Woven Roots Farm Master Plan - Spring 2017

W oven R oots F arm A M aster P lan T yringham , MA

D evan A rnold and J ason H urd T he C onway S chool S pring 2017

I ndex P roject O verview ..............................3

E xisting C onditions ............................4

C ontext ...........................................5

Geology & Soils..............................................................5 Watershed & Major Roads.............................................6 Land Use Patterns.........................................................7 Core Habitat & Rare Species.........................................8

S ite A nalysis ......................................9

Slopes & Drainage.........................................................9 Access & Circulation....................................................10 Character, Use, & Views..............................................11 Ecological Zones..........................................................12 Assets & Constraints....................................................13

D esign A lternatives ..........................14

Preliminary Alternatives...............................................14 Revised Designs..........................................................15 Recommended Design................................................16 Design Details..............................................................17

A ppendix ..........................................18

Precedent.....................................................................18

Construction Details.....................................................19

Planting Recommendations.........................................20

Plant Palette.................................................................21

Carrot bunches prepped and ready for CSA pickup day.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton, MA 01027 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

P roject O verview

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Woven Roots Farm supports a community. The farm’s stakeholders include: • The Salinetti family • Extended family • Employees • 80 CSA member families • Volunteers and work/trade • Neighbors and friends The farm’s products are grown using strict, regenerative farming practices that enhance the soil for plants, microbes, insects, and animals. Woven Roots establishes permanent crop beds with 12 compacted aisles to discourage weed production and 30 handcultivated rows that allow seeds and seedlings to thrive in nutrientrich soil.

Throughout the season, the farm uses rich, local compost, cover crops, tender care, and no machinery. Beds are aerated by hand at each planting using a broad fork. Compost is spread using 5-gallon buckets and an iron rake. A light application of Massachusetts-based crab shell and/or organic alfalfa meal is then cast. Finally, the amendments are incorporated into the surface area by hand using an iron rake.

The farm’s regenerative farming practices ensure good soil structure through minimal disturbance. Better soil structure means more homes for microorganisms, animals, and insects while providing an optimal location for plant roots to grow. Water and nutrients percolate through with ease, creating an excellent environment for nutrient-dense crops.

The Salinettis gather some seed on-site each year, purchasing the rest from northeast seed companies and cooperatives, ensuring plants are adapted to growing in the region while at the same time helping to support the regional economy.

Woven Roots offers top-quality, delicious produce and takes pride in supporting local, sustainable farming.

P roject G oals

Woven Roots Farm is dedicated to the betterment and sustainment of the community and landscape through ecologically mindful food production and education. The farm’s practices aim to: • Enrich the vulnerable and valuable ecological neighborhood • Educate people about healthy ecological systems • Honor and steward the land This project aims to enhance the farm’s ecological functioning while supporting the Salinetti family’s vision of a multi-purpose farm supporting agriculture, hands-on education, and community.

Specific client requests include: • Recommend solutions for drainage and erosion issues.

• Improve pedestrian and vehicular traffic flow, particularly in visitor areas.

• Balance private and community space while maintaining desired views.

• Site: ¤¤Parking for 15-25 vehicles ¤¤Farm buildings (barn, root cellar) ¤¤Teaching areas ¤¤Outdoor kitchen ¤¤Community gathering spaces ¤¤Renewable Energy (PV,wind)

A display on the farmhouse’s front porch.

Looking southeast from the production fields.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

A C ommunity F arm

The Salinettis are a farming family with a vision.

P roject O verview

Pete and Jen Salinetti own Woven Roots Farm, a community supported agriculture (CSA) operation feeding eighty families in and around the Tyringham Valley in addition to doing wholesale production for several local groceries. They live with their two children on a 4.6-acre property in Tyringham, MA, and are leasingto-own an adjacent 5-acre field for added production space.

The Salinettis have farmed together for seventeen years, developed a community-centered business approach, and embraced an innovative no-till cropping system centered around a system of thirty-inch-wide permanent production beds. Woven Roots Farm hand-cultivates each production bed, and uses no chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or herbicides.

Woven Roots Farm

C lients

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180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton, MA 01027 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

E xisting C onditions

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

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Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

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E xisting C onditions

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Woven Roots Farm

Woven Roots farm is located in Tyringham, Massachusetts off of McCarty Road, which forms the northern border of the site. The southern edge is delineated by an unnamed stream flowing from the Steadman Pond Conservation Area. The total site has an area of 9.6 acres and is composed of 2 parcels. The western parcel is 5 acres in area, and is leased from the northern neighbor. This parcel contains the high point of the farm at an elevation of approximately 1,170 feet. The dominant features of this parcel are the no-till production beds. The eastern parcel, roughly 4.6 acres, is owned outright by Pete and Jen, and contains the farmhouse, two production greenhouses, 3 crop beds, a small orchard, and an additional greenhouse that serves as the CSA pick-up area, toolshed, workshop, and propagation house. Woven Roots Farm is a Community Supported farm with weekly Saturday morning on-the-farm-pick-ups that provide fresh produce to 80 families.

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View from backyard backyard looking looking north. north.

4/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

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The town of Tyringham is not typically a place associated with prime soils, as much of the soil is shallow and extremely rocky.

However, there is a band of sweet, rich, deep, and minimally rocky soils which runs through the Tyringham Valley and along some of its uplands. These soils have been formally classified by the state for their chemical and structural components which make them ideally suited for sustaining yields in most typical cropping systems. The high quality of these prime agricultural soils on the farm helps support a rich diversity of plant species and makes notill farming techniques easier to implement because the natural fertility and structure of the soil reduces the need for inputs and typical cultivation practices.

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Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

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The specific soil series that has been deemed desirable for farming operations is the Pittsfield Loam Series. This series is derived from parent material that is coarse and loamy in texture, and was formed as a result of eolian (moved by wind) deposits overlaying calcareous limestone till. The top horizon of the soil profile is a homogeneous plow horizon (Ap horizon) and is on average around nine inches in depth, and loamy in texture.

Underlying the plow horizon is the subsoil (B horizon) layer that extends an additional 23 inches in depth and has a fine sandy loam texture. The parent material (C horizon) mentioned earlier extends down another 32 inches past the B horizon, and has a gravely loam texture. These qualities in combination give the soil overall a tendency to be well draining, with more than 80 inches to the water table and more than 80 inches to any sort of restrictive layer. The organic matter content for this particular soil averages approximately 4%. Organic matter is an important component of soil structure and health, and a value of 4% is a moderate level.

With the regular removal of organic matter in the form of crops, it is likely that additional organic matter will be needed to maintain healthy soils.

