'kksËkkn'kZ (lanfHkZr ,oa lehf{kr 'kksËk vkys[kksa dh =Sekfld if=dk)
o"kZ % 2] vad % 2
ekpZ&ebZ] 2020
RNI- UPHIN/2018/77444
ISSN 2582-1288
ia- in~eflag 'kekZ vkSj ^Hkkjrksn;* veu dqekj ia- in~eflag 'kekZ dk tUe lu~ 1873 bZ- fnu jfookj QkYxqu lqnh 12 laor~ 1933 fo- dks pkaniqj L;k≈ jsyos LVs'ku ls pkj dksl mŸkj dh vksj uk;d uaxyk uked ,d NksVs ls xk°o esa gqvk FkkA buds firk Jh mejko flag xk°o ds eqf[k;k] izfrf"Br] ijksidkjh ,oa izHkko'kkyh O;fDr FksA buds ,d NksVs HkkbZ Fks ftudk uke Fkk Jh fjlky flagA os 1931 bZ- ls iwoZ gh fnoaxr gks x, FksA ia- in~eflag 'kekZ dh rhu larku FkhaA buesa lcls cM+h iq=h Fkh vkuanh nsoh] muls NksVs iq= dk uke Jh dk'khukFk Fkk rFkk lcls NksVs iq= jkeukFk 'kekZ FksA ia- in~eflag 'kekZ ds firk vk;Z lekth fopkj/kkjk ds FksA Lokeh n;kuan ljLorh dh izfr mudh vR;ar Jn~/kk FkhA blh dkj.k mudh #fp fo'ks"k :Ik ls laLd`r dh vksj gqbZA mUgha dh d`ik ls bUgksaus vusd LFkkuksa ij jgdj Lora= :Ik ls laLd`r dk v/;;u fd;kA tc ;s 10&11 o"kZ ds Fks rks bUgksaus vius firkJh ls gh v{kjkH;kl fd;kA fQj edku ij dbZ iafMr v/ ;kidksa ls laLd`r esa lkjLor] dkSenq h] vkSj j?kqo'a k vkfn dk v/;;u fd;k rFkk ,d ekSyoh lkgc ls mnwZ o Qkjlh dh Hkh f'k{kk yhA lu~ 1894 bZ- esa dqN fnu LoxhZ; Hkhelsu ìkekZ bVkok fuoklh dh iz;kxfLFkfr ikB'kyk esa v"Vk/ ;k;h i<+hA mlds ckn dk'kh tkdj vË;;u fd;kA iqu% eqjknkckn] ykgkSj] tkyaËkj] rktiqj (fctukSj) vkfn LFkkuksa ij Hkh vË;;u fd;kA vË;;u lekfIr ds i'pkr~ lu~ 1904 bZ- esa xq#dqy dk°xM+h esa dqN fnu vË;kiu dk;Z fd;kA mu fnuksa ogk° ia- Hkhelsu vkSj vkpk;Z ia- xaxknŸk Hkh FksA mlh le; egkRek eqa'khjke (Lokeh Jn~/kkuan) us ia- #nznŸk th ds laikndRo esa gfjn~okj ls lR;oknh lkIrkfgd i= dk izdk'ku fd;kA ml le; ia- in~eflag 'kekZ Hkh muds laikndh; foHkkx esa FksA budk laiknu ,oa ys[ku dk izkjaHk ;gha ls gqvkA blds ckn rks 'kekZ th dk thou ys[ku] laiknu ,oa vË;kiu vkfn esa gh O;rhr gqvkA izkjaHk esa ^lR;oknh* esa gh dbZ ys[k fy[ksA blds ckn lu~ 1908 ds izkjaHk esa tc vkpk;Z xaxknŸk xq#dqy dk°xM+h NksMd + j Ωf"kds'k esa jg jgs Fks rks 'kekZ th ^ijkisdkjh* (ekfld) if=dk ds ^laiknd* gksdj vtesj oSfnd ;a=ky; esa x,A ogk° ij bUgksaus ^ijksidkjh* ds lkFk gh dqN fnu rd ^vukFk j{k.ke~* dk Hkh laiknu fd;kA lu~ 1909 bZ- esa budk vkxeu Tokykiqj egkfo|ky; esa gqvkA ;gk° bUgksua s ^Hkkjrksn;* (egkfo|ky; dk eq[ki=] ekfld) dk lEiknu ,oa lkFk gh v/;;u dk;Z Hkh fd;kA lu~ 1911 bZ- esa bUgksaus egkfo|ky; dh izca/k lfefr ds ea=h in ij Hkh dk;Z fd;kA bl izdkj egkfo|ky; dh vfojy lsok djrs jgsA buds laikndRo esa ^Hkkjrksn;* if=dk us [kwc [;kfr izkIr dhA lu~ 1927 esa buds firk th dk nsgkar gks x;kA bl dkj.k bUgsa egkfo|ky; NksM+ ?kj vkuk iM+kA egkfo|ky; NksMu+ s ds ckn Jh;qr~ f'koizlkn xqIr ds vuqjksËk ij ;s Kku eaMy esa x,Alu~ 1920 dks eqjknkckn esa la;qDr izkarh; fganh lkfgR; lEesyu ds lHkkifr cusA blh o"kZ budh ekrk th dk nsgkar gks x;k FkkA lu~ 1922 bZ- esa bUgsa ^fcgkjh lrlbZ* ij eaxykizlkn iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA lu~ 1928 esa bUgksua s vf[ky Hkkjrh; fganh lkfgR; lEesyu dk eqt∂Qjiqj (fcgkj) esa lHkkifrRo fd;kA blh o"kZ bUgksua s xq#dqy dk°xM+h fo'ofo|ky; esa fganh izkQ s l s j in ij Hkh dk;Z fd;kA lu~ 1911 bZ- esa ^in~eijkx* vkSj ^izca/k eatjh* dk izdk'ku gqvkA ,d ckj ;s laxzg.kh jksx ls xzLr gks x, rks bUgsa gjnqvkxat yk;k x;k] lkFk esa buds iq= dk'khukFk 'kekZ Hkh FksA tc ogk°
