The FARM Institute Master Plan

T h e FA R M I n s t i t u t e M a s t e r P l a n enhancing the educational experience on a working farm

Prepared for the FARM Institute Edgartown, Massachusetts

Helmi Hunin & Max Madalinski The Conway School

Spring 2016

index Program Overview ........................................... 1 Context

Site Context & Glacial History ....................

2

Critical Habitat ...............................................

3

Climate Change ..............................................

4

Site Conditions

Existing Conditions ......................................

5

Microclimates ..................................................

6

Soils & Drainage .............................................

7

Legal Constraints ..........................................

8

Views ..................................................................

9

Access & Circulation .....................................

10

Summary Analysis ........................................

11

Suitability Studies

Livestock Systems ........................................

12

Renewable Energy ........................................

13

Design Development

Design Alternatives ......................................

14

Preferred Design ...........................................

15

Site Design Details .......................................

16

Landscape Design Details .........................

17

Architectural Design Details .....................

18

Plumbing Design Details I ...........................

19

Plumbing Design Details II .......................... 20

Appendix A: Plant Palette I .............................. 21 Appendix B: Plant Palette II ............................. 22 Appendix C: Water Capture Calculations .... 23

on Martha’s Vineyard with a mission of connecting people to the source of their food. They raise pastured poultry, pork, beef cattle, sheep, and mixed produce with the help of over 2,500 local and visiting children each year. TFI hosts educational programs which include a summer camp and year-round programming with island schools, and it holds educational workshops for

SPRING 2016

Katama Road

The FARM Institute (TFI) is a non-profit production and educational farm

HELMI HUNIN &

Who is the FARM Institute?

MAX MADALINSKI

Program Overview

TFI

main campus. The remaining land is made up of 179 acres of pasture land for grazing livestock and a 6-acre photovoltaic array in the northwest corner of the farm, built by a solar company which has leased the land from the town

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from the town. Its educational activities are centered around the 9.5-acre

since 2011.

Iconic silos, farm stand, and Katama Barn on main campus

Katama Farm, site of the FARM Institute

Goals & Objectives

The Trustees of Reservations (TTOR) is a Massachusetts-based conservation organization which, like TFI, has a mission of connecting people to the land.

It owns and cares for more than 100 sites and over 25,000 acres across the commonwealth, including 2,000 acres of farmland and three farms. TFI began a merger with TTOR in March 2016, aiming to bring financial stability to the farm and expand current programming.

Vision for the Future of Farm Education at TFI

Access & Circulation

Resilience

Tim Connelly, Director of Education at TFI, approached the Conway School to

Access and circulation are optimized for ease of use and safety:

TFI programming is resilient in the face of climate change:

create a master plan for the main campus that would help TFI achieve its goal

• Improved entrance experience • Intuitive wayfinding • Clearly defined parking and movement of vehicles

• Perennial fodder crops for livestock • Water retention systems for irrigation • Renewable energy for the campus and island

of enhancing the educational experience of visitors on the farm. In the spring of 2016, a process of client and stakeholder meetings began to refine and prioritize the initial goals along with site and contextual analyses. TFI’s goals focus on access/circulation, structures, and resilience.

Structures Sufficient structures support educational programming needs: • Multi-use shade structures • Seasonal housing and bath house

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

program overview

A Unified Venture: TFI Merges with TTOR

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EDGARTOWN, MA

TFI leases the historic 190.5-acre Katama Farm in Edgartown, Massachusetts,

PREPARED FOR:

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

Meals in the Meadow, and farm-to-table events.

THE FARM INSTITUTE

adults as well as several large events each year including Sheepapalooza,

Martha’s Vineyard. Its maritime climate and geology

9.5-acre Main Campus

create numerous challenges and opportunities for achieving the organization’s goals.

On the Island of Martha’s Vineyard...

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HELMI HUNIN &

The FARM Institute lies on the sandy coastal soils of

MAX MADALINSKI

Site Context and Glacial History

175 acres of Pasture Land

Katama Bay

keeping it cooler in summer and warmer in the winter (USDA hardiness zone 7a). The site consists of 175 acres, 9.5 of which are used as the farm’s main

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sheet 7). However, the ocean also moderates temperatures on the island,

EDGARTOWN, MA

Edgartown Great Pond

bodies leaves the site exposed to constant maritime winds (see Microclimates

THE FARM INSTITUTE

The FARM Institute

Bay. Its level terrain and proximity to the coastline and several major water

PREPARED FOR:

southern coast. The farm lies between Edgartown Great Pond and Katama

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

The FARM Institute is approximately 0.4 miles north of Martha’s Vineyard’s

W

i

Martha’s Vineyard’s glacial past has a strong influence on the ecology and

s co n s o ni

soils of the FARM Institute. Approximately 21,000 to 25,000 years ago, the

of

Wisconsonian Glaciation reached its southernmost extent along what is now

nt

the northern coast of Martha’s Vineyard. As the glaciers began to melt and recede, they deposited large mounds of soil and rock along the northern

te

edges of the island, creating what’s known as a moraine. At the same time,

n

G

la

ci

at

io

n

Ex

the melting ice formed large streams that carried sediment down through the

a

central and southern portions of the island. Large boulders and rocks settled out near the moraines followed by extensive deposits of sand that form

consist primarily of sand and ecological communities adapted to these soils dominate the nearby landscape (see Soils and Drainage sheet 8 and Critical Habitat sheet 2).

what is known as the Great Plain. As a result, the soils at the FARM Institute

The FARM Institute

site and glacial history

...And the Outwash Plain

context

campus and are the primary focus of this master plan.

2 /23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The FARM Institute is a sweeping open space with 180 acres of agricultural grassland with a highly developed

TFI

TFI

Katama Airpark

part of Martha’s Vineyard on one edge and critical habitat for species of conservation concern on the other. A

Katama Airpark

long-term land-management plan should consider the

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HELMI HUNIN &

Katama Bay

Katama Bay

MAX MADALINSKI

Critical Habitat

constraints and opportunities of its unique ecological

the FARM Institute is typical of those sandplain grassland communities, made up of a patchwork of heathland/maritime shrubland, grassland, pitch pine barrens, and scrub oak. Grassland and heathland in the sandplain are unique ecosystems on which many rare species depend. In order to sustain the

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conditions on which sandplain plant communities grew. The land surrounding

EDGARTOWN, MA

The soils that formed on the foundation of the glacial deposits created the

THE FARM INSTITUTE

Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

PREPARED FOR:

Sandplain Grassland Plant Communities

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

location.

Edgartown

wildlife that depends on these ecosystems to survive, conservation efforts are extremely important.

years, maintained by grazing livestock, from sheep in the 1600s to dairy cows

Grasshopper sparrow feeds and nests in grasslands

Barrens buckmoth is a scrub oak species

Sandplain grassland / heathland at Katama Airpark

Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)

Scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia)

Agricultural grassland at TFI

Katama Airpark & Conservation Land

in the twentieth century, to beef cattle and sheep today. Grazing is a type

thousands of years by the Wampanoag to control the succession of plant species. If agricultural grazing ended, it is likely that over time the pastures at the FARM Institute would look similar to the patchwork of land around it.

Woody species would increase, leading to the establishment of forests.

Critical Habitat

The land around Katama Farm was less developed in 1954

conservation concern. Both the FARM Institute and Katama Airfield to the

The barrens buckmoth is a state-listed species of conservation concern. In

west are under Conservation Restriction in perpetuity (see Legal Constraints

Massachusetts they inhabit dry, open habitats, oak barrens, and maritime

sheet 9) which helps to protect the species that depend on them.

shrublands. A colony of imperial moths (Eacles imperialis) on the island

Abutting the western edge of TFI’s boundary, Katama Airfield’s 190-

has been the subject of scientific and local political activity concerning the

acre grassland conservation area is widely recognized by conservation

conservation of barrens habitat. Raptors like the northern harrier owl hunts

organizations to be the largest and best sandplain grassland in the state,

Wildlife

in the grasslands and nests in barrens, while species like the grasshopper sparrow depends on grasslands for feeding, breeding and nesting.

and possibly in New England. BioMap 2 maps the parcel as Priority Natural Community and it is home to many rare and uncommon plant and animal

Native grassland provides habitat for many types of birds while shrubland

species.

and barrens are important habitat for rare invertebrates. There is

Located between fragmented barrens habitat and a large parcel of

disagreement among ecologists over which habitat should take precedence,

conserved grasslands, TFI should consider allocating a portion of its pasture

The Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program (NHESP) has

but each ecosystem provides important services for different species and

towards conservation efforts of both important habitats to form more

designated two-thirds of Martha’s Vineyard as core habitat for species of

they are both important in supporting the biodiversity of Martha’s Vineyard.

contiguous parcels.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

context

of disturbance similar to controlled burnings that were once practiced for

critical habitiat

The FARM Institute’s land has been agricultural grassland for hundreds of

Katama Farm (TFI)

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Climate Change

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22.68 21.03

including stronger storms, intense droughts, and sea level

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100 yrs

15.84

15.32

Current Sea Level

11.04 10

8.26

rise. The long-term effects will change the way we grow food, obtain water, and construct buildings. On a small

50 yrs

Katama Farm

13.75

Sea level could reach Katama Farm within the next 50 years; storm surge could bring sea levels even higher.

A-A’

(NTS)

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the earth’s natural systems, resulting in extreme events

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HELMI HUNIN &

global temperatures. The warmer atmosphere is affecting

Inches of Rain between April and August

The earth is currently experiencing a dramatic increase in

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19.09

20

5

island with limited resources, at less than 30 feet above 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Year

Drought & Resource Shed The past two summer seasons have been marked by drought conditions that have affected the activities at the FARM Institute. Before the drought, TFI produced much of its own fodder, but no longer produces enough hay to

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EDGARTOWN, MA

Annual growing season rainfall on Martha’s Vineyard THE FARM INSTITUTE

changes.

