Excerpt from the By-Laws of West Coast Lumberrnen's Assn.

the Association. of Association rncmbers in good standing, efficiency, cstabshall, from timc

..No mill shall bc eligible to membership in WEST COAST LUMBERMEN'S ASSOCIATIQN whose gradcs below the test of grades efficiency established by the Board of Trustees of said Association. Any member mill whose grades, over a reasonablc period, shall fall below the tcst of grading lishcd by the Association, shall forfeit its membership in This membership qualification, together with the list to time, be nationally advcrtised."

Comptying with thc abovc, WES-T COAST LUMBERMEN'S ASSOCIATION hcreby ccrtifics tha-t-thc gradcr.and grading precticc ol thc followine millE. atter "."iitil Crriili"g Ly co-p.t..iE.oitg.fp"ft", havc becn found-to run from 95o/o to loo/o oa gradc ar to quality pi.rciib.A U-y ttrc d6ciat grading rulcs of WcEt Coast Lunbcrmcn'a Aasocratron :

ANACORTES LUMBER & BOX CO., Anacortes, Wash.

ASTORIA BOX COMPANY, Astoria, Ore.

BEAVER LUMBER COMPANY, Portland, Orc.

E. K. BISHOP LUMBER CO., Aberdeen, Wash.

BOOTH-KELLY LUMBER COMPANY, Eugenc, Orc.

BRIDAL VEIL TIMBER CO., Bridal Veil, Orc.

BUFFELEN LBR. & MFG. CO., Tacoma, \Mash-

CANYON LUMBER COMPANY' Everett, Wash'

CARLISLE LUMBER CO., Onalaska, Wash'

CARLSBORG MILL & TBR. CO., Seattle, Wash'

CASCADE LBR. & SHG. CO., Snohomish, Wash'

CENTRAL COAL & COKE CO., Kansas Citv, Mo.

CLARK LUMBER COMPANY, Vancouver, Wash'

CLARK-NICKERSON LBR. CO', Evcrctt, Wash.

CLARK & WILSON LUMBER CO., Linnton, Ore'

CLEAR FIR LUMBER CO., Tacoma, Wash.

A. F. COATS LUMBER CO., Tillamook, Ore'

COBBS & MITCHELL CO., Portland, Ore.

CORVALLIS LBR' & MFG. CO., Po,rthnd, Orc'

CnOSSptt WESTERN COMPANY, Wauna, Orc'

DEMPSEY LUMBER CO., Tacoma, Wash.

ERNEST DOLGE, INC', Tacoma, Wash.

DOTY LUMBER & SHG. CO., Portland, Ore.

DU BOIS MILL CO., Vancouver, Wash.

ITAGLE LUMBER COMPANY, Portland, Ore.

EAST SIDE MILL & LBR. CO', Portland, Ore'

EATONVILLE LBR. CO., Eatonville, Wash'

ECLIPSE MILL COMPANY' Everett, Wash'

'EMERY & NELSON, INC.' Napavine, Wash'

FIDALGO LBR. & BOX CO., Anacortes, Wash.

FISCHER LUMBER COMPANY, Marcola, Ore.

G. H. P. LUMBER CO., Hillsboro, Ore.

GLENDALE LUMBER' COMPANY, Glendale, Ore.

GRAYS HARBOR MFG. CO.' Aberdeen, Wash.

I. P. GUERRIER LBR. CO., Star Route, Chehalis, Wash' irpwrrt-r-EA-FuNcK co., sumner, wash.

WM. HULBERT MILL CO., Everett, Wash.

E. E. JOHNSON LUMBER CO.' Coquille, Ore'

KENWOOD LUMBER CO., Portland, Ore.

KLEMENT & KENNEDY, Seattle, Wash.

LAKE CLE ELUM LBR. CO., RoslYn, Wash'

LINCOLN CREEK LUMBER CO., Centralia, Wash'

LINDSTROM-HANDFORTH LBR. CO., Tacoma,Wash'

LONG-BELL LUMBER CO', Longview, Wash.

LUEDINGHAUS LBR. CO., Portland, Ore.

MACHIAS MILL CO., Woodinville, Wash.

MANLEY. MOORE LBR. CO., Tacoma, \Mash.

McCORMICK LBR. CO., McCormick, Wash.

CHAS. R. McCORMICK LBR. CO., St. Helens, Ore.

McKENNA LUMBER CO., McKenna, Wash.

L. B. MENEFEE LBR. CO., Portland, Ore.

MULTNOMAH LBR. & BOX CO., Portland, Ore.

MUMBY LBR. & SHG. CO., Seattle, Wash.

COAST TUMBERMEN'S ASSOCIATION,

MUTUAL FIR COLUMN CO.' Tacoma, Wash.

MUTUAL LUMBER COMPANY' Bucoda, Wash.

NETTLETON LUMBER CO., Seattle, Wash.

NICOLAI DOOR MFG. CO., Portland, Ore.

OREGON LUMBER CO., Baker, Orc.

OSTRANDER RY. & LBR. CO., Ostrander, \Mash.

PACIFIC NATIONAL LBR. CO., Tacoma, Wash.

PACIFIC SPRUCE CORPORATION, Portland, Ore.

PACIFIC STATES LUMBER CO., Tacoma' Wash.

PALMER LBR. & MFG. CO., Chchalis, Wash.

PARKER LBR. & BOX CO., Everett, Wash.

PENINSULA LUMBER CO., Portland, Orc.

POSEY MFG. CO., Portland, Ore'

PRESTON MILL COMPANY, Seattle, Wash.

