV gaH$maÀ¶m g§gXr¶ g{‘VrnwT>o hOa hmoʶmÀ¶m gaH$mar AmXoembm Ho$amMr Q>monbr XmIdbr Am{U Varhr H$moUVrhr H$madmB© hmoV Zmhr hr emoH$m§{VH$m Amho. A{^춺$sñdmV§Í¶ Va hdo nU ˶m~amo~a ¶oUm ¶m O~m~Xm ¶m nma nmS>m¶À¶m ZmhrV Aem àH$maMr d¥Îmr ~imdbr Amho. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo ‘m{hVrVrb g˶, AMyH$Vm ¶m§Mm ~ ¶mM à‘mUmV A^md Amho. gZgZmQ>rnUm, EH$m§Jr àMma Agbobm ‘OHy$a g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§da ngadbm OmVmo. BVa H$moUVohr ‘mܶ‘ {dMmahr H$ê$ eH$Uma ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 99
Zmhr BVHo$ ‘moR>o Omio g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Zr ngadbo Amho. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna AmnU H$gm H$aVmo, ˶mda H$m¶ {b{hVmo-dmMVmo-nhmVmo ¶mda Amnbr à{V‘m V¶ma hmoVo. ˶m‘wio g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo {b{hVmZm H$mhr nÏ϶o nmimdrM bmJVmV. ‘mÌ XþX£dmZo Vr nmibr OmV ZmhrV. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm Xþê$n¶moJ AZoH$Xm g‘mO{dKmVH$ àd¥ÎmtH$Sy>Z hmoV AgVmZm {XgVmo. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§da XaamoO bmImo nmZm§Mr ‘m{hVr ¶oV AgVo. ‘m{hVrÀ¶m ¶m ñnY}V ImoQ>çm ‘m{hVrMo à‘mUhr OmñV Amho. AmVm Va ìhm°Q>gAn dê$Z Amboë¶m EImÚm Forwarded Message bm Z dmMVm nwT>o gaH$dʶmMr nÕV éObr Amho. ˶m‘wio ‘m{hVrÀ¶m g˶Voda Am{U {dœmgmh©Voda àý{MÝh {Z‘m©U hmoVo. ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§darb ‘m{hVrÀ¶m Ame¶mMm {Z‘m©Vm H$moU Amho ho ~-¶mMXm H$iVhr Zmhr. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§V ImOJrnUmMr AnojmM R>odVm ¶oV Zmhr H$maU {VH$S>o gJio CKS>o nwñVH$M AgVo. A‘o[aHo$À¶m {ZdS>UwH$sV MM}V Amboë¶m H|${~«O E°Zobo{Q>H$m àH$aUmV ’o$g~wH$À¶m dmnaH$˶mªMr ImOJr ‘m{hVr {dH$br Joë¶m‘wio OJ^a ’o$g~wH$g{hV gd©M g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mr ZmM¸$s Pmbr Am{U ˶mdaMm AZoH$m§Mm {dœmghr CS>mbm. OJ^amV AZoH$m§Zr ’o$g~wH$bm am‘am‘ R>moH$bm. ’o$g~wH$, {Q‰>Q>agma»¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘mVyZ Ogm VmËH$mi AmnbonU gmYVm ¶oVmo {VVH$sM H$Qw>VmXoIrb ho ‘mܶ‘ {Z‘m©U H$ê$ eH$V§. ˶m‘wioM AZoH$Xm g‘O Am{U J¡ag‘O dmT>dʶmgmR>rhr g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna Ho$bm Jobobm Amho. g‘mOm-g‘mOmV VoT> {Z‘m©U
ìhm¶bmhr g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm hmV^ma bmJbm Amho. H$mpí‘a‘ܶo ¶mM H$maUm‘wio AZoH$Xm B§Q>aZoQ> gw{dYmhr ~§X Ho$br OmVo. dV©‘mZnÌmÀ¶m dmMH$m§Zm VmËH$mi à{V{H«$¶m XoVm ¶oV Zmhr. Q>rìhrÀ¶m àojH$m§Mohr VoM hmoVo. ‘mÌ g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo VmËH$mi à{V{H«$¶m {Xë¶m OmVmV.. dV©‘mZnÌmÀ¶m dmMH$m§Mr qH$dm M°ZoëgÀ¶m àojH$m§Mr g§»¶m AmH$S>o Am{U ^m¡Jmo{bH$Ñï²>¶mhr ‘¶m©{XV AgVo. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mo dmMH$ OJ^amV Hw$R>ohr Agy eH$VmV. ˶m§Zm doi-H$mimMo ~§YZ ZgVo. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo H$YrH$Yr EImÚm nmoñQ>bm bmIm|À¶m g§»¶oZo dmMH$ {‘iVmV Am{U hOmam|À¶m g§»¶oZo à{V{H«$¶mhr {‘iVmV. ˶m‘wioM H$YrH$Yr MwH$sMr qH$dm ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr XoUmar nmoñQ> {b{hUm¶m©bm g‘mO‘mܶ‘mV {Q>Ho$Mo YZrhr ìhmdo bmJVo. g‘mOmV Oo KS>V§ Vo gm§JU§ ho ‘mܶ‘m§M§ ‘w»¶ H$m‘ Amho. ‘mÌ g‘mO‘mܶ‘o OodT>§ kmZ XoVmV, VodT>§M AkmZhr ˶m§‘YyZ noab§ OmV§. g‘mO‘mܶ‘§ Oo KS>bob§ Zmhr VoXoIrb {VVŠ¶mM JVrZ§ gm§JʶmV ‘moR>çm {eVm’$sZ§ ¶eñdr Pmbr AmhoV. ˶m‘wio ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mr Or ~bñWmZo AmhoV ˶mhrnojm ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mo CnÐd‘yë¶ {hVg§~§{YVm§H$Sy>Z AZmdí¶H$nUo dmT>dbo Jobo Amho. AmVm ‘mÌ AmeoMo H$mhr {H$aU {XgVmV. ¶m{df¶mda hmoV Agboë¶m OZOmJ¥Vr‘wio g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna {Z¶§{ÌV Am{U gH$mamË‘H$ nÕVrZo hmoB©b, Aer Amem R>odm¶bm haH$V Zmhr. mmm
‘w§~B©daÀ¶m XheVdmXr hëë¶mZ§VaMo {Xdg. EH$m g§Vá ZmJ[aH$mZ§ d¥ÎmnÌmbm nÌ {b{hb§. ‘mZdr h¸$, A{hgH$ à{VH$ma, ‘Vn[adV©Z dJao ~H$dmg ~§X H$ê$Z, A{VaoH$s Am{U ˶m§Mo nmR>ramIo ¶m§À¶mda Oa~ ~gdUmar, H$R>moa H$madmB© H$am, Aer ‘mJUr H$aUmè¶m ¶m nÌmM§ erf©H$ hmoV§ take no terrorists ! (¶mMm AW© g‘OʶmgmR>r take no prisoners hm dmŠàMma ‘m{hVr hdm.) take no prisoners (Q>oH$ Zmo {àPZg©) - be very determined and not care about other people's feelings. CXm. When Madhu is angry, she takes no prisoners. prisoners EodOr terrorists Agm ~Xb H$ê$Z "XheVdmÚm§Zm X¶m-‘m¶m ZH$mo. ˶m§Mm ImV‘m H$am.' (take no terrorists) Ag§ gUgUrV erf©H$ {Xb§¶.
