ანგარიში by georgianpolitics

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საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი

2012

სარჩევი Sesavali................................................................................................................................8 1. makroekonomikuri garemo................................................................................................. . . . .17 1.1 msoflio ekonomika.................................................................................................. . . . 18 1.2 ekonomikuri zrda............................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . 20 1.3 samomxmareblo fasebis cvlileba..... .......................................................................... . . . . 23 1.4 saxelmwifo finansebi..................... ........................................................................... . . . 27 1.5 sagareo seqtori da sagadasaxdelo balansi.................................................................... . . . 31 2. fulad-sakredito da savaluto politika.... .......................................................................... . . . .40 2.1 fulad-sakredito politika...................................................................................... . . . . 41 2.2 fulad-sakredito politikis instrumentebi................................................................. . . . . 52 2.2.1 refinansirebis sesxebi............ ........................................................................... . . . 52 2.2.2 erTdRiani sesxebi da depozitebi......................................................................... . . . 53 2.2.3 fasiani qaRaldebi ...................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ . . . . 54 2.2.4 minimaluri sarezervo moTxovnebi........................................................................ . . . 57 2.3 savaluto politika da saerTaSoriso rezervebis marTva ................................................. . . . . 58 3. sabanko seqtori............................................................................................................. . . . .64 3.1 kapitalis adekvaturobis saerTaSoriso standartebTan daaxloveba.................................... . . . . 65 3.2 sabanko seqtoris riskebi.......................................................................................... . . . . 66 3.2.1 mflobelobis struqtura................................................................................... . . . 66 3.2.2 sakredito riski.............................................................................................. . . . 66 3.2.3 likvidobis riski............................................................................................. . . . 73 3.2.4 sabazro riski....................... ........................................................................... . . . 78 3.2.5 saoperacio riski............................................................................................ . . . . 80 3.2.6 sabanko sistemis momgebianoba............................................................................. . . . . 83 3.2.7 kapitalis adekvaturoba........................................................................................85 3.3 momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacva ................................................................................ . . . . 86 4. arasabanko seqtori................................ .......................................................................... . . . .89 4.1 sadazRvevo sfero. ................................................................................................... . . . 90 4.2 sapensio sqemebi ................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................99 4.3 fasiani qaRaldebis bazari.............. .......................................................................... . . . . 99 4.4 sxva finansuri institutebi..........................................................................................106 5. sagadaxdo sistemebi......................................................................................................... . .110 6. sainformacio teqnologiebis ganviTareba... .......................................................................... . . .118 7. Sida auditi da buRaltruli aRricxva........ .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... . . .121 8. sakaso-saemisio samuSaoebis organizacia.... .......................................................................... . . .123 9. sazogadoebasTan urTierToba da saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba................................................... . .129 10. saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis adamianuri resursebis marTva..................................................... . . .132 11. normatiul-samarTlebrivi bazis ganviTareba......................................................................... . .134

12. statistikuri saqmianoba........................ .......................................................................... . . .137 13. statistikuri cxrilebi................................................................................................... . . .140 14. finansuri angariSgeba...................................................................................................... . .169

CanarTebi CanarTi N 1

prognozirebisa da monetaruli politikis analizis sistema (FPAS)............................ . . . 46

diagramebi diagrama N 1.1

mTliani Sida produqtis realuri zrda msoflioSi.............................................. . . . . 18

diagrama N 1.2

inflacia msoflioSi..................................................................................... . . . . 19

diagrama N 1.3

mTliani da sabazo (sursaTisa da energomatareblebis gareSe) inflaciebi (2008-2012 wlebi). .......................................................................... . . . . 23

diagrama N 1.4

importirebuli da adgilobrivi saqonlis inflacia.............................................. . . . . 24

diagrama N 1.5

vaWrobadi da aravaWrobadi saqonlis fasebis indeqsis dinamika 2011=100..................... . . . 25

diagrama N 1.6

wliuri inflaciis maCveneblebis cvlileba sxvadasxva xangrZlivobis moxmarebis saqonlisa da momsaxurebisaTvis ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 27

diagrama N 1.7

naerTi biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi da maTi Tanafardoba mSp-Tan................... . . . . 28

diagrama N 1.8

naerTi biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi saxeebis mixedviT 2012 weli...................... . . . 28

diagrama N 1.9

naerTi biujetis xarjebi da maTi Tanafardoba mSp-Tan.......................................... . . . . 29

diagrama N 1.10 naerTi biujetis gadasaxdelebis struqtura, 2012 weli......................................... . . . . 29 diagrama N 1.11 naerTi biujetis deficiti da mSp-Tan Tanafardoba.............................................. . . . . 30 diagrama N 1.12 saxelmwifo vali da mSp-Tan fardoba (1998-2012 ww.).............................................. . . . . 31 diagrama N 1.13 mimdinare angariSis deficiti.......................................................................... . . . . 31 diagrama N 1.14 turizmis eqsporti da importi........................................................................ . . . . 32 diagrama N 1.15 mimdinare angariSis fardoba mSp-Tan................................................................. . . . . 33 diagrama N 1.16 mimdinare angariSis deficitis dafinansebis wyaroebi wminda (fardoba mSp-sTan)............. . . . 34 diagrama N 1.17 umsxvilesi saeqsporto sasaqonlo jgufebi 2011-2012 ww. ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. . . . . 36 diagrama N 1.18 saqarTvelos umsxvilesi savaWro partniori qveynebi eqsportis mixedviT ................... . . . 37 diagrama N 1.19 umsxvilesi saimporto saqonlis moculobis dinamika............................................. . . . 38 diagrama N 1.20 saqarTvelos umsxvilesi savaWro partniori qveynebi importis mixedviT..... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 39 diagrama N 2.1

monetaruli politikis ganakveTi da mTliani inflacia.......................................... . . . 41

diagrama N 2.2

depozitebis larizacia, 2004-2012ww.................................................................. . . . . 44

diagrama N 2.3

bankTaSorisi depozitebis brunva...................................................................... . . . 47

diagrama N 2.4

saprocento ganakveTebis meryeoba (1-Tviani standartuli gadaxra).......................... . . . . 48

diagrama N 2.5

bankTaSorisi fuladi bazris dinamika................................................................ . . . 48

diagrama N 2.6

mTavrobis fasian qaRaldebze saprocento ganakveTebi............................................ . . . 49

diagrama N 2.7

Semosavlianobis spredi politikis ganakveTTan SedarebiT...................................... . . . 50

diagrama N 2.8

saxazino fasiani qaRaldebis da sadepozito sertifikatebis naSTebis dinamika 1999-2012 wlebSi..................................................................... . . . 50

diagrama N 2.9

saxazino fasiani qaRaldebis naSTebi da saSualo vadianoba................ . . . . . . . . . . .......... . . . . 51

diagrama N 2.10 refinansirebis sesxebis moculoba 2010-12 wlebSi................................................. . . . 53 diagrama N 2.11 sadepozito sertifikatebis portfelis moculoba 2010-12 wlebi............................ . . . . 55 diagrama N 2.12 2012 wels saxazino valdebulebebisa da saxazino obligaciebis portfeli................. . . . . 56

diagrama N 2.13 meoradi bazris dinamika ................................................................................. . . . 56 diagrama N 2.14 sarezervo norma narCeni vadianobis mixedviT...................................................... . . . 58 diagrama N 2.15 savaluto bazris dinamika 2003-2012 wlebSi........................................................ . . . . 59 diagrama N 2.16 gacvliTi kursis meryeoba.... .......................................................................... . . . . 59 diagrama N 2.17 laris oficialuri gacvliTi kursi aSS dolaris mimarT ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . 60 diagrama N 2.18 laris realuri da nominaluri efeqturi gacvliTi kursebis indeqsebi (dek. 2003=100).... . . . 61 diagrama N 2.19 oficialuri sarezervo aqtivebi (wlis bolo maCvenebeli)...................................... . . . . 62 diagrama N 3.1

mTliani sasesxo portfelis dinamika................................................................ . . . . 67

diagrama N 3.2

sakredito portfelis Tvis ganmavlobaSi gacemul sesxebze arsebuli saSualo Sewonili saprocento ganakveTi segmentebis mixedviT (bankTaSorisi sesxebis garda)...... . . . 68

diagrama N 3.3

sacalo produqtebis ganawileba .................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . 69

diagrama N 3.4

sesxebis SesaZlo danakargebis rezervis mTlian portfelTan Tanafardoba................ . . . . 70

diagrama N 3.5

mTliani sasesxo portfelis dinamika wminda Camowerili sesxebis aRdgenis efeqtiT.......... . . . . 71

diagrama N 3.6

sesxebis Camowera da amoReba............................................................................ . . . 71

diagrama N 3.7

problemuri aqtivebi...................................................................................... . . . 72

diagrama N 3.8

dasakuTrebuli qoneba......... ........................................................................... . . . 72

diagrama N 3.9

likviduri aqtivebis done.... .......................................................................... . . . . 73

diagrama N 3.10 likvidobis koeficientebi valutebis mixedviT 2012 wels...................................... . . . . 73 diagrama N 3.11 likvidobis gepi: 1 Tvemde aqtivebis Tanafardoba 1 Tvemde valdebulebebTan............. . . . . 74 diagrama N 3.12 likviduri aqtivebis moculoba da struqtura 2010-12 wlebSi.................................. . . . 74 diagrama N 3.13 valdebulebebis struqtura............................................................................ . . . . 75 diagrama N 3.14 klientebis depozitebi........ .......................................................................... . . . . 75 diagrama N 3.15 ararezidentebis depozitebis wili................................................... . . . . . . . ......... . . . 76 diagrama N 3.16 ararezidentebis depozitebis struqtura (2012 wlis dekemberi)............................... . . . . 77 diagrama N 3.17 mTliani sesxebis Sefardeba arasabanko depozitebTan............................................ . . . 77 diagrama N 3.18 sabalanso da krebsiTi savaluto poziciebi sazedamxedvelo kapitalTan................... . . . . 79 diagrama N 3.19 saprocento xasiaTis aqtivebiT valdebulebebis gadafarva.................................... . . . . 80 diagrama N 3.20 2012 wlis saoperacio danakargebis dinamika........................................................ . . . . 81 diagrama N 3.21 saSualo saoperacio danakargebis dinamika â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 2012 weli........................................... . . . 81 diagrama N 3.22 2012 wlis mTliani danakargebis Tanxobrivi gadanawileba biznes xazebis mixedviT....... . . . . 82 diagrama N 3.23 saoperacio danakargebi movlenaTa kategoriebis mixedviT...................................... . . . . 82 diagrama N 3.24 ukugeba kapitalsa da aqtivebze......................................................................... . . . 83 diagrama N 3.25 saprocento spredi............. .......................................................................... . . . . 84 diagrama N 3.26 momgebianobis zrdis dekompozicia.................................................................... . . . 84 diagrama N 3.27 sabanko sistemis wminda saoperacio mogeba........................................................... . . . . 85 diagrama N 3.28 kapitalis adekvaturobis koeficientebi............................................................ . . . . 86 diagrama N 3.29 sesxebis mSp-sTan Tanafardobis gepi................................................................. . . . . 86 diagrama N 3.30 komerciul bankebSi dafiqsirebuli pretenziebi, romelTa ganxilva dasrulebulia...... . . . 87 diagrama N 4.1

moziduli premiis odenobis dinamika wlebis mixedviT.............................................. . . . 94

diagrama N 4.2

mzRvevelebis finansuri mdgomareoba wlebis mixedviT da procentuli zrda............... . . . 94

diagrama N 4.3

sadazRvevo Semosavali da damdgari sadazRvevo zarali saxelmwifo samedicino dazRvevis programebSi.................................................................... . . . . 95

diagrama N 4.4

sadazRevo bazris struqtura moziduli premiis mixedviT...................................... . . . . 96

diagrama N 4.5

sadazRvevo Semosavali da sadazRvevo zarali wlebis mixedviT................................ . . . . 97

diagrama N 4.6

aqtivebis struqtura........... ........................................................................... . . . 98

diagrama N 4.7

mzRvevelebis finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgeba 2011-12 wlebSi............................ . . . . 99

diagrama N 4.8

sabrokero kompaniebis mTliani aqtivebis, valdebulebebis da kapitalis monacemebi 2007-2012.........................................................................................102

diagrama N 4.9

vaWrobis ZiriTadi maCveneblebi 2007-2012.......................................................... . . . 103

diagrama N 4.10 sabirJo da arasabirJo garigebebis raodenoba wlebis mixedviT................................. . . . 104 diagrama N 4.11 deponirebuli fasiani qaRaldebi (2012 w)........................................................... . . . 104 diagrama N 4.12 centralur depozitarSi deponirebuli fasiani qaRaldebis brunva wlebis mixedviT (2008-2012)..........................................................................................104 diagrama N 4.13 deponirebuli fuladi saxsrebi (2012w).............................................................. . . . 105 diagrama N 4.14 centralur depozitarSi deponirebuli fuladi saxsrebis brunva wlebis mixedviT (2008-2012)............ ........................................................................... . . 105 diagrama N 4.15 krebsiTi informacia 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi dadebuli garigebis RirebulebaTa procentuli maCveneblis Sesaxeb emitentebis mixedviT........................................... . . . 106 diagrama N 4.16 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi arasabirJo garigebebis RirebulebaTa procentuli maCvenebeli emitentebis mixedviT...................................................................... . . 106 diagrama N 4.17 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi savaWro sesiebze dadebuli garigebebis RirebulebaTa procentuli maCvenebeli emitentebis mixedviT.................................................... . . . 106 diagrama N 4.18 mikrosafinanso organizaciebis mTliani aqtivebi, valdebulebebi, kapitali da mTliani valdebulebebis dinamika aqtivebTan mimarTebaSi...................................... . . . 107 diagrama N 4.19 sesxebis zrdis dinamika aqtivebTan mimarTebaSi................................................... . . . 107 diagrama N 4.20 mTliani portfelis struqtura........................................................................ . . 108 diagrama N 4.21 nasesxebi saxsrebis struqtura, ararezidenti organizaciebidan da fizikuri pirebidan moziduli resursebis dinamika........................................................... . . . 108 diagrama N 4.22 mikrosafinanso organizaciebis momgebianobis maCveneblebi (ROE, ROA)....................... . . 109 diagrama N 5.1

RTGS sistemaSi ganxorcielebuli gadaricxvebi (2012 weli)...................................... . . 112

diagrama N 5.2

RTGS sistemaSi ganxorcielebuli gadaricxvebi (2002-2012 weli).............................. . . . 112

diagrama N 5.3

gadaxdis operaciebi sagadaxdo sistemebisa da maTi Sesrulebis sxva saSualebebis mixedviT (2012 w.)............... ........................................................ . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . 113

diagrama N 5.4

unaRdo gadaxdebis ganawileba sagadaxdo davalebis inicirebis saSualebebis mixedviT, 2012 weli....................................................................................... . . 114

diagrama N 5.5

gamoSvebuli sagadaxdo baraTebis raodenoba, 2007-2012......................................... . . . 115

diagrama N 5.6

gamoSvebuli baraTebi sabaraTe sistemebis mixedviT............................................. . . . 115

diagrama N 5.7

saqarTveloSi gamoSvebuli baraTebiT ganxorcielebuli tranzaqciebi wlebis mixedviT (2007-2012)....................................................................................... . . 116

diagrama N 5.8

sagadaxdo baraTebis mimRebi obieqtebis dinamika (2008-2012)................................... . . 116

diagrama N 8.1

mimoqcevaSi arsebuli naRdi fuli (dekemberi, 2012).............................................. . . . 124

diagrama N 8.2

naRdi fuli mimoqcevaSi (2011-2012 wlebi)........................................................... . . 124

diagrama N 8.3

yalbi laris banknotebi da monetebi procentulad............................................... . . 126

diagrama N 8.4

2011-2012 wlebSi gamovlenili yalbi laris banknotebis raodenoba..................................127

diagrama N 8.5

2011-2012 wlebSi gamovlenili yalbi monetebis raodenoba..................................... . . . 127

diagrama N 10.1 erovnuli bankis TanamSromlebis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi (sul 311 TanamSromeli)................................................................. . . . 133

cxrilebi cxrili N 1.1 realuri mSp-is zrda da seqtoruli wvlilebi 2010-2012 ww........................................ . . . 21 cxrili N 1.2 mTliani Sida produqti da misi gamoyeneba ZiriTadi kategoriebis mixedviT.................. . . . . 22 cxrili N 1.3 inflaciis (sfi) maCveneblebi calkeuli komponentebis mixedviT (procenti), maTi wona samomxmareblo kalaTaSi (procenti) da zegavlena sfi-ze (procentuli punqti)... . . . 26 cxrili N 1.4 saqarTvelos sagadasaxdelo balansis analitikuri warmodgena (2008-2012 ww.)................ . . . . 34 cxrili N 1.5 registrirebuli eqsportis da importis wliuri zrdis tempebi.................................. . . . 36 cxrili N 1.6 umsxvilesi saeqsporto saqonlis ganawileba importiori qveynebis mixedviT (%).............. . . . 37 cxrili N 1.7 umsxilesi saimporto sasaqonlo jgufebis ganawileba eqsportiori qveynebis mixedviT (%)........................ .......................................................................... . . . . 39 cxrili N 2.1 realuri efeqturi gacvliTi kursis wliuri cvlileba 2012 wels............................... . . . 61 cxrili N 2.2 saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso rezervebi................................................................... . . . 62 cxrili N 3.1 mTliani sakredito portfeli segmentebis mixedviT (bankTaSorisi sesxebis garda)......... . . . . 67 cxrili N 3.2 sasesxo portfeli risk-seqtorebis mixedviT 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT........ . . . . 68 cxrili N 3.3 sacalo produqtebis ganawileba (2011, 2012), cvlileba erTwlian periodSi.................... . . . 69 cxrili N 3.4 sasesxo portfelis kategoriebi da formirebuli rezervebi 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT................................................................................. . . . 70 cxrili N 3.5 sabiTumo dafinansebis wyaroebi da misi dafarvis grafiki 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT................................................................................ . . . 78 cxrili N 4.1 sabrokero kompaniebis aqtivoba (2012w)................................................................ . . . 102 cxrili N 4.2 krebsiTi informacia vaWrobis ZiriTadi maCveneblebis mixedviT (2011-2012 ww)............... . . . 103

შესავალი aqarTvelos erovnuli bankis 2012 wlis

lia inflaciis da ekonomikuri zrdis ufro

velos erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb“ organu-

maRali tempi, 2013-2014 wlebisTvis fulad-

li kanonis me-60 da 61-e muxlebis Sesabamisad

sakredito politikis ZiriTadi mimarTuleb-

da moicavs fulad-sakredito, savaluto da

is dokumentiT miznobrivi inflacia gansaz-

sazedamxedvelo

Rvrulia 6 procentiT, xolo 2015 wels – 5

politikis

mimoxilvas

procentamde Semcirdeba.

mentSi warmodgenilia is prioritetuli mi-

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi inflacia miznob-

marTulebebi, romliTac saangariSo periodSi

riv maCvenebelze dabla narCundeboda. imis

qveynis centraluri banki xelmZRvanelobda.

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom monetaruli politikis

angariSSi asaxulia agreTve erovnuli bankis

cvlileba garkveuli periodis Semdeg aisaxeba

Sefasebebi qveyanaSi da mis farglebs gareT

realur ekonomikaze, saqarTvelos erovnulma

mimdinare

bankma jer kidev 2011 wlis ivlisSi daiwyo

procesebze,

romlebic

2012

wlis ganmavlobaSi arsebiT gavlenas axdenda

monetaruli

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mdgomareobasa da

rodesac mTliani inflacia aRemateboda miz-

erovnuli bankis mier dasaxuli amocanebis

nobriv dones.

politikis

Serbileba,

maSin

saqarTveloSi inflaciis Semcirebis ten-

Sesrulebaze. საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

damaxasiaTebe-

wliuri angariSi momzadebulia „saqarT-

auditirebul finansur angariSgebas. doku-

msgavsi tipis ekonomikisTvis

2012 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli banki mo-

dencia 2011 wlis ivnisSi daiwyo, rac umTavre-

netaruli politikis SemuSavebisas xelmZRva-

sad miwodebis faqtorebiT iyo ganpirobe-

nelobda „saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis Se-

buli. maT Soris mniSvnelovani iyo sabazo

saxeb” saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-3

efeqtis gavlena. 2011 wlis gazafxulidan

muxliT gansazRvruli ZiriTadi amocanebiTa

saerTaSoriso sasaqonlo bazrebze fasebis

da funqciebiT, romlis mixedviTac erovnuli

klebis tendencia dafiqsirda. kerZod, fase-

bankis ZiriTadi amocanaa fasebis stabiluro-

bi Semcirda navTobsa da Saqarze. ruseTisa

bis

da ukrainis mxridan xorblis eqsportze em-

uzrunvelyofa.

amasTanave,

erovnulma sis-

bargos moxsnam ki purproduqtebis fasebis

temis stabiluroba da gamWvirvaloba da xeli

Semcireba ganapiroba da damatebiTi wvlili

Seuwyos qveyanaSi mdgrad ekonomikur zrdas

Seitana inflaciis SemcirebaSi. 2012 wlis bo-

ise, rom safrTxe ar Seeqmnas misi ZiriTadi

losTvis sursaTis deflaciis maCveneblma 4.1

amocanis Sesrulebas.

procenti Seadgina, Sesabamisad sursaTis gav-

bankma

unda

uzrunvelyos

finansuri

erovnuli banki monetaruli politikis gan-

lena wliuri deflaciis saerTo maCvenebelze

sazRvrisas inflaciis TargeTirebis reJims

daaxloebiT 1.3 procentul punqts Seadgenda.

eyrdnoba. erovnuli bankis inflaciis grZel-

miwodebis faqtorebidan agreTve aRsaniS-

vadiani miznobrivi maCvenebeli 3 procents

navia, rom gasul wels dabali inflacia fiq-

Seadgens. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom amJamad

sirdeboda Cvens ZiriTad savaWro partnior

saqarTvelo warmoadgens mzard ekonomikas da

qveynebSi, rogoricaa azerbaijani, somxeTi,

ukraina da Sedegad importirebuli saqon-

baSi gamoisaxa. politikis ganakveTi 2011 wli-

lis inflacia 2012 wlis bolos daaxloe-

dan etapobrivad 2.75 procentuli punqtiT

biT –2 procents Seadgenda. aqedan gamomdi-

Semcirda.

nare, inflaciis importi savaWro partniori

2011-2012 wlebSi monetaruli politikis

qveynebidan saqarTveloSi dabali inflaciis

Serbileba Seesabameboda arsebul prognozebs,

erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli faqtori iyo 2012

romelTa mixedviTac inflaciis maCvenebeli

wlis ganmavlobaSi, misi wvlili wliuri in-

2012 wlis meore naxevridan daiwyebda zrdas

flaciis maCvenebelSi daaxloebiT –0.7 pro-

da 2013 wlis dasawyisSi miznobriv dones gau-

centul punqts Seadgenda.

toldeboda. Tumca 2012 wlis meore naxevri-

samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsze gavlena

dan gamoikveTa sabanko sesxebze moTxovnis

moaxdina samomxmareblo saqonelze marJebis

Semcirebis tendencia, rac arCevnebTan buneb-

Semcirebam, rac, Tavis mxriv, savaWro seqto-

rivad dakavSirebuli gaurkvevlobiT iyo gamo-

ris ganviTarebisa da konkurenciis zrdiT

wveuli. arCevnebis Semdeg periodSic, sabanko

iyo gamowveuli. iseT saqonelze, rogoric

sistemaSi

aris kvebis produqtebi, tansacmeli, far-

sakredito aqtivoba kvlav dabalia, rac sesx-

macevtuli produqcia da sxva, marJebis Sem-

ebze moTxovnis Semcirebaze miuTiTebs. Sesa-

cireba bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi SeimCneoda,

bamisad, aRniSnulma gaurkvevlobam Seasusta

rac 2012 wels kidev ufro gaZlierda. sul

monetaruli politikis Serbilebis gadacema

ZiriTad samomxmareblo saqonelze marJebis

realur ekonomikaze. kerZod, politikis ga-

Semcirebis wvlili samomxmareblo fasebis in-

nakveTis Semcirebis paralelurad ar moxda

deqsSi 2012 wels –0.5 procentul punqts aRe-

sakredito aqtivobis zrda, rac uzrunvely-

mateboda.

ofda inflaciis miznobriv donemde matebas.

likvidobis

miuxedavad,

inflaciaze moTxovnis mxridan moqmedi gr-

monetaruli politikis gadacemis sakre-

Zelvadiani faqtorebidan aRsaniSnavia biuje-

dito arxis Sesustebis gamo, mniSvnelovania

tis deficiti da gacvliTi kursis cvlileba.

monetaruli politikis Serbilebis sxva Ro-

bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi sakmaod mniS-

nisZiebebis, maT Soris e.w. „raodenobrivi

vnelovani fiskaluri konsolidacia ganxor-

Serbilebis“ amoqmedeba. am mizniT saqarTvelos

cielda, rac naerTi biujetis deficitis

erovnuli

mSp-s 6.5 procentuli punqtiT SemcirebaSi

saqarTvelos finansTa saministrosTan fulis

gamoisaxa. agreTve aRsaniSnavia amave periodSi

miwodebis arxebis erToblivi ZalebiT gaaq-

gacvliTi kursis gamyarebis tendencia. ker-

tiurebis mimarTulebiT.

banki

aqtiurad

TanamSromlobs

Zod, nominaluri efeqturi gacvliTi kursi

aRsaniSnavia, rom 2010-2012 wlebSi kvebis

bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi daaxloebiT 9

produqtebisa da energomatareblebis gareSe

procentiT gamyarda. aRniSnuli faqtorebi

e.w. „sabazo“ inflacia ZiriTadad stabiluri

erTobliv moTxovnaze Sesustebis mimarTule-

iyo, 2 procentis farglebSi. am periodSi maRa-

biT moqmedebda. imisaTvis, rom fiskaluri

li da stabiluri iyo mTliani Sida produq-

politikis gamkacrebisa da gacvliTi kursis

tis zrdis tempic, rac imis maniSnebelia, rom

gamyarebis Sedegad erToblivi moTxovnis Se-

masze negatiuri gavlena ar mouxdenia samomx-

sustebas ar gamoewvia saSualovadian peri-

mareblo fasebis inflaciis meryeobas. ufro

odSi

maCveneblidan

metic, dabali da stabiluri sabazo inflacia

gadaxra, erovnulma bankma 2011 wlidan daiwyo

iyo ekonomikur zrdis tempis stabilurobis

monetaruli politikis Serbileba, rac upir-

xelSemwyobi faqtori.

inflaciis

miznobrivi

veles yovlisa politikis ganakveTis Semcire-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

maRali

2012 wels qveynis realuri mTliani Sida

produqti 6.1 procentiT gaizarda. ekonomika

gaaqtiureba (refinansirebis sesxebi, mudmiv-

maRali tempebiT wlis pirveli sami kvartalis

moqmedi sesxebi, erTdRiani sesxebi da de-

ganmavlobaSi izrdeboda, rodesac ekonomikis

pozitebi); savaluto auqcionebis SemoReba;

zrdam 7.5 procents miaRwia. Semodgomaze ki

monetaruli operaciebisTvis giraos bazis ga-

zrdis tempma iklo, rac gansakuTrebiT mkveT-

farToeba; axali sagadaxdo da saxelmwifo fa-

rad meoTxe kvartalSi gamovlinda, rodesac

siani qaRaldebis angariSsworebis sistemebis

ekonomikis zrda 2.5 procentamde Semcirda.

amoqmedeba; axali makroekonomikuri modelis

2012 wlis ekonomikur zrdaze mniSvnelovani

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

gavlena

iqonia

sagareo

seqtormac.

Seqmna; monetaruli politikis komunikaciis gaumjobeseba da a.S.

kuTxiT aRsaniSnavia momsaxurebis eqsportis,

2010-2012 wlebSi gatarebuli reformebis

gansakuTrebiT ki turizmis seqtoris zrda.

fonze mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda monetaru-

turistuli Semosavlebi wlis ganmavlobaSi

li politikis efeqtianoba da gaizarda komer-

daaxloebiT 50 procentiT gaizarda. amasTan,

ciuli bankebis mier monetaruli instrumen-

unda aRiniSnos, rom evrozonis qveynebSi

tebis gamoyeneba. Sedegad, erovnulma bankma

ekonomikuri problemebis gagrZelebis fon-

SeZlo misi kontrolis arealSi moeqcia fula-

ze Semcirda swrafi fuladi gzavnilebis

di bazris moklevadiani saprocento ganakve-

Semodinebis zrdis tempi. wina welTan Seda-

Tebi. es ki gamoixata saprocento ganakveTebis

rebiT,

meryeobis SemcirebaSi da bankTaSorisi sapro-

mTliani Sida produqtis 5.5 procenti Se-

cento ganakveTi dastabilurda politikis ga-

adgina

investiciebis

nakveTis irgvliv, ramac Tavis mxriv ganapiro-

wilmac. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom 2012 wels

ba fuladi bazris ganviTareba. Sedegad, bolo

saxelmwifos

kompaniebis

wlebis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovani zrda da-

mier gamoSvebuli evroobligaciebis Sedegad

fiqsirda bankTaSorisi bazris operaciebi-

qveyanaSi daaxloebiT 500 milioni aSS dolaris

sa da pirvelad bazarze mTavrobis fasiani

(mSp-s 3 procenti) portfeluri finansuri

qaRaldebiT vaWrobis moculobebze. garda

resursi Semovida.

aRniSnulisa, finansuri bazrebis ganviTare-

2012

wels

ucxouri

agreTve

pirdapiri

Semcirda

daqvemdebarebuli

wina wlebis msgavsad, 2012 wels erovnuli

bis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani iyo mimoqcevaSi ar-

bankis saqmianobaSi mniSvnelovani yuradReba

sebuli mTavrobis fasiani qaRaldebis naSTisa

eTmoboda monetaruli politikis efeqtiano-

da vadianobis zrda. 2010 welTan SedarebiT,

bis zrdis xelSewyobas. am procesSi erT-erTi

daaxloebiT 1.6-jer gaizarda mimoqcevaSi ar-

mTavari Semaferxebeli faqtoria finansuri

sebuli saxazino fasiani qaRaldebis naSTi.

seqtoris larizaciis dabali done. qveynis

finansuri bazris ganviTarebis kuTxiT mniS-

makroekonomikuri riskebis Semcirebisa da

vnelovani iyo aseve mTavrobis mier 10-wliani

stabiluri grZelvadiani ekonomikuri gan-

saxazino obligaciebis gamoSveba, rac bazarze

viTarebisaTvis

aRniSnuli

grZelvadiani saprocento ganakveTebis Camo-

maCveneblis zrda, rac, Tavis mxriv, xangrZliv

yalibebas Seuwyobs xels. mTavrobis fasiani

process warmoadgens, vinaidan ekonomikur

qaRaldebis bazris ganviTarebam xeli Seuw-

agentTa qcevis Secvla ganviTarebuli finan-

yo fuladi da kapitalis bazris likvido-

suri bazrisa da stabiluri ekonomikuri aR-

bis matebas, komerciuli bankebis mier laris

mavlobis pirobebSia SesaZlebeli. erovnulma

resursis ufro aqtiurad gamoyenebasa da rac

bankma am kuTxiT, 2009 wlidan, mniSvnelovani

mTavaria, finansuri bazris saprocento ga-

cvlilebebi ganaxorciela. am RonisZiebebi-

nakveTebis daregulirebas. aRsaniSnavia aseve

dan aRsaniSnavia: monetaruli instrumentebis

meoradi bazris gaaqtiureba. 2012 wlis ganmav-

mniSvnelovania

lobaSi, wina welTan SedarebiT, daaxloebiT

reformis farglebSi, 2009 wels SemoRebul

2.5-jer gaizarda fasiani qaRaldebis meoradi

iqna savaluto auqcionebis meqanizmi, romlis

bazris jamuri moculoba (2010 wels es bazari

amoqmedebamac mniSvnelovnad Seamcira erovnu-

faqtiurad ar arsebobda).

li bankis intervenciebis saWiroeba savaluto

fuladi bazris ganviTarebis mxriv aRsa-

bazarze da misi wili savaluto vaWrobebSi.

niSnavia Semosavlianobis mrudis daxrilobis

garda amisa, laris gacvliTi kursi ukve xasi-

Semcireba. gasuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi Se-

aTdeba mcuravi gacvliTi kursis reJimisTvis

mosavlianobis mruds sakmaod didi daxriloba

damaxasiaTebeli

hqonda, vinaidan sxvaoba sxvadasxva vadianobis

erovnuli bankis savaluto politika miznad

saprocento ganakveTebs Soris saprocento

isaxavs, savaluto bazarze intervenciebis

riskis garda moicavda saoperacio da likvi-

etapobrivad SemcirebiT, Tavisuflad mcurav

dobis riskebs. fuladi bazris ganviTare-

gacvliT kursze gadasvlas. gacvliTi kursis

basTan erTad Semcirda arasaprocento riske-

aseTi reJimi amcirebs sagareo Sokebis zegav-

bi, rac gamoixata Semosavlianobis mrudis

lenas realur ekonomikaze da xels uwyobs

daxrilobis etapobriv SemcirebaSi. amasTan

makroekonomikuri

erovnuli bankis komunikaciis gaumjobesebam

lyofas. zemoaRniSnuli

moqnilobiT.

stabilurobis

principebis

uzrunve-

Sesabamisad,

prognozirebadobis zrdam Seamcira momav-

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi, erovnuli banki sava-

alSi moklevadiani saprocento ganakveTebis

luto bazarze mxolod minimalurad ereoda.

mkveTri cvlilebebis molodini, rac aseve

2012 wlis manZilze ganxorcielebuli savalu-

aisaxa Semosavlianobis mrudis daxrilobis

to intervenciebiT erovnuli banki, umetes

Semcirebaze. mniSvnelovania is faqtic, rom

SemTxvevaSi, bazarze ucxouri valutis myid-

2012

mon-

velis rolSi gamodioda Warbi nakadebis gacv-

etaruli politikis Serbileba aisaxa sapro-

liT kursze gadaWarbebuli zegavlenis aRmo-

cento ganakveTebis Semcirebaze. Tumca aRniS-

fxvris mizniT.

wlis

ganmavlobaSi

gatarebuli

nuli saprocento ganakveTebis Semcirebis

larizaciis xelSewyobis, fuladi bazris

odenoba aRemateboda monetaruli politikis

ganviTarebisa da grZelvadiani laris resur-

ganakveTis cvlilebis sidides, rac mone-

sis Seqmnis mizniT, 2012 wels ganxorcielebul

taruli politikis meqanizmis efeqtianobis

RonisZiebebs Soris aRsaniSnavia komerciuli

zrdaze miuTiTebs. mTavrobis fasiani qaRal-

bankebis sadepozito sertifikatebis bazris

debis bazris ganviTarebam dadebiTi gavlena

waxaliseba da erovnuli bankis operaciebSi

iqonia Sida bazarze resursebis mobilizebaze

laris sasexo aqtivebis giraos gamoyenebis

gaweul xarjebze. 2012 wlis bolos 10 wliani

SesaZlebloba. 2012 wels erovnulma bankma

saxazino valdebulebebis sargebeli 11 pro-

daamtkica komerciuli bankebis standartuli

centis farglebSi, xolo 5-wliani qaRaldis

sadepozito sertifikatebis debuleba, ri-

Semosavlianoba 8 procentis farglebSi iyo.

Tac waxalisdeba bankebis mier erovnuli va-

inflaciis TargeTirebis reJimi, romlis

lutiT resursebis mozidva. sertifikati ar

farglebSic xorcieldeba saqarTvelos erov-

avaldebulebs banks xelSekrulebis vadis gas-

nuli bankis monetaruli politika, kapitalis

vlamde daubrunos Tanxa meanabres. amgvari

Tavisufali mobilobis pirobebSi moiTxovs

saSualebiT moziduli saxsrebi bankisTvis

mcuravi gacvliTi kursis arsebobas. erovnu-

ufro stabiluria, vidre standartuli de-

li bankis mier Tavisuflad mcurav gacvliT

poziti. Tumca, meore mxriv, depozitars aqvs

kursze gadasvlis mimarTulebiT gatarebuli

SesaZlebloba fuladi saxsrebis saWiroebis

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

da monetaruli politikis gadawyvetilebebis

moklevadiani

SemTxvevaSi gaasxvisos sadepozito serti-

cvala inflaciis mimoxilvis struqtura: igi

fikati bankis Tanxmobis gareSe. mflobelis

gaxda ufro metad orientirebuli momavlis

cvlilebis

prognozebsa

SemTxvevaSic

fuladi

saxsrebi

mdgomareo-

aseve, komerciuli bankebisTvis xelmisawv-

politikis komunikaciis mTavar instruments.

domi laris resursis moculoba kidev ufro

aseve ganaxlda saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis

gazarda erovnuli bankis operaciebSi gamo-

vebgverdis monetaruli politikis nawili.

yenebadi giraos bazis gafarToebam. kerZod,

garda amisa, mimdinareobs muSaoba erovnuli

Semsubuqda bankebis mier giraos saxiT gamo-

bankis monetaruli politikis strategiis do-

yenebadi erovnuli valutiT denominirebuli

kumentze, romelic sazogadoebas gaacnobs im

sakuTari sasesxo aqtivebis kriteriumebi. es

ZiriTad principebsa da midgomebs, romlebic

saSualebas miscems komerciul bankebs lariT

gamoiyeneba monetaruli politikis formire-

denominirebuli ufro meti resursi miiRos

bis procesSi.

instrumentebiT,

2012 wels qveynis saerTaSoriso rezerve-

rac, Tavis mxriv, gazrdis erovnuli valutiT

bi 54.7 mln aSS dolariT gaizarda, miuxeda-

grZelvadiani sesxebis xelmisawvdomobas da

vad saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis valis

Seamcirebs saprocento ganakveTebs.

mniSvnelovani

erovnuli

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

ekonomikuri

bis Sefasebaze da warmoadgens monetaruli

rCeba bankSi.

bankis

sasesxo

moculobis

dafarvisa

(245

monetaruli politika realur ekonomikaze

mln aSS dolari). rezervebis zrdas ramde-

drois garkveuli periodis Semdeg aisaxeba.

nime faqtori ganapirobebda. maT Soris, mniS-

swored am fundamenturi faqtoris gaTvalis-

vnelovani iyo wlis ganmavlobaSi savaluto

winebiT Seiqmna makroekonomikuri modeli,

auqcionebiT erovnuli bankis mier 155 mln

romelic momavalze orientirebuli gadawy-

aSS dolaris wminda Sesyidva da qveynis mier

vetilebebis miRebas uzrunvelyofs. aqedan

saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebidan da

gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania makroekonomiku-

donori saxelmwifoebidan miRebuli 300 mln

ri prognozirebisa da monetaruli politi-

aSS dolaris sesxebi da grantebi.

kis analizis sistemis (FPAS) ganviTareba da

saqarTvelos oficialuri saerTaSoriso

misi Sedegebis sazogadoebasTan komunikacia.

rezervebis done, sxvadasxva indikatorebis

am mizniT, evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganvi-

Tanaxmad,

Tarebis bankis (EBRD-is) proeqtis fargleb-

uzrunvelyofisaTvis. mTliani saerTaSoriso

Si, saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma SeimuSava

rezervebis fardoba farTo fulTan, ucxou-

axali makroekonomikuri modeli, romelic

ri valutiT ganTavsebul depozitebTan da

farTod

moklevadian

gamoiyeneba

msoflios

ZiriTadi

saTanadoa

valTan

sagareo

100

mdgradobis

procentis

far-

centraluri bankebis mier da gaaumjobesebs

glebSia, rac saerTaSoriso savaluto fon-

erovnuli bankis makroekonomikur modelire-

dis SefasebebiT saerTaSoriso rezervebis

bas. bolo periodSi mniSvnelovani cvlile-

sakmaris doned aris miCneuli. aseve mni-

bebi gatarda saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis

Svnelovani

monetaruli politikis komunikaciis gaum-

Soriso rezervebis fardoba Tvis importTan.

jobesebis kuTxiT. inflaciis TargeTirebis

saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis SefasebebiT,

reJimis pirobebSi gansakuTrebul rols Ta-

saerTaSoriso

maSobs monetaruli politikis prognozireba-

mdgrad doned, Tuki misi Sefardeba Tvis

dobis zrda da sazogadoebis swori molod-

importTan 3-ze metia. saqarTvelosTvis aRni-

inebis Camoyalibeba. am mizniT, gadaixeda

Snuli maCvenebeli 2012 wlis bolosTvis 3.8-s

komunikaciis arsebuli arxebi. kerZod, Sei-

Seadgenda.

koeficientia

rezervebis

mTliani

done

saerTa-

iTvleba

2012 wels erovnuli banki ganagrZobda safinanso

sistemis

ganviTarebasa

da stabilurobaze. saqarTvelos safinanso

monitorings rogorc biznes, aseve sacalo segmentSi.

sistema Sedgeba 19 komerciuli bankisgan, 18

tradiciulad maRali iyo likvidobis maC-

sakredito kavSirisgan, 62 mikrosafinanso or-

veneblebi. likviduri aqtivebi mTliani aqti-

ganizaciisagan, 15 sadazRvevo kompaniisgan, 10

vebis 23 procents, xolo arasabako depoz-

sabrokero kompaniisgan da 1 safondo birJi-

itebis 44 procents Seadgenda. amasTan, kvlav

sagan. safinanso seqtoris mTliani aqtivebis

gaizarda ararezidenti depozitebis wili.

91.5 procenti sabanko seqtorze modis, xolo

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki miesalmeba dafi-

sadazRvevo kompaniebi da mikrosafinanso in-

nansebis wyaroebis diversificirebas rogorc

stitutebi 4.4 da 3.8 procents akontroleben.

likvidobis marTvis, aseve qveyanaSi arsebuli

sxva arasabanko safinanso institutebis wili

rekordulad dabali dazogvis donis gaT-

ki umniSvneloa.

valiswinebiT. Tumca, zedmeti koncentraciis

msxvili saerTaSoriso Tu regionuli in-

Tavidan acilebis mizniT, am mxriv igegmeba

vestorebis arsebobis gaTvaliswinebiT, sa-

garkveuli limitis SemoReba. aRniSnuli aseve

banko seqtori kvlav sakmaod Zlieri aqcio-

gaTvaliswinebulia „bazel III-is“ likvidobis

nerebiTaa warmodgenili. mflobelobis aseTi

gadafarvis koeficientis (Liquidity Coverage Ra-

struqtura sagareo finansuri siZneleebis

tio – LCR) CarCos mixedviT 2013 wels dasanerg

gamo bankebisaTvis Semaferxebeli ar yofila.

midgomebSi. am etapze, procesis implementa-

ufro metic, bazrebze arsebuli siZneleebis

cia satesto angariSgebis SevsebaSi gamoixata.

gaTvaliswinebiT, mTlianobaSi mainc SeiZleba

axali CarCo likvidobis ufro efeqtianad

iTqvas, rom ekonomikis dakreditebis poten-

marTvas Seuwyobs xels.

cialis gafarToebis SemTxvevaSi, kapitalis Semodinebis

meti

masStabiT

gaaqtiurebis

dafinansebis sabiTumo nawilis mxriv, nasesxebi saxsrebis (savalo fasiani qaRaldebis CaTvliT) 58 procenti saerTaSoriso safi-

mzaoba aRiniSneboda. sabanko sistemis momgebianobam wina welTan

nanso institutebze modioda, 10 procenti –

SedarebiT iklo. es ZiriTadad ganpirobebuli

mSobel bankebze da 32 procenti – sxva ker-

iyo sesxebis SesaZlo danakargebis rezervebze

Zo institutebze. maTi ganawileba dafarvis

gaweuli xarjebis zrdiT. aseve sayuradRebo

vadebis mixedviT, gansakuTrebiT kreditore-

iyo wlis meore naxevarSi dafiqsirebuli

bis gaTvaliswinebiT, dabal riskad fasde-

sesxebis zrdis Senelebis tendencia, rac

ba. aseve, SedarebiT dabal riskad fasdeba

sesxebze moTxovnis da ara miwodebis faqtoriT

xelSekrulebebSi arsebuli pirobebis simZime.

wili

sabazro riskebidan saqarTvelos sabanko

mTlian portfelSi 2012 wlis bolosaTvis

sistemis mgrZnobiaroba kvlav gansakuTre-

9.3 procents, xolo 90-dRiani standartiT

biT mniSvnelovania savaluto riskis mimarT.

daTvlili 4 procents Seadgenda. aseve, kvlav

Tumca savaluto aqtivebis kapitalis adekva-

aRiniSneboda saprocento spredis Semcireba

turobis miznebisTvis damatebiT riskis wonis

da efeqtianobis zrda, rasac masStabis eko-

miniWeba aRniSnuli riskebis mniSvnelovnad

nomia uwyobda xels. grZeldeboda sesxebze

Semcirebas uzrunvelyofs.

iyo

gamowveuli.

umoqmedo

sesxebis

saprocento ganakveTebis Semcireba, rasac

saqarTvelos sabanko sistema adekvatu-

Tavis mxriv, arsebuli konkurenciac gana-

rad aris kapitalizebuli da gaaCnia sakmarisi

pirobebda. saxsrebis Rirebulebis kuTxiT

resursebi finansuri stabilurobis riske-

Semcireba saxeze ar iyo. aseT fonze, mzardi

bis Sesamcireblad. pozitiurad fasdeba ka-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

zrunvas

yuradReba eTmoboda sakredito standartebis

pitalis zrdis resursebi rogorc aqcion-

mniSvnelovnad uwyobda xels. saqarTvelos

erTa siZlieris, aseve momgebianobis kuTxiT.

erovnuli bankis monawilebiT saqarTveloSi

sakredito

pirvelad Catarda msoflio dazogvis dRe.

danakargebis

Semdgomi

matebis

SemTxvevaSic, maRali saoperacio mogebisa da

ganmavlobaSi

mniSvne-

lovani reformebi gatarda erovnuli bankis

bamisad sakredito danaxarjebis SemcirebiT

fizikuri da programuli infrastruqturis

gamowveuli momgebianobis dabali maCveneb-

gasaumjobeseblad.

lebi ufro droebiT movlenad unda Sefas-

nerga axali sagadaxdo da fasiani qaRaldebis

des. amasTan, ukve praqtikaSi adaptirebuli

angariSsworebis sistema marTvis Tanamedrove

kontrcikluri

maRalteqnologiuri

sazedamxedvelo

politikis

2010-2011

wlebSi

meqanizmebiT.

dai-

siste-

Sesabamisad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi savalu-

mis danergvam qveyanaSi bankTaSorisi anga-

to riskis wonis garkveuli Semcireba stre-

riSsworeba kidev ufro usafrTxo da swrafi

sul viTarebaSi aseve potenciur Semakavebel

gaxada. saqarTveloSi moqmedi fuladi saxsrebis

faqtorad SeiZleba ganixilebodes.

sagadaxdo sistemebidan mniSvnelovania drois realur

reJimSi

(RTGS)

angariSsworebis

nulma bankma SeimuSava kapitalis adekvaturo-

sistema, romlis mflobeli da operatori

bis ganaxlebuli debuleba, romelic efuZneba

erovnuli bankia. RTGS sistemis meSveobiT

sabanko zedamxedvelobis bazelis komitetis

xorcieldeba saqarTveloSi erovnuli valu-

„bazel II-isa“ da „bazel III-is“ dokumentebs. ga-

tiT bankTaSorisi gadaricxvebi. igi srulad

naxlebuli midgoma ufro metad iqneba morge-

integrirebulia saqarTvelos erovnuli ban-

buli komerciuli bankebis riskis profilze.

kis

2012 wels aseve mniSvnelovani yuradReba

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

periodis

ekonomikuri aqtivobis gaumjobesebis Sesa-

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos erov-

fasiani

qaRaldebis

sistemasTan (CSD),

angariSsworebis

romelic

saxelmwifo

daxvewas da praqtikaSi danergvas. SemuSavda

tars

„bazel II-is“ standartebze dafuZnebuli axa-

saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebiT operaciebi

li saoperacio riskebis marTvis debulebis

rogorc pirvelad, aseve meorad bazarze

proeqti.

xorcieldeba yvelaze miRebuli DVP sis-

momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis mxriv

fasiani

warmoadgens

eqceoda saoperacio riskebis marTvis CarCos

savaWro

qaRaldebis

depozi-

platformas.