2005

PREPARED FOR:

Institute is situated at the forefront of the oncoming

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THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

sea level and less than a mile from the shore, the FARM

feed its livestock. While in the past the farm has purchased hay from other suppliers, the most recent year’s hay traveled 1,225 miles from Wisconsin from a supplier that, according to farm staff, sells quality hay for a low price.

A’

Transportation adds additional cost to the farm’s operation and releases carbon emissions into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.

According to the Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment report of 2006, the Mid-Atlantic states as climate change progresses. While the farm is not reinforces the drought conditions that contribute to the farm purchasing hay in the first place. Such a cycle seems out of line with TFI and TTOR’s stated

Argyle the lamb eating hay from Wisconsin in the cow barn (2016)

Topography of Katama Farm relative to sea level

mission of promoting sustainability.

Rising Sea Level & Salt Water Intrusion

water has a higher density than freshwater, it naturally sinks and pushes underneath where the two water bodies meet, pushing the freshwater

With climate change, sea level is predicted to rise 3.3 feet by 2050 and 6.6

aquifer slightly upward. However, some mixing of saltwater and freshwater

feet by 2100. The FARM Institute mostly lies above this level, between 10 and

does begin at this interface and if the draw from a nearby well is strong

30 feet above sea level except for a portion of the southern pasture, which

enough, salt water could be sucked into the system. As climate change

is between 5 and 6 feet above sea leve. While the main campus lies mostly

causes sea level to rise and encroach inward upon the island’s coast, the

between 20 and 30 feet above sea level and will not be flooded by a 6.6 foot

below-ground interface encroaches with it.

sea level rise, it is possible that the farm’s well, located on the main campus and supplying most of the drinking water for the farm’s livestock, could be

Due to the complex dynamics that take place at this interface, it is difficult

affected by salt water intrusion. The increasing severity of storms brought

to say when or if this will become a problem at the FARM Institute. However,

on by climate change could further exacerbate the problem by adding storm

the institute’s goal of capturing rainwater for irrigation and other agricultural

surge on top of already rising sea levels.

uses would help situate it in a more resilient position if saltwater intrusion ever does become a problem. The Institute may want to consult with local

Salt water intrusion can take place at properties with wells near the interface

resources such as the Martha’s Vineyard Commission to determine the

of the well’s freshwater aquifer and below-ground salt water. Since salt

potential for saltwater intrusion with the onset of sea level rise.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The process of saltwater intrusion into a well

context

solely responsible for climate change, the importation of hay using fossil fuels

climate change

drought conditions will become more frequent throughout New England and

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3

6

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s

Silo

While not yet part of the FARM Institute, a proposed kitchen and dining facility designed to accomodate the 80 guests that the farm hosts during its residential programs may be built on the western side of the Visitor Center.

(The kitchen layout and rendering (above) were provided to the institute by South Mountain Company, a design firm on Martha’s Vineyard.)

PREPARED FOR:

Arriving at the FARM Institute, guests pull into a parking area in the southeastern corner of the main campus. The greenhouse, which the farm uses for growing greens year round, and the hop tunnel, a hoophouse frame trellised with hop vines, lie just to the north of the parking lot.

During the summer, eggs, meat, and produce are sold out of the farm stand, which also acts as the main check-in point for the farm.

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

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EDGARTOWN, MA

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80 Feet

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paddocks and pastures.

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Section A-A’

storage, classrooms, visitor and staff parking, play space and gardens, and livestock

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The FARM Institute’s current facilities provide a mix of freeform machine and scrap

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MAX MADALINSKI

Existing Conditions

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4

1

The cow barn stretches toward the northern end of the main campus. Most of the building shelters livestock and hay throughout the winter, though the southern end contains a machine shop and space for storing tractors and other farm equipment.

5

0

The “Back 40” serves as the farm’s scrap yard and staff parking area.

Site Plan

6

7

Scrap Yard

Pasture

Livestock Pen

Parking Area

Play Space or Garden

In the Friendship Garden, the farm grows annual vegetables with the help of volunteers. In 2014 the farm received a grant to install crushed oyster shell paths, which the farm’s staff agree helps guide visitors along proper paths rather than through the garden beds.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Bordered by the Visitor Center to the west (the farm’s office and kitchen space) and the Katama Barn to the north (the farm’s classrooms), the “People Pasture” consists of a grassy field where children are allowed to play when not taking part in activities in the Katama Barn.

Across the street are the Community Garden and two experimental plots where the farm is testing new forage seed mixes.

site conditons

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existing conditions

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5 /23

where bunkhouses might be sited on the farm. The current buildings and vegetation provide very little shade for guests, livestock, or staff.

NW

Wi

The prevailing winds at the FARM Institute primarily come out of the west, shifting from the

nte

rW

northwest in the winter to the southwest in the summer. However, throughout a given day

ind

s

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HELMI HUNIN &

The maritime wind affects the growth of vegetation and constrains

MAX MADALINSKI

Microclimates

a Are red 0 e f f 4 Bu ack in B

or week, wind direction frequently changes. The diagram at bottom right shows the 10-day wind direction forecast predicted for the nearby Katama Beach between June 12 and June 21, 2016. Most of the main campus is surrounded by wide open fields as seen in the picture below.

However, one area in the northeastern section of the site is buffered from wind by a mix of

Most of the campus is surrounded by expansive treeless pastures.

The constant maritime wind can severely damage trees such as this apple.

The analysis at top right also shows the shade created by buildings and vegetation on the main campus during the summer solstice at 9 am, 12 pm, and 3 pm. Most of the buildings

z

create partial shade on their east or west sides with small areas of full shade to their north. As a result, visitors at the FARM Institute have few places to take refuge from the sun, and the farm resorts to stretching tarps and shadecloth over temporary structures to provide shaded seating areas.

The constant salt-laden winds that frequently reach up to 20 to 30 miles per hour tend to stunt, slow the growth of, or kill young trees on site. Because of these harsh winds, structures would provide the shade requested by the client faster than trees. Any plants selected for the site must be adapted to handle the harsh maritime wind.

The farm uses shadecloth to create temporary shade areas for guests.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Temporary Shade Structures

es

m

m

SW

Su

er

ee Br

Sun and Shade Analysis at TFI on the Summer Solstice at 9 am, 12 pm, and 3 pm.

Full Shade

Full Sun

Partial Shade

Partial Sun

0

40

80 Feet

6� contour interval

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EDGARTOWN, MA

THE FARM INSTITUTE

additional buffer from the western winds.

microclimates

protection from the wind for any new bunk facilities. However, the area would need an

PREPARED FOR:

Compared to the rest of the site, the buffered area in the northeast would offer the most

site conditons

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

native and non-native invasive vegetation.

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except for in a compacted western paddock. Soil tests indicate two spots with higher than normal nutrient levels.

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HELMI HUNIN &

Well to excessively drained soils largely prevent drainage problems

MAX MADALINSKI

Soils and Drainage

Katama sandy loam constitutes most of the western portion of The FARM Institute’s main campus and Carver loamy coarse sand constitutes most of the eastern portion of the site.

Most of the site has slopes of 0-3%, which on other sites typically results in puddling and

w Co n r a B

pooling since water is not being directed off the slope by gravity. However, these soils are well drained (Katama) and excessively drained (Carver), which means that water infiltrates quickly

compact the soil thoroughly, slowing the infiltration of water. Furthermore, as water passes over other livestock paddocks it picks up nutrients from manure. The result is a wet area with high nutrient loading.

Wet Western Paddock

*

Hop Tunnel/ Greenhouse Soil Test

There could be opportunities to capture and use both the nutrients and water that are moving

*

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collect in one of the western paddocks. Cows overwintered in this paddock trample and

EDGARTOWN, MA

barn and the land immediately to its west were graded so that runoff from the barn would

THE FARM INSTITUTE

There is only one place on site where water tends to pool during storms. The floor of the cow

PREPARED FOR:

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

through them despite the site’s flat to gentle slopes.

Friendship Garden Soil Test

into the western cow paddock. However, other than the cow paddock, most of the site will not

acidic. However, soil tests taken from the Friendship Garden and near the greenhouse and hop tunnel indicated high levels of phosphorus and organic matter and generally higher levels of nutrients than elsewhere on the farm. Placing any edible perennials that the institute requested in these areas may require a different suite of plants more suited to the higher

Well Drained 0-3% slopes

Carver loamy coarse sand Excessively Drained

0-3% slopes

0

40

80 Feet

6” contour interval

* Water flows across the animal paddocks, becoming loaded with nutrients from the manure on the ground.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

soils

&

organic matter and nutrient content of the soil than would be used in other areas of the farm.

Katama sandy loam

drainage

Generally both of the soil types on site are low in nutrients and organic matter and are mildly

site conditons

readily hold water and would require amendment in order to capture water in swales or ponds.

Approximate Soil Test Location Outdoor Water Movement Interior Water Movement

7 /23

Legal Constraints

within the

include the conservation restrictions of the various legal

5-acre parcel on Main Campus

parcels that make up the entirety of the farm, the zoning by-laws as set by the Edgartown Planning Board, and the

SPRING 2016

5-acre parcel

which design solutions are possible. These constraints

HELMI HUNIN &

Limited to the

The various legal restrictions on Katama Farm constrain

MAX MADALINSKI

Buildings

wastewater regulations as determined by the Edgartown

50ft front setback

Restriction in perpetuity. The farm is broken down into several different legal parcels and each contain different types of restrictions.