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 100
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 3
g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm {dYm¶H$ dmna... A‘o¶ ‘hmOZ
ghmæ¶H$ àmܶmnH$ g‘mOH$m¶© {d^mJ, A°{‘Q>r ¶w{Zìh{g©Q>r, ‘w§~B©
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Zd hm g‘mOerb àmUr AgyZ Amnë¶m XaamoOÀ¶m gd© JaOm ^mJ{dʶmgmR>r g‘mOmVrb {d{dY KQ>H$m§da à˶j qH$dm Aà˶jnUo Adb§~yZ AgVmo. ¶m gJù¶mV Amnë¶m ^mdZm Am{U {dMma EH$‘oH$m§er g§^mfU gmYyZ 춺$ H$aʶmMo daXmZ ‘mZdmbm bm^bo Amho. nyduÀ¶m H$mimnmgyZ AmnU g§XoedhZmgmR>r doJdoJù¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna H$arV Ambmo AmhmoV ¶m ‘mJo EH$M C{Ôï> H$s, Amnë¶m ‘ZmVë¶m ^mdZm 춺$ H$aUo VgoM Amnbo {dMma ‘m§S>Uo. AJXr nyduÀ¶m H$mir ObX JVrZo g§Xoe nmR>dʶmgmR>r Vma ¶§ÌUm ApñVËdmV hmoVr. VgoM nmoñQ>‘ZÛmao ¶oUmè¶m Amnë¶m {‘Ìm§À¶m-ZmVodmB©H$m§À¶m nÌmMr AZm{‘H$ AmoT> hmoVr. 1991 Z§Va AmnU ñdrH$maboë¶m OmJ{VH$sH$aU Am{U CXmarH$aUm‘wio Am{U V§ÌkmÀ¶m {dñVmam‘wio g§JUH$ B§Q>aZoQ>Mm dmna dmT>bm Am{U KamV gôO~gë¶m OJmVrb KS>m‘moS>r g‘Oy bmJë¶m VgoM H$mhr dfmªnydu Amboë¶m ’o$g~wH$, ìhm°Q>g A±n, {Q‰>Q>a B˶mXr g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§Zr Va bhmZmnmgyZ Vo d¥Õm§n¶ªV gdmªÀ¶m ‘ZmV JméS> Ho$bo Amho ¶mV H$mhrM e§H$m Zmhr. VgoM Ka, Am°{’$g , gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUo ¶m {R>H$mUm§da ‘mo~mBbbm dm¶-’$m¶ ZmdmMm gmo~Vr {‘imë¶m‘wio "{OAmo Or ^aHo$' ¶mMm AW© ~Xbbm Amho. AmVm hr g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mo Amnë¶m OrdZmVrb ñWmZ AT>i AgyZ, hr g‘mO‘mܶ‘o Amnë¶m ’$moZ gmo~V ‘ZmVhr n¸$s "BÝñQ>m°b' Pmbr Amho Ago åhUUo dmdJo R>ê$ Z¶o. AmO ¶m g‘mO ‘mܶ‘mVyZ OJ^amVrb KS>m‘moS>r Amnë¶m ‘mo~mB©bÀ¶m EH$m Q>M da CnbãY hmoVmV. ZdrZ V§ÌkmZ, {ejU, doJdoJù¶m joÌmV Ho$bo OmUmao ZdrZ à¶moJ ¶mMr ‘m{hVr ¶m B§Q>aZoQ> Am{U g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm ‘m¶mOmbmVyZ {‘iV ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 101
amhVo. na§Vw gܶm gd©Ì g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm A{Z~ªYnUo dmna dmT>ë¶m‘wio VgoM AZoH$doim Amnbr gm‘m{OH$ Am{U Z¡{VH$ O~m~XmarMo ^mZ {dgaë¶m‘wio g‘mOmV VoT> {Z‘m©U hmoʶmÀ¶m VgoM ^mdZm XþImdë¶m OmʶmMo àH$ma gam©g KS>VmZm {XgVmV. doiàg§Jr ho gd© EH$m Q>moH$mbm OmD$Z ˶mMo ê$nm§Va "gm¶~a JwÝømV' hmoVmZm Amnë¶mbm {XgVo. na§Vw ¶mgmR>r AmnU g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§Zm g§nyU© Xmofr R>adyZ MmbUma Zmhr. g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm {dYm¶H$ H$m¶m©gmR>r H$gm dmna hmoD$ eH$Vmo ¶mMm gdm©Zm d¡¶{º$H$ nmVirda {dMma H$aUo H$mimMr JaO Amho Ago ‘bm àm‘m{UH$nUo dmQ>Vo. ‘w§~B© {dÚmnrR>mV ghmæ¶H$ àmܶmnH$ åhUyZ H$m¶©aV AgVmZm AZoH$Xm {dMma ¶m¶Mm H$s,AmOÀ¶m {nT>rbm Ho$di {ejU XoUmè¶m {ejH$mMr JaO ZgyZ ˶mÀ¶m gmo~V joÌH$m¶m©V CVê$Z ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aUmè¶m ‘mJ©Xe©H$mMr Iar JaO Amho. ‘J hr ‘mJ©Xe©H$mMr ^y{‘H$m ‘r H$emàH$mao {Z^mdy eH$Vmo hm {dMma H$aV AgVmZm "gVa§JrÀ¶m' ñWmnZoVyZ CÎma gmnS>ʶmg WmoS>r~hþV ‘XV Pmbr. AmO ¶m boImÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ {dÚm϶mªZm gmo~V KoD$Z g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna {dYm¶H$ H$m¶m©gmR>r H$aʶmMm Omo àm‘m{UH$ à¶ËZ Ho$bm Amho Vmo Amnë¶mnwT>o ‘m§S>Uma Amho. ‘o, 2017 CÝhmù¶mMr gwÅ>r gwê$ hmoVr. {dÚm϶mªZm gmo~V KoD$Z àemgZmgmo~V {dYm¶H$ H$m¶© Pmbo nm{hOo Ago ‘bm ‘ZmnmgyZ dmQ>V hmoVo. gܶmÀ¶m H$mimV E.gr ê$‘‘ܶo ~gyZ àemgZ H$go AH$m¶©j‘ Amho ¶mda Vmg§Vmg MMm©gÌm§Mo Jwèhmi ^adm¶Mo Am{U VéUm§‘ܶo àemgZm{df¶r ZH$mamË‘H$Vm AmUm¶Mr Am{U VéUm§Mr T>mb H$ê$Z Amnbo Nw>no AO|S>o gmܶ H$am¶Mo Ago AZoH$ àH$ma g‘mO‘mܶ‘mVyZ {XgyZ ¶oVmV. ¶m gJù¶m ZH$mamË‘H$VoV {dÚm϶mªZm gwÅ>rÀ¶m H$mimV gmo~V KoD$Z àemgZmgmo~V H$m¶ {dYm¶H$ H$m¶© H$aVm ¶oB©b ¶mMm {dMma gwê$ hmoVm. ¶m gJù¶m {dMma‘§WZmVyZ "gVa§Jr ¶m ìhmQ²g A°n' J«wn Mm OÝ‘ Pmbm. gw‘mao 20-25 {dÚmWu gmo~V KoD$Z CÝhmù¶mÀ¶m gwÅ>rÀ¶m H$mimV nZdob àmXo{eH$ n[adhZ H$m¶m©b¶ ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 102
¶oWo lr‘Vr. ho‘m§{JZr nmQ>rb, CnàmXo{eH$ n[adhZ A{YH$mar Am{U ˶m§À¶m ghH$mè¶m§À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ añVo gwajo{df¶r g§Xoe XoUmar q^Vr {MÌo (dm°b n¢qQ>J) H$aʶmV Ambo. øm n{hë¶md{hë¶m gm‘m{OH$ CnH«$‘mVyZ gVa§Jr ‘Yrb VéU H$m¶©H$˶mªMm CËgmh dmT>bm hmoVm. AbrH$S>o {XdmirÀ¶m gwÅ>rV {dÚm϶mªZr H$moëhmnya ¶oWo H$moëhmnyaMo nmobrg AYrjH$ S>m°. A{^Zd Xoe‘wI ¶m§À¶m ‘mJ©Xe©ZmImbr "añVo gwajm OmJa' øm CnH«$‘mÛmao nWZmQ>çmÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ H$moëhmnya Am{U n[agamV añVo gwajm Am{U ZmJ[aH$m§Mr Odm~Xmar ¶m {df¶mda OZOmJ¥Vr Ho$br. Va gVa§JrÀ¶m Xþgè¶m Q>r‘ Zo R>mUo J«m‘rU nmo{bgm§gmo~V ^mBªXa ¶oWrb Cn{d^mJr¶ nmobrg A{YH$mar lr. AVwb Hw$bH$Uu ¶m§À¶m ‘mJ©XeZmImbr nWZmQ>çmÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ añVo gwajm ¶m {df¶mda nWZmQ>ç Ho$bo. VgoM gVa§JrÀ¶m {Vgè¶m VwH$S>rZo bmM-bwMnV à{V~§YH$ {d^mJmMo AYrjH$ S>m°. lrH$m§V namonH$mar ¶m§À¶m ‘mJ©Xe©ZmImbr nWZmQ>çmÛmao J«m‘rU ^mJmV OmD$Z bmM-bwMnV à{V~§YH$ {d^mJ H$em nÕVrZo H$m¶© H$aVmo VgoM ZmJ[aH$ åhUyZ AmnU H$m¶ H$ê$ eH$Vmo ¶m {df¶mda OZOmJ¥Vr Ho$br. AmnU gdm©Zr g‘mO ‘mܶ‘m§Mm O~m~XmarZo Am{U {dYm¶H$ H$m¶m©gmR>r dmna H$aUo hr H$mimMr JaO Amho. ¶m g‘mO ‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m {dYm¶H$ dmnamVyZ AmnU ñdV…‘ܶo Am{U Amnë¶m g‘mOmV EH$ gH$mamË‘H$ dmVmdaU {Z{üV H$ê$ eH$Vmo. ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘m§Mm {dYm¶H$ dmna hmoʶmgmR>r embo¶ VgoM ‘hm{dÚmb¶rZ {dÚm϶mªgmR>r nmbH$ Am{U {ejH$ åhUyZ EH${ÌVnUo H$m¶©aV hmoʶmMr JaO Amho. ¶m g‘mO‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ hmoUmè¶m {dYm¶H$ H$m¶m©V VéU EH$Ì Amë¶m‘wio EH$ gH$mamË‘H$ D$Om© g‘mOmV {Z‘m©U hmoB©b VgoM à˶j H$m¶© H$aʶmVyZ VéUm§‘ܶo g§K^mdZm ¶oB©b ¶mVyZM amï´>{dH$mgmMr EH$ ZdrZ gwédmV hmoB©b ¶mV H$mhrM e§H$m Zmhr. ¶m gJù¶mV JaO Amho Vr VéUm§Zm g‘mO‘mܶ‘mVyZ {dYm¶H$ H$m¶m©gmR>r ì¶mgnrR> CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo Am{U ¶m H$m¶m©VyZ Pmbobr gH$mamË‘H$‘Zm§Zr EH$‘oH$m§Zm Q>°J H$aʶmMr. mmm
JwS>‘m°{ZªJ .... ‘r ’o$g~wH$ ~mobVmo¶! h°bmo.... gwà^mV...JwS>‘m°{ZªJ ‘r ’o$g~wH$ ~mobVmo¶... hmo..hmo.. VoM.. ‘mH©$ PwH$a~J© ¶mZo ~Zdbob§ ’o$g~wH$. ’o$g~wH$... ’o$g~wH$ åhUOo Var H$m¶ hmo.. ñdV…Mm Moham àm§OinUo g‘moaÀ¶m AmaemV nmhUo AJXr A{bánUo, {Z{d©H$manUo ̶ñWnUo. Iyn AdKS> Amho {‘Ìm§Zmo.. nU Q´>m¶ H$am¶bm haH$V Zmhr ! AmVm XMHy$ ZH$m, ñdV…bm {M‘Q>mhr H$mTy> ZH$m AJXr Ia§... ‘r ’o$g~wH$ ~mobVmo¶... amÌ^a OmJaUm§Zr Vw‘Mo S>moH§$ R>UH$V§¶ Zm ? S>moio OS>mdboV Am{U A§Jhr R>UH$V§¶ Zm ? H$m¶ åhUVm? ¶mbm ‘rM O~m~Xma ? Ahmo Vo H$go ? ‘mPm dmna ¶mo½¶ àH$mao H$am Am{U ¶mo½¶ doir H$am {dMmanyd©H$ H$am, S>moH§$ em§V R>odyZ H$am Ag§ ‘r Vwåhmbm {H$VrVar doim gm§{JVb§¶ Zm ? ‘J ? nwÝhm VoM ? ‘m¶m na‘{‘Ìm§Zmo, Vwåhmbm Ago hV~b Pmbobo ~KdV Zmhr. ‘r Vw‘MmM Amho, AJXr e§^a Q>¸o$. Vwåhmbm ^a^ê$Z XoʶmgmR>rM Va ‘mPm OÝ‘ Pmbm. B.g.2004 À¶m ’o$~«wdmar ‘{hݶmV. ˶m {XdgmnmgyZ AJXr Z WH$Vm, Aì¶mhVnUo Vwåhmbm OmoS>Vmo¶, Vw‘Mo {‘Ì, gJogmo¶ao Am{U.. Am{U.. Vw‘À¶m {Odm^mdmMr EImXr 춺$shr ! ‘r.. ‘r Vw‘MmM Amho, Vw‘À¶m godoer VËna Amho.. nU.... nU.. Oam OnyZ ~m~m... {Za{Zamù¶m 춺$s, ˶m§Mo {MÌ{d{MÌ ñd^md Y‘© H$moU W§S>, H$moU VmnQ>, H$moU H$mgdmgmaIm g§¶‘r, Va H$moU S>aH$mir ’$moS>Umè¶m dmKmgmaIm, ~o^mZ, AJXr.... A§Jmda YmdyZ OmUmam ! ! {H$Îmr excite hmoVm Vwåhr ? AJXr h‘arVw‘arda ¶oVm, AmXiAmnQ> H$aVm BVH§$M H$m¶... EH$‘oH$m§Zm AmoaIS>ohr H$mT>Vm..eãXm§À¶m eóm§Zr.. Voìhm..Voìhm..{‘ÌmZmo Iyn Iyn dmB©Q> dmQ>V§.. OI‘m hmoVmV hmo ‘bm.. Ag§ dmQ>V§.. H$s..¶m n¥ÏdrVbmda H$mhrM Mm§Jbo KS>V Zmhr H$m ? CJdUmè¶m hmVm§nojm EH$‘oH$m§Zm OmoS>Umao hmV H$m hmoV ZmhrV BWo ? ‘J... ‘J.. ‘rM Aä¶mg H$ê$ bmJVmo.. ‘m¶mV Zm§XUmè¶m Mm§Jë¶m dmB©Q> àd¥ÎmtMm.! BVH§$ gma§ KSy>Zhr, ‘ñVH$mda W§S>Jma ~’$m©Mr bmXr R>odyZ Aì¶mhVnUo Vw‘À¶m {‘Ìm§Mm ‘r JmoVmdim gm§^miV ~gVmo, Z WH$Vm ! H$emgmR>r ?
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 103
¶mMr ˶mMr ào‘ àH$aU§, A˶mMma, Am§XmobZ§, KmofUm, {ZdS>UwH$m, {MIb’o$H$ M{dï> ~mVå¶m§Mm ZwgVm aVr~ ‘mPr OrdmMr {H$Vr Kmb‘ob hmoV Agob ˶mdoir ? {Xdg^a VoM...VoM... ‘J... ‘rhr WHy$Z OmVmo.. Vw‘À¶mgmaImM. H$Yr H$Yr ‘J dmQ>V§ Amnbm OÝ‘ CJrMM Pmbm ‘mUgm§ZrM ‘mUgm§Zm ZoñVZm~yV H$aʶmgmR>r Or H$mhr eó§ CJmabr AmhoV ˶m eómV ‘mPmhr g‘mdoe Pmbm H$s H$m¶ Aer ^rVr VaiyZ OmVo hmo.. {‘Ìm§Zmo.. ’$º$ ‘mܶ‘ å†ÿZ ZH$m ‘m¶mH$S>o nmhÿ ‘bmhr AmhoV Vw‘À¶mgma»¶mM g§doXZm, ^mdZm Vwåhm gmè¶m§Zm EH${ÌV JwʶmJmoqdXmZo Zm§XVmZm nmhÿZ ‘m¶mhr S>moù¶mV VaiVo H$Yr nmUr Am{U AmoR>mda ¶oVmV gw§Xa JmUr. ‘m¶m A§JmIm§Úmda ( åhUOo ‘m¶m dm°bda ) Hw$Ur {MVmaV AgVmo gw§Xa, ‘mohH$ {MÌo, Aà{V‘ ’$moQ>m|Mo Amago Va H$Yr bhaV OmVmV em§VnUo Owݶm gw‘Ywa Jmʶm§À¶m bHo$ar, H$mhr H${dVm ! Am{U Hw$Ur BWo ^oQ> XoVmo Ad{MVnUo gw§Xa gw^m{fVm§Mo, {dMmam§Mo ZOamUo ! Voìhm...Voìhm {‘Ìm§Zmo.. AJXr ‘ZmnmgyZ dmQ>V§... hmo¶.. ¶m n¥ÏdrVbmda AOyZhr {Od§V AmhoV H$boMr Bdbrer ’w$bPmS§> ! Vwåhr bmdbobr, Vwåhr OJdbobr hr gH$mamË‘H$ D$Om© H$miOmV gmR>dyZ ‘r Zì¶m C‘oXrZo Vw‘À¶mV gwg§dmX KS>drV AgVmo, ‘mUg§ OmoS>rV AgVmo. ‘mUg§ OmoS>ʶmM§ Am{U gm§^miʶmM§ d«V KoVb§¶ Zm ~m°g ? n¥ÏdrÀ¶m CÎma Y«wdmnmgyZ WoQ> X{jU Y«wdmn¶ªV ‘r ’$º$ Am{U ’$º$ OmoS>V AgVmo hmS>m‘mgmMm Am{U H$dr öX¶mMm ‘mUygM ! ho d«V ‘bm ‘ZmnmgyZ Onm¶M§¶... Ho$di Vw‘À¶mgmR>r. ‘r ’o$g~wH$... ‘bm Zmhr H$moUVmM AmH$ma, a§J, ñne©, J§Y Am{U ZmhrV g^modVr OmVrY‘m©À¶m ‘hmH$m¶ q^Vr ‘r H$YrM AS>Hy$Z nS>V Zmhr gr‘maofm§À¶m Omù¶mV Am{U éj nma§nm[aH$ Mm¡H$Q>rV ! ‘bm Onm¶M§... ‘mUgmVb§ ‘mUygnU... Xþ{‘©i ‘mUygnU Vo ’$º$ Am{U ’$º$ Vw‘À¶mVM gm‘mdbo Amho AJXr Ia§ gm§JVmo. Voìhm... {‘Ìm§Zmo ¶m ZdrZ g§H$ënZoMm, ‘mܶ‘mMm, gw§Xa {dMmam§Mm nwÝhm lrJUoem H$aUma Zm ? ~m¶... AmVm Wm§~Vmo.. ^oQy> bdH$aM.. Zì¶m C‘oXrZo !!