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Woven Roots Farm

The town of Tyringham is a rich mosaic of different rock types that formed over millenia through various processes. The project site, situated on the southern uplands of the Tyringham Valley, is predominately classified under the mafic lithological group, and is underlain by a basement of gneiss rock. The mafic rocks are typically rich in silica minerals, and are formed from cooled magmas. They tend to be high in heavy elements such as iron and magnesium. The mafic classification is important because its chemical composition has a high calcium and magnesium to sodium ratio tending to yield somewhat alkaline, rich soils. These soils are highly productive, and often support rare endemic flora, making them of high value both for agricultural endeavors, and from an ecological perspective. The mafic rocks underlying the farm have in part contributed to the formation of rich soils which have been officially designated by the state as prime agricultural soils.

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5/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

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The property sits mid-slope on the Hop Brook watershed’s western side. The tensquare-mile valley has abundant water resources and substantial slope. Spring houses, ponds, and wetlands are abundant throughout the valley. The valley floor sits at an elevation of about 800 feet above sea level. The surrounding hills rise to between 1,000 and 2,000 feet. Hop Brook flows northwest before emptying into the Housatonic.

Jerusalem Road traverses along the escarpment on the south side of the valley.

Notable peaks rising above this side of the valley include Sky Hill, Beartown Mountain, and Mount Wilcox, which are all part of the Beartown State Forest just south of the valley. To the north lies Mount Baldy and a plateau extending northward to Interstate 90. On this plateau lies Goose Pond; below this plateau, Main Road runs parallel to Jerusalem Road on the valley’s northern side. Several local roads are closed throughout the winter due to steepness.

Woven Roots Farm’s mid-slope-position in the watershed means the farm is affected by neighboring land use upstream. Decisions made on the farm, in turn, affect water quality further downstream. Thus protecting and enhancing the site’s ecological function can help contribute to higher water quality in Hop Brook and the Housatonic River. As part of their mission and vision Woven Roots Farm already employs many best practices that limit polluted runoff and toxins from entering the water cycle. They never add chemical fertilizers or pesticides to their fields. By not tilling and thereby improving the soil structure, they are encouraging water to infiltrate into the soil rather than being shed quickly down stream.

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Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

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6/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

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Rock walls indicate historic agricultural use.

Rock walls indicate historic agricultural use.

Rock walls indicate historic agricultural use.

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The Tyringham Valley reflects Berkshire County’s larger historic land use patterns. Most of the town is under forest cover, while the valley bottom is mostly crop fields, pasture, and wetlands.

More commercial and residential development lie northwest in the adjacent town of Lee. Woven Roots Farm sits along the interface of forested uplands and more open land down slope.

Downtown Tyringham is situated at the intersection of Jerusalem Road and Main Road in the southeastern portion of the valley.

The valley is a popular hiking destination because it is crossed by the Appalachian Trail.

Woven Roots’ location gives it the potential to bridge the gap between production and ecological function. Tyringham has a long M history of agricultural production, much of which was implemented ai at the expense of the local ecosystems with land clear cut, n and soil ruthlessly tilled year after year. Woven Roots could serve as a model for other local farms striving for sustainability, demonstrating how to incorporate ecological functions into cropping plans toWoven support biodiversity, healthy Roots Farmsoil structure, and Woven Roots Farm communities.

L and U se P atterns

L and U se P atterns

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

Rock walls indicate historic agricultural use.

7/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

C ore H abitat & R are S pecies

Wetland Core: Includes the most intact wetlands within less developed landscapes,generally with intact upland buffers, little fragmentation, and minimal disturbance by other stressors associated with roads and development.

These areas are most likely to support critical wetland functions such as regulating hydrological processes and providing habitat and are also most likely to maintain these functions into the future.

Unnamed Stream

Unnamed Stream

Aquatic Core: Includes core habitat for fish and other aquatic Species of Conservation Concern. These blocks link the areas of wetland core to one another.

Species of Conservation Concern designations are provided to specific habitats for rare and threatened species, and in Tyringham include 3 birds, 1 reptile, 1 amphibian, 1 fish, 1 insect, and 3 plant species. In order to protect the rare species from poaching and collecting the specific identities of rare species within an area are not available to the public.

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Unnamed Stream

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

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Forest Core: Includes large, intact forests that are least impacted by roads and development and provide critical “forest interior� habitat for numerous woodland species.

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Core Habitat blocks contain sub-areas associated with specific types of habitats. The large core block found in Tyringham is composed of four different core components including:

Woven Roots Farm

180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

Street,

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A broad strokes method for evaluating the ecological value or sensitivity of an area is to look for the Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program (NHESP) designated core habitat areas. These areas provide habitat for rare and threatened species of assorted taxa that have been designated as being of particular conservation concern and interest. A large portion of the Tyringham Valley is designated as Core Habitat, and the uplands which bound the valley are designated as Critical Natural Habitat, a designation which denotes its function in buffering and supporting the Core Habitat. Woven Roots Farm is located upstream of a large block of core habitat. The unnamed stream to the south of the property drains directly into this sensitive core area, which means that decisions made on the farm could affect the health and of downstream populations of rare and endangered species.

8/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Easthampton, Street, 180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

To Hop Brook

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Drainage Flow High Point Drainage Flow High Point High Point Low Point Low Point Low Point Erosion Erosion Erosion

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

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Erosion around hoop house.

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

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Erosion along the driveway and access loop appears related to road placement and surficial water flow. These roads run nearly perpendicular to contour at slopes of 4% and 6% respectively. The perpendicular placement speeds up surficial water flow. Higher water speeds along with less vegetation and more compaction in these areas means increased erosion and nutrient loss.

Erosion in the crop beds and around the hoop houses seems influenced by the springs rather than by surface flow. These springs may indicate the presence of an artesian aquifer nearby. These confined underground aquifers are under hydrostatic pressure forcing springs to erupt along the fault line below the piezometric surface. Geo-spatial datalayers show no information for aquifers nearby, however residents could track Erosion inusing cropa piezometer. bed. annual underground water patterns Artesian springs are more likely to erupt in areas with less vegetation and more soil disturbance. This means it’s important to minimize soil disturbance and maximize soil-stabilizing vegetation throughout the property’s middle third, particularly in early Spring. Water can be slowed, spread, and infiltrated on site using strategies like swales, surface cross drains, detention basins, and small ponds. In areas where soil disturbance is higher (e.g. production beds), a smaller hand-held well can help dry out wet areas while using the extra water to irrigate crops.

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The site sits on the southwestern slope of a ridge.

Higher elevations and steeper slopes enclose the site to the north, south, and west. Steeper slopes to lower elevations across McCarty Road drop away eastward into forest.