159-

The 162-acre pasture south of Aero Avenue was purchased with the help

limited to agriculture and passive recreation

of state funds and carries different restrictions from the northern sections of the site. The 1979 management plan for this pasture contains a SelfHelp Program Agreement which limits activities to agriculture and passive recreation. The scope of this 2016 Master Plan is limited to the 9.5-acre Main

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Institute. The entire 190.5 acres of Katama Farm is under Conservation

EDGARTOWN, MA

Katama Farm is owned by the town of Edgartown and is leased to the FARM

THE FARM INSTITUTE

Conservation Restriction

PREPARED FOR:

25ft rear & side setbacks

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

Board of Health.

80 Feet

The main campus comprises three different legal parcels: a 5-acre parcel (north of Aero Avenue) where all of the buildings and barns are located; a 1.5acre section of the parcel on the west; and 3 acres consisting of experimental plots and the community garden south of Aero Avenue. The lease contains a “Land Use Plan” which limits buildings to the 5-acre plot within the main campus. The designs in this Master Plan are therefore limited to these 5

Septic System Permitting and Wastewater Alternatives

acres for siting the structures that are outlined in the goals (see sheet 1).

Katama Plain area can have a septic system sized for more than 4 bedrooms.

For the FARM Institute to build a septic system large enough to handle the

Kitchen Expansion

wastewater from 80 seasonal overnight guests, the Town would have to

The FARM Institute’s current septic system and leach field are sized to handle

agree to subdivide the farm’s parcels to allow for this septic expansion, which

the wastewater from 35 day-campers and 2 full-time residents. A phone

could be seen as setting a negative precedent for future development in the

Katama Farm is located within the R60 residential district of Edgartown,

conversation with a representative from the Edgartown Board of Health

area and would require careful consideration by the Town.

carrying specific setback bylaws. Any structures and parking must be 50

indicated that building a large kitchen and dining facility for up to 80 people

feet from the front and 25 feet from the side and rear. Due to the property’s

onto the Visitor Center would require permitting and upgrading of the current

Recommendation

agricultural status, there may be a possiblility of agricultural exemption for

wastewater system or construction of an alternative treatment system.

Because of the complicated legal and permitting requirements for

Zoning

these restrictions. Temporary structures do not fall under the same setback

expanding the farm’s current septic system, the Board of Health’s

regulations as permanent buildings, but certain types of platforms may. This

Bunkhouses

representative recommended pursuing demonstration alternative waste

document will be observing the residential district legal setbacks as a design

During the same phone conversation, the representative stated that

treatment systems such as composting toilets and greywater infiltration

constraint.

according to a zoning law passed in Edgartown in 1987 no parcel in the

systems.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

legal constraints

pasture south of Aero Avenue.

site conditons

Campus, and the plan will not present any design solutions for the 162-acre

8 /23

Muddy livestock paddocks provide interesting views only when

Negative View into Compost Pen

livestock are in them. Scrap in the “Back 40” creates a negative view.

The absence of large trees to the south and west allows visitors to watch the farm’s livestock

SPRING 2016

HELMI HUNIN &

The farm has expansive views of pastures to the south and west.

MAX MADALINSKI

Views

ranging throughout the fields and allows staff to easily monitor the livestock. If anything is amiss, staff can usually see the various herds from their offices within the Visitor Center and

Looking out across the southern pasture, the nearest trees are just visible along the horizon.

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EDGARTOWN, MA

ws l Vie ona tock s a Se lives into docks a p d

THE FARM INSTITUTE

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

w Co n r Ba

PREPARED FOR:

react accordingly.

Negative Views into “Back 40”

During the winter and early spring, visitors enjoy observing a variety of livestock in paddocks to the west of the cow barn. However, once the livestock head back out to the fields in the late spring and summer, they leave behind a muddy and rutted space. Furthermore, the large

A

Livestock in the paddocks create muddy ruts. The large compost piles are visible in the background.

Vie

The messy “Back 40” is considered by staff to be an eyesore.

The “Back 40,” where the farm stores piles of old building materials, working and broken farm

ws of Pa

e stur

s

implements, and a wide variety of scrap materials that might be useful for a working farm, is largely considered an eyesore for visitors and several neighboring homes can see over the

0

vegetation into this space.

Shade areas or bunkhouses sited on the main campus could be placed to emphasize the

Kitchen Expansion

Visitor Center

expansive southern and western views. However, depending on their construction and exact

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

6” contour interval Positive View

Negative View

the main campus, preventing staff and guests from observing the livestock. If bunkhouses

provide privacy from neighboring homes and/or to improve aesthetics for guests.

80 Feet

Views towards western Pastures

placement, they could block a portion of the views from the southern and western edges of

or shade areas are placed within sight of negative views, they will need to be screened to

40

views

apparent once there are no livestock left to distract the viewer.

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site conditons

itor Vis ter n Ce

piles of compost in the triangular pen just to the north of the cow barn become even more

Section A-A’

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farm road

Section A-A’

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No Sense of Arrival

Vehicular Congestion

In addition to the 60+ visiting and staff vehicles that come through the site during the busy season, the farm also has numerous tractors, ATVs, and trucks that drive through the main campus. Farm staff also need to be able to get personal vehicles through to the staff parking area, to the Visitor Center for loading and unloading office supplies, and occasionally to the Visitor Center’s bulkhead to load and unload meat stored in a walk-in freezer in the basement.

There are two choke points on site where farm vehicles and staff/visiting vehicles do not have adequate space for two-way traffic (where the farm access road meets the parking lot and between the Cow Barn and Katama Barn). This creates additional confusion for visitors who may have already incorrectly pulled through into this space and interrupts the working flow of the farm.

Pastures

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ous

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p shi nd n e i r F arde G

le op Pe ture s Pa

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Visitor Parking Lot

Pastures

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Unsafe for Pedestrians

The main campus has two main safe zones where guests on foot do not have to compete with vehicular traffic. These are located to the west in the area around the greenhouse and next to the western pastures and livestock paddocks, in the southeast surrounding the visitor center, and throughout the People Pasture and Friendship Garden. The current vehicular patterns on site effectively bisect these two zones and create areas that are unsafe for pedestrians, particularly in the space immediately west of the Katama Barn. Additionally, a farm access road between the Friendship Garden and People Pasture separates these two spaces, though the farm plans to close off this road in the near future.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

40

80 Feet

6” contour interval

KEY

Parking Area

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EDGARTOWN, MA

THE FARM INSTITUTE

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circulation

Visitors frequently park in front of the main sign despite the no-parking signs.

When guests do park in the visitors parking lot, after stepping out of their vehicle it can be confusing to figure out where they are supposed to go. The farm would like the guests to check in at either the seasonal farm stand or the Visitor Center for safety and liability reasons.

However, the main entrance for the Visitor Center faces away from the parking lot and the road, so guests may not realize how to enter the building. Guests are also free to walk in any direction once they step out of their vehicle as there are no barriers that prevent guests from accessing any of the buildings on the main campus or from bypassing the two check-in points.

a am Kat rn a B

rm Fa d n Sta

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Logs are meant to mark diagonal parking spaces.

cks

do

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Unwanted Visitor Parking

Bulkhead Entrance

Choke Point

Farm Access Road

Check-in point

Pedestrian Safe Zone

access

ock

est Liv

Staff Parking

site conditons

w Co n r Ba

PREPARED FOR:

Pastures

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

Visitors can pull into the visitor parking lot using one of four possible entrances. There are no signs directing guests toward entrances or exits and though there are logs placed on diagonals to indicate diagonal parking spaces, guests frequently do not park on a diagonal.

If the parking lot is full, visitors frequently drive through the farm’s access road and park just south of livestock paddocks west of the Cow Barn, northwest of the Visitor Center or somewhere in the Back 40 and staff parking area, despite the “staff only” signs that staff place between the parking lot and the farm’s access road. Despite the no-parking signs, guests also frequently parallel park in a grassy pedestrian zone immediately east of the visitor parking area, creating ruts, preventing pedestrians from being able to easily walk through the space, and blocking the view of the main welcome sign on site that contains a map of the premises.

SPRING 2016

Friendship Garden

HELMI HUNIN &

Pedestrian safe zones are separated by vehicular traffic.

Intermingling of numerous traffic flows creates confusion and safety concerns, and affect the functioning of the farm.

Visitor Parking

Visitor Center entrance faces away from parking lot and road People Pasture

MAX MADALINSKI

Access & Circulation

unwanted parallel parking

10 /23

Summary Analysis

BA

creates unsafe choke points of competing pedestrian are exposed to the elements on this very flat, windy

RN

AL S IM AN OCK DD PA

and vehicular uses. Visitors, campers, students and staff

SPRING 2016

SCRAP YARD

W CO

agricultural and educational functions. The overlap

HELMI HUNIN &

The FARM Institute’s main campus is a site of overlapping

MAX MADALINSKI

A

and sunny site. The only respite from the wind is the northeast corner, which is partially enclosed by the only

An animal zone

Y NIT MU EN M CO ARD G

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•

EDGARTOWN, MA

Zones of vehicular flow

THE FARM INSTITUTE

•

G

Pedestrian safe zones

KIN

•

R PA

The main campus has three zones of use:

A

E AV

PREPARED FOR:

VISITOR CENTER

LE OP PE TURE S PA

Zones of Use

O ER

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

MA TA KA RN A B

HIP DS N IEN FR ARDE G

dense vegetation on site.