am‘Xmg Iao ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 104
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 4 ‘mܶ‘mZw^d g‘mOmVbm gd© KQ>H$m§er d ñVam§er EH$mM doir g§dmX gmYʶmMr ‘moR>r g§Yr {‘iVo. Vr nÌH$mam§Zm, ‘mܶ‘H$‘vZm, ‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m gm‘϶m©Mr ˶m§Zm OmUrd AgVo. ¶m joÌmV H$m‘ H$arV AgVmZm ¶oUmam AZw^d hm ‘mܶ‘H$‘vgmR>r ~aoM H$mhr {eH$dyZ OmVmo. ‘mܶ‘m~mhoarb, bmoH$m§Zm ¶m ‘mܶ‘mMr "H«o$P' dmQ>Vo. nU à˶j H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m§Mm AZw^d H$gm AgVmo? H$mhr {ZdS>H$ nÌH$ma ‘§S>itMo AZw^d, {H$ñgm ¶m XmbZmV eãX~Õ Ho$bm Amho.
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 105
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 4
AmË‘m hadbobr nÌH$m[aVm! gmonmZ ~m|JmUo
X¡. nwʶZJar, R>mUo {d^mJ
‘
amR>r nÌH$m[aVoMr ‘hmZ na§nam Vã~b 185 dfmªMr. ~miemór Om§^oH$am§Zr 1812 gmbr gwê$ Ho$boë¶m Xn©U ¶m d¥ÎmnÌmZo nÌH$m[aVoMm nm¶m KmVbm. ˶m§Zr Amnë¶m d¥ÎmnÌmbm {Xbobo Zmdhr ‘moR>o AW©nyU© AgoM Amho. H$maU 185 dfm©Z§Va ‘amR>r nÌH$m[aVoZo ~miemótÀ¶m Xn©U ‘ܶo AmO Amnbm Mohoam {ZaIyZ nmhʶmMr Amdí¶H$Vm Amho. ‘amR>r nÌH$m[aVoMr hr Wmoa na§nam nwT>o bmoH$‘mݶ {Q>iH$, S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a, {ZiH§$R> Im{S>bH$a, h.am. ‘hmOZr, AmMm¶© AÌo, AZ§V ^mboamd, ‘mYdamd JS>H$ar, Hw$‘ma Ho$VH$a ¶m§Zr nwT>o gwê$ R>odbr. ¶m n{dÌ ì¶dgm¶mMm Y§Xm Z H$aVm EH$m g‘{n©V ^mdZoZo gwê$ Agbobr nÌH$m[aVm AmVm Ver Cabr Amho H$m¶? Agm àíZ {Z‘m©U Pmbm Amho. ‘mPr nÌH$m[aVm Vã~b 36 dfmªnydu gwê$ Pmbr. ~±H$ Am°’$ B§{S>¶mMr ZmoH$ar gm§^mirV àW‘ X¡{ZH$ R>mUo d¡^dMo g§ñWmnH$ Za|Ð ~ëbmi Am{U Z§Va X¡{ZH$ bmoH$gÎmmMo g§nmXH$ ‘mYdamd JS>H$ar ¶m§Mo ‘bm ^a^ê$Z Amerdm©X d ‘mJ©Xe©Z bm^bo. bmoH$gÎmmMo VËH$m{bZ ghg§nmXH$ M§ÐeoIa dmK ho F${fVwë¶ nÌH$ma ‘mPo nÌH$m[aVoVrb Jwé! ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 107
hmVmZo {b{hboë¶m ~mVå¶m§Mo H$mJX amoO gH$mir ˶m§À¶m Kar ZoD$Z Úm¶Mo Am{U Z§Va ~±Ho$V H$m‘mda hOa ìhm¶Mo Agm amoOMm {XZH«$‘ hmoVm. {b{hboë¶m ~mVå¶m, d¥Îmm§V Vo dmMyZ H$mT>m¶Mo Am{U ‘bm g‘moa ~gdyZ ˶mVrb MwH$m Am{U AZmdí¶H$ eãX H$mTy>Z Q>mH$m¶Mo. ˶mVyZM nwT>o nÌH$m[aVoMm àdmg CbJS>V Jobm Am{U J¡aì¶dhma, ^«ï>mMma Aem AZoH$ Hw$àWm§da H$moUmMrhr {^S>^mS> Z ~miJVm {~ZYmñVnUo COoS>mV AmUm¶Mo Z¡{VH$ ~i {‘iV Jobo. bmoH$gÎmmMo g§nmXH$ åhUyZ ‘mYdamd JS>H$ar ¶m§Zr doimodoir ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$a Ho$boM nU, R>mUo d {OëømVrb ^«ï>mMma AmU J¡aàH$mam§da {b{hʶmMr C‘u {Xbr. 1986 gmbr ‘hmnm{bHo$À¶m añ˶mda bmdboë¶m gmo{S>¶‘ ìhong© {Xì¶m§À¶m IaoXrVrb H$mhr H$moQ>tMm KmoQ>mim Agmo H$s, n[adhZ godoVrb ~g IaoXr, ~m°S>r {~ëS>tJÀ¶m H§$ÌmQ>mVrb ^«ï>mMma Agmo, JS>H$ar g§nmXH$ åhUyZ R>m‘nUo nm{R>er C^o am{hbo Am{U ‘m¶m ¶m {df¶mda ZwgVm nmqR>~mM Z XoVm ñdV… AJ«boI {bhÿZ gaH$ma d emgZ ¶§ÌUobm XIb KoUo ^mJ nmS>bo. R>mʶmVrb EH$m aŠVnoT>rV JmoaJar~, ‘Oya, ‘hmamoJr Aem§Mo aŠV amoO H$mTy>Z ˶m§À¶m hmVmda 10-20 én¶o R>odbo OmV hmoVo. VoM aŠV JaOw§Zm XmoZeo-AS>rMeo én¶o dgyb H$ê$Z {dH«$s Ho$bo OmV hmoVo. AgoM àH$ma AmUIr H$mhr {R>H$mUr gwê$ Agë¶mÀ¶m MMm© hmo˶m. hm àH$ma KmVH$ Agë¶mZo ‘r bmoH$gÎmmVyZ ˶m{déÕ {b{hʶmMm {dMma Ho$bm Am{U Vmo JS>H$atZm ^oQy>Z gm§{JVbm. ˶mda ˶m§Zr nwamdo Jmoim H$ê$Z {~ZYmñV {bhr Ago gm§{JVbo d H$moU˶mhr n[apñWVrV Vo AmnU à{gÕ H$ê$ Agm eãX {Xbm. EH$ {Xdg aŠV XoʶmgmR>r O‘boë¶m§Mo ’$moQ>mo H$mT>bo ˶m§À¶m ‘wbmIVr KoVë¶m. ho g§~§{YVm§Zm H$iVmM Ii~i CS>mbr. JS>H$ar ¶m§À¶m EH$m OdiÀ¶m ZmVodmB©H$mgh ¶m ì¶dgm¶mVrb H$mhr
~S>r ‘§S>ir JS>H$ar ¶m§Zm ^oQ>m¶bm EŠgàog Q>m°dg©‘ܶo Jobr. nU JS>H$ar Amnë¶m {ZU©¶mda EdT>o R>m‘ hmoVo H$s, gXaMo d¥Îm H$mhr Pmbo Var ‘r à{gÕ H$aUmaM Ago gm§JyZ ˶m§Zr ˶m§Mr ~moidU Ho$br. åhUyZ Vr ‘§S>ir bJmobJ H$moQ>m©V Jobr d Vo d¥Îm à{gÕ H$aʶmg ‘ZmB© H$aUmam ñW{JVr AmXoe {‘i{dʶmV ¶eñdr Pmbr. bJmobJ ‘m¶mgh JS>H$ar ¶m§Zm g‘Ýg ~Omdbo Jobo. ˶mda JS>H$ar ¶m§Zr Cƒ ݶm¶mb¶mVrb gwà{gÕ dH$sb A°S>. a‘mH$m§V AmodioH$a ¶m§Zm dH$sb nÌ XoD$Z bJmobJ Xþgè¶mM {Xder ˶mda gwZmdUr ZŠH$s Ho$br. EdT>oM Zmhr Va JS>H$ar ñdV… R>mUo H$moQ>m©V Ambo. ˶m§Zm ~KʶmgmR>r ˶mdoir H$moQ>m©V VwSw§>~ JXu Cgië¶mMo ‘bm AmOhr AmR>dVo. nÌH$m[aVoVrb Ago AZoH$ {H$ñgo AmOhr AmR>dUrÀ¶m H$߶mV gmR>bobo AmhoV. {Z…ñdmW© Am{U {Z…ñn¥h nÌH$m[aVm H$er Agmdr ¶mMo YS>o Á¶oð> nÌH$ma lrH$m§V Zob}H$a, H¡$. ^¡æ¶mgmho~ ghó~wÜXo, ZmZmgmho~ noR>o, g.nm§. Omoer, Za|Ð ~ëbmi ¶m§Zr KmbyZ {Xbo. Oo g‘mOmgmR>r KmVH$ Amho, J¡a Amho ˶mda H$moUmMrhr {^S>^mS> Z R>odVm àhma H$aUo hoM EH$‘od ܶo¶ Camer ~miJyZ ¶m gdmªZr R>mUo {OëømMr nÌH$m[aVoMr CÁdb na§nam nwT>o Zobr. 12-14 Vmg Kam~mhoa àg§Jr Oìhma, dmS>m, ‘moImS>m, Vbmgar Aem XþJ©‘ ^mJmV {’$ê$Z Amåhr AZoH$ {dfm§Zm dmMm ’$moS>br. nU AmOMr n[apñWVr ‘Zmbm AñdñW H$aVo. nÌH$m[aVoMm ‘yi AmË‘mM Amåhr hadyZ ~gbmo AmhmoV H$s H$m¶ Ago dmQ>m¶bm bmJVo. ~miemór Om§^oH$a, Am§~oS>H$a, AmMm¶© AÌo, ‘mYdamd JS>H$ar ¶m§À¶mer Am‘Mo ZmVo gm§JʶmMo Ym[aï>ç Am{U Mm[aͶ AmO Am‘À¶mnmer Cabo Amho H$m¶ Agm àíZ nS>mdm EdT>r n[apñWVr ~Xbbr Amho Ago dmQ>m¶bm bmJbo Va ˶mMo Amü¶© dmQy> Z¶o!
mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 108
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 4
"àoP|Q> BO na’o$ŠQ>' {dZmoX {nVio
H$dr, boIH$, nÌH$ma
{Z
dS>UwH$sMo dmao dmhVmhoV. H$moU, H$moU˶m njmV hmoVm, H$moU˶m njmV Jobm ho Og§ eodQ>n¶ªV ‘VXmam§Zm H$iV Zmhr, Vg§M ‘mܶ‘mV dmdaUmè¶m§À¶m ~m~VrV åhUVm ¶oB©b. Jobr H$mhr df} ‘r d¥ÎmnÌ ‘mܶ‘mV dmdaVmo Amho. WmoS>m’$ma AZw^d JmR>rer Amho. EH$ ‘mÌ ¶m EdT>çm dfm©Z§Va AmdOy©Z H$ib§ H$s, BW§ H$mhrM emídV Zmhr. Vg§ ¶m ^yVbmda H$mhrhr emídV ZmhrM, åhUm. nU, d¥ÎmnÌg¥ï>rV H$moUVm ‘mUyg H$Yr H$moU˶m dV©‘mZnÌmV CS>r KoB©b, Vo ˶mbmhr gm§JVm ¶oUma Zmhr. ˶mVyZ AZoH$ {H$ñgohr KS>bobo AmhoV. KS>Vhr AgVmV. Xþ{Z¶m Jmob Amho, ¶mMm à˶¶ Aem CS>çm ‘maë¶mZ§Va ¶oVmo. EH$m dV©‘mZnÌmV qH$dm d¥Îmdm{hZrV H$m‘ Ho$bobo, {‘Ì qH$dm d¡ar, H$mbm§VamZ§ Hw$R>ë¶mVar Xþgè¶mM {R>H$mUr EH$Ì ¶oVmV. ¶moJm¶moJ åhUm qH$dm R>adyZ åhUm, nU Ag§ hmoV§ Am{U ‘J "nmñQ> BO bm°ñQ>' Ag§ åhUyZ ‘§S>ir dV©‘mZmVM OJy bmJVmV. ^{dî¶mV H$moU nwÝhm Hw$R>o Agob, Vo ˶m§Zm ˶mdoir gm§JVm ¶oV Zmhr. åhUyZM "â¶wMa BO AZgQ>©Z' Ag§ åhUVmV, Vo CJrM Zmhr. Zì¶m ghòH$mÀ¶m n{hë¶m dfm©V R>mʶmVë¶m EH$m gmßVm{hH$mnmgyZ ‘mPr nÌH$m[aVm gwê$ Pmbr. VoìhmnmgyZ AmOn¶ªV {d{dY d¥ÎmnÌo, gmßVm{hHo$, ‘m{gHo$, dm{f©H$m§H$, ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 109
X¡{ZH$m§nmgyZ A{Z¶VH$m{bH$m§n¶ªV, ‘mݶda dV©‘mZnÌmnmgyZ Jobm ~mOma Ama§^eya Aem àmg§{JH$ Mma nmZr A§H$m§n¶ªV Am{U eodQ>Mo AmMHo$ XoUmè¶m {Xdmir A§H$m§n¶ªV Iyn {R>H$mUr H$m‘ Ho$b§. ˶mZ§Va ݶyO-M°ZëgMr Xþ{Z¶mhr ~{KVbr. "Vr Amnë¶m bm¶H$sMr Zmhr' qH$dm "AmnU {VÀ¶m bm¶H$sMo Zmhr', ho g˶hr ñdrH$mab§. AmVm Va H$m¶, "hmVmbm VihmV-Am|Oi-~moQ>§ AmhoV H$s EH$ Am¶VmH$ma VwH$S>m ‘ZJQ>mg‘moa OmoS>bm Amho?' Aer e§H$m dmQ>mdr Agm "‘mo~mBb ZmdmMm OmXÿMm ‘mܶ‘H$' Amnb§ Am¶wî¶ {Ji§H¥$V H$ê$Z ~gbm Amho. Agmo, Va ‘mPm ¶m VrZhr àH$maÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mdVmam§er H$iV-ZH$iV g§~§Y Ambm. a|Jmibmo Hw$R>oM Zmhr, ho EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç Amho. ˶m‘wio Ag§»¶m§er VmËnwa˶m AmoiIr Pmë¶m, ˶m H$mbm§VamZo H$m¶‘ñdê$nr Pmë¶m. ˶mVyZhr AZoH$Xm Am¶wî¶^a AmR>dUrV amhVrb Ago AZw^dm§Mo àg§J KS>bo. gJioÀ¶m gJio ‘m§S>Uo eŠ¶ Zmhr. VodT>§ R>rH$hr Zmhr. nU, H$mhr 춊Vr ‘J ˶m ‘mܶ‘mVë¶m AgmoV, ‘mܶ‘mV H$m‘ H$aʶmÀ¶m {Z{‘ÎmmZ§ Pmboë¶m AmoiIrVyZ OdiÀ¶m Pmboë¶m AgmoV, H$mhr AZmhÿVnUo ^oQ>boë¶m AgmoV... ˶m§À¶mer VmaVå¶ nmVirda ‘Z§ Owibr Jobr. ì¶dgm¶ Am{U ZmoH$arnojm ‘¡Ìrbm AZoH$Xm àmYmݶ {Xb§ ‘r. ñdmWm©nojm ñdmZ§X {‘idbm ‘r. gwImnojm g‘mYmZ Ano{jV Ho$b§ ‘r. åhUyZM, à˶j d¥ÎmnÌ nÌH$m[aVm ‘mܶ‘mVyZ Xÿa Joboë¶mZ§Vahr ñdrH$maboë¶m ‘mܶ‘m§‘ܶo hr OmoS>bobr ‘¡ÌËdmMr ZmVr nwÝhm ~habr. EH$ Ho$b§, ¶m ‘mܶ‘mV H$m‘ H$aVmZm H$Yr A{VaoH$s A{^‘mZ ~miJm¶Mm Zmhr H$moUrM, Ag§ gm§Jmd§g§ dmQ>b§, ˶m ˶m 춊Vrbm ñnîQ>nUo gm§{JVb§. Xþga§ åhUOo AmnU g§dmX gmYUmao g‘Ýd¶H$ ìhm¶Mo AgVo, ho à˶oH$mbm H$ibo nm{hOo. ˶m‘wio hmoV§ H$m¶ H$s H$m‘ hmoV§, Amnë¶mda gmondbobr O~m~Xmar ¶Wmgm§J-{Z{d©¿ZnUo nma nS>Vo Am{U H$iV-ZH$iV AmnUhr g‘¥Õ hmoVmo. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 110