Gentle (<10%), south- & southeast-facing slopes cover most of the site with some areas of moderate slope (>10% ) on the leased property in the northwest and a small band of steep slope (>15%) just south of the farmhouse. From the site’s high point (a small hilltop on the leased property in the northwest) water drains generally south across the site to a mostly perennial stream and then east before leaving the site via a culvert at McCarty Road in the property’s southeast corner.

During rain events water sheds down the driveway and primary access loop at higher volume and speed.

There are signs of erosion along the driveway, the primary access loop, and around all three existing hoop houses. Several seasonal springs reportedly erupt regularly across the site’s middle third, creating erosion and pooling in production beds and all three hoop houses. These springs remain active through the spring, tapering off by June.

I mplications

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O bservations

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

S lopes & D rainage

To Hop Brook 9/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

I mplications

The site’s parking constraints and entrance configuration make CSA pickup days and larger community gatherings difficult.

A higher volume of cars without clearly designated parking or pedestrian paths often means confusion, congestion, and safety concerns at the site’s entrance.

The driveway and primary access loop’s placement perpendicular to contour contributes to erosion at the entrance and along most of the access loop’s length. Fixing erosion at these areas means either adjusting the current driveway and loop configurations or finding ways to mitigate erosion with the existing access layout.

Fewer designated pathways leading south leads to less regular usage in the property’s southern third. The Salinetti’s report a desire to open more of the property’s southern third for public educational activities which may require more designated paths.

MA 01027 www.csld.edu Easthampton,

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Parking for ten along driveway..

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12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

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180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

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Rivulets forming along access loop.

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Streamside bench logs. and mushroom and mushroom logs.

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

Visitors access the site via McCarty Road, a quiet rural road running northwest to southeast terminating at its intersection with Monterey Road. McCarty Road also provides access to the town transfer station, so traffic is reportedly heavier on Saturdays when local transfer station hours coincide with Woven Roots’ CSA pickup hours. Visitors turn into the driveway upon arrival and are greeted by a farmhouse, three hoop houses, and open fields painted against a forested ridge line backdrop.

The existing twelve-foot-wide gravel driveway extends southwest down slope toward the blue two-story farmhouse with a red metal roof. A materials storage depot and hoop house sit along the driveway’s eastern side. There is space to park 10-15 vehicles along the western side of the driveway, although spaces are not clearly designated. Two somewhat ambiguous residential parking spaces sit at the driveway’s southern end.

Pedestrians and farm vehicles share an unpaved access loop extending northwest from the site’s entrance; there are signs of erosion along most of its length worsening where the loop intersects with the driveway. The access loop forks just north of the orchard sending one branch south and west while the other branch continues north along the leased property boundary. Both branches meet again on the northwest side of the production beds.

Pedestrians (typically members of the family) and vehicles access the site’s southern third by traversing mowed lawn either east or west of the farmhouse. Bee hives sit just west of the farmhouse.

Visitors continue down a somewhat steep bank leveling out just south of the farmhouse. The Salinetti family reports enjoying winter sledding on the eastern-most side of this embankment.

The site slopes gently toward a small, perennial stream along its southern boundary. A stream side bench sits under the forest canopy in the property’s southwest corner, where residents use the shade to grow mushrooms in inoculated logs.

Woven Roots Farm

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A ccess & C irculation

A ccess & C irculation

Streamside bench and mushroom logs.

10/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

C haracter , U se & V iews

MA 01027 www.csld.edu Street,

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Looking southeast across a crop bed.

Looking southeast bed.

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Looking southeast across a crop bed.

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Looking southeast across a crop bed.

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Looking north from the backyard.

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

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Looking southwest down the driveway. .

Looking north from the backyard.

Looking southwest Backyard Backyard down the driveway. .

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Looking west from the farmhouse.

W estern V iewshed

A desirable view to the west helps shape the site’s character and visitors’ experience. All visitors look west immediately upon entering the site. Pete Salinetti greatly enjoys the view from the farmhouse’s western porch and kitchen window. This view is integral to the site’s entrance experience and no tall vegetation or structures should be sited within the western viewshed.

C haracter , U se , & V iews

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Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

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The site feels largely open and inviting, with more opportunities for privacy away from the busy entrance. The site can be characterized by three zones: • The farm hub is the heart of all the action on site; it is the busy, public center with outdoor seating but little indoor community space.

• The site’s open fields to the northwest are quiet and removed, but exposed & windy.

• The backyard retreat is wetter, lower in elevation, mostly open with views in, and shaded by the forest to the south. The forest provides shade, relaxation, and places to explore along the stream.

Increased activity at the farm hub means decreased privacy for residents at the farmhouse. The farmhouse living room reportedly doubles as teaching space and indoor community space when necessary.

Depending upon how much private space the residents need, the backyard retreat could give up some much needed space for teaching.

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Primary uses of the site include residential, teaching, retail, community gathering, production, yard, wetland, parking, and materials storage. Most of the site’s northern half is used for crop production including a variety of annual vegetables, berries, and flowers. Most of the site’s southern half is mowed lawn or meadow dotted with trees. The site’s extreme southern edge is managed as forest. Three materials depots are distributed evenly along the site’s McCarty Road front.

Several uses converge near the site’s entrance just northeast of the farmhouse. In this area, residential space meets community gathering space, teaching space, public parking, retail space, production, and storage. The Salinetti’s want more balance between private and community space.

The concentrated node of use near the site’s entrance creates several issues. The Salinettis report not having enough public parking and community space during CSA pickup times. They report not having enough storage space for materials and equipment, or residential privacy for their family.

The area just northwest of the farmhouse is too wet for annual production, so the Salinettis mow it to preserve the farmhouse’s western viewshed and give their son Diago a summer job.

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Areas visible from the farmhouse’s western porch shown in light green.

11/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Easthampton, 180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

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Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

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Combined with all-day sun and well-draining, nutrient rich soils, the lack of spring issues makes the drier upland the most appropriate location on site for annual crops.

Dense plantings or taller structures in the site’s northwest corner could help guard vulnerable crops while adding more diverse microclimates on site.

The spring issues in the wetter lowland means Woven Roots will need to consider mitigation or adaptation strategies such as vegetated buffers, berms, swales, and surface cross drains around hoop houses and production beds in this area.

The riparian zone acts as a large sponge for all the site’s runoff. The riparian zone also provides the site’s only continuous connection to the ecologically rich, 73-acre Steadman Pond Conservation Area. Enhancing this buffer can help prevent negative consequences downstream, while extending forest habitat into Looking east to the property.

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The site squeezes two bands of drier and wetter terrain between existing windbreaks and a habitat-rich riparian zone: The drier upland contains around 80% of the farm’s production beds nestled amongst the mixture of forbs, grasses, legumes, and wildflowers of the open fields.