The pedestrian safe zones are areas where most visitor and educational activity takes place and where vehicular traffic does not intrude. The vehicular

A

flow fragments these people zones. Arrival at the Welcome Center (consisting

0

The animal zone on the main campus is concentrated in the north in a paddock west of the Cow Barn. The muddy pasture within the animal zone is the only wet spot on site, with no vegetation or infrastructure to absorb the water.

KEY Views, Site Use, & Microclimates Views to the north of the main campus are generally negative, with the messy

100ft

N

200ft

Pedestrian safe zone

Negative view

Dense Vegetation

Vehicular flow zone

Positive view

Sun

Animal zone

Wet spot

Wind

Choke point

Wind buffered

scrap yard in the northeast and a wet muddy pasture in the northwest corner.

Both areas are seen by visitors, but are generally only used by staff. The wind buffered area is the only area on the campus with any vegetation to protect people from the strong winds on site. It is currently being used as a scrap

summary analysis

vehicles pass through the same points, creating two choke points.

site conditons

of the Visitor Center and Farm Stand) is unsafe for pedestrians because farm

yard.

Section A- A’

0

50ft

100ft

The main campus is a very sunny and windy place because of its proximity to the ocean, its flatness, and lack of vegetation Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

11 /23

Livestock Systems

pounds and the per year model must be converted down to a monthly basis.

223.8 tons DM/year × 2000 lbs/ton = 447,570 lbs DM/year ÷ 12

Carrying Capacity at the FARM Institute The USDA Soil Survey estimates that the Katama sandy loam (KSL) soils will produce approximately 3.4 tons per acre per year of alfalfa hay, while the Carver loamy sand (CLS) soils will produce approximately 2.0 tons acre year.

These two soil types each constitute approximately the site in half, with approximately 10 more of the farm’s 179 acres in Katama sandy loam. While the dynamics of alfalfa hay and pasture production are not exactly the same, the hay production formula can be used as an estimate for calculating the amount of DM available in the pastures.

(99.5 acres KSL x 3.4 tons of hay/acre/year) + (79.5 acres CLS x 2.0 tonsof hay/acre/year) = 497.3 tons/year However, the University of Idaho Extension Office’s Pasture Principles for Smaller Acreages, recommends using a “take half, leave half” approach, where only half of the available dry matter (DM) is harvested from a pasture to ensure that the forage can recover and continue to be harvested sustainably.

Furthermore, hay is only approximately 90% dry matter as there is still some remaining moisture.

497.3 tons of hay/year ÷ 2 for the “take half, leave half” approach = 248.7 tons/year × 90% DM content of hay = 223.8 tons DM/year To get back to the AUM model, this tonnage must be converted back into Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

.5 AUM/calf, half that of a cow

0

.2 AUM/sheep .1 AUM/lamb, half that of a sheep

500 Feet

Of the farm’s 179 acres of pasture, approximately 79.5 are constituted of Carver Loamy Sand and 99.5 are constituted of Katama Sandy Loam.

60 cows x 1 AUM/cow = 60 AUM 65 ewes x .2 AUM/full-grown sheep = 13 AUM

Katama Sandy Loam

SPRING 2016

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1 AUM/100-lb cow

EDGARTOWN, MA

The carrying capacity of a given pasture refers to the number of animals that can graze those pastures for a period of time (also known as the stocking rate) while maintaining or improving the pasture’s plant, soil, and water resources. The Animal Unit Month (AUM) is a commonly used concept that standardizes the stocking rate and makes it easier to understand and approximate a pasture’s carrying capacity. One AUM is the amount of dry matter (DM, the non-water portion of a plant’s mass that contains the carbohydrates, proteins, nutrients, etc.) that a 1,000-lb lactating cow will consume over the course of one month (commonly 780 pounds of DM per month). Other animals are expressed as a decimal of this unit based on how much dry matter they consume in a month in comparison to a lactating cow.

(Hart, Brooks. and Church 9)

Currently, the Farm Institute raises approximately 60 cows with weights between 800 and 1500 pounds, 65 ewes, and 55 lambs throughout the year according to the farm’s education director. According to Pasture Principles for Smaller Acreages the following conversions can be applied to calculate the farm’s current AUM: THE FARM INSTITUTE

Carrying Capacity, Animal Unit Months, and Dry Matter

AUMs

Carver Loamy Sand

55 lambs x .1 AUM/lamb = 5.5 AUM 60 + 13 + 5.5 AUM = 78.5 AUM Total These rudimentary calculations suggest that the farm’s pastures would be overstocked if the farm was attempting to get all of its animals’ DM solely from its pastures. Following are several simple stocking rates given the approximately 48 AUM the farm could stock without importing any hay.

Cow-Calf Pairs (Each cow raises one calf): 48 AUM ÷ .75 AUM average for cow-calf pairs = 64 total 64 total ÷ 2/pair = 32 cow-calf pairs One ewe (female sheep) raises two lambs: 48 AUM ÷ .13 AUM average for 1 sheep and two lambs = 369 total 369 total × one-third ewes = 121 ewes 369 total × two-thirds lambs = 243 lambs

Mission and Sustainability

Even split of cows and sheep:

While the 120 tons of hay that the farm currently imports each year covers the deficit between the maximum production of the farm and its current stocking rate, the importation of hay does not meet the FARM Institute or TTOR’s mission of promoting sustainable agriculture as discussed earlier (see Climate Change, sheet 5). If the farm looks to reduce the amount of hay that it imports in accordance with its stated mission, then it would follow that the amount of livestock being kept on site would also need to be reduced, which could affect the requisite space and access requirements on the farm’s main campus.

24 AUM ÷ .75 AUM average for cow-calf pairs = 32 total cows 24 AUM ÷ . 13 AUM average for 1 sheep and two lambs = 185 total sheep 32 total cows ÷ 2/pair = 16 cow-calf pairs 185 total sheep × one-third ewes = 61 ewes 185 total sheep × two-thirds lambs = 123 lambs

livestock systems

to pursue a more sustainable future.

37,298r lbs DM/month ÷ 780 lbs DM/month/AUM = approximately 48

PREPARED FOR:

grow. Stocking rates should be reduced if the farm wishes

suitability studies

without damaging the ability of the farm’s pastures to

HELMI HUNIN &

to the importation of hay to keep the livestock well fed

This can be used to calculate the estimated AUM’s the FARM Institute can sustainably carry without importing additional feed in a given year.

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

Current stocking rates at the Farm Institute contribute

MAX MADALINSKI

months/year = 37,298 lbs DM/month

12 /23

Human and Animal Manure

Martha’s Vineyard currently imports over 99% of its electricity from off island, mostly generated from fossil

Heat Fertilizer Electricity

fuels that both contribute to climate change and leave the island vulnerable to market fluctuations. At the FARM Institute, closing the energy loop by using solar, wind, or biogas would build resiliency into the organization and

Solar carports provide shade while generating energy.

SPRING 2016

Food waste

Outputs

HELMI HUNIN &

Methane Digester

MAX MADALINSKI

Renewable Energy

Inputs

A methane digester could provide fuel while recycling waste into fertilizer at TFI.

reduce fossil-fuel energy consumed on the island.

to get to its destination. The price being paid is not just financial, but also

14 AERO AVE

costs are among the highest in the country because of the distance it travels

EDGARTOWN, MA

since more than 99% of its energy is produced off island. The island’s energy

THE FARM INSTITUTE

The Farm institute

2005 was more than $64 million. This is money that leaves the local economy

PREPARED FOR:

According to the Martha’s Vineyards Commission, the island’s energy bill for

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

The Real Cost of Fossil Fuel Dependence

environmental. The principle source of the electricity arriving to the island is derived from burning fossil fuels which produces carbon dioxide that is

The FARM Institute relies on the Eversource company to provide its electricity.

Eversource operates four 23.2-kilovolt submarine cables that originate in Falmouth and travel 4.5 miles (and 23 to 30 feet under Nantucket Sound) to Vineyard Haven. The company also runs supplemental generators during the summer to meet increased demand. Along with increased energy demand, the failure of the cable multiple times in recent years has necessitated the laying of an additional cable, which is currently underway.

Solar Farm vs. Solar Carport The climate on Martha’s Vineyard and the lack of shading vegetation across the farm allows ample sun for generating power from solar panels at the FARM Institute. However, solar panels placed on valuable farm pastures, such as the 6-acre solar farm in the northwest corner of Katama Farm, can reduce the amount of land available for making hay. When a solar carport is constructed, it is both a parking lot and an energy farm. The parking lot at TFI is large enough to house solar carports that could produce 165 KWH of electricity. Carports could also provide much needed shade at the FARM Institute.

Aerial view of the 6-acre solar farm at Katama Farm

Community-scale turbines could generate power for TFI and Martha’s Vineyard.

Nutrient Cycling and Energy Production with Methane

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory ranks TFI as a good site for community-scale wind power. potential for managing food waste on the Island. As the fiscal sponsor for the project, the FARM Institute is managing the $70,500 grant to fund the

A methane digester consists of several components that can work in

study, which began in March of 2016. Food waste from around the island

concert to provide heat and electricity from food waste, humanure, and

processed in a methane digester at the FARM Institute could generate power

livestock manure. By locking waste products and water into an oxygen-free

for the island, contribute valuable nutrients to the farm’s nutrient-poor soils,

environment, baceria that thrive in these conditions begin to break down the

and would be in line with the farm’s role as fiscal sponsor for the food-waste

waste while releasing methane gas as a by-product. The gas is then captured

management study.

and stored in containers from which it can either be burned to generate heat in a conventional heating system or within a generator to create electricity.