Sedegad,

temiT, rac praqtikulad nulamde amcirebs

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki axorcielebda

tranzaqciul

komerciul bankebSi dafiqsirebuli preten-

sistemuri da infrastruqturuli reformis

ziebis regularul analizs. wlis ganmavloba-

farglebSi, 2011 wels eqspluataciaSi gaiSva

Si SeiniSneboda komerciuli bankebis mxridan

saerTaSoriso

momxmarebelTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebisa

sistema (WSS), romelic saSualebas iZleva

da maTi finansuri ganaTlebis donis amaR-

drois realur reJimSi ganxorcieldes sa-

lebis kuTxiT ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebeb-

investicio saqmianoba analitikuri da sa-

is mzardi tendencia. ramdenime komerciulma

prognozo

bankma Seqmna specialuri bukleti, romelic

2012 wels mimdinareobda infrastruqturis

momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvas eZRvneba da

funqcionalis Semdgomi gaumjobesebisa da

moicavs „sabanko momsaxurebis gawevisas momx-

gafarToebis samuSaoebi.

riskebs.

erovnuli

rezervebis

aspeqtebis

marTvis

bankis

axali

gaTvaliswinebiT.

informaciis

sabanko infrastruqturis gaumjobesebis

miwodebis wesis“ ZiriTadi aspeqtebis momx-

kuTxiT aRsaniSnavia, rom 2011 wels bankebma

mareblisaTvis martiv da gasageb enaze axsnas.

daiwyes

kvlav ZalaSi iyo sesxebis winmswrebad da-

formatSi gadayvana. 2013 wlis 1 ianvridan ki

mareblebisaTvis

aucilebeli

farvis sakomisios limiti, rac konkurencias 14

bolo

momxmareblis

angariSebis

IBAN

saqarTvelos teritoriaze sabanko gadaxdis

turis arsebuli riskebi da gaizarda infor-

operaciebi

maciis saimedoobis xarisxi.

mxolod

IBAN

formatis angariSebiT, riTac mniSvnelovnad

2012 wlis noemberSi, q. TbilisSi gamarTul

Semcirdeba angariSis nomris SecdomiT miTi-

kiberusafrTxoebisa da IT inovaciebis ri-

Tebis albaToba da gadaxdis operaciis Tanxis

giT me-5 regionul konferenciaze (GITI 2012),

mimRebis angariSze asaxvis xangrZlivoba.

saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma sam nominaci-

dReisaTvis erovnuli valutiT angariSswo-

aSi gaimarjva – „yvelaze warmatebuli infra-

reba, sxvadasxva bankis momxmarebels Soris,

struqturuli gadawyveta“, „saukeTeso IT me-

SesaZlebelia ramdenime wamSi ganxorciel-

nejmenti” da „wlis saukeTeso IT“.

des maqsimalurad usafrTxod da mcire da-

zemoaRwerili infrastruqturuli refor-

angariS-

mebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad Semcirda erovnu-

reforma

li bankis saoperacio riskebi, gaizarda siste-

SesaZlebelia saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad da-

mebis usafrTxoeba, stabiluroba, mdgradoba,

srulebulad

informaciis saimedooba, konfidencialoba,

naxarjebiT. sworebis

Sesabamisad,

sabanko

infrastruqturuli

CaiTvalos.

angariSsworebis

likvidurobis uzrunvelsayofad erovnuli

mTlianoba da xelmisawvdomoba.

bankis mizani momaval wlebSi iqneba sabanko

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis fizikuri

da arasabanko angariSsworebis sistemebis

infrastruqturis gaumjobesebis kuTxiT ga-

Semdgomi

tarebuli RonisZiebebidan aRsaniSnavia saqar-

ganviTareba,

samarTlebrivi

ga-

Tvelos erovnuli bankis administraciuli

remosa da procedurebis daxvewa. 2012 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

ofisis gadasvla axal SenobaSi da axali saka-

statistikuri

so centris mSeneblobis dasruleba. saqarT-

informaciis xarisxis amaRlebisa da monacemTa

velos erovnuli bankis axali ofisi mdebare-

warmoebis biznes-procesis optimizaciis mimar-

obs sanapiros quCaze. dRemde saqarTvelos

TulebiT, finansuri da sagareo seqtorebis

erovnuli banki ramdenime SenobaSi iyo gan-

statistikaze

ufro

Tavsebuli, rac TavisTavad aferxebda mis

mzardi moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. am mizniT,

efeqtur funqcionirebas. garda amisa, amor-

mimdinareobda finansuri, makroekonomikuri

tizebuli Senobebi veRar pasuxobda dacvisa

da usafrTxoebis Tanamedrove moTxovnebs.

ganagrZobda

saqmianobas

momxmarebelTa

statistikuri

sul

monacemebis

mopovebis,

damuSavebisa da gavrcelebis avtomatizaciis

fizikuri

sistemis (sebstati) SemuSaveba da danergva.

zrunva erovnulma bankma, axali, saerTaSo-

sistema, romelic 2013 wlis seqtembridan

riso standartebis Sesabamisi sakaso centris

amoqmeddeba,

statistikuri

mSeneblobiT daiwyo. Tanamedrove teqnolo-

Seumcirebs

giebiT aRWurvili sakaso centri 2012 wlis

saangariSgebo tvirTs, xolo, meore mxriv,

ivnisSi gaixsna da dRes ukve saerTaSorisod

gazrdis statistikuri informaciis xarisxs.

aRiarebuli normebis mixedviT, dacvisa da

informaciis

erTi

mxriv,

momwodeblebs

infrastruqturis

ganviTarebaze

erovnuli bankis serveruli centris sain-

usafrTxoebis avtomatizirebuli sistemebiT

Jinro infrastruqturis gaumjobesebis miz-

mimdinareobs naRd fulTan da faseulobebT-

niT, 2012 wels dasrulda TbilisSi erTmaneTi-

an dakavSirebuli yvela operacia. amasTan,

sagan daSorebuli ori serveruli centris

2012 wlis dekemberSi eqspluataciaSi Sevida

ageba. aseve erovnulma bankma Seqmna sarezer-

erovnuli bankis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani –

vo centri, sadac ganTavsebulia mcire zomis

naRdi fulis marTvis sistema. sistemis da-

sarezervo serveruli centri. Sedegad, mni-

nergvis Semdeg, erovnuli bankis axal sakaso

Svnelovnad Semcirda fizikuri infrastruq-

centrSi erovnuli bankis naRdi fulis marT-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

ganxorcieldeba

vis procesi srulad avtomatizirebuli gaxda.

saqmianobis regulireba, rac moicavs mis reg-

2012 wels miRebuli normatiuli dokumen-

istracias, registraciis gauqmebas, Sesafer-

tebidan aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos kanoni „sa-

isobis kriteriumebis, riskebis gamJRavneb-

gadaxdo sistemisa da sagadaxdo momsaxurebis

is, minimaluri kapitalis, likvidobisa da

Sesaxeb“. kanonis miRebis mizania saqarTvelos

moTxovnebis dadgenas, aseve Semowmebas, Sez-

sagadaxdo sistemis usafrTxo, mdgradi da

Rudvebisa da sanqciebis dawesebas;

efeqtiani funqcionireba. aseve mniSvnelovani sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi ganxorciel-

banksa

da „saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb“

bul subieqtebs Soris mimowera SeiZleba

saqarTvelos organul kanonSi. kerZod:

ganxorcieldes rogorc materialuri, aseve

– erovnul banks mieniWa sruli uflebamosileba zedamxedveloba gauwios sagadaxdo

zedamxedvelobas

daqvemdebare-

eleqtronuli formiT, romlebsac eniWebaT Tanabari iuridiuli Zala. garda zemoaRniSnuli cvlilebebisa, 2012

xurebis provaideris saqmianobas maTi regis-

wels momzadda da gamoica rigi normatiu-

traciis, registraciis gauqmebisa da maTTvis

li aqtebi. maT Soris: „sagadaxdo sisteme-

minimaluri moTxovnebis dadgenis, SezRudveb-

bis Sesaxeb“ kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad,

isa da sanqciebis dawesebis gziT;

damtkicebul iqna „sagadaxdo momsaxurebis provaideris saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi

ito institutis cneba da erovnul banks

registraciisa

mieniWa uflebamosileba iuridiuli piri mi-

wesi“. aseve

iCnios kvalificiur sakredito institutad.

operatoris saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi reg-

erovnuli banki uflebamosilia ganaxorcie-

istraciis da registraciis gauqmebis wesi“.

los kvalificiuri sakredito institutis

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

sistemis operatorisa da sagadaxdo momsa-

– SemoRebul iqna kvalificiuri sakred-

– ganxorcielebuli cvlilebiT erovnul

registraciis

gauqmebis

SemuSavda „sagadaxdo sistemis

1. მაკროეკონომიკური გარემო

1.1 მსოფლიო ეკონომიკა

warmoadgenda. SedarebiT pozitiuria viTareba mzard da ganviTarebad saxelmwifoebSi, Tumca, sagareo

seqtoris

Semcirebuli

moTxovna

012 wels msoflio ekonomikis zrda wina da klebadi saerTaSoriso fasebi garkveul

welTan SedarebiT kidev ufro metad safrTxes warmoSobs maTi ekonomikuri zrdi-

Sesustda da globaluri gajansaRebis sTvis. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis (ssf)

procesi safrTxis qveS dadga. momxmarebelTa SefasebiT, 2012 wlis globalurma ekonoda investorTa ndobis deficiti da gaurmikurma zrdam 3.3 procenti Seadgina. prokvevloba mniSvnelovan dabrkolebas qmnida gnozis mixedviT, es maCvenebeli mxolod 0.3 mravali ganviTarebuli qveynisTvis, sadac procentuli punqtiT gaizrdeba momdevno umuSevrobis maRali done, Semcirebuli mTliwels, xolo 2014-Si ki 4.1 procents gautolani moTxovna, fiskaluri da finansuri disdeba (ix. diagrama N 1.1). balansebi kvlavac dauZlevel problemebs diagrama N 1.1 mTliani Sida produqtis realuri zrda msoflioSi 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

-2% -4%

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

-6%

msoflio

evrozona

aSS

mzardi da ganviTarebadi qveynebi

wyaro: saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi, World Economic Outlook (ganaxleba ian. 2013)

aqtiuri fiskaluri da monetaruli poli-

gamoTqva mzadyofna saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi

tikis ganxorcielebis miuxedavad, evrozonis

SeiZinos moklevadiani saxelmwifo fasiani

krizisi 2012 wels gaRrmavda. ekonomika Sem-

qaRaldebi. aRniSnulma iniciativam gazarda

cirda 0.4 procentiT, xolo wamyvani qveyne-

momxmarebelTa da investorTa ndoba da wlis

bis, germaniisa da safrangeTis, mSp gaizarda

bolosTvis evrozonis finansuri maCveneble-

mxolod 0.9 procentiTa da 0.1 procentiT,

bic gaumjobesda. miuxedavad amisa, arse-

Sesabamisad. safinanso bazrebi kvlavac skep-

buli prognoziT, evrozonis ekonomika 2013

tikurad

periferiis

wels damatebiT Semcirdeba 0.2 procentiT da

saxelmwifoTa mzaobas gaataron fiskaluri

mxolod 2014 wels dafiqsirdeba zrda 1 pro-

da struqturuli reformebi, ris gamoc maT

centis odenobiT.

uyureben

evrozonis

saxelmwifo valebze sakmaod maRali sapro-

2012 wels inflaciis done evrozonaSi miz-

cento spredebi narCundeba da mniSvnelovnad

nobriv maCvenebelTan axlos SenarCunda, ma-

rTuldeba maTi momsaxureba. am mxriv pozi-

gram momdevno wlebisTvis inflaciuri molo-

tiuri nabiji gadaidga evropis centraluri

dinebi Semcirebulia. am tendencias saqonelsa

bankis mier, romelmac 2012 wlis seqtemberSi

da momsaxurebaze susti moTxovna da kerZo

seqtorSi xelfasebze Semcirebisken mimarTu-

da arsebuli prognoziT momdevno wels 2 pro-

li zewola ganapirobebs. saerTaSoriso sav-

centian miznobriv maCvenebels Camocdeba (ix.

aluto fondis SefasebiT, evrozonis infla-

diagrama N 1.2).

ciam 2012 wels saSualod 2.5 procenti Seadgina diagrama N 1.2 inflacia msoflioSi 10%

0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

-2%

msoflio

evrozona

aSS

mzardi da ganviTarebadi qveynebi

wyaro: saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi, World Economic Outlook (oqt. 2012)

rebuli

sagareo

moTxovnis

mizezi

gaxda.

salodnelze metad izrdeboda biznes inves-

Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom 5-wliani vardnis

ticiebisa da eqsportis xarjze. Tumca, Sem-

Semdeg SeiniSneboda uZravi qonebis bazris

dgom periodSi aRmavloba Seferxda, erTi

gamococxleba, rasac xeli Seuwyo uCveulod

mxriv, Sesustebuli globaluri ekonomikuri

dabalma saprocento ganakveTebma ipoTekur

aqtivobis, xolo, meore mxriv, fiskaluri

sesxebze.

politikis cvlilebis riskis zrdis gamo.

produqti 2012 wels 2.3 procentiT gaizarda

aRniSnuli riski gamowveuli iyo sabiujeto

da prognozis mixedviT, 2013 wels es maCve-

deficitis mosalodneli SemcirebiT (fiscal cliff)

nebeli 2 procentamde daiklebs fiskaluri

gadasaxadebis gazrdisa da samTavrobo xar-

faqtorebis zegavleniT.

jebis Sekvecis gziT, rac Tavis mxriv gamoiw1

vevda zomier recesias 2013 wels .

erT-erT

moTxovna

mTliani

Sida

garkveulwilad

procentamde Semcirda 2012 wels, miuxeda-

investiciebi warmoadgenda, magram 2012 wlis

vad imisa, rom federalurma sarezervo sis-

meore

gaurkvevlobis

temam kidev ufro metad Searbila monetaru-

pirobebSi firmebis riskisadmi midrekileba

li politika. kerZod, centralurma bankma

mniSvnelovnad Semcirda da Sedegad investi-

gamoTqva mzadyofna, umuSevrobis donis 6.5

ciebze

amisa,

procentze metad Semcirebamde SeenarCunebina

umuSevrobis jer kidev maRalma donem, Sea-

uprecedentod dabali saprocento ganakveTi

ferxa

xo-

(Fed Funds Rate) 2015 wlis meore naxevramde

lo globaluri ekonomikuri krizisi Semci-

da, amasTan, damatebiT gaezarda fulis mi-

moTxovna

faqtors

ciis maCvenebeli 3.1 procentidan (2011 w.) 2

biznes

naxevarSi

mTavar

Sesustebuli

aSS-is

aisaxa samomxmareblo fasebze aSS-Si. infla-

ukanasknel wlebSi aSS-is ekonomikis gajansaRebis

sabolood,

arsebuli

Sesustda.

adgilobrivi

garda

moTxovnis

zrda,

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

2012 wlis dasawyisSi aSS-is ekonomika mo-

1. riski met-naklebad Semcirda mas Semdeg, rac 2013 wlis 2 ianvars ZalaSi Sevida Sesabamisi kanonis kompromisuli varianti, romliTac daSvebul iqna gadasaxadebis ufro naklebi zrda, vidre Tavdapirvel variantSi, xolo xarjebis kuTxiT iniciativebis ganxilva ramdenime TviT gadaido.

wodeba ipoTekuri fasiani qaRaldebis SeZeniT

w.) 8.7 procentamde gaizarda 2012 wels, rac,

(mortgage-backed securities). am faqtebis gaTva-

erTi mxriv, energoresursebsa da sursaTze

liswinebiT, momdevno wlebSi prognozirebulia

gazrdilma fasebma, xolo meore mxriv, da-

inflaciis zrda saSualod 2.5 procentamde.

matebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadis zrdam ga-

ganviTarebuli qveynebis siZneleebi aisaxeba mzard da ganviTarebad saxelmwifoTa ekonomikazec,

ZiriTadad

2012 wels ukrainis ekonomika jer kidev

sa-

ganicdida 2008-2009 wlebis sistemuri sabanko

gareo moTxovnisa da saqonelze aramdgradi

krizisis uaryofiT zegavlenas, rasac Tan

fasebis mizeziT. rac Seexeba eqsportze nak-

erTvoda mwiri sagareo moTxovna aRmosavleT

lebad damokidebul qveynebs, maT SemTxvevaSi

evropis

ekonomikuri zrdis Semaferxebel faqtorad

daciis araTanmimdevruli procesi da stiqi-

investiciebis

Sesustebuli

uri problemebi soflis meurneobis seqtor-

Sida moTxovna gvevlineba. miuxedavad ami-

Si. realuri mSp 3 procentiT gaizarda, rac

sa, globaluri prognozis Tanaxmad, mzardi

2.2 procentuli punqtiT naklebia 2011 wlis

da ganviTarebadi ekonomikis mqone qveynebis

maCvenebelze.

zrdis perspeqtiva gacilebiT imedismomce-

wels 6 procentuli punqtiT Semcirda da 2

mia, vidre ganviTarebuli qveynebisa. kerZod,

procenti Seadgina, rac ZiriTadad saeqspor-

saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis (ssf) prog-

to produqciaze saerTaSoriso fasebis kle-

nakleboba

Semcirebuli

napiroba.

nozis mixedviT , 2012 wels dafiqsirebuli 5.1

qveynebidan,

fiskaluri

inflaciis

konsoli-

maCvenebeli

2012

badi tendenciiT iyo gamowveuli.

procentiani zrdis Semdeg, 2013 wels mSp-is zrda 5.5 procents miaRwevs, xolo 2014 wels ki 5.9 procentamde moimatebs.

1.2 ეკონომიკური ზრდა

mzardi da ganviTarebadi ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi inflaciuri riskebi mcirea. um-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

ravles maTganSi sakmaod Serbilebuli monetaruli politikis miuxedavad arasakmarisi ekonomikuri zrda da kreditze naklebi xelmi-

012 wels qveynis realuri mTliani Sida

produqti 6.1 procentiT gaizarda. ekonomika maRali tempebiT wlis pirveli sa-

mi kvartalis ganmavlobaSi izrdeboda. wlis

sawvdomoba fasebze mniSvnelovan zewolas ver

pirvel da meore kvartalebSi realuri mSp-is

qmnis. 2013 wels mosalodnelia, rom sursaTis

wliurma zrdam Sesabamisad, 6.7 procenti da

fasebi zewolas Seqmnis mTlian inflaciaze,

8.2 procenti Seadgina, mesame kvartalSi re-

Tumca ganviTarebadi qveynebis inflacia mainc

aluri mSp wliurad 7.5 gaizarda. wlis bolos

zomieri iqneba. ssf-is SefasebiT, 2013 wels

zrdis tempma iklo, rac gansakuTrebiT mkveT-

mosalodnelia 5.8 procenti inflacia, 2012

rad meoTxe kvartalSi gamovlinda, rodesac

wels fasebis 6.1 procentiani zrdis Semdeg.

zrdam 2.8 procenti Seadgina.

saqarTvelos umsxviles savaWro partnior

mSp-ze moqmedi sezonuri faqtorebis gamo-

qveynebSi 2012 wels Senelebuli ekonomikuri

ricxviT koreqtirebuli monacemebis mixed-

zrda SeiniSneboda. Sida moTxovnis Sesustebis

viT, ekonomika yovel momdevno kvartalSi

Sedegad, TurqeTis realuri mSp-is zrdam mxo-

izrdeboda wina kvartalTan SedarebiT, me-

lod wliuri 3 procenti Seadgina, rac TiT-

oTxe kvartalis garda. amgvarad Sesworebuli

qmis samjer CamorCeba 2011 wlis maCvenebels.

monacemebiT, mSp-is zrda yvelaze maRali iyo

moTxovnis Sesusteba mkacrma monetarulma

mesame kvartalSi (3.3 procenti). wlis pirvel

politikam da momxmarebelTa ndobis Semcire-

da mesame meoTxedebSi zrdis tempi SedarebiT

bam gamoiwvia. inflacia 6.5 procentidan (2011

dabali iyo (Sesabamisad 0.2 procenti da 1.2 procenti). rac Seexeba meoTxe kvartals, sezonurad Sesworebuli mSp wina kvartalTan

2. ix. World Economic Outlook (ganaxleba ianvari 2013).

SedarebiT 3.6 procentiT Semcirda. 20

cxrili N 1.1 realuri mSp-is zrda da seqtoruli wvlilebi 2010-2012 ww. 2010

2011

2012

zrda

wvlili

zrda

wvlili

zrda

wvlili

-4.8%

-0.4%

8.0%

0.6%

-3.3%

-0.3%

samTomopovebiTi mrewveloba

4.6%

0.0%

-8.5%

-0.1%

2.0%

0.0%

damamuSavebeli mrewveloba

20.2%

1.4%

13.9%

1.1%

16.4%

1.4%

eleqtroenergiis, bunebrivi airisa da wylis warmoeba da ganawileba

2.0%

0.1%

7.2%

0.2%

-0.9%

0.0%

produqciis gadamuSaveba Sinameurneobebis mier

-4.6%

-0.1%

7.1%

0.2%

-2.0%

-0.1%

mSenebloba

6.5%

0.4%

7.1%

0.4%

11.4%

0.7%

vaWroba; avtomobilebis, sayofacxovrebo nawarmisa da piradi sargeblobis sagnebis remonti

14.1%

1.8%

5.6%

0.8%

7.3%

1.1%

sastumroebi da restornebi

13.1%

0.3%

8.0%

0.2%

11.8%

0.2%

transporti

13.0%

0.8%

6.7%

0.5%

5.9%

0.4%

kavSirgabmuloba

10.4%

0.4%

8.1%

0.3%

9.6%

0.3%

safinanso saqmianoba

14.7%

0.4%

24.3%

0.6%

15.0%

0.3%

operaciebi uZravi qonebiT, ijara da komerciuli momsaxureba

10.1%

0.4%

11.3%

0.5%

4.2%

0.2%

sakuTari sacxovreblis gamoyenebis pirobiTi renta

2.6%

0.1%

2.9%

0.1%

3.7%

0.1%

saxelmwifo mmarTveloba

0.8%

0.1%

3.3%

0.4%

3.2%

0.3%

ganaTleba

3.1%

0.1%

2.7%

0.1%

2.4%

0.1%

janmrTelobis dacva da socialuri momsaxureba

2.9%

0.2%

1.3%

0.1%

1.0%

0.1%

komunaluri, socialuri da personaluri momsaxureba

11.6%

0.4%

7.8%

0.3%

8.2%

0.3%

Sinamosamsaxuris saqmianoba da Sinameurneobebis saqmianoba, dakavSirebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebasTan sakuTari moxmarebisTvis

9.5%

0.0%

15.3%

0.0%

7.0%

0.0%

finansuri Suamavlobis momsaxurebis arapirdapiri Sefaseba

9.6%

-0.1%

20.5%

-0.2%

10.3%

-0.1%

soflis meurneoba, nadiroba da satyeo meurneoba, meTevzeoba da TevzWera

mSp sabaziso fasebSi

7.1%

6.1%

6.7%

5.8%

-3.3%

-0.3%

gadasaxadebi produqciaze

1.3%

0.2%

10.2%

1.4%

7.5%

1.1%

subsidiebi produqciaze

4.3%

0.0%

8.5%

0.0%

-0.4%

0.0%

mSp sabazro fasebSi

6.3%

7.2%

6.1%

rogorc mSp-is dinamikis seqtoruli ana-

danarCen seqtorebSi Seqmnili damatebuli

lizidan Cans, 2012 wlis ekonomikur zrdaSi

Rirebulebis zrdis wvlili mTlian zrdaSi

ZiriTadi wvlili damamuSavebeli mrewvelobis

SedarebiT mcire iyo. wliuri kleba „sof-

da vaWrobis seqtorebs miuZRvis. garda amisa,

lis meurneobis“ seqtoris garda mxolod

aRsaniSnavia 2012 wels mSeneblobis da safi-

„samTomopovebiT

nanso saqmianobis seqtorebis mniSvnelovani

da, rac saerTaSoriso bazrebze wiaRiseul

zrda da realuri mSp-is zrdaSi maTi maRali

nedleulze moTxovnis klebas ukavSirdeba.

wvlili. soflis meurneobis seqtori ki, wina wels dafiqsirebuli sakmaod mniSvnelova-

mrewvelobaSi“

dafiqsir-

moTxovna 2012 wels nominaluri mSp wina welTan SedarebiT 7.4 procentiT gaizarda, xolo mSp-is

ni zrdis Semdeg, kvlav Semcirda. 2012 wlis deflatorma 1.2 procentiT moimata. monacemebiT, realurma mSp-ma soflis meursaqstatis monacemebis mixedviT, „saboloo neobaSi wliurad 3.3 procentiT iklo. 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi, sakmaod maRali

moxmarebis“ kategoria nominalurad 4.7 pro-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

centiT gaizarda, xolo „mTliani kapitalis

zrda aCvenes, da Sesabamisad, ekonomikur

formirebis“ da „saqonlisa da momsaxurebis

zrdaSi sagrZnobi pozitiuri wvlili Seitanes

eqsportis“ nominalurma zrdam Sesabamisad,

Semdegma seqtorebma: „transporti“, „saxelm-

19.0 procenti da 13.9 procenti Seadgina. rac

wifo mmarTveloba“, „komunaluri, socialuri

Seexeba imports, igi 13.3 procentiT gaizarda

da personaluri momsaxureba“, „kavSirgabmu-

da misma wilma nominalur mSp-Si 58 procenti

loba“ da „sastumroebi da restornebi“.

Seadgina.

cxrili N 1.2 mTliani Sida produqti da misi gamoyeneba ZiriTadi kategoriebis mixedviT 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

mTliani Sida produqti sabazro fasebSi

13,790

16,994

19,075

17,986

20,743

24,344

26,139

xarjebi saboloo moxmarebaze

12,972

15,732

19,596

19,075

19,898

22,448

23,508

Sinameurneobebi

10,804

11,953

14,582

14,600

15,418

17,882

18,718

saxelmwifo marTvis organoebi

2,116

3,718

4,936

4,399

4,371

4,431

4,633

109

136

157

(+) mTliani kapitalis formireba

4,255

5,448

4,952

2,343

4,478

6,368

7,575

ZiriTadi kapitalis mTliani formireba

3,524

4,370

4,099

2,755

4,009

5,474

6,497

731

1,077

853

-412

469

894

1,079

4,532

5,303

5,459

5,349

7,250

8,823

10,048

Smako

maragebis cvlileba (+) saqonlisa da momsaxurebis eqsporti saqonlis eqsporti

2,956

3,479

3,587

3,163

4,390

5,476

5,825

momsaxurebis eqsporti

1,576

1,824

1,873

2,185

2,860

3,347

4,223

(-) saqonlisa da momsaxurebis importi

7,863

9,848

11,140

8,801

10,945

13,334

15,105

saqonlis eqsporti

6,574

8,295

9,304

7,173

9,007

11,217

12,710

momsaxurebis eqsporti

1,289

1,553

1,837

1,628

1,938

2,117

2,395

(+) statistikuri gansxvaveba

-107

359

209

112

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

2012 wels saboloo moxmarebis umsxvilesi nawili – Sinameurneobebis samomxmareblo danaxarjebi3 – nominalurad 4.7 procentiT gaizarda. samomxmareblo fasebis cvlilebis efeqtis gamoricxvis Sedegad miRebuli realuri kerZo moxmareba wlis ganmavlobaSi zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeboda. kerZod, pirveli sami kvartalis ganmavlobaSi zrdis tempi stabilurad imatebda, Tumca meoTxe kvartalSi zrdis tempi Semcirda. sabolood, wlis ganmavlobaSi realuri kerZo moxmareba wliurad 5.6 procentiT gaizarda. aRsaniSnavia, rom wlis ganmavlobaSi realuri kerZo moxmarebis zrda CamorCeboda ekonomikis zrdas, rac moTxovnis mxridan susti inflaciuri zewolis maniSnebelia. 2011 wlidan moyolebuli investiciebi swrafad izrdeboda da wliuri zrda kvartalebis mixedviT saSualod 40 procents aRemateboda. 2012 wlis mesame kvartalSi zrdis maCvenebeli sagrZnoblad, 8.9 procentamde Semcirda. ufro metic, meoTxe kvartalSi kapitalis formireba wliurad 2.1 procentiT Semcirda. miuxedavad wlis meore naxevarSi aRniSnuli Semcirebisa, 2012 wels mTliani kapitalis formirebis donem 19.0 procentiT

moimata da ekonomikis zrdaSi udidesi wvlili Seitana. sagulisxmoa, rom 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi, kapitalis formirebis matebasTan erTad, ekonomikuri zrdis umniSvnelovanesi ganmsazRvreli faqtoria eqsporti, rasac umTavresad momsaxurebis eqsporti, kerZod, turistuli Semosavlebi ganapirobebs. 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi eqsportis zrda ufro swrafi iyo, vidre 2011 wels. mzardi tendenciiT xasiaTdeba agreTve am kategoriis zrdis dadebiTi gavlena. 2012 wlis mesame kvartalSi ekonomikur zrdaSi udidesi wvlili swored eqsportze modioda. miuxedavad meoTxe kvartalSi dafiqsirebuli zrdis tempis Senelebisa, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis wminda eqsportis wvlili dadebiTia ekonomikis mTlian zrdaSi. ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi ekonomikaSi mTlian danazogebs zrdis tendencia axasiaTebs. iseve rogorc wina periodebSi, 2012 welsac qveynis mTliani erovnuli Semosavlis zrda ufro maRali iyo, vidre mTliani moxmarebisa. Sedegad, gaizarda erovnuli danazogi da winaswari SefasebiT erovnuli Semosavlis 16.7 procents miaRwia4. danazogebis aRniSnuli mateba nawilobriv afinansebs gaz-

3. 2012 wels Sinameurneobebis mier saboloo moxmarebaze gaweulma danaxarjebma mTliani saboloo moxmarebis 79.6 procenti Seadgina. 4. 2011 wlis monacemebiT, erovnuli danazogi mTliani erovnuli Semosavlis 13.1 procents Seadgenda.

gomatareblebis gareSe), romelic dekembris bolosaTvis –0.2 procents gautolda. iseve rogorc sxva dabalSemosavlian qveynebSi, saqarTveloSic sursaTis xvedriTi wili samomxmareblo kalaTaSi SedarebiT maRalia da Sesabamisad, maRalia inflaciis maCveneblis mgrZnobeloba sursaTis fasebis cvlilebis mimarT. 2012 wlis bolosaTvis, inflaciis miznobrivi maCveneblidan mniSvnelovan CamorCenas didwilad sursaTze dafiqsirebuli sabazo efeqtiT gamowveuli fasebis Semcireba ganapirobebs. 2010 wlis bolosa da 2011 wlis pirvel naxevarSi rogorc regionSi, aseve msoflioSi gansakuTrebiT cudi mosavlianobis gamo, sasursaTo produqciaze fasebis mniSvnelovani zrda dafiqsirda. sursaTis aRniSnuli gaZvireba droebiTi xasiaTis iyo da Sesabamisad mosalodneli iyo mosavlianobis zrdasTan erTad Semdgom wlebSi am trendis Sebruneba. Tumca, rogorc cnobilia, fasebis elastiuroba klebis mimarTulebiT ufro naklebia, vidre zrdis mimarTulebiT. amdenad, miwodebis SezRudvis gamo gazrdili fasebis kvlav Semcireba droSi gawelili procesia da dRevandel inflaciazec axdens gavlenas. aRniSnuli procesis Sedegad, 2012 wlis dasawyisidanve sursaTze fasebis kleba fiqsirdeboda. deflaciis maCvenebelma maisis

1.3 სამომხმარებლო ფასების ცვლილება 012 wels, iseve rogorc wina wlebSi, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis ZiriTadi amocana iyo qveyanaSi fasebis stabilurobis uzrunvelyofa. 2011 wlis meore naxevridan dawyebuli wliuri inflaciis klebis tendencia 2012 welsac gagrZelda. ufro metic, Tebervlis Tvidan moyolebuli wliuri inflaciis maCvenebeli uaryofiTi gaxda da wlis bolosaTvis –1.4 procents gautolda. amave periodisaTvis saSualo wliuri inflaciis maCvenebelma –0.9 procenti Seadgina. amgvarad, wliuri inflacia mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis miznobriv maCvenebels, romelic saSualovadiani periodisaTvis 6 procents Seadgens. analogiurad, klebis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba sabazo inflaciis maCvenebelic (sursaTisa da ener-

diagrama N 1.3 mTliani da sabazo (sursaTisa da energomatareblebis gareSe) inflaciebi (2008-2012 wlebi) 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0

6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

rdil investiciebs. erovnuli danazogebis zrdis tempis matebis tendenciis SenarCuneba mniSvnelovania im TvalsazrisiT, rom danazogebis arsebuli done jer ar aris sakmarisi mimdinare angariSis deficitis mdgrad donemde Semcirebis uzrunvelsayofad.

-2.0 -4.0

noe-12

seq-12

mai-12

ivl-12

ian-12

mar-12

seq-11

noe-11

mai-11

ivl-11

ian-11

sabazo inflacia (arasasursaTo, energomatareblebis gareSe)

mar-11

seq-10

noe-10

ivl-10

mai-10

ian-10

mar-10

noe-09

seq-09

mai-09

ivl-09

mar-09

ian-09

seq-08

noe-08

mai-08

ivl-08

ian-08

mar-08

-6.0

mTliani inflacia

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri da erovnuli bankis gaangariSebebi

bolosaTvis 11.5 procents miaRwia. wlis meore naxevarSi klebis tempma SedarebiT iklo da wlis bolosaTvis 4.1 procents gautolda. sursaTis gavlena wliuri deflaciis saerTo maCvenebelze daaxloebiT 1.3 procentul punqts Seadgenda. 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi dabali inflacia fiqsirdeboda Cvens ZiriTad savaWro partnior qveynebSi, rogoricaa azerbaijani, somxeTi da ukraina. radgan saqarTveloSi samomxmareblo kalaTis sakmaod mniSvnelovani nawili importirebuli produqciisgan Sedgeba, partnior qveynebSi fasebis dinamika saqarTveloSi inflaciis angariSgasawev faqtors warmoadgens da dResdReobiT inflaciis importi qveyanaSi dabali inflaci-

is donis erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli faqtoria. 2011 wlis ivnisis Tvidan moyolebuli, qveyanaSi importirebul saqonelze fasebis zrdis temps daRmavali trendi aqvs. ufro metic, 2012 wlis meore kvartalis bolosaTvis samomxmareblo kalaTaSi Semaval importirebul saqonelze deflacia dafiqsirda. igive tendencia gagrZelda wlis meore naxevarSic da deflaciis maCvenebeli kidev ufro gaizarda. dekembris bolosaTvis importirebul saqonelze fasebis saerTo donis cvlileba –1.8 procents gautolda, xolo misi wvlili wliuri inflaciis maCvenebelSi daaxloebiT –0.7 procentul punqts Seadgenda. adgilobriv saqonelze inflacia 0.1 procenti iyo.

diagrama N 1.4 importirebuli5 da adgilobrivi saqonlis inflacia 20%

15%

10%

-5%

adgilobrivi

seq-12

noe-12

mai-12

ivl-12

ian-12

mar-12

seq-11

noe-11

mai-11

ivl-11

ian-11

mar-11

seq-10

noe-10

mai-10

ivl-10

ian-10

mar-10

seq-09

noe-09

mai-09

ivl-09

ian-09

mar-09

seq-08

noe-08

mai-08

ivl-08

ian-08

importuli

mar-08

seq-07

noe-07

mai-07

ivl-07

ian-07

-10%

mar-07

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

sul

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri da erovnuli bankis gaangariSebebi

5. importirebuli da adgilobrivi saqonlis inflacia gaiangariSeba erovnuli bankis mier saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuridan miRebuli samomxmareblo kalaTis calkeuli komponentebis indeqsebis mixedviT.

sainteresoa agreTve vaWrobadi6 da ara-

saqarTveloa, msoflio fasebze zegavlenis

vaWrobadi saqonlis fasebis dinamikaze dak-

moxdena ar SeuZlia. amasTan aravaWrobadi

virveba. bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi

saqonlis fasebze zewola ufro Zlieria.

fasebi aravaWrobad saqonelze ufro swrafi

2008 wlis meore naxevris Semdeg aRniSnuli

tempebiT izrdeboda, vidre vaWrobad saqon-

tendencia Sesustda, radgan zogadi makroe-

elze, rac damaxasiaTebelia ganviTarebadi

konomikuri garemodan gamomdinare moTxovnis

qveynebisaTvis. kapitalis mniSvnelovani mo-

mkveTri zrda aRar SeiniSneboda, ramac ara-

culobebiT

gaizarda

vaWrobad seqtorSi fasebis zrdis tempis Sem-

mosaxleobis gankargvadi Semosavali da Sede-

cireba gamoiwvia. 2012 wlis meore naxevarSi

gad erToblivi moTxovna. aRniSnuli sxva Tan-

aravaWrobad seqtorSi fasebi praqtikulad

abar pirobebSi iwvevs aravaWrobad saqonelze

aRar gazrdila. amave dros, ekonomikuri Se-

fasebis ufro swraf zrdas, vidre vaWrobad

nelebis fonze, saerTaSoriso bazrebze sa-

saqonelze, radganac vaWrobadi saqonlis fa-

saqonlo fasebis klebis paralelurad, 2011

sebs ZiriTadad msoflio bazrebze arsebuli

welTan SedarebiT fasebis Semcireba dafiq-

tendenciebi gansazRvravs, xolo iseTi mcire

sirda vaWrobadi saqonlis SemTxvevaSi.

Semodinebis

ekonomikis

gazrdil

Sedegad

moTxovnas,

rogoric

diagrama N 1.5 vaWrobadi da aravaWrobadi saqonlis fasebis indeqsis dinamika 2011=100 110 105 100 95 90 85

75 70 65

ivl-12

oqt-12

ian-12

apr-12

ivl-11

oqt-11

ian-11

apr-11

oqt-10

ivl-10

ian-10

apr-10

oqt-09

apr-09

ivl-09

ian-09

ivl-08

oqt-08

ian-08

apr-08

oqt-07

ivl-07

ian-07

vaWrobadi

apr-07

ivl-06

oqt-06

ian-06

apr-06

aravaWrobadi

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri da erovnuli bankis gaangariSebebi

calkeuli sasaqonlo jgufebis mixedviT

efeqtiT aris gamowveuli. aseve maRali iyo

fasebis cvlilebis ganxilva gviCvenebs, rom

fasebis kleba „dasveneba, garToba da kultu-

2012 wlis bolosaTvis, samomxmareblo fasebis

ra“ da „tansacmeli da fexsacmeli“ sasaqonlo

saerTo donis Semcirebis yvelaze maRali tem-

jgufebis SemTxvevaSi, sadac fasebis done

pebi dafiqsirda „sursaTisa da ualkoholo

Sesabamisad 3.5 procentiT da 3.2 procentiT

sasmelebis“ kategoriaSi Semaval produqteb-

Semcirda. samomxmareblo fasebis 2.5 procen-

ze da am maCvenebelma 3.6 procenti Seadgina,

tiani kleba dafiqsirda „sacxovrebeli saxli,

rac rogorc aRiniSna, umTavresad sabazo

wyali, eleqtroenergia, airi da saTbobis sxva

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

6. saqoneli da momsaxureba, romlis realizaciac SesaZlebelia warmoebis adgilidan moSorebiT.

saxeebis“ kategoriaSi Semaval saqonelsa da

restornebis“ seqtorSi gaweuli momsaxurebis

momsaxurebaze,

da-

fasebma, xolo „jandacvis“ sferoSi fasebis

sufTavebis momsaxurebis gadasaxadis Semcire-

saerTo donis zrdam 2.8 procenti Seadgina.

bis Sedegia. „ganaTlebis“ seqtorSi fasebi 1.7

fasebis mcire mateba dafiqsirda „alkoho-

procentiT Semcirda, xolo jgufSi „aveji,

luri sasmelebis da Tambaqos“ da „sxvadasx-

saojaxo nivTebi da mowyobilobebi, saxlis

va saqonelisa da momsaxurebis“ sasaqonlo

movla-SekeTeba“ fasebis saerTo donis klebam

jgufebSi Semaval saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze.

0.8 procenti Seadgina. analogiurad, wina wel-

saqonlis moxmarebis xangrZlivobis mixedviT

Tan SedarebiT, fasebi Semcirda „kavSirgabmu-

fasebis cvlilebis ganxilva gviCvenebs, rom

lobis“ da „transportis“ sferoebSi gaweul

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi samomxmareblo fasebis

momsaxurebaze, Sesabamisad, 0.5 da 0.1 pro-

saerTo done Semcirda rogorc xangrZlivi da

centiT. fasebis saerTo donis klebis fonze

xanmokle, ise saSualo xangrZlivobis moxmare-

aRsaniSnavia, rom fasebis mateba dafiqsirda

bis saqonelze. momsaxurebaze saangariSo peri-

ramdenime jgufSi: 2011 welTan SedarebiT 3.6

odis bolosaTvis samomxmareblo fasebi 1.4

procentiT imata „sastumroebis, kafeebis da

procentiT gaizarda.

rac

erTmniSvnelovnad

cxrili N 1.3 inflaciis (sfi) maCveneblebi calkeuli komponentebis mixedviT (procenti), maTi wona samomxmareblo kalaTaSi (procenti) da zegavlena sfi-ze (procentuli punqti)

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

2011 wlis dekembris wonebi

dek12 / dek11

ian12dek12/ian11dek11

inflacia

wvlili

inflacia

wvlili

sul

100.0%

-1.4%

-0.9%

sursaTi da ualkoholo sasmelebi

30.3%

-3.6%

-1.1%

-4.5%

-1.4%

sursaTi

27.5%

-4.1%

-1.1%

-5.0%

-1.4%

puri da purproduqtebi

7.4%

-1.9%

-0.1%

-5.9%

-0.5%

xorci da xorcis produqtebi

5.2%

-1.0%

-0.1%

5.2%

0.3%

Tevzeuli

0.3%

-5.2%

0.0%

4.6%

0.0%

rZe, yveli da kvercxi

3.9%

-2.0%

-0.1%

1.6%

0.1%

zeTi da cximi

2.0%

-4.2%

-0.1%

-3.4%

-0.1%

xili, yurZeni

1.2%

12.0%

0.1%

-20.6%

-0.4%

bostneuli, baRCeuli, kartofilis da sxva bolqvovanebis CaTvliT

4.2%

-16.8%

-0.7%

-14.9%

-0.7%

Saqari, jemi, Tafli, vaJinebi, Sokoladi, sakonditro nawarmi

2.5%

-7.6%

-0.2%

-9.9%

-0.3%

kvebis sxva produqtebi

0.7%

1.8%

0.0%

3.0%

0.0%

ualkoholo sasmelebi

2.9%

0.7%

0.0%

3.9%

0.1%

alkoholuri sasmelebi, Tambaqo

5.5%

1.7%

0.1%

1.0%

0.1%

tansacmeli da fexsacmeli

2.6%

-3.2%

-0.1%

-5.6%

-0.1%

sacxovrebeli saxli, wyali, eleqtroenergia, airi da saTbobis sxva saxeebi

8.2%

-2.5%

-0.2%

0.8%

0.1%

aveji, saojaxo nivTebi da mowyobiloba, saxlis movla-SekeTeba

5.1%

-0.8%

0.0%

-0.9%

0.0%

janmrTelobis dacva

7.5%

2.8%

0.2%

1.7%

0.1%

transporti

12.8%

-0.1%

0.0%

6.5%

0.8%

kavSirgabmuloba

5.6%

-0.5%

0.0%

-3.0%

-0.2%

dasveneba, garToba da kultura

6.8%

-3.6%

-0.2%

-1.3%

-0.1%

ganaTleba

6.1%

-1.7%

-0.1%

-0.3%

0.0%

sastumroebi, kafeebi da restornebi

4.4%

3.6%

0.2%

5.4%

0.2%

sxvadasxva saqoneli da momsaxureba

5.0%

0.2%

0.0%

xanmokle moxmarebis saqoneli

55.6%

-2.6%

-1.5%

-2.6%

-1.4%

saSualo xangrZlivobis moxmarebis saqoneli

7.1%

-3.0%

-0.2%

-3.0%

-0.2%

xangrZlivi moxmarebis saqoneli

4.5%

-2.6%

-0.1%

-3.2%

-0.1%

momsaxureba

32.7%

1.4%

0.5%

3.8%

1.2%

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

diagrama N 1.6 wliuri inflaciis maCveneblebis cvlileba sxvadasxva xangrZlivobis moxmarebis saqonlisa da momsaxurebisaTvis 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5%

xanmokle moxmarebis saqoneli

xangrZlivi moxmarebis saqoneli

saSualo xangrZlivobis moxmarebis saqoneli

momsaxureba

dek-12

noe-12

oqt-12

seq-12

agv-12

ivl-12

ivn-12

mai-12

apr-12

mar-12

Teb-12

ian-12

dek-11

noe-11

oqt-11

seq-11

agv-11

ivl-11

ivn-11

mai-11

apr-11

mar-11

Teb-11

ian-11

-10%

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

1.4 სახელმწიფო ფინანსები

wels. 2012 wels sagadasaxado Semosavlebi ufro metad (8.7 procentiT) gaizarda, vidre

riodSi ekonomikuri aqtivobis stimulirebisaTvis mTavroba eqspansiur fis-

kalur politikas atarebda, rac biujetis deficitis zrdaSi gamoixata. 2010 wels daiwyo ekonomikis gamococxleba da Sedegad, mTavrobam makroekonomikuri stabilurobis uzrunvelsayofad etapobrivad daiwyo fiskaluri konsolidacia biujetis deficitis mdgrad donemde Sesamcireblad. 2012 wels fiskaluri konsolidacia gagrZelda da biujetis

deficiti

mSp-is

2.9

procentamde

Semcirda. wina welTan SedarebiT sagadasaxado Semosavlebi 8.7 procentiT, samTavrobo xarjebi ki 7.6 procentiT gaizarda (yvelaze didi wvlili kapitalur xarjebze modis). 2012 wlis naerTi biujetis Semosavlebma da grantebma 7.6 mlrd lari Seadgina, rac TiTqmis 900 mln lariT metia, vidre 2011

nominaluri mSp (7.7 procenti). Sedegad, sagadasaxado tvirTi wina welTan SedarebiT 0.3 procentuli punqtiT gaizarda, 25.5 procenti Seadgina da mcirediT CamorCeba krizisamdel 2007 wlis maCvenebels (25.8 procenti) (ix. diagrama N 1.7). makroekonomikuri analizis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia biujetis Semosavlebis realuri cvlileba (saSualo sfi inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT). sagadasaxado Semosavlebis nominalurma matebam 2012 wels 8.7 procenti, xolo realurma matebam 9.8 procenti Seadgina, ufro meti vidre mSp-is realuri zrdaa (6.1 procenti). sagadasaxado Semosavlebis struqturaSi arapirdapiri gadasaxadebis (dRg, aqcizi da importis gadasax-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

008-2009 wlebis krizisis Semdgom pe-

adi) wili 57 procents Seadgens, pirdapiri gadasaxadebis (mogebis, saSemosavlo da qonebis gadasaxadi) ki – 43 procents.

mln lari

diagrama N 1.7 naerTi biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi da maTi Tanafardoba mSp-Tan 7,000

28%

6,000

24%

5,000

20%

4,000

16%

3,000

12%

2,000

1,000

4% 0%

0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

naerTi biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi (marcxena RerZi) mSp-Tan fardoba (marjvena RerZi) wyaro: saqarTvelos finansTa saministro

sagadasaxado Semosavlebis zrdaSi yvelaze

dasaxadze (3.5 procentuli punqti). rac Se-

didi wvlili dRg-ze modis (4.2 procentuli

exeba sagadasaxado Semosavlebis struqturas,

punqti), romelic 9 procentiT gaizarda. mniS-

wina welTan SedarebiT igi mniSvnelovnad ar

vnelovani wvlili modis aseve saSemosavlo ga-

Secvlila (ix. diagrama N 1.8).

diagrama N 1.8 naerTi biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi saxeebis mixedviT 2012 weli (mln lari)

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

dRg, 3.040; 46%

mogebis gadasaxadi, 851; 13%

saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, 1.765; 26%

qonebis gadasaxadi, 223; 3%

aqcizi, 659; 10%

importis gadasaxadi, 90; 1%

sxva, 35; 1%

wyaro: saqarTvelos finansTa saministro

2012 wels wina welTan SedarebiT naerTi

Seadgina, rac wlis saboloo gegmis 96.7 pro-

biujetis xarjebi 590 mln lariT (7.6 pro-

centia. 2012 wels naerTi biujetis xarjebis

centiT) gaizarda da 8.3 mlrd lari Seadgina.

Tanafardoba mSp-Tan wina welTan SedarebiT

aqedan saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi 457 mili-

umniSvnelod gaizarda da 31.8 procenti Sead-

oni lariT gaizarda da 7.84 miliardi lari

gina (ix. diagrama N 1.9).

mln lari

diagrama N 1.9 naerTi biujetis xarjebi da maTi Tanafardoba mSp-Tan 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0%

9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

naerTi biujetis xarjebi (marcxena RerZi) mSp-Tan fardoba (marjvena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos finansTa saministro

diagrama N 1.10 naerTi biujetis gadasaxdelebis struqtura, 2012 weli

socialuri uzrunvelyofa, 22% saqoneli da momsaxureba, 16% sxva xarjebi, 11% subsidiebi da grantebi, 6% procentebis gadaxda, 3%

wminda dakrediteba, 4% Sromis anazRaureba, 14%

wyaro: saqarTvelos finansTa saministro

saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis moculo-

bebis wminda zrdis xarjze moxda, romelmac

ba Tavdapirvelad 862 mln lariT ganisazRvra,

594.7 mln lari Seadgina. deficiti privati-

SemdgomSi saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis

zaciiT 279.7 mln lariT, xolo Sida valis

gegma Semcirda 753 mln laramde. faqtobrivi

zrdiT 13.9 mln lariT dafinansda. Sedegad,

deficiti dagegmilze mcire iyo (620.9 mln

mTavrobis Tavisufali sabrunavi saSualebebi

lari) da mSp-is 2.4 procenti Seadgina. rac Se-

135.7 mln lariT gaizarda. arsebuli gegmiT

exeba naerTi biujetis deficits, man 752.6 mln

momaval wlebSi biujetis deficiti kvlav da-

lari Seadgina (ix. diagrama N 1.11). deficitis

bal doneze SenarCundeba.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

kapitaluri xarjebi, 24%

dafinanseba ZiriTadad sagareo valdebule-

diagrama N 1.11 naerTi biujetis deficiti da mSp-Tan Tanafardoba 500

3.0%

0.0%

mln lari

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

-500

-3.0%

-1,000

-6.0%

-1,500

-9.0%

-2,000

-12.0%

naerTi biujetis deficiti (marcxena RerZi)

mSp-Tan Tanafardoba (marjvena RerZi)

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos finansTa saministro

2012 wels saqarTvelos saxelmwifo8 da sa-

2012 wels finansTa saministrom gaagrZela

xelmwifo garantiiT aRebuli sagareo vali

saxazino valdebulebebisa da obligaciebis

471 mln lariT gaizarda da 31 dekembris

gamoSveba, romlis mizansac biujetis defi-

mdgomareobiT 8 mlrd lari Seadgina. mniSvne-

citis dafinanseba, fasiani qaRaldebis bazris

lovnad Semcirda erovnuli bankis vali saer-

ganviTareba, aseve valis marTvis gaumjobeseba

TaSoriso savaluto fondTan, xolo gaizarda

warmoadgens. 2012 wels finansTa saministrom

mTavrobis vali aziis ganviTarebis bankTan da

daiwyo (ukve arsebul saxazino obligacieb-

qveynebidan – germaniasTan. 2012 wels saxel-

Tan erTad) 10-wliani saxazino obligaciebis

mwifo sagareo valma saqarTvelos mSp-is 30.6

emisia. grZelvadiani obligaciebis gamoSve-

procenti Seadgina, rac 0.3 procentuli pun-

ba, erTi mxriv, amcirebs saprocento risks,

qtiT naklebia 2011 wlis monacemze.

xolo, meore mxriv, SesaZleblobas iZleva

2011 wlis bolos erovnulma bankma daiwyo

valis tvirTi ramdenime weliwadze gadanawi-

saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis valis da-

ldes. amiT mcirdeba refinansirebis riski,

farva. valis momsaxurebis gegmis mixedviT,

radgan mTavrobas ar mouwevs yvela saxazino

erovnulma bankma 2012 wels davalianeba daax-

obligaciis momaval wels dafarva.

loebiT 235 mln aSS dolariT Seamcira. 2013

sul 2012 wels 424 mln laris saxazino

wels mosalodnelia, rom sagareo vali mniS-

valdebulebebi iqna gamoSvebuli, dafarvebma

vnelovnad

daiwyebs

ki 380 mln lari Seadgina. wina welTan Seda-

savaluto fondis valis gastumrebas, aseve

rebiT, Sida valis wili mSp-Tan 0.5 procen-

valis momsaxurebas gaagrZelebs erovnuli

tuli punqtiT Semcirda da 7.3 procenti

banki da daifareba 2008 wels gamoSvebuli

Seadgina. mTlianma saxelmwifo valma mSp-is

evroobligaciebi. Sedegad, sagrZnoblad Sem-

37.9 procenti Seadgina; aRniSnuli done valis

cirdeba saxelmwifo valis moculoba.

mdgradobis kritikul maCvenebelze (mSp-s 60

Semcirdeba.

mTavroba

procenti) naklebia.

8. finansTa saministro da saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

mlrd lari

diagrama N 1.12 saxelmwifo vali da mSp-Tan fardoba (1998-2012 ww.) 10.0

60%

9.0

54%

8.0

48%

7.0

42%

6.0

36%

5.0

30%

4.0

24%

3.0

18%

2.0

12%

1.0

0.0

0% 1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

sagareo vali (marcxena RerZi) sagareo valis mSp-Tan Tanafardoba (marjvena RerZi)

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Sida vali (marcxena RerZi) Sida valis mSp-Tan Tanafardoba (marjvena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

1.5 საგარეო სექტორი და საგადასახდელო ბალანსი

pirvel naxevarSic, magram meore naxevarSi tendencia klebisaken Seicvala, ramac sabolood wliuri maCveneblis 1.4 procentiani Semcireba ganapiroba. 2012 wels mimdinare

aqarTvelos sagadasaxdelo balansis mim11.5 procents Seadgenda, rac 1.3 procentuwlebSi mzardi trendiT xasiaTdeboda. li punqtiT naklebia gasuli wlis analogiur

deficitis gaRrmaveba grZeldeboda 2012 wlis maCvenebelze.

mln aSS dolari

diagrama N 1.13 mimdinare angariSis deficiti 3,000

25%

2,500

20%

2,000 15% 1,500 10% 1,000

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

angariSis deficiti mTliani Sida produqtis dinare angariSi deficituria da gasul

500

0 2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

mimdinare angariSi (marcxena RerZi) mimdinare angariSi/mSp-Tan (marjvena RerZi) wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

mimdinare angariSis yvelaze msxvili kom-

briv afinansebs saqonliT vaWrobis uaryofiT

ponenti – saqonliT vaWrobis balansi erTm-

balanss, magram misi wvlili mimdinare angari-

niSvnelovnad ganapirobebs mis uaryofiT sal-

Sis formirebaSi SedarebiT mcirea (saqonliT

dos. maRali zrdis tempi, romelic gvqonda

vaWrobis daaxloebiT meoTxedi). Sesabamisad,

2011 wels rogorc saqonlis importis, aseve

momsaxurebiT

eqsportis SemTxvevaSi, 2012 wels sagrZnob-

Seaqvs qveynis mTlian savaWro balansSi da

lad Senelda da, Sesabamisad, 14.3 procenti

aumjobesebs

da 7.6 procenti Seadgina. saqonliT vaWro-

momsaxurebis

bis deficiti 20.6 procentiT gauaresda, rac

Tavis mxriv, upiratesad turizmidan miRebu-

wina wlebis tendenciasTan SedarebiT dabali

li Semosavlebi ganapirobebda, romlis zrdis

maCvenebelia.

maCvenebeli bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi saS-

momsaxurebiT sagareo vaWroba swrafad mza-

vaWrobas

mimdinare

dadebiTi

angariSis

wvlili

saldos.

proficiturobas,

ualod 58.4 procents Seadgenda.

rdi dadebiTi saldoTi gamoirCeva da nawilo-

diagrama N 1.14 turizmis eqsporti da importi 1,600

70%

1,400

60%

mln aSS dolari

1,200 50% 1,000 40% 800 30%

600 400

20%

200

10%

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

0% 2008

2009

2010

eqsporti (marcxena RerZi)

2011

2012

importi (marcxena RerZi)

saldos zrdis tempi (marjvena RerZi) wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2008 wlidan dawyebuli, Semosavlebis balan-

amis mizezia pirdapir ucxour investiciebze

si uaryofiTi gaxda, vinaidan am angariSis

daricxuli Semosavlebis kleba, rac ganapiro-

uaryofiTi komponentis – sainvesticio Semo-

ba ucxouri investirebis sawarmoebis Semcire-

savlebis zrdis tempi aRemateba dadebiTi

bulma mogebam.

komponentis – SromiTi Semosavlebis zrdas.

mimdinare transfertebi, romelic mTav-

es Sedegi bunebrivia mudmivi savaWro defici-

robisTvis gamoyofili grantebisa da sxva seq-

tis pirobebSi, rodesac dafinanseba ucxouri

torebis gzavnilebisgan Sedgeba, mimdinare

kapitalis SemodinebiT xdeba, rac Tavis mxriv

angariSis yvelaze msxvili dadebiTi kompo-

auaresebs qveynis saerTaSoriso sainvesticio

nentia da Sesabamisad mniSvnelovani wvlili

pozicias. bolo wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTve-

Seaqvs mimdinare angariSis dabalansebaSi (mim-

los sainvesticio pozicia 14 procentiT ga-

dinare transfertebi, 2012 wlis mdgomareo-

uaresda. aRsaniSnavia, rom 2012 wels Semosav-

biT, saqonlis deficitis daaxloebiT mesa-

lebis angariSis uaryofiTi saldo Semcirda.

meds afinansebda). dadebiTi zrda dafiqsirda

muSakTa gzavnilebSi, rac mimdinare trans-

samTavrobo seqtoris transfertebs, isini

fertebis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens,

Semcirda. Sedegad, 2012 wels mimdinare tran-

magram wina welTan SedarebiT zrdis tempi

sfertebis zrdis tempi Semcirebulia da 5.5

sagrZnoblad Semcirebuli iyo. rac Seexeba

procents Seadgens.

diagrama N 1.15 mimdinare angariSis fardoba mSp-Tan 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% 2008

2009

2010

2011

saqoneli

momsaxureba

Semosavlebi

mimdinare transfertebi

2012

mimdinare angariSi

gasuli wlebis msgavsad, 2012 welsac, mimdi-

aqedan, aqtivebis operaciuli zrda 341.8 mln

nare angariSis deficiti araTu srulad dafi-

aSS dolars gautolda, rac ZiriTadad ara-

nansda, aramed gaizarda qveynis saerTaSoriso

rezident bankebSi ganTavsebuli depozitebis

rezervebi. mimdinare angariSis deficitis

zrdiT iyo gamowveuli. gasul wels saxelm-

dafinansebis mniSvnelovan wyaros 2012 welsac

wifo

pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi warmoadgen-

mier evrobondebis realizaciis gziT mobi-

da. energetikis seqtori, wina wlis msgavsad,

lizebuli saxsrebi ZiriTadad ucxouri banke-

kvlav aqtualuri iyo investiciebis mozidvis

bis sakorespondento angariSebze ganTavsda.

kuTxiT. mniSvnelovani investiciebi ganxor-

sxva

cielda agreTve gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelo-

637.4 mln aSS dolari Seadgina. am SemTxveva-

bis, transportis da kavSirgabmulobis da

Si mniSnvelovani iyo ararezidentebis depo-

safinanso seqtorebSi. 2012 wels mniSvnelo-

zitebis zrda. sagareo sesxebis operaciulma

vani gaxda portfeluri investiciebi, romlis

zrdam ki 275.4 mln aSS dolari Seadgina, rac

moculoba TiTqmis 900 milion aSS dolars

gasul periodebTan SedarebiT sagrZnoblad

gautolda. portfeluri investiciebis mo-

dabali maCvenebelia. es ganpirobebuli iyo,

zidvis ZiriTad wyaros saxelmwifos daqvemde-

erTi mxriv, erovnuli bankis mier saerTaSo-

barebuli sawarmoebis evroobligaciebisa (511

riso savaluto fondis kreditebis dafarviT,

mln aSS dolari) da sabanko seqtoris fasiani

xolo, meore mxriv, wlis pirvel naxevarSi sa-

qaRaldebis gayidvebi warmoadgenda.

banko seqtoris sasesxo valdebulebebis Sem-

sxva investiciebis saldo, gasul welTan SedarebiT, mniSvnelovnad iyo Semcirebuli.

daqvemdebarebaSi

investiciebis

myofi

sawarmoebis

valdebulebebis

zrdam

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

cirebiT, ramac wliuri monacemis kleba gansazRvra.

diagrama N 1.16 mimdinare angariSis deficitis dafinansebis wyaroebi, wminda9 (fardoba mSp-Tan) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2008

-5%

2009

2010

2011

2012

-10%

pirdapiri investiciebi

portfelis investiciebi

sxva investiciebi

sarezervo aqtebi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

portfelis

investiciebis

pasivebsa

pirdapiri investiciebis sasesxo kapitalSi

Seadgina, rac mTliani Sida produqtis 84.7 procentia.

ganxorcielebulma operaciebma ganapirobes

2012 wlis qveynis saerTaSoriso rezerve-

sagareo valis zrda 1.8 mlrd aSS dolariT.

bis wminda operaciulma zrdam 38.2 mln aSS

2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT qveynis

dolari Seadgina da 31 dekembris mdgomareo-

mTlianma sagareo valma 13.4 mlrd aSS dolari

biT 2.9 mlrd aSS dolars (mSp-s 18.1 procenti) gautolda.

cxrili N 1.4 saqarTvelos sagadasaxdelo balansis analitikuri warmodgena (2008-2012 ww.)