Residents and farm employees report no spring or erosion issues happening within the upland.

Existing windbreaks of sugar maples line McCarty Road wrapping westward to enclose the site’s northern boundary. These windbreaks leave several unprotected gaps and provide little protection against stronger, colder winds gusting over the ridge line from the northwest.

The wetter lowland includes most of the property’s southern half, consisting of mostly wet meadow transitioning to shrub and wooded swamp along the property’s southern edge. All reported spring eruptions with associated erosion issues have occurred in this area.

The riparian buffer zone provides valuable ecosystem services for the site. This heavily vegetated area contains species commonly found in the lower elevations of mixed mesophytic forests such as yellow birch, hemlock, white pine, American beech; it is the last place where nutrients can sink and water can infiltrate before heading off-site.

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MA 01027 www.csld.edu

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Windbreak Looking south across the drier upland.

Windbreak 3 south across the drier upland.

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Windbreak Windbreak Looking south across the drier upland.

Windbreak Looking south across the drier upland.

Looking south across the drier upland.

12/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Prime agricultural soils at Woven Roots Farm.

180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

Street,

50’ Front Setback

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Buried Utility Lines

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12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Wellhead, Septic, & Leach Field

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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

There are also several constraints on the site that create challenges to achieving the vision Pete, Jen, and all of their supporters have for Woven Roots Farm. These issues are both physical and regulatory; some of them can be altered or corrected while others have to be accommodated.

One of the most apparent challenges of this site is also one of its assets: water. The large amounts of water moving across this site erode beds and pathways, and result in cropping beds having to be abandoned. The consistent slopes on the site bring a fair amount of surface flow through the property during rain events, but there are additionally two major areas where artesian springs have breached the surface and created water issues independent of the surface flows. This water needs to be slowed and utilized as a resource rather than having it cause issues.

Strong, year-round northwest winds make portions of the site uncomfortable for people and affect crop plants. In the Winter the winds create recurring snow drifts.

Several legal constraints limit the possibilities for the site. Under the current terms of the lease for the five-acre lot west of the house, there can be no permanent structures constructed within that area. This limits the siting of a barn and/or other desired structures to the 4.6-acre parcel owned by Pete and Jen. On this lot there is a 50-foot front setback all along McCarty Road, which prevents the placement of any permanent structure without written approval from the Tyringham Select Board.

There is additionally a 10-foot side setback for nondwelling structures, and a 30-foot side setback for structures containing dwelling units. At the southern end of the property is a 100-foot regulatory stream buffer associated with the unnamed stream, which limits development in this area. Any new development must first be approved by the local conservation commission.

Existing infrastructure on the site poses challenges for siting structures and other design elements. The area east of the house contains the wellhead, the septic tank, and the leach-field requiring protection and limitations on development. The presence of the buried water and electrical lines that run north of the house towards the street constrains the placement of other landscape elements.

The band of steep slopes, which in places exceed 20%, in the area south of the house poses a challenge for siting structures or accommodating activities. The viewshed from the house west to the crop fields and beyond is an area where tall structures or plants have been prohibited at the request of the Salinettis.

Easthampton,

C onstraints

Woven Roots Farm

There are a number of assets that make this site the ideal location to raise and nurture crops, community, and a family. Many components work really well to help satisfy the Salinetti’s goals for the site.

First amongst these assets are the healthy, robust, prime agricultural soils beneath the site.

These soils enable Pete and Jen to employ no-till agriculture methods and to be better stewards of the land by maintaining and improving soil quality.

The abundance of water on the site enables the farming operation to thrive without heavily relying on irrigation. The large amount of water found on the site helps increase the resiliency of the operation as climate change increases the intensity and variability of weather events, particularly during sustained periods of drought.

The farm is also situated in a nearly perfect solar aspect with the major slopes on the site all facing south to southeast. This, in combination with the abundant exposure afforded by the thin tree cover on most of the site provides the conditions necessary to support an abundance of sunloving plant species.

On a broader level, one of the greatest assets that Woven Roots Farm benefits from is the tremendous community support of neighbors, friends, and customers. While conducting two community input sessions, it became clear that many people simply want to see this farm succeed. Similarly the tight-knit family itself is a powerful asset for the farm investing time, energy, and passion in the landscape.

30’ Side Setback

A ssets & C onstraints

A ssets

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

A ssets & C onstraints

13/23

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

P reliminary A lternatives

Just Accept It This alternative addresses and highlights the two biggest issues on the site (excess water and insufficient parking). The water is brought into focus through the inclusion of a detention pond just west of the home, and a series of smaller overflow water features that flow downslope from the pond. A large parking area in the northern end of the property accommodates a total of 40 visitors to the site and does so in a way that minimally interferes with the other activities occurring around the barn and community market areas.

Downward Flow

Just Accept It

P roduction P roduction C ommunity

C ommunity

and

M arketplace T eaching

P rivate R esidence

and

C ommunity

M arketplace

and

P rivate

P rivate

R esidence

Primary Parking Barn/Employee Housing/Root Cellar

Community Market

M arketplace

T eaching

R esidence

Barn/ Root Cellar

Community Market

Employee Parking

PYO Frtuit Trees/Bushes

Primary Parking

Overflow Parking

Barn/Root Cellar/Inside Gathering Primary Space Parking Community Market/ Outdoor Gathering Area

Overflow Parking

Education Area

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

T eaching

P roduction

P roduct

P reliminary A lternatives

Work What You Got

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Downward Flow This alternative focuses on the gravitational flow of goods and people through the site, using the slopes to bring produce from the fields down to the barn, and from the barn down to the community market. From the community market people are encouraged to flow downward into the eduction area. Parking is confined to a lot north of the house and the heart of the site gets pushed to the northwest, forming a linear band of activity from north to south, from the barn down to the educational area and amphitheater.

Woven Roots Farm

Work What You Got This is the most readily achievable design of the three, working as much as possible with the existing structures and circulation patterns. The community hub remains north of the house, and is separated out from the production hub by the inclusion of a separate barn west of the house. The outdoor gathering area is placed between the two hubs, creating a arc of activity from the barn to the community market.

180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

Street,

Easthampton,

These preliminary design alternatives aim to satisfy the project goals of mitigating the issues of erosion and excess water flowing through the site, improving pedestrian and vehicular circulation, and increasing the safety and availability of on-site parking while also increasing the amount of private/public separation between the bustling activities of the CSA pick-ups, educational gatherings, and farm production, and the more intimate setting of the family home.

Amphitheater Outdoor Gathering Area

Amphitheater

Pond

14/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Primary Parking

Berry Shrubs

Primary Parking

D

Overflow Parking #1

Retention Basin Berm Amphitheater

f

.,.