Wind Power Potential

Waste fed into the system also becomes broken down into a nutrient-rich slurry, which can be spread on farm fields as fertilizer or composted further to

Windspeed mapping by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

kill any remaining pathogens. Composting toilets with urine diverters could be

ranks the FARM Institute as a good site for community-scale wind power

paired with a methane digester to convert livestock manure, human waste,

generation. This ranking, produced in 2007, was based on the potential for

and food waste into electricity and heat at TFI.

community-scale power generation using wind turbines with a 50 to 60m hub-height. All rankings below good were considered inadequate. However,

Nearly all trash on Martha’s Vineyard is shipped away for processing.

the NREL website states that advancements in wind turbine technology

Concerns about waste is growing along with the population. A comprehensive

which allow for harnessing power from lower windspeeds (using shorter 30m

study, funded by the Martha’s Vineyard Vision Fellowship, is examining the

turbines) increases the power generation potential of all classes shown within their original map.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

renewable energy

Energy)

suitability studies

contributing to rapid climate change. (Martha’s Vineyard Commission website,

13 /23

Agriculture

particular. Clear Pathways focuses on improving access

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

Education

and circulation, People Pasture focuses on a variety of structures to support programming, while Resilient Farm

SPRING 2016

goals of the program, with each one emphasizing one in

HELMI HUNIN &

These design alternatives all aim to address the three

MAX MADALINSKI

Design Alternatives

addresses how TFI can work towards a resilient future.

activity areas by excluding vehicles from the Katama Barn and Visitor Center.

energy by closing the nutrient cycle with a productive wetland, producing

the site, which remains a farm and utility zone, removing the problem of the

The scrap yard is reclaimed to provide housing for residential programming,

enough electricity with solar carports to feed into the island’s grid, and

choke points and creating a safe pedestrian zone that is free of vehicles.

enclosed by native vegetation.

collecting rainwater from all building rooftops for agricultural purposes.

RDEN

RAINGA

EASTERN ACCESS ROAD

PAVILION

NEW ACCESS ROAD

Pros: •

YURT

SHADED DINING

New access road resolves two problematic choke points by separating

Pros: •

farm traffic from visitor traffic.

•

Clear main entry is adjacent to parking lot, enhancing the sense of arrival

•

on west side of kitchen expansion.

•

WELCOME PAVILION

Pros:

New shade and bunk facilities enclose a greatly expanded people zone

•

Choke points are resolved through addition of eastern access road.

(or “paddock”), creating safety for pedestrians.

•

Productive raingarden captures runoff water and nutrients in old winter

Many areas maintain their current function (such as the Friendship Garden and hoop house).

cow paddock, turning it into fodder for livestock.

•

Bunkhouse area sited to allow for overflow parking and machine area in Back 40.

paddocks.

Cons: •

Cons: •

Construction of access road requires relocation of south end of Cow Barn.

•

Drainage issue in winter cow paddock is not resolved.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Back 40 maintains current functions and has additional animal

•

Some buildings lose certain functions due to loss of vehicular access

Cons:

(Friendship Garden, Katama Barn, Visitor Center).

•

Friendship Garden shrinks due to access road.

Back 40 no longer serves as overflow parking.

•

Solar carport may obstruct view of the pasture from the Visitor Center.

14 AERO AVE

access road to the west of the main campus leads to the northern half of

EDGARTOWN, MA

The FARM Institute is a leader in regenerative agriculture and renewable THE FARM INSTITUTE

An expanded pedestrian-only zone encompasses the main educational

design alternatives

An enlarged and revised parking area creates a clear landling for visitors. An

PREPARED FOR:

Resilient Farm

design development

People Pasture

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

Clear Pathways

14 /23

shade structures and bunkhouses for residential guests, and provides edible food and fodder, while enhancing the farm’s resiliency and increasing its ecological function.

Section A- A’

1

0

Silos 10 20 Feet

Crossroads Pavillion

New Farm Store and Pergola

Bus Pull-in

SPRING 2016

The preferred design clarifies arrival and circulation, locates multi-purpose

HELMI HUNIN &

Movable rope controls traffic

Katama Barn

MAX MADALINSKI

Preferred Design

A Clarified Entrance Experience Oyster shell paths cue visitors where to walk from the parking lot toward the Farm Store (west of the Visitor Center’s educational kitchen expansion) where they sign in, pick up farm products,

A new two-way seasonal road, starting just to the west of the parking lot, wraps around the north side of the Cow Barn to a free-form farm storage and utility zone and staff/overflow

4

parking area. (see Site Design Details, sheet 16)

3

Shade Structures Two solar carports harness energy for use on site and to feed into the island grid, while

Bathouse, Greywater and Pollinator Gardens

sheltering vehicles and a picnic area from the hot summer sun. A pergola extends from the front of the Visitor Center Farm Store, wrapping around to the deck south of the kitchen expansion where there are tables for outdoor dining. The School Welcome Pavillion and Crossroads

6

Classroom Pavillion are spaces for mixed-use programming. An arbor provides a shaded space for outdoor education and farm -to-table dinner events, defining the north end of the Friendship

Productive Raingarden, RDG Food Forest, and PYO Berry Patch

3

Katama Barn Dormitory

Yurt Circle & Katama Hayloft Dormitory

3

Five 20-foot-diameter yurts, arranged in a semi-circle in an eastern corner of the main campus,

protection (see Landscape Design Details sheet 17).

New Acceess Road

3 2

Architectural Design Details sheet. 18), which when combined with the yurts accomodates the

4

New Farm Store

2

The eastern half of the Katama Barn hay-loft accomodates an additional 40 guests (see

Arbor

Crossroads Pavilion

1

house up to 40 guests during the farm’s residential programming (see Architectural Design Details sheet 18) . Pine barren vegetation wraps around the area, providing privacy and wind

5

A

Garden with views into the pollinator gardens.

4

Yurt Circle

Visitor Center Pergola

Expanded Parking

3

Welcome Pavillion

80 guests that visit the farm during the residential program.

5

Bath House, Greywater System, & Pollinator Garden

Bus Pull-in

The zero-net energy and water bath house closes both the energy and water loop. Solar hot water panels heat the well water for the showers and sinks, and a filtration system processes the greywater to irrigate the adjacent pollinator and fruit tree gardens, and recharge the aquifer.

6

1

Food Forest & Productive Rain Garden The forest garden designed by Regenerative Design Group extends northward into a productive raingarden (see Landscape Design Details sheet 17) and a 0.16-acre pick-your-own berry patch to the south, which together will provide edible fruit for people and fodder for livestock.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Solar Carports

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Free-form Farm-Zone

EDGARTOWN, MA

2

The parking lot expands to accomodate 37 cars, including two universally accessible spaces.

3 A’

3 An arbor bearing vines defines the northern edge of the Friendship Garden.

0

40

80 Feet

preferred design

Access and Circulation Reconfigured

design development

2

Staff/Overflow Parking(see Site Design Details, sheet 16)

THE FARM INSTITUTE

2

adjacent to the People Pasture.

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

Visitor Center lets children out onto a safe path that leads to the school welcome pavillion

PREPARED FOR:

and learn about TFI’s programs and self-guided tours. A school-bus-only pull-in south of the

15 /23

Site Design Details

ps Ho se u o H

90° parking spaces with two-way (26 and 28-feet-wide) aisles between them, allowing traffic to enter and exit in either direction.

ock

dd

Pa

e

ous

access for a fire-truck, the road has a 50-foot-wide turning radius and passes

of the Katama Barn and the Visitor Center bulkhead.

Parking

cce

and Katama Barn regulates access for tractors and trucks to the western half

Welcome Pavilion

wA

fenceline to allow for the wide turning radius. A gate between the Cow Barn

Ne

through four new 20-foot-wide gates, the first of which requires reshaping the

t

ss

ee 8f

ad

temporary plastic or wooden stakes designates parking for 30 staff vehicles.

Ro

Within the free-form farm storage and utility zone, rope strung between

A’

Plastic or Wooden Stakes

e

p t ro

igh

twe

en Av o er

A

A 20

y nit mu n m Co arde G

Rope Tie

t

fee

50 t fee

0 The staff parking lot can be quickly modified or removed as it is only marked with temporary posts and rope.

Rainwater harvested from the solar carports fills animal watering troughs.

Section A- A’ 0

20 Feet

New Access Road (20-feet)

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Rope Tie

Solar Carports

ue

h Lig

s Bu off po r D

Two-way aisle (28-feet)

Two-way aisle (26-feet)

14 AERO AVE

wide access road during the busy summer season. To maintain emergency

People Pasture

EDGARTOWN, MA

Visitor Center

THE FARM INSTITUTE

Staff, utility, and overflow guest vehicles travel freely on the new 20-foot-

40

80 Feet

site design details

n r-Ow -You Pick y Patch Berr

PREPARED FOR:

Crossroads Pavilion

design development

enh

Gre

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

t cre Se den r Ga

New Access Road

Katama Barn

New gate regulates access

SPRING 2016

s

Silo

Within the new parking lot, 8-foot-long logs placed as parking stops designate

HELMI HUNIN &

Cistern

Parking Lot Expansion

MAX MADALINSKI

Cow Barn

16 /23

Pollinator Garden

Yurt Circle

Section B-B'

A windbreak located 80' to the west of the parking lot shelters visitors picnicking under the solar panels from the strong winds. According to Windbreak Benefits and Design, a windbreak can reduce windspeeds up to 30 times their height downwind (Kuhns 2). A row of eastern redcedars (Juniperus virginiana) on the westernmost side spaced tightly at 10' on center, bears the brunt of the wind, followed by a row of post oak (Quercus stellata) or burr oak (Quercus macrocarpa) spaced 20' downwind and 20' on center, which adds additional height to the windbreak, extending the distance over which the windbreak provides protection.

