Botánica pirenaico-cantábrica

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THE DISTRIBUTION OF DIPLOID AND TETRAPLOID CYTOTYPES OF PLANTAGO MEDIA IN THE PYRENEES1 Peter VAN DIJK2

RESUMEN.—Las razas diploides y tetraploides de Plantago media muestran en el Pirineo una distribución parapátrica, la cual se relaciona sin duda con los factores ambientales. En esta nota se discute, como explicación más verosímil, la existencia de diferentes modelos de colonización —a fines del Pleistoceno— seguidos de exclusión por interacciones ecológicas y genéticas. RÉSUMÉ.—Les races diploTdes et tetraploides de Plantago media nous montrent dans les Pyrénées une distribution parapatrique que ron peut sans doute mettre en rapport avec les facteurs de l'environnement. Nous proposons ici comme une explication trés vraisemblable, l'existence —vers la fin du Pleistocéne— de différents modéles de colonisation suivis d'exclusion par interactions écologiques et génétiques. SUMMARY.—Diploid and tetraploid Plantago media have a parapatric distribution in the Pyrenees. This parapatry is unlikely to be caused by environmental factors. It is discussed that different colonization patterns at the end of the Pleistocene followed by exclusion due to ecological and genetic interactions is a more likely explanation.

INTRODUCTION

Polyploidy has played an important role in plant evolution. Many species exhibit intraspecific polyploidy and on the basis of chromosome numbers, it has been estimated that 47% of the Angiosperms are of polyploid origin (GRANT, 1981). Plantago media comprises two cytotypes: diploids (2n=2x=12) and tetraploids (2n=4x=24). Both cytotypes can cross-fertilize, but 3x hybrid seeds are aborted. Severa! lines of evidence indicate that 4x Plantago media is of autotetraploid origin (VAN DIJK & VAN DELDEN, in press): 1. strong morphological resemblance

1 Grassland Species Research Group Publication 169. 2 Institut voor Oecologisch Onderzoek. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Boterhoeksestraat 22. 6666GA, postbus 40. NL-6666 ZG Heteren.

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