Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Index

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign Abigail Elwood & Nelle Ward ยง The Conway School ยง Spring 2014

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Project Overview Location & Context Climate & Watershed Wetlands, Slopes, Drainage Soils and Surface Cover Vehicular Use, Parking, & Utility Access Pedestrian Flow, Views, & Gathering Spaces Summary Analysis Design Alternatives Final Design: Overview Final Design: Perspective, Section Final Design: Stormwater, Roads & Paths Upper Campus Core: Overview Upper Campus Core: Grading & Stormwater Upper Campus Core: Sections & Perspective Lower Campus Core: Overview Lower Campus Core: Grading & Stormwater Lower Campus Core: Sections & Perspective Construction Details: Part I Construction Details: Part II Construction Details: Part III Planting Plan Estimated Costs

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Project Overview Marlboro College wants to have a sustainable, environmentally responsible campus and to create a comfortable inviting experience for all of its users. However, the campus core has three main issues: A) it is dominated by vehicular-centric infrastructure; B) it lacks pedestrian amenities and gathering areas; C) its stormwater management system is ineffective.

MARLBORO COLLEGE

Small liberal arts school Average enrollment is 300 3 acres constitute campus core Students create their own interdisciplinary degrees

• • • • • •

270 enrolled students 40 faculty 185 students live on campus 85 students commute 100 registered student cars 230 drivers total

•

Consolidate and decentralize vehicular use and access.

•

Create a more inviting landscape for pedestrians.

•

Create a more effective, ecological stormwater management system.

A

Undefined parking spaces create compacted earth and unintended parking areas.

Unnecessarily wide roads fragment the campus core.

B

ack

eB

Th

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Project Focus Area y Wa

Dorm

Dorm

Brown Science

Dorm Dorm Library

Pedestrians are forced to walk on roads because there are no formal pedestrian-only paths or pedestrian amenities.

Campus Center

The campus core lacks comfortable and safe gathering spaces. Students have created informal paths.

O.P. Darymple

C

PROJECT OVERVIEW

Dorm

Dorm

• • • •

2013-2014

PROJECT GOALS

Dining Hall Dorm

Sou th R d.

buildings parking road tree canopy fire pond wetland boundary

The existing culvert system can not handle the runoff it is receiving; many culverts (above) are filled with sediment.

Erosion of natural surface roads, paths, and drainage passages is severe.

1/23

Marlboro College is located in a rural environment with a history of agricultural activity that persists as part of the area’s culture and identity.

RICH HISTORY

Windham County Marlboro, VT

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Marlboro, VT

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Conditions • Marlboro College was founded by veteran Walter Hendricks with GI Bill funds in 1946.

• The college was envisioned as a venue for radical, self-directed learning.

• When the college was founded, the surrounding landscape was cleared; it was formerly a commercial apple orchard.

• Some original farm buildings and apple trees still stand; they are an essential element of the campus’s identity and rural feel.

• Since 1951, Marlboro College has been home to the Marlboro Music School and Festival, an internationally recognized seven-week summer program for advanced classical training and performances.

Brattleboro is a popular destination for students. Public transportation in this area is very limited.

ABOUT WINDHAM COUNTY, VT

• • • •

Rural; limited public transportation; car dependent.

Low population density: 56 people per square mile Demographics: 96.72% white Largest town is Brattleboro: Population of 12,000 $30K median household income

Implications • Marlboro College’s rural environment, historical context, and founding principles are essential to the college’s identity and aesthetic character.

• The surrounding landscape is in a state of transition: the young forest is still becoming established.

• Though the campus’s past is important to the college’s aesthetic feel and culture, some of the existing infrastructure and vegetation is aging and may need to be replaced.

• Each summer, the college’s campus must meet the needs of its client, Marlboro Music. (See sheet 11.)

ABOUT MARLBORO, VT

• • • • •

Formerly agricultural 40 square miles Population of 1,000 Household median income $40K Home to Marlboro Music Festival at Marlboro College The area surrounding Marlboro College is primarily forested.

LOCATION & CONTEXT

RURAL LOCATION

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Location & Former Agricultural History

2/23

The campus is situated in a smaller micro-watershed on the south side of a ridge.

CLIMATE

MICRO-WATERSHED

Conditions • Average high temperature is 54°F; average low is 32°F • Average precipitation: 4.2 inches per month • USDA hardiness zone is 5a; short growing season

Conditions • The campus’s micro-watershed is about 5,000 acres. The developed part of campus is roughly forty acres. The surrounding area is forested and infiltrates stormwater.

Implications • Marlboro’s micro-climate has a relatively high rate of precipitation (compared to New England’s average 3-4 inches per month).

• Due to Marlboro’s climate, the campus’s stormwater management systems will need to be adaptable to freezing conditions.

Implications • The forest upslope of Marlboro College reduces stormwater runoff reaching campus; this area should be protected from development.

WETLANDS Conditions • Because the college was built before wetland and stream buffer regulations were enacted, conditions existing prior to those regulations do not need to conform.

• In order to manage traffic on the campus’s steep slopes, the college uses large amounts of salt, sand, and chemicals to melt ice. Last year Marlboro used 208 yards of salt/sand mix and 140 fifty-pound bags of Ice Melt.

• Sediment alters the stream banks and water quality; sediment can destroy habitat that fish need in order to reproduce and also clog fish gills, suffocating them.

Implications • Sediment- and salt-loaded runoff may be having detrimental effects on the wetlands adjacent to campus and on aquatic life downstream.

• Landscape practices that minimize damage to the wetlands and streams on campus may help protect vulnerable ecological systems; sediment-loaded stormwater runoff should be intercepted where possible.

CONTEXTUAL WATERSHED

forested campus upslope core

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Section A-A' (N.T.S.)

Deerfield River tributary

micro-watershed

A Marlboro College

A' To Deerfield River stream watershed boundary

0

1 mi

2 mi

3 mi

estimated campus watershed stream contour developed part of campus

0

.25 mi

.5 mi

50' wetland buffer 200' stream buffer water/wetland

0

.09 mi

.18 mi

CLIMATE & WATERSHED

Conditions • Marlboro College sits upslope of the Green River, a main tributary to the Deerfield River.

• The Deerfield River is one of the cleanest and coldest rivers in New England; it hosts native and stocked trout and is used for Atlantic salmon restoration.

Implications • The college’s landscape management strategies may affect the Deerfield River’s temperature and aquatic health.

The campus’s wetlands and streams receive runoff.

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Marlboro is situated in Vermont’s Green Mountains, near the top of an important watershed.

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Larger Context & Ecological Impact

3/23

Campus Core

South Rd.

S.E.

Section A-A' (N.T.S.) The campus core is on a steep, south-facing slope.

into forest & wetlands

A

>20% slope into wetlands

Implications • Marlboro may be able to use the surrounding forest to infiltrate some runoff. However, care should be taken not to deposit directly into the wetlands; sediment in runoff should be filtered.

• Fast-moving runoff is not easily infiltrated over these steep slopes, which may create erosion and pose a safely hazard on pedestrians pathways that overlap with drainage passages.

• Possibilities for siting paths and roads are very limited.

• Flat areas around the bases of buildings may be at risk of pooling and water damage.

• The campus is not ADA accessible without a car.