Productive Rain Garden

hip ds en Fri rden Ga

Hoop House & Food Forest

Livestock would need to be fenced out of the windbreak until it becomes well established. By incorporating shrubs with edible fruit such as serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.), beach plum (Prunus maritima), huckleberry (Gaylussacia spp.), and/or lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), the farm could harvest fruit from the windbreak while waiting for the trees to mature. Once the trees are established, the fencing can be removed and livestock allowed to graze the native grasses and edible shrubs (which will be nearing the end of their productive lifespan), take shade under the canopy of the oaks, and consume fallen acorns as a supplemental feed.

Fast-GrowingWater-Tolerant Grasses and Forbs

Edible Fruit Trees and Shrubs

A

0

50

100 Feet

0 10 feet

Productive Rain Garden

The wet and nutrient-laden former cow-paddock to the west of the Cow Barn now grows a mixture of fast-growing and water-tolerant fodder grasses and forbs with edible fruit trees and shrubs around its edges. The farm periodically harvests the grasses and forbs as hay for the winter, while the edible fruit are picked by staff and guests as they meander around the winding oyster shell path that encloses the garden. A 14-by-7-foot oyster shell landing provides space for up to 10 adults or 25 children to watch sheep in their paddock during the farm’s Sheep-a-Palooza event in the early spring.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

20 feet

20 feet

Portable Livestock Fence

Grass and short shrubs provide protection for young trees while the windbreak becomes established. Portable livestock fence prevents stock from damaging young trees, but can be removed to allow livestock to harvest acorns and graze once the trees reach maturity.

Section A-A'

Yurt Circle

A path circles through the northeast corner of the main campus where five yurts on platforms provide half of the total housing for residential programming at TFI. Assisting the succession of native pine/oak barrens shields the bunkhouse area from the strong winds on site, creating a comfortable and secluded space. The groundcover of native grasses and shrubs creates visual interest and provides habitat for rare species, while the mature barrens will yield even more habitat and mast.

25 ft

Pollinator Garden

North of the edible arbor in the Friendship Garden a few beds of pollinator gardens block negative views into the scrap yard (in the north), and views into the bunk area (in the northeast). The garden will attract beneficial insects to pollinate the fruit trees in the adjacent greywater garden and the vegetables in the adjacent Friendship Garden. A mix of native species along with other plants that are well-suited to the soil and windy, salty microclimate at the Farm Institute are chosen.

landscape design details

A'

design development

Visitor Center

Food Forest

14 AERO AVE

Oyster shell landing

EDGARTOWN, MA

B

Cow Barn

THE FARM INSTITUTE

Yurt Circle

PREPARED FOR:

Pollinator Gardens

Edible Fruit Trees and Shrubs

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

B'

The windbreak can be established by mimicking the progression of natural communities near Katama Farm, beginning with planting tall native grasses and shrubs on the windward side to offer protection to the young trees as they mature.

Increasing the height of a windbreak can increase the distance it will protect. This diagram from Windbreak Benefits and Design shows the relationship between tree height and distance.

SPRING 2016

Bath House

HELMI HUNIN &

Greywater Garden

Windbreak

MAX MADALINSKI

Landscape Design Details

17 /23

Skylight HELMI HUNIN &

Top Cover Roof Ring Rafters

SPRING 2016

Dome Skylight

Sprinklers

MAX MADALINSKI

Architectural Design Details

Smoke Alarms and CO Detectors

Tension Cable Window Side Cover

New Farm Store and Main Entrance

Door and Frame

main entrance, creating an outdoor space for selling produce. The pergola then curves around the southwestern corner of the farm store and widens to

A Platform Deck Platform Subframe

14 AERO AVE

to the universally accessible entrance. A 6-foot-deep pergola shades the

Lattice Wall

Staircases

E

EDGARTOWN, MA

of their cars. The landing on the west side of the store slopes upward at 2%

Section A- A’ NTS

THE FARM INSTITUTE

entrance faces the parking lot and is easily visible to guests as they step out

PREPARED FOR:

kitchen expansion, becomes the main entrance for the Visitor Center. The

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

A new 14-by-36-foot Farm Store, constructed on the western side of the

chairs could be placed just south of the deck on a patch of lawn that is buffered from the bus pull-in by a 3-foot-wide-strip of native grasses.

Cedar-post foundations driven in below the 48” frost line will last a long time and elevate the yurt above ground level.

Inside the Farm Store, a universally-accessible ramp provides access to the kitchen expansion directly from the Farm Store.

Yurts

Pergola

Farm Store

A’

Yurts can provide shelter for seasonal housing at the FARM Institute, as an alternative to a more traditional camp platform tent or cabin. They are easily

0

25 ft

assembled, very solid, durable, and can withstand up to 120 mile/hour winds,

2% Slope

which fits well with its programming needs and the site’s windy microclimate.

Katama Barn

Purchasing a commercially produced yurt is not the only option for TFI.

Farm Store

Kitchen Expansion

rkin

Pa

The approximately 45-by-40-foot loft in the western half of the Katama Barn

can significantly reduce the cost, while creating an educational opportunity,

is converted into dormitory housing large enough for 40 people. Skylights on

that could also help to finance the project.

both the northern and southern faces of the roof allow sunlight to enter the dorm rooms.

Ramp Up

ot gL

Building them in-house (for example through hosting a design/build workshop)

Yurt Foundations The loft requires two staircases and fire and carbon monoxide alarms to meet

Deck

Grass Buffer Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

A simple platform design with driven cedar posts can serve as the yurt’s

Massachusetts code requirements. In addition, it may require a sprinkler

foundation and eliminate the need for grading the land. Cedar posts are rot

system and fire walls, and the FARM Institute should consult with the local

resistant and purchasing products from nearby would help to strengthen the

building inspector prior to its construction. Because of the building’s historical

local economy. An auger connected to a tractor is used to dig the post holes

nature, additional permitting may be required before the building can be

below the frost line of 48 inches.

converted into living space.

details

A deconstructed yurt (based on a design by Taz Squire and David Cain at the Yestermorrow Design/Build School) demonstrates the simplicity of this seasonal housing structure.

space for guests to easily enter and exit the building. Additional tables and

architectural design

can provide shade for 24 diners with tables and chairs, while still allowing

design development

cover a 14-by-30-foot deck to the south of of the kitchen expansion. The deck

18 /23

Gutter From South side of Katama Barn

water used on site can help make the FARM institute

Inlet

Manhole

resilient in the face of extreme weather patterns that

Overflow 14 Feet

come with climate change.

SPRING 2016

Reducing water use, capturing rainwater, and recycling

Gutter From North Side of Katama Barn

HELMI HUNIN &

Solar Panel

MAX MADALINSKI

Plumbing Design Details I

12 Feet

Cistern A 4,000-gallon cistern located adjacent to the southeastern corner of the Katama Barn captures, via gutters, all of the rainwater that falls onto the

the tank and exits either via a solar-powered submersible pump that feeds a main irrigation line along the northern edge of the Friendship Garden, or via an overflow at the top of the tank, which directs water into a 5-by-60-by-

14 AERO AVE

access and clean the tank. Water enters via an inlet on the northern side of

EDGARTOWN, MA

Cleanout Drain

tall at its highest point, the manhole cover, which can be used to periodically

THE FARM INSTITUTE

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

Garden during dry-spells. The cistern measures 8 feet in diameter and 10 feet

PREPARED FOR:

Outlet to Friendship Garden

building and provides a two-week supply of water for irrigating the Friendship

1.5-foot rain garden designed to absorb the rainfall from a 2� rain storm if the Cistern Detail

A Cistern Detail

Solar Panel

A 10-by-10-by-12-foot shed, with walls on its west and south sides, covers

0

5 feet

Gutter From North side of Katama Barn

the cistern and protects it from snow and sunlight. While not necessary for irrigation, shading the cistern will keep the water cool and slow the growth of algae, allowing the water to be used by livestock. A small solar-panel on top of the shed powers the submersible pump when irrigation is needed most on Gutter on South Side of Katama Barn

hot sunny days.

Inlet

Overflow

Manhole

Katama Barn

Irr rip

G to ine g ation L

ar

d

Power Line From Solar panel

en

Outlet to Friendship Garden

i

D

B A Cistern

Submersible Pump

Shed Rain Garden for Overflow

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Underground Drip Irrigation Line to Friendship Garden

Cleanout Drain

B

Cistern Detail

0

5 feet

plumbing design details i

22, for more information).

design development

tank is completely full (see the tables on Water Capture Calculations, sheet

19 /23

and greywater systems can help the FARM Institute adapt to climate change while also providing a valuable opportunity to educate about these processes. Recycling

HELMI HUNIN &

Solar hot water panels provide warm water for showering and handwashing.

nutrients can build resilience into TFI by reducing its reliance on external inputs, and by recycling greywater,

Bath House

SPRING 2016

Waste processing methods like composting toilets

MAX MADALINSKI

Plumbing Design Details II

Waterless toilet

TFI will be better suited to handle periods of drought.

Greywater-to-Irrigation System Design

Design Criteria The amount of water used in the Bath House will vary depending on the amount of people using it per day. The maximum number of resident campers at any given time is used to calculate the area needed for infiltration as well as the size of the filters needed.

80 residents x 21 gallons per day / person= 1680 gpd maximum 1,680 gpd x .74 gpd/sf= 1,243 square feet required for infiltration given the soil type on site as determined by a percolation test for the current septic system on the Main Campus.

