Grammar in Context 1 / English in the World

Page 257

Lilly

LEDBETTER Read the following article. Pay special attention to the words in bold.

10.3

Men still earn more money than women in the United States. On average, for every dollar a man makes, a woman makes 79 cents. Even if a woman has the same amount of education, work experience, and skills as a man, she will earn 2% less.

all women. In 2009, Congress finally passed a law called the “Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act.” This law says that employees can report discrimination4 if they discover unfairness not just 180 days after the first paycheck, but 180 days after any paycheck.

Lilly Ledbetter started to work as a manager at a tire company in 1979. At that time, her boss told her a company rule: Employees must not discuss salary information with each other. Nineteen years later, a coworker told her that three men in similar positions made as much as 40 percent more than Ledbetter.

Ledbetter didn’t benefit from her fight. She received nothing from the company. But she said, “I'm just thrilled that this has finally passed and sends a ­message to the Supreme Court: You got it wrong.”

How could this happen? She was a good worker. In fact, one year she won the top performance award. She often worked 12-hour shifts1 as a night supervisor to earn overtime pay. She had a lot of expenses: house and car payments and college tuition for her kids. As a result of her lower salary all these years, her retirement benefits would be less. Ledbetter was angry.

2

shift: a period of paid work time to sue: to go to court to get money from someone who caused you damage or suffering 3 to give up: to stop doing something 4 discrimination: unfair treatment because of race, gender, or religion 1

She decided to fight back. She sued2 the company. The company moved her to a job lifting 80-pound tires. (She was 60 years old at the time.) Her case went all the way to the Supreme Court in 2006, but she lost. The Court said it was too late to sue. The limit is 180 days after the first paycheck. Ledbetter didn’t give up3. She explained to members of Congress how unequal pay affects

Lilly Ledbetter in front of the tire company she worked for

240

Unit 10 Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203 Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.


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INDEX

17min
pages 333-338

J Sentence Types

1min
page 328

GLOSSARY

7min
pages 329-332

I Infinitives

0
page 327

B Nonaction Verbs

0
page 316

A Summary of Verb Tenses

2min
page 315

H Verbs and Adjectives Followed by a Preposition

1min
page 326

FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING

3min
pages 313-314

UNIT SUMMARY

1min
page 309

12.3 Auxiliary Verbs with Too and Either

3min
pages 305-306

READING 3 Chimene Ntakarutimana: From Africa to America

1min
page 304

READING 2 1 Man, 7 Years, 21,000 Miles

1min
page 297

12.1 Verb Review—Uses

5min
pages 294-296

READING 1 Barrington Irving: Flying to Inspire

1min
page 293

READING 2 Doing Things Differently

2min
page 280

UNIT SUMMARY

1min
page 287

FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING

2min
pages 289-292

11.1 Comparatives and Superlatives—An Overview

1min
page 274

READING 1 Climbing Denali

1min
page 273

FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING

3min
pages 269-272

UNIT SUMMARY

0
page 267

10.6 Very and Too

1min
page 265

READING 2 Lilly Ledbetter

2min
page 257

READING 3 Michelle Obama

1min
page 264

READING 1 Helen Keller

1min
page 253

READING 3 Eat Less, Live Longer

1min
page 242

FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING

3min
pages 249-252

READING 2 The Importance of Water

1min
page 235

FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING

3min
pages 225-228

READING 4 The Difficult Return

1min
page 220

READING 3 Shopping Tips

1min
page 218

READING 1 Tired of Being Tired

1min
page 229

8.7 Modals and Phrasal Modals—Overview

1min
page 210

READING 2 Are Free Trials Really Free?

1min
page 209

READING 1 Shopping in the Digital Age

2min
page 201

READING 3 The Father of Modern Rocketry

1min
page 180

UNIT SUMMARY

1min
page 195

READING 3 Human Colony on Mars?

2min
page 162

FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING

3min
pages 167-170

READING 1 The Wright Brothers

1min
page 171

READING 2 Amazing Aviators

1min
page 174

READING 4 Sally Ride

1min
page 187

UNIT SUMMARY

1min
page 165

6.3 The Future with Be Going To—Forms

1min
page 158

READING 1 Choosing a Career

1min
page 153

READING 2 Disappearing Birds

2min
page 140

READING 3 Climate Change

1min
page 143

UNIT SUMMARY

1min
page 147

READING 2 Ray Kurzweil, Futurist

1min
page 157

READING 3 Who Names Hurricanes?

1min
page 119

UNIT SUMMARY

1min
page 125

READING 1 Saving Lemurs

1min
page 131

READING 1 The Name Game

1min
page 107

FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING

3min
pages 79-82

READING 1 The High Cost of Housing

1min
page 83

3.6 Questions and Short Answers with There

1min
page 92

READING 3 Tiny Houses

1min
page 95

UNIT SUMMARY

1min
page 101

READING 2 Naming Customs

1min
page 114

READING 2 Finding an Apartment

2min
page 88

READING 3 Test for College Admission

1min
page 43

READING 2 The Smokies

1min
page 59

READING 3 Times Square

1min
page 70

READING 2 Public School FAQs

1min
page 34

READING 1 Community College FAQs

1min
page 21

UNIT SUMMARY

1min
page 45

READING 1 Washington, DC

1min
page 51

2.10 Position of Frequency Words and Expressions

1min
page 72
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