‘mܶ‘§, ‘J Vr ‘w{ÐV Aem d¥ÎmnÌm§Mr AgmoV, BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ M°ZëgMr ‘mܶ‘§ AgmoV qH$dm AmVm Ambobr g‘mO-‘mܶ‘§ AgmoV, gJirH$S>o Amdí¶H$Vm AgVo Vr lÕm Am{U g~warMr. gJirH$S>o Amdí¶H$Vm AgVo Vr VmaVå¶VoMr. OmoIr‘ KoʶmMr. ˶mbm gJio [añH$ åhUVmV... gJirH$S>o Amdí¶H$Vm AgVo Vr hOaO~m~rnUmMr Am{U AWm©VM, S>moŠ¶mMm ì¶dpñWVnUo dmna H$aʶmMr. Vo Va gJirH$S>o Amdí¶H$M Amho åhUm. nU, ¶m ‘mܶ‘mV H$m‘ H$aVmZm à˶oH$ jU Zì¶mZ§ AZw^dVm Ambm nm{hOo. H$maU, Zdm jU Zdr ~mV‘r XoVmo, Zdr H$hmUr gm§JVmo, Zdm B{Vhmg KS>dVmo. ˶mH$S>o ˶m ˶m doiÀ¶m ì¶mnH$ Ñï>rZ§ ~KVm Amb§ nm{hOo. Vg§ Pmb§ VaM ~mV‘rXma åhUyZ qH$dm A±H$a åhUyZ qH$dm gmoeb ‘r{S>¶m A°pŠQ>pìhñQ> åhUyZ Vwåhmbm Om{UdoMo Zdo Yw‘mao ’w$Q>Vrb. ˶mMm WoQ> bm^ Vw‘À¶m ‘mܶ‘mbm hmoB©b. BVH§$M H$s Vw‘M§ OJ hmVmVë¶m d¥ÎmnÌmÀ¶m H$mhr nmZm§À¶m H$mJXmnwaV§, g‘moaÀ¶m H$mhr B§Mr ñH«$sZnwaV§ qH$dm hmVmVë¶m N>moQ>çmem ñ‘mQ>© ’$moZnwaV§ ‘¶m©{XV Z amhVm, gr{‘V Z R>odVm, {dñVmaV OmB©b. åhUOoM OJmÀ¶m A’$mQ> Aem H°$Zìhm°gdaÀ¶m ZmZm{dY AZw^dm§Mr {M̧ Vwåhmbm ݶmhmiVm Ambr nm{hOoV. ˶m ݶmhmiʶmMr AZw^yVr eãX~Õ H$aVm Ambr nm{hOo, Amnë¶mgma»¶mM BVam§Zm ˶mMm AZw^d XoʶmMr ZOmH$V gmYVm Ambr nm{hOo. "Vo H$g§?' ¶mMm emoY ‘mÌ Á¶mMm ˶mZ§ KoVbm nm{hOo. S>moio, H$mZ, ZmH$ CKS>o R>odm; Vm|S>mda Vm~m R>odm, öX¶ {demb H$am Am{U ghmdr OmUrd gVV OmJr R>odm. ~Km... Vw‘À¶m àíZm§Mr CÎma§ Vwåhmbm ghO {‘iVrb Am{U Vwåhr Zdo AZw^d KoʶmgmR>rXoʶmgmR>r g‚m ìhmb! Hw$R>ë¶mhr ‘mܶ‘mV Vwåhr Agm, nU "àoP|Q> BO na’o$ŠQ>' ho H$m¶‘ ܶmZmV R>odm. {d붑 eoŠg{n¶a åhUVmo, `There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.'
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 4
"Am°’$ X [aH$m°S>©' amOoe Xm^moiH$a
X¡. nwʶZJar, R>mUo {d^mJ
Zm
‘MrZ Zo˶mMr ^oQ> R>abobr. ‘m¶m ‘ZmV CËgwH$Vm. "gmho~m§Mm ‘moR>m Aä¶mg Amho, amÁ¶mMm. Voìhm ˶m§Zm Amnë¶m n¡H$s Hw$Ur Qw>H$ma àý {dMmaUma Zmhr.' d[að>m§Zr X‘ ^abm. Amåhr {VKo {MS>rMyn. gmho~m§Zm, nonamV AZoH$Xm nm{hb§ Amho. ˶m§Mo Wmoa (?) {dMmahr {Oadbo AmhoV. nU AmO à˶j gmho~m§M§ Xe©Z hmoUma åhQ>ë¶mda H$nS>ogwÕm g’o$X KmbʶmMm ‘moh Pmbm. ¶mda Hw$Qw>§~mer MMm© Ho$br. Voìhm ˶m§M§ ‘V nS>b§- eQ>©-n°ÝQ> g’o$X KmVbm H$s, Vwåhr H$~È>rMo n§M {Xgmb. KaM§ ‘V ‘hÎdmM§ åhUyZ VS>OmoS> H$ê$Z eQ>© g’o$X Kmby eH$Vmo, ¶mda ‘wÔm {ZH$mbr {ZKmbm. amOH$maUmV ‘wÔo bmoUÀ¶mgmaIo ‘wadbo OmVmV. Vo ‘wÔo BVHo$ Q>oñQ>r hmoV OmVmV àMmamV H$s, {dMmam¶Mr gmo¶ Zmhr. Agmo. gmho~m§Mm ~§Jbm Odi ¶oV hmoVm. nwÝhm d[að>m§Zr g‘O {Xbr, "Amnmnbo ‘mo~mB©b gm¶b|Q>da R>odm. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 111
‘wbmIV gwê$ AgVmZm ‘ܶoM ’$moZ dmObm H$s, gmho~m§Mr ewJa eyQ> hmoVo. ‘J Vo Iyn {MS>VmV. ‘mJÀ¶m doir EH$m X¡{ZH$mMm nÌH$ma gmho~m§Zm ^oQ>m¶bm Ambm. g§dmX gwê$ Pmbm. Am{U WmoS>çmM doimV nÌH$ma ‘hme¶m§Mm ‘mo~mB©b dmObm. Pmb§. gmho~, ^S>H$bo. bmb~w§X Pmbo. ‘hÎdmÀ¶m Q>m°{nH$da Ambo hmoVo, VmoM ‘mo~mB©bZo KmU Ho$br. OdiM ~mD$Ýga C^m hmoVm. ˶mZo ‘mo~mB©b {hgH$mdyZ KoVbm. pIS>H$s CKS>br. ~mD$§S´>rdê$Z M|Sy> ñQ>§nda W«mo H$amdm, Vgm ‘mo~mB©b {^aH$mdbm. nÌH$ma Am dmgyZ nmhV am{hbm. VrZ ‘{hݶm§nydu ‘mo~mB©b BE‘Am¶da KoVbm hmoVm. ho Ñí¶ nmhÿZ gmho~ ~mobbo- "Km~ê$ ZH$m. ‘bm {S>grpßbZ AmdS>Vo. VoM ~mD$ÝgaZo Ho$b§. ‘wbmIV g§nbr H$s, ‘mPm nrE ZdrZ h°ÝS>goQ> XoB©b. gr‘ Q>mHy$Z ¿¶m Vwåhr.' d[að>m§Mm hm gm¶b|Q> ‘ogoO EoHy$Z nmMmda YmaU ~gbr. Am‘Mr JmS>r ~§Jë¶m Odi Ambr. CVaë¶m CVaë¶m ‘mo~mB©b ~§X Ho$bm. a{OñQ>ada Zm|X Ho$br. {gŠ¶w[aQ>rZo A§JPS>Vr KoVbr. JwXJwë¶m Pmë¶m. AmOy~mOybm {hadi hmoVr. qhXr {gZo‘mV àeñV ~§Jbo AZoH$Xm nm{hboV. {VH$sQ> H$mTy>Z. {hadi nmhÿZ ‘ñV dmQ>V hmoV§. gmho~m§Zr doi {Xbr hmoVr. ˶mZwgma ’$º$ 10 {‘{ZQ>o am{hbr hmoVr. gmho~m§Zm à˶j ^oQ>ʶmgmR>r. d[að> {~ZYmñV hmoVo. ˶m§M§ gmho~m§er AYZ§‘YZ§ hm¶-h°bmo hmoV Ago. Amåhr Q>oÝg‘ܶo. nona‘YyZ Amë¶mM§ H$ië¶mda ߶yZZo nmUr AmUb§. doJù¶m {R>H$mUr ~gm¶bm gm§{JVb§. VrZ ~mCb ^ê$Z ~Xm‘{nñVo Ambo. hmV {ed{edbo. Am¶bm ìhrAm¶nr ì¶dñWm ^mar Amho, ‘ZmVë¶m ‘ZmV ‘r åhUmbmo. "Aao, Amnbm ’$moQ>moJ«m’$a Ambm Zmhr AOyZ. AmVm AmVyZ bJoM H$m°b ¶oB©b. AmnU AmV Joë¶mda ˶mbm nwÝhm AmV ¶oD$ XoUma ZmhrV. Hw$R>o VS>‘S>bm Xod OmUmo!' JoQ>dê$Z ‘ogoO Ambm. ’$moQ>moJ«m’$a ~§Jë¶mV {eabm¶. hþíe. Km‘ nwgV nwgV ’$moQ>moJ«m’$a d[að>m§nwT>o ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 112