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

(mln aSS dolari)

mimdinare angariSi saqoneli

2008

2009

2010

2011

201210

-2,813

-1,134

-1,193

-1,840

-1,814

-3,836

-2,400

-2,590

-3,494

-4,214

eqsporti

2,428

1,894

2,462

3,254

3,501

importi

-6,264

-4,293

-5,052

-6,748

-7,715

340

513

748

1,101

1,260

1,314

1,599

2,008

2,541

-1,239

-974

-1,085

-1,261

-1,440

-58

-41

-215

-422

-103

-242

-239

-252

-310

-399

1,060

968

1,098

1,329

1,402

momsaxureba krediti debeti Semosavlebi (wminda) aqedan: daricxuli procenti transferti (wminda) aqedan: saxelmwifo seqtori

365

141

174

144

114

aqedan: gzavnilebi krediti

305

317

417

618

710

aqedan: sxva kerZo transferti krediti

408

521

534

583

587

112

183

206

153

134

2,693

1,363

976

2,225

1,916

1,418

677

679

902

603

kapitalis angariSi finansuri angariSi pirdapiri investiciebi (wminda)

9. 2012 wlis monacemebi winaswaria da eqvemdebareba dazustebas saqstatis mier wliuri statistikuri gamokvlevis masalebis damuSavebis Semdeg. dazustebuli monacemebi gamoqveyndeba 2013 wlis agvistos bolos. 10. 2012 wlis monacemebi winaswaria da eqvemdebareba dazustebas saqstatis mier wliuri statistikuri gamokvlevis masalebis damuSavebis Semdeg. dazustebuli monacemebi gamoqveyndeba 2013 wlis agvistos bolos.

(gagrZeleba)

aqedan: pirdapiri investiciebi saqarTveloSi erovnuli banki (wminda) saxelmwifo seqtori

2008

2009

2010

2011

201210

1,564

659

814

1,048

866

247

651

386

336

319

503

portfelis investicia (wminda)

501

106

grZelvadiani sesxebi (miRebuli)

191

359

335

274

396

602

-39

1,002

810

403

-65

-213

834

192

kerZo seqtori (pirdapiri investiciebis garda) sabanko seqtori portfelis investicia (wminda)

109

-10

223

sesxi (miRebuli)

596

-243

212

-87

grZelvadiani

406

-1

moklevadiani

190

-251

213

-91

-302

171

-220

533

199

117

174

169

617

portfelis investicia (wminda)

261

510

grZelvadiani sesxebi (miRebuli)

155

335

155

124

-40

-122

-167

-47

-44

-20

-24

-52

451

-31

551

212

sxva wminda (naRdi fuli da depozitebi) sxva seqtori

sxva Secdomebi da gamotovebebi mTliani balansi

-451

-551

-212

-131

-616

-208

-572

-38

222

313

276

-59

-245

-38

-147

-37

2.4

4.8

4.4

4.2

3.8

eqsporti/importi (saqoneli da momsaxureba, procenti)

49.2

60.9

66.2

65.7

66.0

mimdinare angariSi/mSp (procenti)

22.0

10.5

10.2

12.7

11.5

pirdapiri investiciebi/mSp (procenti)

11.1

6.3

5.8

6.2

3.8

8.3

9.0

9.4

9.2

8.9

mTliani dafinanseba sarezervo aqtivebi fondis resursebis gamoyeneba gansakuTrebuli dafinanseba

rezervi importis TveebSi (Tve)

wminda transfertebi/mSp (procenti)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

aRsaniSnavia, rom 2012 wels mimdinare an-

lad iklo rogorc registrirebuli eqspor-

gariSis deficits, kvlav mniSvnelovanwilad,

tis, aseve importis zrdis tempebma, rac Se-

saqonliT vaWroba gansazRvravda. qvemoT moy-

sabamisad 8.6 procents da 11.1 procents

vanilia saqonliT sagareo vaWrobis statis-

Seadgenda. amavdroulad, importis wliuri

tikis detaluri mimoxilva, romelic Ziri-

zrda eqsportisas 596 mln aSS dolariT aWar-

Tadad eyrdnoba sabaJo samsaxurebis mier

bebda. 2012 wlis savaWro deficiti 5.5 mlrd

registrirebul monacemebs .

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

mniSvnelovani koeficientebi

aSS dolars gautolda, rac istoriuli maqsi-

2012 wels saqarTvelos sagareo vaWro-

mumia. eqsportiT importis gadafarvis koe-

bis zrdis tempi wina welTan SedarebiT mniS-

ficienti ki bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi

vnelovnad (TiTqmis samjer) Senelda da 10.5

mniSvnelovnad ar icvleboda da 30 procentis

procenti Seadgina. Sedegad, savaWro brunva

midamoSi meryeobda.

10.2 mlrd aSS dolars gautolda. sagrZnob11. saqonliT sagareo vaWrobis statistika ZiriTadad efuZneba sazRvris gadakveTis princips, maSin rodesac sagadasaxdelo balansis komponenti saqonliT vaWroba dafuZnebulia rezidentsa da ararezidents Soris sakuTrebis uflebis gadacemaze. garda amisa, aris kidev sxva meTodologiuri gansxvavebebi.

cxrili N 1.5 registrirebuli eqsportis da importis wliuri zrdis tempebi (procenti)

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

eqsporti

21.4

-24.2

48.0

30.5

8.6

importi

20.9

-28.6

16.8

34.3

11.1

savaWro deficiti

20.8

-30.0

6.3

36.0

12.2

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri.

saqonlis eqsporti, daniSnulebis mixedviT, gadanawilda:

ualkoholo

sasmelebis

eqsportma, ramac jamurad eqsportis zrdaSi

sainvesticio saqoneli Seadgenda; 53.3 pro-

2.2 procentiani wvlili Seitana. sasmelebis

cents – Sualeduri moxmarebis saqoneli;

eqsportis udidesi nawili ukrainaSi ganxor-

xolo samomxmareblo saqonlis wilad 42.6

cielda, msxvili importiorebi arian aseve

procenti modioda. wina welTan SedarebiT

yazaxeTi da azerbaijani. gasuli wlis orjeradi

gaizarda

wili

zrdis Semdeg, rasac xeli Seuwyo msxvili

mTlian eqsportSi. samomxmareblo saqonlis

eqsportiori qveynebis mousavlianobam, Txi-

eqsportis

lis

samomxmareblo

zrdaSi,

iseve

3.9

procents

saqonlis

rogorc

gasul

eqsporti

2012

wels

Semcirebulia.

wels, wamyvani iyo msubuqi avtomobilebis

Tumca Txili stabilurad xvdeba eqsportis

gavlena (6.3 procentuli punqti eqsportis

wamyvan xuTeulSi da, Sesabamisad, qarTuli

mTlian zrdaSi). avtomobilebis reeqsporti,

eqsportisTvis mniSvnelovan saqonels war-

romelic eqsportis zrdis ZiriTadi ganmsa-

moadgens. aRsaniSnavia, rom msoflio Txilis

zRvreli faqtoria, bolo ori wlis ganmav-

warmoebis daaxloebiT 4 procenti saqar-

lobaSi stabilurad pirvel poziciazea da

Tveloze modis. 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi ase-

2012

avtomobilebis

ve gazrdili iyo eqsportSi sainvesticio

mniSvnelovan nawils moicavs. samomxmareblo

saqonlis wili, rac aseve reeqsportiT iyo

saqonlis eqsportis zrdas aseve xeli Seuwyo

ganpirobebuli.

wels

importirebuli

diagrama N 1.17 umsxvilesi saeqsporto sasaqonlo jgufebi 2011-2012 ww. 700 600 500 400 300 200 100

2011

xorbali

spilenZis madani

mineraluri wyali

Rvino

spirti

Txili

oqro

sasuqi

feroSenadnobebi

0 avtomobilebi

mln aSS dolari

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

Semdegnairad

alkoholiani

2012

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

meore poziciaze feroSenadnobis eqsporti

SedarebiT 4.8 procentiT Semcirda, magram

iyo, romelic bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi

mainc mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana mTlian

stabiluria da mniSvnelovan ryevebs ar ganic-

eqsportSi. meoTxe poziciaze oqros eqsporti

dis. eqsportSi mesame pozicia mineralur

iyo, romelic gasul welTan SedarebiT aseve

sasuqebs eWira, romelic marTalia wina welTan

Semcirebulia.

diagrama N 1.18 saqarTvelos umsxvilesi savaWro partniori qveynebi eqsportis mixedviT 700 600

mln aSS dolari

500 400 300 200 100

2011

italia

belgia

yazaxeTi

bulgareTi

kanada

TurqeTi

ukraina

aSS

somxeTi

azerbaijani

2012

2012 wels saqarTvelos umsxvilesi savaWro

kanada, bulgareTi, yazaxeTi, belgia da ita-

partniori qveynebi eqsportis mixedviT iyvnen:

lia. am qveynebis wilad modioda mTliani re-

azerbaijani, somxeTi, aSS, ukraina, TurqeTi,

gistrirebuli eqsportis 74.6 procenti.

Txili

spirti

0.0

7.2

9.9

aSS

1.3

48.6

61.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

ukraina

0.9

9.6

0.0

9.0

44.8

somxeTi

17.2

0.0

2.7

0.0

0.3

1.2

kanada

0.0

6.6

0.0

95.2

0.3

bulgareTi

0.1

0.0

13.4

0.0

0.2

belgia

8.9

0.0

5.6

0.0

yazaxeTi

0.6

0.0

10.3

7.5

18.7

16.9

0.0

0.0 0.7

armatura

oqro

0.4

spilenZis madani

mineraluri sasuqebi

2.1

mineraluri wylebi

feroSenadnobebi

58.8

azerbaijani

Rvino

msubuqi avtomobilebi

cxrili N 1.6 umsxvilesi saeqsporto saqonlis ganawileba importiori qveynebis mixedviT 2012 w. (procenti)

2.7

3.8

0.0

68.4

1.5

1.8

0.0

42.2

48.2

0.0

0.3

0.0

8.7

0.0

0.8

0.4

0.0

0.1

90.8

0.0

TurqeTi

1.3

6.9

1.7

2.6

1.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.0

belarusi

0.0

3.8

0.0

0.5

7.6

9.3

8.0

0.0

sxva

11.0

22.3

20.5

2.2

65.4

28.9

24.2

20.4

9.2

22.3

sul

100

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

saqonlis registrirebuli importis gadana-

buli samomxmareblo saqonlis 27.9 procents

wileba daniSnulebis mixedviT Semdegia: 15.8

navTobproduqtebi (ZiriTadad saavtomobilo

procents sainvesticio saqoneli Seadgenda;

benzini) Seadgenda, romlis importis wliuri

40.5 procents – Sualeduri moxmarebis saqone-

zrdis tempi gasul welTan SedarebiT sagr-

li, xolo samomxmareblo saqonlis wilad 43.6

Znoblad Senelda da 4.4 procents gautolda.

procenti modioda. 2011 da 2012 wlebSi im-

amavdroulad, navTobproduqtebis importi

portis moculobaSi mcirdeboda samomxmareb-

mTliani importis 12.1 procentia. importire-

lo saqonlis da izrdeboda sainvesticio da

buli samomxmareblo saqonlis 19.4 procenti

Sualeduri moxmarebis saqonlis wilebi. sain-

msubuqi avtomobilebis wilad modioda, rom-

vesticio saqonlis zrdaSi mniSvnelovani iyo

lis wvlili importis zrdaSi yvelaze maRali

sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis manqanebi,

iyo. avtomobilebis importis maRali zrdis

eleqtroenergiis

dakavSire-

tempi 2012 welsac SenarCunda da 29.8 pro-

buli danadgarebi da kompiuteruli teqnika.

centi Seadgina. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, 2012

navTobis airebis importi, romelic Suale-

wlis ganmavlobaSi importirebuli avtomo-

duri moxmarebis saqonels ganekuTvneba, wina

bilebis mniSvnelovani nawili reeqsportiT

welTan SedarebiT odnav Semcirebulia da

gadioda.

warmoebasTan

233.2 mln aSS dolars utoldeba. importirediagrama N 1.19 umsxvilesi saimporto saqonlis moculobis dinamika 1000 900 mln aSS dolari

800 700 600 500 400 300 100

2011

transformatorebi

Tambaqos nawarmi

metalokonstruqciebi

gamomTvleli manqanebi

2012

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

2012 wels sakvebi produqtebis wili saqon-

produqtebis importSi yvelaze didi wili

lis registrirebul importSi mniSvnelovnad

xorcis produqtebis importis wilad modioda

ar Secvlila da 12.8 procents

gautolda.

(kvebis produqtebis 12.3 procenti). Semdegi

sadac 23.9 procenti (mTliani registrire-

pozicia Saqars da misgan damzadebul sakon-

buli importis 3.1 procenti) xorblis wilad

ditro nawarms eWira (kvebis produqtebis 10.5

modioda. wina welTan SedarebiT xorblis im-

procenti). Tambaqos da alkoholuri nawarmis

portze danaxarji 30.2 procentiT gaizarda,

importi mTliani registrirebuli importis

rac sagrZnoblad aRemateba 2011 wlis zrdas.

2.2 procents Seadgenda da wina wlis Sesabamis

amasTan unda aRiniSnos, rom am raodenobis

periodTan SedarebiT 3.4 procentiT iyo gaz-

daaxloebiT 20 procenti reeqsportisTvis

rdili.

iyo gankuTvnili. xorblis Semdeg, sakvebi 38

satelefono aparatebi

medikamentebi

navTobis airebi

xorbali

msubuqi avtomobilebi

0 navTobproduqtebi

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

200

diagrama N 1.20 saqarTvelos umsxvilesi savaWro partniori qveynebi importis mixedviT 1,600 1,400

mln aSS dolari

1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200

2011

rumineTi

italia

bulgareTi

iaponia

ruseTi

germania

CineTi

ukraina

azerbaijani

TurqeTi

2012

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

saqonlis registrirebuli importis mixed-

lia da rumineTi. aRniSnuli qveynebis wilad

viT umsxvilesi savaWro partniori qveynebi

mTliani registrirebuli importis 70.5 pro-

iyvnen: TurqeTi, azerbaijani, ukraina, CineTi,

centi modioda.

germania, ruseTi, iaponia, bulgareTi, ita-

navTobis airebi

medikamentebi

kavSirgabmulobis aparatebi

gamomTvleli manqanebi

metalokonstruqciebi

Tambaqos nawarmi

transformatorebi

35.3

0.2

0.0

73.2

2.9

0.0

0.1

0.6

0.0

13.5

iaponia

0.0

44.4

0.0

0.1

0.0

ruseTi

7.0

0.3

45.7

24.1

3.3

0.4

0.7

0.1

5.2

3.9

rumineTi

23.9

0.1

0.0

1.8

0.0

1.8

0.0

bulgareTi

20.5

0.2

0.0

3.6

0.5

1.0

0.1

6.9

0.2

germania

1.2

18.0

0.1

0.0

9.0

4.0

9.9

2.3

2.9

57.6

aSS

0.0

18.8

0.0

0.7

0.5

2.9

0.0

0.1

0.2

yazaxeTi

0.0

52.2

0.0

TurqeTi

1.0

0.5

0.0

14.6

1.5

1.0

46.4

0.4

5.1

ukraina

0.2

0.1

0.5

0.0

5.0

0.3

0.1

2.4

77.6

13.5

sxva

10.8

17.4

1.6

2.7

59.2

92.7

84.4

46.1

6.9

6.0

sul

100

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

xorbali

azerbaijani

navTobproduqtebi

msubuqi avtomobilebi

cxrili N 1.7 umsxvilesi saimporto sasaqonlo jgufebis ganawileba eqsportiori qveynebis mixedviT 2012 w. (procenti)

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

2. ფულად-საკრედიტო და სავალუტო პოლიტიკა

2.1 ფულად-საკრედიტო პოლიტიკა

geTirebis reJimis Sesabamisad, mkafiod unda iyos gamocxadebuli Semdgomi periodisTvis. 2012-2014 wlebisTvis saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma miznobriv maCveneblad daadgina samomx-

aqarTvelos erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb” samareblo fasebis wliuri zrda 6 procentis

qarTvelos organuli kanonis mixedviT, odenobiT saSualovadian periodSi. im SemTx-

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis ZiriTad „ amocanas fasebis stabilurobis uzrunvel-

vevaSi, Tu inflaciis saprognozo maCvenebeli aRemateba miznobrivs, saqarTvelos erovnu-

yofa warmoadgens. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, li banki gaamkacrebs monetarul politikas, rom kanoni avaldebulebs erovnul banks „uzxolo Tu inflaciis saprognozo maCvenebli runvelyos safinanso sistemis stabiluroba miznobrivze ufro naklebia, erovnuli banki da gamWvirvaloba da xeli Seuwyos qveyanaSi Serbilebis politikas mimarTavs. saqarTvemdgrad ekonomikur zrdas Tu es SesaZlebelia los erovnuli bankis inflaciis grZelvadiani ise, rom safrTxe ar Seeqmnas misi ZiriTadi miznobrivi maCvenebeli 3 procents Seadgens. amocanis Sesrulebas“. grZelvadian periodSi, saqarTvelos ekonosaqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier ganmikis ganviTarebul qveynebTan daaxloebis xorcielebuli monetaruli politika Sesabaparalelurad, etapobrivad Semcirdeba inmisobaSi modioda saqarTvelos parlamentis flaciis optimaluri done da Sesabamisad, dadgenilebasTan „2012-2014 wlebis fulad saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis inflaciis miz-sakredito da savaluto politikis Zirinobrivi maCvenebeli dauaxlovdeba mis grZelTadi mimarTulebebis Sesaxeb“. aRniSnul dovadian dones. aqedan gamomdinare, miznobrivi kumentSi mocemulia erovnuli bankis mier maCvenebeli 2015 wels 5 procentamde Semdadgenili inflaciis miznobrivi maCvenebeli, cirdeba.

diagrama N 2.1 monetaruli politikis ganakveTi da mTliani inflacia 16%

12%

14% 10%

12% 10%

8% 6%

4% 2%

0% -2%

-4% -6% dek-12

agv-12

oqt-12

ivn-12

apr-12

Teb-12

dek-11

oqt-11

ivn-11

agv-11

apr-11

Teb-11

dek-10

oqt-10

ivn-10

mTliani inflacia (marcxena RerZi)

agv-10

apr-10

Teb-10

dek-09

oqt-09

agv-09

ivn-09

apr-09

Teb-09

dek-08

oqt-08

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

romelic, qveyanaSi moqmedi inflaciis Tar-

refinansirebis ganakveTi (marjvena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki monetarul politikas

axorcielebs

makroekonomikuri

da umaRles niSnuls swored maisis TveSi

garemos, msoflio bazrebze mimdinare pro-

miaRwia. arsebuli prognozebi miuTiTebda,

cesebisa da qveynis SigniT politikur-ekono-

rom wlis ganmavlobaSi inflacia CamorCeboda

mikuri

miznobriv maCvenebels. aRniSnuli Sefasebisa

viTarebis

kompleqsuri

analizis

safuZvelze. mxedvelobaSi miiReba saqarTve-

los ZiriTad savaWro partnior qveynebSi ar-

gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos erovnuli ban-

sebuli fasebis dinamika, mTavrobis fiskaluri

kis monetaruli politikis komitetma ga-

politika, safinanso da savaluto bazrebze

agrZela 2011 wels dawyebuli Serbilebis

arsebuli tendenciebi, saerTaSoriso sasaqon-

politika. 2012 wlis pirvel naxevarSi mone-

lo bazrebze fasebis dinamika, samomxmareblo

taruli politikis ganakveTi jamurad erTi

fasebis kalaTisa da monetaruli gadacemis

procentuli punqtiT 6.75 procentidan 5.75

Taviseburebani, rac inflaciis molodinis

procentamde Semcirda.

formirebasa da erovnuli valutisadmi sa-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

zogadoebis ndobis amaRlebas ganapirobebs.

inflacia zrdadi tendenciiT xasiaTdeboda

inflaciaze

moqmedi

sxva

faqtorebis

2012 wlis meore naxevarSi kidev ufro gaizarda saprognozo inflaciis miznobriv

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi inflacia miznob-

maCvenebelTan CamorCenis riskebi. es ganpiro-

riv maCvenebelze dabla narCundeboda. in-

bebuli iyo rogorc Sida, aseve gare faqtore-

flaciis Semcirebis tendencia 2011 wlis

biT. meoTxe kvartalSi saqarTveloSi mosalo-

ivnisSi daiwyo, rac umTavresad miwodebis

dneli iyo erToblivi moTxovnis Semcireba.

faqtorebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. mniSvnelova-

Sida faqtorebis inflaciaze zegavlena kle-

ni iyo aseve sabazo efeqtis gavlena. 2011 wlis

bis mimarTulebiT kidev ufro gamZafrda sa-

gazafxulidan saerTaSoriso sasaqonlo baz-

gareo faqtorebiT. inflacia Semcirebis di-

rebze fasebis klebis tendencia dafiqsirda.

namikiT xasiaTdeboda saqarTvelos ZiriTad

kerZod, fasebi Semcirda navTobsa da Saqarze.

savaWro partnior qveynebSic. garda amisa,

ruseTisa da ukrainis mxridan xorblis eqs-

sagareo moTxovnis Sesustebas ganapirobebda

portze embargos moxsnam ki purproduqtebis

evropis qveynebSi ekonomikuri mdgomareobis

fasebis Semcireba ganapiroba da damatebiTi

gauareseba.

wvlili Seitana inflaciis SemcirebaSi.

arsebuli ekonomikuri viTarebis fonze,

saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma monetaru-

erovnulma bankma meoTxe kvartalSi mone-

li politikis Serbileba jer kidev 2011 wlis

taruli politikis Serbileba gaagrZela da

ivlisSi daiwyo, maSin rodesac mTliani in-

politikis ganakveTi noember-dekemberSi ja-

flacia aRemateboda miznobriv dones. am

murad kidev 0.5 procentuli punqtiT Seam-

droisTvis ukve mosalodneli iyo, rom in-

cira.

flaciis maCvenebeli daiwyebda Semcirebas da

amgvarad, 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi mone-

Camocdeboda miznobriv maCvenebels. vinaidan

taruli politikis ganakveTi jamurad 1.5

monetaruli politikis cvlileba garkveuli

procentuli punqtiT Semcirda 5.25 procen-

drois Semdeg aisaxeba realur ekonomikaze,

tamde. imisaTvis, rom saprocento ganakveTis

reagireba garkveuli periodiT adre aris

cvlileba gadaeces bankTaSoris bazars da

aucilebeli.

sabolood asaxva hpovos realur ekonomika-

inflaciis maCveneblis klebis tendencia

ze, mniSvnelovania komerciuli bankebis mier

2012 wlis pirvel naxevarSic SenarCunda.

refinansirebis sesxebis instrumentis gamoye-

inflaciis uaryofiTma maCveneblma piks, -3.3

neba. aRniSnuli instrumenti saSualebas aZlevs

procents, maisSi miaRwia. inflaciis aseT dina-

bankebs optimalurad marTon likvidoba da

mikaze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdenda sabazo

Tavidan aicilon Warb likvidobasTan dakav-

efeqti, vinaidan wina wlis Sesabamis periodSi

Sirebuli damatebiTi xarjebi. sabanko siste-

maSi Warbi likvidobis dagrovebis SemTxvevaSi

rda, romlis ZiriTadi Semaferxebeli faqtori

erovnuli banki mimarTavs sterilizaciis ope-

saqarTveloSi ekonomikis dabali larizaciis

racias, risTvisac, rogorc wesi, gamoiyeneba

donea. maRali dolarizaciis pirobebSi Se-

erovnuli bankis sadepozito sertifikatebi.

sustebulia saprocento ganakveTis gadacemis

maTi emisiebis moculobebis dagegmva xdeba

meqanizmi, radgan ekonomikisTvis fulis mi-

yovelkvartlurad

wodebis mniSvnelovani nawili aris ucxouri

saqarTvelos

erovnuli

valutiT, romelzec saprocento ganakveTebi

2011 wlis bolos mTavrobis danaxarjebis

ganisazRvreba

sxva

qveynebis

centraluri

mosalodnelze maRali tempiT gazrdis Sede-

bankebis mier maT qveynebSi arsebuli ekono-

gad, sarezervo fulze mosalodnelze ufro

mikuri ciklebis Sesabamisad da scildeba

didi zrda dafiqsirda da sabanko sistemaSi

erovnuli bankis kontrolis sferos. daba-

Warbi likvidobis dagroveba gamoiwvia. Sede-

li larizaciis pirobebSi gacvliTi kursis

gad Semcirda moTxovna refinansirebis ses-

cvlileba gadaecema inflacias, rac aferxebs

xebze da Sesustda monetaruli politikis ga-

gacvliTi kursis moqnilobas. kerZod, kursis

dacema ekonomikaze, rac aisaxa bankTaSorisi

nominaluri gaufasureba gadaecema fasebs da

saprocento ganakveTis Semcirebaze poli-

Sedegad realuri gacvliTi kursi ar icvleba.

tikis ganakveTze dabla. sapasuxod, erovnul-

garda amisa, mniSvnelovania gacvliTi kursis

ma bankma 2012 wlis pirveli kvartalisTvis

riski kursis meryeobisgan daucveli ekonomi-

sadepozito sertifikatebis emisiebis gaz-

kuri agentebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki banke-

rdili moculobebi dagegma. pirveli kvarta-

bis msesxeblebisTvis, romelTa Semosavlebi

lis bolosTvis mimoqcevaSi arsebuli sade-

denominirebulia erovnuli valutiT, sesxi ki

pozito sertifikatebis naSTi 115 mln lariT

ucxouri valutiT aqvT aRebuli. aseT SemTx-

gaizarda 2011 wlis bolos arsebul donesTan

vevaSi izrdeba komerciuli bankebis port-

SedarebiT. garda amisa, bankTaSoris bazarze

felis sakredito riski, rac kreditorebis

Warbi likvidobiT gamowveuli meryeobebis

valutebis disbalansiT, anu arahejirebuli

Tavidan asacileblad, saqarTvelos erovnul-

sesxebiT aris ganpirobebuli (Currency Induced

ma bankma ganaaxla mis portfelSi arsebuli

Credit Risk). Sedegad, laris kursis cvlilebas

saxelmwifo obligaciebis gamoyeneba Ria baz-

SeiZleba seriozuli gavlena hqondes komer-

ris operaciebisTvis. aRniSnuli obligaciebis

ciuli bankebis sakredito portfelze. am-

gamoSveba xdeba mTavrobis mier 1990-ian wleb-

denad, erovnuli bankis erT-erTi amocana

Si erovnuli bankisgan mTavrobaze gacemuli

swored larizaciis zrdaa. Tumca aRsaniSna-

sesxebis

gadaformebis

via, rom larizacia es aris xangrZlivi pro-

SeTanxmebis farglebSi. SeTanxmeba erovnul

cesi, vinaidan ekonomikur agentTa qcevis

banksa da finansTa saministros Soris Sedga

Secvla moiTxovs ganviTarebuli finansuri

2006 wels, ris Semdegac yovelwliurad 48

bazrisa da mdgradi ekonomikuri stabiluro-

mln laris Rirebulebis fasiani qaRaldi xde-

bis arsebobas wlebis ganmavlobaSi. 2012 wels,

ba mimoqcevadi da erovnul banks SeuZlia maTi

wina wlis msgavsad, erovnuli bankis politika

gamoyeneba Ria bazris operaciebisaTvis. 2012

mimarTuli iyo laris fuladi bazris ganvi-

wlis mais-ivlisis ganmavlobaSi erovnulma

Tarebisken da erovnuli valutiT gasesxebis

bankma 114 mln laris obligacia gayida. maTi

waxalisebisken. miuxedavad gatarebuli Ro-

dafarvis vadamde darCenili vadianoba 12-dan

nisZiebebisa, 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi depozi-

57 Tvemde meryeobda.

tebis larizaciis maCveneblis Semcireba da-

fasian

qaRaldebad

wina wlebis msgavsad, 2012 welsac erovnuli

fiqsirda. misi maCvenebeli 40 procentidan 36

bankis saqmianobis erT-erTi mTavari amocana

procentamde Semcirda. wlis dasawyisSi lari-

iyo monetaruli politikis efeqtianobis gaz-

zaciis maCveneblis Semcireba ZiriTadad mTav-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

bankis mier.

robis operaciebma ganapiroba. kerZod, 2011

wilis zrda gamoiwvia saxelmwifos daqvemde-

wlis bolos maRalma samTavrobo danaxarjeb-

barebuli kompaniebis mier evrobondebis gayi-

ma laris depozitebis wilis zrda gamoiwvia,

dvis gziT miRebuli saxsrebis sabanko depozi-

Tumca martSi gadasaxadebis amoRebiT kvlav

tebze ganTavsebam. zemoaRniSuli faqtorebis

Semcirda larizaciis maCvenebeli. Semdgom

gareSe 2012 wels larizacia daaxloebiT erTi

TveebSi ki ucxouri valutiT depozitebis

procentuli punqtiT gaizrdeboda.

diagrama N 2.2 depozitebis larizacia, 2004-2012ww.12 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0%

seq-12

ian-12

mai-12

seq-11

mai-11

ian-11

mai-10

seq-10

ian-10

mai-09

seq-09

ian-09

mai-08

seq-08

ian-08

mai-07

seq-07

ian-07

mai-06

seq-06

ian-06

mai-05

seq-05

ian-05

seq-04

mai-04

ian-04

10.0%

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

larizaciis

zrdis

mizniT,

rom standartuli sadepozito sertifikate-

2012 wels erovnulma bankma daamtkica komer-

biT moziduli saxsrebi gaTavisuflebulia

ciuli

sadepozito

sarezervo da likvidobis moTxovnebisagan13,

sertifikatebis debuleba. aRniSnuli doku-

riTac bankebs Seumcirdeba am produqtTan

menti waaxalisebs komerciul banks gamouS-

dakavSirebuli saoperacio xarjebi. sadepo-

vas sacalo, standartizebuli sadepozito

zito sertifikatebis farTod gavrceleba

sertifikati, romelic depozitis likvidur

xels Seuwyobs bazarze laris damatebiTi

alternativas warmoadgens. sertifikati ar

grZelvadiani resursis Seqmnas. imisaTvis, rom

avaldebulebs

vadis

sadepozito sertifikatebi aseve mimzidveli

gasvlamde daubrunos Tanxa meanabres, ri-

iyos bankis klientebisTvis, saWiroa sadepo-

Tac amgvari saSualebiT mozidul saxsrebs

zito sertifikatebis likviduri meoradi baz-

xdis ufro stabilurs, vidre standartuli

ris arseboba, sadac bankis klientebi SeZleben

depozitis SemTxvevaSia. Tumca, fuladi sax-

maT ganaRdebas. erovnuli banki miznad isaxavs

srebis saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, depozitars

xeli Seuwyos aRniSnuli bazris Camoyalibe-

eqneba ufleba gaasxvisos sertifikati misi

basa da ganviTarebas.

bankebis

xelSewyobis

standartuli

banks

xelSekrulebis

vadis gasvlamde, bankis Tanxmobis gareSe.

larizaciis waxalisebisken gadadgmul na-

amgvarad, sadepozito sertifikati bankisaT-

bijs warmoadgens aseve komerciuli bankebis-

vis aris faqtiurad grZelvadiani depoziti,

Tvis giraos bazis gafarToeba, romelic gamoi-

radgan mflobelis cvlilebis SemTxvevaSic

yeneba erovnul bankTan operaciebSi. kerZod,

fuladi saxsrebi rCeba bankSi. mniSvnelovania,

Semsubuqda bankebis mier giraos saxiT gamoye-

12. larizaciis maCvenebeli gaangariSebulia gacvliTi kursis cvlilebis efeqtis gareSe. 13. likvidobis moTxovnisgan gaTavisuflebulia standartuli sadepozito sertifikati, romlis narCeni vadianoba aRemateba 6 Tves.

nebadi erovnuli valutiT denominirebuli

strategiis sajaro dokumentze. igi sazoga-

sakuTari sasesxo aqtivebis kriteriumebi. es

doebas gaacnobs monetaruli politikis Ziri-

saSualebas miscems komerciul bankebs lariT

Tad principebsa da instrumentebs, romlebic

denominirebuli ufro meti resursi miiRos

emsaxureba erovnuli bankis mTavari miznis –

erovnuli

fasebis stabilurobis – miRwevas.

sasesxo

instrumentebiT,

rac, Tavis mxriv, erovnuli valutiT sesxebis

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi erovnuli bankis

gacemas Seuwyobs xels. am kuTxiT mniSvnelo-

mier monetaruli politikis efeqtianobis

vania cvladi saprocento ganakveTebiT sesxe-

gazrdis mizniT ganxorcielda Semdegi Ronis-

bis waxaliseba. refinansirebis sesxebiT aseTi

Ziebebi:

tipis sesxebis dafinanseba saSualebas miscems

• monetaruli politikis formirebis gaum-

komerciul banks praqtikulad nulamde Seam-

jobesebis mizniT, Seiqmna axali makroeko-

ciros saprocento ganakveTis cvlilebasTan

nomikuri modeli (detaluri informaci-

dakavSirebuli riskebi da momxmarebels Ses-

isTvis ixileT CanarTi N 1);

Tavazos sesxi ufro dabal procentad. msgav-

• monetaruli politikis prognozirebado-

si tipis sesxebi didi popularobiT sargeb-

bis gazrdisa da swori molodinebis Camo-

lobs aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi, Tumca

yalibebis mizniT, gadaixeda komunikaci-

saqarTveloSi maTi wili mTlian sesxebSi sak-

maod mcirea. erovnuli banki momavalSic ga-

saqarTvelos

nagrZobs cvladi saprocento ganakveTebiT

dis monetaruli politikis nawili. aseve

sesxebis ganviTarebis xelis Sewyobas.

mimdinareobs

arsebuli

arxebi.

kerZod,

erovnuli

muSaoba

bankis

ganaxlda vebgver-

erovnuli

bankis

monetaruli politikis efeqtianobis gaz-

monetaruli politikis strategiis doku-

rdis mizniT, wlis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelova-

mentze, romelic sazogadoebas gaacnobs

ni yuradReba eqceoda komunikaciis arsebuli

im ZiriTad principebsa da midgomebs, rom-

arxebis ganviTarebasa da axali saSualebebis

lebic gamoiyeneba monetaruli politikis

danergvas. inflaciis TargeTirebis reJimis

formirebis procesSi;

pirobebSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs sazoga-

• larizaciis zrdis mizniT, erovnulma bank-

doebaSi swori molodinebis Camoyalibeba da

ma daamtkica komerciuli bankebis standar-

monetaruli politikis cvlilebis prognozi-

tuli sadepozito sertifikatebis debule-

rebadoba, rac efeqtiani komunikaciiT aris

ba, romelic xels Seuwyobs resursebis

SesaZlebeli. am mizniT ganxorcielda saqarT-

mozidvas erovnuli valutiT;

velos erovnuli bankis vebgverdis monetaru-

• erovnuli valutis gamoyenebis wasaxaliseb-

li politikis nawilis ganaxleba. aRniSnuli

lad aseve gafarTovda erovnuli bankis op-

nawili Seivso detaluri informaciiT da

eraciebSi gamoyenebadi giraos baza, ramac

gaxda ufro metad orientirebuli momxmare-

kidev ufro gazarda komerciuli bankebi-

belze. amasTan, mas daemata xSirad dasmuli

sTvis xelmisawvdomi laris resursis mo-

kiTxvebi, romelic moicavs rogorc monetaru-

culoba;

li politikis, aseve erovnul bankTan dakav-

• finansuri bazris ganviTarebisTvis mniS-

Sirebul sxva Temebs. garda amisa, gadaixeda

vnelovani iyo aseve mTavrobis mier 10-wli-

publikaciebis formati. kerZod, 2013 wlis

ani saxazino obligaciebis gamoSveba, rac

Tebervlidan ganaxlda inflaciis mimoxilvis

bazarze grZelvadiani saprocento ganakve-

formati – igi ufro metad orientirebulia

Tebis Camoyalibebas Seuwyobs xels;

prognozebisa da mosalodneli ekonomikuri

• periodulad

tardeboda

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

bankis

prezentaciebi

movlenebis aRweraze. ganaxlebuli inflaciis

erovnuli bankis warmomadgenlebis mier

mimoxilva monetaruli politikis komunikaci-

biznesis sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenel-

is ZiriTadi instrumenti gaxda. amJamad, aseve

TaTvis aqtualuri Temebis Sesaxeb, rac eko-

mimdinareobs muSaoba monetaruli politikis

nomikuri cnobadobis gazrdas uwyobs xels. 45

CanarTi N 1 prognozirebisa da monetaruli politikis analizis sistema (FPAS)

tolebebi struqturulia da mis Semadgenel

monetaruli politika ekonomikaze garkve-

yvela gantolebas ekonomikuri mniSvneloba

uli periodis Semdeg axdens gavlenas. amdenad

gaaCnia. amasTan, modeli agebulia saqarTve-

mniSvnelovania, rom monetaruli politikis

los ekonomikis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT,

gadawyvetilebebi momavalze orientirebuli

rac analizis farTo SesaZleblobebs iZleva.

iyos da makroekonomikur prognozebs efuZne-

modelis prognozi damokidebulia mode-

bodes. monetaruli politikis efeqtianobis

liTve gansazRvrul monetarul politikaze,

asamaRleblad saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

rogorc makroekonomikuri garemos erT-erT

did yuradRebas uTmobs analitikuri Sesa-

faqtorze.

Zleblobebis zrdas da adamianuri resursebis

zSi asaxulia erovnuli bankis mimdinare da

ganviTarebas. am mxriv mniSvnelovani iyo 2012

mosalodneli qceva. monetaruli politikis

weli. gasuli wlis TebervalSi, saqarTvelos

reaqciis funqcia aris teiloris tipis mar-

erovnuli banki CaerTo evropis rekonstruq-

tivi wesi da SesabamisobaSia erovnuli bankis

ciisa da ganviTarebis bankis (EBRD) mier dafi-

organuli kanoniT gansazRvrul mizanTan.

Sesabamisad,

modelis

progno-

proeqtSi, romelic iTvaliswinebs

prognozireba moiTxovs ekonomikis fun-

CexeTis erovnuli bankis gamocdilebis bazaze

qcionirebis modelirebas, mimdinare da war-

nansebul

makroekono-

suli tendenciebis analizs da eqspertuli

mikuri prognozirebisa da monetaruli poli-

mosazrebebis sinTezs. Sesabamisad, prognozi-

tikis analizis sistemis (FPAS) ganviTarebasa

rebisa da monetaruli politikis analizis

da misi Sedegebis sazogadoebasTan komuni-

sistema garda misi ZiriTadi birTvisa, da-

kaciis sakiTxebze.

matebiT ramdenime analitikur instruments

sakonsultacio

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

dakvirvebis saSualebas iZleva. modelis gan-

momsaxurebas

proeqtis farglebSi SemuSavda FPAS-sis-

moicavs. aRniSnuli instrumentebi ZiriTadad

temis ZiriTadi birTvi – „zogadi wonasworo-

moklevadiani prognozirebisa da mimdinare

bis makroekonomikuri modeli“ (DSGE), rac

ekonomikuri poziciis Sefasebas uzrunvel-

msoflios

yofs, rac eqspertuli Sexedulebebis formi-

ZiriTadi

centraluri

bankebis

mier farTod gamoyenebuli, makroekonomikuri prognozirebis ZiriTadi saSualebaa. igi

ganekuTvneba

naxevrad

struqturuli

rebisTvis gamoiyeneba. am

sistemaze

dayrdnobiT

saqarTvelos

erovnuli banki amzadebs makroekonomikur

modelebis klass. modeli dabalansebulia,

prognozebs,

erTis mxriv, empiriulad sasurveli Tvise-

talur inflaciis mimoxilvaSi. 2013 wlidan

bebiT da meore mxriv, dinamikuri stoqas-

aseve Seicvleba inflaciis mimoxilvis for-

turi zogadi wonasworobis (DSGE) midgomiT.

mati, romelic fokusirebuli iqneba momaval

masSi

mikroekonomiku-

prognozebsa da maT analizze. inflaciis mi-

ri safuZveli da bazris molodinebi, rac

moxilva monetaruli politikis komunikaciis-

models momavalze orientirebuls xdis da

Tvis ZiriTadi instrumenti gaxdeba.

gaTvaliswinebulia

romelic gamoqveyndeba

kvar-

monetaruli politikisTvis eqsperimentebze

14. proeqtis farglebSi, EBRD-is mier daqiravebul iqna praRaSi dafuZnebuli sakonsultacio kompania „OGResearch“. aRniSnuli kompaniis partniorebi arian am dargSi msoflios wamyvani specialistebi da CexeTis erovnuli bankis yofili prezidenti zdenek tuma.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, efeqtiani mone-

maSasadame, erovnuli bankis kontrolis qveS

taruli politikis sawarmoeblad da misi

iyo moklevadiani saprocento ganakveTebi,

cvlilebis ekonomikaze gadacemis efeqtiano-

rac aucilebel winapirobas warmoadgens mone-

bis gasaZliereblad mniSvnelovania fuladi

taruli politikis gadacemis meqanizmis efeq-

bazris ganviTareba da gafarToeba. wina wlis

tianad funqcionirebisaTvis. amasTan, mniSvne-

msgavsad, 2012 wels komerciuli bankebi aqti-

lovani iyo aseve fulad bazarze bankTaSorisi

urad iyenebdnen refinansirebis instruments,

tranzaqciebis moculobis mateba. kerZod,

romlis saprocento ganakveTi ganisazRvreba

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi bankTaSorisi de-

politikis ganakveTis mixedviT (aranakleb am

pozitebis brunva sayuradRebo zrdis tenden-

ganakveTisa), rac ganapirobebda am bazris ga-

ciiT xasiaTdeboda.

nakveTebis daaxloebas politikis ganakveTTan.

diagrama N 2.3 bankTaSorisi depozitebis brunva 1,400

1,200

mln lari

1,000

800

600

400

200

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

fuladi

bazris

ganviTarebisTvis

mniS-

rocento ganakveTi dastabilurda politikis

vnelovan winapirobas warmoadgens am bazarze

ganakveTis irgvliv. amgvarad, erovnuli ban-

arsebuli saprocento ganakveTebis meryeo-

kis kontrolis arealSi moeqca moklevadiani

bis Semcireba. am kuTxiT mniSvnelovani roli

saprocento ganakveTebi, riTac gaumjobesda

iTamaSa erTdRiani sesxebisa da depozitebis

monetaruli politikis efeqtianoba. sapro-

instrumentebma,

cento

romelTa

saprocento

ga-

ganakveTebis

meryeobis

SemcirebaSi

nakveTebi mibmulia politikis ganakveTze (+/-

mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana aseve monetaru-

1.5 procentuli punqti) da qmnis saprocento

li politikis prognozirebadobis zrdam, rac

derefans fulad bazarze. Sedegad, bolo

gaumjobesebuli komunikaciisa da gamWvirva-

wlebSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda saprocento

lobis Sedegia.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

mai-12

seq-12

ian-12

mai-11

seq-11

ian-11

mai-10

seq-10

ian-10

mai-09

seq-09

ian-09

mai-08

seq-08

ian-08

mai-07

seq-07

ian-07

mai-06

seq-06

ian-06

mai-05

seq-05

ian-05

mai-04

seq-04

ian-04

mai-03

seq-03

ian-03

ganakveTebis meryeoba da bankTaSorisi sap-

diagrama N 2.4 saprocento ganakveTebis meryeoba (1-Tviani standartuli gadaxra) 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00

ian-13

ian-12

ian-11

ian-10

ian-09

ian-08

ian-07

ian-06

ian-05

ian-04

ian-03

ian-02

ian-01

ian-00

0.00

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSic bankTaSorisi sap-

faqtobrivad,

monetaruli

politikis

Sem-

rocento ganakveTi e.w. saprocento derefnis

subuqebis tolfasi iyo. Warbi likvidobis

farglebSi meryeobda. Tumca, wlis pirvel

sterilizaciasTan erTad, wlis meore naxev-

naxevarSi bankTaSorisi ganakveTi politikis

ridan bankTaSorisi ganakveTi dauaxlovda

ganakveTze dabla narCundeboda, rac gan-

politikis ganakveTs, romelic kidev ufro

pirobebuli iyo sabanko sistemaSi arsebuli

Serbilda april-ivnisis TveebSi.

diagrama N 2.5 bankTaSorisi fuladi bazris dinamika 14%

100 90

12%

80 10%

50 6%

mln lari

20 2%

10 0 noe-12

seq-12

ivl-12

mai-12

mar-12

ian-12

noe-11

seq-11

mai-11

ivl-11

mar-11

ian-11

seq-10

noe-10

ivl-10

mai-10

ian-10

mar-10

noe-09

seq-09

mai-09

ivl-09

mar-09

0% ian-09

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

Warbi likvidobiT. procentebis es Semcireba,

moculoba (marjvena RerZi)

TIBR1 (marcxena RerZi)

politikis ganakveTi (marcxena RerZi)

erTdRiani sesxebis ganakveTi (marcxena RerZi)

erTdRiani depozitebis ganakveTi (marcxena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

monetaruli politikis meqanizmis fun-

(diagrama 2.7). 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi ga-

qcionirebisTvis aucilebelia, rom sapro-

tarebuli monetaruli politikis Serbileba

cento ganakveTebis cvlileba gadaeces ufro

aisaxa saprocento ganakveTebis SemcirebaSi.

grZelvadian saprocento ganakveTebs da sabo-

Semosavlianobis kleba dafiqsirda sxvadasxva

loo jamSi – gasesxebis ganakveTebs. sxvadasxva

vadianobis saxelmwifo fasian qaRaldebze

vadianobis saprocento ganakveTebs Soris kav-

(diagrama 2.6). mcirediT Semcireba SeiniSne-

Sirs aCvenebs saprocento ganakveTebis mrudi

boda aseve sabazro saprocento ganakveTebze.

diagrama N 2.6 mTavrobis fasian qaRaldebze saprocento ganakveTebi 20%

15%

10%

1 wliani

2 wliani

5 wliani

noe-12

seq-12

ivl-12

mai-12

mar-12

ian-12

noe-11

seq-11

ivl-11

mai-11

mar-11

ian-11

noe-10

seq-10

ivl-10

10 wliani

saprocento ganakveTebis klebasTan er-

saprocento ganakveTebis mrudis daxrilo-

Tad, adgili hqonda aseve Semosavlianobis

bis Semcirebis dinamika jer kidev 2010 wels

mrudis daxrilobis Semcirebas, rac fula-

daiwyo, rac im periodSi amoqmedebul axal

di bazris gaRrmavebas ukavSirdeba. gasuli

instrumentebs

wlebis ganmavlobaSi Semosavlianobis mruds

refinansirebis sesxebi, erovnuli bankis erT-

sakmaod didi daxriloba hqonda, vinaidan gan-

dRiani sesxebi da depozitebi da a.S.). amasTan,

sxvaveba sxvadasxva vadianobis saprocento

erovnuli bankis komunikaciis gaumjobesebam,

ganakveTebs Soris maRali iyo da es sxvaoba

politikis ganakveTis zomierma cvlilebebma

moicavda rogorc moklevadiani saprocento

da monetaruli politikis gadawyvetilebebis

ganakveTis cvlilebis, aseve saoperacio da

prognozirebadobis zrdam Seamcira momaval-

likvidobis riskebs. ganviTarebadi fuladi

bazris pirobebSi saprocento ganakveTebs So-

mkveTri cvlilebebis molodini, ramac aseve

ris sxvaoba mxolod saprocento risks asa-

gavlena

xavs. saqarTveloSi fuladi bazris gafarToe-

daxrilobis Semcirebaze. es ki monetaruli

basTan erTad Semcirda likvidobis riski, rac

politikis gadacemis meqanizmis efeqtianobis

gamoixata Semosavlianobis mrudis daxrilo-

zrdaze miuTiTebs.

ukavSirdeba

moklevadiani

moaxdina

(mudmivmoqmedi

saprocento

ganakveTebis

Semosavlianobis

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

mrudis

bis etapobriv SemcirebaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom

diagrama N 2.7 Semosavlianobis spredi politikis ganakveTTan SedarebiT 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% O/N

ivn-2000

ivn-2005

10Y

dek-2010

dek-2012

gasuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos

sebuli saxazino fasiani qaRaldebis naSTi,

erovnuli bankis mier gatarebulma RonisZie-

2011 wlis bolosTan SedarebiT ki zrdam 29

bebma (axali instrumentebis amoqmedeba, fi-

procenti Seadgina. pirveladi bazris gaR-

nansuri tranzaqciebis warmoebis gamartiveba)

rmavebasTan erTad, finansuri bazris ganvi-

mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina saqarTvelos

TarebisaTvis mniSvnelovania meoradi bazris

fuladi da kapitalis bazris gaaqtiurebasa

gaaqtiureba, rac kidev ufro gazrdis bazris

da ganviTarebaze. bolo wlebis ganmavloba-

likvidobas. 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi, wina wel-

Si mniSvnelovani zrda dafiqsirda saxazino

Tan SedarebiT, daaxloebiT 2.5-jer gaizarda

fasiani qaRaldebiT vaWrobis moculobebze

fasiani qaRaldebis meoradi bazris jamuri

pirvelad bazarze. 2010 welTan SedarebiT,

moculoba. gazrdilia aseve dadebuli garige-

daaxloebiT 1.6-jer gaizarda mimoqcevaSi ar-

bebis saSualo moculoba.

diagrama N 2.8 saxazino fasiani qaRaldebis da sadepozito sertifikatebis naSTebis dinamika 1999-2012 wlebSi 1,400

6.0%

1,200

5.0%

1,000

4.0%

800 3.0%

600

2.0%

400

mai-12

ian-11

seq-11

mai-10

seq-09

ian-09

mai-08

ian-07

seq-07

mai-06

seq-05

ian-05

mai-04

seq-03

ian-03

mai-02

ian-01

0.0% seq-01

0 mai-00

1.0%

seq-99

200

ian-99

mln lari

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

sadepozito sertifikatebis naSTi (marcxena RerZi) saxazino fasiani qaRaldebis naSTi (marcxena RerZi) mSp-Tan Tanafardoba (marjvena RerZi) wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

mimoqcevaSi arsebuli mTavrobis fasiani qaRaldebis

moculobis

matebasTan

ganakveTebis daregulirebas. rogorc zemoT

erTad

aRiniSna, 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi Semcirda

gaizarda vadianobac. 2011 wlamde emisire-

saqarTvelos finansuri bazris mrudis daxri-

buli saxazino obligaciebis maqsimaluri va-

loba, riTac Semcirda sxvaoba moklevadian

dianoba 2 wels Seadgenda. 2011 wels mTavro-

da grZelvadian saprocento ganakveTebs So-

bam 5 wliani saxazino obligaciebi gamouSva,

ris da kapitalis bazris saprocento ganakve-

2012 wlis martSi ki maqsimaluri vadianoba

Tebi dauaxlovda monetaruli politikis ga-

10 wlamde gaizarda. amgvarad, SesaZlebeli

nakveTs. es ki saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis

gaxda finansur bazarze grZelvadiani sapro-

monetaruli politikis efeqtianobis zrdaze

cento ganakveTebis Camoyalibeba. mTavrobis

miuTiTebs. erovnuli banki kvlavac ganagr-

fasiani qaRaldebis bazris gaRrmavebam xeli

Zobs aRniSnuli bazris ganviTarebis xelSem-

Seuwyo fuladi da kapitalis bazris likvi-

wyobi RonisZiebebis gatarebas, rac momavalSi

dobis zrdas, komerciuli bankebis mier la-

fasiani qaRaldebis meoradi bazris ganvi-

ris resursis ufro aqtiurad gamoyenebasa da

Tarebis winapiroba gaxdeba.

rac mTavaria, finansuri bazris saprocento

diagrama N 2.9 saxazino fasiani qaRaldebis naSTebi da saSualo vadianoba 700

30.0

600

25.0

500

Tve

400 15.0 300

mln lari

20.0

10.0

5.0

100

0.0

naSTi (marjvena RerZi)

noe-12

agv-12

mai-12

Teb-12

noe-11

agv-11

mai-11

Teb-11

noe-10

agv-10

mai-10

Teb-10

noe-09

agv-09

saSualo vadianoba (marcxena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, 2012 wlis ganmav-

romlebic miuTiTebda inflaciis mniSvnelo-

lobaSi inflaciis dabali maCvenebeli fiq-

van Semcirebaze, erovnulma bankma winaswar

sirdeboda. inflaciis dinamikaze mniSvnelo-

daiwyo

vani iyo rogorc Sida, aseve sagareo miwodebis

mosalodnelia, rom inflacia Semdgom peri-

faqtorebi. fiqsirdeboda moTxovnis Sene-

odSic dabal doneze SenarCundeba da etapob-

lebac. arsebuli prognozebis safuZvelze,

rivad daubrundeba miznobriv dones.

monetaruli

politikis

Serbileba.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

200

2.2 ფულად-საკრედიტო პოლიტიკის ინსტრუმენტები 012 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis

fulad-sakredito politika xorcieldeboda monetaruli politikis komite-

tis gadawyvetilebebis Sesabamisad. monetaruli operaciebis mizania bankTaSoris bazarze arsebuli ganakveTebi iyos stabiluri da axlos saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monetaruli politikis komitetis mier gansazRvrul monetaruli politikis ganakveTTan. saoperacio miznis misaRwevad gamoiyeneboda saoperacio CarCo, romelic warmoadgens monetaruli instrumentebisa da maTi gamoyenebis midgomebis erTobliobas. saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis saoperacio CarCo Sedgeba Semdegi monetaruli instrumentebisagan: refinansirebis sesxebi, erTdRiani sesxebi, erTdRiani depozitebi, sadepozito sertifikatebi da minimaluri sa-

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier gatarebuli politikis Sedegad, 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi saprocento ganakveTis gadacemis საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

meqanizmi wina wlebTan SedarebiT kidev ufro moimata

komerciuli

bankebis

aqtiurobam bankTaSoris fulad bazarze, sadac erovnuli valutiT

ganxorcielebuli

garigebebis moculoba 11.3 procentiT gaizarda da 12.7 mlrd lari Seadgina. saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monetaruli politikis ganakveTis etapobrivi Semcirebis paralelurad, 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi mcirdeboda bankTaSorisi saprocento ganakveTebi da monetaruli politikis saprocento ganakveTTan axlos moZraobda. saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monetaruli politikis komitetis gadawyvetilebebis farglebSi da sabanko sistemaSi likvidobis moklevadiani prognozis safuZvelze saqarTvelos erovnuli banki gansazRvravda refinansirebis sesxebis yovelkvireul moculobas. erovnuli banki am process marTavda im kuTxiT, rom auqcionze dafiqsirebuli saSualo

politikis ganakveTis siaxloves.

2.2.1 რეფინანსირების სესხები sabanko sistemis moklevadiani likvidobiT uzrunvelyofis mizniT, saqarTvelos erovnuli banki 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi yovelkvireulad iyenebda 2008 wlidan amoqmedebul refinansirebis sesxis instruments. refinansirebis sesxebis saSualebiT sabanko seqtorisaTvis xelmisawvdomi iyo moklevadiani likvidobis miRebis saimedo da dabalriskiani wyaro, ramac dadebiTad imoqmeda fulad bazarsa da finansur

stabilurobaze.

refinansirebis

instrumentis mizania bankTaSoris bazarze moklevadiani saprocento ganakveTis marTva. erovnuli banki aris laris bazarze moklevadiani likvidobis erTaderTi mimwodebeli, amdenad mas aqvs saSualeba refinansirebis instrumentiT miaRwios bankTaSoris bazarze misTvis sasurvel saprocento ganakveTs. auq-

rezervo moTxovnebi.

gaaqtiurda.

saprocento ganakveTi yofiliyo monetaruli

cionis meSveobiT refinansirebis sesxis saprocento ganakveTi efuZneboda saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monetaruli politikis ganakveTs. sabanko sistemaSi aucilebeli likvidobis moTxovnebis dakmayofilebisa da refinansirebis sesxis instrumentisadmi finansuri bazris monawileTa ndobis kidev ufro gaRrmavebis mizniT, 2012 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli banki aseve iyenebda mudmivmoqmedi refinansirebis sesxis instruments, romelic gaicema auqcionis gareSe. mudmivmoqmedi refinansirebis

sesxis

instrumentiT

bankebs

hqondaT likvidobis saWiroebis dafinansebis garantirebuli meqanizmi. bankebs saSualeba hqondaT esargeblaT refinansirebis sesxebiT im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu isini ver moaxerxebdnen refinansirebis auqcionidan sesxis aRebas. mudmivmoqmedi refinansirebis sesxis saprocento ganakveTi winaswar aris dadgenili saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monetaruli politikis komitetis mier da ganisazRvreba rogorc monetaruli politikis ganakveTs

plius erTi procentuli punqti. auqcionis

kis sadepozito sertifikatebi, saqarTvelos

gareSe refinansirebis sesxis vadianoba da

mTavrobis fasiani qaRaldebi, komerciuli

Sesabamisad sesxis aRebisa da dafarvis Tari-

bankebis sasesxo aqtivebi da saerTaSoriso

Rebi identuria auqcionis wesiT refinansire-

sabanko garantiebi. sesxis uzrunvelyofis

bis sesxis TariRebisa.

