INDEX A
A/An, 13, 220 generalizations with, 81 use of, 13, 79 with be, 13, 72, 84 with questions, 220 with specific nouns, 13, 30, 79, 220, 230 with statements, 220 A few vs. (a) little or very little, 220 with count nouns, 220 A little vs. (a) few, 220 with noncount nouns, 220, 230 A lot before comparative form, 258 A lot of vs. too much/too many, 219, 226 with count and noncount nouns, 219, 226 Action verbs vs. nonaction verbs, 127, 130 with present continuous, 127, 277, 292 with simple past, 156, 277, 292 with simple present, 277, 292 Adjectives, 12–13, 234–253 after adverbs, 248 after be, seem, or sense-perception verbs, 6, 12, 13, 187, 188 after impersonal expressions (it + be), 188 before enough, 249 before nouns, 238, 249 comparative form, 258, 259 ending in -ed, 238 ending in -ing, 238 ending in -ly, 243 infinitives after, 185, 187–189, 206, 248, 278 nouns as, 241 possessive, 93, 95, 105 summary, 12, 238 superlative form, 258, 259 vs. adverbs, 243 with as . . . as, 219, 226 with plural nouns, 13 with too, 226, 248 with very, so, quite, and extremely, 238, 243 Adverbs, 234–253 before adjectives, 248 before enough, 249 comparative form, 258 of frequency, 54
316
of manner, 237 -ly forms, 237, 243, 258, 270 spelling of, 244 summary, 243 superlative form, 258 vs. adjectives, 243 with as . . . as, 219, 226 with too, 226, 248 with very, so, real, and quite, 243, 248 Affirmative statements, 281–282 with future, 281, 282 with modals, 282 with present continuous, 281 with simple past, 282 with simple present, 35, 47, 281 Almost with simple present, 54 Always with simple present, 54 Any vs. no, 72 vs. some, 79, 84, 220 with there + be, 72, 75 American experiences, 254–273 Denali, 256 unique customs of, 263 Apostrophes for contractions, 10, 12 for possession, 91–93, 108, 110–111 Articles, 64–87 definite (the), 79 after quantity words, 220–224, 226–227 before superlative form, 260 classifying or defining subject, 13–14 use of, 79 with specific nouns, 79 indefinite (a/an), 79, 84, 220 classifying or defining subject, 79 generalizations with, 81 use of, 79 with specific nouns, 79, 220 with there + be, 72, 84 summary, 84 As . . . as with adjectives and adverbs, 219, 226 As many/much . . . as, 219, 226 At as preposition of time, 58, 60 Auxiliary verbs, 274–298 frequency questions, 56 in tag questions, 290, 292
subject questions, 108 with too and either, 288, 292
B
Base form. See Verbs: base form Be adjectives after, 12 forms, 5, 28 in contractions, 10, 12, 28 negative statements with, 14 present, 2–31 short answers with, 18 simple past, 160 simple present, 5, 13 use, 6, 28 with adjectives, 13 with born, 160, 292 with how, 19 with prepositions of place, 28, 278 with that, 27, 28 with there, 72, 75, 84 with these, 27, 28 with this, 27, 28 with those, 27, 28 with time, 278 with weather, 278 yes/no questions with, 18 Be able to, 193, 194, 206 Be allowed to, 193, 194, 206 Be going to, 141–143, 148 vs. will, 143, 148
C
Can, 193–195 for ability/permission, 194 for politeness, 204 Cannot/Can’t, 193–195 for ability/permission, 194 pronunciation of, 195 Clauses if, 146 time, 146 Commas with adjectives, 238 with if clauses, 146 with infinitive phrase, 190 with time clauses, 146 Comparatives, 254–273 common, 258 forms, 258, 259 irregular, 258 summary, 257, 270 use, 264 with adjectives that end in -e, -y, 259
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