A battery of 6 Aqua2use commercial filters would be needed to accommodate the maximum greywater load.

Consult with a licensed professional to determine the final design and requirements for the system.

Composting Toilets Almost all of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in our food are excreted in our urine and feces. Through biological processes, these valuable nutrients can be turned into a soil amendment for agricultural purposes.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Finished compost

A waterless composting toilet recycles human waste into a valuable nutrient-rich compost.

14 AERO AVE

Composting waste

EDGARTOWN, MA

Well water is drawn from the aquifer for use in sinks and showers.

THE FARM INSTITUTE

Grey water from sinks and showers travels through a battery of commercial greywater filters for cleaning.

PREPARED FOR:

Subsurface drip irrigation system waters the roots of fruit trees and pollinator garden.

Aquifer

The Bath House’s greywater irrigation system waters the adjacent fruit tree and pollinator gardens through a subsurface drip system.

Composting toilets have two primary components: the toilet and the composting tank. Composting systems also often include a fan and vent pipe to remove any odor. There is typically a drain to remove excess leachate, external mixing tongs, and access doors to empty compost. The waste is collected into the composting tank where it is digested aerobically. A sawdust amendment is added to adjust carbon to nitrogen ratio and increase the porosity of the compost.

There are two major companies that market compost systems to institutions similar to TFI: Clivus Multrum (www.clivusmultrum.com) and Advanced Composting Systems, LLC (www.compostingtoilet.com). Both companies can they can be contacted for on-site consultations.

Urine Diversion Urine can also be collected separately, from urinals or with a diverter, for use as a fertilizer. As a liquid it can be applied to the soil under plants for human consumption in a 1:5 urine to water ratio and can be applied 1:1 to hay fields.

It can also be mixed with dry absorbent sawdust pellets and diatomaceous earth to produce a moist, odorless mixture that can be easily handled, stored, and applied as a soil amendment. This moist mix can be used in seedling trays, in pots with seedlings, and when transplanting or seeding in the ground.

More research is needed, and the final design could be created by collaborating with the team of researchers at the Rich Earth Institute (www. richearthinstitute.org), as well as Hilde Mainegay and Earle Barnhart at the Green Center and New Alchemy Institute. Becoming an experimental site could help TFI to create new learning opportunities.

End Product Usage & Legal Regulations Under the EPA’s sludge rule, 40 CFR part 503, finished compost is a class B material suitable for land disposal in an area with restricted public access (i.e., burying on site). Finished compost must be handled carefully since it can contain some parasites and pathogens. However, it also contains valuable nutrients which can be used by plants. If the compost is pasteurized, (a solar pasteurizer is easy to construct and very effective in sunny areas) it can satisfy EPA Class A requirements and may be applied on site with no restrictions.

Under Massachusetts law (ch176 section 3), composting toilets are allowed for remedial use or new construction of commercial facilities and must obtain approval from the MassDEP Southeast Regional Office. Since a composting toilet is a plumbing fixture, it must also be approved by the Board of Registration of Plumbers and Gas Fitters, and the local board of health.

plumbing design details ii

Using biodegradable cleaning and body products is recommended for the health of the soil and plants being watered with a greywater system.

Regularly clean filters and pumps.

Irrigation water not taken up by tree roots sinks into the earth to recharge the aquifer

Liquid removal system

design development

In the preferred design, the water used in the showers and sinks of the bath house is drawn from the well on site. After use, it travels through a filter and is fed to a subsurface root zone Irrigation system in the pollinator gardens and dwarf fruit tree orchard adjacent to the bath house.

Fan

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

A greywater system is an alternative to conventional septic systems that allows certain types of waste water to be used for irrigation. There are different types of filters that can be used, including a slow sand filter which includes shallow layers of stone, then medium gravel, and then pea gravel covered by a deep layer of sand, and commercial water filters which use activated charcoal, cellulose, or ceramic cartridges.

20 /23

notes island Native, wind tolerant, erosion control

Andropogon virginicus

Broomsedge

grass

borders and foundation

island native, wind tolerant

Carex appalachia

Appalachian Sedge

sedge

groundcover and path border

will not tolerate wetness

Corylus americana

American Hazelnut

large shrub

roadside planting

island native, edible nuts

Eragrostis spectablis

Purple lovegrass

grass

borders and foundation

island native

Juniperus communis

Common Juniper

large shrub

roadside planting

island native, evergreen, wildlife habitat/forage

Hydrangea quercifolia

Oak Leaf Hydrangea

deciduous shrub

foundation

Blooms May-July

Isotrema macrophyllum (Aristolochia macrophylla)

Dutchman’s Pipe

vine

trellis vine

island appropriate

Lonicera sempervirens

Trumpet Honeysuckle

vine

trellis vine

moderate/dry, island appropriate

Parthenosissus quinquefolia

Virginia Creeper

vine

trellis vine

island native

Quercus ilicifolia

Scrub Oak

large shrub

roadside planting

island native, wildlife habitat/forage

Rhus copallinum

Winged Sumac

large shrub

roadside planting

island native, medicinal:tea, wildlife habitat/forage

Schizachyrium scoparium ‘Standing Ovation’

Little Bluestem

grass

vertical accent perennial borders,screen

island native, wind tolerant, upright throughout year

Sorghastrum nutans

Indiangrass

grass

borders and foundation

island native, wind tolerant

Vaccinium macrocarpum

Highbush Blueberry

large shrub

roadside planting

edible fruit, requires acid soil

Viburnum dentatum

Arrowwood Viburnum

large shrub

roadside planting

wildlife habitat/forage

E

function

notes

Bearberry

evergreen shrub

long-lasting fruit for wildlife / medicinal

grows in open canopy cover

Corema conradii

Broom Crowberry

heath

low growing evergreen ground cover

Massachusetts species of special concern (due to rarity)

Gaylussacia baccata

Black Huckleberry

shrub

nectar for insects / wildlife food source

Pinus rigida

Pitch Pine

evergreen tree

habitat for invertebrates / privacy screen

Quercus ilicifolia

Scrub Oak

deciduous tree

wildlife food source / privacy screen

Quercus prinoides

Dwarf Chestnut Oak

deciduous tree

key foodsource for many mammals

Rosa virginiana

Virginia Rose

shrub

nectar for insects

Vaccinium palladium & V. angustifolium

Hillside & Lowbush Blueberry

shrub

nectar for insects / wildlife food source

Viola pedata

Birds Foot Violet

flower

nectar for insects

H

0

40

form

location

notes

Allium tricoccum

Ramps

herbaceous species

Hops House

Amelanchier nantucketensis

Nantucket Shadbush

small tree

Secret Garden

Amelanchier alnifolia

Shadbush

shrub

berry production area

Andropogon gerardii

Big Bluestem

herbaceous species

hedge- north side

Aronia melanocarpa

Black Chokeberry

shrub

berry production area

Comptonia peregrina

Sweet Fern

shrub

hedge- south side

Crambe marítima

Sea kale

herbaceous species

Hops House

Diospyros american

Persimmon

tree

Secret Garden

Gaylussacia baccata

Black Huckleberry

shrub

hedge- south side

Morus alba

White Mulberry

tree

Hops House picnic area

Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum

Giant Solomon Seal

herbaceous species

Hops House

Prunus maritima

Beach Plum

small tree

Secret Garden

cultivar: Nana

Prunus japonica x Prunus jacquemontii

Bush cherry

shrub

hedge- south side

cultivar: Joel

Quercus x bebbiana

Bebbs Oak

large tree

Hops House picnic area

timber and mast

Quercus macrocarpa

Bur Oak

large tree

Hops House picnic area

cultivar: Ashworth

Quercus prinoides

Dwarf Chinkapin Oak

shrub

Secret Garden

Ribes aureum

Golden Currant

shrub

Secret Garden

Ribes odoratum

Clove Currant

shrub

Hops House- interior

Rubus odoratus

Purple-flowering Raspberry

shrub

Secret Garden

Rumex scutatus

French Sorrel

herbaceous species

Hops House

Sorghastrum nutans

Indian Grass

grass

hedge- north side

Vaccinium corymbosum

Highbush Blueberry

shrub

berry production area

Vaccinium pallidum

Hillside Blueberry

small shrub

Secret Garden

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Botanical Name

Common Name

cultivar: Regent

cultivars: Nero, Viking

cultivar: Meader

cultivar: Illinois Everbearing

Rosa virginiana

PRODUCTIVE RAIN GARDEN form

appendix a

Common Name

function

notes

14 AERO AVE

80 ft

FOOD FOREST Botanical Name

EDGARTOWN, MA

form

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

THE FARM INSTITUTE

Common Name

Food Forest

Visitor Center

BUNKHOUSE AREA Botanical Name

Bunkhouse Area

plant palette i

function borders and foundation

SPRING 2016

form grass

PREPARED FOR:

Common Name American beach grass

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

Botanical Name Ammophila breviligulata

HELMI HUNIN &

VISITOR CENTER

MAX MADALINSKI

Plant Palette I

21 /23

shrub

Secret Garden

Clove Currant

shrub

Hops House- interior

Rubus odoratus

Purple-flowering Raspberry

shrub

Secret Garden

Rumex scutatus

French Sorrel

herbaceous species

Hops House

Sorghastrum nutans

Indian Grass

grass

hedge- north side

Vaccinium corymbosum

Highbush Blueberry

shrub

berry production area

Vaccinium pallidum

Hillside Blueberry

small shrub

Secret Garden

PRODUCTIVE RAIN GARDEN Botanical Name

Common Name

form

function

Greywater Gardens

notes

Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’

Feather Reed Grass

grass

livestock fodder

perennial

Carex flaccosperma

Blue Wood Sedge

rush or sedge

livestock fodder

cut back in winter

Carex lupulina

Hop Sedge

grass

livestock fodder

island native

Carex lurida

Sallow Sedge

grass

livestock fodder

island native

Carex stricta

Tussock Sedge

grass

livestock fodder

island native, winter interest

Carex vulpinoidea

Fox Sedge

grass

livestock fodder

island native

Panicum virgatum

Switch Grass

grass

livestock fodder

island native

Salix humilis

Prairie Willow

tree

edge

island native

Pollinator Gardens/ Frienship Tunnel

Productive Raingarden E

Botanical Name

Common Name

form

function

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

WINDBREAK notes

Amelanchier spp.