TiToeuli aseTi saxeobis aqtivebze erovnu-

wina

wlebis

analogiurad,

2012

wlis

li bankis mier gansazRvruli iyo Sesabamisi

ganmavlobaSi maRali iyo sabanko seqtoris

kriteriumebi. saqarTvelos erovnul bank-

daintereseba refinansirebis sesxis instru-

Tan monetaruli operaciebis warmoebisaTvis,

mentis mimarT. wlis ganmavlobaSi auqcionis

giraos am saxeobebidan komerciuli bankebi

gareSe refinansirebis sesxi gaica 8-jer (2011

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi ZiriTadad iyenebd-

wels 16-jer).

nen saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis sadepozito

2012 wels monetaruli operaciebis giraos bazaSi Sedioda saqarTvelos erovnuli ban-

sertifikatebs da saqarTvelos mTavrobis fasian qaRaldebs.

diagrama N 2.10 refinansirebis sesxebis moculoba 2010-2012 wlebSi 500 450 400 350 mln lari

300 250 200 150 100 50

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2.2.2 ერთდღიანი სესხები და დეპოზიტები

procento

fuladi bazris ganviTarebis xelSewyobis,

Tvelos erovnuli bankis erTdRiani sesxe-

bankTaSorisi saprocento ganakveTis meryeobis

bisaTvis, xolo qveda saprocento ganakveTi

Semcirebisa da fuladi bazris aqtivobis

gamoiyeneboda saqarTvelos erovnuli ban-

gazrdis mizniT, 2012 wels bankTaSoris bazarze,

kis erTdRiani depozitisaTvis. 2012 wels

msoflioSi miRebuli saukeTeso praqtikis

saprocento ganakveTis derefani Seadgenda 3

Sesabamisad,

banki

procents, monetaruli politikis ganakveTs

agrZelebda saprocento ganakveTis derefnis

plius/minus 1.5 procentuli punqti. sapro-

gamoyenebas, rac xels uwyobda bankTaSorisi

cento ganakveTis derefnis gamoyeneba amci-

bazris

stabilur

rebs bankTaSoris bazarze saprocento gana-

CarCoebSi moqcevas. saprocento ganakveTis

kveTebis mkveTr meryeobas da, Tavis mxriv,

derefani ganisazRvra rogorc monetaruli

xels uwyobs bankTaSorisi saprocento gana-

politikis ganakveTidan TanabarmniSvnelovani

kveTis daaxloebas politikis ganakveTTan (ix.

gadaxrebi

diagrama N 2.5).

saqarTvelos

saprocento

erovnuli

ganakveTis

saprocento

ganakveTebis

zeda

da qveda zRvris formirebisaTvis. zeda sa-

ganakveTi

gamoiyeneboda

saqar-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

apr-10 mai-10 ivn-10 ivl-10 ivl-10 agv-10 seq-10 oqt-10 noe-10 dek-10 ian-11 Teb-11 mar-11 apr-11 mai-11 ivn-11 ivn-11 ivl-11 agv-11 seq-11 oqt-11 noe-11 dek-11 ian-12 Teb-12 mar-12 apr-12 apr-12 mai-12 ivn-12 ivl-12 agv-12 seq-12 oqt-12 noe-12 noe-12 dek-12

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis erTdRiani

sesxebi sabanko seqtorisaTvis warmoadgenda

kveTebs Soris wlis ganmavlobaSi mcirdeboda,

myisieri likvidobis miRebis yvelaze swraf

rac bazris efeqtianobis zrdaze miuTiTebda.

saSualebas, Tumca sabazro saprocento ga-

2012 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli ban-

nakveTTan SedarebiT ufro maRali fasiT.

kis mier gamoSvebuli iyo 3-Tviani da 6-Tvi-

es, Tavis mxriv, bankebs ubiZgebda fulad

ani vadianobis sadepozito sertifikatebi.

bazarze finansuri resursebis ukeTesi fasiT

es fasiani qaRaldebi sabanko seqtoris mier

moZiebisaken da Sesabamisad am instrumentze

gamoyenebuli iyo rogorc likvidobis marT-

didi moTxovna ar iyo. likvidobis samarTa-

vis yvelaze mimzidveli da efeqtiani mokle-

vad bankebi ZiriTadad refinansirebis sesxebs

vadiani instrumenti. Sesabamisad, sadepozito

iyenebdnen, rac sabanko seqtorisaTvis mokle-

sertifikatebis

vadiani likvidobis marTvis gacilebiT ufro

romelic asaxavs faqtiuri ganTavsebis Se-

moqnili da srulyofili saSualebaa. erTdRi-

fardebas dagegmil emisiasTan, Seadgina 1.0,

ani sesxebisaTvis moqmedebs giraos igive baza,

xolo

rac refinansirebis sesxebisaTvis.

aCvenebs moTxovnis fardobas gamocxadebul

ganTavsebis

moTxovnis

koeficientma,

romelic

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

emisiasTan, 2.37 Seadgina.

2.2.3 ფასიანი ქაღალდები

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi gamocxadebuli 52

sadepozito sertifikatebi

auqcionidan, komerciuli bankebis mier sade-

2012 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli banki ga-

pozito sertifikatebi SeZenil iqna yvela

nagrZobda sakuTari fasiani qaRaldebis – sad-

auqcionze, sruli odenobiT. mTlianobaSi

epozito sertifikatebis emisias. aRniSnuli

ganTavsda 1.6 mlrd laris nominaluri Rire-

fasiani qaRaldebi finansTa saministros saxa-

bulebis sadepozito sertifikatebi, xolo

zino valdebulebebTan da saxazino obliga-

daifara 1.48 mlrd laris nominaluri Ri-

ciebTan erTad komerciuli bankebidan maRali

rebulebis sadepozito sertifikatebi. 2012

moTxovniT sargeblobda. amasTan, sadepozito

wlis dasawyisSi mimoqcevaSi arsebuli sade-

sertifikatebi mimoiqceoda 3-Tviani da 6-Tvi-

pozito sertifikatebis moculoba 450 mln

ani vadianobis segmentze, xolo mTavrobis fa-

laridan, wlis bolos, 570 mln laramde gai-

siani qaRaldebi – 1-wliani, 2-wliani, 5-wliani

zarda. sadepozito sertifikatebis TiToeul

da 10-wliani vadianobis segmentze. aRniSnul-

auqcionSi monawileobas iRebda saSualod 5

ma fasianma qaRaldebma xeli Seuwyo Semosav-

komerciuli banki.

lianobis stabiluri mrudis Camoyalibebas.

2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, mi-

Semosavlianobis mrudi iZleoda mniSvnelo-

moqcevaSi arsebul 570 mln laris sadepozito

van informacias sxvadasxva vadianobis sapro-

sertifikatebs flobda 8 komerciuli banki.

cento ganakveTebis Sesaxeb, aseve finansuri

sadepozito sertifikatebis meorad bazarze

bazris monawileTa molodinebis Sesaxeb. Se-

2012 wels daido 50 garigeba saerTo TanxiT

mosavlianobis mrudis mixedviT, spredebi gr-

413.3 mln lari (2011 wels ganxorcielebul

Zelvadian da moklevadian saprocento gana-

iqna 199.1 mln laris moculobis 52 garigeba).

diagrama N 2.11 sadepozito sertifikatebis portfelis moculoba 2010-2012 wlebSi 700 600

mln lari

500 400 300 200 100

noe-12

seq-12

ivl-12

mai-12

mar-12

ian-12

noe-11

seq-11

ivl-11

mai-11

mar-11

ian-11

noe-10

seq-10

ivl-10

mai-10

mar-10

ian-10

saxelmwifo obligaciebi

bankis mier auqcionis meSveobiT, mravali fa-

fulad-sakredito politikis miznebis gan-

sis meTodiT, „blumbergis“ savaWro sistemis

xorcielebisaTvis, 2012 wels saqarTvelos

gamoyenebiT. auqcionSi monawileobis miReba

erovnulma bankma ganaxorciela Ria bazris

SeuZlia saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier

operacia da mis mflobelobaSi arsebuli sa-

licenzirebul komerciul bankebs da maTi

xelmwifo obligaciebis didi nawili gaasxvisa

meSveobiT nebismier iuridiul da fizikur

auqcionis wesiT. auqcionze gasayidad gatani-

pirs. fasian qaRalds SesaZloa hyavdes nomi-

li iyo 114 mln laris nominaluri Rirebule-

naluri mflobeli – bazris Suamavali, romel-

bis 13 fasiani qaRaldi. komerciuli bankebis

sac mesakuTre werilobiTi xelSekrulebiT

mier saxelmwifo obligaciebi SeZenili iqna

aniWebs reestrSi saxazino valdebulebebis

yvela auqcionze sruli odenobiT. moTxovnis

da obligaciebis Tavis saxelze aRricxvis da

koeficientma Seadgina 3.25. meorad bazarze am

maTi gankargvis, yidva-gayidvis da dagirave-

fasiani qaRaldebiT ganxorcielda 7 garigeba,

bis uflebas.

romlebSic myidvelis statusiT monawileobda bankis klienti. saxazino valdebulebebi da saxazino obligaciebi

sul mimoqcevaSi arsebuli saxazino valdebulebebisa da saxazino obligaciebis portfelma 2012 wlis bolosaTvis 587 mln lari Seadgina, rac mSp-is 2.25 procents Seadgens.

laris fuladi bazris ganviTarebis xelSew-

aRsaniSnavia, rom bazarze mimoqcevadi saxazi-

yobisTvis, mniSvnelovani iyo saqarTvelos fi-

no fasiani qaRaldebis moculoba ekonomikis

nansTa saministros mier saxazino valdebule-

zomasTan SedarebiT jer kidev mcirea. bazris

bebisa da saxazino obligaciebis gamoSvebis

likvidobis gasazrdelad mniSvnelovania saxa-

gagrZeleba. 2012 wels saqarTvelos finansTa

zino fasiani qaRaldebis emisiebis gazrda,

saministro axdenda 1-wliani vadianobis dis-

rac aseve xels Seuwyobs sagareo valis aRe-

konturi fasiani qaRaldebis – saxazino valde-

basTan dakavSirebuli riskebis Semcirebas.

bulebebisa da 2-wliani, 5-wliani da 10-wliani

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi fasiani qaRaldebis

kuponuri fasiani qaRaldebis – saxazino ob-

meorad bazarze, saxazino valdebulebebze

ligaciebis emisias. am fasiani qaRaldebis

ganxorcielda 20 garigeba jamuri nominaluri

emisia xdeba erovnuli valutiT, aramateri-

RirebulebiT 74.6 mln lari (2011 wels 16

alizebuli formiT. erTi fasiani qaRaldis

garigeba, 36.1 mln lari), xolo saxazino ob-

nominaluri Rirebuleba 1000 laria. saxazino

ligaciebze ganxorcielda 24 garigeba jamuri

valdebulebebisa da saxazino obligaciebis

nominaluri RirebulebiT 131.4 mln lari

gayidva xorcieldeba saqarTvelos erovnuli

(2011 wels 3 garigeba, 25.9 mln lari).

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 2.12 2012 wels saxazino valdebulebebisa da saxazino obligaciebis portfeli 550 500 450 400 mln lari

350 300 250 200 150 100 50

saxazino valdebulebebi

dek-12

noe-12

oqt-12

seq-12

agv-12

ivl-12

ivn-12

mai-12

apr-12

mar-12

Teb-12

ian-12

dek-11

saxazino obligaciebi

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

monetaruli gadacemis meqanizmis efeq-

ba, Tumca misi ufro gaaqtiurebis erT-erT

tianobis zrdisaTvis mniSvnelovania fasiani

ZiriTad Semaferxebel garemoebas mimoqcevaSi

qaRaldebis likviduri meoradi bazris arse-

arsebuli fasiani qaRaldebis arasakmarisi mo-

boba. 2012 wels wina wlebTan SedarebiT mniS-

culoba warmoadgenda.

vnelovnad gaizarda meoradi bazris aqtivodiagrama N 2.13 meoradi bazris dinamika 120

16 14

12 80 mln lari

10 60

8 6

4 20 2 0 dek-12

noe-12

oqt-12

seq-12

agv-12

ivl-12

mai-12

ivn-12

apr-12

mar-12

ian-12

tranzaqciebis raodenoba (marjvena RerZi)

Teb-12

dek-11

noe-11

oqt-11

seq-11

agv-11

ivl-11

ivn-11

mai-11

apr-11

mar-11

Teb-11

0 ian-11

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

100

moculoba (marcxena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

fasiani qaRaldebis meoradi bazris ufro

srulyofas, rac, sabolood, praqtikaSi „sax-

metad gaaqtiurebis xelSewyobisa da Sesa-

elmwifo fasiani qaRaldebis angariSsworebis

bamisi Tanamedrove maRalteqnologiuri in-

(CSD) sistemis“ da sxvadasxva urTierTinteg-

frastruqturis mowyobisaTvis, saqarTvelos

rirebuli sistemebis srulyofili funqcioni-

erovnuli banki agrZelebda mis mier ganxor-

rebiT gamoixateboda.

cielebuli mniSvnelovani materialuri da

amave mizniT, saqarTvelos erovnuli ban-

inteleqtualuri investiciebis ganviTareba-

kis iniciativiT Seiqmna da amoqmedda repo

Sesaxeb

CarCo

xelSekruleba,

dros daibrunebs Tavis fasian qaRalds, an-

romlis farglebSi repo garigebebis dadebi-

gariSsworeba

saTvis bankebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon blumber-

bankebis mier.

gis savaWro sistema da „saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebis angariSsworebis (CSD) sistema“.

garantirebulia

komerciuli

proeqtis farglebSi moqmedebs internet vebgverdi www.tgx.com.ge, romelic potenci-

yovelive es iZleva fasiani qaRaldebis

ur investors akavSirebs brokerTan. brokers

meoradi bazris ganviTarebis karg safuZvels

SeiZleba warmoadgendes saqarTveloSi li-

da mas unda mohyves bazris likvidobis zrda

cenzirebuli nebismieri komerciuli banki.

damatebiTi fasiani qaRaldebis, maT Soris,

vaWroba xorcieldeba yovel samuSao dRes,

gansakuTrebiT grZelvadiani fasiani qaRal-

Sesabamisad, emitenti da brokerebi yovel-

debis gamoSvebis gziT.

dRe aqveyneben fasiani qaRaldebis yidvisa da

oqros sertifikatebi

gayidvis fasebs. angariSsworeba yidva-gayid-

2012 wels erovnulma bankma daiwyo da

vis operaciebze emitentsa da brokerebs Soris

axorcielebs oqros bazris ganviTarebis pro-

xorcieldeba araumetes T+3 dRis principiT.

eqts, romlis mizania oqros sainvesticio

erovnuli banki uflebamosilia gansazRvros

garemos Seqmna qveynis centraluri bankis

erT dReSi erTi komerciuli bankisagan da/an

sruli garantiiT. oqroSi investireba, aRniS-

misi meSveobiT oqros sertifikatebiT vaWro-

nuli dacvis pirobebSi da fasiani qaRaldis

bis limiti, rac mimdinare mdgomareobiT gani-

fasis gansazRvris principis gaTvaliswinebiT,

sazRvreba 2000 unciis odenobiT.

romlis Sesabamisad fasi 1 uncia oqroze arse-

investireba SesaZlebelia ori saxis oqros

biTad miaxloebulia oqros msoflio sabazro

sertifikatis meSveobiT: oqros zodis serti-

fasTan, mosalodnelia, rom gansakuTrebiT

fikati da oqros sainvesticio sertifikati.

mimzidveli iqneba potenciuri investorebis-

orive maTganis ganaRdebis SemTxvevaSi inves-

Tvis.

tori miiRebs londonis oqros zodis bazris

„saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis oqros ser-

asociaciis (London Bullion Market Association -

tifikatebi“ arsebuli saxiT mimoqcevaSia 2012

LBMA) mier aRiarebuli mwarmoeblis oqros

wlis 25 ivnisidan. es fasiani qaRaldi war-

zods.

moadgens sainvesticio finansur instruments, romlis emitentia saqarTvelos erovnuli banki. ganxorcielebuli investiciis garantiis saSualebaa erovnuli bankis sacavSi arsebuli fizikuri oqro an saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebSi arsebul angariSebze ganTavsebuli oqro. oqros sertifikati, grZelvadiani investirebis garda, saSualebas iZleva nebismier dros ganxorcieldes oqros fizikuri ganaRdeba. erovnuli bankis mier ganxorcielebuli am proeqtis upiratesoba procedurul simartivesa da moqnilobaSia. investirebis SesaZlebloba eZleva nebismier pirs misi moqalaqobis da/an rezidentobis miuxedavad, ar arsebobs monawile mxaris riski, investicia imarTeba saxelmwifo rezervebis marTvis Sesabamisad. erovnuli banki, rogorc emitenti, nebismier

2.2.4 მინიმალური სარეზერვო მოთხოვნები minimaluri sarezervo moTxovnebis instrumentis meSveobiT saqarTvelos erovnul banks saSualeba aqvs gavlena moaxdinos fulis multiplikatoris marTvaze. minimaluri sarezervo moTxovnebis instrumentiT saqarTvelos erovnuli banki qmnis danarCeni monetaruli instrumentebis efeqtiani gamoyenebis winapirobas. saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mone-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

garigebebis

taruli politikis gasaaqtiureblad, laris fuladi bazris ganviTarebis xelSewyobisa da larizaciis tendenciebis gazrdis mizniT, 2012 wels komerciuli bankebis mier erovnuli valutiT mozidul saxsrebze minimaluri sarezervo moTxovnebis norma Seadgens 10 procents (1 welze meti narCeni vadianobis

nasesxebi saxsrebisTvis sarezervo norma 0

spondento angariSze ganTavsebul saSualod

procents Seadgens), xolo ucxouri valutiT

moziduli saxsrebis 5 procentis Sesabamis

mozidul saxsrebze – 15 procents (narCeni

Tanxas aricxavda erovnuli bankis monetaruli

vadianobebiT ucxouri valutiT 1 wlidan 2

politikis ganakveTis odenobis procents. aSS

wlamde vadianobis nasesxebi saxsrebisaTvis

dolariT da evroTi formirebul minimalur

minimaluri sarezervo norma iyo 5 procenti,

rezervebs erovnuli banki aricxavda Sesa-

xolo 2 welze meti narCeni vadianobis nas-

bamisi centraluri bankis (aSS federaluri

esxebi saxsrebisTvis sarezervo norma 0 pro-

sarezervo sistemis da evropis centraluri

cents Seadgens). saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi

bankis) politikis ganakveTs minus 0.5 procen-

komerciuli bankebis mier ganTavsebul mini-

tuli punqtiT Semcirebul procents, magram

malur rezervebs erovnuli banki aricxavda

aranakleb nulisa.

Sesabamis procentebs. kerZod, salare sakore-

diagrama N 2.14 sarezervo norma narCeni vadianobis mixedviT 20%

15%

10%

0% 0

0-1 wlamde

1 weli

1-2 wlamde

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

ucxouri valutiT moziduli saxsrebi

2 weli

2 welze meti

erovnuli valutiT moziduli saxsrebi

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2.3 სავალუტო პოლიტიკა და საერთაშორისო რეზერვების მართვა

SemoRebul iqna savaluto auqcionebis meqanizmi, romelic warmoadgens savaluto bazarze intervenciis erTaderT instruments. aRniSnuli meqanizmis amoqmedebam mniSvnelovnad

rovnuli bankis savaluto politika mi-

Seamcira

znad isaxavs etapobrivad, savaluto ba-

saWiroeba savaluto bazarze da misi wili sav-

zarze intervenciebis SemcirebiT Tavi-

aluto vaWrobebSi. aseTma midgomam sagrZnob-

suflad mcurav gacvliT kursze gadasvlas.

lad gazarda kursis moklevadiani meryeoba,

gacvliTi kursis aseTi reJimi

amcirebs sa-

gacvliTi kursi gaxda araprognozirebadi

gareo Sokebis zegavlenas realur ekonomi-

moklevadian periodSi, ramac moxsna kursze

kaze da xels uwyobs makroekonomikuri stabi-

spekulaciuri wnexi da Sedegad gazarda la-

lurobis uzrunvelyofas.

ris stabiluroba grZelvadian periodSi. 2012

erovnuli

bankis

intervenciebis

erovnuli bankis mier Tavisuflad mcurav

wlis ganmavlobaSi erovnuli banki cdilob-

gacvliT kursze gadasvlis mimarTulebiT

da savaluto bazarze mxolod minimalurad

gatarebuli reformis Sedegad, 2009 wels,

Careuliyo, romlis mizans kapitalis droebi-

Ti, Warbi nakadebis gacvliT kursze gadaWar-

kis mier gasuli wlis ganmavlobaSi Sesyidu-

bebuli zegavlenis aRmofxvra warmoadgenda.

li/gayiduli ucxouri valutis moculobam

saangariSo periodSi kidev ufro Semcirda

da intervenciebis wilma bankTaSorisi sava-

erovnuli bankis savaluto intervenciebis

luto bazris brunvebSi arsebiTad moiklo

sixSire bazarze. saqarTvelos erovnuli ban-

wina wlebTan SedarebiT.

diagrama N 2.15 savaluto bazris dinamika 2003-2012 wlebSi 300 250

mln aSS dolari

savaluto auqcionebis SemoReba

16 14

200

12 10

150

100

6 4

moculoba, marcxena RerZi

mai-12

seq-12

ian-12

mai-11

seq-11

ian-11

mai-10

seq-10

ian-10

mai-09

seq-09

ian-09

mai-08

seq-08

ian-08

mai-07

seq-07

ian-07

mai-06

seq-06

ian-06

mai-05

seq-05

ian-05

mai-04

seq-04

ian-04

mai-03

seq-03

ian-03

erovnuli bankis wvlili, marcxena RerZi

intervenciis saSualo Tviuri raodenoba, marjvena RerZi

savaluto auqcionebis SemoRebis Semdeg

Si gacvliT kurss axasiaTebs moklevadiani

sagrZnoblad gaizarda laris gacvliTi kur-

meryeoba. aSS dolarTan mimarTebaSi laris

sis meryeoba moklevadian periodSi, rac xels

gacvliTi kursis meryeobas daaxloebiT ise-

uwyobs arajansaRi spekulaciuri zewolis

Tive ampilituda aqvs, rac sxva stabilur va-

riskebis Semcirebas. mcuravi kursis pirobeb-

lutebs, rogoricaa aSS dolari da evro.

diagrama N 2.16 gacvliTi kursis meryeoba15 0.080

GEL/USD

0.070 EUR/USD

savaluto auqcionebis SemoReba

0.060 0.050 0.040 0.030 0.020

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

0.010

ivl-12

ian-12

ivl-11

ian-11

ian-10

ivl-10

ivl-09

ian-09

ivl-08

ian-08

ivl-07

ian-07

ian-06

ivl-06

ian-05

ivl-05

ivl-04

ian-04

ivl-03

ian-03

ivl-02

ian-02

ivl-01

ian-01

ivl-00

ian-00

0.000

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki 15. 3-dRis standartuli gadaxra.

2012 wlis manZilze ganxorcielebuli sava-

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi ararezidentebis de-

luto intervenciebiT, erovnuli banki, umetes

pozitebi 250 mln aSS dolarze metad gaizar-

SemTxvevaSi, bazarze ucxouri valutis myid-

da. wlis ganmavlobaSi ucxour valutaze

velis rolSi gamodioda. Sedegad, erovnuli

moTxovnas umTavresad importze moTxovna ga-

bankis wminda Sesyidvam wlis ganmavlobaSi 155

napirobebda. Warbi nakadebis gacvliT kursze

mln aSS dolari Seadgina. 2012 wels laris

gadaWarbebuli zegavlenis aRmofxvris mizniT

gacvliTi kursi ZiriTadad stabiluri iyo.

erovnuli banki periodulad ereoda savalu-

savaluto bazarze ucxouri valutis miwode-

to bazarze savaluto auqcionebis meSveobiT,

bas ramdenime faqtori ganapirobebda. upirve-

sadac erovnulma bankma jamurad 220 mln aSS

les yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia, wlis ganmavlobaSi

dolari SeiZina da 65 mln aSS dolari gayida.

turistuli Semosavlebis mniSvnelovani zrda,

aSS dolaris mimarT laris gacvliTi kur-

kerZod, ucxoeli vizitorebis raodenoba 55.3

sis saSualo sidide 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi

procentiT gaizarda. turistuli Semosavleb-

1.6513 lars gautolda. 2012 wels saSualo

is zrdis Sedegad savaluto bazarze ucxou-

wliuri gacvliTi kursi wina welTan SedarebiT

ri valutis miwodeba gansakuTrebiT mesame

2.06 procentiT gamyarda (1.6860-dan 1.6513-

kvartalSi gaxda TvalSisacemi. garda amisa,

mde), xolo wlis bolos monacemiT gacvliTi

gasuli wlis ganmavlobaSi bazarze ucxouri

kursi 0.81 procentiT gamyarda (1.6703-dan

valutis miwodebaze gavlenas axdenda iseTi

1.6567-mde). wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos

tradiciuli arxebi, rogoricaa ucxouri pir-

erovnuli banki yoveldRiurad aqveynebda la-

dapiri investiciebi da fuladi gzavnilebi.

ris oficialur gacvliT kursebs, romlebic

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ucxouri valu-

„blumbergis“ savaWro sistemaSi bankTaSori-

tis miwodebaze aseve mniSvnelovan gavlenas

si garigebebis saSualo Sewonil maCvenebels

axdens ararezidentebis depozitebis zrda.

warmoadgens.

1.85 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.55

dek-12

noe-12

oqt-12

seq-12

agv-12

ivl-12

ivn-12

mai-12

apr-12

mar-12

Teb-12

ian-12

dek-11

noe-11

oqt-11

seq-11

agv-11

ivl-11

ivn-11

mai-11

apr-11

mar-11

Teb-11

1.50 ian-11

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

diagrama N 2.17 laris oficialuri gacvliTi kursi aSS dolaris mimarT

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi gaufasureba dafiq-

realuri gacvliTi kursis nominalurze ufro

sirda rogorc laris nominaluri, aseve rea-

metad gaufasureba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom

luri efeqturi gacvliTi kursebis mixedviT.

wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos ZiriTad sa-

laris nominaluri efeqturi gacvliTi kur-

vaWro partnior qveynebSi ufro maRali inf-

si 0.9 procentiT, xolo realuri efeqturi

lacia fiqsirdeboda, vidre saqarTveloSi.

gacvliTi kursi 4.9 procentiT gaufasurda. 60

cxrili N 2.1 realuri efeqturi gacvliTi kursis wliuri cvlileba 2012 wels nominaluri kursis cvlileba, %

realuri kursis cvlileba, %

wvlili realur efeqtur gacvliT kursSi, %

efeqturi gacvliTi kursi

-0.9

-4.9

TurqeTi

-4.2

-11.0

-2.7

evrozona

0.7

-2.7

-0.5

ukraina

0.1

-1.1

-0.2

somxeTi

6.0

1.3

0.1

aSS

0.0

-3.0

-0.2

ruseTi

-2.2

-9.5

-0.7

azerbaijani

-0.2

-1.2

-0.2

danarCeni

-0.1

-5.2

-0.5

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 2.18 laris realuri da nominaluri efeqturi gacvliTi kursebis indeqsebi (dek. 2003=100) 150 140 130 120 110 100

realuri efeqturi gacvliTi kursi

nominaluri efeqturi gacvliTi kursi

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

saerTaSoriso rezervebis marTva

bis mTliani moculoba moicavs gare menejeri-

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis prioritets

saTvis (msoflio banki) samarTavad gadacemul

2012 wels aRar warmoadgenda saerTaSoriso

Tanxebsac) Seadgina. 2011 wlis analogiur

rezervebis dagroveba, aramed misi donis sa-

monacemTan SedarebiT (2.82 mlrd aSS do-

survel niSnulze SenarCuneba. Sedegad, 2012

lari), 2012 wels saerTaSoriso rezervebis

wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT saqarTvelos

moculoba gaizarda 54.7 mln aSS dolariT,

erovnuli bankis saerTaSoriso rezervebis

rac procentul gamosaxulebaSi 1.9 procents

moculobam 2.87 mlrd aSS dolari (rezerve-

Seadgens.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

dek-03 mar-04 ivn-04 seq-04 dek-04 mar-05 ivn-05 seq-05 dek-05 mar-06 ivn-06 seq-06 dek-06 mar-07 ivn-07 seq-07 dek-07 mar-08 ivn-08 seq-08 dek-08 mar-09 ivn-09 seq-09 dek-09 mar-10 ivn-10 seq-10 dek-10 mar-11 ivn-11 seq-11 dek-11 mar-12 ivn-12 seq-12 dek-12

diagrama N 2.19 oficialuri sarezervo aqtivebi (wlis bolo maCvenebeli) 3,500

2,818 2,873

3,000

mln aSS dolari

2,500

2,264 2,110

2,000

1,500

1,361

1,480

931

1,000

387

500 200

128

136

112

162

202

196

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

479

0 1997

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis saerTaSori-

grantebi. wlis ganmavlobaSi savaluto auq-

so rezervebis moculobis cvlilebaze 2012

cionebiT erovnuli bankis wminda Sesyidvebma

wlis ganmavlobaSi tradiciulad ramdenime

155 mln aSS dolari Seadgina. zrda aseve ga-

ZiriTadi faqtori moqmedebda: saqarTvelos

napiroba qveynis mier saerTaSoriso safinanso

erovnuli bankis savaluto auqcionebi, saqarT-

organizaciebidan da donori saxelmwifoe-

velos mTavrobis xarjebi da saerTaSoriso

bidan miRebulma sesxebma da grantebma, jamSi

organizaciebidan

300 mln aSS dolari.

kreditebi

cxrili N 2.2 saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso rezervebi 2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

saqonlisa da momsaxurebis importis TveebTan (Tve)

2.4

4.8

4.4

4.2

3.8

farTo fulTan M2 (%)

119

153

136

124

117

ucxouri valutiT ganTavsebul depozitebTan (%)

131

108

116

mTliani saerTaSoriso rezervebis Tanafardoba:

moklevadian sagareo valTan (%) mTliani saerTaSoriso rezervebi (mln aSS dolari)

143

223

157

115

103

1,480

2,110

2,264

2,818

2,873

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

saqarTvelos

saerTaSori-

aseve mniSvnelovani koeficientia mTliani

so rezervebis done sxvadasxva SefasebebiT

saerTaSoriso rezervebis fardoba Tvis im-

saTanadoa sagareo mdgradobis uzrunvel-

portTan. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis

yofisTvis. rogorc cxrili N 2.2 gviCvenebs,

SefasebebiT, saerTaSoriso rezervebis done

mTliani saerTaSoriso rezervebis fardoba

iTvleba mdgrad doned, Tuki misi Sefardeba

farTo fulTan, ucxouri valutiT ganTav-

Tvis importTan 3-ze metia. saqarTvelosTvis

sebul depozitebTan da moklevadian valTan

aRniSnuli maCvenebeli 2012 wlis bolosTvis

100 procentis maxloblobaSia, rac mianiSnebs

3.8-s Seadgenda.

saerTaSoriso

miRebuli

oficialuri

rezervebis

sakmaris

dones.

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi kidev ufro gaZli-

erda 2008 wels dawyebuli finansuri krizi-

saxelmwifo da supranacionaluri safinanso

si, rasac evrozonis qveynebSi fiskaluri

institutebis maRallikvidur fasian qaRal-

krizisis mZime Sedegebi daemata. msoflios

debSi da maRali sakredito reitingis mqone

wamyvani centraluri bankebi, gansakuTrebiT

saerTaSoriso sabanko dawesebulebebSi. 2012

ki amerikis federaluri sarezervo sistema

wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos erovnuli

da evropis centraluri banki, ganagrZobd-

bankis saerTaSoriso rezervebis marTvidan

nen ekonomikis stimulirebis politikas, rac

miRebulma Semosavlebma 29.1 mln lari Seadgi-

damatebiTi aqtivebis SeZeniT fuladi ma-

na, rac saerTaSoriso bazrebze arsebuli ara-

sis zrdaSi da saprocento ganakveTebis da-

saxarbielo pirobebis zegavleniT 2011 wels

bal niSnulze SenarCunebaSi gamoixateboda.

miRebul Semosavlebze 10.1 procentiT nakle-

saberZneTis savalo krizisma da sabiujeto

bia. imavdroulad, saqarTvelos erovnulma

problemebma evrozonis iseT qveynebSi, ro-

bankma Seamcira an saerTod Sewyvita Tanxebis

gorebicaa

italia

investireba iseT qveynebSi, romelTa kredi-

da irlandia arsebiTad Searyia investore-

tunarianoba fiskaluri krizisis fonze, Tun-

bis ndoba evroSi denominirebuli aqtivebis

dac mcirediT, kiTxvis niSnis qveS dadga.

portugalia,

mimarT. sareitingo kompaniebis mier moxda

2012 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli banki ga-

iseve rogorc suverenuli reitingebis, aseve

nagrZobda TanamSromlobas msoflio bankTan

bankebis grZelvadiani reitingebis Semcireba.

suverenuli investiciebis partniorobis prog-

sakredito riskebis zrdis fonze kidev ufro

ramis farglebSi, romlis wevric 2009 wels

rTuli gaxda saxsrebis usafrTxod ganTav-

gaxda.

seba, gaizarda moTxovna im fasian qaRalde-

sam weliwads Seadgens da igi iTvaliswinebs

bze, romlebic ufro dabalriskianad iqna miC-

saerTaSoriso rezervebis marTvis sferos

neuli da Sesabamisad kidev ufro Semcirda

Semdgomi

maTi Semosavlianoba. 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi

mxardaWeris aRmoCenas erovnul bankSi Sesa-

dafiqsirda SemTxvevebi, rodesac aseTi tipis

bamisi infrastruqturis Seqmnisa da codnis

fasian

bazrebze

dagrovebis kuTxiT. programa moicavs port-

gaaCndaT uaryofiTi Semosavlianobis maCve-

felisa da riskebis marTvis, angariSswore-

nebeli (mag. germaniis, holandiisa da fineTis

bis, buRaltruli aRricxvis, samarTlebrivi

obligaciebze). garda fasiani qaRaldebisa,

da sainformacio teqnologiebis sferoebSi

negatiuri SemosavlianobiT xasiaTdebodnen

msoflio bankis mier sakuTari gamocdilebis

evroSi denominirebuli sabanko depozitebic,

gaziarebas erovnuli bankisaTvis. programis

rac Tavis mxriv 2012 wlis ivlisSi evropis

farglebSi ganxorcielda aqtivebis strate-

centraluri bankis mxridan sadepozito ga-

giuli ganawilebis samuSaoebi, SeirCa globa-

nakveTis (ECB Deposit Facility) 0 procentamde

luri qasTodiani, ganisazRvra rezervebis

SemcirebiT aixsneba. aman Sesabamisad gamoiw-

marTvaSi axali midgomebisa da instrumenteb-

via komerciul bankebSi likviduri saxsre-

is etapobrivi gamoyenebis gegma da daiwyo misi

bis dagroveba da maTi mxridan evroSi depo-

praqtikuli ganxorcieleba. programis mimdi-

zitebis miRebaze survilis arqona. aRniSnul

nareobisas erovnuli bankis mier miRweuli

pirobebSi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis sain-

progresi msoflio bankma erT-erT saukeTeso

vesticio politika kvlavindeburad konserva-

magaliTad Seafasa. yovelive zemoaRniSnu-

tiuli da sakredito riskebis Semcirebaze

lis gaTvaliswinebiT saqarTvelos erovnulma

orientirebuli iyo. saqarTvelos erovnuli

bankma moaxdina aRniSnuli programis 1 wlis

bankis saerTaSoriso rezervebi ganTavsebuli

vadiT gaxangrZliveba.

qaRaldebs

saerTaSoriso

aRniSnuli

programis

ganviTarebis

xangrZlivoba

mizniT,

teqnikuri

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

espaneTi,

iyo aSS-s, avstraliis da evrozonis qveynebis

3. საბანკო სექტორი

3.1 კაპიტალის ადეკვატურობის საერთაშორისო სტანდარტებთან დაახლოვება

sazedamxedvelo

kapitalSi

yuradReba eqceoda instrumentis buRaltrul dasaxelebas, ganaxlebuli „bazel III-ze“ dafuZnebuli principi gulisxmobs instrumentebis

wlis

ganmavlobaSi

saqarTvelos

Sefasebas

konkretuli

saerTo kriteriumebis mixedviT. aseTebs

erovnulma bankma SeimuSava kapitalis

SeiZleba

adekvaturobis ganaxlebuli debuleba,

subordinaciasTan, dividendebis gadaxdis

romelic efuZneba sabanko zedamxedvelobis

valdebulebasTan, gamoTxovis pirobebTan,

bazelis komitetis „bazel II-isa“ da „bazel

saprocento ganakveTis matebasTan dakavS-

III-is“ dokumentebs. ganaxlebuli midgoma uf-

irebuli da sxva kriteriumebi;

miekuTvnebodes

vadianobasTan,

ro metad iqneba morgebuli komerciuli ban-

• riskis mixedviT Sewonili aqtivebis gaan-

kebis riskis profilze. Sesabamisad, meti

gariSebisaTvis SesaZlebeli xdeba aRiare-

sazedamxedvelo kapitali moeTxovebaT ufro

buli sareitingo kompaniebis mier miniWe-

maRali riskis matarebel aqtivobebSi CarTul

buli reitingebis gamoyeneba;

komerciul bankebs. kapitalis adekvaturobis

• sxvadasxva prudenciuli moTxovnebis dak-

ganaxlebuli CarCo Sedgeba Semdegi ZiriTadi

mayofilebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli xde-

komponentebisagan:

ba sacalo da uZravi qonebiT uzrunvelyo-

• „pilar

I-is“

romelic

standartizebuli

gulisxmobs

midgoma,

standartizebuli

fili sesxebis 75 procenti da 35 procenti riskis wonebiT Sewonva;

formuliT komerciuli bankebis mier mini-

• komerciul bankebs sazedamxedvelo kapi-

maluri sazedamxedvelo kapitalis gaan-

tali moeTxovebaT saoperacio riskisaTvis;

gariSebas;

• komerciul bankebs SeeZlebaT sakredito

• „pilar II-i“, romlis farglebSi komerciu-

riskis mitigaciis (mag. sesxis uzrunvelyo-

li banki sakuTari riskis profilis gaT-

fis) gaTvaliswineba riskis mixedviT Sewo-

valiswinebiT akeTebs misTvis materialuri

nili riskis poziciebis gaangariSebis miz-

riskebis identificirebas da iTvlis saWi-

nebisaTvis.

ro kapitalis odenobas. „Sida kapitalis

bazelis CarCoTi gaTvaliswinebuli moT-

adekvaturobis Sefasebis procesi“ fasdeba

xovnebisgan gansxvavebiT prudenciuli miz-

„sazedamxedvelo ganxilvisa da Sefasebis

nebisaTvis

procesis“ farglebSi;

kursis

ZalaSi

kvlav

cvlilebiT

rCeba

gamowveuli

gacvliTi sakredito

• „pilar III-i“, romelic aregulirebs komer-

riskisaTvis damatebiTi kapitalis moTxovna

ciuli bankebis mier riskebis Sesaxeb mniS-

„pilar I-is“ farglebSi. Tumca, ganaxlebuli

vnelovani raodenobrivi Tu xarisxobrivi

debulebiT ufro konkretulad ganisazRvra

informaciis gamWvirvalobis wesebs.

Tu romel aqtivebze vrceldeba aseTi riski

„bazel II/III-is“ „pilar I-is“ farglebSi ko-

da arsebul debulebasTan SedarebiT rigi

merciuli bankebis mier minimaluri saze-

sesxebi aseTi riskis mixedviT Sewonvas aRar

damxedvelo

rigi

daeqvemdebareba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu komerciu-

mimarTulebiT cvlis arsebul kapitalis ade-

li bankebis mier Sida kapitalis Sefasebis pro-

kvaturobis CarCos. SesaZlebelia aRiniSnos

cesi adekvaturad gaiTvaliswinebs mocemul

Semdegi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi:

da sxva riskebs, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis

• mniSvnelovnad icvleba kapitalis instru-

momavalSi „pilar I-is“ moTxovnebSi mocemuli

mentebis ganmarteba, romlebic ganxilu-

riskis kategoriis mimarT moTxovnebs mniSvne-

li unda iqnas sazedamxedvelo kapitalis

lovnad Seamsubuqebs.

kapitalis

gaangariSeba

nawilad. Tu arsebuli CarCos farglebSi

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

012

CarTvisaTvis

„pilar II-is“ moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, kome-

rciuli bankebi valdebuli iqnebian daiT-

bankebisagan gardamaval etapze moiTxovs ka-

valon

pitalis adekvaturobis, rogorc arsebul,

damatebiTi

kapitali

(„pilar

I-iT“

gaTvaliswinebulis zemoT), romelic saWiroa

aseve,

maTi bankisaTvis mniSvnelovani riskebis po-

isobas. sadReisod arsebuli gegmiT, 2013

tenciuri materializaciis SemTxvevaSi zara-

wels komerciulma bankebma unda daicvan ga-

lis dafarvisaTvis. aseT damatebiT riskebs

naxlebuli da arsebuli debulebis moTxovne-

SesaZlebelia miekuTvnebodes koncentraciis,

biT gansazRvruli kapitalis adekvaturobis

reputaciis, saprocento ganakveTisa da sxva

koeficientebi srulad, 2014 wels arsebulis

riskebi. aseTi riskebis daTvlisaTvis komer-

95 procenti, 2015 wels 90 procenti, xolo

ciuli bankebis mier gamoyenebuli meTodebi

2016 wels 80 procenti, Sesabamisad.

ganaxlebul

debulebasTan

Sesabam-

damakmayofilebeli unda iyos saqarTvelos erovnuli bankisaTvis. maT Sefasebas saqarTvelos erovnuli banki axorcielebs „bazel II/ III-iT“ gansazRvruli „sazedamxedvelo ganxil-

3.2 საბანკო სექტორის რისკები 3.2.1 მფლობელობის სტრუქტურა

visa da Sefasebis procesis“ farglebSi. es 012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT ukanaskneli ki Tavis mxriv iqneba saqarTve-

saqarTvelos

los erovnuli bankis riskebis Sefasebis saer-

sabanko

seqtorSi

fun-

qcionirebda 19 banki. ararezidenti me-

To sistemis nawili. seb-is mxridan monito-

sakuTreebis

monawileoba

bankebis

saaqcio

rings daeqvemdebareba komerciuli bankebis kapitalSi Seadgenda 89 procents. 2012 wels riskebis marTvisa da maTi gaangariSebis prosaqarTvelos sabanko seqtors daemata ss cesi, romelze dayrdnobiTac gaiangariSeba „TurqeTis iS bankis baTumis filiali”, xolo TiToeuli bankisaTvis saWiro individuluri bazari datova ss „eiC es bi si saqarTvelom.” kapitalis moTxovna. 2013 wels aseve gaica licenzia azerbaija„pilar III-is“ farglebSi komerciuli bankenuli „paSa bankis“ Svilobil bankze ss „paSa bi valdebuli iqnebian sajaro gaxadon saerსაქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

bank saqarTveloze.“ msxvili saerTaSoriso TaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebuli mniSTu regionuli investorebis arsebobis gaTvnelovani

raodenobrivi

xarisxobrivi valiswinebiT, sabanko seqtori kvlav sakmaod

informacia maTi riskebis Sesaxeb. Zlieri aqcionerebiTaa warmodgenili. sayuradReboa, rom saqarTveloSi kapitalis, rogorc odenoba, aseve xarisxi, axal CarCoze gadasvlisaTvis savsebiT sakmarisia.

3.2.2 საკრედიტო რისკი

aseve mniSvnelovania kontrcikluri buferis

2012

weli

sabanko

sistemisaTvis

dak-

praqtikuli gamoyenebis mxriv ukve arsebuli

reditebis kuTxiT zomierad aqtiuri iyo.

gamocdileba, rac bolo wlebSi savaluto

portfelis mniSvnelovani zrda dafiqsirda

riskis wonis cvlilebebSi gamoixata. amave mi-

zafxulis TveebSi. mTliani sesxebis jamurma

marTulebiT argumentia savaWrod flobili

maCvenebelma 2012 wlis bolosaTvis bevrad

fasiani qaRaldebis porTfelis sadReisod

gadaaWarba recesiis dawyebamde arsebul moc-

praqtikulad ar arseboba. amasTan, „pilar II-is“

ulobas da 8.7 miliardi lari Seadgina. 2012

srulyofili danergva sakmaod mniSvnelovan

wlis ganmavlobaSi sabanko sistemis sakredito

samuSaoebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli, rogorc

portfeli fiqsirebuli kursiT 2011 welTan

bankebis, aseve sabanko zedamxedvelobis mxriv.

SedarebiT 13.5 procentiT gaizarda. wminda

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki komerciuli

Camowerili sesxebis efeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT ki portfelis zrdam 15.8 procenti Seadgina.

diagrama N 3.1 mTliani sasesxo portfelis dinamika 10,000 9,000

mln lari

8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000

sesxebi (sabalanso)

dek-12

agv-12

apr-12

dek-11

agv-11

apr-11

dek-10

agv-10

apr-10

dek-09

agv-09

apr-09

dek-08

agv-08

apr-08

dek-07

agv-07

apr-07

dek-06

agv-06

apr-06

dek-05

sesxebi (sabalanso) 12.2005 wlis fiqsirebuli kursiT

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

sxebis nawilSi aisaxa. mkveTrad Semcirda sa-

portfelSi yvelaze didi wiliT warmodgenil-

investicio

ia korporatiuli portfeli, 41 procentiT.

naklebi iyo sabrunav kapitalze moTxovna, rac

sacalo portfeli 39 procents, xolo mcire

sezonuri faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT gansa-

da saSualo biznes portfeli 20 procents

kuTrebiT uCveulo da TvalSisacemi winasaax-

Seadgens. 2012 wlis manZilze, rogorc pro-

alwlo periodSi iyo. swored moTxovnis da

centulad, aseve Tanxobrivad, yvelaze didi

ara miwodebis Soks adasturebs sesxis misa-

zrda dafiqsirda sacalo sesxebis portfel-

Rebad Semotanili ganacxadebis Semcirebisa

Si, mas mosdevs mcire da saSualo biznesisa da

da amavdroulad maTi damtkicebis ganakveTis

korporatiuli sesxebis portfeli.

matebis tendencia. amave mimarTulebiT ar-

proeqtebis

dafinanseba.

aseve

2012 wlis pirvel naxevarSi sistemis sa-

gumentebia sesxebze saprocento ganakveT-

sesxo portfelis zrda Tanabari iyo, rogorc

ebis etapobrivi klebis trendis gagrZeleba,

korporatiul da mcire da saSualo, aseve

aqtiuri sasesxo sareklamo kampania da de-

sacalo sesxebis mxriv. 2012 wlis meore na-

pozitebze saprocento ganakveTebis garkveu-

xevridan moxda sakredito portfelis zrdis

li Semcireba, ukve valdebulebebis mxridan

Semcireba, rac sesxebze moTxovnis mniSvnelo-

momgebianobis optimizaciis mizniT.

vani klebiT iyo ganpirobebuli da biznes secxrili N 3.1 mTliani sakredito portfeli segmentebis mixedviT (bankTaSorisi sesxebis garda)

segmenti

dek-10

dek-11

dek-12 zrda 2010-11

zrda 2011-12

41%

19%

1,738

20%

10%

12%

38%

3,368

39%

38%

16%

100%

8,712

100%

23%

13%

mln lari

korporatiuli sesxebi

2,745

44%

3,273

42%

3,606

sesxebi mcire da saSualo biznesze

1,411

23%

1,547

20%

sacalo sesxebi

2,099

34%

2,896

6,256

100%

7,717

sul:

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

segmentebis WrilSi sistemis sakredito

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

aRsaniSnavia, rom kvlav grZeldeboda saprocento ganakveTebis Semcireba, rasac mni-

Svnelovnad uwyobda xels gamZafrebuli konkurencia. 67

diagrama N 3.2 sakredito portfelis Tvis ganmavlobaSi gacemul sesxebze arsebuli saSualo Sewonili saprocento ganakveTi segmentebis mixedviT (bankTaSorisi sesxebis garda)16 26% 24% 22% 20% 18% 16% 14% 12%

korporatiuli sesxebi

sesxebi mcire da saSualo biznesze

dek-12

oqt-12

agv-12

ivn-12

apr-12

Teb-12

dek-11

oqt-11

agv-11

ivn-11

apr-11

Teb-11

dek-10

oqt-10

agv-10

ivn-10

apr-10

Teb-10

10%

sacalo sesxebi

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

seqtorebis kuTxiT sabanko sistemis sakre-

zrdis koeficienti hqonda momentalur gan-

dito portfeli SeiZleba sakmaod diversi-

vadebas da sesxebs binis remontisTvis, Tum-

ficirebulad CaiTvalos. seqtorul WrilSi

ca portfelSi mcire wilis gaTvaliswine-

portfelis dinamikis mxriv gamosayofia saca-

biT, maTi gavlena umniSvneloa. mTlianobaSi

lo portfelis zrda, ZiriTadad samomxmare-

aRiniSneba procikluri seqtorebis xvedriTi

blo sesxebis dakreditebis xarjze, romel-

wilis Semcireba, rac TavisTavad pozitiurad

sac sacalo produqtebis portfelSi yvelaze

fasdeba.

didi wili uWiravs. wlis ganmavlobaSi maRali

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

cxrili N 3.2 sasesxo portfeli risk-seqtorebis mixedviT 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT

seqtori (milioni lari)

wili mTlian portfelSi

sesxis naSTi

sesxis rezervi

sesxis rezervi portfelTan

saxelmwifo organizaciebi

2.0%

safinanso institutebi

188

2.4%

lombarduli sesxebi

293

2.1%

uZravi qonebis developmenti

237

21.8%

uZravi qonebis menejmenti

397

5.2%

samSeneblo kompaniebi (ara developerebi)

259

15.4%

samSeneblo masalebis mopoveba, warmoeba da vaWroba

199

8.3%

samomxmareblo saqonlis vaWroba

508

5.3%

samomxmareblo saqonlis warmoeba

248

9.3%

127

4.8%

101

3.7%

389

5.7%

xangrZlivi moxmarebis samomxmareblo produqciis warmoeba da vaWroba fexsacmlis, tansacmlis da teqstilis warmoeba da vaWroba vaWroba (sxva) warmoeba (sxva)

116

8.2%

sastumroebi da turizmi

233

3.8%

restornebi, barebi, kafeebi da swrafi kvebis obieqtebi

103

6.8%

mZime mrewveloba

387

2.3%

16. warmodgenilia nominaluri saprocento ganakveTebi. igive tendenciiT xasiaTdeba efeqturi saprocento ganakveTebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania sacalo sakredito portfelisaTvis.

seqtori (milioni lari) benzingasamarTsadgurebsa da benzinis importiorebze gacemuli sesxebi

wili mTlian portfelSi

sesxis naSTi

sesxis rezervi

sesxis rezervi portfelTan

242

4.3%

energetika

162

5.2%

avtomobilebis dilerebi

120

13.3%

jandacva

228

5.0%

farmacevtika

7.0%

telekomunikacia

149

24.3%

servisi

435

11.2%

soflis meurneobis seqtori

302

5.0%

sxva (jarTis biznesis CarTviT)

145

2.9%

sacalo produqtebi

35%

3021

173

5.7%

avto-sesxebi

10.5%

samomxmareblo sesxebi

15%

1286

4.1%

momentaluri ganvadeba

112

6.2%

overdraftebi

7.4%

sakredito baraTebi

437

12.8%

sesxebi binis remontisaTvis

138

3.9%

ipoTekuri sesxebi

11%

924

4.5%

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 3.3 sacalo produqtebis ganawileba

4% 2%

sacalo sabanko momsaxureba

komerciuli sabanko momsaxureba

aqtivebis marTva

78%

safinanso instrumentebi vaWroba da gayidvebi

korporatiuli finansebi

sameurveo/saagento momsaxurebebi

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

cxrili N 3.3 sacalo produqtebis ganawileba (2011, 2012), cvlileba erTwlian periodSi lari

dek-11

dek-12

2,656,611,701

3,021,325,601

13.70%

84,574,460

63,276,562

-25.20%

samomxmareblo sesxebi

1,007,301,457

1,285,923,923

27.70%

momentaluri ganvadeba

81,413,868

111,812,814

37.30%

overdraftebi

62,189,244

61,482,740

-1.10%

sacalo produqtebi avto-sesxebi

cvlileba

sakredito baraTebi

428,788,091

436,886,822

1.90%

sesxebi binis remontisaTvis

110,835,828

137,955,431

24.50%

ipoTekuri sesxebi

881,508,752

923,987,308

4.80%

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

gadaxdebi da angariSsworeba

15%

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

umoqmedo sesxebis17 wili mTlian port-

TaSoriso Sedarebis miznebisaTvis miRebuli,

felSi, 2010 wlis bolosaTvis 12.5 procents

90 dReze meti vadagadacilebiT gansazRvru-

Seadgenda, 2011 wlis bolosTvis aRniSnuli

maCvenebeli 8.6 procentamde Semcirda, xolo

felSi kvlav Semcirda da 2012 wlis bolo-

2012 wlis bolosaTvis mcirediT gaizarda da

saTvis 3.7 procents gautolda, maSin, roca

9.3 procenti Seadgina. 2012 wels umoqmedo

analogiuri maCvenebeli, 2010 wlis dekembris

sesxebis mcire zrda ZiriTadad ramdenime id-

mdgomareobiT 5.5 procents, 2011 wlis bolos

iosinkratiulma faqtorma ganapiroba. saer-

ki 4.5 procents Seadgenda.

umoqmedo sesxebis wili mTlian port-

cxrili N 3.4 sasesxo portfelis kategoriebi da formirebuli rezervebi 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT. kategoria

Tanxa (mln lari)

wili

rezervi

7,441

85%

standartuli sayuradRebo

482

10%

arastandartuli

391

30%

saeWvo

235

51%

uimedo

184

87%

sul:

8,733

100%

7.0%

negatiuri sesxebi

1,292

15%

35%

umoqmedo sesxebi

810

49%

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

dek-12

ivn-12

seq-12

mar-12

dek-11

ivn-11

seq-11

mar-11

dek-10

ivn-10

seq-10

mar-10

dek-09

ivn-09

seq-09

mar-09

dek-08

ivn-08

seq-08

mar-08

dek-07

ivn-07

seq-07

mar-07

dek-06

ivn-06

seq-06

mar-06

20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% dek-05

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

diagrama N 3.4 sesxebis SesaZlo danakargebis rezervis mTlian portfelTan Tanafardoba

rezervi/sesxebi (sabalanso) rezervi/sesxebi (sabalanso) 2005 wlidan wminda Camowerili sesxebis aRdgenis efeqtiT

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

17. „umoqmedo sesxebad“ ganisazRvreba aqtivebis klasifikaciis moqmedi regulaciis mixedviT klasifikaciis bolo sami kategoria: arastandartuli, saeWvo da uimedo.

dek-12

agv-12

apr-12

dek-11

agv-11

apr-11

dek-10

agv-10

apr-10

dek-09

agv-09

apr-09

dek-08

agv-08

apr-08

dek-07

agv-07

apr-07

dek-06

agv-06

apr-06

10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 dek-05

mln. lari

diagrama N 3.5 mTliani sasesxo portfelis dinamika wminda Camowerili sesxebis aRdgenis efeqtiT

sesxebi (sabalanso) wminda Camowerili sesxebis aRdgenis efeqtiT sesxebi (sabalanso) wminda Camowerili sesxebis aRdgenis efeqtiT 12/2005 wlis fiqsirebuli kursiT

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 3.6 sesxebis Camowera da amoReba 120

mln. lari

100 80 60 40 20

sesxebis Camowera Camowerili sesxebis amoReba wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

wlis ganmavlobaSi kreditebis nawili re-

mTliani sakredito portfelis 16.9 pro-

klasificirebuli iqna ufro negatiur kate-

centi, xolo negatiuri aqtivebis18 mTliani

goriaSi, rigi sesxebi ki Camoiwera, Tumca

aqtivebTan Tanafardobam 11.7 procenti Sead-

paralelurad mTliani sakredito portfeli

gina. Tu negatiur portfelSi 2007 wlidan

da komerciuli bankebis aqtivebi gaizarda,

wminda Camoweril sesxebsac gaviTvaliswinebT,

ris gamoc sistemis sijansaRis procentuli

aRniSnuli maCveneblebi Sesabamisad 24.1 da

indikatorebi didad ar Secvlila. wlis bo-

17.6 procents Seadgens.

losTvis negatiuri portfelis

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

IV-2012

III-2012

I-2012

II-2012

IV-2011

III-2011

I-2011

II-2011

IV-2010

III-2010

I-2010

II-2010

IV-2009

III-2009

I-2009

II-2009

IV-2008

II-2008

III-2008

I-2008

IV-2007

II-2007

III-2007

I-2007

IV-2006

II-2006

III-2006

I-2006

moculobam

18. am SemTxvevaSi negatiuri portfeli moicavs sayuradRebo da umoqmedo kategoriis sesxebsa da dasakuTrebul qonebebs, xolo negatiuri aqtivebi aerTianebs negatiuri portfelsa da negatiur investiciebs.

diagrama N 3.7 problemuri aqtivebi 3.0

37%

36%

32%

2.5

30% 30%

29% 30%

27% 26%

2.0 mln. lari

39% 38% 39%

40% 34% 28%

27%

0.5 0.0

23% 21%

1.0

30%

26%

25%

24% 1.5

35%

31% 30%

22% 21%

24% 23% 23%

25%

18% 18% 17% 17% 18%

20%

24% 24% 20%

18%

8% 9%

15% 10%

IV - I - II - III - IV - I - II - III - IV - I - II - III - IV - I - II - III - IV - I - II - III - IV 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 dasakuTrebuli qoneba (marcxena RerZi) wminda Camowerili sesxebi (marcxena RerZi) negatiuri investiciebi (marcxena RerZi) umoqmedo sesxebi (marcxena RerZi)

sayuradRebo sesxebi (marcxena RerZi) negatiuri portfeli / mTliani sakredito portfeli (marjvena RerZi) negatiuri aqtivebi / mTliani aqtivebi (marjvena RerZi) wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

recesiis Semdgom gazrdili dasakuTre-

dan 2012 wlis dekembrisTvis 2.5 procentamde

buli qonebis moculobebi 2012 wlis bolo-

daiklo. aqtivebis da rezervebis moqmedi re-

saTvis mcirediT Semcirda da sistemis doneze

gulaciis konservatiuli moTxovnebidan ga-

220 milioni lari Seadgina. sakredito port-

momdinare, dasakuTrebul qonebaze sabanko

felis zrdis paralelurad ki dasakuTrebuli

sistemis doneze formirebulia saSualod 49.1

qonebebis wilma sakredito portfelTan mima-

procentis odenobis rezervi.

rTebaSi 2010 wlisTvis pikuri 3.7 procenti-

250

4% 4%

200 mln. lari

3% 3%

150

2% 100

2% 1%

dek-12

agv-12

apr-12

dek-11

agv-11

apr-11

dek-10

agv-10

apr-10

dek-09

agv-09

apr-09

dek-08

agv-08

apr-08

1% 0

dek-07

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

diagrama N 3.8 dasakuTrebuli qoneba

dasakuTrebuli qoneba (marcxniv) rezervi dasakuTrebul qonebaze (marcxniv) dasakuTrebuli qoneba/mTliani sesxebi + dasakuTrebuli qoneba (marjvniv) wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

sazedamxedvelo procesSi sul ufro mzar-

li identificireba. msesxebelTa finansuri

di yuradReba eTmoboda sakredito koefi-

maCveneblebis analizs gansakuTrebuli roli

cientebis monitorings, rogorc biznes, aseve

eniWeba

sacalo segmentSi. es midgoma saSualebas iZ-

zrdis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis pirobeb-

leva sazedamxedvelo CarCo gaxdes ufro

Si, sabanko sistemis mier ar moxdes momatebu-

momavalze orientirebuli, radganac xdeba

li riskebis aReba, risi Sedegebic mxolod

sakredito standartebis Semsubuqebis drou-

stresul viTarebaSi iqneba TvalsaCino.

konkurenciis

gamZafrebisas,

raTa

3.2.3 ლიკვიდობის რისკი likviduri aqtivebis struqtura likviduri aqtivebis done, unda iTqvas,

23 procentia da faravs arasabanko depozite-

rom istoriulis msgavsad, dResac Zalzed ma-

bis 44 procents.