Family Parking

Overflow Parking

��t

Pollinator Meadow \;

C`

Teaching Yurt

l

Stairs with Plantings

D`

Prop.

House

,\ .• 'f"i<:'� ·.

�---;.._· ___

Shrubs and Perennials on Contour

Shrubs and Perennials on Contour

Stairs with Plantings

..

·,./-�·

,-,c.

��

Amphitheater

Overflow Parking #2

A`

Teaching Yurt

Barn/ Community Structure

Prop.

House

B` Overflow Parking #3

Vegetated Retention Basin

Pollinator Meadow

Section C-C`

Section A-A`

I!

I

i

I

I

Section B-B`

i

I

\

Section D-D`

Street, 180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

C

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Widened Driveway

A

French Drains

Pollinator Bed

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

B

Berry Shrubs

Retention Basin

Woven Roots Farm

Pedestrian Path

revised designs reflect an evolution of project goals which include aggregating the barn, CSA pick-up area, and indoor community gathering space into a single structure, de-emphasizing the need to accommodate as many as 40 vehicles, and keeping the cropping beds and production greenhouses on the eastern parcel, acknowledging the time and effort involved in establishing them.

The two designs are similar to one another in many regards, but differ in their placement of the barn structure and the flows and relationships that result from that placement. The first design, ‘Barn Above’, has the barn and community area farther north from the house, separating the community hub from the family residence. This makes the barn a main focal point from the road and provides a spectacular view to the west from the outdoor community gathering space. The second design, ‘Barn Below’, brings the community hub closer to the house, creating a more unified heart of the site with the community gathering area flowing across the driveway in a European style plaza that accommodates both pedestrians or occasional vehicles.

Both designs propose the same configuration of the southern area, including stairs with terraced plantings traversing the steep slopes down to the backyard and a yurt used for small, intimate, educational gatherings. Both designs include a series of shrubs and perennial plants installed on contour to stabilize the slopes south of the family home. The designs make minimal alterations to the existing conditions of the western five acres currently being leased. This area is the main hub of agricultural production, and was deemed to be a non-issue.

These two designs were presented at a community input session with Pete, Jen, their kids, and several key members of the community.

R evised A lternatives

Barn

The

Outdoor Gathering Area/Plaza

French Drains

Easthampton,

Barn Below

Barn Above Outdoor Gathering Area With Earthen Oven

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

R evised A lternatives

[3.arn.

15/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

C

A`

MA 01027 www.csld.edu Easthampton,

R ecommended D esign

A

B`

C`

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Woven Roots Farm

B

Street,

Overview

After the second community meeting, the two design alternatives were distilled into a single, unified design that aims to satisfy the project goals. The design incorporates elements of previous iterations, as well as some features not previously seen in earlier design options. The issues around erosion and excess water have been mitigated through the use of vegetated swales and berms, retention basins, surface cross drains made of crushed aggregate wrapped in geotextiles, and rolling dips along access roads. The primary parking for the site has been relocated to the area east of the driveway, and can now comfortably accommodate 15 vehicles, with an overflow parking area on reinforced turf to the west of the driveway accommodating an additional 10 vehicles. The barn has been combined with the CSA pick-up area and indoor gathering space and is located between the northern-most hoop house and the orchard, with an outdoor gathering area on the western side of the barn looking out to the cropping fields. The barn structure includes a roof-mounted photovoltaic array to create electrical energy on site. Smaller educational gatherings and events are held in the 25-foot diameter yurt south of house. By pushing the community gathering areas farther north on the property, a clearer distinction has been made between community space and private family space, with the educational areas being an intermediary between the two; a more intimate connection with the public. The ecological connectivity of the site as a whole has been increased through an increase in plant species diversity, increased habitat for insects and other small creatures, and a greater retention of water run-off on site.

180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

R ecommended D esign

16/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Vegetated Berm

Pedestrian Entrance

Shade Structure

Roof Mounted PV Array

Infiltration Basins

Overflow Parking Berm and Visual Screen

Pollinator Meadow

Backyard Pedestrian Pathway

Slope Stabilizing Shrubs

Amphitheater

Steps with Grass Landings and Terraced Plantings

Teaching Yurt

Open Slope

The backyard area is now accessed from the north of the property by means of a designated pathway, and a series of steps and landings to traverse the steep slopes found south of the house. The landings are mown grass, and at each of the series of steps is a raised terrace planting containing edible perennial species for convenient munching throughout the season as one traverses the landscape. Going across the slope are three bands of on-contour shrub plantings to help stabilize the steep slopes and create a visual separation between the community-focused northern end of the property and the more private southern end. Contained within the more intimate southern zone is also an educational destination, which is made up of a 25-foot-diameter yurt for indoor learning, and a stone amphitheater for outdoor educational experiences. The slopes to the southeast of the house have been left unplanted to preserve them for winter sledding.

MA 01027 www.csld.edu Street, 180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

Tractor Entrance

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Orchard

Propagation Greenhouse

Woven Roots Farm

Surface Drain in Rolling Dip

The heart of the community hub is the multi-use, 40â&#x20AC;&#x2122;x60â&#x20AC;&#x2122; barn structure located between the orchard and the production greenhouse. This structure houses farm tools and work space, CSA pick-ups, a walk-in cooler, and an indoor gathering space for community events. The main access to the barn is on the east side, with large double doors to accommodate the tractor, and a pedestrian entrance, highlighted by a trellis and prominent sign. The access loop has been regraded to form three rolling dips with gravel drains placed in the dips to prevent water from gaining enough velocity to cause erosion problems. Water taken off of the road is redirected into the orchard, and prevented from continuing downslope by a vegetated berm. The area west of the barn has been crafted into an outdoor gathering space with a spectacular view to the western crop beds and the Steadman Pond Conservation Area.

The primary parking on the site is east of the driveway in a double-loaded, graveled area that fits 15 vehicles. The lot is placed off contour to encourage runoff to flow in a southeast direction into a large, vegetated infiltration basin between the parking area and the propagation greenhouse east of the house. A vegetated berm with shrubs and medium sized perennial plants helps to visually screen the parking area from the house, while also helping to direct water flow into the infiltration basin. The overflow from the primary basin is directed through a swale into a second basin southeast of the prop house, which in turn overflows into the pollinator meadow and leach field.

Pedestrians exiting the parking lot are directed to cross the driveway via a raised crosswalk that helps to both slow and direct vehicular flow as well as helping break up the flow of water runoff coming down the driveway. A designated overflow parking area is located to the west of the driveway on reinforced turf.