• The campus’s slopes allow for numerous view points.

• If stormwater is directed appropriately, pooling will not occur very easily.

15-20% slope

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

N.W.

10-15% slope

into forest

5-10% slope

Library

2-5% slope Campus Center

into fire pond Darymple

forest fire pond wetland buffer culvert culverted stormwater

The fire pond receives the campus’s stormwater runoff, which is full of sediment.

drainage N

Dining Hall

to wetlands

0'

200'

South Rd .

A’

Buildings sit at the bottom of steep slopes, and some are at risk of water damage due to poorly directed stormwater.

WETLANDS, SLOPES, & DRAINAGE

Generalizations about New England slopes: • > 20% slopes are prone to erosion.

• >15% slopes are not good for walking or driving.

• 10-15% slopes are not accessible in winter without 4-wheel drive.

• 5-10% slopes create limited vehicular accessibility in winter.

• 2-5% is appropriate for roads, paths, and ADA access.

Conditions • Stormwater runoff moves quickly down the campus core’s steep slopes towards flatter areas at the base of buildings.

• Some stormwater is diverted with culverts into the surrounding forest and wetlands.

• Most roads and paths are on greater than 10% slopes.

• The average slope of the campus core is approximately 15%.

• The network of culverts is collapsing and can not manage the runoff and sediment load.

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Stormwater generally travels quickly down the campus’s steep, south-facing slopes. Some is intercepted by storm drains and some is culverted into to the surrounding landscape.

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Steep Slopes & Drainage

4/23

Marlboro’s campus is a patchwork of buildings, roads, turf, shrubs, and disturbed soils nested within a mid-successional forest. The campus is largely dominated by impermeable surfaces.

SURFACE COVER

• In some areas, erosion is due to a combination of pedestrian traffic and stormwater runoff causing erosion (identified below).

• Most of the roads are compacted dirt, the erosion of which, on steep slopes, increases sediment flowing into the nearby woods and waterways.

• Trees and other vegetation with deep root systems help slow stormwater and help control erosion.

• The surrounding forest infiltrates some of the runoff from the mostly imperviously surfaced campus.

Conditions • Turf is a comfortable surface for students and faculty to relax on. Open grassy areas are part of the campus’s culture and aesthetic.

• Impermeable surfaces such as buildings and roads, as well as turf to a lesser degree, increase surficial runoff and velocity, exacerbating erosion.

Implications • More permeable surfaces may reduce high velocity stormwater, which can cause erosion.

• Turf is one of the least permeable forms of vegetation and should be replaced wherever it is not being used for recreation, events, or as a gathering spot.

Impervious surfaces in conjunction with naturally erosive soil compound Marlboro’s issues with stormwater runoff.

SOILS

Erosion hazard for natural surface roads and turf Severe

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Impermeable Surface Cover & Erosive Soil

Library

pedestrian walkway Campus Center

asphalt/roof compacted soil turf

pedestrian walkways

tree canopy forest

Darymple

early succesional young meadow Dining Hall

South Rd.

0'

200'

fire pond

Conditions • Soils are acidic, well-drained to excessively well-drained, fine sandy loams.

• According to the Vermont Soil Survey (NRCS), depth to bedrock is 10-40 inches; however, it is apparent that bedrock depth is less deep in some areas where exposed ledge occasionally emerges from the earth across campus.

• These soils move water well sub-surficially when saturated. This can also cause dry patches on steep slopes.

• Soil erosiveness decreases dramatically when soils are forested.

• These soils are not well suited for natural surface roads or turf because of their potential for high runoff volume and erosive conditions (VT Soil Survey).

Implications • To reduce erosion, water should be slowed on site as much as possible without creating a risk of flooding.

• In areas where infiltration is not possible due to bedrock depth, slowing and conveying water to surrounding forests for infiltration may reduce runoff and erosion.

• Reducing the areas of natural surface roads and turf may reduce erosion and sedimentation of surrounding waterways.

• Pedestrian traffic should be kept off areas of exposed soil, especially the area with severe erosion hazard potential, which should be protected from development when possible.

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

erosion

200'

SURFACE COVER & SOILS

0

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

High

5/23

Marlboro would like vehicular use to be less dominant; currently roads and parking fragment the campus core, although some roads are necessary for access.

• In order to enforce a car-free campus core, the college has developed a ticketing system for illegal parking, but it is not very effective: unregistered vehicles can not be fined, and ticketing is inconsistent.

• Vehicular access to all dorms is currently needed for move-in and move-out days for the roughly 200 students who live on campus.

• Roads currently serve as the only formal pathways on campus; they must currently be shared with pedestrians.

• Wide roads (averaging about 20 feet in width) and asphalt parking areas, especially the one in front of Darymple, create an uncomfortable pedestrian experience and create ugly views.

• Unpaved parking areas and unnecessarily wide roads with no clearly defined borders allow for “parking creep” (as cars park slightly over the edge of the parking lot time and time again, the parking lot grows); this compacts soil and inhibits plant growth.

ROADS & PARKING Conditions • The most frequent vehicular use occurs on the “Back Way” road, which connects to commuter and faculty parking. The spurs off the loop around the Dining Hall encourage students and faculty to drive to classrooms and dorms and to park there illegally.

• The roads between the Library, Darymple, and the Brown Science building are infrequently used.

Implications • Removing the spurs off the main driving loop would force traffic to go the back way and drastically reduce vehicular flow through the campus core.

• Marlboro should modify its existing parking ticketing system so that there are no loopholes and so ticketing is consistent enough to deter people from parking where they are not supposed to.

• Parking around dorms is only necessary a few times a year for move-in and move-out days and the Marlboro Music Festival; these parking spots could be temporary.

• The campus needs formal pedestrian paths; however, where vehicular access is occasionally or only seasonally needed, paths that are wide enough to be drivable could replace some existing roads.

• Parking areas and roads should be clearly delineated and narrowed with boundary and material changes. Views of parking and roads should be buffered to create a more comfortable pedestrian experience.

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Vehicular Use: Identifying What’s Necessary

most frequently used roads

Brown Science

Dorm

frequently used roads

Dorm Library

2rd floor entrance

occasionally used roads building entrance

Campus Center

spur

3rd floor entrance Darymple

Dorm

2rd floor entrance

spur

ur sp

1st floor entrance Dining Hall Loop

spu r

Dining Hall

The Back Way

Conditions • Campus is not ADA accessible without a car.

• Darymple (which serves as a classroom and a venue for campus functions) has three floors and no elevator. Adding an elevator is not an option. For ADA accessibility, universal parking must be directly adjacent to the second and third floor entrances, due to the steep slopes.

• Marlboro Music Festival organizers would like to be able to deliver a piano to every building and specifically to the second floor of Darymple; pianos can not be moved up stairs.

• Oil deliveries require an access road within 100 feet of an oil tank; propane deliveries must be within 50 feet of a propane tank.

• Emergency access requires that a fire truck be able to get within 100 feet of every building.

• Food is delivered to the Dining Hall by an 18-wheeler via the existing loop.

The loop was specifically engineered recently for this use.

• Deliveries to the first floor of the Campus Center rely on the spur off the Dining Hall loop; the Campus Center has an elevator to the second floor, which is also at ground level.

Deliveries to the campus center could come from the second floor if the elevator is used.