PROUTY LBR. & BOX CO.,'Warrcntorl Orc'

RAYMOND LUMBER CO., RaYmond, Wash'

RIDGEFIELD LUMBER CO., Ridgefield, Wash'

ROBINSON MFG. CO., Everett, Wash.

ROYSE HANKIN LUMBER CO.,SedroWoollev,Wash'

ST. PAUL & TACOMA LBR. CO., Tacoma,'\tr/ash'

SEATTLE MILL & LOGGING CO., Seattle, Wash'

SHAFER-McLAUGHLIN & HILLIER, INC',

Portland, Ore.

SILER MILL COMPANY, RaYmond,'Wash'

SILVER FALLS TIMBER CO., Silverton, Ore'

SKAGIT MILL COMPANY, LYgran, Wash.

StlOQUaf.UIE FALLS LUMBER COMPANY' spnrrrrbpn MrLL CoMPANY' olvmpia, wash.

Snooualmie Falls, Wash.

SIaNWOOD LUMBER CO., Stanwood, W-ash-

SffUSOn TIMBER COMPANY' Scattle, Wash'

SfOUt LBR. CO. OF OREGON, North Bend, Ore' tUWfWetpR LBR. MILLS CO., INC., Tumwater,Wash'

WALLACE LBR. & MFG. CO., Sultan, Wash'

WALTON LUMBER CCIMPANY, Everett, Wash.

WALVILLE LUMBER CO., Walville, Wash.

WESTERN LBR. MFG. CO., Tacoma, Wash.

WEST OREGON LBR. CO., Linnton, Ore.

WESTPORT LUMdER CO., WestPort, Ore'

WEST WATERWAY LBR. CO., Seattle, Wash'

WESTWOOD LUMBER CO., Wheeler, Ore'

WEYERHAEUSER TIMBER CO., Everett, Wash'

WHEELER, OSGOOD CO., Tacoma, Wash'

WHITE RMR LUMBER CO., Enumclaw, Wash'

WHITE STAR LUMBER CO., Whites, Wash'

WHITNEY COMPANY, Garibaldi, Ore.

WILLAMETTE VALLEY LBR. CO', Portland, Ore'

WILLAPA LUMBER CO., Portland, Ore' wiwcnpstER BAY LUMBER co., Portland, ore'

WOOD & MRSON, INC., Hobart, Wash'

W- A. WOODARD LBR. CO, Cottage Grove' Ore'

(Continued from Page 14) ippine Mahogany has either been deceived or has complained that he has been defrauded."

It is not a question either of merits of the wood, for it is shgryn throughout the record that only experts can distinguish it'when mixed with the so-called truC mahogany. Let me_quote Commissioner Humphreys on this point.-Hssays:

"It is practically admitted in this case thit the *ood- it controversy has every quality necessary to justify it being classed-commercially as a mahogany. Ii might be-added, al shown--by.the record, that somJof ihe truJmahogany,'bo- tanically, is soft and spongy and has little valuelommercially. If this wood was pliced on the markets as mahogany-, undouqtedly there would be a great protest from th-=e Mahogany Assoc,iation and from thJpublic,'and justly so, because it would not be mahogany iommercially ana its sale as such would be a fraud upbn the public."

03- paSe-6- 9f- Commissioner Humphrey's report he says:

"The exhibitions before the Commissibn of-two selecied doors, one of the so-called genuine mahogany and the other.of Philippine ltrrt{9ganf, at least insoiar as appearance is concerned, decisively confutes the evidence'ot att so-called e-xperts as to ths inferiority of the philippine wood. fn fact, the doo-I of the philippine Mahogany was so much more beautifully figured and iolored and- in'every appearance so much more desirable than the genuine, that most purchasers would prefer it. This exhibition conclu- sively demonstrated thal the philippine Mahogany pos_ sesses every desirable attribute that-cbnstitutes irahosittv as defined by all the decisions and authorities."

It was interesting to know that the door mentioned above was mangfactured in Los Angeles and was not made to order but taken right out of sto-ck. Flear.what the examiner in.this case says in his findings of fact :

"The resemblance between ihe characteristics of genuine mahogany wood and the wood sold in interstate commerce as "Philippine Mahogany" are so close that it is difficult even for an expert wood technologist to distinguish be, tween them without the aid of instruments usually employed by wood technologists in examining various wood specimens."

Just imagine every dealer in mahogany running around with a double-lensed microscope in his pocket living in dread that someone might sell him a board of "Tanguile" or "Lauan" and call it mahogany.

Just what does the term "mahogany" mean to the general public? Does it mean a description of a tree or the description of a lumbei which has certain definite characteristics which makes it suitable for certain definite uses ? Does the fower, fruit and seed which differentiate between the different botanical families have any meaning for the man who is not a botanist, or is it not a fact that the general color, grain, figure, texture and strength are the prime factors which interest the users of wood ? If I explain to an ordin3ry man that a certain wood is some botanical specimen, ten to one he does not know what I am talking about, but if I tell him I am selling Pine, Cedar, Fir, Oak, Birch or Mahogany, he immediately knows just what I am trying to put across. Hence, we must have certain commercial terms which, when used, give a general idea of descriptio4.

Is the public deceived when it purchases Oregon Pine, because it is not Pine, botanically ? Is the public deceived when it buys Red Cedar, Port Orford Cedar, Tennessee Cedar or Spanish Cedar, when none of these woods are Cedar, botanically?

One of the best witnesses on being examined in this case said:

"I would be unable to describe this wood without calling (Continued on Page 18)