Seating

Vegetated Berm

Earthen Oven

Pathway Raised Kitchen Garden

Outdoor Kitchen

Northwest of the house, just north of the western viewshed is a second outdoor gathering area that features an earthen oven and outdoor kitchen area with seating and a raised kitchen garden for culinary herbs and other cooking components. This area is located in close proximity to the house for easy access to cooking tools. Located along the main path between the house and the parking lot, this area becomes a secondary hub for smaller, more intimate gatherings of family and friends. The water moving through this portion of the landscape is directed to the west by means of a vegetated, slightly off-contour swale that moves and infiltrates water.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

D esign D etails

Community Hub

Primary Parking

Easthampton,

Parking Area Raised Crosswalk

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

D esign D etails

17/23

180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

Street,

Easthampton,

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

P recedent

2

Different garden plants can be successfully integrated into a berm and swale system to store water and obtain a yield.

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Pollinator meadow helps maintain healthy bee and other beneficial insect populations.

2 6 5

3

5

This stone amphitheater is built into an existing slope and provides a venue for educational lectures, or small group gatherings.

4

Solar panels are mounted on the roof of the barn to produce renewable energy on site for use on the farm.

Vegetated detention basins help store water on the landscape and provide habitat for wet-tolerant species.

6

Earthen ovens provide cooking

opportunities in beautiful outdoor locations.

1

P recedent

3

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

1

Woven Roots Farm

4

18/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

S wales Yurts are a simple and time tested small and temporary building style that owes its origin to the nomadic peoples of central Asia. They are low impact, relatively easy to build, and designed for efficiency in maximizing structural strength while minimizing the amount of materials used to create the structure.

and

Easthampton, 180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

B erms Swales and berms are a classic technique for redirecting and slowing the flow of water. Swales are dug to the desired depth and the soil is pushed downhill to create plantable berms. The swale can be vegetated or rocklined to prevent washout and erosion. The bottom of all swales should be sloped a minimum 2% toward the desired water flow direction.

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

D e - constructed Y urt

Rolling dips, or grade reversals, are a relatively low impact and low cost method for creating miniature watersheds along a roadway or path, preventing water from reaching velocities that would create erosion. This technique uses cut and fill to create small valleys and ridges with water being directed into the valleys and drained off the road surface.

Woven Roots Farm

One of the simplest ways to create a surface cross drain is to dig a trench, line it with geotextile or other non-woven fabric, fill it with crushed aggregate, and then wrap the rocks and backfill to prevent fine particulates from clogging the pore spaces between the stones. This creates a low maintenance drain that can carry water across contours and away from undesired areas and requires little maintenance. The bottom of all drains should be sloped a minimum 2% toward the desired water flow direction.

Street,

R olling D ip

C onstruction D etails

S imple S urface C ross D rains

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

C onstruction D etails

19/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

S wale & B asin B ottoms

Shrubs

Clethera alnifolia Summer Sweet Myrica gale Sweet Gale Sambucus nigra Elderberry Vaccinium corymbosum Blueberry Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry

Forbs

Acorus americanus Sweetflag Angelica atropurpurea Purple Agelica Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Chelone glabra Turtle Head Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Hibiscus moscheutos Swamp Rosemallow Iris versicolor Blueflag Iris Mimulus ringens Monkey Flower Nasturtium officinale Watercress Podophyllum peltatum May Apple Carex stricta Tussock Sedge Scirpus cyperinus Wool Grass Typha spp. Cattails

Herbs

Asclepias syriaca Asclepias tuberosa Echinacea purpurea Filipendula rubra

Graminoids

Bouteloua curtipendula

Common Milkweed Butterfly Weed Purple Coneflower Queen of the Prairie Sideoats Gramma

V ersatile S pecies for D ry wet , F ull to part sun

and

Trees and Shrubs

Morus rubra Mulberry Amelanchier canadensis Service Berry Aronia arbutifolia Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa Red Chokeberry Comptonia peregrina Sweet Fern Corylus americana Hazelnut Hippophae rhamnoides Sea-Buckthorn Hypericum perforatum St. Johnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wort Ribes spp. Currants, Gooseberries Spiraea tomentosa Steeple Bush

Forbs

Agastache nepatoides Giant Hyssop Allium cernuum Nodding Onion Baptisia australis False Blue Indigo Filipendula rubra Queen of the Prairie Mimulus ringens Monkey Flower Monarda spp.

Bee Balms Origanum vulgare Oregano Pycanthimum muticum Mountain Mint Rudbeckia triloba Three-Lobed Sage Salvia officinale Sage Symphytotrichum novae angliae New England Aster

Ground Cover

Fragaria virginiana Strawberry

P ollinator M eadow Forbs

Achillia miifolium Yarrow Agastache nepatoides Giant Hyssop Allium cernuum Nodding Onion Amsonia tabermnaemontana Eastern Bluestar Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Weed Baptisia australis False Blue Indigo Chelone glabra Turtle Head Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower Eutrochium spp.

Joe Pye Weed Filipendula rubra Queen of the Prairie Liatris spicata Blazing Star Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower Lobelia siphilitica Great Blue Lobelia Monarda spp. Bee Balms Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Pycanthimum muticum Mountain Mint Rudbeckia triloba Brown-Eyed Susan Symphytotrichum novi belgii New York Aster Symphytotrichum novae angliae New England Aster Vernonia noveboracensis NY Ironweed Veronicastrum virginicum Culverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Root

Graminoids

Andropogon gerardii Big Blue stem Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats Gramma Chasmanthium latifolium Northern Sea Oats Elymus virginicus Wild Rye Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass

MA 01027 www.csld.edu Easthampton,

New Jersey Tea Shrubby Cinquefoil

Street,

Ceanothus americana Dasiphora floribunda

180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

Shrubs

Allium cernuum Nodding Onion Allium tricoccum Ramps Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Weed Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Helianthus tuberosa Sunchokes Monarda spp.

Bee Balm Nasturtium officinale Watercress Pycanthimum muticum Mountain Mint Origanum vulgare Oregano Salvia officinale Sage Typha spp. Cattails

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Morus rubra Mulberry Pinus pumila Dwarf Siberian Pine Pyrus pyrifolia Asian Pear Amelanchier canadensis Service Berry Aronia arbutifolia Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa Red Chokeberry Corylus americana Hazelnut Elaeagnus multiflora Goumi Hippophae rhamnoides Sea-Buckthorn Lonicera edulis Honeyberry Prunus spp. Bush Cherries Ribes spp.