• Trash is currently picked up once a week from dumpsters adjacent to buildings.

Dorm

South Rd.

0'

faculty & commuter parking

Implications • Without an elevator, Darymple must have a drivable approach to the second and third floors in order to meet the college’s and the festival’s needs.

• All buildings must have a drivable approach of no farther than 100 feet and preferably 50 feet; oil and propane tanks and dumpsters should be moved if necessary and where possible.

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

to the back way

parking areas

VEHICULAR USE & ACCESS

Dorm

Dorm

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

ACCESS

200'

6/23

• • •

Conditions • There are no formal pedestrian-only paths in the campus core. The organization of pedestrian flow is based on vehicular flow and access. The campus core lacks

•

• There are no ADA accessible paths connecting the four most heavily used buildings due to steep slopes. ADA accessibility is only possible with a car.

Implications • Fortified, formal, pedestrian-only paths across slopes (along contours) would help connect the four main buildings, and create a more easily navigated, pedestrian-centric campus core with some level of ADA accessible walkways.

• Frequently used existing informal paths that are also drainage passages should be fortified and intentionally built to manage stormwater and seasonal foot traffic.

• New pedestrian paths should be as direct as possible without exceeding slopes of 15%, which would compromise their integrity and sustainability.

GATHERING SPOTS AND VIEWS

to new residence

roads

to existing woods trail

heavily used buildings frequently used paths

Dorm

Dorm

occasionally used paths

to the back way

infrequently used paths Science

gathering spot

Dorm

building

desirable views undesirable views

Dorm to parking lots and dance hall

Library 1 Campus Center

2

Conditions • The gathering spots are mostly clumped between the four most heavily used buildings.

• Views overlooking unnecessarily wide roads or buildings that have no vegetative buffer from the roads are undesirable.

• Views overlooking areas with fewer roads and long, southward views unobstructed by buildings are more desirable.

Implications • Gathering spaces have more desirable views when they are not directly next to buildings, especially if the buildings are abutted by roads with no vegetative buffer.

• Areas that have views of the orchard and/or long views of campus may make good gathering spaces.

1

3

orchard

3

Dining Hall

The view from the top of the hill in front of the Library allows for long southward views, and it is not dominated

by Darymple.

2

The southward view from the orchard is interrupted by vehicular activity and a wide paved area.

4

1

orchard

Dorm 4 Admissions

200'

3

This gathering space overlooks an unattractive paved area in front of Darymple. It so close to the building that walls and pavement dominate the view.

Aside from the unattractive roads wrapping around it, the orchard offers a beautiful view and gathering place for pedestrians gathering near the Dining Hall.

PEDESTRIAN FLOW, VIEWS & GATHERING SPACES

Darymple

Dorm

0' 0’

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

PEDESTRIAN FLOW

• •

coherence: there is no central organization or obvious circulation patterns for pedestrians.

There are many informal pedestrian paths that are confusing to navigate.

The Library, the Campus Center, Darymple, and the Dining Hall form a quadrangle of the most heavily used buildings.

There is a lot of movement between the Dining Hall and the dorms.

Existing roads are frequented by pedestrians, though pedestrians have created informal paths to make more direct connections than the roads allow for.

Informal paths that cut straight up steep slopes also serve as drainage channels, creating dangerous, muddy, slippery paths, and erosion.

The grounds team is only responsible for maintaining paths that have been officially built by Marlboro.

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Pedestrian flow and gathering areas are centered around four main buildings with south-facing views overlooking the campus; however, a relationship between these buildings is lacking, and pedestrians share walking space with cars.

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Pedestrian Flow, Views, & Gathering Spaces

7/23

Steep slopes, stormwater, and traffic overlap in the compact, impermeable area that comprises the campus core.

FRONT OF DINING HALL Students gather in front of the Dining Hall on and near the road that loops around. Vehicular traffic uses this loop to reach the Campus Center and dorms.

PERIPHERAL VEHICULAR ACCESS A large parking area on the periphery of campus is not used as frequently as it could be. Roads passing through this area allow back door access to the campus core.

Pedestrian Circulation slopes over 15% roads exposed soil turf scrub forest young meadow pedestrian path heavy use building drainage gathering spot

FRONT OF LIBRARY Stormwater converges with students gathering on steep slopes in between two heavily used buildings.

Pedestrian traffic between the four most heavily used buildings overlaps with roads.

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Summary Analysis

Surface Cover

FRONT OF DARYMPLE A major intersection allows vehicular traffic to move from the Dining Hall loop up to the Library. Pedestrians and vehicles share this major corridor.

Stormwater from above rushes down slope over this impermeable area.

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Campus Center

Darymple

Slopes & Drainage

Dining Hall

0'

focus area

roads parking

Steep slopes cause stormwater to move quickly down hill and then slow down, collecting in flatter areas.

100' Vehicular Use

South Rd.

SUMMARY ANALYSIS

ORCHARD A central gathering area, directly in front of the Dining Hall, and one of the first visible areas when cars arrive on campus, is surrounded by roads and receives stormwater from upslope.

The campus core is primarily covered with impermeable surfaces.

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Library

The Dining Hall loop allows vehicular access through the campus core. A back road allows for peripheral parking and access.

8/23

Dorms

Dorms

Dining Hall

outdoor classroom

courtyard

200'

0'

0'

Alternative 1: The existing vehicular circulation is maintained, but the pedestrian flow is reworked. The forest edge expands and infiltrates stormwater.

Pros • The paths are more gradual across slopes because traffic is directed away from the steepest slopes.

• Terraced steep slopes and stone walls create opportunities for long views and amphitheater seating.

• The center of the campus core becomes a vibrant gathering space, with a clearly delineated central open space.

Cons • The dorms are still accessible from the Dining Hall loop; students may continue to use the loop to park at their dorms.

• The formal pedestrian walkways are not very direct, which may cause pedestrians to forge their own more direct paths on icy, unfortified slopes, which may be dangerous and also cause erosion.

• The earth work and stone work would be costly.

• Unknowns, such as depth bedrock, may limit this alternative’s feasibility.

LEGEND meadow

detention pond

tree

rain garden

shrub mass

200'

Darymple

retention pond

Dining Hall

new road

new loop for vehicles South Rd.

deck

Dorms

Dorms

retention pond

Campus Center

rain garden

staircase

Darymple

retention pond

Dorms

Library

Campus Center

berm & basins

retaining wall

Darymple

Dorms

ADA path

dry creek

Library Campus Center

Dorms

South Rd.

0'

200'

Dining Hall

Dorms

South Rd.

Alternative 2: All vehicular traffic is removed from campus center and a gradual pathway system on contour is added to ensure ADA access.

Alternative 3: The existing pedestrian circulation is maintained and vehicular flow is reworked. New meadows are created with new forest edges.

Pros • Because the loop around the Dining Hall is closed, pedestrians are given priority around the Dining Hall, creating a safe, comfortable space for mingling.

• Students mingling can spill out of the Dining Hall to a courtyard lined with pavers and enclosed by stone sitting walls.

• Informal pedestrian paths become fortified dry creeks, walkable in dry weather.

Pros • ADA access is accomplished with paths instead of cars.

• Roads are removed from the campus core, creating a pedestrian-centric environment.