Serviceberry

shrub

edible fruit, young tree windbreak

Gaylussacia spp.

Huckleberry

shrub

edible fruit, young shrub windbreak

Juniperus virginiana

Eastern Redcedar

tree

prime windbreak tree

island native, wildlife habitat, post poles

Panicum virgatum

Switch Grass

grass

groundcover, young grass windbreak

island native

Prunus maritima

Beach Plum

shrub

edible fruit, young shrub windbreak

Quercus stellata

Post Oak

tree

secondary windbreak tree

island native, wildlife habitat, acorns for livestock forage, post poles

Quercus macrocarpa

Bur Oak

tree

secondary windbreak tree

cultivar: Ashworth, acorns for livestock and humans, valuable timber

Schizachyrium scoparium ‘Standing Ovation’

Little Bluestem

grass

groundcover, young grass windbreak

island native, wind tolerant, upright throughout year

Sorghastrum nutans

Indiangrass

grass

groundcover, young grass windbreak

island native, wind tolerant

Vaccinium angustifolium

Low Bush Blueberry

shrub

edible fruit, young shrub windbreak

Wind Break

H

0

40

14 AERO AVE

Golden Currant

Ribes odoratum

EDGARTOWN, MA

Plant Palette II Ribes aureum

cultivar: Ashworth

THE FARM INSTITUTE

Secret Garden

SPRING 2016

Hops House picnic area

shrub

PREPARED FOR:

large tree

Dwarf Chinkapin Oak

HELMI HUNIN &

Bur Oak

Quercus prinoides

MAX MADALINSKI

Quercus macrocarpa

80 ft

GREYWATER GARDEN & POLLINATOR GARDENS form

function

notes

herbaceous perennial

pollinator garden: butterflies

medicinal roots, flowers, leaves: wound healing, antiseptic

Alnus serrulata

Common Alder

small tree

nitrogen-fixing tree

Wildife, wind-tolerant

Amelanchier spp.

Serviceberry

small tree

edible fruit tree

Many island native cultivars, edible fruit

Asclepias incarnata ‘Ice Ballet’

Swamp Milkweed

herbaceous perennial

Pollinator garden: attracts butterflies

moist soil

Asimina triloba

Pawpaw

small tree

edible fruit tree

edible fruit, fly pollinated, shade tolerant, will need some wind buffer

Baptisia tinctoria

Wild Indigo

herbaceous perennial

pollinator garden: bees, butterflies

dye

Corylus americana

American Hazelnut

large shrub

edible nut tree

Island native, edible nuts

Doellingeria umbellata

Tall White Aster

herbaceous perennial

pollinator garden: bees, butterflies, insects

Echinacea angustifolia

Narrow-leaved Purple Coneflower

herbaceous perennial

pollinator garden: bees

medicinal roots, flowers, leaves: immune boosting

Echinacea purpurea

Purple Coneflower

herbaceous perennial

pollinator garden: bees

medicinal roots, flowers, leaves: immune boosting

Ilex glabra ‘Shamrock’

Inkberry

broadleaf evergreen

screen/shrub border / low hedge

moist soil

Isotrema macrophyllum (Aristolochia macrophylla)

Dutchman’s Pipe

vine

Friendship Tunnel: trellis vine

island appropriate

Juncus tenuis

Poverty Rush

grass

groundcover

island native, pH adaptable, rain gardens, flowers

Lobelia cardinalis

Cardinal Flower

herbaceous perennial

Pollinator garden: butterflies, hummingbirds

moist soil

Lonicera sempervirens

Trumpet Honeysuckle

vine

Friendship Tunnel: trellis vine

moderate/dry, island appropriate

Monarda ‘Petite Delight’

Wild Bergamot

herbaceous perennial

Pollinator garden: borders, pollinators

moist soil

Monarda ‘Gardenview Scarlet’

Bee Balm

herbaceous perennial

Pollinator garden: attracts butterflies

moist soil

Myrica pensylvanica

Northern Bayberry

deciduous shrub

hedge/raingarden/birds/winter interest

blooms in May, needs at least one male to facilitate pollination Island native, edible nuts

Quercus prinoides

Dwarf Chinquapin Oak

small tree

edible nut tree

Rhododendron prinophyllum

Roseshell Azalea

deciduous shrub

attracts hummingbirds/butterflies

Rhododendron maximum

Rosebay Rhododendron

evergreen shrub

ornamental / medicinal / pollinators

heartiest & largest evergreen rhododendron

Sambucus canadensis

Elderberry

large shrub

medicinal berries

edible fruit/flowers

Solidago latisimifolia

Coastal Goldenrod

herbaceous perennial

pollinator garden: butterflies, insects

Sorghastrum nutans

Indiangrass

grass

groundcover

Verbena tiastata

Blue Vervain

herbaceous perennial

pollinator garden: bees

Viburnum trilobum

American Cranberrybush Viburnum

large shrub

edible fruit tree

island native, wind tolerant roots, flowers, leaves: anti-depressive, pain relief, respiratory tart edible fruit for preserves, pH adaptable

Juniperus virginiana

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

plant palette ii

Common Name Yarrow

appendix b

Botanical Name Achillea millefolium

22 /23

in a 4,000 gallon cistern, which would be overfilled by 2” of rain falling on the Katama Barn. Additional Calculations have been included for staff’s reference in the event that more rainwater capture is desired in the future.

Average Rainfall (in) Sourced from WRCC (Edgartown, MA-Climate, 2015)

Total w/new build.

Total w/o

gal/mo 12280.0 4993.5 24635.8 625.4 227.4 151.6 3752.2 9238.4

Total w/new build.

Total w/o

54433.2 41784.4

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

$2000-3000 tank only could be done w/a 4000 gallon tank for around $250-500 less $7,500 appx. w/install, etc

# of 5000 gal tanks for CG and FG

3

$6000-8000 $20,000 appx. w/install, etc

1215.6 ea Monthly need for livestock # of animals

sqft 5184 2108 10400 264 96 64 1584 3900

notes

sqft 5184 2108 10400 264 96 64 1584 3900

notes

TOTAL

55904.4 42913.7

Potential Rain Capture/mo April-October (sqft x 144 sq.in. per sq.ft. x 3.7 in. of rainfall)/231 cu.in. per gallon Building gal/mo K.Barn 11956.9 VC 4862.1 Cow Barn 23987.5 GH gardn. Shed 608.9 N Garden shed 221.4 S Garden Shed 147.6 K+FS Expansion 3653.5 Solar Carports 8995.3

1

60 0 64 55 300 100 2

Type Cows calves Ewes/ram/goats Lambs chickens turkeys pigs

gal/animal/day 25 13 4 2 0.08 0.2 12.5

Total notes 1500 Average consumption calculated from several university extension publications 0 256 110 24 20 25 1935 gal/day 58050 gal/mo

calculations

Potential Rain Capture/mo April-June (sqft x 144 sq.in./sq.ft. x 3.8 in. of rainfall)/231 cu.in./gallon Building K.Barn VC Cow Barn GH gardn. Shed N Garden shed S Garden Shed K+FS Expansion Solar Carports

# of 5000 gal tanks for FG only

14 AERO AVE

14711.7 11293.1

notes

7820 3649 1825 261 30-day month

EDGARTOWN, MA

Total w/new build.

Total w/o

sqft 5184 2108 10400 264 96 64 1584 3900

31,172 14547 7273 1039 30-day month

water capture

Gal 3231.6 1314.1 6483.1 164.6 59.8 39.9 987.4 2431.2

TOTAL per mo. (not including EPs) TOTAL per 2-weeks TOTAL per week TOTALl/day Friendship Garden Only TOTAL per mo.

TOTAL per 2-weeks TOTAL per week TOTALl/day

Gal/mo notes 7820 23,352 44261 may not need to harvest water for this as the whole point is to see what willl work here.

THE FARM INSTITUTE

3.8 3.7

Potential Rain Capture/1" Rain Storm (sqft x 144 sq.in./sq.ft. x 1 in. of rainfall)/231 cu.in./gallon Building K.Barn VC Cow Barn GH gardn. Shed N garden shed S garden Shed K+FS Expansion Solar Carports

Total Acres (Paths removed) 0.072 0.15 1.63

Garden Friendship Garden (FG) Community Garden (CG) Experimental Plots (EPs)

PREPARED FOR:

Avg Rainfall 4.25 3.84 3.19 2.84 4.12 3.61 3.84

THE FARM INSTITUTE MASTER PLAN

Average Rainfall April-June Average Rainfall April-October

Monthly Need for Irrigation

appendix c

Month April May June July August September October

SPRING 2016

3,649 gallons of water storage would be needed to irrigate the Friendship Garden for two weeks. This could be stored

HELMI HUNIN &

The following Excel tables outline calculations related to water use and rainwater capture at the FARM Institute.

MAX MADALINSKI

Water Capture Calculations

23 /23