Ralia. likviduri aqtivebi mTliani aqtivebis diagrama N 3.9 likviduri aqtivebis done 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

dek-12

noe-12

oqt-12

seq-12

agv-12

ivl-12

ivn-12

mai-12

apr-12

mar-12

ian-12

Teb-12

likviduri aqtivebi/mTliani aqtivebi likviduri aqtivebi/arasabanko depozitebi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2011 wlidan likvidobis koeficients ero-

xebi likvidurad eTvleba mxolod erT-erT

vnuli banki axali meTodologiiT iTvlis,

banks (an ganmTavsebels an mimRebs, gamomdi-

ris mixedviTac likvidur aqtivebSi ar gaiT-

nare instrumentis vadianobidan da vadamde

valiswineba bankebs Soris urTierTgacvlili

adre gamoTxovis SesaZleblobidan).

diagrama N 3.10 likvidobis koeficientebi valutebis mixedviT 2012 wels 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25%

lari

ucx. valuta

dek-12

noe-12

oqt-12

seq-12

agv-12

ivl-12

ivn-12

mai-12

apr-12

mar-12

Teb-12

ian-12

20%

sul

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

Tanxebi. aseve calmxrivad ganTavsebuli Tan-

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

likvidobis koeficienti metia laris val-

flobis survilTan erTad, ZiriTadad ganpi-

debulebebze vidre dolaris valdebulebebze,

robebulia laris valdebulebebis moklevadi-

rac momgebianobis gamo likvidobis lariT

anobiT, es ki erT Tvemde gep-Si aisaxeba kidec.

diagrama N 3.11 likvidobis gepi: 1 Tvemde aqtivebis Tanafardoba 1 Tvemde valdebulebebTan 115% 110% 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75%

ucx. valuta

lari

dek-12

noe-12

oqt-12

seq-12

agv-12

ivl-12

ivn-12

mai-12

apr-12

mar-12

Teb-12

ian-12

dek-11

noe-11

oqt-11

seq-11

agv-11

ivl-11

ivn-11

mai-11

apr-11

mar-11

Teb-11

ian-11

70%

sul

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 3.12 likviduri aqtivebis moculoba da struqtura 2010-12 wlebSi mln lari 100%

5,000

90% 4,500

80% 70%

4,000

60% 50%

nostro angariSebi komerciul bankebSi (marcxena RerZi) fuladi saxsrebi saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi (marcxena RerZi)

3,000

30% 20%

2,500

10% 0%

naRdi fuli (marcxena RerZi) likviduri aqtivebi (marjvena RerZi)

dek-12

ivl-12

Teb-12

seq-11

apr-11

noe-10

ivn-10

2,000 ian-10

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

depozitebi komerciul bankebSi (marcxena RerZi)

3,500

40%

likviduri fasiani qaRaldebi (marcxena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

valdebulebebis struqtura

wilma, rac likvidobis riskis kuTxiT dadeb-

valdebulebebis struqturaSi mniSvnelo-

iT faqtorad fasdeba.

van cvlilebebs 2012 wels adgili ar hqonia.

bankebma balansebi Seamcires subordinire-

valdebulebebis 64 procenti kvlav depoz-

buli valis im nawiliT, rac zedmet xarjeb-

itebze modis, Tumca Seicvala depozitebis

Tan iyo dakavSirebuli da Caanacvles Sedare-

struqtura, sadac imata vadiani depozitebis

biT iafiani nasesxebi saxsrebiT.

diagrama N 3.13 valdebulebebis struqtura

2011

2012

mimdinare da moTxovnamde depozitebi, 37%

mimdinare da moTxovnamde depozitebi, 33%

vadiani depozitebi, 27%

vadiani depozitebi, 31%

sxva valdebulebebi, 11%

sxva valdebulebebi, 8%

nasesxebi saxsrebi, 17%

nasesxebi saxsrebi, 22%

subordinirebuli valdebulebebi, 8%

subordinirebuli valdebulebebi, 6%

sacalo dafinanseba

Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom zrdis didi nawili

depozitebis zrdam 2012 wels 905 milioni

modioda or msxvil saxelmwifos mier flo-

lari (13.4 procenti) Seadgina da dekembris

bil sawarmoze. maT gareSe depozitebis zrda

mdgomareobT 7.65 miliard lars miaRwia.

565 milioni lari (8.6 procenti) iyo.

diagrama N 3.14 klientebis depozitebi 5,000 4,500 4,000

3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 ian-13

noe-12

seq-12

ivl-12

mai-12

mar-12

ian-12

noe-11

seq-11

ivl-11

mai-11

mar-11

ian-11

noe-10

seq-10

ivl-10

mai-10

mar-10

0 ian-10

mln lari

3,500

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

fizikuri pirebi iuridiuli pirebi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 3.15 ararezidentebis depozitebis wili 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2%

ian-13

noe-12

seq-12

ivl-12

mai-12

mar-12

ian-12

noe-11

seq-11

ivl-11

mai-11

mar-11

ian-11

noe-10

seq-10

ivl-10

mai-10

mar-10

ian-10

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

kvlav zrdas ganagrZobs ararezidenti de-

erovnuli banki gegmavs am mxriv garkveuli

pozitebis wili mTlian depozitebSi. es ma-

limitis SemoRebas. aRniSnuli xels Seuwyobs

Cvenebeli 2012 wlis bolosaTvis 15 procents

likvidobis ufro efeqtian marTvas, radganac

gautolda. zogadad saqarTvelos erovnuli

bunebrivia, sadReisod arsebuli likvido-

banki miesalmeba dafinansebis wyaroebis di-

bis maRali done momgebianobaze uaryofiTad

versificirebas, rasac ararezidentebis de-

moqmedebs. dasaxelebuli limitis SemoRebi-

pozitebis

uwyobs

sas, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, mniSvnelovani

xels. sayuradReboa, rom ararezidentebis

yuradeba daeTmoba depozitebis vadaze adre

depozitebis naxevarze mniSvnelovnad meti

gamouTxovadobis sakiTxs. sadReisod arsebu-

saqarTveloSi

ararezidentebsa

li jarima vadaze adre gamoTxovis SemTxvevaSi

da qveyanasTan biznes Tu sxva urTierTobiT

riskis mitigaciis mainc arasakmaris faqtorad

dakavSirebul ararezidentebze modis, rac

aris miCneuli. msgavsi produqtis Seqmna/gan-

riskianobis kuTxiT dadebiTad unda Sefasdes.

viTarebas, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier

amave mimarTulebiT argumentia vadiani de-

danergili sadepozito sertifikati arsebi-

pozitebis xvedriTi wili da diversificireba

Tad uwyobs xels. sayuradReboa, rom bolo

warmoSobis qveynebis mixedviT. miuxedavad

periodSi, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankisa da

amisa, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom msgavsi dafi-

sabanko seqtoris erToblivi muSaobis Sede-

nansebis wyaro mainc araZiriTadad iTvleba,

gad, ukve SeiniSneba vadaze adre gamouTxova-

diversificireba ar unda gadaizardos da-

di depozitebis portfelis formirebis gar-

mokidebulebaSi da Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos

kveuli tendencia.

arseboba

mniSvnelovnad

mcxovreb

diagrama N 3.16 ararezidentebis depozitebis struqtura (2012 wlis dekemberi) 1,400

mln lari

1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200

sxva qveynebi, 53%

produqti

israeli (IL), 15%

depozitari

ruseTi (RU), 11%

fizikuri, 815

vadiani, 838

aSS (US), 7%

iuridiuli, 350

moTxovnamde, 158

didi britaneTi (GB), 7%

mimdinare, 168

germania (DE), 7% wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

sabiTumo dafinanseba

Tan Tanafardobis koeficienti kvlav misaReb

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi sesxebis depoziteb-

dones inarCunebda.

diagrama N 3.17 mTliani sesxebis Sefardeba arasabanko depozitebTan 1.95 1.85 1.75

1.55 1.45 1.35 1.25 1.15

oqt-12

ivl-12

apr-12

ian-12

oqt-11

ivl-11

apr-11

ian-11

oqt-10

ivl-10

apr-10

ian-10

oqt-09

ivl-09

apr-09

ian-09

1.05

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

amasTan, aqtiurad mimdinareobda nasesxebi saxsrebis riskianobis Sefaseba, rogorc kreditorebis WrilSi, aseve dafarvis vadebisa da vadaze adre gamoTxovis riskis Sefasebis kuTxiT. nasesxebi saxsrebis (savalo fasiani qaRaldebis CaTvliT) 58 procenti saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebze modis, 10 procenti mSobel bankebze da 32 procenti sxva kerZo institutebze. maTi ganawileba dafarvis vadebis mixedviT, gansakuTrebiT

kreditorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, dabal riskad fasdeba. amave midgomis gamoyenebiT, SedarebiT dabal riskad fasdeba xelSekrulebebSi

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

1.65

arsebuli kovenantebis simZime. saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier 2011 wels amoqmedebuli minimaluri savaldebulo rezervebis diferencirebuli normebi nasesxebi saxsrebis vadianobis WrilSi, nasesxebi saxsrebis dagrZelvadianebas mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

cxrili N 3.5 sabiTumo dafinansebis wyaroebi da misi dafarvis grafiki 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT

Tve

1–3

3–6

6–12

12–24

24–36

36–60

> 60

jami

5.2%

10.0%

2.5%

7.4%

16.6%

11.5%

30.6%

16.1%

saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebi

2.3%

4.3%

2.0%

6.7%

9.2%

8.3%

12.8%

13.5%

dakavSirebuli kompania

0.9%

0.8%

0.2%

0.3%

4.3%

2.6%

0.1%

2.7%

sxva kerZo kompania

2.0%

4.9%

0.3%

0.4%

3.1%

0.6%

17.7%

0.0%

likvidobis gadafarvis koeficienti – LCR

3.2.4 საბაზრო რისკი

globalurma

savaluto riski

finansurma

krizisma

aCve-

na moqmedi standartebis da indikatorebis

saqarTvelos sabanko sistemis mgrZnobi-

araefeqturoba. am periodamde miCneuli iyo,

aroba savaluto riskis mimarT maRalia, ram-

rom finansur bazrebze, rogorc mokleva-

denadac finansuri bazris valdebulebebis

diani ise grZelvadiani dafinanseba proble-

struqturis gaTvaliswinebiT, sesxebis lari-

mas ar warmoadgenda da yovelTvis iyo Sesa-

zacia jerac dabalia.

Zlebeli saWiro likvidobis uzrunvelyofa

laris gaufasurebis SemTxvevaSi izrde-

umokles droSi, mcire danaxarjebiT. Tumca

ba leveriji, xolo kapitalis adekvaturo-

finansuri krizisis Semdeg naTeli gaxda, rom

bis maCvenebeli uaresdeba, radgan kapitali

likvidobis marTvis arsebuli sistema ver uz-

erovnuli valutiT aris denominirebuli, xo-

runvelyofda sabanko sistemis dacvas likvi-

lo riskis mixedviT Sewonili aqtivebis didi

dobis Sokisgan da bazelis komitetis inicia-

nawili ki ucxouri valutiT. am problemis

tiviT Seiqmna axali maCveneblebi, romlebic

gadawyveta struqturuli poziciis SeqmniT

astimulirebdnen bankebis mxridan stabiluri

SeiZleba (rac ucxouri valutis aqtivebi-

dafinansebis wyaroebis gamoyenebas da uzrun-

sTvis, kapitalis ucxouri valutiT Senaxvas

velyofdnen likvidobis efeqtian marTvas.

gulisxmobs). garda amisa, laris gacvliTi

„bazel III-is“ mier rekomendirebuli likvi-

kursis cvlilebis dros xdeba ucxouri va-

dobis marTvis CarCo – likvidobis gadafarvis

lutis aqtivebis mimarT Seqmnili SesaZlo

koeficienti (Liquidity Coverage Ratio – LCR) – am-

danakargebis rezervebis gadafaseba, vinaidan

Jamad saqarTveloSi danergvis procesSia. is

es rezervebi lariT aris denominirebuli.

iTvaliswinebs bankis likvidobasTan dakav-

aqedan gamomdinare, aqtivebisa da maT mimarT

Sirebul iseT faqtorebs, rogoricaa val-

Seqmnili rezervebis erTi valutiT denomi-

debulebebis vadianoba, koncentracia (maT

nireba gamoricxavs rezervebis gadafasebidan

Soris ararezidentebis WrilSi) likviduri

zarals. amasTan, aseTi midgoma gamoiwvevs

aqtivebis

likvidurad

dolarizaciis Semdgom zrdas da Sesabamisad,

gardaqmnis SesaZlebloba, depozitebis vadaze

gaufasurebiT gamowveuli sakredito riskis

adre darRvevis SesaZlebloba da a.S. miuxeda-

matebas. aqtivebis SesaZlo danakargebis re-

vad imisa, rom „bazel III-is“ likvidobis gada-

zervebis

farvis koeficienti sakmaod konservatul

formireba, aseve iwvevs damatebiT moTxov-

midgomad iTvleba, qarTuli bankebisaTvis

nas ucxour valutaze stresuli viTarebis

misi moTxovnebis dakmayofileba ar warmoad-

periodSi, radgan momatebuli riskebis gamo

gens did sirTules, radgan arsebuli kanon-

izrdeba rezervebi, rac savaluto pozici-

mdeblobiT isini akmayofileben likvidobis

is damoklebas ganapirobebs da Sesabamisad,

koeficients, rac mTlianobaSi, „LCR-ze“ bev-

bankebis mxridan savaluto poziciis gaswore-

rad ufro konservatulia.

bas moiTxovs.

xarisxi,

aqtivebis

Sesabamisi

valutiT

adekvaturi

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos

erovnuli

banki

agrZelebs

muSaobas

arsebuli meTodologiis srulyofis mimar-

TulebiT. Tu arsebuli meTodologiiT daangariSebul Ria savaluto pozicias ganvixilavT, is sakmaod dabalansebulia.

diagrama N 3.18 sabalanso da krebsiTi savaluto poziciebi sazedamxedvelo kapitalTan 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1%

dek-12

noe-12

oqt-12

seq-12

agv-12

ivl-12

ivn-12

mai-12

apr-12

mar-12

Teb-12

-1%

ian-12

dek-11

-2% -3%

krebsiTi savaluto pozicia

sabalanso savaluto pozicia

savaluto riskis Sefasebisas saqarTvelos

sazedamxedvelo kapitalis adekvaturobis ko-

erovnuli banki aqtiurad iyenebs strestes-

eficienti 17 procentidan 16.7 procentamde

tebs. strestestebis CarCos Semdgomi daxvewi-

Semcirdeba.

saTvis, saqarTvelos erovnuli banki aviTarebs

meTodologias

amasTan sayuradReboa, rom saprocento

sadac

Sedegebi

ukve

riskis ufro zust Sefasebas rigi faqtorebi

iqneba

xelmisawvdomi

arTulebs. sakuTriv, konkurenciis xelSewyo-

(SerCvis gamoyenebiT SedarebiT mcire zomis

bisaTvis saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier

sesxebis SemTxvevaSi). bunebrivia aRniSnuli

SemoRebuli sesxis winmswrebad dafarvis sa-

midgoma ufro zusti iqneba, gaiTvaliswinebs

komisios 2 procenitani limiti, adgilobriv

ra sakredito riskis amsaxvel koeficientebs.

da ucxour bazrebze moziduli erTsa da imave

strestestebis Sedegebis intensiuri gamoyen-

ucxouri valutiT moziduli saxsrebis gansx-

eba moxdeba bazel II-III-is CarCos farglebSi.

vaveba, xelSekrulebebSi arsebuli Canawerebi,

msesxeblebis

doneze

saprocento riski

rodesac bazarze saprocento ganakveTebis

amJamad, qarTul bankebs savaWrod flobi-

mniSvnelovani cvlilebis SemTxvevaSi bankebs

li fasiani qaRaldebi praqtikulad ar gaaC-

aqvT ufleba gadaxedon xelSekrulebis mixed-

niaT, amitom sazedamxedvelo miznebisaTvis

viT dafiqsirebul saprocento ganakveTebs.

bankebis portfelze sabanko wignisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli midgomebi gamoiyeneba.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki agrZelebs muSaobas Sesabamisi CarCos daxvewis mizniT

sxva Tanabar pirobebSi, Tu procentebis

riskis materialobidan gamomdinare, romelic

300 sabaziso punqtiT zrdis stress davuS-

am etapze xelT arsebuli informaciiT mainc

vebT, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi miRebuli zara-

marTvadia.

li mxolod 48 milioni lari iqneba, xolo 79

diagrama N 3.19 saprocento xasiaTis aqtivebiT valdebulebebis gadafarva 350% 300% 250% 200% 150%

2012

100%

2011

50% 0%

erT Tvemde

1-3 Tvemde

3-6 Tvemde

6-12 Tvemde

1 welze meti vadiT

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

3.2.5 საოპერაციო რისკი

siaTdeba kompleqsurobiT, rac imas gulisx-

2012 wels saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma

mobs, rom sabanko momsaxureba/produqtebTan

gaagrZela 2011 wels dasaxuli saoperacio

dakavSirebuli saoperacio riski ar unda iyos

riskebis sazedamxedvelo miznebis ganxor-

maRali. magaliTisTvis, savaWrod gankuTvni-

cieleba, rac gulisxmobs saoperacio riske-

li fasiani qaRaldebis portfeli tradiciu-

bis marTvis CarCos daxvewas da praqtikaSi

lad maRali saoperacio riskis matarebelia,

gamoyenebas.

xolo saqarTveloSi zemoaRniSnuli mimarTu-

etapze

miuxedavad imisa rom mimdinare arsebobs

saoperacio

riskebis

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

mimarT sazedamxedvelo kapitalis moTxovne-

leba komerciul bankebSi praqtikulad ganviTarebuli ar aris.

bi, arsebuli kapitalis adekvaturobis koe-

saoperacio riskebis angariSgeba

ficientebi

imisaTvis,

saoperacio riskebis angariSgeba saqarT-

rom moxdes arsebuli saoperacio riskebis

velos sabanko sistemis masStabiT dainerga

saTanado Semcireba. amasTan, 2013 wlisTvis

2011 wlis me-4 kvartalSi. 2012 wlis manZilze

gaTvaliswinebulia pirvelad saoperacio ris-

pirvelad

kebis kapitalis moTxovnebis amoqmedeba ko-

Sesaxeb erTi wlis sruli monacemebi. aRsaniS-

merciuli bankebisTvis bazel II-is sabanko

navia rom saoperacio riskebis angariSgeba

standartebis danergvis Sesabamisad.

efuZneba bazel II-is sabanko standartebs da

sakmarisad

maRalia

Segrovda

saoperacio

riskebis

amasTan, saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma Sei-

moicavs mxolod finansuri da ara potenci-

muSava bazel II-is standartebze dafuZnebuli

uri danakargebis aRricxvas. arsebul etapze,

axali saoperacio riskebis marTvis debulebis

ramdenime komerciuli banki, uSualo finan-

proeqti. zemoaRniSnuli debulebis samuSao

sur danakargebTan erTad aseve aRricxavs im

versia ukve daegzavnaT komerciul bankebs da

zaralsac, rac miuRebeli SemosavliT aris

savaraudod axali debuleba 2013 wels unda

ganpirobebuli.

damtkicdes.

2012 wels dafiqsirebuli jamuri wliuri

mniSvnelovania, rom saqarTveloSi sabanko

mTliani danakargebis19 Sefardeba bazel II-is

seqtoris mier gaweuli momsaxureba da klien-

mixedviT daTvlil mTlian SemosavalTan20 0.5

tebisTvis SeTavazebuli produqtebi ar xa-

procents Seadgenda, Tanxobrivad – 5.9 milioni

19. igulisxmeba saoperacio movlenis mTliani danakargi, Tanxis yovelgvar dazRveva/anazRaurebamde. 20. mTlian SemosavalSi igulisxmeba wminda saprocento da wminda arasaprocento Semosavlebis jami daTvlili bazel II-is moTxovnebis Sesabamisad saoperacio xarjebis gamoklebis gareSe.

lari. Tumca, arsebuli monacemebiT, wminda

saoperacio danakargis 6644 movlena. saSualo

danakargi, rac danakargTan dakavSirebuli

danakargis moculoba 891.42 lariT ganisa-

Tanxis dazRveva/dabrunebis Semdeg miRebul

zRvra. diagrama N 3.20-ze moyvanilia 2012

danakargs gulisxmobs, mTliani danakargis da-

wlis saoperacio riskebis mTliani danakarge-

axloebiT 1/4-s unda Seadgendes. dafiqsirda

bis dinamika.

diagrama N 3.20 2012 wlis saoperacio danakargebis dinamika

mTliani danakargi (lari)

1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000

dek-12

noe-12

oqt-12

seq-12

agv-12

ivl-12

ivn-12

mai-12

apr-12

mar-12

Teb-12

ian-12

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 3.21 saSualo saoperacio danakargebis dinamika - 2012 weli21 4000 3500

2500 2000 1500 1000 500

dek

noe

oqt

seq

agv

ivl

ivn

mai

apr

mar

Teb

ian

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

saoperacio danakargebi ZiriTadad fiq-

urebis biznes xazi, uSualod sacalo sabanko

sirdeba sacalo sabanko momsaxurebis da aseve

momsaxurebasTan erTad, aseve moicavs saga-

garkveulwilad, komerciul sabanko momsax-

daxdo baraTebTan dakavSirebul saoperacio

urebis biznes xazSi. sacalo sabanko momsax-

danakargebsac.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

saSualo danakargi (lari)

3000

21. mTliani danakargi Sefardebuli movlenaTa raodenobaze

diagrama N 3.22 2012 wlis mTliani danakargebis Tanxobrivi gadanawileba biznes xazebis mixedviT

4% 2%

sacalo sabanko momsaxureba

komerciuli sabanko momsaxureba gadaxdebi da angariSsworeba

15%

aqtivebis marTva

safinanso instrumentebi vaWroba da gayidvebi

78%

korporatiuli finansebi

sameurveo/saagento momsaxurebebi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

Tanxobrivad, Tu saoperacio riskebis da-

daudevroba/uyuradRebobas

nakargebis movlenaTa kategoriebis mixedviT

da savaldebulo angariSgebis valdebulebis

vimsjelebT, danakargebis yvelaze didi ode-

Seusruleblobisagan gamowveul danakargebs

noba gare TaRliTobaze modis (mTlian mov-

ukavSirdeba.

lenaTa 35.85 procenti). danakargebis meore

biznesis uwyvetobis marTva

yvelaze msxvili kategoria Sida TaRliTobas

saqarTvelos

erovnuli

banki

aqtiurad

warmoadgens (24.13 procenti), xolo sididiT

TanamSromlobs komerciul bankebTan biznes

mesame „procesebis menejmenti, tranzaqcieb-

uwyvetobis marTvis principebis danergvaSi,

rac Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs biznes uwyveto-

procesingi

momsaxurebis

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

TanamSromlebis

kontragentebi/savaWro

partniorebi“-is

kategoriaSi

bis gegmis SemuSavebas da Sesabamisi testire-

xvdeba (saerTo danakargebis 18.05 procenti).

bebis Catarebas. bunebrivia, biznes uwyvetoba

am bolo kategoriaSi Sedis iseTi movlenebi,

im riskTa kategorias ganekuTvneba, risi Sem-

romlebic umeteswilad adamianebis, kerZod,

cirebac maRali kapitaliT SeuZlebelia.

diagrama N 3.23 saoperacio danakargebi movlenaTa kategoriebis mixedviT.

3.69% 4.05% gare TaRliToba Sida TaRliToba

12.85% 35.85% 2%

procesebis menejmenti

saqmianobis/operaciebis Seferxeba da sistemebis gaumarTaoba/gaTiSva 18.05% fizikuri aqtivebisTvis miyenebuli ziani 24.13% klientebi, produqtebi/biznes saqmianoba

prof. saqmianobasTan, samuSao garemosTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

ganxorcieldes mocemul seqtorebze damok-

auTsorsingi auTsorsingis

zedamxedveloba

kvlavac

prioritetulad rCeba saqarTvelos erovnuli

idebulebidan gamomdinare riskebis saTanado marTva.

bankisTvis – procesi, romelic araerT SeRa-

sizustis riski

vaTTan erTad, dakavSirebulia mniSvnelovan

2012 wels, saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma

riskebTanac. Sesabamisad, imisaTvis rom mox-

gaagrZela komerciuli bankebis monacemTa da-

des ofSorul/auTsorsingul sqemebTan da-

muSaveba/analizis sistemebis Semowmeba. siax-

kavSirebuli riskebis zomier da dasaSveb

lis mxriv sayuradReboa, rom saqarTvelos

farglebSi moqceva, grZeldeba saqarTvelos

erovnulma bankma ganaxorciela axali LCR an-

sabanko sistemaSi mocemuli saxis riskebis

gariSgebebis formebis Semowmeba.

Seswavla.

3.2.6 საბანკო სისტემის მომგებიანობა

sabanko sistemis sxva seqtorebze damokidebuleba

saqarTvelos sabanko sistema kvlav momge-

saqarTvelos sabanko sistema, msoflios

biania, Tumca momgebianobam iklo gasul wel-

mraval sxva sabanko sistemebis msgavsad, kri-

Tan SedarebiT. kerZod, mogebam 2012 wels

tikulad aris damokidebuli ekonomikis sxva

Seadgina 134 mln lari, roca 2011 wels 323

seqtorebze. aseTi seqtorebia: telekomunika-

mln lari iyo. Sedegad, 2012 wels

ciebis, sainformacio teqnologiebis, energo-

saSualo aqtivebze Seadgina 1 procenti, xolo

momaragebisa da satransporto seqtorebi.

ukugebam saSualo kapitalze 6 procenti, rac

saqarTvelos erovnul banks surs, rom daamya-

misaRebTan SedarebiT mniSvnelovnad dabali

ros mWidro urTierTobebi zemoaRniSnuli

maCveneblebia.

ukugebam

seqtorebis warmomadgenlebTan imisaTvis, rom

diagrama N 3.24 ukugeba kapitalsa da aqtivebze

15% 10% 5%

ukugeba aqtivebze 0% 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

ukugeba kapitalze

-5% -10% -15% -20%

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2012 wels momgebianobis cvlileba wina

Zod, sesxebis wliuri zrdis tempi Semcirda

welTan SedarebiT ramdenime faqtoriT iyo

23.6 procentidan (2011 wlis dekemberi) 12.9

ganpirobebuli. sesxebis SesaZlo danakargeb-

procentamde (2012 wlis dekemberi), xolo

is rezervebze gaweuli xarjebis zrdam (230

aqtivebis SesaZlo danakargebis mixedviT Se-

milioni lariT meti wina welTan SedarebiT)

qmnili rezervebis xarjma

da aseve nawilobriv,

wlis meore naxevarSi,

seqtorisaTvis 2012 wels Seadgina 326 mln

sasesxo portfelis zrdis tempis Senelebam

lari, maSin roca 2011 wels igive maCvenebe-

momgebianobis maCveneblebi gaauaresa. ker-

li mxolod 78 milioni lari iyo. aRsaniSna-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

20%

mTliani sabanko

via, rom rezervebis zrda ramdenime ideo-

aseve masStabis gamo efeqtianobis gaumjo-

sinkratuli faqtoriT iyo gamowveuli. 2012

besebam. efeqtianobis zrdaze miuTiTebs is,

wels

wina welTan SedarebiT 18 mln lariT

rom xarjebis SemosavlebTan Tanafardobis

gaizarda rezervebis formirebis xarjebi da-

koeficienti 58.6 procentidan 56.9 procen-

sakuTrebul qonebasa da sxva aqtivebze. garda

tamde Semcirda. meore mxriv, momgebianobaze

amisa, momgebianoba Seamcira imanac, rom 2012

aqtivebis SesaZlo danakargebis rezervebis

wels sesxebis klasifikaciis gaumjobesebisa-

matebasTan erTad, negatiurad moqmedebda is,

gan miRebuli Semosavali 2011 welTan Sedar-

rom 2012 wels Semcirda saprocento spredi,

ebiT naklebi iyo.

agreTve, likviduri aqtivebis Semosavlianoba,

arsebuli zrdis tempis pirobebSi, saban-

– likvidobis nawilis laridan ucxour valu-

ko sistemis momgebianobaze pozitiurad imo-

taSi gadatanisa da laris likvidur aqtivebze

qmeda,

procentebis Semcirebis gamo.

rogorc mTlianad aqtivebis zrdam,

diagrama N 3.25 saprocento spredi 20% 18% 16% 14% saprocento spredi

12% 10%

aqtivebis Semosavlianoba

8% 6% 4%

saxsrebis Rirebuleba

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

dek-12

seq-12

ivn-12

mar-12

dek-11

seq-11

ivn-11

mar-11

dek-10

seq-10

ivn-10

mar-10

dek-09

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 3.26 momgebianobis zrdis dekompozicia 100%

50%

30.6% 30.2%

-6.8% -13.8%

arasaprocento Semosavlebis cvlileba aqtivebis xarisxis gauareseba likviduri aqtivebis Semosavlianobis cvlileba

-50%

spredis Semcireba -126.6%

-100%

-150%

masStabis gamo efeqtianobis zrda sasesxo portfelis zrda

-13.4%

-200% wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 3.27 sabanko sistemis wminda saoperacio mogeba22 600

500

400

300

200

100

0 2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

3.2.7 კაპიტალის ადეკვატურობა

sesxebi/kapitalTan koeficienti mxolod 3.4-s

saqarTvelos sabanko sistema 2012 wlis

Seadgens.

bolosaTvis adekvaturad aris kapitalize-

aseve pozitiurad aris Sefasebuli kapi-

buli. pirveladi kapitalis koeficienti (kk1)

talis zrdis resursebi, rogorc mTlianoba-

13.5 procents utoldeba, rac saqarTvelos

Si aqcionerTa siZlieris, aseve momgebianobis

erovnuli bankis sazedamxedvelo standartiT

kuTxiT.

sakredito

gansazRvrul limitze 5.5 procentuli pun-

matebis

SemTxvevaSic,

qtiT metia, xolo sazedamxedvelo kapita-

mogebisa da ekonomikuri aqtivobis gaum-

lis koeficienti 17 procents aRwevs, rac

jobesebis Sesabamisad, sakredito danaxar-

5 procentuli punqtiT aWarbebs minimalur

jebis SemcirebiT gamowveuli momgebianobis

moTxovnas. analogiuri maCveneblebi bazel

dabali maCveneblebi ufro droebiT movlenad

1-is mixedviT 18 procentsa da 23 procents,

unda Sefasdes. amasTan, ukve praqtikaSi adap-

xolo bazel II/III-is winaswari gaangariSebe-

tirebuli

kontrcikluri

bis mixedviT 16 procentsa da 19 procents

politikis

Sesabamisad,

utoldeba. TavisTavad dabalia martivi le-

vevaSi, savaluto riskis wonis garkveuli Sem-

verijis koeficienti, romelic 16.7 procents

cireba, stresul viTarebaSi aseve potenciur

Seadgens. ufro metic, aqtivebSi likviduri

buferad SeiZleba ganixilebodes.

maRali

Semdgomi

saoperacio

sazedamxedvelo

saWiroebis

SemTx-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

aqtivebis maRali xvedriTi wilis gamo, wminda

danakargebis

22. mogeba darezervebamde da erTjerad (aramudmiv) Semosaval/xarjamde

diagrama N 3.28 kapitalis adekvaturobis koeficientebi 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2%

pirveladi kapitali (kk1)

sazedamxedvelo kapitali (kk2)

kk1-is limiti

kk2-is limiti

noe-12

seq-12

ivl-12

mai-12

mar-12

ian-12

noe-11

seq-11

ivl-11

mai-11

ian-11

mar-11

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 3.29 sesxebis mSp-sTan Tanafardobis gepi23 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%

sesxebis mSp-Tan Tanafardoba

ivl-12

noe-11

mar-11

ivl-10

noe-09

mar-09

ivl-08

noe-07

mar-07

ivl-06

tendencia wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

3.3 მომხმარებელთა უფლებების დაცვა

axsnili 2011 wels amoqmedebuli wesis Ziri-

2012 weli saintereso da mniSvnelovani iyo

Tadi aspeqtebi.

momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis mimarTulebiT. wlis ganmavlobaSi SeiniSneboda komerciuli bankebis mxridan momxmarebelTa inter-

momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis ganyofileba momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis mizniT,

esebis maqsimalurad gaTvaliswinebisa da maTi

sazedamxedvelo

finansuri ganaTlebis donis amaRlebis kuTx-

SemadgenlobaSi Semavali Sesabamisi struqtu-

iT ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebis mzardi

ruli erTeuli jer kidev 2011 wels Seiqmna.

tendencia. ramdenime komerciulma bankma Se-

momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis ganyofileb-

qmna specialuri bukleti, romelic momxmare-

is ZiriTadi funqcia aris safinanso seqtoris

belTa uflebebis dacvas eZRvneba da

masSi

samomxmareblo bazarze momxmarebelTa ufle-

momxmareblisaTvis martiv da gasageb enazea

bebis dacvis sakiTxebis monitoringi. garda

23. tendencia gamoyvanilia hodrik preskotis filtriT

noe-05

mar-05

ivl-04

noe-03

mar-03

ivl-02

noe-01

0% mar-01

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

politikis

departamentis

amisa, ganyofileba uzrunvelyofs komerciul

saTvis aucilebeli informaciis miwodebis

bankebSi dafiqsirebuli pretenziebis regu-

wesis“ amoqmedebidan pirvel ramdenime TveSi

larul analizsa da Sesabamisi statistikuri

momxmarebelTa safuZvliani pretenziebi War-

informaciis ganTavsebas specialurad momxmare-

bobda usafuZvlos, xolo mogvianebiT – piri-

blebisaTvis Seqmnili momxmareblis gverdze.

qiT, pretenziebis meti wili bankebma usafuZ-

2011 wlis ivnisi – 2012 wlis dekembris pe-

vlod miiCnies.

riodSi bankebSi sul dafiqsirda 3,853 pre-

aRniSnulis ZiriTad mizezad SeiZleba mi-

tenzia, saidanac dRemde ganxilulTagan 49

viCnioT is garemoeba, rom momxmarebelTa pre-

procenti

miiCnies

tenziebis Sedegad komerciuli bankebis mier

da momxmareblis sasargeblod gadawyvites,

identificirebuli rogorc teqnikuri, aseve

xolo 51 procenti usafuZvlo aRmoCnda. sain-

momsaxurebis xarisxis mxriv arsebuli xarve-

teresoa, rom „komerciuli bankebis mier sa-

zebi droulad iqna aRmofxvrili.

bankebma

safuZvlianad

banko momsaxurebis gawevisas momxmareblebidiagrama N 3.30 komerciul bankebSi dafiqsirebuli pretenziebi, romelTa ganxilva dasrulebulia 100% 53%

90%

47%

40%

44%

47%

44%

42%

37%

47%

45%

53%

55%

42%

53%

59%

56%

54%

41%

44%

46%

58%

70%

60%

65%

51%

80% 70% 60% 60%

50%

56%

53%

40%

63%

56% 58%

53%

58% 47%

47%

30%

49% 42%

40%

35%

30%

20% 10%

bankebis mier miCneul iqna usafuZvlod bankebis mier miCneul iqna safuZvlianad wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2012 wels erovnuli bankis momxmarebelTa

amasTan, momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis gan-

uflebebis dacvis ganyofilebaSi sul 325

yofilebis mier regularulad xorcieldeba

pretenzia Semovida, romelTagan umravleso-

komerciul bankebSi dafiqsirebuli preten-

ba – 190 telefoniT dafiqsirda, 70-ma momx-

ziebis monitoringi SerCevis gziT amokrebili

marebelma eleqtronuli fostiT mogvmarTa,

pretenziebis Sesaxeb, bankidan informaciis

miviReT 49 werili, xolo 16 momxmarebeli

gamoTxovisa da momxmarebelTan komunikaciis

piradad gvestumra. miuxedavad imisa, rom

gamoyenebiT.

momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis ganyofilebaSi

Semosuli

pretenziebis

miuxedavad imisa, rom erovnuli bankis

raodenoba

momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis ganyofi-

bankSi dafiqsirebul pretenziebTan Sedare-

lebis mTavar funqcias 2011 wels amoqme-

biT mcirea, TiToeuli SemTxveva detalu-

debuli „komerciuli bankebis mier sabanko

rad ganixileba rogorc Sesabamis komerciul

momsaxurebis

bankTan, aseve saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis

aucilebeli informaciis miwodebis wesis“

sxva struqturul erTeulebTan da momxmare-

aRsruleba warmoadgens, ganyofileba ganix-

bels miewodeba kvalificiuri konsultacia.

ilavda da kompetenciis farglebSi gascemda

gawevisas

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

2 01

2 .2

2 .2 10

.2 09

2 .2

.2 07

2 06

.2 05

2 01

.2 04

2 .2

1 01

01 .2 01

1 .2 12

.2 11

01 .2 10

.2 09

1 01

.2 08

.2 07

momxmareblisaTvis

rekomendaciebs nebismier pretenziasa Tu sa-

amisa, aRmoCenili xarvezebi detalurad iyo

CivarTan dakavSirebiT, romelic dakavSire-

ganxiluli TiToeul komerciul bankTan. Se-

buli iyo zemoxsenebuli wesis regulirebis

degad, xarvezebis aRmofxvris mizniT, bankebis

sferos gareT arsebul sakiTxebTan: wesiT

mier daigegma da ukve ganxorcielda Sesabami-

regulirebuli limitis zemoT xelSekrule-

si RonisZiebebi, TanamSromelTa damatebiTi

bebi, biznes sesxebi, komerciuli bankebis mier

treningebis CaTvliT.

dasakuTrebuli uZravi qonebebi da a.S. kreditis refinansireba

garda, erovnuli bankis TanamSromlebic mo-

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier 2011

nawileobdnen, rac miRebuli da sakmaod efeq-

wels SemoRebuli sesxis winmswrebad dafarvis

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

sakomisios maqsimaluri, 2-procentiani limi-

tiani praqtikaa. msoflio dazogvis dRe

ti kvlav ZalaSi iyo da maRali konkurenciis

2012 wlis oqtomberSi saqarTveloSi pirve-

pirobebSi xdeboda misi aqtiurad gamoyeneba,

lad aRiniSna msoflio dazogvis dRe, romel-

fiqsirdeboda pretenziebis SemTxvevebic.

sac sakmaod didi istoria aqvs da msoflios

mistiuri momxmareblis kvleva

mraval qveyanaSi sxvadasxva RonisZiebiT 1925

2011 wlis bolos „Semnaxveli bankebis fon-

wlidan aRiniSneba. RonisZiebas organizebas

di saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobisTvis“ (SB-

uwevdnen Semnaxveli bankebis fondi saer-

FIC) mxardaWeriTa da partniorobiT daigegma

TaSoriso

e.w. mistiuri momxmareblis kvleva. kvlevis

komerciuli bankebi, saqarTvelos bankebis

mTavari mizani iyo komerciuli bankebis mier

asociacia da saqarTvelos sabanko trening

fizikuri pirebisaTvis samomxmareblo kre-

centri, aseve saqarTvelos erovnuli ban-

ditis gacemisa da sadepozito momsaxurebis

ki. specialurad am RonisZiebisaTvis Seiqmna

gawevis dros

sruli, aucilebeli, gasagebi,

msoflio dazogvis dRis qarTuli simbolo

utyuari da Tavisdrouli informaciis Tan-

– „grovia“ da dagrovebis kulturisadmi miZ-

mimdevruli miwodebis, aseve, klientis mier

Rvnili videorgoli grovias monawileobiT.

gamoxatuli pretenziis safuZvelze preten-

amasTan, RonisZiebaSi monawile bankebma bavS-

ziis gacxadebis SesaZleblobisa da maTze re-

vebsa da mSoblebze orientirebul sxvadasxva

agirebis sakiTxebis Semowmeba. kvleva Catarda

aqtivobebSi gamoiyenes grovias simbolikiani

2011 wlis dekemberi – 2012 wlis Tebervlis

broSurebi, maisurebi da sxva marketinguli

periodSi rogorc TbilisSi, aseve regionebSi.

masalebi.

kvelvis Sedegad Semowmda bazarze arsebuli eqvsi bankis 30 filiali. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, kvlevam gamoavlina mniSvnelovani xarvezebi komerciuli bankebis mier 2011 wels amoqmedebuli wesis

TanamSromlobisTvis,

qarTuli

msoflio dazogvis dRis yovelwliurad aRniSvnis tradiciis damkvidreba finansuri seqtorisadmi mosaxleobis ndobis amaRlebis xelSewyobis erT-erTi saSualebaa. sinergia

moTxovnebis dacvis kuTxiT. aRniSnuli dar-

aRsaniSnavia, rom garda misi ZiriTadi fun-

Rvevebi moicavda bankebis mier sakuTari ini-

qciis Sesrulebisa, momxmarebelTa uflebe-

ciativiT produqtis finansuri xarjebisa da

bis dacvis ganyofileba sakmaod aqtiurad

savaluto riskis Sesaxeb informaciis armi-

monawileobda sxvadasxva riskis identifici-

wodebas, efeqturi saprocento ganakveTisa da

rebisa da sabanko zedamxedvelebisaTvis maTi

savaluto riskis araswor ganmartebas. aseve,

gaziarebis kuTxiT – mxolod im informaciaze

ramdenime SemTxvevaSi momxmarebels ar mieca

dayrdnobiT, rac ganyofilebisaTvis preten-

pretenziis werilobiT dafiqsirebis saSualeba.

ziebidan, bankis specifikuri angariSgebebidan

miuxedavad zemoaRniSnuli darRvevebisa,

xdeboda cnobili. es gansakuTrebiT sayurad-

wesis amoqmedebidan gasuli mcire periodis

Rebo sacalo sakredito da saoperacio riske-

gaTvaliswinebiT, bazarze arsebuli mdgo-

bis kuTxiT iyo.

mareoba damakmayofileblad Sefasda. garda 88

aRsaniSnavia, rom kvlevaSi, gare kompaniis

4 არასაბანკო სექტორი

4.1 სადაზღვევო სფერო

bis krebuls, romlis moTxovnebic mxolod zedapirulad

aangariSo

periodSi

erovnuli

bankis

prioriteti dazRvevis zedamxedvelobis reformis gagrZeleba iyo. reformebis

Sedegad angariSgebis axal standartebze gadasvla da sadazRvevo kompaniebis regulirebis

Tanamedrove,

saerTaSoriso

doneze

gavrcelebuli meTodebis danergva bazris monawileebisaTvis ar aRmoCnda martivi. miuxedavad imisa, rom 2012 wlisTvis sadazRvevo sferos ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani progresi dafiqsirda, erovnuli banki kvlav ganagrZobda sistematur muSaobas sadazRvevo sferos meti ganviTarebisa da gamarTulad funqciomaregulirebel kanonmdeblobaSi ganxorcielebul ZiriTad cvlilebebamde (2007 wlis bolo) ar arsebobda sadazRvevo bazris gamarTuli sazedamxedvelo sistema da politika, romelic saSualebas miscemda zedamxedvels srulfasovnad ganexorcielebina masze kanoniT dakisrebuli movaleoba. moqmedi sakanonmdeblo baza ar Seesabameboda saerTaSoriso doneze gavrcelebul standartebs, vinaidan საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

is moklebuli iyo SesaZleblobas ganesazRvra srulyofili finansuri da saangariSgebo moTxovnebi sadazRvevo kompaniebisTvis da mieca sakmarisi uflebamosileba bazris zedamxedvelisTvis, rom am ukanasknels aResrulebina kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebi Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi. kompaniebis umravlesoba ar adgenda finansur angariSgebebs, vinaidan ar arsebobda perioduli finansuri angariSis wardgenis sakanonmdeblo moTxovna da zedamxedveli iTxovda mxolod mwir statistikur informacias bazris monawileebisagan; xarvezebi

Seusabamobebi,

romlebic

daSvebuli iyo sadazRvevo rezervebis daTvlis, maT dasafarad aucilebeli likviduri aqtivebis moTxovnis, da e.w „kapitalis adekvaturobis“ wesebSi, rTuli aRsaqmeli da Sesasrulebeli iyo, rogorc bazris monawileebisaTvis, aseve zedamxedvelisTvis. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sadazRvevo bazris maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba warmoadgenda normative-

regulirebadi

subieqtebisa da maregulireblis mier da ar efuZneboda im faqtorebis detalur ganxilvasa da Seswavlas, romelic esoden aucilebelia sadazRvevo kompaniebis srulfasovani da gamarTuli funqcionirebisaTvis. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, faqtobrivad,

SeuZlebeli iyo sadazRvevo seqtoris

efeqtiani zedamxedvelobis ganxorcieleba. sistema saWiroebda radikalur cvilebebsa da zedamxedvelobis samsaxurSi maRalkvalificiuri kadrebis mozidvas. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, sadazRvevo bazris gajansaRebis mizniT, axalma zedamxedvelma (finansuri monitoringis samsaxuri) safuZveli Cauyara sxvadasxva

nirebisaTvis.

sruldeboda

saxis reformebsa da RonisZiebebs, ris Sedegadac SesaZlebeli gaxda finansuri bazris am mimarTulebis realuri zedamxedvelobis ganxorcieleba. dafiqsirebuli dadebiTi maCveneblebi, ganpirobebulia zedamxedvelis mier bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi gatarebuli RonisZiebebiTa da reformebiT. Seiqmna ZiriTadi sadazRvevo parametrebis, sadazRvevo saxeobebis da maTi swori dajgufebis amsaxveli sacdeli statistikuri formebi, safuZveli Caeyara axali statistikuri kvartaluri da wliuri formebis SemuSavebis process. sadazRvevo kompaniebi yovelkvartalurad avsebdnen damatebiT formebs, romlebic Tanmimdevrulad asaxavda zedamxedvelis axali wesebiT dadgenil parametrebs. Tumca, miuxedavad maregulireblis

dauzogavi

Zalisxmevisa,

sadazRvevo

bazris erTian standartebze gadayvanis procesi

sakmaod problemuri aRmoCnda, radgan

praqtikulad ar arsebobda qarTuli sadazRvevo bazris zogadi qcevis (Business Code) an romelime konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT asociaciis farglebSi SemuSavebuli da bazris yvela monawilis mier miRebuli standarti. Sesabamisad, sadazRvevo sferosTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis ararsebobis pirobebSi, zedamxedvels uwevda iseTi zogadi principebis ganmarteba da danergva, romlebic warmoadgenen bazris funqcionirebis aucilebel,

elementarul winapirobas da romlebic jerac

romelic efuZneboda konkretul kompaniaSi,

ar hqondaT gaTavisebuli bazris monawileebs,

misi angariSgebis analizisa da Seswavlis Se-

miuxedavad seqtoris arsebobis xangrZlivi pe-

degad distanciurad danaxul xarvezebs da

riodisa. (mag. gamomuSavebuli premia, rezer-

problemebs. zedamxedvelis mier sadazRvevo

vebis cvlileba, gadamzRvevlis wili rezer-

organizaciebSi Semowmebebi ZiriTadad tar-

vebSi, zaralianobis koeficienti da a.S.).

deboda

danaxuli

proble-

mebis safuZvelze. amasTan erTad, adgilze

wesi, romelic iZleoda minimaluri kapitalis

Semowmebis

dros

gamoikveTa

iseTi

prob-

fuladi nawilis yoveldRiuri naSTebis kon-

lematuri sakiTxebi, romlebic safuZvlad

trolis saSualebas. imis gaTvaliswinebiT,

daedo axali wesebis SemuSavebasa da amoqme-

rom Sida aRricxvianobis problema damaxa-

debas. aRsaniSnavia, rom zedamxedvelis Sez-

siaTebeli iyo sadazRvevo kompaniebis um-

Ruduli uflebamosileba sadazRvevo bazris

ravlesobisTvis, ZalaSi Sevida axali wesi,

monawileebisaTvis sanqciebis dawesebisa da

romelmac daadgina moTxovnebi sadazRvevo

ganxorcielebis mimarTulebiT araerT dab-

kompaniebis mier sadazRvevo operaciebis am-

rkolebas qmnida sadazRvevo bazris saTanado

saxveli detaluri informaciis Segrovebisa

regulirebisTvis. sxva maregulirebeli nor-

da krebsiTi formiT wardgenis mimarTulebiT.

mativebis paralelurad saWiro gaxda im regu-

SemoRebul iqna sadazRvevo kompaniebis

laciebis cvlilebac, romlebic sadazRvevo

romleb-

kompaniebis mier kanonmdeblobis darRvevis

Sic maqsimalurad aris gaTvaliswinebuli ev-

procesSi iqneboda gamoyenebuli da regu-

rokavSiris qveynebSi sadazRvevo biznesisTvis

lators momavali darRvevis prevenciisa da

specialurad Seqmnili standartebi. pirvel

aRkveTis saSualebas miscemda. am mizniT ga-

etapze

tarda Semdegi RonisZiebebi:

finansuri

angariSgebis

sadazRvevo

formebi,

kompaniebs

moeTxovaT angariSgebis

• ganisazRvra sadazRvevo organizaciis li-

wardgena eleqtronuli formiT. axali finan-

cenzirebisa da licenziis gauqmebis pi-

suri angariSgeba sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeba

robebi/procedura,

sadazRvevo bazarze wlobiT Camoyalibebuli

regulirdeboda

formatisagan – masSi aisaxa sadazRvevo re-

sferoSi arsebuli zogadi CanawerebiT da

zervebis daTvlis da angariSgebaSi asaxvis ax-

ar adgenda raime specialur moTxovnas sa-

ali midgoma. am garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

dazRvevo bazris specifikidan gamomdin-

zedamxedveli ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi

are. aRniSnuli cvlilebebis Sedegad erT

atarebda treiningebs sadazRvevo organiza-

normatiul aqtSi Tavmoyril iqna iseTi ar-

ciebisTvis – zedamxedvelis Sesabamisi kvali-

sebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone moTxovnebi, ro-

fikaciis mqone jgufi adgilze exmareboda

goricaa mzRvevelis minimaluri kapitalis

organizaciebs axali angariSgebis danergvaSi.