• A few sections of road surrounding the Dining Hall are removed, creating a large grassy area around the Dining Hall, free from the interruption of vehicular traffic. Instead, a new road is added, allowing access to the western dorms.

• A deck off Darymple provides long views to the southeast.

• Stormwater infiltrates at its source through a system of berms and basins near the Library.

Cons • Because the loop around the Dining Hall is closed, Marlboro’s current food service provider would have to get a different truck that could make deliveries using the smaller new loop.

• There is no coherent, central gathering location.

• The berms and basins may not be feasible or suitable for the site conditions.

• The road to the front of the Library is on a 20% slope in some places.

• Dry creek paths are seasonal and may be difficult to maintain for pedestrian safety.

Cons • Because the loop around the Dining Hall is closed, Marlboro’s current food service provider would have to get a different truck.

• There are no large grassy gathering areas, as the campus core is fragmented by the ADA accessible pathway system.

• The Library oil tank will have to be relocated in order to be accessible for resupply.

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Dorms

Library

staircase

Brown Science

Brown Science

Brown Science

Dorms

Dorms

foot bridge

DESIGN ALTERNATIVES

Dorms

terraces

ADA ACCESSIBLE WITHOUT VEHICULAR DEPENDENCE

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

REMOVE VEHICULAR ACCESS TO CAMPUS CORE

REWORK PEDESTRIAN FLOW ON CONTOUR

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Design Alternatives

9/23

9 21

1 17

P P

18 14

Dorm

13

12

P Dalrymple

Outdoor Program

4

6

2

LOWER CAMPUS CORE

Orchard

2

P 10 Dorm

18

5

2

P

Dorm

5

Orchard

Dorm

11

4

Campus Center

5

14

5

P

P

Library

UPPER CAMPUS CORE

10

Dorm

12 Dorm

P

15

3

Dorm

7

P

Dining Hall

8 18

1 Hendricks

19

Mather

9

sheet 16-18 Admissions

SOUTH ROAD 0'

100'

Dorm

10

sheet 13-15

Brown Science

16

2

19

Dorm

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

TO THE BACK-WAY

FINAL DESIGN OVERVIEW

1

3 20

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

THE BACK-WAY

New roads provide access to dorms via South Road and the 1

Back Way, while reducing vehicle use on the Dining Hall loop.

Reinforced turf allows for temporary parking areas for move-in/ 2

move-out days, while becoming green space for the dorms the rest of

the year.

3 At most times of the year, benches staked into the ground outside

of dorms prevent parking on the reinforced turf. They can be removed

easily when temporary parking is needed.

Rain gardens collect and infiltrate stormwater, reducing non-source 4

point pollutants and sediment in campus wetlands.

Drivable pedestrian paths made of the same material as 5

pedestrian-only paths facilitate needed vehicle and barrier-free access

while prioritizing pedestrian movement.

Terraced courtyards adjacent to the third and second floor of 6

Dalrymple overlook the historic orchard and new Dining Hall

Courtyard, and have beautiful open views to the southeast.

Drivable pavers, new small trees, shrubs, and sitting walls create 7

a courtyard next to the Dining Hall, inviting congregation and interaction.

A detention pond collects and infiltrates much of the stormwater 8

from the campus core and also becomes a visual highlight with

early winter and spring blooming trees, and grasses and shrubs with

fall and winter interest.

The Dining Hall loop is kept to retain access for food deliveries to the 9

Dining Hall.

10 Plantings of hay-scented fern become a low-maintenance divide

between reinforced turf areas and dorms.

Crushed gravel around dorms reduces erosion on drip lines, sends 11

water away from buildings, and serves as a visual buffer from parking

and lawn areas.

Dry creeks with stepping stones direct stormwater, reinforce 12

formerly eroded wish paths, and create a low-maintenance,

three-season route to the Dining Hall and the Randoms from the

Brown Science building and the Library.

A courtyard in front of the Library is encircled by seating walls and 13

provides a sheltered, south-facing gathering area while highlighting

views of the improved landscape.

A system of drift swales (see detail 3/19) direct and slow stormwater 14

around the Library as well as create low, shallowly sloped seating on a

steep slope.

Log spreaders (see detail 7/19) reduce the erosive channeling of 15

stormwater runoff in woods and allow for infiltration.

16 Water- and drought-tolerant shrubs planted in this large swale slow

and infiltrate stormwater runoff.

Roadand path-side swales slow runoff and convey it to sites of 17 infiltration.

18 Where possible, proposed swales make use of existing storm drains.

19 Trench grates set perpendicular to roads and paths allow water to

pass under roads. Open grates catch sediment as it flows down roads

and have removable grates to allow for removal of sediment.

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Final Design Overview

10/23

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Final Design: Section & Perspective Library Library Courtyard A

Library Lawn

Schrader

Happy Valley

Stone Stairs New Stone Retaining Wall

Drivable Path

Library

Outdoor Program Building

Happy Valley

A

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

The view from the drivable path that leads to Darymple (view indicated on plan at left) reveals the flat lawn created by a long stone retaining wall. The Library courtyard at the top of the hill offers views of the terraces below.

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

A'

Drivable Path

Library Courtyard to Brown Science building

0'

Library Lawn

Upper Dalrymple Terrace

A'

Pedestrian Path

Reinforced Turf Lawn (Accessible Parking)

Detention Pond to South Road

Seating Wall

40'

Retaining Wall

Swale

Swale

Retaining Wall

Retaining Wall

Seating Boulder

Swale Swale

Terraces and retaining walls cascade through the campus core, improving favored gathering areas, opening up long views, and slowing stormwater runoff.

New drivable and pedestrian paths wind through campus, past courtyards and infiltration gardens. Paths improve accessibility, and reduce erosion, and infiltration gardens add beauty, while catching and infiltrating stormwater.

FINAL DESIGN: SECTION & PERSPECTIVE

Dining Hall

11/23

Using the Rational Method for rough calculations of stormwater runoff, the proposed design reduces runoff on site by 20%. For more detailed information on stormwater movement see focus area pages 14 and 17.

PROPOSED STORMWATER FLOW

PROPOSED CONDITIONS The proposed road and path pattern creates a pedestrian-centric campus core. Vehicle access is provided for with drivable paths which are primarily pedestrian ways. Parking creep is mitigated through the use of visible drainage ditches (see sheet 22 for details) which also direct runoff away from parking areas and buildings to infiltration areas (see figure on left).

EXISTING SURFACES, ROADS, & PATHS

• All main vehicle roads are paved with asphalt to reduce erosion, maintenance, and the sedimentation of waterways.

• Roads over 15% are removed.

• Roads are narrowed to twenty-one feet for two-way traffic and fifteen feet for one-way traffic where possible.

• Parking space is reduced in the campus core.

• Permanent universal parking areas are added and paved.

• Previously compacted earth parking areas become reinforced turf, providing temporary parking when needed and a lawn when not.

While asphalt surface is increased in the proposed design, replacing compacted earth with pavers, gravel paths, and reinforced turf reduces runoff by approximately 25% (using the rational method for comparison; consult with a civil engineer for a more accurate calculation).

PROPOSED SURFACES, ROADS, & PATHS

ay kW

k ac

ac

eB

eB

Th

Th

P

P

P

P

P

P P P

P P

P P

P P

P P

P

South

South Rd.