hOa. "gm°ar ga, IÈo> Am{U Q´>°{’$H$Zo Om‘ h¡amU. gmo boQ> Pmbmo.' d[að> AmB©-~{hUrdê$Z ‘§Ì nwQ>nwQ>Uma hmoVo Am{U gmho~m§Zr AmV ~mobmdb§¶, ¶mMm Bemam {‘imbm. "¶m, ¶m. gm°ar, Oam ‘rqQ>J bm§~br.' Ag§ åhUV gmho~m§Zr à˶oH$mer hñVm§XmobZ Ho$b§. "~gm, ~gm... H$å’$Q>}~b ~gm. nm§Sy>, {~ñH$sQ>, Mhm-H$m°’$s gm§J nQ>mnQ>. "hmo, gmho~.' Ag§ ~mobyZ nm§Sy> {ZKyZ Jobm. "h§, H$ê$¶m gwédmV. ‘bm S>m°Q> 12 bm AOªQ> Om¶M§¶. gmo, ñQ>mQ>© H$am.' gmho~ åhUmbo. d[að>m§Zr Am‘Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z {Xbr. "Vwåhr nmQ>UH$a åhUOo, H$moH$UmVbo. ’$ma Mm§Jbm Amho, Vw‘M§ H$moH$U. ‘r ‘§Ìr AgVmZm gd© {Oëho {’$abmo. ˶mVë¶m ˶mV H$moH$U Oam OmñV AmdS>rM§. Jmodm nU AmdS>V§ {’$am¶bm. nU {VW§ Jobmo H$s, H$m¶©H$V} {~¶a Iyn {nVmV. Iyn Pmbr H$s, AmnU Hw$UmÀ¶m ‘VXmag§KmV Ambmo¶, ¶mM§ ^mZ ˶m§Zm amhV Zmhr. ~mobyZ MmbyZ H$m¶©H$V}. H$m¶ H$aUma? A¸$b JwS>¿¶mV.' gmho~ Adm§Va ~mobyZ 12 dmOdUma, ho AmoiIyZ d[að> åhUmbo, "gmho~, ¶§Xm Vwåhmbm {VH$sQ> {‘iʶmMo MmÝgog H$‘r AmhoV. ‘VXma g§KmV Vw‘À¶m~Ôb àM§S> ZmamOr Amho. ^«ï>mMmamMo Amamon AmhoV Vw‘À¶mda. {dH$mgH$m‘o gwÕm Pmbobr Zmhr.' "Ag§ H$moU åhUV§¶.' "nona ‘ܶo N>mnyZ Amb§¶? "Vw‘À¶m nonamV Amb§¶ H$m N>mnyZ.' "Zmhr gmho~. nU Vw‘Mr B‘oO Iam~ hmoVo Zm, ˶m‘wio. CJmM MMm© gwê$ amhVo. Am‘À¶m H$mZmbm Ìmg hmoVmo.' "Aem doir JmUr EoH$m¶Mr, ‘mo~mB©b ‘Ybr. Ìmg H$ê$Z ¿¶m¶Mm Zmhr. {ZdS>UwH$sbm AOyZ ~amM doi Amho. Vã~b 30 df© nmo{b{Q>Šg‘ܶo Amho ‘r. Hw$Ur EH$ Ho$ggwÕm dmH$S>m Ho$bm Zmhr. Vwåhr Q>|eZ KoD$ ZH$m.' "gmho~, Vw‘Mr {deof ‘wbmIV N>mnm¶Mm {dMma
Amho Am‘Mm.' "Aa©a, Ag§ H$ê$ ZH$m. gܶm ‘§Xr Amho. Vwåhr ‘wbmIV ZH$m N>mny. AmnU ‘ñV Jßnm ‘mê$. hmo. nU ‘r BW§ Oo ~mobob Vo gJi§ Am°’$ X aoH$m°S>© Agob. Am{U hmo, ‘mo~mBb ñdrM Am°’$ H$am, bJoM. ‘mJo EH$Xm EH$m nÌH$mamZo gd© ‘wbmIV ‘mo~mB©b ‘ܶo aoH$m°S>© Ho$br. Oo H$mhr ‘r ImgJr ~mobbmo Vohr aoH$m°S>© Ho$b§ ˶mZo. ho ‘m¶m Z§Va bjmV Amb§. Vmoda ˶mMmM ’$moZ Ambm- "gmho~, Vw‘Mr ‘wbmIV OerÀ¶m Ver N>mnbr Va Vwåhr AS>MUrV ¶oD$ eH$Vm. EH$ hmoD$ eH$V§ ¶mVZ§. ‘r gm§JVmo Vr a¸$‘ ‘bm nmR>dyZ Úm. åhUOo ‘wbmIV nU go’$ Am{U VwåhrgwÕm go’$. hmo, nU ho S>rb Am°’$ X aoH$m°S>© ~a§ H$m?' "‘m¶mM JmdMm hmoVm Vmo. Jmdr Ka ~m§Ym¶bm H$mT>b§. n¡go H$‘r nS>bo ˶mbm. KoVbm ‘m¶mH$Sy>Z {ZYr. ho H$mhr Vwåhr {bhÿ ZH$m. Am°’$ X aoH$m°S>© R>odm.' "gmho~, Vwåhr {~ZYmñV amhm. Amåhr Ag§ H$mhr H$aUma Zmhr. Amåhr Ag§ EoH$b§¶ Vwåhr Xþgè¶m nmQ>uV àdoe H$aUma AmhmV. Ia§¶ H$m Vo? VwåhrM gm§Jm?' "‘r ‘m¶m nmQ>uV Iyf Amho. ‘bm gÎmmYmè¶m§Zr Am°’$a {Xbr. nmQ>uV ¶m. {ZdS>UyH$ bT>dm. ‘§ÌrnX XoD$. ‘r ZH$ma XoD$Z Q>mH$bm. EH$mM nmQ>uV amhÿZ ‘r ^anya Zmd H$‘mdb§. (‘m¶m H$‘mdbr-‘m¶m ‘mOr ‘{hbm Aܶjm hmo˶m. Vr Am{U gmho~ EH$‘oH$m§À¶m ào‘mV nS>bo. nwT>o nwT>o XmoKm§Zm b¾ H$aU§ An[ahm¶© ~Zb§.) OZVoM§ ào‘ {‘idb§. nmoa§hr hmVmer AmbrV. ‘VXma ehmUo AmhoV. nwÝhm XoVrb g§Yr. gܶm doQ> A±S> watch À¶m ^y{‘Ho$V Amho, ‘r. ‘mJo EH$m nonaZo ‘m¶m ZmdmMr hoS>bmBZ Mmbdbr. ‘bm ‘m¶m gmho~m§Mm ’$moZ, gH$mir. "hr ~mV‘r Iar Amho H$m?