arseboba, zedamxedvelis mier mzRvevelis

yovelkvartaluri

finansuri

rac

mxolod

cvlilebebamde licenzirebis

gasul wlebSi sadazRvevo seqtoris ze-

mniSvnelovani wilis uSualo Tu benefici-

damxedveloba etapobrivad gadavida riskebze

ari mesakuTreebis identificirebis SesaZ-

dafuZnebuli zedamxedvelobisa da Semowmebis

lebloba;

principebze (risk-based inspection and supervision),

• dazustda mzRvevelis finansuri simyaris

ramac 2012 wlisTvis zedamxedvels SedarebiT

uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli muxle-

gauadvila im orientiri kompaniisa da masTan

bi, rac mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo mzRvevel-

mimarTebaSi gasatarebeli RonisZiebebis iden-

Ta qmedunarianobisa da gadaxdisunariano-

tificireba, romelic Tavisi saqmianobidan

bis uzrunvelyofis mxriv;

Seicav-

• Camoyalibda darRvevebisa da sanqciebis

da. gegmuri Semowmebebis sistema Canacvlda

muxli, riTac saSualeba mieca regula-

kompaniebis perioduli Semowmebis sistemiT,

tors sadazRvevo organizaciis an misi

gamomdinare,

mniSvnelovan

riskebs

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

gatarebuli reformis Sedegad SemuSavda

distanciurad

administratoris mxridan sadazRvevo ka-

maT Soris, mzRvevelis likvidaciis da

nonmdeblobis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi Tan-

gakotrebis saqmis procesi. zemoaRniSnuli

mimdevrulad, xolo darRvevisa da SesaZlo

wesi ukve praqtikulad iqna gamoyenebuli

riskis seriozulobidan gamomdinare – ara-

likvidaciaSi da gakotrebis reJimSi myofi

Tanmimdverulad gamoeyenebina sxvadasxva

subieqtebis mimarT da efeqturi aRmoC-

tipis da xasiaTis sanqciebi, arsebuli dar-

nda maTi kreditorebis uflebebis dacvis

Rvevis mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare;

TvalsazrisiT;

• sadazRvevo kanonmdeblobis inovaciur cvlilebas da reformas warmoadgenda mzRvevelis

sadazRvevo

iZulebiTi administraciis, likvidaciisa da

yvela etapze kapitalis minimaluri odeno-

gakotrebis saqmis warmoebasTan dakavSire-

bis gansazRvris wesi“, romliTac ganisaz-

buli normebis gawera, rasac calke Tavi

Rvra sadazRvevo organizaciis sakuTari

daeTmo „dazRvevis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos

kapitalis minimaluri odenobebi dazRvevis

kanonSi. aRniSnuliT regulators damate-

sxvadasxva saxeobebisaTvis da gaiwera mini-

biT saSualeba mieca srulfasovnad yofil-

malur fulad saxsrebTan dakavSirebuli

iyo CarTuli da ekontrolebina „arajan-

SezRudvebi;

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

saqmianobis

ganxorcielebis

saRi“/„saxifaTo“ mzRveveli, waremarTa misi

• umniSvnelovanesi iyo „mzRvevelis finan-

iZulebiTi administracia, likvidacia Tu

suri angariSgebis formebisa da maTi saqar-

gakotrebis saqme da amiT daecva momxmare-

Tvelos erovnuli bankisaTvis wardgenis

belTa interesebi;

wesis“ SemuSaveba, romelmac sxva saer-

• sadazRvevo sferos maregulirebeli Ziri-

TaSoriso standartebis doneze aRiarebul

Tadi normatiuli aqtis – „dazRvevis Se-

principebTan erTad danerga angariSgebis

saxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis cvlilebebma

erTian formatze gadasvla axali da moq-

paralelurad gamoiwvia Sesabamisi cvli-

nili eleqtronuli formebis meSveobiT;

lebebi calkeul wesebSic. aRsaniSnavia,

• SemuSavda „mzRvevelis

statistikuri an-

„mzRvevelis mimarT fuladi jarimis gan-

gariSgebis formebisa da maTi saqarTve-

sazRvris, dakisrebisa da aRsrulebis we-

los erovnuli bankisaTvis wardgenis wesi“,

si“, romelic sadazRvevo bazris efeqturi

romliTac ganisazRvra janmrTelobis daz-

zedamxedvelobis mniSvnelovan berketad

Rvevis statistikuri angariSis detaluri

iqca, vinaidan, masSi detalurad gaiwera

forma, romelmac saSualeba misca regula-

fuladi jarimebis dawesebis procedura

tors gaekontrolebina saqarTvelos sadaz-

da maTi odenobebi sadazRvevo organi-

Rvevo bazris ZiriTadi mimarTulebisTvis

zaciis mxridan kanonmdeblobis, maT So-

damaxasiaTebeli specifiuri detalebi da

ris, „ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis

statistikuri suraTis danaxvis meSveobiT

aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb“ kanonis dar-

mieca momavali ZiriTadi tendenciebis da-

RvevisaTvis. bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi

naxvis SesaZlebloba. amasTanave, damatebiT

maregulireblis mier dawesebulma jarime-

SemuSavda angariSgebis sxvadasxva kvarta-

bis jamurma odenobam 3.4 milioni lari

luri formebi, romliTac zedamxedvels

Seadgina;

SeuZlia miiRos detaluri informacia sa-

• aranakleb mniSvnelovania da amave mizans

dazRvevo kompaniebis gadamzRvevelebis da

emsaxureba „mzRvevelis iZulebiTi admi-

kompaniis mimarT arsebuli sasamarTlo da-

nistraciis, likvidaciisa da gakotrebis

vebis Sesaxeb;

saqmis warmoebis wesi“, sadac Tanmimdevru-

• daixvewa „sadazRvevo rezervebis saxeobaTa

gansakuTrebul

gansazRvrisa da Seqmnis“ da „sadazRvevo

reJimebTan dakavSirebuli procedurebi,

rezervebis dasafarad dasaSvebi aqtivebisa

lad

• miRebul iqna „saqarTvelos teritoriaze

aris

gawerili

da maTi struqturis gansazRvris“ wesebi.

gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sedegad, mniS-

amis Sedegad, mzRvevels gauCnda sakuTari

vnelovnad gaumjobesda sadazRvevo kompanieb-

saqmianobisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi sadaz-

is mier maregulireblisaTvis warmodgenili

Rvevo valdebulebebis dasaTvlelad de-

angariSgebebis Sevsebis xarisxi. unda aRiniS-

talurad

nos, rom angariSgebis daxvewis TvalsazrisiT

sakuTari likvidurobis uzrunvelyofis

sakmaod efeqtiani aRmoCnda sanqciebis mima-

minimaluri standarti;

rTulebiT miRebuli specialuri normativi,

saxelmZRvanelo

saqmi-

romelmac aiZula kompaniebi seriozulad mok-

anobis daregulirebas emsaxureboda „sa-

idebodnen wesebiT gansazRvrul moTxovnebs.

dazRvevo brokeris registraciisa da re-

xarisxis

gistraciis gauqmebis wesis“ SemuSaveba da

erovnul banks yovelkvartaluri angariSge-

miReba, romliTac ganisazRvra, rogorc

bidan gadasuliyo yovelTviur angariSgebaze,

rezidenti, aseve ararezidenti sadazRvevo

rac Tavis mxriv, saSualebas iZleva droulad

brokeris filialis/warmoamdgenlobis sa-

moxdes kompaniebis finansuri mdgomareobis

qarTveloSi saqmianobis dawyebisas saval-

analizi da riskebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi -

debulo registraciis pirobebi. imis gaT-

maTi gamovlena. aRniSnuli mizniT, 2011 wlis

valiswinebiT,

brokeri

miwuruls, Sesabamisi cvlilebebi iqna Setani-

safinanso sferos mniSvnelovan moTamaSes

li „mzRvevelis finansuri angariSgebis forme-

warmoadgens, axalma Canawerebma saSualeba

bisa da maTi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankisaT-

misca regulators zedamxedvelobis miRma

vis wardgenisa“ da „mzRvevelis statistikuri

ar daetovebina zemoaRniSnuli subieqti.

angariSgebis formebisa da maTi saqarTvelos

2012 wlisTvis sakanonmdeblo bazam gan-

erovnuli bankisaTvis wardgenis“ wesebSi. Se-

sazRvra sadazRvevo bazris ganviTarebis ar-

sabamisad, 2012 wlidan zedamxedvels saSuale-

sebuli stadiisaTvis relevanturi, sadaz-

ba aqvs kompaniebisgan miiRos angariSgebebi

Rvevo saqmianobaSi arsebuli saerTaSoriso

wesebSi Sesuli cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

standartebi da gamocdileba. amasTan, re-

erT-erT progresul cvlilebad SeiZleba

formebis gatarebiT miRweuli Sedegebis uni-

ganixilos cifruli xelmoweriT damowmebul

kaluroba imaSic gamoixata, rom saerTaSoriso

eleqtronul angariSgebebze gadasvla, ra-

doneze

maqsi-

mac sagrZnoblad gaamartiva angariSgebebis,

malurad harmonizaciis paralelurad, regu-

rogorc mowodebis, ise maregulireblis mier

latori cdilobda sadazRvevo bazris qar-

maTi Semowmebis procesi. 2011-2012 wlebis

Tuli realobisa da ganviTarebis masStabebis

ganmavlobaSi erovnulma bankma mniSvnelo-

dakavSirebas axlad wayenebul moTxovnebTan.

vani qmedebebi ganaxorciela bazris monawi-

Sesabamisad, axali wesebis Tu moTxovnebis

leebisaTvis zemoaRniSnuli komfortis da

wayeneba da gansazRvra xdeboda etapobrivad

angariSgebis warmodgenis gamartivebis kuT-

da grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi emsaxureboda

xiT da SesamCnevad martivi gaxada, rogorc

bazris monawileebis umtkivneulo adaptire-

regulirebad

bas axali pirobebis mimarT.

aseve sxvadasxva biurokratiuli procedure-

• sadazRvevo

bazarze

rom

damkvidrebul

saSuamavlo

sadazRvevo

praqtikasTan

gaumjobesebam

saSualeba

monawileebTan

misca

urTierToba,

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

gawerili

bis gverdis avla.

diagrama N 4.1 moziduli premiis odenobis dinamika wlebis mixedviT 600

538 500

mln lari

400

370 339

372 300

279

200

119

100

45 0

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 4.2 mzRvevelebis finansuri mdgomareoba wlebis mixedviT da procentuli zrda24 700 630 26%

600 501

mln lari

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

500

15%

511

436

sul aqtivebi

32%

400

17%

331 300

32%

412

sul valdebulebebi

353

sul kapitali

276

218

100

28%

250 27%

200

24%

73% 32 2008

34%

52%

119 84

2010

2011

55 2009

2012 wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

valdebulebaTa Sesrulebis dazRvevis sa-

statistikuri angariSgebis formebisa da maTi

xeobis (e.w. sabanko garantiebis) riskianobidan

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankisaTvis wardgenis

gamomdinare,

xorcieldeboda

wesSi“ Sevida cvlilebebi da aRniSnul wess

produqtis analizi, Sedegad SemuSavda da

daemata axali forma, romlis warmodgenis

dawesda SezRudvebi aRniSnuli saxeobis mima-

valdebuleba daekisraT mzRvevelebs yovelT-

rT, rac gulisxmobs mzRvevelis mier aRebu-

viurad. Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda valde-

li valdebulebis zRvrul Tanafardobas sa-

bulebaTa Sesrulebis dazRvevis saxeobaSi

kuTar kapitalTan mimarTebaSi. „mzRvevelis

dawesebuli SezRudvebis monitoringi.

periodulad

24. 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda 2011 wlis monacemebis koreqtireba da wina wlis monacemebi warmodgenilia kompaniebis mier mowodebuli ganaxlebuli odenobebiT

2009 wlis bolodan daiwyo saxelmwifo programebis farglebSi qveynis mosaxleobis garkveuli nawilis janmrTelobis dazRveva,

kvalificiuri

personali,

gaeumjobesebina

momsaxurebis xarisxi. garda zemoaRniSnuli proeqtebisa, sada-

(dazRveulTa raodenoba 2010 wlis bolosT-

zRvevo

vis Seadgenda – 983 242, 2011 wlis bolosTvis

kompaniebis meSveobiT), aaSenes 49 samedici-

kompaniebma

(ZiriTadad

– 938 927, xolo 2012 wlis bolosTvis 1 386

no dawesebuleba, risTvisac ganaxorcieles

760 adamians). es programa agreTve moicavda

masStaburi

sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier garkveuli sain-

mln lari) hospitalur seqtorSi. miuxedavad

vesticio valdebulebebis Sesrulebasac. am

ganxorcielebuli

programam saSualeba misca sadazRvevo bazars

sadazRvevo seqtorma gauZlo zemoTnaxseneb

mniSvnelovnad ganviTarebuliyo janmrTelo-

mniSvnelovan gamowvevebs da agrZelebs sa-

bis dazRvevis saxeobaSi, moezida damatebiT

xelmwifo programebSi monawileobas.

investiciebi

Svilobili

(daaxloebiT

investiciebisa,

100

jamurad

diagrama N 4.3 sadazRvevo Semosavali da damdgari sadazRvevo zarali saxelmwifo samedicino dazRvevis programebSi periodis sadazRvevo Semosavali

periodis sadazRvevo zarali

180 160

159

155

150

mln lari

140

145 127

120

111

100

93 80 60 40

2009, zaralianobis koeficienti 60%

2010, zaralianobis koeficienti 65%

2011, zaralianobis koeficienti 87%

2012, zaralianobis koeficienti 91%

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT,

Rvevo kompaniaSi ararezidenti damfuZnebeli

saqarTvelos sadazRvevo bazarze 15 sadaz-

nawilobriv monawileobs, xolo 8 sadazRvevo

Rvevo kompania moqmedebda, saidanac 11 ax-

kompania 100 procentiT warmoadgens rezi-

orcielebs rogorc arasicocxlis, ise sico-

dentebis mier ganxorcielebul investicias.

cxlis dazRvevas, xolo danarCeni 4 mxolod

garda amisa 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomare-

arasicocxlis

sa-

obiT registrirebul sadazRvevo brokerTa

damfuZneblo struqtura sakmaod diversi-

raodenobam 15 Seadgina, saidanac 7 brokeri

ficirebulia:

2012 wels daregistrirda.

dazRvevas. ori

kompaniebis

mzRveveli

warmoadgens

ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da urTierTTanam-

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi sadazRvevo kompa-

Sromlobis organizaciis (OECD) wevr qveyana-

niebis mier gaformebuli polisebis raodenoba

Si registrirebuli sadazRvevo kompaniis fi-

3.5 milions Seadgens da wina wlis monacemTan

lials, 3 sadazRvevo kompanias 100 procentiT

SedarebiT 34 procentiT aris gazrdili,

flobs ararezidenti damfuZnebeli, 2 sadaz-

aRniSnuli zrda ZiriTadad gamowveulia axali

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

saxelmwifo samedicino dazRvevis programis

darebiT, Sesabamisad 6.4 da 13.0 procentuli

amoqmedebiT. misi wili mTlianad gaformebul

punqtiT aris Semcirebuli.

polisebSi 26.8 procentia.

unda aRvniSnoT, rom dazRvevis umetes

unda aRiniSnos, rom gacemuli polise-

saxeobebSi

wina

welTan

SedarebiT

SeiniS-

bis mTlian raodenobaSi maRali procentuli

neba moziduli sadazRvevo premiis zrda, da

wili, samedicino dazRvevis Semdeg (69.1 pro-

jamSi moziduli

centi), sicocxlis dazRvevaze modis (14.4

monacemTan SedarebiT 58 procentiT gaizarda.

procenti). aRsaniSnavia, rom sicocxlis daz-

2012 wels sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier

RvevaSi did nawils samedicino dazRvevasTan

moziduli jamuri sadazRvevo premiis 70.7

kombinirebuli polisebi moicavs.

procenti samedicino dazRvevaze modis, sa-

2012 wels sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier

dac 2/3-s

premiis odenoba 2011 wlis

saxelmwifos mier dafinansebuli

mozidulma jamurma sadazRvevo premiam 537.8

samedicino dazRvevis sxvadasxva programa

milioni lari Seadgina. moziduli premiis

Seadgens. meore adgili mozidul premiaSi

mixedviT,

sadazRvevo bazris koncentracia

qonebis dazRvevas uWiravs 10.3 procentuli

(5 wamyvani mzRveveli) 65.3 procents Seadgens,

wiliT, xolo Semdeg saxmeleTo satransporto

rac 2011 da 2010 wlebis maCveneblebTan Se-

saSualebaTa dazRveva modis 5.8 procentiT.

diagrama N 4.4 sadazRvevo bazris struqtura moziduli premiis mixedviT

samedicino (janmrTelobis) dazRveva 70.7% qonebis dazRveva 10.3% saxmeleTo satransporto saSualebaTa dazRveva (garda sarkinigzo transportisa) 5.8%

70.7%

sicocxlis dazRveva 4.2%

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis dazRveva 1.5% sahaero satransporto saSualebaTa dazRveva (korpusis dazRveva) 1.1% valdebulebaTa Sesrulebis dazRveva 0.9% saxmeleTo transportis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis dazRveva 0.8% sahaero satransporto saSualebaTa gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli pasuxismgeblobis dazRveva 0.8% tvirTebis dazRveva 0.7% 10.3% 0.1%

samogzauro dazRveva 0.7%

0.4% 0.5%

5.8%

ubeduri SemTxvevis dazRveva 0.7%

0.5% 0.7%

dazRveva safinanso danakargebisagan 0.7%

0.7% 0.8%

0.8%

0.9%

1.1%

1.5%

4.2%

mcurav satransporto saSualebaTa gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli pasuxismgeblobis dazRveva 0.4% sakredito valdebulebaTa dazRveva 0.1%

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

sadazRvevo kompaniebis periodis sadazRvevo Semosavali (gamomuSavebuli sadazRvevo

dazRvevo zarals, samedicinos wili aRniSnul parametrSi 90 procents aWarbebs.

neto premia) 2012 wels 333 milion lars Sead-

zaralianobis koeficientis maRali maCve-

gens, xolo periodis damdgari neto sadaz-

nebliT SeiZleba gamovyoT samedicino daz-

Rvevo zarali 271.5 mln lariT ganisazRvra,

Rveva (93.4 procenti). aRniSnuli saxeoba,

rac 2011 wlis Sesabamis maCveneblebs 25 da

moculobidan gamomdinare, SesamCnev zegav-

28 procentiT aRemateba. rogorc moziduli

lenas axdens mTlianad sadazRvevo bazris

premiis, aseve sadazRvevo Semosavlis Ziri-

zaralianobis maCvenebelze, romelic Tavis

Tad nawils samedicino dazRveva warmoadgens

mxriv 81.5 procents warmoadgens.

79.5 procentiT. rac Seexeba damdgar neto sadiagrama N 4.5 sadazRvevo Semosavali da sadazRvevo zarali wlebis mixedviT 350

300

mln lari

250

200

150

100

2008, zaralianobis koeficienti 70%

2009, zaralianobis koeficienti 64%

periodis sadazRvevo Semosavali

2010, zaralianobis koeficienti 61%

2011, zaralianobis koeficienti 80%

2012, zaralianobis koeficienti 82%

periodis sadazRvevo zarali

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier 2012 wlis gan-

finansuri

angariSgebis

konsolidirebis

mavlobaSi anazRaurebuli zaralis mTlianma

dros aRebulia mxolod wlis bolos moqmedi

moculobam 264.9 mln lari Seadgina, rac 19

kompaniebis angariSgebebi, Sesabamisad maTSivea

procentiT aRemateba 2011 wlis Sesabamis mo-

asaxuli im kompaniebis saqmianobis Sedegebi,

nacems.

romlebmac wlis ganmavlobaSi Sewyvites fun-

2012 wlis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, mzRve-

qcionireba. aqedan gamomdinare gansxvavdeba

velebis mier gadazRvevaze gaweuli xarji 70.9

rigi monacemebi finansur da statistikur an-

mln lars Seadgens. rac Seexeba gadazRvevis

gariSgebebSi.

premias, misi odenoba 75.7 milion lars Sead-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

saangariSo periodSi, sadazRvevo bazris

gens da gasul welTan SedarebiT 15.6 pro-

sainvesticio

centiT aris gazrdili. aRsaniSnavia, rom ga-

wminda sakomisio xarjma 1.3 mln lari, admi-

damzRvevlis wili sadazvevo valdebulebebSi,

nistraciulma da sxva saoperacio xarjma 55.6

2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, 74 pro-

mln lari, xolo finansurma xarjma 9.7 mln

cents Seadgens.

lari Seadgina.

Semosavalma

11.9

mln

lari,

finansuri maCveneblebis Sejerebis Semdeg

sadazRvevo kompaniebis aqtivebis saerTo

2012 wlis wminda zaralma Seadgina 7.3 mln

moculoba 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareo-

lari.

biT Seadgens 630.2 mln lars, rac gasul welTan

2012 wels saoperacio xarjebis koeficien-

SedarebiT 25.7 procentiT aris gazrdili. sa-

ti (Operating ratio) Seadgens 98.7 procents. sao-

dazRvevo kompaniebis aqtivebSi mniSvnelovani

peracio xarjebis koeficientis daangariSeb-

wili uWiravs: sadazRvevo moTxovnebs – 255.2

isas gamoyenebuli parametrebia: zaralianobis

mln lari, fulad saxsrebs da depozitebs –

koeficienti 83.5 procenti, administraciuli

105.6 mln lari da investiciebs Svilobil da

da sxva xarjebis koeficienti (Expence ratio)

mekavSire kompaniebSi

22.0 procenti da ukugeba investiciebidan (Re-

gasul welTan SedarebiT gazrdilia 21.2 mln

turn on investment) 6.8 procenti.

lariT.

– 96.8 mln lari, rac

diagrama N 4.6 aqtivebis struqtura

fuladi saxsrebi da maTi eqvivalentebi - 3.9%

1.1% 4.6%

3.9%

moTxovnebi sakredito dawesebulebebis mimarT - 12.8%

2.9% 0.8%

4.1%

12.8%

gasayidad arsebuli finansuri aqtivebi - 0.1% 0.1%

sadazRvevo moTxovnebi, wminda - 40.5% 11.1%

gadazRvevis moTxovnebi, wminda - 1.6% gacemuli sesxebi - 1.2% investiciebi mekavSire kompaniebSi - 0.8% investiciebi Svilobil kompaniebSi - 14.6%

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

14.6%

gadamzRvevlis wili sadazRvevo rezervebSi - 11.1% 40.5%

gadavadebuli sakomisio xarji - 0.8% ZiriTadi saSualebebi, wminda - 4.1%

0.8% 1.2%

1.6%

gudvili da sxva aramaterialuri aqtivebi, wminda - 2.9% gadacadebuli sagadasaxado aqtivi - 1.1%

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

mzRvevelebis sabalanso valdebulebebis

sadazRvevo kompaniebis jamurma kapitalma

saerTo moculoba 2012 wlis bolos Seadgens

2012 wlis bolos Seadgina 119.3 mln lari,

510.9 mln lars, rac 23.9 procentiT aRemate-

rac 33.8 procentiT aRemateba gasuli wlis

ba gasuli wlis monacems. sadazRvevo kom-

monacems. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom 2012 wlis

paniebis valdebulebebSi mniSvnelovani ad-

ganmavlobaSi mzRvevelebis saaqcio da sae-

gili uWiravs sadazRvevo bruto rezervebis

misio kapitalis jami (damfuZneblebis mier

monacems – 382.1 mln lari da finansur val-

ganxorcielebuli pirdapiri investicia) 40

debulebebs – 64.3 mln lari.

mln lariT aris gazrdili.

diagrama N 4.7 mzRvevelebis finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgeba 2011-12 wlebSi 700 630 600 501

511

500 412 400

2012

2011

300

200 119 89

100

sul aqtivebi

sul valdebulebebi

sul kapitali

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, sa-

4.3 ფასიანი ქაღალდების ბაზარი 012 wlis ganmavlobaSi fasiani qaRal-

6 sapensio sqema, saidanac mxolod 2 sapensio

sqema axorcielebs aqtiurad sapensio dazRve-

lilebebiT mimdinareobda.

dazRvevo bazarze registrirebulia sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier dafuZnebuli

debis bazris regulirebisa da zedamxedvelobis procesi bolo wlebSi am sferos

maregulirebel aqtebSi ganxorcielebuli cv-

vas. aRniSnul sapensio sqemebSi monawileTa

2007 wlis ivlisSi fasiani qaRaldebis

raodenobam 2012 wlis dasasruls Seadgina

erovnuli komisiis likvidaciis Semdeg fa-

18 397 moqalaqe. 2012 wels sapensio sqemebis

siani qaRaldebis bazris regulireba finan-

monawileebis mier ganxorcielebulma sapen-

suri monitoringis samsaxuris kompetenciaSi

sio Senatanebis jamurma odenobam 2.4 milioni

gadavida. daiwyo radikaluri cvlilebebi,

lari Seadgina. sapensio sqemebis jamuri val-

rogorc sakanonmdeblo bazis Secvlis da

debulebebi sapensio sqemebis monawileebis

misi Tanamedrove standartebTan miaxloveb-

mimarT 2012 wlis 31 dekembrisaTvis 11.3 mi-

is kuTxiT, aseve regulirebis principebis

lion lars Seadgens, rac wina wlis analogiur

modernizaciis TvalsazrisiT. im droisaTvis

monacemTan SedarebiT 19 procentiT aris gaz-

arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis analizisa da

rdili.

Seswavlis procesSi gamoikveTa, rom moqmedi

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

4.2 საპენსიო სქემები

normativebi araTu Seusabamo da ararelevan-

nebisa da Sexedulebisamebr gadaewyvita, das-

turi iyo bazarze arsebul realobasTan misi

Wirdeboda Tu ara mas kvalificiuri sabro-

ganviTarebis

ara-

kero kompania Suamavlis saxiT da ramdenad

med praqtikulad SeuZlebels xdida bazris

surda garigebis safondo birJaze dadeba.

regulirebas da warmoadgenda e.w. „umoqmedo

amave dros, raime SesaZlo uzustobis Tavidan

kanonmdeblobis“ nakrebs. saWiro iyo dargis

acilebis mizniT, kanonmdeblobiT ganisaz-

myisieri reforma da im midgomebis Secvla,

Rvra e.w. fiqsingis valdebuleba, rac uzrun-

romlebic monopoliur mdgomareobaSi aye-

velyofda birJis savaWro sistemaSi ganTavse-

nebdnen bazris zogierT monawiles, meores

buli sajaro fasiani qaRaldebiT dadebuli

mxriv, akisrebdnen gaumarTleblad zedmet

garigebebis Taobaze informaciis sistemati-

valdebulebas investorebs da amiT xels uS-

zacias da „ormagi garigebebis“ mcdelobis

lidnen bazris ganviTarebis progresirebas.

Tavidan acilebas.

stadiidan

gamomdinare,

sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebisa da samoqmedo strategiis

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

procesi

2007-2008

periodSi

mniSvnelovani

iyo

bazarze konkurenciis damkvidrebis kuTxi-

wlebis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielda. cvli-

Tac

lebebis mizani iyo arsebuli kanonmdeblobis

dasaSvebi iyo mxolod erTi safondo bir-

daxvewa, umoqmedo da zedmeti valdebulebe-

Jisa da centraluri depozitaris arseboba.

bis mqone moTxovnebis gauqmeba da ganviTare-

kanonmdeblobaSi Setanilma cvlilebebma ki

bis dabal stadiaze myofi bazrisa da misi

SesaZlebeli gaxada yvela dainteresebuli

monawileebisaTvis

gadadgmuli

nabijebi:

cvlilebebamde

liberaluri

mxare gamxdariyo zemoaRniSnuli finansuri

kanonmdeblobis SeTavazeba, rac, Tavis mxriv,

institutebis licenziis maZiebeli da dadge-

waaxalisebda kompaniebis Semdgomi ganviTare-

nili moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi

bis da winsvlis process.

ganexorcielebina Sesabamisi saqmianoba.

SedarebiT

ganxor-

amave periodSi „fasiani qaRaldebis bazris

cielebul reformebamde, fasiani qaRaldebiT

Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi gaCnda Canawe-

vaWroba dasaSvebi iyo mxolod licenzirebuli

rebi, romlebic bevrad ufro amartivebdnen

sabrokero kompaniebis meSveobiT da mxolod

zedamxedvelobasa da regulirebasTan dakav-

safondo

Sirebul procedurebs. erT-erTi cvlilebis

safondo

100

SemuSavebis

aRniSnul

bazris

birJaze.

regulirebaSi

moqmedi

kanonmdebloba investoris

Tanaxmad safinanso zedamxedvelobis saagen-

damoukidebel SesaZleblobas, brokeris an/

tos mieniWa uflebamosileba ganesazRvra im

da sabrokero kompaniis Suamavlobis gareSe

aRiarebul birJaTa nusxa, romelTa fasiani

ganexorcielebina fasiani qaRaldebiT garige-

qaRaldebis bazris regulatorebi sando repu-

ba. Sesabamisad, investoris nebis miuxedavad,

taciiT sargeblobdnen da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

SeuZlebeli iyo garigebis dadeba brokeris

sajaro fasiani qaRaldebi aRniSnul birJebze

gverdis avliT, rac, Tavis mxriv, dakavSire-

ukve ivaWreboda, saqarTveloSi maT savaWrod

buli iyo dainteresebuli mxaris mier gasawev

ganTavsebas aRar dasWirdeboda damatebiTi

zedmet danaxarjTan da sxva aucileblobas

nebarTva. mogvianebiT (2010 weli) aRniSnuli

moklebul qmedebebTan. garda amisa, fasiani

Canaweris safuZvelze Seiqmna kanonqvemdebare

qaRaldebiT vaWrobis erTaderT platfor-

normativi, romliTac ganisazRvra aRiare-

mad safondo birJa ganixileboda. garigebis

buli birJebis nusxa da am birJebze savaWrod

mxareebi, maTi kontraqtori sabrokero kom-

daSvebuli fasiani qaRaldebis saqarTveloSi

paniebis meSveobiT mxolod safondo birJaze

ganTavsebisTvis dadginda minimaluri moT-

yidulobdnen/yiddnen fasian qaRaldebs, rac

xovnebi, romlebic mxolod am fasian qaRal-

aseve garkveul sirTuleebs warmoSobda inves-

debze informaciis mopovebas gulisxmobda.

torebisTvis.

ganxorcielebis

2012 wels axalma wesma ukve gamoiwvia intere-

Semdeg investors mieca SesaZlebloba, Tavisi

si saerTaSoriso investorebis mxridan da

absoluturad

ugulebelyofda

cvlilebebis

daiwyo rigi molaparakebebi aRiarebul birJe-

fasiani qaRaldebis nomrebis miniWebas, cvli-

bze ganTavsebuli fasiani qaRaldebis emiten-

lebas da gauqmebas. regulirebis procesSi gamovlinda xarve-

tebTan saqarTvelos bazriT dainteresebisa

zebi kanonmdeblobaSi. koliziuri aspeqtebi, gan-

romlebic ukavSirdeboda administraciuli

xorcielebuli ZiriTadi cvlilebebis Semdeg,

kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebas subieqtebis da-

aqcenti kanonqvemdebare aqtebis srulyofas

jarimebis dros, ver uzrunvelyofda erovnu-

daeTmo. bazris TiToeuli monawile etapob-

li bankis uflebamosilebis srulyofilad

rivad gadavida finansuri angariSgebis saer-

gamoyenebas. 2012 wels ZalaSi Sevida axali

TaSoriso standartebze da miuxedavad dasaw-

normatiuli

yisSi arsebuli sirTuleebisa, am etapisTvis

bazris monawileebis mier SesaZlo darRveveb-

SesaZlebeli gaxda bazris monawileTa umrav-

is nusxa da is zomebi, romlebic unda iqnas

lesobis finansuri angariSebis gamoqveyneba.

gamoyenebuli aRniSnuli darRvevebis dros.

2009-2010

wlebSi

kanonmdeblobaSi

2009 wlidan aqtiurad vTanamSromlobT

romelmac

gansazRvra

2011-2012 wlebSi daiwyo angariSvaldebul

angariSebis srulyofisa da daxvewis mimarTulebiT konsultaciebi dResac grZeldeba.

aqti,

sawarmoebTan dakavSirebuli proeqtis ganxorcieleba. problemas warmoadgens moqmedi

erovnuli saidentifikacio nomrebis saagen-

sawarmoebis

mxolod

formaluri

angariS-

toTa asociaciasTan (ANNA). adre moqmedi

valdebuleba, rac 90-iani wlebis privati-

wesi axlad emitirebul fasian qaRaldebs

zaciis SedegiT aris gamowveuli. aRniSnuli

mxolod erovnul saidentifikacio nomers

sawarmoebi gankerZoebis Sedegad gardaiqmnen

aniWebda. saqarTveloSi gamoSvebuli fasiani

saaqcio sazogadoebebad, maTi fasiani qaRal-

qaRaldebi erovnuli nomriT ver ganTavs-

debi kanonis ZaliT da yovelgvari

deboda sxva qveynebis birJebze savaWrod da

nativis

emitentebi,

iZulebulni xdebodnen saqarT-

xolo privatizaciis gegma miCneul iqna emisi-

veloSi emisiis prospeqtis damtkicebis Sem-

is prospeqtad. sawarmoebis umravlesoba ar

deg miemarTaT ucxoeTSi myofi asociaciis

vaWrobs fasiani qaRaldebiT da ar atarebs

warmomadgenlebisaTvis saerTaSoriso nomris

misaRebad. 2011 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli

kompaniebi iTavseben.

banki, rogorc fasiani qaRaldebisTvis nom-

aqtebSi ganxorcielda cvlilebebi, romliTac

ris miniWebaze uflebamosili organo, gaxda

angariSgebisgan Tavisufldebodnen is kom-

erovnuli saidentifikacio nomrebis saagen-

paniebi, romlebsac bolo 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi

toTa asociaciis partniori. partniorobis

ar hqondaT navaWri safondo birJaze, hyavdaT

Taobaze gaformebuli SeTanxmebis mixedviT,

50-ze naklebi aqcioneri, an romelTa saqmiano-

erovnul banks mieniWa saerTaSoriso saiden-

bac iyo SeCerebuli, aseve is kompaniebi rom-

tifikacio nomrebis gacemis uflebamosileba.

lebic imyofebodnen

amave organizaciis daxmarebiT SesaZlebeli

da reabilitaciis reJimSi. 2012 wels saqarT-

gaxda saerTaSoriso nomrebis miniWeba saxelm-

velos mTavrobasTan erTad daigegma proeqti,

wifo fasiani qaRaldebisTvisac. SemoRebuli

romelic garda zemoaRniSnuli privilegieb-

iqna fasiani qaRaldis maidentificirebeli

isa gaiTvaliswinebda angariSvaldebul sa-

axali nomeri CFI, romelic ufro detalurad

warmoTa statusis moxsnas maTi saqmianobis,

aRwers ama Tu im fasiani qaRalis maxasiaTeb-

aqtiurobis, finansuri mdgomareobis da sxva

lebs da Tvisebebs.

faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

alter-

gareSe ganTavsda safondo birJaze,

klasikur

funqcias,

romelsac

sajaro

2010 wels normatiul

gadaxdisuunarobis an/

dReisaTvis erovnul banks aqvs wvdoma or-

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi dainerga infor-

ganizaciis sainformacio bazasTan, romlis

maciis/angariSebis warmodgenis eleqtronuli

meSveobiTac periodulad xdeba im informaci-

praqtika, 2012 wlisTvis Seiqmna srulyofili

is ganaxleba, romelic ukavSirdeba qarTuli

eleqtronuli reestri im sawarmoebis, maTi

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

da momavali partniorobis Taobaze.

101

aqcionerebis

wilobrivi

monawileobis

traluri depozitari, 10 sabrokero kompania

cvlilebis Sesaxeb, romelsac erovnul bankSi

da 2 registratori. 10 sabrokero kompaniidan

periodulad warmoadgens fasiani qaRaldebis

3 ar iyo safondo birJis wevri. registra-

damoukidebeli registratori.

torebis mier iwarmoeboda 651 saaqcio sazog-

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi damtkicda 2 sawar-

adoebis aqciaTa reestri.

mos emisiis prospeqti. ss „Telasma“ gamouSva

2012 wlis 31 dekembrisTvis moqmedi sabro-

31 281 532 cali Cveulebrivi aqcia 1 laris

kero kompaniebis aqtivebis saerTo moculobam

nominaluri RirebulebiT, xolo ss „liberTi

46.6 milioni lari Seadgina, rac 4 procentiT

bankma“ 10 000 000 cali privilegirebuli aqcia

aRemateba wina wlis monacems. 25 procentiT

0.01 laris nominaluri RirebulebiT. ss „lib-

gaizarda da 17.6 mln lari Seadgina valde-

erTi bankis“ aqciebis SeTavazebis dasruleba

bulebebis

2013 wlis ivnisSi igegmeba.

saerTo moculobam 29 mln lari Seadgina, rac

2012 wlis bolosTvis saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis bazarze saqmianobas eweoda

saerTo

moculobam.

kapitalis

2011 wlis analogiur monacemTan SedarebiT 5 procentiT aris Semcirebuli.

1 safondo birJa, 1 fasiani qaRaldebis cencxrili N 4.1 sabrokero kompaniebis aqtivoba (2012w)

sabrokero kompaniis dasaxeleba „bi ji kapitali“

319

moculoba

sesxis rezervi

49,049,326

728,245,157

Sps „liberTi siqiuriTiz“

163

6,014,323

117,276

1,007,735

38,789

Sps „Tbilinterkapitali“

342,735

21,000

Sps „qarTu brokeri“

100,195

5,875

Sps „Tibisi brokeri“

17,103

1,130

Sps „abbi aset menejmenti“

–

Sps „mena fainanSial servisis end teqnolojis“

–

Sps „stoqs“

–

Sps „saqarTvelos sainvesticio jgufi +“

–

Sps „kaukazus fainenSial servisis“

–

545

56,531,417

728,429,228

sabrokero kompania „kaukasus kapital jgufi“

sul

wyaro: saqarTvelos safondo birJa

diagrama N 4.8 sabrokero kompaniebis mTliani aqtivebis, valdebulebebis da kapitalis monacemebi 2007-2012 50 45 40 35

mln lari

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

garigebis raodenoba

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2007

aqtivebi

2008

2009

valdebulebebi

2010

2011

2012

kapitali wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

102

2012

wlis

monacemebiT,

sabrokero kompaniebis mier birJaze dadebul

saqarTvelos safondo birJis sistemaSi daS-

da dafiqsirebul garigebaTa Rirebulebam

vebuli iyo 133 emitentis fasiani qaRaldi.

728.4 mln lari Seadgina.

saangariSo

dekembris

qaRaldebis

2011 wlis analogiur monacemebTan Seda-

garigebaTa saerTo odenobam 735.6 mln lari

periodSi

fasiani

rebiT, fasiani qaRaldebiT dadebul garige-

Seadgina (59 mln cali). aqedan, birJis savaW-

baTa Rirebuleba 38-jer gaizarda, xolo mo-

ro sesiaze daido 8.8 mln laris garigeba,

culoba 1.73-jer Semcirda. aRsaniSnavia, rom

xolo birJis gareT 726.7 mln laris garigeba.

birJaze ganxorcielebuli garigebebis odeno-

dafiqsirebul garigebaTa saerTo moculoba-

ba Seadgenda 339-s, xolo arasabirJo garige-

Si, registratorebis mier birJaze dafiqsire-

bebisa 538-s, rac metyvelebs bazris monawi-

bul garigebaTa moculobas 9 procenti, xolo

leebis mxridan arasabirJo garigebebisTvis

Rirebulebas 43 procenti uWiravs (moculo-

upiratesobis miniWebaze.

biT – 8 mln cali, RirebulebiT – 7 mln lari). diagrama N 4.9 vaWrobis ZiriTadi maCveneblebi 2007-2012 3,500

800

3,000

700

milioni

500 2,000 400

mln lari

600

2,500

1,500 300 1,000

200

500

0 2007

2008

2009

moculoba (marcxena RerZi)

2010

2011

2012

Rirebuleba (marjvena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos safondo birJa

cxrili N 4.2 krebsiTi informacia vaWrobis ZiriTadi maCveneblebis mixedviT (2011-2012 ww)

garigebebis raodenoba weli

2012

2011

sabirJo

339

arasabirJo

538

sul

877

fasiani qaRaldebis moculoba

fasiani qaRaldebis Rirebuleba (lari)

2012

2011

2012

2011

860

9,950,399

12,077,996

8,847,355

2,503,704

421

49,101,717

90,352,271

726,721,480

16,840,554

1,281

59,052,116

102,430,267

735,568,835

19,344,258

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

100

wyaro: saqarTvelos safondo birJa

103

diagrama N 4.10 sabirJo da arasabirJo garigebebis raodenoba wlebis mixedviT 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2007

2008

arasabirJo

2009

2010

2011

2012

sabirJo wyaro: saqarTvelos safondo birJa

2012 wels fasiani qaRaldebis centralur depozitarSi deponirebuli iyo 17.4 mln fasiani qaRaldi da 22.6 mln laris fuladi saxsrebi. diagrama N 4.11 deponirebuli fasiani qaRaldebi (2012 w) 60

9,000 8,000 7,000

aTasi lari

6,000 5,000 4,000

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

3,000

2,000 1,000 0

0 I

III

VII

VIII

XII

Tve tranzaqciebis raodenoba (marjvena RerZi)

brunva (marcxena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis centraluri depozitari

diagrama N 4.12 centralur depozitarSi deponirebuli fasiani qaRaldebis brunva wlebis mixedviT (2008-2012) 100 90 80 70

milioni

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2008

104

2009

2010

2011

2012

wyaro: saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis centraluri depozitari

diagrama N 4.13 deponirebuli fuladi saxsrebi (2012w) 40

10,000 9,000 8,000

aTasi lari

7,000 6,000 20

5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0

0 I

III

VII

VIII

XII

Tve tranzaqciebis raodenoba (marjvena RerZi)

brunva (marcxena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis centraluri depozitari

diagrama N 4.14 centralur depozitarSi deponirebuli fuladi saxsrebis brunva wlebis mixedviT (2008-2012) 140 120

80 60 40 20 0 2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

wyaro: saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis centraluri depozitari

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

milioni

100

105

diagrama N 4.15 krebsiTi informacia 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi dadebuli garigebis RirebulebaTa procentuli maCveneblis Sesaxeb emitentebis mixedviT

99%

diagrama N 4.16 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi arasabirJo garigebebis RirebulebaTa procentuli maCvenebeli emitentebis mixedviT

diagrama N 4.17 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi savaWro sesiebze dadebuli garigebebis RirebulebaTa procentuli maCvenebeli emitentebis mixedviT

1.5%

99%

97.9%

saqarTvelos banki: 727,146,505 lari

saqarTvelos banki: 718,488,379 lari

saqarTvelos banki: 8,658,126 lari

sxva: 8,422,331 lari

sxva: 8,233,101 lari

liberTi banki: 131,527 lari sxva: 57,702 lari

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos safondo birJa

106

4.4 სხვა ფინანსური ინსტიტუტები

2012 wlis bolosTvis mikrosafinanso organizaciebis mTliani aqtivebi 2011 wlis mo-

012 wlis 31 dekembrisaTvis safinanso

sferos sxva monawileebs warmoadgenda 18 sakredito kavSiri, 62 mikrosafinanso

organizacia, 964 valutis gadamcvleli punqti da 34 fuladi gzavnilebis ganmaxorcielebeli piri.

nacemebTan SedarebiT 53 procentiT gaizarda da

678.9 mln lari Seadgina. 61 procentiT

gaizarda da 508,3 milioni lari Seadgina mTlianma

valdebulebebma,

xolo

mTliani

kapitalis odenobam 170.6 milioni lari Seadgina, rac wina welTan SedarebiT 33 procentiani zrdis Sedegia.

diagrama N 4.18 mikrosafinanso organizaciebis mTliani aqtivebi, valdebulebebi, kapitali da mTliani valdebulebebis dinamika aqtivebTan mimarTebaSi

800

76%

700

75%

mln lari

600

74%

500 73% 400 72% 300 71%

200

70%

100 0

69% 2010

2011

2012 I

mTliani aqtivebi

2012 II

2012 III

2012 IV

mTliani kapitali

mTliani valdebulebebi

mT. vald. dinamika aqtivebTan mimarTebaSi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

mTliani aqtivebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan komponents warmoadgens wminda sesxebi. diagrama N 4.19 sesxebis zrdis dinamika aqtivebTan mimarTebaSi 800

400

200

0 2010

2011

mTliani aqtivebi

2012 I

2012 II

2012 III

2012 IV

wminda sesxebi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

mikrosafinanso

organizaciebis

mTliani

sakredito portfeli 2011 wlis monacemTan SedarebiT gaizarda 48.7 procentiT da 518.5 mln lari Seadgina igi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia sami seqtoriT:

1. vaWroba da momsaxureba – 139.5 mln lari (portfelis 27 procenti); 2. soflis meurneoba da metyeveoba –143.2 mln lari (portfelis 27.6 procenti); 3. samomxmareblo sesxebi – 176.9 mln lari

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

mln lari

600

(portfelis 34.1 procenti).

107

diagrama N 4.20 mTliani portfelis struqtura 600

mln lari

500

400 300 200 100

138

150

177

49 102

117 105

120

127

143

92 105

112

119

124

140

0 2011

2012 I

2012 II

2012 III

vaWroba da momsaxureba

soflis meurneoba da metyeveoba

samomxmareblo sesxebi

sxva

2012 IV

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

periodebis mixedviT aqtivebis zrda mniSvnelovanwilad ganpirobebulia valdebule-

safinanso organizaciebidan moziduli saxsrebis akumulirebiT aris gamowveuli.

bebis matebiT, rac ZiriTadad ararezidenti

diagrama N 4.21 nasesxebi saxsrebis struqtura, ararezidenti organizaciebidan da fizikuri pirebidan moziduli resursebis dinamika 500 34% 400

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

mln lari

32%

108

300

30%

200

28%

100

26% 24%

0 2011

2012 I

2012 II

2012 III

2012 IV

sxva

sesxebi fizikuri pirebidan

sesxebi ararezidenti finansuri institutebidan

fiz. pir. xvedriTi wili (marjvena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

mniSvnelovania, rom 2012 wels garkveul-

zemoaRniSnuli parametrebis zrda, bazri-

wilad gaizarda fizikuri pirebidan mozi-

saTvis SeTavazebul produqtebze arsebuli

duli saxsrebis wilobrivi maCvenebeli. sxva

maRali marJebis fonze, pirdapirproporciu-

nasesxebi saxsrebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia

lad aisaxa sistemis momgebianobis maCveneb-

rezidenti bankebidan moziduli saxsrebiT.

lebze (ROE, ROA).

diagrama N 4.22 mikrosafinanso organizaciebis momgebianobis maCveneblebi (ROE, ROA) 34%

10% 33.1%

32% 8.8%

30% 8% 7.6%

28%

27.1% 26%

6.7% 6.2%

24%

23.8%

22%

22.0%

20%

4% 2009

2010

ROE (marcxena RerZi)

2011

2012

ROA (marjvena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

unda aRiniSnos, rom erovnuli banki sistematurad muSaobs sakanonmdeblo inicia-

ganviTarebas da misi maregulirebeli normatiuli bazis daxvewas.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

tivebze, romelic miznad isaxavs am seqtoris

109

5 საგადახდო სისტემები

xurebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoniT ga-

2011 wlebSi gatarebuli reformis Se-

nisazRvra, rom „gadamxdeli pasuxismgebelia

degad

sagadaxdo

moparuli an dakarguli sagadaxdo instru-

da fasiani qaRaldebis angariSsworebis ax-

mentiT an misi ukanono miTvisebiT an ukanono

sistema (GPSS), marTvis Tanamedrove

gamoyenebiT gamowveuli, saqarTvelos teri-

ali

qveyanaSi

maRalteqnologiuri

dainerga

sistema

toriaze ganxorcielebuli araavtorizebuli

iZleva SesaZleblobas, qveyanaSi ganxorcile-

operaciis Sedegad warmoSobili zianisTvis

buli bankTaSorisi angariSsworeba Sesruldes

ara umetes 100 larisa“ garda im SemTxvevebi-

kidev ufro usafrTxod

da swrafad. saan-

sa, rodesac miyenebuli zarali gamowveulia

gariSo periodSi gagrZelda muSaoba sagadax-

gadamxdelis (momxmarebeli) danaSaulebrivi

do sistemebis funqcionirebisa da sagadaxdo

qmedebiT an amave kanoniT gansazRvruli sa-

momsaxurebis

samarT-

gadaxdo instrumentTan dakavSirebuli val-

mimarTulebiT.

debulebebis daucvelobiT. kerZod, momxmare-

kerZod, ZalaSi Sevida saqarTvelos kanoni

beli valdebulia sagadaxdo instrumentis

„sagadaxdo sistemisa da sagadaxdo momsax-

dakargvis, moparvis, ukanono miTvisebis an

urebis Sesaxeb“. aRniSnuli kanoniT sagadaxdo

ukanono gamoyenebis faqtis aRmoCenis Sem-

bazris yvela monawilisaTvis ganisazRvra er-

TxvevaSi misi aRmoCenidan umokles vadaSi

Tiani samarTlebrivi CarCo maTi saqmianobis

Seatyobinos amis Taobaze Tavis sagadaxdo

ganxorcielebisaTvis, Seiqmna samarTlebrivi

momsaxurebis provaiders an am provaideris

safuZveli rogorc sistemuri, likvidobisa

mier gansazRvrul pirs. am Setyobinebis Sem-

da sakredito riskebis marTvis mxriv. miRebu-

deg

li kanoni SesamCnevad aZlierebs momxmarebel-

miyenebuli zaralis anazRaurebis pasuxis-

Ta dacvis meqanizmebs sagadaxdo momsaxurebis

mgeblobisgan, xolo amgvar Setyobinebamde

urTierTobebSi. am mxriv erT-erTi mniSvnelo-

warmoSobil zarals 100 laris zemoT anazRa-

vani siaxlea sagadaxdo instrumentebiT (maT

urebs sagadaxdo momsaxurebis provaideri.

lebrivi

meqanizmebiT.

ganxorcielebisaTvis

bazis

srulyofis

Soris sagadaxdo baraTebiT) ganxorcielebuli araavtorizebuli operaciebis Sedegad miyenebuli zaralis anazRaurebis sakiTxebis dare-

momxmarebeli

srulad

Tavisufldeba

RTGS sistemaSi ganxorcielebuli operaciebis statistika 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi drois realur angariSsworebis (RTGS)

gulireba. aseTi tranzaqciebiT gamowveuli

reJimSi

zaralis anazRaureba kanonis miRebamde xor-

ganxorcielda 11.2 mln gadaxdis operacia,

cieldeboda

momxmarebels

Tanxobrivi maCvenebliT 126 miliardi lari.

Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebis da agreTve

gadaricxvebis brunvis saSualo dRiuri maC-

saerTaSoriso sabaraTe sistemebis wesebisa

venebeli Seadgenda 44.3 aTas sabuTs, Tanxob-

da procedurebis mixedviT. Sesabamisad ar ar-

rivad 498.9 mln lars. 2011 welTan SedarebiT

sebobda erTiani midgoma uflebebis,

RTGS

provaidersa

valde-

sistemaSi

gadaricxvebis

sistemaSi

raodenoba

bulebebisa da pasuxismgeblobis ganawilebis

gaizarda 889 aTasiT (8.7 procentiT), xolo

mxriv.

Tanxobrivi maCvenebeli gaizarda 44.7 miliar-

„sagadaxdo sistemisa da sagadaxdo momsa-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

aqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier 2010-

di lariT (55.3 procentiT).

111

1,400

1,200

1,000

Tanxa (mlrd. lari)

noemberi

ivnisi

maisi

dekemberi

200

oqtomberi

seqtemberi

400

agvisto

ivlisi

600

aprili

marti

800

Tebervali

aTasi operacia

ianvari

mlrd lari

diagrama N 5.1 RTGS sistemaSi ganxorcielebuli gadaricxvebi (2012 weli)

raodenoba (aTasi) wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 5.2 RTGS sistemaSi ganxorcielebuli gadaricxvebi (2002-2012 weli) 140

120

10 8

80 6 60 4

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

milioni operacia

mlrd lari

100

20 0

0 2002

2003

2004

Tanxa (mlrd. lari)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

raodenoba (milioni) wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

RTGS sistema asrulebs umniSvnelovanes

Seexeba unaRdo gadaxdebis raodenobriv maCve-

rols rogorc maRali Tanxobrivi moculobis,

neblebs, RTGS sistema am mxrivac mniSvnelovan

aseve mcire moculobis (sacalo) gadaxdebis

rols TamaSobs – misi meSveobiT xorcieldeba

kuTxiT. 2012 wels erovnuli bankis RTGS sis-

unaRdo gadaxdebis saerTo raodenobis 24

temiT damuSavda saqarTveloSi ganxorcie-

procenti, Tumca am maCvenebliT is CamorCeba

lebuli tranzaqciebis saerTo brunvis (Tanx-

rogorc bankebis Sida gadaxdebs (37 procen-

obrivi sididis) 72.3 procenti. aRniSnuli

ti), aseve baraTebiT gadaxdebs (38 procenti).

sul mcire 4-jer aRemateba unaRdo gadaxdeb-

aRsaniSnavia, rom ucxouri valutiT ganxor-

isaTvis saqarTveloSi gamoyenebul nebismier

cielebuli unaRdo gadaxdebi saqarTvelos

sxva sistemas/saSualebas

da amgvarad fi-

nansuri resursebis Seuferxebeli moZraobis

teritoriaze tradiciulad umniSvnelo rols TamaSobs.

erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi saSualebaa. rac 25. garda qveyanaSi arsebuli sagadaxdo sistemebisa, bankebi saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi unaRdo angariSsworebisaTvis aseve iyeneben pirdapir sakorespondento urTierTobebsac. gansakuTrebiT es exeba ucxouri valutiT gadaricxvebs.