200'

0'

0'

200'

Areas of Infiltration Slowing Stormwater woods detention pond rain garden

P

P P

STORM-WATER PATHS

200' asphalt roads

asphalt roads

terracing berms

drivable schist path

compact earth roads

pedestrian only schist path

paved pedestrian path P

existing parking

P

P

P

0'

ay W

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Slowing stormwater runoff.

Filtering sediment.

Directing stormwater to areas of infiltration.

Directing stormwater away from buildings, parking lots, roads, and paths.

Marlboro central campus is currently lacking formal pedestrian paths.

Spurs connecting the Dining Hall loop to dorms and upper buildings encourage vehicle use in the center of campus. Compacted earth roads on erosive soils contribute to sedimentation of nearby waterways and result in high road maintenance.

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

• • • •

EXISTING CONDITIONS

Rd.

FINAL DESIGN: STORMWATER, ROADS & PATHS

The proposed stormwater management system reduces existing runoff and erosion by:

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Stormwater, Roads, and Paths

reinforced turf (parking) P P

existing parking proposed parking

12/23

walls, shrubs, new and existing trees, and a central stone staircase with landings 15 feet long, sloped at 7%.

2 Below, a flat gathering space is created by a long retaining wall that

stretches around the front of the Library lawn.

3 Conveyance swales along the slope in front of the Brown Science

building and on the Library lawn slow stormwater on steep slopes, where

infiltration opportunities are minimal.

4 A 15% sloped maintenance path allows for the campus sidewalk plow to

climb the steep slopes in winter to snow blow and plow the Library’s

courtyard, as well as provide access to the Brown Science building.

Universally accessible parking in front of Darymple allows for ADA 5

access to the third floor.

6 Darymple’s entrance is framed by shrubs, which improve the view of the

building from the Library terrace and lawn.

7 The courtyard has a hammer-head turn-around on the east end of Darymple.

8 The drivable schist path is mostly used by pedestrians and utility

access vehicles.

3 3 19

Swale Library

Path 1 5 21

Sitting Area

8 19

Seating Wall

Retaining Wall

4 5 19

Log Spreaders 3 19

Forest

6 21

3

Lawn

Conveyance Swales

Stone Stairs

2

Swale 4 21

5

Boulder Retaining Wall 0'

40'

Darymple

6

1 The Library pours out onto a courtyard that is enclosed by stone sitting

7

8

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Brown Science

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

The Library becomes a hub for gathering which overlooks the lower part of campus.

UPPER CAMPUS CORE: OVERVIEW

Upper Campus Core: Overview

13/23

Library

3

Sitting Area

4

7 19

3 19

5

Sitting Area

8

6 6 7

9

6 19

6 19

Darymple 0

40’

CUT

17 EET H S E E SE

LIN

*Area is not graded for conceptual conveyance swales. In order to grade according to swale sizing for catchment area, consult stormwater engineer.

1 Stormwater off the slope from the Brown Science 2 3 4 5

6

7 8 9

building is captured in drift swales (see detail 3/19) that convey and infiltrate some water.

The overflow is captured in the existing stone-lined swale.

The swale widens and irrigates vegetation in the infiltration area.

The overflow passes under bridged paths via a dry creek.

On the west side of the maintenance path to the Brown Science building, stormwater is intercepted by swales that direct it to log spreaders which help move stormwater into the woods evenly.

Stormwater in the central area between the Library stairs and the maintenance path goes through drift swales that both convey and infiltrate some stormwater.

Overflow is culverted from the parking area, through a retaining wall of boulders, and then dissipates in the forest.

The terraced area slows stormwater and provides a flat sitting area for students.

The road sheds water into a rock-lined swale, which is culverted under the road or connected to the existing storm drain.

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

2

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

1

Brown Science

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Some stormwater off the steep slopes above the campus center is slowed and conveyed into the existing forest. Some is slowed with retention walls.

UPPER CAMPUS CORE: GRADING & STORMWATER

Upper Campus Core: Grading & Stormwater

14/23

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Upper Campus Core: Sections & Perspective Section A - A': Front of Library

1 21

Flattened Lawn

Seating Wall

Shrubs

Drivable Path Sod Swale

Retaining Wall

0'

40'

0

Students hang out on the Library courtyard and on a new flattened gathering space created by a retaining wall that sweeps around the hill. Little bluestem and potentilla soak up stormwater slowed by the retaining wall.

4'

Students gather in the courtyard in front of the Library, enclosed by a stone sitting wall and vegetation. The Library courtyard overlooks the campus and the Library’s sweeping retaining wall, where students also gather.

Section B - B': Front of Library Brown Science building 8 19

Library

3 19

B

A

1 20

Conveyance Swales

Courtyard

0

Drivable Shrubs Darymple Path

A'

Sod Swale

Seating Wall

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Lawn

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Courtyard

5 19

40'

Gentle conveyance swales are hardly visible and may be mowed, yet they slow and carry stormwater down this steep hill. Some stormwater will collect in the sod swale alongside the parking area in front of Darymple.

B' Darymple

UPPERR CAMPUS CORE: SECTIONS & PERSPECTIVE

8 19

15/23

4 21

Universal Access 2 and Reinforced Turf 4 19

6 19

6 21

Sitting Wall

6

7 8

Stone Stairs

3 21

4 20

5 21

Sitting Wall

Sitting Boulders

9

Wooden Bridge

Dining Hall Courtyard

10

Detention Pond 9 20 2 21

40'

8 19

2 21

Dining Hall

1

A terrace above Darymple, created by a retaining wall, is surrounded by vegetation.

Overlooking the orchard and the Dining Hall courtyard, it also has southeast views.

The lower Darymple courtyard is reinforced turf 2

and provides a universally accessible parking spot,

as well as a gathering space.

A wooden drivable bridge over a dry creek leads 3

to a set of winding stone stairs that lead to a

courtyard in the Dining Hall.

A boulder retaining wall blends into the existing 4

exposed ledge and borders an ADA accessible

path above. These boulders also invite students to

sit and socialize.

The ADA-accessible path also provides vehicular 5

access necessary for Marlboro Music piano

delivery and an accessible parking space.

A gently sloped lawn provides another vantage 6

point over the Dining Hall courtyard.

Sweeping stairs with fifteen-foot-long landings 7

create a dramatic entrance to the Dining Hall and

also improve the steep climb to Dalrymple.

Sitting walls on both sides of the stairs enclose the 8

courtyard and create a comfortable central

hangout area.

As spurs into the campus core have been removed, 9

the area in front of the Dining Hall is made car-

free except for deliveries. Pavers, small trees,

and shrubs create a garden-like and intimate atmosphere.

The path connecting the Dining Hall to the 10

southeastern dorms passes by a retention

pond with large sitting boulders surrounded by

seasonal vegetation. The orchard and terraces rise

to the north, and two pagoda dogwoods frame the

entrance to the Dining Hall courtyard to the east.

4 Dry Creek

Dry Creek

edge

5

3

Boulder Wall

0

ing L Exist

Drivable Bridge

Ramp to Second Level Stone Retaining Wall

Infiltration Garden

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

1

7 20

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Stone Stairs 5 19

Dalrymple

Dry Creek with Stepping Stones

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Upper Terrace

Cascading terraces offer gathering spaces with long views of the surrounding countryside. A central stone staircase spills into an open courtyard enclosed by stone sitting walls in front of the Dining Hall.

