From Jobs to Careers

Page 1

SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT FORUM

From Jobs to Careers

Apparel Exports and Career Paths for Women in Developing Countries Stacey Frederick, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Raymond Robertson, and Mexico A. Vergara Bahena


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A.6 Average Monthly Wages for Females and Both Genders, Manufacturing and All Industries, by Case Country

1min
page 175

A.9 Details of Education Level Data Used for Standardized Analysis, by Case Country

2min
pages 177-178

A.4 Average Monthly Wages in Local Currency, by Industry, in Case Countries

1min
page 173

Education Analysis Issues and Methodology

2min
page 170

A.5 Average Monthly Wages in the Apparel Industry, by Gender, and the Gender Wage Gap in Case Countries

1min
page 174

5.2 North Carolina and Bangladesh: Programs That Spotlight Apparel Careers

2min
page 159

Seven Middle-Income Countries, 2020

6min
pages 161-163

Break Glass Ceilings

2min
page 160

Conclusion

2min
page 164

Increase Access to Education to Promote Female Participation in Careers

4min
pages 157-158

Introduction

4min
pages 150-151

Increase Participation of Female Production Workers in Export-Oriented Apparel Manufacturing and Related Industries

3min
pages 153-154

Key Messages

1min
page 149

Increase the Number of Female Supervisors and Upgrade Apparel Jobs to Manufacturing-Related Services

4min
pages 155-156

Economies, 1995–2015

1min
page 139

Conclusion

1min
page 145

Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Vietnam, 2013

1min
pages 140-141

Can Apparel Exports Increase Jobs and Female Labor Force Participation?

2min
page 136

The Multifiber Arrangement, Export Dependence, and Women

1min
page 132

Conclusion

2min
page 119

of Peak Apparel Exports

4min
pages 134-135

References

3min
pages 122-124

by Scale of Operation

1min
page 131

Notes

4min
pages 120-121

Key Messages

1min
page 125

Middle-Income Countries and the United States

1min
page 118

The Three Female Employment Groups

2min
page 106

The Three Barriers to Career Progression

2min
page 108

Sample Middle-Income Countries, Mid-2010s

4min
pages 116-117

Key Messages

1min
page 101

Selected Industries, 2017

1min
page 105

Global Patterns of Female Labor Intensity

2min
page 103

Introduction

2min
page 102

Annex 2A: Mincerian Equation Results

2min
page 90

Middle-Income Countries, 2000s–2010s

2min
page 78

Sample Middle-Income Countries, by Earliest and Latest Data Years

2min
page 76

Introduction

1min
page 68

Indicator One: Investment in Human Capital

4min
pages 70-71

Indicator Four: Earnings Gaps between Men and Women

4min
pages 79-80

Key Messages

1min
page 67

References

6min
pages 63-66

1.2 Job Classification by ISCO Code, Skill Level, and Education Level

2min
page 61

B1.3.1 Share of Total Female Employment, by Sector and Selected Industries, in Sample Middle-Income Countries, 2017

1min
page 60

Apparel Jobs to Careers

1min
page 55

Feminization U-Shaped Curve

2min
page 50

National Income, 2017

3min
pages 48-49

1.3 Apparel: The Most Important Manufacturing Industry for Female Jobs

1min
page 59

Contributions to Higher Family Income

4min
pages 53-54

Country Cases and Labor Market Classifications

4min
pages 56-57

Middle-Income Countries

1min
page 58

O.4 Returns to Education for Females in Selected Countries, 2007–15 xxvi O.5 Decomposition of Occupations in Women’s and Total Employment Worldwide, by Broad Category and Country Income Level, 2017 xxvii O.6 Relationships of GVC Activities and Country Roles to Occupational Skill and Country Income Levels xxix 1.1 The Path from Jobs to Careers for US Women in the Twentieth Century

4min
pages 46-47
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