112

diagrama N 5.3 gadaxdis operaciebi sagadaxdo sistemebisa da maTi Sesrulebis sxva saSualebebis mixedviT (2012 w.) raodenobrivad

Tanxobrivad

0.46% 6.30%

0.59% 0.06%

0.33%

38.31%

14.98%

0.02% 37.46% 72.30%

gadaxdebi RTGS sistemiT bankebis sakor. gadaxdebi lariT

bankebis Sida gadaxdebi lariT ucxouri valutiT gadaricxvebi

gadaxdebi sabaraTe sistemiT

ucxouri valutiT ararez. bankebis gamoyenebiT

SeniSvna: ucx. valutiT ararez. bankebis gamoyenebiT gadaricxva moicavs rezidenti bankebis klientebs Soris gadaricxvas, romlis mixedviTac bankebs Soris saboloo angariSsworeba ganxorcielda ararezident bankebSi arsebuli sakorespondento angariSebiT.

unaRdo

formiT

Sesrulebisas

23.56%

RTGS

gadaxdis sistemis

operaciebis

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

eleqtronuli sagadaxdo instrumentebi

zemoaRniSnu-

saqarTveloSi momxmarebeli unaRdo gadax-

li rolidan gamomdinare, didi mniSvneloba

debis gansaxorcieleblad sul ufro metad

eniWeba mis uwyvet funqcionirebas. (2012 wlis

iyenebs eleqtronul saSualebebs (sagadaxdo

ganmavlobaSi sistemis uwyvetobis maCvenebeli

baraTebs, internet-bankings da sxva). 2012

Seadgenda 99.8 procents)

wels, wina wlis msgavsad momxmareblebis mier

saerTaSoriso sabanko angariSis nomeri – IBAN

gamoyenebuli

sagadaxdo

instrumentebidan

wamyvan rols TamaSobs sagadaxdo baraTebi

2010 wlis maisidan saqarTvelos komerci-

(maTze modis ganxorcielebuli gadaxdis op-

ulma bankebma daiwyes TavianTi momxmareble-

eraciebis raodenobis 47.5 procenti). Seda-

bis

angariSebis IBAN

formatSi

gadayvana,

rebiT mcire tempiT gaizarda internetis

Tumca gadaxdis operaciebis ganxorcieleba

meSveobiT

SesaZlebeli iyo rogorc axali, aseve Zveli

raodenoba da wlis jamuri SedegebiT 22 pro-

formatis angariSebiT.

centi Seadgina mTlian unaRdo gadaxdebSi.

ganxorcielebuli

tranzaqciebis

2013 wlis 1 ianvridan saqarTvelos teri-

aRsaniSnavia, rom am eleqtronuli instru-

toriaze sabanko gadaxdis operaciebi xorci-

mentebiT gadaxdebis wilis zrda ZiriTadad

eldeba mxolod IBAN formatis angariSebiT.

qaRaldiT wardgenili sakredito sagadax-

aRsaniSnavia, rom IBAN angariSebis gamoyenebis

do davalebebis xarjze moxda. Tanxobrivi

SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba angari-

maCveneblebiT internet-bankiT iniciirebu-

Sis nomris SecdomiT miTiTebis albaToba da

li davalebis safuZvelze ganxorcielebuli

gadaxdis operaciis Tanxis mimRebis angariSze

gadaxdebi unaRdo gadaxdis operaciebs Soris

asaxvis xangrZlivoba.

lideria (misi wili Seadgens 53 procents ix.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

5.63%

diagrama N 5.4).

113

diagrama N 5.4 unaRdo gadaxdebis ganawileba sagadaxdo davalebis inicirebis saSualebebis mixedviT, 2012 weli raodenobrivad

Tanxobrivad

53.0%

21.6% 4.2%

1.2%

47.5% 21.3%

39.3% 1.4% 0.0%

8.2%

2.1%

internet bankingi telefoni/mobiluri bankingi

sagadasaxado baraTi sxva eleqtr. saSualeba

qaRaldiT sakredito sagadasaxado davaleba

sadebeto davaleba

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

distanciuri sabanko momsaxureba

saprocesingo centris saSualebiT, saidanac

saqarTveloSi momxmareblebisaTvis distan-

4 mdebareobs saqarTvelos teritoriaze (2013

ciurad sabanko momsaxurebis miReba xelmi-

wlis dasawyisSive maT ricxvs daemata kidev

sawvdomi 2000 wlidan gaxda, rasac specialu-

erTi adgilobrivi saprocesingo centri).

ri programa „klienti-banki“ uzrunvelyofda.

2012 wlis bolosTvis saqarTveloSi gamoS-

paralelurad bankebma distanciuri momsa-

vebuli sagadaxdo baraTebis raodenobam 4.9

xurebis axali saSualebebis, kerZod, inter-

mln-s miaRwia. wlis bolos maCvenebliT erT

net-bankingis da telefon-bankingis SemuSaveba

sul mosaxleze gamoSvebulia 1.1

daiwyes, romelic bazarze 2001 wlidan gamoCn-

baraTi. 2011 wlis dekembris TvesTan Sedare-

da. bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi internet ban-

biT gamoSvebuli baraTebis raodenobis zrdam

kingma nawilobriv Caanacvla klienti-bankis

Seadgina 24 procenti. TiTqmis ar Secvlila

servisi. dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi distanci-

Tanafardoba sakredito da sadebeto baraTebs

uri momsaxurebis saSualebebiT mosargeble

Soris. sakredito baraTebi Seadgens sul ga-

klientebis raodenoba 750 aTasze metia.

sagadaxdo

moSvebuli baraTebis 15% procents. Tumca

sagadaxdo baraTebi

gasuli wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT

2012 wels saqarTveloSi arsebuli 19 komer-

sakredito baraTebis raodenoba gaizarda 218

ciuli bankidan sagadaxdo baraTebs uSvebda

aTasiT, rac procentulad Seadgens 37 pro-

16 banki. sagadaxdo baraTebiT Sesrulebuli

cents. 2007-2012 wlebSi gamoSvebuli bara-

operaciebis damuSaveba xdeboda 6 sabaraTe

Tebis dinamika naCvenebia diagrama N 5.5-ze.

26. distanciuri momsaxurebis saSualebebiT mosargeble unikaluri klientebis ricxvi savaraudod ufro mcirea, radganac erTi da igive piri SesaZlebelia sargeblobdes ramdenime bankis distanciuri momsaxurebiT.

114

diagrama N 5.5 gamoSvebuli sagadaxdo baraTebis raodenoba, 2007 – 2012 5,000

aTasi

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0 2007

2008

sakredito baraTi

2009

2010

sadebeto baraTi

2011

2012

sul

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi VISA baraTebis wi-

Express-is baraTebis wili darCa ucvleli (3

li sul gamoSvebul baraTebSi Semcirda 8

procenti). 2012 wlis agvistos Tvidan aqti-

procentiT da wlis bolosTvis Seadgina 76

urad daiwyo MasterCard-is brendis ukontaqto

procenti, xolo MasterCard baraTebisa da lo-

baraTebis gamoSveba. aseve funqcionirebs wi-

kaluri baraTebis wilebi gaizarda 4 procen-

naswari gadaxdis baraTebic.

tiT da 3 procentiT Sesabamisad. American-

VISA, 76% MC, 11% AmEx, 3%

lokaluri, 10%

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi moq-

aqedan mxolod 3 procenti raodenobrivad

medi komerciuli bankebis mier gamoSvebuli

da 6 procenti Tanxobrivad Sesrulda sazR-

sagadaxdo baraTebiT rogorc qveynis SigniT,

vargareT. 2011 welTan SedarebiT, 2012 wels

aseve mis farglebs gareT sul ganxorcielda

sabaraTe operaciebis raodenoba gaizarda 14

58 mln operacia 7.7 mlrd laris moculobiT,

procentiT, xolo Tanxa 9 procentiT.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

diagrama N 5.6 gamoSvebuli baraTebi sabaraTe sistemebis mixedviT

115

diagrama N 5.7 saqarTveloSi gamoSvebuli baraTebiT ganxorcielebuli tranzaqciebi wlebis mixedviT (2007-2012) 10

6 40 4

mln operacia

mlrd lari

0 2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

raodenoba (marjvena RerZi)

Tanxa (marcxena RerZi)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

2012 wels qarTuli sagadaxdo baraTebiT

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

ganxorcielebuli

operaciebis

daxdis operaciebi gaizarda 56 procentiT ra-

raodenobis

odenobrivad da 44 procentiT Tanxobrivad,

mxolod 34 procenti, xolo Tanxis 14 pro-

roca naRdi Tanxis gatanis operciebi gaizar-

centi modis savaWro/momsaxurebis obieqtebSi

da umniSvnelod (0.01 procentiT raodenobri-

Sesrulebul gadaxdebze. 2011 welTan Sedare-

vad da 4.97 procentiT Tanxobrivad).

biT 2012 wels sagadaxdo baraTebiT savaWro/

ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi savaWro/

momsaxurebis obieqtebSi gadaxdis wili sul

momsaxurebis obieqtebSi arsebuli pos-termi-

baraTebiT

tranzaqciebSi

nalebis qseli ufro swrafad izrdeba banko-

gaizarda 9 procentuli punqtiT raodenobri-

matebisa da bankis filialebSi ganlagebuli

vad da 3 procentuli punqtiT Tanxobrivad.

pos-terminalebTan SedarebiT. diagrama N 5.8-

aseve, aRsaniSnavia rom 2012 wels wina welTan

ze naCvenebia sagadaxdo baraTebis momsaxure

SedarebiT savaWro/momsaxurebis obieqtebSi

obieqtebis statistika 2008-2012 ww-Si.

ganxorcielebul

sagadaxdo baraTebiT ganxorcielebuli gadiagrama N 5.8 sagadaxdo baraTebis mimRebi obieqtebis dinamika (2008-2012)

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2,525 -8% 2,742 +25% 2,191 1,535

+11%

1,709

6,088

-5%

5,785

1,333

+2%

1,365

bankomati

+28%

POS savaWro obieqtSi

11,119 +24%

7,164

+24%

+10%

1,500

+5%

8,914

1,568

+25%

+23%

1,935

POS bankis filialSi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

116

2012 wels miRebuli saqarTvelos kanoniT

miRebuli kanonis erT-erTi mniSvnelovan

„sagadaxdo sistemisa da sagadaxdo momsa-

siaxles gadaxdis, kliringisa da angariSs-

xurebis Sesaxeb“ ganisazRvra sagadaxdo in-

worebis sabolooba warmoadgens. saboloo-

strumentiT (maT Soris sagadaxdo baraTiT)

bis principis sakanonmdeblo uzrunvelyofa

saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli araavtori-

amcirebs sistemur riskebs da xels uwyobs

zebuli operaciis SemTxvevaSi instrumentis

sagadaxdo

mflobelisa da gamomSvebis pasuxismgeblobe-

nirebas, gansakuTrebiT ekonomikuri krisiziT

bi. sagadaxdo baraTebis moxmarebasTan dakav-

gamowveuli finansuri Sokebis daZlevis dros.

Sirebuli riskebis Semcirebis mizniT erovnu-

garda amisa, finansuri giraos cnebis SemoRe-

li bankis mier komerciul bankebTan erTad

biT sagadaxdo sistemis monawileebisaTvis

momzadda rekomendaciebi sagadaxdo baraTe-

iqmneba damatebiTi instrumentebi sakredito

bis mflobelTaTvis, romelic ganTavsda momx-

da likvidurobis riskebis marTvisaTvis.

http://nbg.gov.ge/cp/uploads/recommendation/recommendations_for_card_users.pdf

stabilur

funqcio-

2012 wels msoflio bankis mxardaWeriT mimdinareobda muSaoba proeqtis – „saqarTvelos sagadaxdo sistemebis maregulirebeli

sagadaxdo sistemebis regulireba

bazis modernizacia“ (Modernizing Payment Sys-

2012 wlis 1 ivlisidan ZalaSi Sevida saqar-

tems Regulatory Framework) farglebSi. proeqti

Tvelos kanoni „sagadaxdo sistemisa da sa-

sxva sakiTxebTan erTad moicavs samarTlebri-

gadaxdo momsaxurebis Sesaxeb“. am kanoniT

vi da maregulirebeli bazis Seqmnas inovaci-

Seiqmna erTiani sakanonmdeblo baza saqarT-

uri/sacalo sagadaxdo instrumentebisa da

velos teritoriaze sagadaxdo momsaxure-

distanciuri bankingisTvis.

bis ganxorcielebisa da sagadaxdo sistemebis

2012 wels SemuSavda sagadaxdo sistemis

funqcionirebisaTvis. kanoniT ganisazRvra sa-

operatorebisa da sagadaxdo servisis prova-

gadaxdo momsaxurebis saxeebi, sagadaxdo sis-

iderebis registraciis wesebi, ris safuZvel-

temebis, sagadaxdo momsaxurebis regulirebi-

zec daiwyo aRniSnuli pirebis registracia.

sa da zedamxedvelobis principebi, finansuri

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi erovnul bankSi da-

giraos gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTx-

registrirda 7 sagadaxdo momsaxurebis pro-

ebi da sxva.

vaideri.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

marebelTa uflebebis dacvis saitze.

sistemebis

117

6. საინფორმაციო ტექნოლოგიების განვითარება

aangariSo periodSi xorcieldeboda sa-

muSaoebi sainformacio teqnologiebis srulyofis mimarTulebiT.

mTlianoba da xelmisawvdomoba. erovnuli bankis serveruli centris sainJinro infrastruqturis gaumjobesebasa da

2012 wlis 15-17 noembers q. TbilisSi ga-

sarezervo serveruli centris mowyobaze au-

marTul kiberusafrTxoebisa da IT inovacie-

ditoruli Semowmebis araerTi rekomendaciaa

bis rigiT me-5 regionul konferenciaze (GITI

gaweuli, romelTa Tanaxmad aseve mizanSewo-

2012), saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma sam nomi-

nilia sarezervo serveruli centri moewyos

naciaSi gaimarjva - „yvelaze warmatebuli in-

ZiriTadi serveruli oTaxisagan moSorebul

frastruqturuli gadawyveta“, „saukeTeso IT

adgilas. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, erovnuli

menejmenti” da „wlis saukeTeso IT “. aRniSnuli

bankis mier warmoebuli kvlevebis, Catarebu-

konferencia teqnologiuri kuTxiT regionSi

li mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis, sxva qveynebis

erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan RonisZiebas

centralur bankebis gamocdilebis Seswavlisa

warmoadgens, romlis mTavari Tema kiberusaf-

da maqsimaluri usafrTxoebis normebis gaT-

rTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da in-

valiswinebiT, Camoyalibda Semdegi strategia:

formaciuli

erTmaneTisagan moSorebiT aigos ZiriTadi da

teqnologiebis

ganviTarebis

sarezervos serveruli centrebi, romlebic

2012 wlis dekemberSi amoqmedda erovnuli

unda moewyos „serveruli centrebis teleko-

bankis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani – naRdi fulis

munikaciebis infrastruqturis saerTaSori-

marTvis sistema. sistemis danergvis Semdeg

so standartis TIA-942“ normebis Sesabamisad,

erovnuli bankis axal sakaso centrSi naRdi

romelic warmoadgens sainformacio teqno-

fulis marTvis procesi gaxda srulad avtom-

logiebis sferoSi infrastruqturis mowyobis

atizirebuli.

yvelaze maRal standarts.

naRdi fulis marTvis sistema srulad aris

xsenebuli strategiis Sesabamisad, 2012

integrirebuli ZiriTad sabanko sistemasTan,

wels dasrulda q. TbilisSi erTmaneTisagan

rac iZleva saSualebas drois realur reJimSi

daSorebuli ori serveruli centris age-

ZiriTad sabanko sistemaSi aisaxos naRdi fu-

ba. aseve erovnulma bankma Seqmna sarezervo

lis marTvis procesTan dakavSirebuli Sesa-

centri, sadac ganTavsebulia mcire zomis

bamisi buRaltruli Canawerebi.

sarezervo serveruli centri da gaTvlilia

funqcionalis gaumjobesebis mizniT ram-

bankis yvelaze kritikuli servisebis muSao-

denime cvlileba Sevida drois realur re-

bis uzrunvelsayofad. samive serverul cen-

JimSi

trSi

angariSsworebis

sistemaSi,

romelic

gamoyenebulia

yvelaze

Tanamedrove

warmoadgens qveyanaSi bankTaSoris unaRdo an-

teqnologiebi da akmayofilebs saerTaSoriso

gariSsworebis sistemas,

fasiani qaRaldebis

standartebsa da saukeTeso gamocdilebas.

marTvis sistemaSi, romelic warmoadgens sax-

serverulma centrebma gaiares usafrTxoebis

elmwifo da erovnuli bankis fasiani qaRal-

sistemebis evropuli asociaciis (European Se-

debis depozitars, ZiriTad sabanko sistemasa

curity Systems Association) serveruli centrebis

da adamianuri resursebis marTvis sistemaSi.

sertificireba ECB-S, romelic adasturebs

zemoaRniSnuli

maT maRal saimedoobas.

cvlilebebi

ganxorcielda

erovnul bankSi arsebuli cvlilebebis marTvis politikis gaTvaliswinebiT.

aRniSnuli sertifikatis Sesabamisi standartebis

aRwerili sistemebis danergviT mniSvne-

dacvam

mniSvnelovnad

serverul

Seamcira

fizikuri

bi, gaizarda sistemebis usafrTxoeba, sta-

informaciis saimedoobis xarisxi. sxvadasxva

biluroba

gaizarda

serverul centrebSi ganTavsebul monacem-

informaciis saimedooba, konfidencialoba,

Ta sanaxebs Soris CairTo informaciis sin-

aseve

riskebi

infras-

truqturis

mdgradoba.

arsebul

centrebSi

lovnad Semcirda bankis saoperacio riske-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

mimarTulebebia.

gazarda

119

qronuli replikacia, rac saSualebas iZleva

romlis mizanic aris usafrTxoebis koncef-

or serverul centrSi drois realur reJimSi

ciis ZiriTadi pricipebis Camoyalibeba da

gvqondes erTnairi informacia.

Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi garemos Seqmnis uz-

dRis wesrigSi dadga bankis biznes uwyvetobis gegmis SemuSaveba saerTaSoriso BS

2012 wels ganxorcielda axali Tanamed-

25999 standartis Sesabamisad, romlis ganxor-

rove standartebis Sesabamisi maRalmdgradi

cielebac gasul wels ucxoeli eqspertebi da

satelefono sistemis implementacia, romelic

msoflio bankis daxmarebiT daiwyo. SemuSavda

dafuZnebulia Tanamedrove IP teqnologiaze,

riskebis Sefasebis da biznesze zegavlenis anga-

rac gacilebiT met funqcionalur SesaZleb-

riSi, romelze dafuZnebiTac amJamad muSavdeba

lobebs iZleva.

aRdgenis strategia da momavalSi unda SemuSavdes bankis biznes uwyvetobis gegma.

roekonomikuri da statistikuri monacemebis mopovebis, damuSavebisa da gavrcelebis

frTxoebis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani samuSaoebis

samuSaoTa srulyofis mizniT, gadawyda gan-

ganxorcieleba, kerZod, miRebulia gadawyve-

xorcieldes am procesebis avtomatizaciis

tileba saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi dainer-

proeqti – finansuri, makroekonomikuri da

gos ISO27001 standartis Sesabamisi infor-

statistikuri

maciuli usafrTxoebis marTvis sistema, rac

muSavebisa da gavrcelebis sistemis (sebstati)

kidev ufro gaaumjobesebs da formalizebuls

SemuSaveba da danergva. saangariSo periodSi

gaxdis bankSi monacemTa dacvis procesebs.

daiwyo aRniSnul sakiTxze muSaoba, Seiqmna

centrebSi momxmarebelTaTvis sabanko momsa-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier mak-

amave dros dagegmilia informaciuli usa-

komerciuli bankebis filialebsa da servis

120

runvelyofa.

monacemebis

mopovebis,

da-

sistemis moTxovnebis dokumenti da mimdinareobs sistemis Seqmna.

xurebis efeqtianobis amaRlebis da qaRaldis

2012

dokumentebis minimizaciis mizniT gasuli wlis

proeqtis

bolos daiwyo sacalo sabanko momsaxurebaSi

programuli uzrunvelyofa, romelic warma-

eleqtronuli dokumentisa da eleqtronuli

tebiT iqna gaSvebuli eqspluataciaSi.

xelmoweris (sign pad-is) danergvis proeqti,

wels

oqros

farglebSi

bazris

ganviTarebis

SemuSavda

Sesabamisi

7. შიდა აუდიტი და ბუღალტრული აღრიცხვა

aqarTvelos erovnuli bankis Sida audi-

tis, rogorc damoukidebeli funqciis,

gaumjobesebis programis Sesabamisad, saan-

saqmianoba saangariSo periodSi moicavda

gariSo

Sidaauditorulma

sam-

saxurma ganaxorciela saqmianobis xarisxis

momsaxurebas. erovnuli bankis saqmianobis

yovelwliuri Sida perioduli Sefaseba, sam-

ZiriTadi sferoebis operaciul garemoSi axa-

saxuris saqmianobis Sida auditis profesiuli

li sainformacio sistemebis danergvis gaT-

praqtikis saerTaSoriso standartebisa da

valiswinebiT, Sidaauditorulma samsaxurma

eTikis kodeqsis moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis

ganaaxla saqmianobis grZelvadiani dagegmvis

dadgenis mizniT. Sida perioduli Sefasebis

meTodologia, SeimuSava marwmunebeli da sa-

farglebSi, gamovlenili gaumjobesebis po-

konsultacio momsaxurebaTa wliuri gegmebi,

tenciali aisaxa saTanado rekomendaciebSi,

romelTa Sesabamisadac samsaxurma warmarTa

romelic emsaxureba marwmunebeli momsaxure-

saqmianoba saangariSo wlis manZilze.

bis dagegmvis, auditoruli SerCevis teqnikisa

komitetTan

SeTanxmebuli

da angariSgebis procesis Semdgom srulyo-

erovnuli bankis sabWos mier damtkicebuli

fas, profesiuli standartebis da saukeTeso

2012 wlis Sidaauditoruli Semowmebebisa da

praqtikis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

mimoxilvebis gegmis Sesabamisad, saangariSo

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

periodSi,

rogorc marwmunebel, aseve sakonsultacio

auditis

saqmianobis Semdgomi formalizaciisa da

periodSi ganxorcielda 27 Tematuri Semow-

meTodologiuri

meba da mimoxilva. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis

Sidaauditorulma samsaxurma SeimuSava „Sida-

farglebSi momzadda Sesabamisi auditoru-

auditoruli samsaxuris mier gaweuli geg-

li Sefasebebi calkeuli biznes-procesebis

miuri marwmunebeli momsaxurebis Sedegebis

mixedviT riskebis marTvis, Sida kontrolis

angariSgebis politikisa da procedurebis“

meqanizmebis adekvaturobisa da mareglamen-

da „SerCeviTi auditoruli Semowmebis me-

tirebeli normatiuli bazis moTxovnebTan

Todologiuri saxelmZRvanelos“ proeqtebi.

Sesabamisobis Taobaze. sakonsultacio man-

aseve, Sidaauditorulma samsaxurma qarTul

datis farglebSi, biznes-procesebis optimi-

enaze Targmna Sida auditorTa institutis

zaciis mizniT, saangariSo periodis manZilze,

mier gamocemuli „Sida auditis profesiuli

operaciuli menejmentis mier warmodgenili

praqtikis

saerTaSoriso standartebis“ ga-

proeqtebis mixedviT, gaweul iqna Sesabamisi

naxlebuli

versia, romelic ZalaSi Sevida

konsultaciebi.

2013 wlis ianvridan.

uzrunvelyofis

mizniT,

Sidaauditoruli samsaxuri agrZelebda

saangariSo periodSi grZeldeboda muSaoba

marwmunebeli momsaxurebis procesSi gaweuli

buRaltruli aRricxvis operaciebis avtoma-

rekomendaciebis

tizaciis Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da srul-

implementaciis

procesze

monitoringsa da yovelkvartalur angariSge-

yofis

bas. aseve, xorcieldeboda gare auditoruli

dasrulda „naRdi fulis marTvis modulis“

kompaniis mier erovnuli bankisaTvis gaweuli

programuli uzrunvelyofis danergvis samu-

rekomendaciebisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto

Saoebis pirveli etapi, romlis saSualebiTac

fondis „usafrTxoebis meqanizmebis“ Sefaseb-

SesaZlebeli gaxda warmoebuli operaciebis

is bolo angariSiT gaTvaliswinebuli reko-

buRaltruli aRricxvis sruli avtomatizacia.

mendaciebis Sesrulebis mdgomareobis monitoringi.

122

saqmianobis xarisxis uzrunvelyofisa da

mimarTulebiT.

kerZod,

warmatebiT

8. საკასო-საემისიო სამუშაოების ორგანიზაცია

ulis niSnebiT ekonomikis moTxovnis

dadgenili wesiT damuSavebas, eqspertizis

Seuferxebeli

saqmianobis

dakmayofilebis

uz-

runvelsayofad, saangariSo periodSi

xorcieldeboda samuSaoebi, romelic miznad

gaumjobesebas,

mimoqcevisTvis

uvargisi laris banknotebis ganadgurebasa da normatiuli bazis daxvewas.

isaxavda fulis niSnebis damzadebis, Semo-

2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, mi-

tanis, Senaxvis da emisiasTan dakavSirebuli

moqcevaSi arsebuli naRdi fulis odenobam

saqmianobis regulirebas, mimoqcevaSi arsebu-

1.92 mlrd lari Seadgina. maT Soris bank-

li banknotebisa da monetebis xarisxis amaR-

notebma – 1.86 mlrd lari, xolo monetebma

lebas, saemisio laris banknotebis/monetebisa

– 55 mln lari (diagrama N 8.1).

da mimoqcevidan amoRebuli fulis niSnebis diagrama N 8.1 mimoqcevaSi arsebuli naRdi fuli (dekemberi, 2012)

0.17%

0.17% 2.86%

2.86%

6.24%

6.08% 13.35 %

1 lari 2 lari 5 lari 10 lari

46.97 %

21.30 %

20 lari 50 lari 100 lari 200 lari monetebi

saangariSo periodSi, mimoqcevaSi naRdi fulis moculoba wlis dasawyisTan SedarebiT 164.5 mln lariT, anu 9.4 procentiT gaizarda (diagrama N 8.2). diagrama N 8.2 naRdi fuli mimoqcevaSi (2011-2012 wlebi) 2,500 1,999 2,000

1,822 1,566

1,529

1,543

1,535

1,523

1,606

1,430

1,467

1,596

seqtemberi

1,436

1,581

agvisto

1,395

1,537

ivlisi

1,444

1,808

1,603

1,555

1,754

ivnisi

1,475

1,918

1,855

1,686

1,500

maisi

mln lari

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

1,000

500

2011

124

dekemberi

noemberi

oqtomberi

aprili

marti

Tebervali

ianvari

2012 wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

notebis raodenoba 158.6 mln lariT gaizarda

raciebis aRricxvis avtomatizirebuli sistemebis danergvas.

da mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis mTlian mo-

axali saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesa-

culobaSi misma xvedriTma wilma 97.1 pro-

bamisi sakaso centris aSenebiT, sacavebis

centi Seadgina. aRniSnul periodSi mimoqce-

Sesabamisi materialur-teqnikuri baziT aR-

vaSi maRali nominalis (10, 20, 50, 100 da 200

WurviTa da sakaso-saemisio operaciebis aR-

laris nominalis) banknotebis raodenoba 9.2

ricxvis avtomatizirebuli sistemebis dan-

procentiT gaizarda, aseve gaizarda mimoqce-

ergviT SesaZlebeli gaxda: fulis niSnebis

vaSi 5 laris nominalis banknotebis raodeno-

mwarmoeblebisagan, komerciuli bankebisa da

ba 13 procentiT, xolo 1 da 2 laris nomina-

sxva klienturisagan naRdi fulis miRebis,

lis banknotebis raodenoba mimoqcevaSi wlis

gadaTvla-daxarisxebis, eqspertizis, ganad-

ganmavlobaSi

2.7 procentiT Semcirda. rac

gurebis, Senaxvis, dacvisa da klienturaze

mimoqcevaSi 1 da 2 laris nominalis

fulis niSnebis gacemis saqmianobis saer-

monetebis odenobas, saangariSo periodSi igi

TaSoriso standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moy-

13.7 procentiT gaizarda da wlis bolos 33.6

vana; komerciuli bankebis momsaxurebis donis

mln lari Seadgina.

gaumjobeseba, rac gulisxmobs rogorc naRdi

Seexeba

aqve aRsaniSnavia, mimoqcevaSi 2011 welTan

fulis miReba-gacemis operaciebis, ise sain-

SedarebiT erovnuli valutis xurda fulis -

kasacio

saqmianobis

daxvewa-gaumjobesebas;

„TeTris“ 10.2 procentiT zrdis faqti (2011

qveynis mTel teritoriaze ekonomikis fulis

wels mimoqcevaSi xurda fulis zrdis maC-

niSnebiT uzrunvelyofis, mimoqcevis arxebis

venebeli wina welTan SedarebiT 8.5 procents

moZvelebuli da yalbi fulisagan gawmendis

Seadgenda).

saqmianobis daxvewa da Sesabamisad larisadmi

naRdi fuliT qveynis ekonomikis Seufer-

mosaxleobis ndobis gamyareba; sakaso opera-

xebeli miwodebis mizniT, saangariSo period-

ciebTan dakavSirebuli personalis Sromis

Si grZeldeboda samuSaoebi erovnuli bankis

pirobebis maqsimaluri gaumjobeseba.

sarezervo maragebis laris banknotebiTa da

2011 welTan SedarebiT, gaizarda naRdi fu-

monetebiT Sesavsebad. aseve, 2012 wels gan-

lis brunvebi. kerZod, Semosavlebma erovnuli

xorcielda oqros zodebis dasamzadeblad

valutiT

Sesabamisi partnioris SerCevisa da masTan

procentiT aRemateba wina wlis Semosavlebs,

xelSekrulebis gaformebis samuSaoebi.

xolo gasavlebma – 3.44 mlrd lari, rac 3.5

saqarTvelos

erovnul

bankSi

Seadgina 3.28 mlrd lari, rac 2.8

salaros

procentiT aRemateba 2011 wlis gasavlebs.

meurneobis srulyofis, misi teqnikuri mo-

aRniSnul periodSi ucxouri valutis Semosav-

dernizaciisa da masTan dakavSirebuli riske-

lebma 54 mln aSS dolari da 1.7 mln evro,

bis optimizaciis mizniT, saangariSo peri-

xolo gasavlebma 500 aTasi aSS dolari da 1

odSi intensiuri samuSaoebi mimdinareobda

mln evro Seadgina. amasTan, sazRvargareTidan

fulis niSnebis miReba-gacemis, daxarisxeba-

inkasirebuli Tanxebis moculobam 1.5 mlrd

damuSavebis, maTi usafrTxod ganTavsebisa

lari da 50 mln aSS dolari Seadgina.

da mimoqcevisaTvis uvargisi fulis niSnebis

saangariSo periodSi, mimoqcevaSi naRdi

ganadgurebis sakiTxebis kompleqsuri gadawy-

fulis masis zrdis paralelurad, mcirediT

vetis mimarTulebiT. aRniSnuli, erTis mxriv,

gaizarda mimoqcevidan amoRebul laris bank-

gulisxmobda

Sesabamisi,

notebSi moZvelebuli banknotebis procen-

usafrTxoebis Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT

tuli maCvenebeli. kerZod, Tu 2011 wels

aRWurvili axali sakaso centris aSenebas,

moZvelebuli laris banknotebis raodenoba

xolo, meores mxriv, mis materialur-teqni-

saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi Semosuli bank-

kur uzrunvelyofas da sakaso-saemisio ope-

notebis mTliani Tanxis 13.8 procents Sead-

evrostandartebis

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi mimoqcevaSi bank-

125

genda, 2012 wels analogiurma maCvenebelma 14.3 procenti Seadgina.

saangariSo periodSi xorcieldeboda fulis niSnebis eqspertizis samuSaoebi. kerZod,

fulis niSnebis gadaTvla-damuSavebis teq-

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis sakaso centris

nikuri saSualebebis gamarTulad funqcio-

salaroebidan, komerciuli bankebidan, valu-

nirebisa da fulis niSnebis daxarisxebis dad-

tis sagadamcvlelo sferodan, saqarTvelos

genili donis uzrunvelsayofad, saqarTvelos

finansTa saministros Semosavlebis samsaxu-

erovnuli bankis prezidentis 2010 wlis 3

ridan miRebuli da fizikuri pirebis mier

ivnisis gankargulebiT dadgenili periodu-

Semotanili iqna 23 938 cali saeWvo fuladi

lobiT tardeboda sakaso centris teqnikuri

niSani.

saSualebebis meSveobiT fulis niSnebis daxarisxebis donis Semowmeba.

2012 welSi gamovlenili yalbi laris banknotebis da monetebis procentuli Tanafardoba mocemulia diagrama N 8.3-ze.

diagrama N 8.3 yalbi laris banknotebi da monetebi procentulad

10.22%

0.05% 0.01% 0.02%

1.95%

6.34% 4.45% 0.87%

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

0.71% 0.43%

74.95%

1 lari 20 lari 50 TeTri (1993 w)

2 lari 50 lari 1laris moneta

10 lari 200 lari

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

saangariSo periodSi gamovlenili yalbi

laris nominalis yalbi monetebis raodenoba –

laris banknotebis raodenoba 2011 welTan Se-

1.6-jer (nominalebis mixedviT 2011-2012 wleb-

darebiT Semcirebulia 9.1 procentiT, yalbi

Si gamovlenili yalbi laris banknotebisa da

dolarebis raodenoba – 5.9 procentiT, xolo

monetebis raodenobas gviCvenebs diagrama N

yalbi evros banknotebis raodenoba – 41 pro-

8.4 da diagrama N 8.5). amasTan, sxva ucxouri

centiT. rac Seexeba 50 TeTris nominalis

yalbi valutebis raodenoba Semcirebulia

yalbi monetebis raodenobas, gasul period-

1.3-jer.

Tan SedarebiT Semcirebulia 3.9-jer, xolo 1

126

5 lari 100 lari 10 laris moneta

diagrama N 8.4 2011-2012 wlebSi gamovlenili yalbi laris banknotebis raodenoba 800 685

700

652

600 500

458

400 328 300

259 230 200

200 93 100 6

1 lari 2011

2 lari

5 lari

10 lari

20 lari

50 lari

100 lari

200 lari

2012 wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

diagrama N 8.5 2011-2012 wlebSi gamovlenili yalbi monetebis raodenoba 35,000 30,001 30,000 25,000

15,000 10,000

7707

5,000

1,730

1051

50 TeTri (1993 w) 2011

1 laris moneta

10 laris moneta

2012 wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki meTodologiur daxmarebas uwevda komerciul bankebsa

is amaRlebis mizniT, swavleba Cautarda 274

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

20,000

pirs.

da valutis gadamcvlel punqtebs, aseve iu-

2012 wels warmatebiT mimdinareobda ro-

ridiul da fizikur pirebs kadrebis kvali-

gorc sainvesticio, ise saiubileo monetebis

fikaciis amaRlebis saqmeSi. kerZod, dainter-

realizacia. kerZod, qalaq yvarlis fulis

esebul pirTaTvis fulis niSnebis damcavi

muzeumis, sakaso centrisa da saiuveliro

meqanizmebis swavlebis, laris banknotebisa

kompania „zarafxanis“ saSualebiT realize-

da monetebis vargisianobis gansazRvrisa da

bulma sxvadasxva saxis faseulobam Seadgina

zogadad naRd fulTan muSaobis kvalifikaci-

11 446 erTeuli – TanxiT 1.3 mln lari. maT

127

Soris, oqros monetebi 823 erTeuli, TanxiT

damTvaliereblTa ricxvi da maTi interesi,

– 1.2

mln lari, vercxlis monetebi 326 er-

rogorc qarTuli, ise msoflio numizmatikisa

Teuli TanxiT – 19.6 aTasi lari, xolo danar-

da bonistikisadmi. saangariSo periodis gan-

Ceni faseuloba 10 297 erTeuli TanxiT – 70.0

mavlobaSi muzeums estumra 3 686 vizitori.

aTasi lari. qveyanaSi kulturuli turizmis ganviTare-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

saqmianobis maregulirebeli samarTlebriv-

bis xelSewyobis, qarTuli fulis cnobado-

normatiuli

bis gazrdisa da erovnuli bankis sainforma-

kerZod, Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT aRWur-

cio centris funqciis nawilobriv SeTavsebis

vil axal sakaso centrSi gadasvlis procesis

mizniT, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis fulis

dasrulebisa da paralelur reJimSi saqarTve-

muzeumi 2012 wlis noembris bolos gadatani-

los erovnul bankSi naRdi fulisa da faseu-

li iqna qalaq yvarelSi.

lobis aRricxvis avtomatizirebuli marTvis

bazis

srulyofis

samuSaoebi.

qalaq yvarelSi fulis muzeumSi ganTavs-

modulis (CMM sistemis) danergvis safuZ-

ebul eqspoziciaSi wamyvani adgili eTmoba

velze daixvewa da srulyofa ganicada saqarT-

erovnul valuta – lars da aseve erovnul

velos erovnul bankSi naRdi fulis miReba-

banks, raTa moxdes saqarTvelos erovnuli

gacemis, aRricxvis, Senaxvis da sainkasacio

bankis Sesaxeb vizitorTa informireba da amiT

saqmianobasTan dakavSirebulma procedureb-

muzeumma garkveulwilad Seasrulos erovnu-

ma, romlis Sesabamisad SemuSavebul iqna da

li bankis sainformacio centris funqcia.

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis prezidentis

muzeumis eqspoziciaSi warmodgenilia isto-

2012 wlis 29 noembris N105/04 brZanebiT dam-

riuli nawili, calke nawili eTmoba msoflio

tkicda „komerciul bankebSi naRd fulsa da

fulis gamofenas.

sxva faseulobasTan dakavSirebuli opera-

qarTuli fulis istoriisa da saqarTvelos

128

2012 wels grZeldeboda sakaso-saemisio

ciebis warmoebis wesi“.

erovnuli bankis, rogorc qveynis centraluri

zemoT aRniSnuli cvlilebebis gaTvaliswi-

bankis ganviTarebisa da misi ZiriTadi saqmi-

nebiT SemuSavda da saqarTvelos erovnu-

anobis gacnobis mizniT, erovnul bankis fu-

li bankis prezidentis 2012 wlis 30 noem-

lis muzeumi aqtiurad sTavazobs sazogadoe-

bris N115/04 brZanebiT damtkicebul iqna

bas

saganmanaTleblo-SemecnebiT kursebs.

„saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi naRd fulsa

aRsaniSnavia, rom fulis muzeumSi dRi-

da sxva faseulobasTan dakavSirebuli opera-

TidRe matulobs gamofenili eqsponatebis

ciebis warmoebis wesi“.

9. საზოგადოებასთან ურთიერთობა და საერთაშორისო თანამშრომლობა

aqarTvelos erovnuli bankis saqmiano-

bis maqsimaluri gamWvirvalobis uzrunvelyofisa da sabanko sistemaSi mimdinare

procesebis Sesaxeb informaciis mosaxleobisaTvis droulad miwodebis mizniT, sazogadoebasTan urTierToba warimarTeboda rogorc masobrivi informaciis, ise komunikaciis sxva saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. saangariSo periodSi, erovnuli banki operatiulad avrcelebda presrelizebsa da statistikur monacemebs,

regularulad

marTavda

Sesabamis

Temebze preskonferenciebs, konferenciebs, brifingebs, seminarebs, prezentaciebsa da Sexvedrebs. erovnuli bankis mier dagegmili reformebis,

sabanko

seqtorisaTvis

SeTavazebu-

li axali finansuri instrumentebis Sesa-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

xeb informaciis sazogadoebamde sworad da amomwuravad mitanis uzrunvelsayofad, sa-

los erovnuli banki cdilobda, eleqtronuli

qarTvelos erovnuli bankis muSakebi mar-

da beWdviTi gamocemebisa Tu masobrivi in-

Tavdnen periodul Sexvedrebs beWdviTi da

formaciis sxva saSualebebis meSveobiT maqsi-

eleqtronuli mediis warmomadgenlebTan.

malurad xelmisawvdomi gaexada informacia

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monetaru-

fulad da savaluto bazrebze mimdinare ten-

li politika, romelic ara arsebuli, aramed

denciebis Sesaxeb, warmoeCina sakuTari xedva

mosalodneli inflaciis marTvazea orien-

am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT da aexsna ama Tu

tirebuli, miznad isaxavs fasebis donis saSu-

im gadawyvetilebis miRebis motivebi.

alo da grZelvadiani stabilurobis uzrun-

aRniSnulis uzrunvelsayofad, erovnuli

velyofas. Sesabamisad, efeqtiani monetaruli

banki yovelTviurad gamoscemda „Tvis mimo-

politikis ganxorcielebisaTvis gansakuTre-

xilvas“, yovelkvartalurad gamoscemda „in-

bul mniSvnelobas iZens sazogadoebis swori

flaciis mimoxilvas“ da „monetaruli da sa-

inflaciuri molodinis Camoyalibeba. am kuT-

banko statistikis biuletens“, operatiulad

xiT ki uaRresad sayuradReboa monetaruli

aqveynebda statistikur monacemebs da mone-

politikis gamWvirvalobis uzunvelyofa da

taruli politikis komitetis presrelizebs.

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis sazogadoebas-

2012 wels moamzada da gamosca „saqarTve-

Tan urTierTobis mizanmimarTuli politikis

los erovnuli bankis wliuri angariSi, 2011“;

ganxorcieleba.

ekonomikaSi mimdinare procesebisa da mosalodneli

130

Sedegebis,

aseve

„saqarTvelos

sagadasaxdelo

balansi,

2011“; saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis gamoce-

saqarTvelos

maTa eleqtronuli versiebi xelmisawvdomia

erovnuli bankis mier gatarebuli politiki-

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis oficialur in-

sa da ekonomikaze misi gavlenis Sesaxeb sa-

ternet gverdze – www.nbg.ge.

zogadoebis operatiulad informirebis miz-

saangariSo periodSi, saerTaSoriso Tan-

niT, erovnuli banki moqmedebda sxva wamyvani

amSromlobis gaaqtiurebisa da calkeul sfe-

qveynebis centraluri bankebis mier aprobire-

roebSi ucxo qveynebis centraluri bankebis

buli praqtikis Sesabamisad. kerZod, saqarTve-

gamocdilebis gaziarebis mizniT, saqarTve-

los erovnuli banki TanamSromlobda msofli-

kompetenciis farglebSi xeli Seuwyon saqarT-

os sxvadasxva qveynebis centralur bankebTan.

velosa da moldovas respublikis sabanko da

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo erovnuli

safinanso institutebs Soris saqmiani urTi-

bankis gamocdilebis gaziarebis mizniT ram-

erTobebis damyarebas, aseve gauziaron erT-

denime ucxouri safinanso institutis warmo-

maneTs danergili warmatebuli gamocdileba.

madgenelTa viziti saqarTveloSi.

memorandums 2012 wlis ivnisSi xeli moaweres

msoflio bankis rekomendaciiT, 2012 wlis

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis prezidentma

aprilSi, saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi gatare-

giorgi qadagiZem da moldovas erovnuli bank-

buli reformebisa da inovaciuri sistemebis

is prezidentma dorin dragutanum.

gacnobis mizniT, erovnul banks avRaneTis

sabanko seqtorSi arsebuli viTarebisa da

centraluri bankis delegacia ewvia. stum-

mimdinare ekonomikuri reformebis gacno-

rebma qarTveli kolegebisgan miiRes informa-

bis mizniT, 2012 wels saqarTvlos oficial-

cia sagadaxdo da fasiani qaRaldebis sistemis

uri vizitiT saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi

danergvis Sesaxeb. amave sistemis gacnobis da

Cveni qveynis warmomadgeneli, niderlandebis

gamocdilebis gaziarebis mizniT, seqtemberSi,

jgufis wevri qveynebis aRmasrulebeli di-

RTGS da CSD sistemebis mimwodebeli ameri-

reqtori meno sneli stumrobda. saqarTvelos

kuli kompaniis „montranis“ rekomendaciiT,

erovnuli bankis prezidentTan Sexvedris dros

erovnul banks surinamis centraluri ban-

daigegma niderlandis jgufis wevri qveynebis

kis delegaciac stumrobda. oqtomberSi ki,

2013 wlis Sexvedris gamarTva TbilisSi. gasul

wels

saqarTvelo

mniSvnelovani

nansTa, ekonomikisa da reformebis saminis-

saerTaSoriso konferenciis maspinZelic iyo.

troebis warmomadgenlebi imyofebodnen. Sex-

kerZod 31 marts, saqarTvelos erovnuli ban-

vedris mTavari mizani saqarTvelos erovnuli

kisa da evropuli fondis samxreT – aRmosav-

bankis

reformebis

leT evropisaTvis (EFSE) organizebiT, Tbi-

gacnoba da arsebuli gamocdilebis gaziareba

lisSi, sastumro redisonSi „EFSE“-is wliuri

iyo. vizitis Sedegebis Sejamebisas yirgizeTis

Sexvedra gaimarTa. konferenciaSi monawile

delegaciis wevrebma aRniSnes, saqarTveloSi

samasze metma delegatma mcire da saSualo

gatarebulma reformebma da cvlilebebma,

biznesisaTvis finansuri resursebis xelmisawv-

romelic samagaliToa mTels regionSi, didi

domobis gazrdis SesaZleblobebze imsjela.

mier

ganxorcielebuli

roli iTamaSes qveynis ekonomikisa da konkre-

saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis farglebSi

tulad qarTuli sabanko seqtoris ganviTare-

saqarTvlos erovnulma bankma 2012 wlis ivnis-

bis saqmeSi, swored amitom moeqca saqarTvelo

Si, centraluri bankebis statistikis sakiT-

centraluri aziisa da yofili sabWoTa kav-

xebze eqspertTa me-2 regionul konferencias

Siris qveynebis yuradRebis centrSi.

umaspinZla. qarTvel eqspertebTan erTad kon-

gasul wels saqarTvelosa da moldovas

ferenciaSi monawileobdnen litveli, somexi,

erovnul bankebs Soris ormxrivi TanamSrom-

ukraineli da yazaxi specialistebi. msjelo-

lobis memorandumi gaformda, romlis Tanax-

bis mTavari Tema sagareo seqtoris statisti-

mad mxareebi iReben valdebulebas, TavianTi

kasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi iyo.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi yirgizeTis fi-

131

10. საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკის ადამიანური რესურსების მართვა

damianuri

resursebis

marTvis

poli-

saangariSo periodSi samuSao procesebis

tika miznad isaxavs erovnuli bankis

Tvisobrivi cvlilebebis gamo ganxorcielda

dakompleqtebas saWiro profesiis, spe-

struqturuli cvlileba da Seiqmna usafrTxo-

cialobisa da kvalifikaciis mqone kadrebiT,

ebis departamenti.

personalis SerCevis procedurisa da Tanam-

2012 wlis bolos erovnul bankSi muSaob-

debobrivi winsvlis pirobebis optimizacias,

da 311 TanamSromeli, amaTgan 235 moxele, 43

qvedanayofTa struqturis daxvewas erovnuli

damxmare da 33 StatgareSe mosamsaxure. mo-

bankis strategiuli amocanebis Sesabamisad,

xeleebis saSualo asaki iyo – 38, damxmare

bankSi dasaqmebul TanamSromelTa codnisa da

mosamsaxureebis – 44 da StatgareSe mosamsaxu-

kvalifikaciis amaRlebas, maTi Sromis moti-

reebis – 40; maTi 87 procenti umaRlesi ganaT-

vaciis zrdas.

lebiTaa. TanamSromelTa mTliani raodenobidan 45 procents qalebi Seadgendnen.

diagrama N 10.1 erovnuli bankis TanamSromlebis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi (sul 311 TanamSromeli) 300

250

284

moxele (235) damxamare mosamsaxure (43)

235

StatgareSe mosamsaxure (33) 200

qali (140) 172

kaci (172)

140

150

moxeleebis saSualo asaki (38) 100

StatgareSe mosamsaxureebis saSualo asaki (40) umaRlesi ganaTlebiT (284)

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

erovnuli bankis zogierT struqturul er-

ganxorcielda warCinebuli studentebis

TeulSi ganxorcielebuli Tvisobrivi cvli-

erovnul bankSi staJiorebad ayvana umaRles

lebebis gamo, rac rig SemTxvevebSi gamoiwvia

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebTan gaform-

axali sistemebis danergvam, ganaxlebuli iqna,

ebuli „urTierTTanamSromlobis Sesaxeb

an Seiqmna axali „samuSaos aRwerebi“.

morandumis“ safuZvelze. ayvanili iqna 45

me-

samuSao garemosa da pirobebis Sesaxeb Ta-

staJiori, romelTagan dRes 3 erovnuli ban-

namSromlebis damokidebulebisa da molo-

kis TanamSromelia. amave memorandumis far-

dinebis garkvevis mizniT, Catarda kvleva

glebSi erovnuli bankis TanamSromlebis mier

eleqtronuli gamokiTxvis saSualebiT. miRe-

umaRlesi

bul monacemebze dayrdnobiT mimdinareobs

Catarda 20 leqcia.

saswavleblebis

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

damxmare mosamsaxureebis saSualo asaki (44)

studentebisTvis

problemur sakiTxebze permanentuli muSaoba.

133

11. ნორმატიულ-სამართლებრივი ბაზის განვითარება

aangariSo

xorcieldeboda

ganxorcieldes rogorc materialuri, aseve

normatiul-samarTlebrivi bazis srul-

eleqtronuli formiT, romlebsac eniWebaT

yofis samuSaoebi. kerZod, 2012 wels

Tanabari iuridiuli Zala.

miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni „sagadaxdo

2012 wels momzadda da gamoica rigi nor-

sistemisa da sagadaxdo momsaxurebis Sesa-

matiuli aqtebi. maT Soris: „sagadaxdo siste-

xeb“. kanonis miRebis mizania saqarTvelos

mebis Sesaxeb“ kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad,

sagadaxdo sistemis usafrTxo, mdgradi da

damtkicebul iqna „sagadaxdo momsaxurebis

efeqtiani funqcionireba. igi gansazRvravs

provaideris saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi

sagadaxdo sistemis, sagadaxdo momsaxurebis

registraciisa

regulirebisa da zedamxedvelobis princi-

wesi“. aRniSnuli wesiT ganisazRvra regis-

pebs, aseve finansuri giraos gamoyenebasTan

traciis pirobebi – registraciisaTvis saWi-

dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. aRniSnuli kanoniT

ro dokumentaciis CamonaTvali, registraci-

dadginda, rom sagadaxdo sistema moicavs fu-

is gauqmebis konkretuli safuZvlebi. aseve

ladi saxsrebis sagadaxdo sistemas, fasiani

dadginda provaideris mier erovnul bankSi

qaRaldebiT

warsadgeni informacia.

angariSsworebis

sistemasa

registraciis

gauqmebis

kliringis sistemas. sakanonmdeblo doneze

zemoT xsenebuli kanonis Sesabamisad, aseve

daregulirda iseTi aqtualuri sakiTxi, ro-

SemuSavda „sagadaxdo sistemis operatoris

goricaa sagadaxdo momsaxurebis provaideris

saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi registraciis

mier eleqtronuli fulis gamoSveba.

da registraciis gauqmebis wesi“, romliTac

mniSvnelovani sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi

ganisazRvra sagadaxdo operatoris regis-

ganxorcielda „saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis

traciis da registraciis gauqmebis pirobebi,

Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organul kanonSi. ker-

aseve sistemis wesebis minimaluri moTxovnebi.

Zod:

erovnuli bankis mier miRebul iqna „komer-

– erovnul banks mieniWa sruli uflebamo-

ciuli

bankebis

standartuli

sadepozito

sileba zedamxedveloba gauwios sagadaxdo

sertifikatebis debuleba“. miTiTebuli doku-

sistemis operatorisa da sagadaxdo momsa-

mentiT ganisazRvra sadepozito sertifikatis

xurebis provaideris saqmianobas maTi regis-

cneba – sabanko depoziti (anabari), romelic

traciis, registraciis gauqmebisa da maTTvis

warmoadgens bankis valdebulebas sertifi-

minimaluri moTxovnebis dadgenis, SezRud-

katis pirobiT gaTvaliswinebul dRes serti-

vebisa da sanqciebis dawesebis gziT;

fikatis mflobels gadauxados sertifikatis

– SemoRebul iqna kvalificiuri sakredito

pirobiT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanxa. debulebiT

institutis cneba da erovnul banks mieni-

aseve dakonkretda sadepozito sertifikateb-

Wa uflebamosileba iuridiuli piri miiC-

is gamoSvebis, registraciis, mimoqcevisa da

nios kvalificiur sakredito institutad.

dafarvis sakiTxebi.

erovnuli banki uflebamosilia ganaxorcie-

saqarTveloSi oqros bazris ganviTarebis

los kvalificiuri sakredito institutis

xelSewyobis mizniT, saqarTvelos erovnuli

saqmianobis regulireba, rac moicavs mis reg-

bankis prezidentis 2012 wlis 22 ivnisis N61

istracias, registraciis gauqmebas, Sesaferi-

brZanebiT damtkicda „saqarTvelos erovnu-

sobis

gamJRavne-

li bankis oqros sertifikatebis debuleba“,

bis, minimaluri kapitalis, likvidobisa da

romlis Sesabamisad erovnuli banki uSvebs

sxva moTxovnebis dadgenas, aseve Semowmebas,

sainvesticio finansur instruments – oqros

SezRudvebisa da sanqciebis dawesebas;

sertifikats. aRniSnuli sertifikati aris

kriteriumebis,

riskebis

– ganxorcielebuli cvlilebiT erovnul banksa

zedamxedvelobas

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

periodSi

erovnuli bankis uvado da uprocento fasiani

daqvemdebare-

qaRaldi, romliTac erovnuli banki valde-

bul subieqtebs Soris mimowera SeiZleba

bulia misi ganaRdebis moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi,

135

sertifikatis mesakuTreze (misi saxeliT moq-

romelime wevrma daarRvia fasiani qaRal-

medi komerciuli bankis meSveobiT) gasces Se-

debis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba,

sabamisi standartizirebuli oqros zodi.

erovnuli bankis instruqcia, debuleba, wesi,

„fasiani qaRaldebis bazris Sesaxeb“ kanonis Sesabamisad, erovnulma bankma daamt-

saangariSo periodSi cvlilebebi ganicada

kica „fasiani qaRaldebis Sesaxeb saqarTve-

safinanso seqtoris warmomadgenlebis saqmi-

los kanonmdeblobis darRvevisaTvis fuladi

anobis maregulirebelma normatiulma aqteb-

jarimis odenobis gansazRvris, dakisrebis

ma. kerZod, ganaxlebuli redaqciiT Camoyal-

da aRsrulebis wesi“. xsenebuli wesis Tanax-

ibda mikrosafinanso organizaciebis, fuladi

mad, erovnuli banki uflebamosilia fasiani

gzavnilebis ganmaxorcielebeli piris da va-

qaRaldebis bazris monawileebis da/an maTi

lutis gadamcvleli punqtebis registraciisa

mmarTveli organos wevris mimarT gamoiyenos

da regulirebis wesebi.

fuladi jarimebi, Tu fasiani qaRaldebis baz-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

ris monawilem da/an misi mmarTveli organos

136

moTxovnebi da/an werilobiTi miTiTebebi.

2012 wels erovnuli bankis mier gamocemul iqna 41 kanonqvemdebare aqti.