Currants, Gooseberries Rosa rugosa Beach Rose Rubus odoratus Purple Flowered Raspberry Sambucus nigra Elderberry Vaccinium corymbosum Blueberry Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry

Graminoids

D ry B erm T ops

N ut T rees & S hrubs

Woven Roots Farm

or

P lanting R ecommendations

F ruit

E dible H erbaceous S pecies

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

P lanting R ecommendations

20/23

3)

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

of Common Name

Height

Mullberry

60'

Width

Uses/Benefits

Light

Moisture

Edibleble Coppice

Full Sun-Shade Dry-Moist

Blooms

Easthampton,

Scientific Name

Other

Trees Chartreuse. Spring

Street,

Morus rubra

Dwarf Siberian pine

9'

16'

Edibleble

Full Sun

Dry-Moist

Early Summer

Asian pear

15-30'

10-25'

Edibleble Biomass

Full-Part Sun

Average-Moist

White. Spring

Var. Seuri and Ya Li are Zone 4 Hardy

Scientific Name

Common Name

Height

Width

Uses/Benefits

Light

Moisture

Blooms

Other

180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

Pinus pumila Pyrus pyrifolia

10-20'

5-10'

Edible

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

White. Spring

3-8'

3-6'

Edible,

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

White.Spring

Aronia melanocarpa

Red chokeberry

3-8'

3-6'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

White. Spring

Ceanothus americana

New Jersey tea

2-3'

2-3'

Tea, N-Fixer

Full-Part Sun

Dry

White. Mid Summer

Clethera alnifolia

Summer sweet

4-9'

4-12'

Ins.

Full-Part Sun

Moist-Saturated.

White. Mid Summer

Comptonia peregrina

Sweet fern

4'

4'

Tea, N-Fixer

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Green. Spring

Corylus americana

hazelnut

8-12'

8-12'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Green. Spring

To be used on berm tops

Rubus odoratus (Purple flowered raspberry

Dasiphora floribunda

Shrubby cinquefoil

3-4'

3-4'

Insectiary

Full Sun

Dry

Yellow. Mid-Late Summer

Elaeagnus multiflora

Goumi

6-8'

5'

Edibleble N-Fixer

Full Sun

Dry-Moist

White. Yellow. Spring-Early SummerSuckers

To be used on Berm tops

Hippophae rhamnoides

Sea-buckthorn

5-20'

5-20'

Edible, N-Fixer

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Yellow. Green. Spring

Can Spread

Hypericum perforatum

St. John's wort

2-4'

2-4'

Medicinal Insectiary

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Yellow. Early-Mid Summer

Spreads with Rhizomes

Lonicera edulis

Honeyberry

5'

5'

Edibleble

Full Sun

Moist

White. SLate Spring-Early Summer Need 2 varieties for pollination

2-5'

3-6'

N-Fixer

Full-Part Sun

Moist-Saturated

Green. Spring

Bush cherries

3-6'

3-6'

Edibleble

Full Sun

Dry-Moist

White. Spring

Ribes spp.

Currants, gooseberries

3-5'

3-5'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

White. Spring

Rosa rugosa

Beach rose

4-6'

4-8'

Edibleble

Full Sun

Dry-Moist

Pink. Mid Summer

Rubus odoratus

Purple flowered raspberry

5-7'

4-7'

Edibleble

Part Sun

Moist

Pink. Mid Summer

Sambucus nigra

Elderberry

5-10'

3-8'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Moist-Saturated

White. Early Summer

Spiraea tomentosa

Steeple bush

2-5'

2-5'

Insectiary

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Pink. Mid Summer

Vaccinium corymbosum

Blueberry

6-10'

4-8'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Moist-Saturated

White. Spring

Vaccinium macrocarpon

Cranberry

1'

1'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Moist-Saturated

White. Pink. Early Summer

Spreads readily

3)

Sweet gale

Prunus spp.

of

Myrica gale

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Serviceberry Black chokeberry

P lant P alette (1

Spiraea tomentosa (Steeple bush)

Amelanchier canadensis Aronia arbutifolia

Woven Roots Farm

Shrubs

Hippophae rhamnoides (Sea buckthorn)

Pinus pumila (Stone pine)

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

P lant P alette (1

Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea)

21/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Height

Width

Uses/Benefits

Light

Moisture

Blooms

Other Spreads from rhizomes

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

Common Name

3)

Easthampton,

Scientific Name

of

Herbs Sweetflag

2-3'

1'

Edibleble Medicinal

Full to Part Sun

Moist-saturated.

Green.Brown.White. Spring

Yarrow

2-3'

indef.

Medicinal Dynamic Accumulator Insectary

Full Sun

Dry-Moist

White. Summer

Agastache nepetoides

Giant hyssop

4-6'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

White. Mid Summer-Fall

Allium cernuum

Nodding onion

1-1.5'

8-10"

Edible Medicinal Insectary

Full to Part Sun

Dry-Moist

White.Pink. Late Spring

Allium tricoccum

Ramps

0.5-1'

1'

Edibleble

Shade

Moist

White. Late Summer

Amsonia tabernaemontana

Eastern bluestar

2-3'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Average-Moist

White. Blue Late Spring-Early Summer

Angelica atropurpurea

Purple Angelica

4-6'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Moist-saturated.

White. Mid Summer

short lived perennial, dies after setting seed

Apocynum cannabinum

Indian hemp

3-4'

2-3'

Insectary

Part Sun

Moist

White. Early Summer-Fall

Can be aggressive

Asclepias incarnata

Swamp milkweed

3-5'

2'

Edible Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Moist

Pink. Summer

Asclepias syriaca

Common milkweed

2-4'

1'

Edibleble Ins.

Full Sun

Dry-Average

Pink. Early-Mid Summer

To be used on berm tops

Asclepias tuberosa

Butterfly weed

1.5-2'

2'

Insectary

Full Sun

Dry-Average

Orange. Mid-Late Summer

To be used on berm tops

3-4'

3-4'

Ins.

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Blue. Early Summer

Spreads slowly with rhizomes

0.5-1'

1-1.5'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Moist-saturated.

Yellow. Spring

Good in swales

Carex stricta

Tussock sedge

2-3'

3-5'

Full-Part Sun

Moist-saturated.

Brown, Summer

Rhizomatous spreader

Clintonia borealis

Bluebead lily

0.5-1.5' 0.5-1'

Edibleble

Part-Full Shade

Average-Moist

Yellow. Early Summer

Chelone glabra

Turtlehead

2-4'

1-2'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Average-saturated.

White. Late Summer-Early Fall

Echinacea purpurea

Purple coneflower

2-3'

1.5-2'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Average

Purple. Mid-Late Summer

Eutrochium spp.

Joe Pye weed

4-6'

3-5'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Average-Moist

Purple. Mid-Late Summer

Eupatorium perfoliatum

Boneset

3-4'

2'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Moist-saturated.