ij fpfdRlk ls dksbZ ykHk u gqvk rks bUgsa eqjknkckn yk;k x;kA ogk° MkWxaxksyh ih;w"kik.kh dh fpfdRlk djk;h xbZA fdarq ,slh voLFkk esa Hkh vfojr :Ik ls bUgksaus lkfgfR;d lsok dhA ml le; Hkh ,slk dksbZ fnu ugha tkrk Fkk ftlesa ;s nl&iangz fpfV~B;k° vius fe=ksa dks u fy[krs gksa (ml le; lsok ds fy, dfo ^'kadj* (ia- ukFkwjke 'kekZ ds iq=) buds ikl Fks] vkSj buds ikl Hkh cM+&s cM+s lkfgR;dkjksa dh fpfV~B;ka jkst vkrh FkhaA mudk mRrj ;s viuh Hkk"kk esa gh fnyokrs FksA Ms<+ ekl rd budh fpfdRlk pyrh jghA dksbZ ykHk u gksus ij bUgksaus egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj esa vkus dh bPNk izdV dh vksj dgk&^pyks egkfo|ky; pyks ( ejuk rks gS gh] mlh iq.; Hkwfe esa izk.k R;kxwx° k] xaxk dh xksn esAa * vr% Li"V gS egkfo|ky; ds izfr muesa vkReh;rk ,oa Jn~/kk dk Hkko FkkA mUgsa egkfo|ky; yk;k x;k] lkFk esa ia- Hkhelsu 'kekZ Hkh FksA ml le; egkfo|ky; esa Jh fo'oukFk eq[;kf/k"Bkrk FksA ;gk° vkus ij ia- gfj'kadj 'kekZ oS|jkt dh igyh iqfM+;k ls gh bUgsa cgqr ykHk gqvk vkSj ;s chl&ckbZl fnu esa gh iw.kZ LoLFk gks x,A ia- in~eflag 'kekZ dks ik°p ckrsa cgqr ilan Fkh& 1- Lok/;k;] 2- uohu ys[kdksa dks izkRs lkgu] 3- lkfgfR;dksa ls feyuk&tqyuk] 4- vfrfFk lRdkj] 5- fe=eaMyh ds lkFk ;k=kA os lkfgfR;d ;k=k cgqr djrs FksA viuh e`R;q ls iwoZ Hkh mudk fopkj Jko.k esa czt dh ;k=k djus dk FkkA mudk dguk Fkk&^HkkbZ vc dh ckj Jko.k esa czt dh ;k=k djuh pkfg,A vkxjs ds feJ Hkh lkFk gksa] dydŸks ls cukjlhnkl th rFkk Jhjke th dks Hkh cqyk;k tk,A fdarq bl lkfgfR;d ;k=k ls iwoZ gh os thou dh vafre ;k=k ij fudy iM+As dfoth (ia- ukFkwjke 'kekZ) ds lkFk muds ?kfu"B lac/a k FksA dfo th us viuh izfln~/ k iqLrd ^vuqjkx jRu* fy[kh vkSj mldk leiZ.k dkO; dkuu dsljh iain~eflag dks gh fd;k tcfd ,d lTtu mUgsa blds fy, ik°p gtkj #i, nsus dks rS;kj FksA mu lTtu ds dgus ij mudk dguk Fkk fd&eSa viuk izpqj ifjJe ,d dykfon dks gh viZ.k d:°xk vkSj esjh jk; esa ia- in~eflag 'kekZ blds fy, loZJ"s B gSaA fganh txr esa ^Hkkjrksn;* ^Hkkjrksn;* dk izkjaHk lu~ 1909 bZ- (T;s"B 'kqDy la- 1966) esa gqvk FkkA blds laiknd] in~eflag 'kekZ vkSj lgk;d laiknd ia- ujnso 'kkL=h osnrhFkZ FksA bls ia- 'kadjnŸk 'kekZ us vius izl s ^/keZfnokdj izl s * eqjknkckn esa Nkik vkSj ia- Hkhelsu 'kekZ us xq#dqy egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj ls izdkf'kr fd;kA bldk okf"kZd ewY; Ms<+ #i, rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ,d #i;k FkkA ;g xq#dqy egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj dk ^ekfld i=* ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA if=dk ds vkoj.k ij lcls ≈ij lwpuk nh xbZ Fkh fd ^^vxyh la[;k esa dfooj ^'kadj* dh et+ns kj dfork ^va/ksj [kkrk* Nisxh** rRi'pkr ,d vkd"kZd ckMZj vkSj fQj AAvks3eAA ds ckn vkd"kZd lkt&lTtk ds lkFk fy[kk x;k Fkk ^Hkkjrksn;*A if=dk ds 'kh"kZd ds uhps /;s; Li"V fd;k x;k Fkk& 31
