Key Pathways
a bank to increase the productivity of needy families (including households with members living with a handicap) and low-income households and integrate them into the society.
IMPROVE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR BETTER SERVICE DELIVERY Chad needs to both build and maintain key energy, water, transport, and telecommunications infrastructure to improve access to basic services. A strategic and holistic approach to infrastructure development is needed to improve the efficiency of public service delivery, including in marginalized areas. Chad needs to find a sustainable way to finance new and maintain existing infrastructure. The authorities should focus on improving the management and oversight of SOEs to ensure effective and efficient service delivery and that they contribute effectively to infrastructure development.7 This reform will require the contribution of the private sector, and the government may need to rely on public-private partnerships to improve the quality of public service delivery. Regardless, the authorities need to focus on the quality of infrastructure in terms of metrology, standardization, and conformity, as well as how to make investments resilient to evolving climate impacts. Priority should be given to energy and transport infrastructure in the short to medium terms.
Reforming the energy sector to improve access Chad’s energy sector is facing two major related challenges: inadequate access to electricity and an inefficient supply of electricity. Significantly increasing access to electricity would require massive efforts to increase power generation and import/export capacity, extend and strengthen the transmission and distribution power grid, and deploy off-grid solutions at scale. Given the time required to implement on-grid electrification, the nascent state of the national power grid (which is limited to the capital city of N’Djamena), and the low population density in rural areas that accommodate nearly three-fourths of the country’s population, mini-grids and stand-alone solar systems (SSS) are poised to play a significant role in providing access to electricity through 2030. Mini-grids will need to be implemented in secondary cities, and SSS will be needed in rural and peripheral areas to provide electricity access to productive uses, public entities, and households. Mini-grid and SSS solutions can be deployed relatively quickly and can function as pre-electrification in locations that will be connected to the national power grid. Integral attention also needs to be paid to customer services and the inclusion of marginalized groups. The national grid is expected to reach some scale in the second part of this decade, supported by the construction of the high-voltage transmission line connecting the power systems of Chad and Cameroon under the World Bank–supported Cameroon-Chad Power Interconnection Project. Ensuring the efficiency of the electricity supply is a key prerequisite for making the electricity sector sustainable, ensuring a reliable electricity supply, and increasing electricity access. The electricity supply in N’Djamena and a dozen secondary cities, which is served by small mini-grids, has been inefficient due the high cost of generation, large commercial losses, low payment collection,
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