White. Late Summer-Early Fall

Filipendula rubra

Queen of the prairie

3-5'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Pink. Mid Summer

tends to spread

Helianthus tuberosa

Sunchokes

6-12'

6-12'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Average-Moist

Yellow. Summer

Tends to Spread

Hibiscus moscheutos

Swamp rosemallow

3-7'

3-4'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Moist-saturated.

White.Pink. Late Summer

Needs warm microclimate Hardy to Zone 5.

Iris versicolor

Blue Flag iris

2-3'

2-3'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Moist-saturated.

Blue Late Spring-Early Summer

Hummingbirds love it

Liatris spicata

Blazing star

3-5'

2'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Average-Moist

Purple. Mid Summer-Early Fall

Lobelia cardinalis

Cardinal flower

2-4'

2'

Insectary Humming Bird

Full-Part Sun

Average-Moist

Red. Late Summer

Lobelia siphilitica

Great blue lobelia

2-3'

1-1.5'

Insectary Hummingbird

Full-Part Sun

Average-Moist

Blue. Late Summer

Mimulus ringens

Monkey flower

2-4'

Insectary Hummingbird

Full-Part Sun

Dry-saturated.

Purple. Earl-Late Summer

Monarda spp.

Bee balms

2-5'

2-3'

Tea. Insectary Hummingbird

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Purple. Pink. Red Mid-Late Summer

M. Didyma can spread readily

Nasturtium officinale

Watercress

1.5'

3'

Edibleble

Full Sun

Moist-saturated.

White. Summer

Listed as Invasive in CT and RI

Origanum vulgare

Oregano

2'

2'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Pink. Late Summer

Physostegia virginiana

Obedient plant

1.5-3'

1-2'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Ave-Moist

Pink. White. Mid Summer-Early Fall

Can spread readily

Pycnanthemum muticum

Mountain mint

2-3'

2'

Insectary

Full Sun-Shade

Dry-Moist

White.Pink. Late Summer

Can spread readily. Can repel mosquitos

Rudbeckia triloba

Three-lobed rudbeckia

2-3

1-1.5'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Yellow

Zone 5

Salvia officinale

Sage

1-3'

1-3'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Pink. Early Summer

Silphium perfoliatum

Cup plant

3-8'

3-5'

Insectary

Full Sun

Average-Moist

Yellow. Summer

Symphytum officinale

Comfrey

3-5'

3-5'

Dynamic Accumulators Insectary Medicinal

Full-Part Sun

Moist

Purple. EArly Summer

Symphyotrichum novi belgii

New York aster

3-5'

3'

Insectary

Full Sun

Average-Moist

Purple. Late Summer-Early Fall

Symphyotrichum novae angliae

New England aster

4-6'

2-3'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Dry-Moist

Purple. Late Summer-Early Fall

Typha spp.

Cattails

4-8'

Edibleble

Full-Part Sun

Moist-saturated.

Brn. Summer

Vernonia noveboracensis

NY ironweed

4-7'

2-4'

Insectary

Full Sun

Dry-Moist

Purple. Late Summer-Early Fall

Veronicastrum virginicum

Culver's root

4-6'

2-4'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Moist

White. Late Summer

P lant P alette (2

Self Seeds readily

of

3)

needs well drained soils

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

False blue indigo Marsh marigold

Woven Roots Farm

Baptisia australis Caltha palustris

180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

Street,

Acorus americanus Achillea millefolium

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

P lant P alette (2

22/23 Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

MA 01027 www.csld.edu

3)

Scientific Name

Common Name

Height

Width

Uses/Benefits

Light

Moisture

Blooms

Other

Anemone canadensis

Canada anemone

1-1.5'

indef.

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Average-Moist

White. Late Spring-Early Summer

Robust and competitive

Asarum canadense

Wild ginger

0.5-1'

1-1.5'

Edibleble

Full-Part Shade

Average-Moist

Brn. Spring

Prefers acidic Soils

Fragaria virginiana

Strawberry

0.25-0.5' 0.5'

Edibleble

Full-Part Shade

Dry-Moist

White. Spring

Packera aurea

Golden groundsel

0.5-1'

1-1.5'

Ground cover

Full Sun-Shade

Average-Moist

Spring

Podophyllum peltatum

May apple

0.5-1.5'

1'

Edibleble

Part-Full Shade

Moist-saturated.

White. Late Spring

Fruit is toxic until ripe

Waldsteinia fragarioides

Barren strawberry

0.25-0.5' 0.5-1'

Ground Cover

Part-Full Shade

Dry-Moist

Yellow. Spring

Needs well drained soils

Zizia aurea

Golden Alexander

2-2.5'

3-4'

Insectary

Full-Part Sun

Average-Moist

Yellow. Early Summer

Scientific Name

Common Name

Height

Width

Uses/Benefits

Light

Moisture

Blooms

Other

Andropogon gerardii

Big bluestem

4-8'

4-5'

Insectary

Full Sun

Dry-Moist

Brown. Summer

Extensive root system, clumper

Bouteloua curtipendula

Sideoats gramma

1.5-2'

1.5-2'

Full Sun

Dry-Average

Brown. Mid Summer

To be used on berm tops

Chasmanthium latifolium

Northern sea oats

3'

2-3'

Part-Full Shade

Dry-Moist

Green. Early-Mid Summer

Will roam when happy

Elymus virginicus

Wild rye

2-3'

Part-Full Sun

Average-Moist

Green. Spring-Early Summer

Scirpus cyperinus

Wool grass

6'

3-5'

Full-Part Sun

Moist-saturated.

Brown. Summer

Sorghastrum nutans

Indiangrass

3-4'

2-3'

Full Sun

Dry-Moist

Brown. Late Summer-Fall

Readily self seeds

Scientific Name

Common Name

Height

Width

Uses/Benefits

Light

Moisture

Blooms

Other

Amphicarpaea bracteata

Ground nut

4-8'

indef.

Edibleble N-Fixer

Full-Part Sun

Moist

White. Pink. Late Summer-Fall

Apios americana

Hog peanut

1-3'

1-3'

Edibleble N-Fixer

Full Sun-Shade

Moist

Red. Pink. Purple. Mid-Late Summer

Easthampton,

of

Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass)

Waldsteinia fragariodes (Barren strawberry)

Chasmanthium latifolium (Northern sea oats)

Apios americana (Ground nut)

180 Pleasant 413-369-4044

P lant P alette (3

Vines

of

3)

12 McCarty Road Tyringham, MA

Woven Roots Farm

Grasses

Insectary

Street,

Ground Cover

Anemone canadensis (Canada anemone) Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Designers: Devan Arnold and Jason Hurd S pring 2017

P lant P alette (3

23/23