Two dry creeks wind down to a retention pond.

LOWER CAMPUS CORE: OVERVIEW

Lower Campus Core: Overview

16/23

Darymple

4 3

1 5 19

12

Lower Terrace

6

4 21

Drivable Bridge

7 20

to

enter C s u p Cam

10

11

8 6 19

7

14

8 5

13

Sitting Wall

Courtyard Dining Hall

5 20 5 20

9

0'

40'

9 20

Sitting Wall

1

The upper terrace has a six-foot retaining wall, receding to four feet, with a sloped (33%) garden above the wall.

The terrace is sloped away from the building 2

at 2% towards a swale next to twelve stairs

leading down to the lower terrace.

This swale is directed into a rain garden 3

which overflows into a dry creek.

This dry creek, lined with step stones to 4

create a fortified path in dry weather

conditions (see detail 7/20), runs from

Schrader and passes under a drivable bridge.

The dry creek winds through the orchard to 5

a detention pond.

The lower terrace is created by a two-foot 6

retaining wall.

This retaining wall wraps around from 7

Darymple to the drivable bridge.

A 2% grade and a scupper in the wall drains 8

rainwater from the terrace.

Stormwater from the courtyard drains 9

through the scupper into a smaller dry

creek, which empties into the detention pond.

A drivable, accessible pedestrian path 10

leads to the Campus Center.

A stairway meeting the bridge leads down 11

to a courtyard in front of the Dining Hall.

12 A swale upslope of the stairs catches

rainwater from the Outdoor Program (O.P.)

lawn and sends it through culverts under

the stairs and into the dry creek.

13 Stairs leading to the new Dining Hall

courtyard fan out to create sitting walls on

either side.

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

2

Upper Terrace

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

LIN

Terraces and an ADA-accessible path are created using stone and fill.

Stormwater is slowed on terraces, conveyed via dry creeks, and infiltrated in a rain garden and a detention pond.

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

CUT

O.P.

13 EET H S E E SE

LOWER CAMPUS CORE: GRADING & STORMWATER

Lower Campus Core: Grading & Stormwater

17/23

Section A-A': Front of Outdoor Program Building

A

Darymple 4 21

6 19 8 19

A

Dining Hall A'

Driveable Path

A’ Boulder Wall

Outdoor Program Building

O.P. Lawn

Courtyard

B'

Swale

Seating Wall

Swale 40'

0’

Students travel down the dry creek from the Library and dorms in dry weather, and relax and socialize on the lawn above the Dining Hall Courtyard.

Section B-B': Terraces Above Dining Hall

4 19

4 21

9 20

B

Driveable Path

Library Lawn

Retaining Wall 0'

40'

20’

Swale

Upper Dalrymple Terrace

Retaining Wall & Dry Creek Lower Dalrymple Terrace

Lower Orchard

Pedestrian Path Detention Pond

B'

Retaining Wall

The terraces by Dalrymple become areas for socialization or quiet study, overlooking the campus and the mountains of Vermont. The view cascades down into the Dining Hall courtyard, a center of activity.

LOWER CAMPUS CORE: SECTIONS

0'

Dining Hall

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Dry Creek

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

5 20

B

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Lower Campus Core: Sections

18/23

1-2' diameter black locust log

1-2'

3/4" crushed aggregate non-woven geotextile cloth 1 19

CONVEYANCE SWALE (OFF CONTOUR) N.T.S.

basin on contour

7 19

RETAINING WALL & SCUPPER N.T.S.

4 19

NOTE: Conveyance swales are slightly pitched downhill, and are intended to slow and direct stormwater elsewhere when it can’t be completely infiltrated in place due to site conditions (e.g., high water table). See 2/19 and 3/19 for other swales.

20' long

This retaining wall allows stormwater to pass through a scupper (a low point in the wall), in order to allow stormwater collecting on the courtyard to pass into a dry creek that carries the water away. See 5/19 for retaining wall. See 4/20 for dry creek.

berm on contour 4'

2 19

5 19

NOTE: These swales are on an even pitch and allow water to spread out evenly and soak into the ground. A spill-over allows for overflow. These swales are appropriate for areas with well-draining soils and deep watertables. See conveyance swales 1/19.

3 19

NOTE: Drift swales are a type of conveyance swale (1/19) that move stormwater off contour, but force it to drift back and forth across the landscape, slowing it down and allowing for some infiltration. See 2/19 for infiltration swales.

2' 7"

new grade

berm 2% off contour

STONE SITTING WALL N.T.S. NOTE: Stone sitting walls may be used to define and enclose spaces for people to gather.

2-5’ boulders rock garden existing grade 1'

length varies BOULDER RETAINING WALL N.T.S.

Boulder retaining walls are an inexpensive option for stabilizing steep slopes and slowing stormwater. Use boulder retaining walls on slopes from 30-50%, or when materials are abundant.

*Not for construction. These drawings are part of a student project and they are not based on a legal survey.

3/4" crushed aggregate base

8 19

height varies

6 19

goshen stone 1-3" thick 6-8" wide

4-6"

Retaining walls stabilize steep slopes and slow stormwater. Gravel backfill allows for horizontal movement of water. Non-mortared retaining walls allow for freezing and thawing. Consider planting face of wall. Consider scuppers for overflow: see 4/19.

basin 2% off contour

DRIFT SWALES N.T.S.

RETAINING WALL N.T.S.

e

3/4" crushed aggregate backfill

compacted subgrade

6"

INFILTRATION SWALE (ON CONTOUR) N.T.S.

existing contours

18"

18" compacted subgrade

slo p

NOTE: Log spreaders are inexpensive tools for redirecting and dissipating the force of channelized water before it spreads out and infiltrates. Spreaders may be on contour or slightly off contour to gently direct stormwater in a preferred direction.

vegetation

existing contours spill-over

LOG SPREADER N.T.S.

3/4" crushed aggregate

earth

3' long stakes

6"

1' 9 19

TRENCH GRATE N.T.S.

NOTE: A trench grate allows water to pass through a road. Its removable grate allows for annual cleaning out of sediment. Trench should be sized by a stormwater engineer based on the volume of stormwater.

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

dry creek

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

2"

berm 2% off contour

stones

stones

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS: PART I

existing contours

scupper

stormwater

basin 2% off contour

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Construction Details: Part I

19/23

swale

Crowned roads and drivable paths with gentle swales alongside can help reduce erosion. If managed appropriately, stormwater captured by the swales can irrigate vegetation. The swales also serve as snow storage areas. Swales on slopes greater than 10% may need check dams to help slow and direct stormwater. Roadside swales can also feed conveyance/infiltration swales and dry creeks in the landscape.

boulders placed to direct traffic and stormwater

4-6" pond stones to conveyance or infiltration swale

sod subgrade

6"

DRY CREEK PLAN N.T.S.

SOD SWALE (2-10% SLOPES) N.T.S. Sod swales slow stormwater moving SWALE: over mild slopes, allowing sediment Depth Width Angle of Repose to drop. Rake sediment annually.

6" 3' 1:3 1 20

7 20

unmowed grass or meadow

4-6" pond stones 6"

check dam

sod

1'

1"

5 20

Sod swales may be used on steeper slopes with the addition of check dams. (See 6/20.)