Vwåhr nmQ>u gmoS>Uma åhUyZ.' ‘r gmho~m§Zm CÎma {Xb§ "gmho~, EH$doi ‘r ~m¶H$mo gmoS>rZ. nU nmQ>u gmoS>Uma Zmhr.' ~mam dmOyZ Jobo hmoVo. gmho~m§Zr Wmn R>moH$br hmoVr. ‘rqQ>J-{~qQ>J H$mhr ZìhV§. Vo Iyn ImgJr ~moby bmJbo. ¶wdm ZoVm Vo ‘§Ìr hm àdmg ˶m§Zr a§OH$VoZo H$WZ Ho$bm. EH$-XmoZ b’$S>r b¾mZ§Va Ho$br. ^«ï>mMma Ho$bm. H$mhr bmoH$m§Zm bw~mS>b§. AJXr ‘Z‘moH$i§ ~mobV hmoVo. EdT>§ gm§JyZhr ˶m§Mo Am‘À¶m ‘ZmVbo gmho~rnU H$‘r Pmb§ Zmhr. Oo H$mhr Amåhr EoH$b§, ~{KVb§; gJi§ Am°’$ X aoH$m°S>©. d[að>m§Zr H$mT>Vm nm¶ KoʶmÀ¶m hoVyZo gmho~m§Zm AIoaMm àý Ho$bm. "gmho~, Vw‘Mm OrdZ àdmg Iyn a§OH$ Amho. AmOÀ¶m ¶wdm {nT>rbm Vw‘À¶mH$Sy>Z Iyn {eH$ʶmgmaIo Amho. bdH$aM Am‘À¶m nonaÀ¶m dVrZo ¶wdm ‘oimdm ^ady. Vwåhr ¶wdm dJm©bm ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$am. VodT>§M ‘wbm§M§ â¶wMa Mm§Jb§ KS>ob.' Am‘Mm hm àñVmd gmho~m§Zm AmdS>bm. Vo åhUmbo. IM© H$m¶ hmoB©b Vo H$idm; Am°’$ X aoH$m°S>©. Ago ¶oV amhm. AYZ§‘YZ§. Iyn ‘ñV dmQ>b§. Vw‘À¶mer ~mobyZ. h„r ‘mUgmbZm doi {‘iV Zmhr. gܶm gÎmoV Zmhr; Var {~Pr AgVmo. ‘wb§ - ZmVd§S§> ¶m§Zm ‘ñV doi XoVmo. Aao, ~mobʶmÀ¶m ZmXmV Vwåhr {S>e VerM R>odbr.' ho dmŠ¶ EoHy$Z d[að>m§Mm Moham nS>bm. "Agy Xo. Agy Xo. nwÝhm ¶m Ho$ìhm Var. nm§Sy>, ho gJi§ CMbyZ R>od. Am{U ‘Kmer ‘r Vw‘À¶mer Oo ~mobbmo Vo Hw$Umbm gm§Jy ZH$m. Am°’$ X aoH$m°S>© R>odm.' Amåhr CR>bmo. ~§Jë¶mÀ¶m ~mhoa Ambmo. ¶m ‘§Ì‘w½Y Jßnm§‘ܶo R>gR>erV bjmV amhrb§. Am°’$ X aoH$m°S>© eãX!
mmm
‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 113
- AmË‘mam‘ ZmQ>oH$a
AmS>do eãX 1. ‘r{S>¶m, àgma H$aUmao gmYZ 6. VoìhmnmgyZ, {ZíM¶ (qhXr) 7. AmKmV, Q>¸$a 8. nÌH$ma ‘§S>ir H$mIoV AS>H$dVmV Vr {nedr 10. nwéf, AOw©Z 11. {Zem 12. ~Îmr, ‘ܶ aoëdodarb EH$ ñWmZH$ 13. eyÐm‘Yrb EH$ OmV … PmS>PyS> H$aUmam ZmoH$a 17. nwînmMm AH©$, gwdm{gH$ Ðì¶ 19. E{S>Q>a, dV©‘mZnÌmMm ‘w»¶ O~m~Xma boIH$ 20. Amogar 22. dV©‘mZnÌmV H$m‘ H$aUmam. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 114
C^o eãX 1. à{gÕrg AmnUo, N>mnUo 2. aËZ, ‘m¡ë¶dmZ nXmW© 3. ‘mV¥^mfm, ñdV…Mr ^mfm 4. boImMo Zmd, erf©H$ 5. ao{S>Amo, AmH$memVyZ ¶oUmao XodmMo eãX 9. ’$UgmMr EH$ OmV 14. nwîH$i, ^anya 15. dV©‘mZnÌ 16. g§H$Q>, AmnÎmr 18. aS>çm ‘Zwf, Zoh‘r aS>Umam 21. ¶moÕm
‘mܶ‘ XmbZ 4
AmoT> Xrjm§VMr... {OÔ dmVmªH$ZmMr! gm¶br Omoer
OZg§nH©$ d {dnUZ A{YH$mar, amÁ¶ ‘amR>r {dH$mg g§ñWm
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ܶ‘mV H$m‘ H$aUo ho AZoH$m§Zm H$m¶‘M AmH$f©H$ dmQ>Vo. nÌH$ma åhUyZ {‘iUmam ‘mZ-‘amV~, à{Vð>m Am{U BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ‘mܶ‘mV H$m‘ H$aV Agmb Va Q>o{bìhrOZda PiH$Uma åhUyZ AmUIrM CËgwH$Vm. nU H$moU˶mhr joÌmV H$ï>mbm n¶m©¶ Zmhr ho {VVHo$M Iao Amho, ˶m‘wio "Omdo ˶mÀ¶m d§em' ¶m åhUrMm à˶¶ Amë¶mdmMyZ amhV Zmhr. nÌH$m[aVoÀ¶m joÌmV H$m‘ H$aVmZm Ambobm AgmM EH$ narjm nmhUmam AZw^d. AmVm Vmo {H$ñgm AmR>dbm Var Voìhm ‘mPr H$er Vmam§~i CS>mbr hmoVr ¶mMr ‘Om dmQ>Vo. nwʶmVrb EH$m Zm‘m§{H$V d¥ÎmnÌmV H$m‘ H$aV AgVmZm ‘m¶mH$S>o g§ajU ({S>’o$Ýg) ~rQ> nmhʶmMr O~m~Xmar hmoVr. {S>’o$Ýg åhUOo gJim H$ma^ma H$S>H$ {eñVrMm. nwUo ho {S>’o$ÝgMo X{jU ‘w»¶mb¶ Agë¶mZo ¶m{R>H$mUr AZoH$ ‘hÎdmÀ¶m g§ñWm H$m¶©aV AmhoV. amï´>r¶ g§ajU AH$X‘r (EZS>rE) hr ˶mVbrM EH$ ‘hÎdmMr g§ñWm. EZS>rEMm Xrjm§V gmohim hm Xadfu hmoUmam EH$ ‘moR>m H$m¶©H«$‘. A{Ve¶ H${R>U Ago à{ejU KoD$Z Xoe^amVyZ Ambobo VéU XoemMo ajU H$aʶmgmR>r g‚m Pmë¶mMo gm§JUmam hm AZmoIm gmohim. ‘mܶ‘ {deofm§H$ / 115
hm H$m¶©H«$‘ gH$mir 6.30 dmOVm gwê$ hmoV Agë¶mZo nÌH$mam§gmR>r nhmQ>o nmM dmOVm nÌH$ma g§KmV ~g ¶m¶Mr. ˶mdoir AgUmao {S>’o$ÝgMo OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar H$mhrgo H$R>moa Agë¶mZo Vo 5 åhUOo 5 dmOVm {OVHo$ nÌH$ma AmboV {VVŠ¶m§gh ~g ~mhoa H$mT>m¶Mo. EoZ {S>g|~aÀ¶m W§S>rV nhmQ>o 5 Z§Va EH$ {‘ZrQ>hr Cera Pmbm Va Vw‘Mr ~g MwH$brM åhUyZ g‘Om. AgoM ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mMo dmVmªH$Z H$aʶmgmR>r ‘r gH$mir 5 dmOyZ 5 {‘ZrQ>m§Zr nÌH$ma g§KmV nmohmoMbo. Va {Z¶‘mà‘mUo ~g {ZKyZ Jobr hmoVr. AmVm BVŠ¶m H$S>mŠ¶mÀ¶m W§S>rV EZS>rEbm H$g§ Om¶Mm Agm ¶jàý ‘bm nS>bm. g‘moa Xþgam H$moUVmhr n¶m©¶ {XgV Zgë¶mZo AIoa ‘r ñdV:À¶m XþMmH$sda Om¶Mo R>adbo. nhmQ>o 5.15 dmOVm H$S>mŠ¶mÀ¶m W§S>rV Am{U A§Ymè¶m añ˶m§Zr {H$‘mZ nmD$U Vmg JmS>r MmbdV ‘r EZS>r JmR>bo Iao. nU H$S>H$ gwajo‘wio ‘bm nÌH$ma Agë¶mMo AmoiInÌ XmIdyZhr H$moUr AmV gmoS>oZm. ‘J nwÝhm nÌH$ma H$jmV OmB©n¶ªV à˶oH$ gwajm A{YH$mè¶mer gwê$ Agbobm PJS>m Am{U Vmo gmoS>{dʶmgmR>r gwé Agbobr ’$moZm’$moZr ¶mVyZ AIoa ‘mPr gwQ>H$m Pmbr. {deof åhUOo BVHo$ gJio Ðm{dS>r àmUm¶m‘ H$éZ ‘r Xrjm§V g§MbZ gwê$ Pmbo AJXr ˶mMdoir ˶m{R>H$mUr hOa Pmbo. ‘bm AMmZH$ ˶m{R>H$mUr nmhÿZ ‘m¶m BVa nÌH$ma {‘Ì‘§S>itÀ¶m Mohè¶mdaMo ^md nmhʶmgmaIo Pmbo hmoVo. Vo nmhÿZ ‘r ’$ma ‘moR>r H$m‘{Jar Ho$ë¶mgmaIo ‘bm ¶mdoir dmQ>bo Am{U AIoa Xrjm§V gmohù¶mMo dmVmªH$Z H$ê$Z Xþgè¶m {Xder ˶mÀ¶m Amboë¶m ~mVå¶m nmhÿZ ‘r ‘Zmo‘Z Yݶ Pmbo. mmm
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