SWALE: Depth Width Angle of Repose 6" 3' 1:3

2”

DRY CREEK SECTION N.T.S.

8 20

Unlike stone-lined swales, dry creeks are lined with non-woven geotextile to prevent weeds, and they have strategically placed boulders alongside them to create seating and/or to direct traffic.

4-6" rip rap

3-6" rip rap wrapped in construction cloth

3'

3' STONE-LINED SWALE WITH CHECK DAMS (15-20% SLOPES) N.T.S. SWALE: Depth Width Angle of Repose 8" 3' 1:2

6 20

CHECK DAM N.T.S.

Check dams should be placed along swales intermittently, at a distance of 5 times the width of the swale or creek apart. Check dams slow stormwater so that it drops sediment, reducing the amount of sediment-loaded runoff.

*Not for construction. These drawings are part of a student project and they are not based on a legal survey.

4"

3/4" crushed aggregate

DRY CREEK & STEP STONES SECTION N.T.S.

Dry creeks with step stones may simultaneously serve to carry water and create a seasonal-use path for pedestrians. Fortifying compacted drainage passages where foot traffic is inevitable can prevent erosion and also be beautiful.

overflow basin

water-loving and drought-tolerant plants

6"

subgrade

6" rip rap

6”

12-14" 4'

6"

check dam

non-woven geotextile

step stones

4-6" pond stones

3'

SOD SWALE WITH CHECK DAMS (10-15% SLOPES) N.T.S.

Rock-lined roadside swales with check dams 6/20 stabilize soils that may otherwise erode.

Dry creeks with step stones simultaneously serve to carry water and create a seasonal-use path for pedestrians. Step stones can used as waterbars and connect to conveyance swales (1/19) or infiltration swales (2/19).

non-woven geotextile

3"

3 20

4' DRY CREEK & STEP STONES PLAN N.T.S.

subgrade

6"

2 20

step stone serving as a waterbar

check dam (see 6/20)

3'

Dry creeks function as stone-lined swales (see 3/20) but they are more attractive.

Dry creeks should have check dams (see 6/20) placed every time there is a 2 foot loss in elevation. Consider connecting overflow to swales (see 1/19 & 2/19).

3'

connect dry creeks to swales where possible

4-6" pond stones

to conveyance or infiltration swale

4 20

3/4" crushed aggregate

unmowed grass or meadow

main infiltration basin 9 20

DETENTION POND N.T.S.

excavation depth stones keep down weeds and provide seating in dry weather

NOTE: Detention ponds are used to capture peak storm events and slow runoff.

They should always have an overflow feature and. Detention ponds are appropriate depositories for dry creeks or swales, and should be situated in low points.

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

swale

12-14" flat step stones 1’ apart

1'

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

unmowed grass or meadow

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS: PART II

stormwater flow

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Construction Details: Part II

20/23

curb set 1/4" below pavers

4" of 1/2" minus schist

2 3/8" pavers 1-2" stone dust 6-8" of 3/4" crushed aggregate

non-woven geotextile

8-10" 3/4" crushed aggregate compacted subgrade

6" PAVERS N.T.S.

4 21

Pavers should be used in areas that need to accommodate pedestrians and vehicles, but signify a pedestrian-dominated gathering space.

DRIVABLE EIGHT-FOOT WIDE SCHIST PATH N.T.S.

7 21

NOTE: Compacted half-inch minus schist is a natural material that provides a sturdy base that can take freezing and thawing. Use drivable schist paths on less than15% sloped pathways that will not be regularly used by cars.

3'

1.5" of 4-6" pond stones 4" of 3/4" crushed aggregate

compacted subgrade

1 21

foundation

parking 2'

1.5'

3'

FOUNDATION & PARKING BUFFER N.T.S.

curb

NOTE: The gravel and pond stones shed water away from the foundation of buildings towards a vegetated infiltration or conveyance, depending on site conditions. See 1/19 for conveyance swales and 2/19 for infiltration swales.

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Construction Details: Part III

1-2" soil

4" of 1/2" minus schist

6" of 3/4" crushed aggregate

12-18" of 3'4" crushed aggregate

4" crushed aggregate compacted subgrade

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

compacted subgrade

2" asphalt

compacted subgrade 2 21

ASPHALT N.T.S.

5 21

Due to the low-suitability of the site’s soils for natural-surface roads, strategically used asphalt will drastically help reduce erosion. Asphalt is also used to distinguish between roads and parking that is permanently designated for vehicles.

PEDESTRIAN-ONLY SCHIST PATH (SIDEWALK PLOW SAFE) N.T.S.

NOTE: Compacted half-inch minus schist is a natural material that provides a sturdy base that can take freezing and thawing. The four-inch aggregate base is optional; use for paths that need to support a small tractor plow for snow removal.

20" wide goshen stairs

2-3" pavers with sand swept joints 2" asphalt concrete base

4" overlap

3/4" bituminous setting bed

3/4" crushed aggregate

PAVERS ON ASPHALT N.T.S.

NOTE: These pavers are for heavy application. Pavers on asphalt may be used to bear the weight of large vehicles, yet still signify to drivers that they are entering a pedestrian-centric space.

PLAN

min 48"

compacted subgrade 6 21

reinforced turf P

6"

3% cross slope

3" 6" of 1/2" minus schist

STONE STAIRS N.T.S.

NOTE: Stone stairs shed water to the landings, which shed water to one side. Each step overlaps four inches for increased stability to allow for freeze and thaw.

*Not for construction. These drawings are part of a student project and they are not based on a legal survey.

12-18"

5-15% slope

non-woven geotextile

compacted subgrade 3 21

NOTE: Reinforced turf is to be used for designated temporary overflow parking areas, which may otherwise serve as space for gathering. Temporary parking areas can be defined by benches which can be removed when needed (e.g., move-in days).

16" tread 6” riser

1% slope

REINFORCED TURF N.T.S.

18"

temporary parking spot P

road (asphalt)

2% neoprene tack coat under pavers

6" wide curb

8 21

OUTDOOR MOVABLE BENCH bench staked down N.T.S. NOTE: Outdoor removable benches may be used to define overflow parking areas by creating a temporary barrier to keep cars from driving on the reinforced turf (see 8/21).

9 21

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS: PART III

seal (if required)

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

seeded grass

21/23

Type

Height

Width

Sun/Shade

Shadblow

Amelanchier spp.

Shrub/Small Tree

15'-20'

15'

Part Shade

Witch Hazel

Hamamelis vernalis

Shrub

15'

10'

Part Shade

Alternateleaf Dogwood Cornus alternifolia Deschampsia Tufted Hairgrass caespitosa

Tree/Deciduous

25'

20'

Part Shade

Warm Season Grass

2'

3'

Sun/Part Shade Sun/Part Shade Part Sun/Part Shade Part Sun/Part Shade

Scientific Name

Type

Height Width

Sun/Shade

Soil/Wet or Dry

NOTES

Shadblow

Amelanchier spp.

Shrub/Small Tree

15'-20'

15'

Part Shade

Tolerant

Blooms white in early spring.

Blooms white in early spring.

Red-Twig Dogwood

Cornus sericea

Shrub

8'

10'

Sun/Part Shade

Moist/Tolerant

Suckering habit reduces soil erosion risk.

Rusty blooms in mid-winter.

Potentilla

Potentilla fruticosa

Shrub

3'

4'

Sun

Well Drained

Cut back every three to four years.

Big Bluestem Purple Love Grass

Andropogon gerardii

Warm Season Grass

5'

4'

Sun

Moist/Tolerant

Blooms silvery pink September.

Eragrostis spectabilis

Warm Season Grass

1.5'

2'

Sun

Drought Tolerant/Dry Blooms in July-August.

2'

2'

Drought Tolerant/Dry Blooms late summer to fall.

2'

3'

Sun Part Sun/Part Shade

Sandy

Soil/Wet or Dry NOTES

Tolerant Moist/Well Drained Moist/Well Drained Moist/Well Drained

Blooms pink and silver JulySeptember

Moist/Well Drained

Red blooms in mid-late summer

Tolerant

No mowing neccesary.

Cardinalflower

Lobelia cardinalis

Perennial

3'

3'

Pennsylvania Sedge

Sedge

10"

8"

Fern

2'

3'

Blueberry

Carex pensylvanica Dennstaedtia punctilobula Vaccinium corymbosum

Shrub

To 6'

To 8'

Sun/Part Shade

Sandy Moist/Wet/Well Drained

Red-Twig Dogwood

Cornus sericea

Shrub

8'

10'

Sun/Part Shade

Moist/Tolerant

Great fall color; disease and insect resistant Suckering habit reduces soil erosion risk.

Big Bluestem

Andropogon gerardii Warm Season Grass

5'

4'

Sun

Flowering Dogwood

Cornus kousa

Small Tree

12'-20'

15'

Sun/Part Shade

Moist/Tolerant Moist/Well Drained

Blooms silvery pink September.

Blooms spring. Threatened in Vermont.

Pussy Willow

Salix caprea

Shrub

6'-12'

8'

Sun/Shade

Wet/Moist

Blooms early spring

Hay Scented Fern

Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium Warm Season Grass Hay-Scented Dennstaedtia Fern punctilobula Fern Yellow Birch

Betula alleghaniensis

Tree

70'

80'

Sun/PartShade

Moist/Tolerant

Apple Tree

Malus

Fruit Tree

20'

25'

Sun/Part Sun

Well Drained

NOTES

GRASS

TREE ON SLOPE

TREE

Top of rootball should be level with soil. Keep soil and mulch away from root flare. Rootball should be placed on unloosened native soil.

3” Mulch

Roots Scratched out of Rootball

Backfill with amended Soil: 75% Native, 25% Organic Material

SHRUB

SHRUB ON HILL Original Slope

Original Slope

Backfill with amended Soil: 75% Native, 25% Organic Material

3” of Mulch Mulch Berm

Backfill with amended Soil: 75%Native, 25% Organic Material

3” of Mulch

Loosened Native Soil Root Flare

Root Flare

Water Basin

3” of Mulch Loosened Native Soil

3” Mulch

Root Flare

Roots Scratched out of Rootball

Roots Scratched out of Rootball

Water Basin

*Not for construction. These drawings are part of a student project and they are not based on a legal survey.

Root Flare Water Basin

Mulch Berm Backfill with amended Soil: 75%Native, 25% Organic Material Loosened Native Soil Water Basin

Loosened Native Soil

Blooms spring. No pruning neccesary.

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Scientific Name

Common Name

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Common Name

UPPER MEADOWS/DRY SOIL

Roots Scratched out of Rootball

Backfill with amended Soil: 75%Native, 25% Organic Material Roots Scratched out of Rootball

PLANTTING SCHEDULE & DETAILS

LOWER WETLANDS/MOIST SOIL

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Planting Schedule & Details

22/23

Abigail Elwood and Nelle Ward Conway School of Landscape Design § Spring 2014 Graduate Program in Ecological Landscape Design 332 S. Deerfield Road § PO Box 179 § Conway, MA 01341 www.csld.edu​

Preliminary Cost Estimates Low Cost High Cost Low Subtotal

SY CY LS LS LS

150 1300 1 1 1

$18 $22 $10 $12 $200 $400 to be determined $1,200 $1,600

SITE IMPROVEMENTS Rough grading Fill Stone retaining/seating walls Boulder walls Stone steps/curbing Wood pedestrian bridge Wood reinforced vehicluar/pedestrian bridge Road trench grates Culverts Detention pond Creek boulders Pond stone Crushed aggregate Swales Riprap Asphalt-roads Asphalt-roads (new construction) Compacted aggregate (vehicular) Compacted aggregate (pedestrian) Pavers-vehicular/pedestrian Reinforced turf Benches-wood (dry embed) Dry creek

SF CY SFF SFF SF SF LS EA EA LS SF Ton Ton CY CY SF SF SF SF SF SF EA CY

12000 1800 1330 1300 550 300 1 6 4 1 650 70 250 300 35 22000 8000 9400 3700 6800 8600 12 85

$0.35 $8 $50 $30 $55 $55 $20,000 $1,500 $700 $14,000 $25 $50 $35 $15 $30 $3.50 $5 $4 $2 $8 $10 $800 $35

LANDSCAPING Seeding/soil striation Vegetation-trees Vegetation-shrubs Vegetation-grass/groundcover Compost Bark mulch

AC EA EA SF CY CY

0.4 13 100 8000 60 50

4,000 $600 $70 $4 $35 $35

$2,700 $13,000 $200

$3,300 $15,600 $400

$1,200

$1,600

$0.50 $10 $60 $40 $80 $70 $25,000 $2,000 $1,000 $22,000 $40 $60 $40 $20 $40 $5.00 $7 $6 $4 $10 $12 $1,500 $40

$4,200 $14,400 $66,500 $39,000 $30,250 $16,500 $20,000 $9,000 $2,800 $14,000 $16,250 $3,500 $8,750 $4,500 $1,050 $77,000 $40,000 $37,600 $7,400 $54,400 $86,000 $9,600 $2,975

$6,000 $18,000 $79,800 $52,000 $44,000 $21,000 $25,000 $12,000 $4,000 $22,000 $26,000 $4,200 $10,000 $6,000 $1,400 $110,000 $56,000 $56,400 $14,800 $68,000 $103,200 $18,000 $3,400

$6,000 $900 $110 $12 $50 $50

$1,600 $7,800 $7,000 $32,000 $2,100 $1,750

$2,400 $11,700 $11,000 $96,000 $3,000 $2,500

$635,025 $38,102 $673,127

$908,700 $54,522 $963,222

1% 2% 3% 5% 15% 25% to be determined

$6,350 $19,051 $95,254

$18,174 $45,435 $227,175

10%

$63,503

$136,305

$857,284

$1,390,311

SUBTOTAL TAXES @6% SUBTOTAL Construction Surveying Mobilization Design/Administration Development fees Construction observation Contingency TOTAL COST

High Subtotal

15%

2582 South Road Marlboro, VT 05344

Quantity

COST ESTIMATE

Unit

Marlboro College Campus Core Redesign

Item DEMOLITION Asphalt removal and disposal Subgrade removal and disposal Utility pole removal Utility realignment Clearing and grubbing

*Final costs to be determined after final construction documents are completed

23/23