12. სტატისტიკური საქმიანობა

012 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

ganagrZobda saqmianobas statistikuri informaciis

xarisxis

amaRlebisa

struqturizebuli,

rac

uzrunvelyofs

statistikur informaciaze moTxovnis maq-

zaciis mimarTulebiT, finansuri da sagareo

simalur dakmayofilebas; • naSTebis statistikis garda, gaTvaliswineb-

ufro mzardi moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis

ulia

mizniT.

rac, erTi mxriv, sagrZnoblad afarToebs

nakadebis

statistikis

mopovebac,

TiTqmis orwliani intensiuri muSaobisa da

agregirebuli maCvenebelebis analitikur

komerciul bankebTan mWidro TanamSromlobis

mniSvnelobas, xolo meore mxriv, uzrun-

Sedegad, saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma SeZ-

velyofs statistikuri monacemebis saer-

lo 2013 wlis ianvridan satesto reJimSi gaeS-

TaSoriso standartebTan maqsimalur miax-

va makroekonomikuri, finansuri da statis-

lovebas;

tikuri informaciis mopovebis, damuSavebis,

• warmoadgens mniSvnelovan wyaros moneta-

Senaxvisa da gavrcelebis informaciuli sis-

ruli da finansuri statistikis saboloo

tema – sebstati (saqarTvelos erovnuli ban-

produqtebis

kis statistika).

seqtoraluri finansuri angariSebi da a.S.)

sebstatis mizania erovnul bankSi statis-

(monetaruli

mimoxilvebi,

warmoebis perspeqtivebis TvalsazrisiT;

tikuri biznes-procesis centralizacia da

• misi meTodologia srul Sesabamisobasia

avtomatizacia, finansuri institutebidan fi-

centraluri bankebis statistikisadmi wa-

nansuri da statistikuri informaciis mopo-

yenebuli moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis sa-

vebidan

erTaSoriso meTodologiebTan, rac uz-

monacemTa

gamoqveynebis

CaTvliT.

misi koncefciis realizacia uzrunvelyofs:

runvelyofs

• statistikuri biznes-procesis centrali-

gamWvirvalobis maRal xarisxsa da xelmisa-

zacias da monacemTa moTxovnebis dub-

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

• mopovebuli informacia detalurad aris

monacemTa warmoebis biznes-procesis optimiseqtorebis statistikaze momxmarebelTa sul

sebstatis

metamonacemebis

wvdomobas;

lirebis aRmofxvras, rac uzrunvelyofs

• igi mniSvnelovnad amcirebs SromiT dana-

respondentTa saangariSgebo tvirTis mniS-

xarjebs statistikuri informaciis war-

vnelovan Semcirebas;

moebasa da gavrcelebaze da afarToebs

• monacemTa mopovebis standartizacias da

ekonomikuri analizis SesaZleblobebs;

unificirebas yvela tipis finansuri in-

• aumjobesebs centraluri bankis finansur

stitutebisaTvis, monacemTa struqturis

institutebTan TanamSromlobisa da koor-

aRweraze (DSD – Data Structure Definition) da-

dinaciis xarisxs.

fuZnebuli

sebstatis koncefcia gulisxmobs finan-

saerTaSoriso

statistikuri

praqtikis gamoyenebiT;

suri institutebidan misaRebi informaci-

• monacemTa adreul doneze detalur kon-

is struqturizebas Sinaarsis mixedviT, ris

trols, dawyebuli finansur institutebSi

safuZvelzec yalibdeba monacemTa 5 ojaxi

maTi damuSavebis etapidan da miRebuli in-

(FIM – yovelTviuri finansuri da statisti-

formaciis maRal xarisxs;

kuri maCveneblebi, FID – yoveldRiuri finan-

• finansur seqtorSi SesaZlo inovaciebis

suri maCvenebelebi, FEX – ucxouri valutis

statistikuri asaxvis SesaZleblobas umok-

operaciebi, MTR – fuladi gzavnilebi, BPC –

les vadaSi;

sabanko sagadaxdo baraTebi); TiToeuli oja-

• statistikuri

138

aCnia, rac imaSi mdgomareobs, rom:

metamonacemebis

sistemis

xis SigniT moTxovnili monacemebis aRwera

Seqmnas da mis maqsimalur xelmisawvdomobas

xdeba Sesabamisi klasifikatorebis (CodeList)

dainteresebuli momxmareblisaTvis;

meSveobiT, ris safuZvelzec xdeba moTxovni-

• monacemTa gavrcelebis vadebis Semcirebas.

li monacemis maidentificirebeli unikaluri

sebstats mniSvnelovani upiratesobebi ga-

kodis – gasaRebis formireba. Sesabamisi ga-

sebstatis konceptualuri midgoma SesaZ-

formaciis CamonaTvals, romlis mixedviTac

lebels xdis mis etapobriv danergvas, banke-

finansur institutebSi xdeba erovnul bankSi

bis Semdeg, sxva finansur institutebSic,

warsadgni informaciis formireba. monacemTa

didi adamianuri da finansuri resursebis da-

amgvari, unificirebuli meqanizmiT momzadeba

naxarjebis gareSe.

da erovnul bankSi warmodgena uzrunvelyofs

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi, saerTaSoriso Ta-

respodentebis mier monacemTa erTgvarovan

namSromlobis farglebSi grZeldeboda aqti-

gagebas da mis maRal xarisxs, saangariSgebo

uri muSaoba monacemTa gamoqveynebis sakiT-

tvirTis Semcirebas da meti resursis gamo-

xebSi. sxva wevr qveynebTan erTad, saqarTvelos

Tavisuflebas analitikuri saqmianobisaTvis.

monetaruli statistikis, sagadasaxdelo ba-

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sebstatis konceptualuri xedva Semdegnairia:

lansisa da finansuri stabilurobis indikatorebi sistematurad qveyndeba saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis vebgverdze (http://dsbb. imf.org/Pages/SDDS/CtyCtgList.aspx?ctycode=GEO, http://fsi.imf.org/, http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ ir/IRProcessWeb/data/geo/eng/curgeo.htm). amave TanamSromlobis farglebSi mimdinareobs mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis monacemTa gavrcelebis specialuri standartis gafarToebis iniciativaSi (SDDS Plus) monawileobisaTvis.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

saRebebis erToblioba iZleva moTxovnili in-

saerTaSoriso standartebis ganaxlebis paralelurad, mimdinareobda muSaoba sagadasaxdelo

balansis

meTodologiidan

gaangariSebis

arsebuli

(saxelmZRvanelos

BPM5

mexuTe redaqciidan) axal meTodologiaze (BPM6 meeqvse redaqciaze) gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis Sedegebis gamoqveynebac 2014 wlidan aris gaTvaliswinebuli. 139

13. სტატისტიკური ცხრილები

ZiriTadi makroekonomikuri maCveneblebi

samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsis dinamika

wliuri inflacia

sarezervo fulis masis moculobisa da struqturis dinamika

fulis masis agregatebis dinamika

erovnuli bankis momoxilva

sxva depozituri korporaciebis mimoxilva

depozituri korporaciebis mimoxilva

monetaruli koeficientebis dinamika

monetaruli politikis saprocento ganakveTi

komerciuli bankebis krebsiTi aqtivebisa da pasivebis dinamika

komerciuli bankebis sesxebisa da depozitebis moculoba da saSualo wliuri

komerciuli bankebis mier gacemuli vadiani sesxebiT davalianeba

komerciuli bankebis vadagadacilebuli sesxebiT davalianeba

savaluto bazarze aSS dolariT ganxorcielebuli operaciebi

savaluto bazarze evroTi ganxorcielebuli operaciebi

gacvliTi kursebi: lari/aSS dolari

gacvliTi kursebi: lari/evro

sagadasaxdelo balansi

saerTaSoriso sainvesticio pozicia

mTliani sagareo vali

sagareo vaWroba

umsxvilesi sagareo savaWro partniori qveynebi

umsxvilesi saeqsporto sasaqonlo jgufebi

umsxvilesi saimporto sasaqonlo jgufebi

safinanso seqtoris institutebi

saqarTveloSi moqmedi komerciuli bankebis sia 2013 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT

komerciuli bankebis dajgufeba fuladi saxiT ganaRdebuli sawesdebo kapitalis mixedviT 2013 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT

saqarTveloSi moqmedi mikrosafinanso organizaciebis sia 2013 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

Sewonili saprocento ganakveTebi

141

1. ძირითადი მაკროეკონომიკური მაჩვენებლები zomis erTeuli

2000

mln lari

6043.1

11620.9

20743.4

24344.0

26138.9

lari

1362.5

2689.1

4675.7

5447.1

5811.7

mrewvelobis produqciis gamoSveba

mln lari

1793.4

3242.9

5855.3

7458.7

8244.3

soflis meurneobis produqciis gamoSveba

mln lari

1857.2

2585.4

2396.7

2877.7

2951.1

101.8

109.6

106.3

107.2

106.1

104.6

106.2

111.2

102.0

98.6

xanmokle moxmarebis saqoneli

106.9

107.3

115.7

101.3

97.0

saSualo xangrZlivobis moxmarebis saqoneli

102.1

103.5

100.9

97.0

98.2

xangrZlivi moxmarebis saqoneli

101.0

100.9

104.2

96.7

97.5

momsaxureba

101.9

104.2

100.9

105.9

101.3

Semosavali

mln lari

640.2

2607.5

5421.5

6444.3

7063.9

xarji

mln lari

833.8

2618.6

5466.5

5825.9

6608.6

biujetis saoperacio saldo

mln lari

-45.0

618.4

455.3

arafinansuri aqtivebis cvlileba

mln lari

873.6

849.3

576.2

biujetis mTliani saldo proficiti(+) / deficiti(–)

mln lari

-193.6

-11.0

-918.6

-230.9

-120.9

-3.2

-0.1

-4.4

-1.2

-0.5

1840.7

1744.6

1628.1

1664.2

…

10.3

13.8

16.3

15.1

…

2005

2010

2011

2012

1. realuri seqtori nominaluri mTliani Sida produqti mSp erT sulze

realuri mTliani Sida produqtis zrdis tempi 2. inflacia samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi

3. saxelmwifo biujeti *

%-ad mTlian Sida produqtTan

4. dasaqmeba

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

dasaqmebuli mosaxleobis ricxovnoba umuSevrobis done

aTasi kaci %

5. socialuri indikatorebi

…

mosaxleobis Tviuri fuladi Semosavali

mln lari

149.4

272.6

567.2

617.0

…

mosaxleobis Tviuri fuladi xarji

mln lari

246.7

309.1

497.7

599.3

…

lari

72.3

204.2

597.6

636.0

…

nominaluri xelfasis zrdis tempi

107.1

130.2

107.3

106.4

…

realuri xelfasis zrdis tempi

122.6

120.4

100.2

98.0

…

Sromisunariani mamakacisaTvis

lari

114.5

98.3

149.6

156.9

149.1

saSualo momxmareblisaTvis

lari

100.4

87.1

132.5

139.0

132.1

saSualo ojaxisaTvis

lari

199.2

164.9

250.9

263.3

250.1

nominaluri saSualo xelfasi

saarsebo minimumi (periodis bolosaTvis):

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri; finansTa saministro. SeniSvnebi: a) samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsis bazad aRebulia yoveli wina wlis dekemberi. b) mosaxleobis fulad Semosavlebsa da xarjebs Soris gansxvaveba gamowveulia imiT, rom gamokiTxuli ojaxebi xSirad srulad ar uCveneben fulad Semosavlebs. *) 2000–2005 weli – Zveli klasifikaciiT.

142

2. სამომხმარებლო ფასების ინდექსის დინამიკა (wina wlis dekemberi=100)

100.4

0.4

102.1

2.1

1.1

102.1

2.1

procentuli cvlileba wina TvesTan

fasebis indeqsi

fasebis indeqsi 101.1

2012 procentuli cvlileba wina TvesTan

2011 procentuli cvlileba wina TvesTan

2010 procentuli cvlileba wina TvesTan

fasebis indeqsi

fasebis indeqsi ianvari

2005 procentuli cvlileba wina TvesTan

2000

100.5

0.5

Tebervali

100.2

-0.2

102.4

0.3

102.6

1.5

104.9

2.8

100.7

0.2

marti

100.1

-0.1

103.0

0.6

102.4

-0.2

104.9

0.0

100.5

-0.2

aprili

99.8

-0.2

103.5

0.4

102.7

0.2

104.8

-0.1

100.5

0.0

maisi

99.7

-0.1

102.1

-1.3

102.3

-0.4

105.2

0.4

99.6

-0.9

ivnisi

99.5

-0.3

100.6

-1.4

102.0

-0.3

100.9

-4.0

98.7

-0.9

ivlisi

99.2

-0.3

98.6

-1.9

101.8

-0.2

99.3

-1.6

97.8

-0.9

agvisto

100.4

1.2

99.2

0.6

104.1

2.3

100.3

1.1

97.9

0.1

seqtemberi

102.2

1.8

101.1

1.9

107.4

3.1

100.9

0.6

98.6

0.8

oqtomberi

103.5

1.2

102.9

1.7

109.5

2.0

100.8

-0.2

98.7

0.0

noemberi

104.1

0.6

104.3

1.4

110.7

1.1

101.4

0.7

98.8

0.1

dekemberi

104.6

0.5

106.2

1.8

111.2

0.5

102.0

0.6

98.6

-0.3

SeniSvna: samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsis bazad aRebulia wina wlis dekemberi.

3. წლიური ინფლაცია 2000 12 Tvis cvlileba

2005 12 Tvis saSualo

12 Tvis cvlileba

2010

12 Tvis saSualo

12 Tvis cvlileba

2011

12 Tvis saSualo

12 Tvis cvlileba

2012

12 Tvis saSualo

12 Tvis cvlileba

12 Tvis saSualo

ianvari

8.5

18.6

9.3

6.1

2.7

1.6

12.3

7.9

0.5

7.5

Tebervali

3.1

17.2

9.2

6.3

5.6

1.9

13.7

8.6

-2.1

6.2

marti

1.1

15.4

9.7

6.6

5.8

2.2

13.9

9.3

-2.2

4.8

-0.4

13.5

10.3

7.0

5.6

2.6

13.5

10.0

-2.1

3.5

maisi

1.1

11.8

8.9

7.3

4.0

2.7

14.3

10.8

-3.3

2.1

ivnisi

2.3

10.3

9.0

7.8

3.7

2.8

10.0

11.3

-0.2

1.3

ivlisi

4.3

9.0

6.0

7.8

7.0

3.4

8.5

11.4

0.6

0.7

agvisto

5.6

7.8

7.2

8.0

9.5

4.4

7.2

11.2

-0.4

0.1

seqtemberi

6.4

6.7

7.7

8.1

9.8

5.2

4.6

10.8

-0.1

-0.3

oqtomberi

7.2

5.8

7.8

7.9

9.6

5.7

2.3

10.1

0.1

-0.5

noemberi

5.3

4.5

7.9

8.3

10.5

6.4

1.9

9.3

-0.5

-0.7

dekemberi

4.6

4.0

6.2

8.2

11.2

7.1

2.0

8.5

-1.4

-0.9

aprili

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri.

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri. 143

4. სარეზერვო ფულის მასის მოცულობისა და სტრუქტურის დინამიკა (periodis bolos; aTasi lari)

ian

Teb

mar

apr

mai

ivn

ivl

agv

seq

oqt

noe

dek

sarezervo fulis masa 2008

1652937

1686844

1722001

1820171

1815127

1897531

1960868

1706188

1828527

1691326

1470552

1642081

2009

1505078

1464069

1441942

1578292

1622579

1654015

1872829

1856192

1815233

1850711

1794465

1874961

2010

1713536

1796689

1779993

1840471

1794175

1814726

1850494

1871817

1954729

1997837

1975036

2081129

2011

2226104

2430168

2311381

2505956

2432249

2448706

2542648

2621688

2595533

2664581

2566552

2901072

2012

2780441

2819931

2642387

2691390

2671575

2775362

2937988

3107542

3285540

3094823

2937213

3255314

1439132

1399208

1350739

1248192

1290703

naRdi fuli mimoqcevaSi 2008

1184525

1225042

1287123

1391544

1348253

1413237

1468171

2009

1165976

1140243

1141167

1198714

1180359

1201168

1245729

1295874

1285586

1303035

1315117

1457938

2010

1357686

1356142

1398806

1412001

1431384

1460407

1501064

1530686

1500695

1503652

1487064

1618180

2011

1474969

1443728

1395350

1436103

1429488

1467042

1536990

1581259

1596306

1602717

1555417

1753584

2012

1565827

1528540

1542650

1535298

1523101

1606258

1685922

1822229

1999238

1854465

1808343

1918059

Tanxebi bankebis sakorespondento angariSebze 2008

189974

173893

152157

145816

162319

188181

208115

116684

341116

237194

108216

230142

2009

208701

194900

175676

268577

335522

343687

516147

448446

407773

423279

350098

289732

2010

217510

299978

239217

164134

197181

132106

124090

91298

166772

214645

190543

157887

2011

196845

187779

134548

258562

214431

183062

179249

136526

278250

302443

263213

164433

2012

218346

171276

222443

291414

303374

272620

178077

360751

335152

287636

176845

270702

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

savaldebulo rezervebi

144

2008

278254

287724

282537

282811

304555

296113

284582

150372

88204

103394

114144

121236

2009

130401

128926

125099

111001

106698

109160

110953

111872

121873

124398

129250

127291

2010

138340

140570

141969

141836

140190

148473

153540

159678

242133

239590

234329

244750

2011

507489

738549

771121

766509

779967

780070

794036

796237

719977

756920

736422

752332

2012

777989

792708

760194

764760

758070

821984

824818

877961

891592

859422

850225

874358

5. ფულის მასის აგრეგატების დინამიკა (periodis bolos; aTasi lari)

ian

Teb

mar

apr

mai

ivn

ivl

agv

seq

oqt

noe

dek

farTo fuli (M3) 2008

4058254 4091244 4150554 4381380 4298190 4341414 4525406 4014688 4089682 4009512 4062943 4421698

2009

4146756 4035788 3815625 3637932 3676519 3746884 3922696 4133601 4258469 4392846 4374193 4763607

2010

4721983 4792164 4837432 4938623 4945487 5154387 5750228 5840047 5874149 5852008 5775637 6199009

2011

5970730 5959088 5899006 6062639 5995136 6164201 6221285 6481689 6558254 6550014 6352921 7097777

2012

6808396 6918706 6831744 6785909 7194519 7242927 7867540 7971705 7789119 7732669 7648450 7903739 farTo fuli, ucxouri valutiT depozitebis gareSe (M2)

2008

2118091 2214564 2398218 2502047 2466434 2573610 2710358 2421845 2405603 2301163 2070356 1999220

2009

1862990 1803649 1778077 1816818 1817639 1855529 1959227 2001147 2084222 2137782 2169100 2330486

2010

2207763 2304117 2400944 2494090 2452361 2537542 2612155 2650543 2625141 2696435 2785505 2960254

2011

2762739 2781235 2731566 2999071 2901295 2939244 3136504 3249717 3225245 3340316 3273675 3783180

2012

3646713 3711576 3560996 3694523 3637588 3686240 3921188 4019735 4050885 3918457 3802499 4069162 bankebs gareT arsebuli naRdi fuli (M0)

2008 2009

1038612 1072474 1122923 1219459 1186454 1235407 1290945 1245779 1196489 1154045 1059340 1082554 991498

961048

960173 1005005 1004352 1020409 1075848 1083575 1093340 1110999 1100696 1229436

2010

1132677 1142394 1186814 1219755 1234321 1269456 1315057 1334415 1306717 1302947 1280023 1372989

2011

1248360 1224546 1183232 1213635 1217040 1248893 1306298 1341026 1343738 1344431 1308118 1438992

2012

1308176 1285343 1276827 1273870 1277898 1344033 1422108 1534747 1633345 1555433 1498179 1550028 depozitebi erovnuli valutiT

2009

1079479 1142090 1275296 1282589 1279980 1338203 1419414 1176067 1209114 1147118 1011017 871492

842601

817904

811813

813287

835120

883379

917572

916667

990882 1026783 1068404 1101050

2010

1075086 1161722 1214129 1274335 1218041 1268086 1297097 1316128 1318424 1393488 1505482 1587265

2011

1514379 1556690 1548334 1785436 1684255 1690351 1830207 1908691 1881507 1995885 1965557 2344188

2012

2338537 2426233 2284169 2420652 2359690 2342207 2499080 2484988 2417540 2363025 2304321 2519134 depozitebi ucxouri valutiT

2008

1940163 1876680 1752335 1879332 1831756 1767804 1815048 1592843 1684080 1708349 1992587 2422478

2009

2283767 2232139 2037548 1821114 1858881 1891355 1963469 2132454 2174247 2255063 2205093 2433121

2010

2514219 2488047 2436488 2444533 2493126 2616846 3138073 3189504 3249008 3155573 2990131 3238755

2011

3207991 3177853 3167440 3063568 3093841 3224957 3084781 3231972 3333009 3209698 3079246 3314598

2012

3161683 3207130 3270748 3091386 3556930 3556687 3946352 3951971 3738234 3814211 3845950 3834577

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

2008

145

6. ეროვნული ბანკის მიმოხილვა (aTasi lari) 01.01.12 wminda ucxouri aqtivebi ucxouri aqtivebi oqro

01.10.12

01.01.13

3359087

3393581

3428226

3767342

3802709

4709419

4681000

4580031

4839211

4760947

382989

359740

368542

366645

4334279

4292715

4215233

4467726

4392986

sxva ucxouri aqtivebi

2106

5296

5058

2944

1316

ucxouri valdebulebebi

ucxouri valuta

-1350332

-1287419

-1151806

-1071870

-958238

ssf–s resursebis gamoyeneba

-1349713

-1286297

-1149771

-1070542

-956612

sxva ucxouri valdebulebebi

-619

-1122

-2034

-1328

-1626

-458013

-750949

-652438

-481640

-547393

-70395

-240800

-393458

-356264

-416777

wminda saSinao aqtivebi mTavrobis wminda davalianeba centraluri mTavrobis davalianeba

-70395

-240800

-393458

-356264

-416777

687359

680421

597804

538239

530479

-757756

-921223

-991265

-894505

-947259

sesxebi adgilobriv mTavrobas

adgilobrivi mTavrobis depozitebi

saxelmwifo arasafinanso korporaciebis davalianeba

maT Soris sesxebi ucxouri valutiT

sxva arasafinanso korporaciebis davalianeba

saxazino valdebulebebi sesxebi centralur mTavrobas centraluri mTavrobis depozitebi sesxebi centraluri mTavrobidan adgilobriv mTavrobis wminda davalianeba

maT Soris sesxebi ucxouri valutiT fizikuri pirebis davalianeba maT Soris sesxebi ucxouri valutiT საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

01.07.12

373034

nasesxobis specialuri uflebebi (nsu)

bankebis wminda davalianeba bankebis davalianeba valdebulebebi bankebis winaSe valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis winaSe sxva wminda aqtivebi

2671

2514

2356

2221

2063

-428622

-543243

-342147

-162675

-171789

13505

14005

240039

400063

391076

-442128

-557248

-582187

-562738

-562865

38334

30579

80812

35078

39110

2901072

2642387

2775362

3285540

3255314

erovnuli valuta mimoqcevaSi

1753584

1542650

1606258

1999238

1918059

bankebis depozitebi

1147488

1099737

1169103

1286302

1337255

752332

760194

821984

891592

874358

752332

760194

821984

891592

874358

164433

222443

272620

335152

270702

9304

9909

15599

25175

70788

230723

117100

74500

59558

192195

sarezervo fuli

savaldebulo rezervebi maT Soris: ucxouri valutiT naSTebi sakorespondento angariSebze maT Soris: ucxouri valutiT sxva depozitebi sadepozito valdebulebebi

146

01.04.12

245

426

161

erovnuli valutiT

245

426

161

ucxouri valutiT

7. სხვა დეპოზიტური კორპორაციების მიმოხილვა 01.01.12 wminda ucxouri aqtivebi ucxouri valutis rezervebi ucxouri fasiani qaRaldebi investiciebi sazRvargareT

01.04.12

01.07.12

01.10.12

01.01.13

-2450601

-2582908

-2799193

-2392462

-2823999

814371

613186

473113

1085278

1117282

109

143

15479

16674

13834

10460

10881

sesxebi ararezidentebze

91783

95887

100007

134476

140014

ucxouri valdebulebebi

-3350805

-3281941

-3346155

-3577611

-4042863

-21538

-26761

-40136

-45065

-49313

8109384

8137580

8697661

8548074

9177708

197401

139789

195871

245808

337243

391482

392048

473640

459403

527902

520925

489958

518364

519166

526468

59108

36708

42164

42241

52197

-175702

-119687

-73658

-89171

-37910

-12848

-14932

-13230

-12833

-12853

-158022

-228789

-254167

-181166

-135760

sxva wminda ucxouri aqtivebi wminda saSinao aqtivebi mTavrobis wminda davalianeba centraluri mTavrobis wminda davalianeba saxazino valdebulebebi sesxebi centralur mTavrobas centraluri mTavrobis depozitebi finansTa saministros sesxebi kerZo biznesis ganviTarebisTvis adgilobrivi mTavrobis wminda davalianeba sesxebi adgilobriv mTavrobas adgilobrivi mTavrobis depozitebi misaRebi procentebi saxelmwifo arasafinanso korporaciebis davalianeba maT Soris sesxebi ucxouri valutiT sxva arasafinanso korporaciebis davalianeba maT Soris sesxebi ucxouri valutiT fizikuri pirebis davalianeba maT Soris sesxebi ucxouri valutiT kerZo seqtoris sxva davalianeba

531

465

407

347

286

-158553

-229254

-254574

-181513

-136046

-36059

-23470

-23602

-32429

-54900

65669

75130

75219

78507

74460

47597

55200

53525

66633

57013

4706355

4751990

5096125

5155927

5194299

3575686

3573628

3812306

3910177

3965455

2927889

2992057

3161806

3321012

3415852

1655058

1681701

1740338

1811795

1810215

318995

326323

433833

384965

398987

bankebis rezervebi

1231738

1214817

1357535

1593068

1513674

lari salaroSi

314593

265822

262225

365893

368031

savaldebulo rezervebi

752712

761157

822763

892035

874940

naSTebi sakorespondento angariSebze bankebis wminda davalianeba sxva sadepozito korporaciebis davalianeba valdebulebebi sxva depozituri korporaciebis mimarT

164433

187838

272546

335140

270702

670184

705773

432196

241301

382730

580900

485348

461962

410139

480408 -461488

-570075

-475124

-446523

-390446

seb–is davalianeba

672945

709818

657045

622386

755089

valdebulebebi seb–is winaSe

-13586

-14269

-240287

-400777

-391279

-2008846

-2068300

-2054924

-2472514

-2139537

1647980

1698997

1739634

1769402

1800499

sxva muxlebi, wminda sxva aqtivebi sxva valdebulebebi

-3656827

-3767297

-3794558

-4241916

-3940036

sesxebi sxva rezidenti arasafinanso korporaciebidan

-153197

-151584

-150327

-151513

-151119

fuladi bazris instrumentebi

-200965

-203021

-123661

-507263

-70934

-3302664

-3412691

-3520570

-3583140

-3717983

5658783

5554672

5898467

6155612

6353709

erovnuli valutiT

2344186

2283924

2341780

2417378

2519132

ucxouri valutiT

3314598

3270748

3556687

3738234

3834577

sxva valdebulebebi sadepozito valdebulebebi

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

(aTasi lari)

147

8. დეპოზიტური კორპორაციების მიმოხილვა (aTasi lari) 01.01.12 wminda ucxouri aqtivebi

01.10.12

629032

01.01.13

1374880

978709

3767342

3802709

3359087

3393581

3428226

wminda ucxouri aqtivebi (sdk)

-2450601

-2582908

-2799193

6189291

6021071

6613894

6414239

6925030

8148584

8047004

8571752

8832176

9006128

127006

-101011

-197587

-110456

-79534

saSinao sesxebi mTavrobis wminda davalianeba

-2392462 -2823999

centraluri mTavrobis wminda davalianeba (seb)

-70395

-240800

-393458

-356264

-416777

centraluri mTavrobis wminda davalianeba (sdk)

391482

392048

473640

459403

527902

adgilobrivi mTavrobis wminda davalianeba (seb)

adgilobrivi mTavrobis wminda davalianeba (sdk)

-158022

-228789

-254167

-181166

-135760

misaRebi procentebi (seb)

misaRebi procentebi (sdk)

-36059

-23470

-23602

-32429

-54900

65669

75130

75219

78507

74460

65669

75130

75219

78507

74460 5194299

saxelmwifo arasafinanso korporaciebis davalianeba saxelmwifo arasafinanso korporaciebis davalianeba (seb) saxelmwifo arasafinanso korporaciebis davalianeba (sdk) sxva arasafinanso korporaciebis davalianeba

4706355

4751990

5096125

5155927

sxva arasafinanso korporaciebis davalianeba (seb)

sxva arasafinanso korporaciebis davalianeba (sdk)

4706355

4751990

5096125

5155927

5194299 3417915

fizikuri pirebis davalianeba

2930560

2994572

3164162

3323233

fizikuri pirebis davalianeba (seb)

2671

2514

2356

2221

2063

fizikuri pirebis davalianeba (sdk)

2927889

2992057

3161806

3321012

3415852

318995

326323

433833

384965

398987

318995

326323

433833

384965

398987

-1959293

-2025932

-1957857

-2417937 -2081098

-1537776

-1612401

-1430439

-1413899 -1469934

-428622

-543243

-342147

-162675

-171789

-1147488

-1099737

-1169103

kerZo seqtoris sxva davalianeba kerZo seqtoris sxva davalianeba (seb) sxva muxlebi, wminda sxva muxlebi, wminda (seb) საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

01.07.12

810673

wminda ucxouri aqtivebi (seb)

wminda saSinao aqtivebi

bankebis wminda davalianeba valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis winaSe valdebulebebi sxva depozituri korporaciebis mimarT sxva wminda aqtivebi

-1286302 -1337255

38334

30579

80812

35078

39110

-421517

-413531

-527418

-1004038

-611164

savaldebulo rezervebi

752712

761157

822763

892035

874940

naSTebi sakorespondento angariSebze

164433

187838

272546

335140

270702

bankebis wminda davalianeba

670184

705773

432196

241301

382730

-2008846

-2068300

-2054924

7097777

6831744

7242927

7789119

7903739

sxva muxlebi, wminda (sdk)

sxva muxlebi, wminda monetaruli agregati (M3) monetaruli agregati (M2)

-2472514 -2139537

3783180

3560996

3686240

4050885

4069162

monetaruli agregati (M1)

3137907

2949511

3011487

3383881

3336948

bankebs gareT arsebuli naRdi fuli(M0)

1438992

1276827

1344033

1633345

1550028

depozitebi moTxovnamde erovnul valutaSi

1698916

1672683

1667454

1750536

1786920

645272

611485

674753

667003

732214

3314598

3270748

3556687

3738234

3834577

vadiani depozitebi erovnuli valutiT depozitebi ucxour valutaSi

148

01.04.12

908486

9. მონეტარული კოეფიციენტების დინამიკა (periodis bolosaTvis)

savaldebulo rezervebi

k/b-is sakorespondento angariSebi seb-Si

naRdi fuli k/b-Si

k/b-is rezervebis saerTo Tanxa

dolarizaciis koeficienti

fulis multiplikatori (M2)

fulis multiplikatori (M3)

1.24

2.68

fulis mimoqcevis siCqare (M2)

fulis mimoqcevis siCqare (M3)

procentulad komerciuli bankebis sadepozito valdebulebebTan

2011 ianvari

10.75

4.17

4.80

19.72

67.94

Tebervali

15.60

3.97

4.63

24.20

67.13

1.14

2.45

marti

16.35

2.85

4.50

23.70

67.17

1.18

2.55

aprili

15.81

5.33

4.59

25.73

63.19

1.20

2.42

maisi

16.33

4.49

4.45

25.26

64.76

1.19

2.46

ivnisi

15.87

3.72

4.44

24.04

65.62

1.20

2.52

ivlisi

16.16

3.65

4.69

24.50

62.77

1.23

2.45

agvisto

15.49

2.66

4.67

22.82

62.88

1.24

2.47

seqtemberi

13.81

5.34

4.84

23.99

63.93

1.24

2.53

oqtomberi

14.54

5.81

4.96

25.32

61.67

1.25

2.46

noemberi

14.60

5.22

4.90

24.72

61.05

1.28

2.48

dekemberi

13.29

2.91

5.56

21.76

58.57

1.30

2.45

ianvari

14.15

3.97

4.68

22.80

57.49

1.31

2.45

Tebervali

14.07

3.04

4.32

21.43

56.93

1.32

2.45

marti

13.69

4.00

4.79

22.48

58.88

1.35

2.59

aprili

13.87

5.29

4.74

23.90

56.09

1.37

2.52

maisi

12.81

5.13

4.14

22.08

60.12

1.36

2.69

ivnisi

13.94

4.62

4.45

23.00

60.30

1.33

2.61

ivlisi

12.80

2.76

4.09

19.65

61.23

1.33

2.68

agvisto

13.64

5.60

4.47

23.71

61.40

1.29

2.57

seqtemberi

14.48

5.44

5.94

25.87

60.73

1.23

2.37

oqtomberi

13.91

4.66

4.84

23.41

61.75

1.27

2.50

noemberi

13.83

2.88

5.04

21.74

62.54

1.29

2.60

dekemberi

13.76

4.26

5.79

23.81

60.35

1.25

2.43

8.91

4.13

8.28

3.95

7.55

3.71

6.43

3.43

7.34

3.83

7.09

3.61

6.45

3.36

6.42

3.31

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

2012

149

10. მონეტარული პოლიტიკის საპროცენტო განაკვეთი

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

TariRi

150

saprocento ganakveTi, %

TariRi

saprocento ganakveTi, %

23-01-2008

10.00

07-07-2010

6.25

20-02-2008

11.00

21-07-2010

6.50

19-03-2008

11.00

18-08-2010

6.50

16-04-2008

12.00

15-09-2010

7.00

14-05-2008

12.00

27-10-2010

7.50

25-06-2008

12.00

24-11-2010

7.50

23-07-2008

12.00

22-12-2010

7.50

20-08-2008

11.00

18-01-2011

7.50

10-09-2008

10.00

16-02-2011

8.00

17-09-2008

10.00

16-03-2011

8.00

15-10-2008

10.00

13-04-2011

8.00

26-11-2008

9.00

25-05-2011

8.00

24-12-2008

8.00

22-06-2011

8.00

21-01-2009

8.00

20-07-2011

7.75

18-02-2009

7.00

17-08-2011

7.50

18-03-2009

6.50

14-09-2011

7.50

15-04-2009

6.00

26-10-2011

7.25

13-05-2009

6.00

22-11-2011

7.00

24-06-2009

6.00

21-12-2011

6.75

22-07-2009

6.00

18-01-2012

6.50

19-08-2009

6.00

15-02-2012

6.50

16-09-2009

6.00

28-03-2012

6.50

13-10-2009

6.00

25-04-2012

6.25

25-11-2009

5.00

23-05-2012

6.00

23-12-2009

5.00

20-06-2012

5.75

20-01-2010

5.00

18-07-2012

5.75

17-02-2010

5.00

29-08-2012

5.75

17-03-2010

5.00

26-09-2012

5.75

14-04-2010

5.00

24-10-2012

5.75

25-05-2010

5.00

21-11-2012

5.50

16-06-2010

6.25

19-12-2012

5.25

SeniSvna: 2008 wlis 20 agvistos CaTvliT monetaruli politikis saprocento ganakveTis dasadgenad gamoiyeneboda iseTi instrumenti, rogoricaa 7-dRiani sadepozito sertifikati, xolo aRniSnuli TariRis Semdeg gamoiyeneba 7-dRiani refinansirebis ganakveTi.

11. კომერციული ბანკების კრებსითი აქტივებისა და პასივების დინამიკა

naRdi fuladi saxsrebi fuladi saxsrebi sabanko angariSebze fasiani qaRaldebi dilinguri operaciebisaTvis

1.01.12

1.04.12

1.07.12

1.10.12

1.01.13

515339

454868

456589

807047

740685

2327174

1993332

1894936

2324019

2544320

16290

16674

14064

10691

11111

956884

1039258

1092467

1069920

1078033

7202713

7315898

7785155

8018469

8124213

22715

462

404

345

284

7695135

7813422

8323325

8575879

8711798

21207

21181

21144

21180

21173

536344

519168

559719

578935

609041

99732

111121

120344

124180

115674

investiciebi sawesdebo kapitalSi

287159

294983

401167

355475

369406

ZiriTadi saSualebebi da aramaterialuri aqtivebi

938531

956545

964466

972484

990278

sxva wminda aqtivebi

335263

341918

373891

373409

380981

mTliani aqtivebi

12679085

12524597

13103079

14055694

14354701

valdebulebebi

10574724

10293016

10789764

11751131

11964638

607228

540295

518817

481847

553503

6744967

6766712

7185624

7483620

7649851

3277686

3191019

3249205

3350774

3269793

sainvesticio fasiani qaRaldebi wminda sesxebi sesxebi saxelmwifo seqtors sesxebi kerZo seqtors (bankTaSorisi sesxebis garda) bankTaSorisi sesxebi sesxebis SesaZlo danakargebis rezervebi (-) daricxuli misaRebi procentebi da dividendebi

bankebis depozitebi arasabanko depozitebi depozitebi moTxovnamde m.S. samTavrobo seqtoris vadiani depozitebi m.S. samTavrobo seqtoris daricxuli gadasaxdeli procentebi da dividendebi nasesxebi saxsrebi

333438

345818

325213

268382

173040

3467281

3575693

3936419

4132846

4380058

266

1215

215

233

247

135196

140540

151996

179361

172321

2640581

2432052

2616085

2870454

3266420

sxva valdebulebebi

446751

413416

317243

735850

322543

sul saaqcio kapitali

2104361

2231581

2313315

2304563

2390064

ganaRdebuli sawesdebo kapitali

837393

874184

830729

830885

849327

kapitalis rezervebi

942515

1023398

1111406

1052773

1132016

gaunawilebeli mogeba

324453

333999

371180

420905

408721

12679085

12524597

13103079

14055694

14354701

mTliani pasivebi

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

(aTasi lari)

151

12. კომერციული ბანკების სესხებისა და დეპოზიტების მოცულობა და საშუალო წლიური შეწონილი საპროცენტო განაკვეთები 1.01.12

1.04.12

1.07.12

1.10.12

1.01.13

aTasi lari sul sesxebi erovnuli valutiT iuridiul da fizikur pirebze

sesxebi ucxouri valutiT iuridiul da fizikur pirebze

2336524

2417808

2627335

2652483

2713720

moklevadiani

965770

993009

1096147

1073027

1094257

grZelvadiani

1370755

1424798

1531187

1579456

1619463

sul

5182383

5210385

5504239

5711459

5775572

moklevadiani

824954

843186

849869

944032

925294

grZelvadiani

4357429

4367199

4654370

4767427

4850277

892288

869965

930132

942074

1057363

sul vadiani depozitebi erovnuli valutiT

moklevadiani

736687

664627

726154

763700

866141

grZelvadiani

155601

205338

203978

178374

191222

3145943

3324115

3651351

3862721

4075106

sul vadiani depozitebi ucxouri valutiT

moklevadiani

1852439

1900504

2118384

2261338

2494940

grZelvadiani

1293504

1423610

1532968

1601383

1580165

saprocento ganakveTebi, % sesxebi erovnuli valutiT iuridiul da fizikur pirebze

sesxebi ucxouri valutiT iuridiul da fizikur pirebze

sul

22.7

22.5

21.8

moklevadiani

27.4

26.8

25.3

25.6

25.8

grZelvadiani

19.3

19.4

19.3

19.1

sul

14.4

14.5

14.4

14.3

14.0

moklevadiani

16.5

16.6

16.3

15.6

15.4

grZelvadiani

14.0

14.1

14.0

13.7

9.8

9.3

9.1

9.0

sul depozitebi erovnuli valutiT

moklevadiani

9.0

7.9

8.0

7.9

grZelvadiani

14.0

13.7

14.0

14.1

8.4

8.3

8.1

8.2

8.0

sul საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

depozitebi ucxouri valutiT

152

moklevadiani

7.2

7.0

7.2

7.1

grZelvadiani

10.0

9.7

9.6

9.5

13. კომერციული ბანკების მიერ გაცემული ვადიანი სესხებით დავალიანება (ბანკთაშორისი სესხების გარეშე) (aTasi lari) maT Soris: sesxebiT davalianeba, sul erovnuli valutiT

ucxouri valutiT

1.01.12

7518908

2336524

5182383

1.02.12

7447081

2322779

5124303

1.03.12

7450241

2360785

5089456

1.04.12

7628193

2417808

5210385

1.05.12

7550544

2464540

5086004

1.06.12

7706285

2492559

5213726

1.07.12

8131574

2627335

5504239

1.08.12

8245016

2656222

5588794

1.09.12

8180387

2584785

5595602

1.10.12

8363942

2652483

5711459

1.11.12

8326420

2634589

5691831

1.12.12

8345655

2643422

5702233

1.01.13

8489292

2713720

5775572

14. კომერციული ბანკების ვადაგადაცილებული სესხებით დავალიანება (ბანკთაშორისი სესხების გარეშე) (aTasi lari) maT Soris: erovnuli valutiT

ucxouri valutiT

1.01.12

198942

61138

137804

1.02.12

193781

64140

129641

1.03.12

217809

67199

150609

1.04.12

185691

63473

122218

1.05.12

213512

67594

145918

1.06.12

204889

68947

135941

1.07.12

192156

67750

124406

1.08.12

203082

70505

132577

1.09.12

244619

105922

138698

1.10.12

212283

78170

134113

1.11.12

242219

98092

144127

1.12.12

227031

104363

122669

1.01.13

222790

106930

115859

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

vadagadacilebuli davalianeba, sul

153

15. სავალუტო ბაზარზე აშშ დოლარით განხორციელებული ოპერაციები komerciuli bankebis mier nayidi aSS dolari maT Soris: seb-is savaluto auqcionis garda: sul

seb-is savaluto auqcionze

aqedan: erovnuli bankidan

kom. bankebidan

ararezidenti bankebidan

iuridiuli pirebisgan

fizikuri pirebisgan

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

aTasi aSS dolari

154

2011 ianvari Tebervali marti aprili maisi ivnisi ivlisi agvisto seqtemberi oqtomberi noemberi dekemberi

13148733 632390 742412 1038261 857399 926454 983308 869973 1096725 1297985 1620628 1443607 1639593

80000 20000 10000 50000 -

1070723 90503 83683 106902 101308 82302 95213 69240 70579 77285 91075 82477 120156

6261451 207000 319430 525996 345844 374487 370260 333269 555192 662593 943298 787766 836317

3881738 205508 224817 275554 284027 277767 348338 273300 274251 379018 415246 438282 485631

1854822 109380 104482 129809 126220 141898 169497 194164 196703 179089 171009 135082 197489

2012 ianvari Tebervali marti aprili maisi ivnisi ivlisi agvisto seqtemberi oqtomberi noemberi dekemberi

13849053 1164876 1153472 1293713 1300772 1231162 1240811 1347126 1240609 1261964 947134 751097 916318

65000 10000 15000 30000 10000 -

1362419 80942 90635 89222 110365 129656 122016 116567 136835 119070 96344 102965 167802

6250116 684844 676022 656288 703466 547749 620607 547094 543158 578075 357875 189866 145072

4234983 272478 270135 399191 346343 381230 321345 456517 367529 398900 294630 293259 433425

1936535 126612 116680 149012 140598 172527 176843 216948 193086 150919 168284 155007 170019

15. სავალუტო ბაზარზე აშშ დოლარით განხორციელებული ოპერაციები gagrZeleba komerciuli bankebis mier gayiduli aSS dolari maT Soris: sul

seb-is savaluto auqcionze

aqedan: erovnul bankze

seb-is savaluto auqcionis garda: kom. bankebze

ararezident bankebze

iuridiul pirebze

fizikur pirebze

13424206 656044 757682 1054558 868788 948440 986235 872128 1146794 1313539 1666261 1426495 1727244

380000 40000 60000 25000 20000 20000 30000 55000 50000 80000

1068085 95709 75754 107266 100759 83234 89664 67807 70258 78775 91173 87527 120157

6545978 207140 337638 531326 311094 394668 422890 390776 585102 731703 920097 788740 924806

4550674 297152 288986 312820 328984 404879 381546 326600 398120 411354 471188 423951 505095

879469 56041 55303 63145 67952 65659 67136 66945 73315 61706 128803 76277 97186

2012 ianvari Tebervali marti aprili maisi ivnisi ivlisi agvisto seqtemberi oqtomberi noemberi dekemberi

14379245 1296351 1168283 1223923 1350427 1444809 1188500 1486617 1289760 1218017 990710 758043 963803

220000 15000 15000 45000 70000 35000 40000

1362419 80942 90634 89222 110365 129656 122016 116567 136835 119070 96344 102966 167802

6836496 791984 637493 588119 730541 769742 612213 781082 617813 534924 402860 181561 188164

5089634 355667 346395 480566 438858 433688 390042 445657 432210 450308 417196 411794 487254

870696 67758 78761 66017 55662 66723 64230 73310 67902 113715 74310 61723 80583

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

aTasi aSS dolari 2011 ianvari Tebervali marti aprili maisi ivnisi ivlisi agvisto seqtemberi oqtomberi noemberi dekemberi

155

16. სავალუტო ბაზარზე ევროთი განხორციელებული ოპერაციები (aTasi evro)

nayidi evro aqedan: sul kom. bankebidan 2011

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

iuridiuli pirebidan

fizikuri pirebidan

4274892

185522

3258900

491887

338582

ianvari

198750

19456

135869

25427

17998

Tebervali

273406

30768

197053

18744

26842

marti

311570

11305

255809

25224

19232

aprili

193809

9502

139255

23592

21460

maisi

219210

8980

165461

24253

20515

ivnisi

230308

10151

165772

31736

22648

ivlisi

182426

9115

106011

37392

29908

agvisto

266075

8953

192442

32027

32653

seqtemberi

501867

15861

419630

43799

22577

oqtomberi

608160

16666

490328

54547

46620

noemberi

532405

22382

380683

95106

34234

dekemberi

756906

22384

610586

80040

43896

4932760

357760

3504581

782408

288011

ianvari

577090

14928

203749

331296

27118

Tebervali

534962

9235

463400

36271

26057

marti

459234

19549

349092

60763

29830

aprili

463783

20128

386317

39704

17634

maisi

593404

27693

509900

38072

17740

ivnisi

479794

29180

391589

37296

21729

ivlisi

546340

31707

448956

41126

24551

agvisto

324657

45456

198414

47392

33396

seqtemberi

260233

31098

159335

39131

30669

oqtomberi

343811

41888

244472

36507

20944

noemberi

183866

38411

94199

33751

17506

dekemberi

165585

48488

55159

41101

20837

2012

156

ararezidenti bankebidan

16. სავალუტო ბაზარზე ევროთი განხორციელებული ოპერაციები (aTasi evro) gagrZeleba gayiduli evro aqedan: kom. bankebze 2011

ararezident bankebze

iuridiul pirebze

fizikur pirebze

4206112

150069

2749130

903634

403279

ianvari

209997

16889

133041

51667

8399

Tebervali

254145

19813

183133

43523

7677

marti

312944

5818

240498

58289

8339

aprili

210184

9502

142457

48682

9542

maisi

203991

6142

125648

57344

14856

ivnisi

231162

6718

124457

85968

14018

ivlisi

168444

9076

67672

71264

20432

agvisto

304158

10336

204226

73071

16526

seqtemberi

502597

15854

363247

95460

28035

oqtomberi

614474

11016

465290

64353

73815

noemberi

556663

17296

390302

120024

29041

dekemberi

637353

21608

309159

133987

172599

2012

4952658

358747

3092548

1299588

201775

ianvari

581686

15581

205329

345959

14816

Tebervali

574117

9234

488037

64478

12368

marti

520409

19744

401040

87379

12247

aprili

459916

20266

340377

86767

12506

maisi

459826

27693

314293

100008

17832

ivnisi

551108

29180

400794

105353

15781

ivlisi

440100

31708

288887

101058

18447

agvisto

316767

45456

151517

107178

12616

seqtemberi

290226

31098

159553

83387

16188

oqtomberi

344543

41888

194576

75060

33019

noemberi

237033

38411

104152

72087

22382

dekemberi

176928

48488

43993

70874

13573

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

sul

157

17. გაცვლითი კურსები: ლარი/აშშ დოლარი Tvis bolos

saSualod Tvis ganmavlobaSi

2011 ianvari

1.8089

1.7959

Tebervali

1.7568

1.7760

marti

1.7059

1.7122

aprili

1.6408

1.6652

maisi

1.6658

1.6759

ivnisi

1.6665

1.6548

ivlisi

1.6549

1.6658

agvisto

1.6457

1.6508

seqtemberi

1.6610

1.6619

oqtomberi

1.6592

1.6604

noemberi

1.6583

1.6587

dekemberi

1.6703

1.6603

ianvari

1.6690

1.6693

Tebervali

1.6636

1.6582

marti

1.6600

1.6534

aprili

1.6268

1.6366

maisi

1.6258

1.6265

ivnisi

1.6451

1.6351

ivlisi

1.6592

1.6523

agvisto

1.6606

1.6476

seqtemberi

1.6593

1.6539

oqtomberi

1.6607

1.6599

noemberi

1.6565

1.6624

dekemberi

1.6567

1.6599

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

2012

158

18. გაცვლითი კურსები: ლარი/ევრო Tvis bolos

saSualod Tvis ganmavlobaSi

2011 ianvari

2.4843

2.4015

Tebervali

2.4216

2.4223

marti

2.4036

2.3961

aprili

2.4384

2.4017

maisi

2.3799

2.4109

ivnisi

2.4054

2.3792

ivlisi

2.3554

2.3805

agvisto

2.3716

2.3648

seqtemberi

2.2641

2.2970

oqtomberi

2.3491

2.2741

noemberi

2.2234

2.2533

dekemberi

2.1614

2.1911

ianvari

2.1906

2.1546

Tebervali

2.2350

2.1932

marti

2.2149

2.1837

aprili

2.1532

2.1558

maisi

2.0210

2.0894

ivnisi

2.0704

2.0465

ivlisi

2.0360

2.0343

agvisto

2.0826

2.0398

seqtemberi

2.1461

2.1250

oqtomberi

2.1509

2.1531

noemberi

2.1516

2.1317

dekemberi

2.1825

2.1749

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

2012

159

19. საგადასახდელო ბალანსი (aTasi aSS dolari) 2005

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

-709,656.8

-1,175,530.5

-2,009,407.7

-2,812,982.0

-1,133,894.4

-1,192,267.1

-1,844,134.8

-1,213,903.4

-2,019,354.3

-2,895,825.2

-3,836,195.6

-2,399,851.7

-2,590,073.9

-3,493,817.8

-4,213,883.9

krediti

1,472,437.3

1,666,525.9

2,088,284.8

2,427,979.4

1,893,602.4

2,462,201.6

3,254,492.3

3,500,815.8

-2,686,340.7

-3,685,880.2

-4,984,110.0

-6,264,175.0

-4,293,454.1

-5,052,275.5

-6,748,310.1

-7,714,699.7

83,591.0

157,823.9

161,189.4

21,029.6

339,725.8

513,453.9

747,625.1

1,101,092.6

debeti b. momsaxureba krediti debeti g. Semosavali krediti

-1,814,058.0

715,043.4

885,085.8

1,094,109.4

1,260,454.0

1,313,609.0

1,598,771.3

2,008,157.3

2,541,451.7

-631,452.4

-727,261.9

-932,920.0

-1,239,424.4

-973,883.3

-1,085,317.3

-1,260,532.3

-1,440,359.1

61,617.9

162,056.4

36,774.3

-58,170.9

-41,272.3

-214,121.5

-426,615.4

-103,199.4

263,327.0

341,216.6

482,511.4

586,234.2

489,267.4

556,598.1

758,045.8

1,054,192.5

-201,709.1

-179,160.2

-445,737.1

-644,405.2

-530,539.7

-770,719.7

-1,184,661.2

-1,157,391.9

359,037.6

523,943.4

688,453.8

1,060,354.9

967,503.8

1,098,474.4

1,328,673.3

1,401,932.7

krediti

413,435.0

586,956.8

768,455.9

1,142,020.1

1,038,523.1

1,183,436.5

1,458,538.1

1,509,601.3

debeti

-54,397.4

-63,013.4

-80,002.1

-81,665.2

-71,019.3

-84,962.1

-129,864.7

-107,668.5

683,236.2

1,237,428.0

2,042,835.7

2,857,311.5

1,093,087.9

1,208,939.8

1,815,390.4

1,838,041.7

debeti d. mimdinare transfertebi

kapitalisa da finansuri angariSi

58,644.3

171,156.2

127,945.8

112,284.0

182,504.2

206,440.2

153,244.2

133,514.0

krediti

61,571.4

172,194.8

128,250.9

112,422.7

182,614.6

206,594.5

153,465.3

133,945.5

debeti

-2,927.1

-1,038.6

-305.1

-138.7

-110.5

-154.3

-221.1

-431.6

624,591.9

1,066,271.7

1,914,889.9

2,745,027.6

910,583.7

1,002,499.6

1,662,146.2

1,704,527.8

542,229.6

1,185,908.8

1,673,898.6

1,417,699.0

677,421.2

678,689.5

970,807.7

602,622.7

kapitalis angariSi

finansuri angariSi a. pirdapiri investiciebi sazRvargareT

89,477.3

15,831.4

-76,344.0

-146,612.1

18,526.2

-135,148.0

-146,616.1

-263,451.4

452,752.3

1,170,077.4

1,750,242.6

1,564,311.1

658,895.0

813,837.5

1,117,423.8

866,074.0

15,484.8

140,250.4

21,052.5

623,193.8

10,543.1

250,493.5

133,208.4

838,988.1

aqtivebi

13,066.0

-2,188.5

-12,662.6

675.6

-1,130.9

-610.3

47.7

-41,997.7

pasivebi

2,418.8

142,438.9

33,715.1

622,518.2

11,674.0

251,103.8

133,160.6

880,985.8

0.0

1,066.8

7,778.8

567.4

790.1

5,125.0

5,403.5

0.0

1,247.8

11,079.7

1,105.8

1,750.3

12,132.1

10,652.3

sazRvargareTidan b. portfelis investiciebi

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

2007

a. saqoneli

mimdinare angariSi

160

2006

g. finansuri warmoebulebi aqtivebi pasivebi d. sxva investiciebi

0.0

-181.0

-3,300.9

-538.5

-960.2

-7,007.1

-5,248.7

177,447.6

178,749.7

595,899.2

827,061.1

838,479.1

280,495.2

1,125,419.6

295,684.6

aqtivebi

-16,251.5

-56,457.2

-204,706.2

-279,565.7

107,676.4

-419,216.6

199,335.5

-341,763.1

pasivebi

193,699.0

235,206.9

800,605.4

1,106,626.8

730,802.7

699,711.8

926,084.2

637,447.7

-110,570.1

-438,637.1

-377,027.1

-130,705.1

-616,427.0

-207,968.6

-572,414.5

-38,171.1

wminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebi

26,420.6

-61,897.4

-33,428.0

-44,329.5

40,806.5

-16,672.7

28,744.4

-23,983.7

gansakuTrebuli dafinanseba

67,091.9

7,785.3

80,002.9

783,800.1

-38,708.7

94,558.6

224,601.5

132,909.1

e. sarezervo aqtivebi

20. საერთაშორისო საინვესტიციო პოზიცია (periodis bolos; aTasi aSS dolari)

2005 saerTaSoriso sainvesticio pozicia, wminda aqtivebi

2006

-3,935,213.9

2007

2008

-5,089,485.4 -7,004,745.0

2009

2010

2011

2012

-9,503,917.9 -10,715,630.9 -11,714,514.0 -13,584,716.4 -15,504,315.9

1,106,487.3

1,624,759.3

2,620,825.0

3,192,977.7

3,711,857.6

4,525,032.7

4,981,375.2

5,710,925.3

110,269.6

94,544.4

418,036.7

602,227.0

581,217.0

794,368.2

890,876.3

1,195,202.0

14.4

2,203.1

7,739.5

245.4

1,433.5

1,998.8

1,926.6

43,320.2

0.0

57.9

158.2

745.1

1,493.4

4,165.9

49.5

sxva investiciebi

517,729.5

597,161.9

833,834.6

1,110,189.9

1,018,050.5

1,463,241.5

1,266,146.3

1,599,372.2

sarezervo aqtivebi

478,473.8

930,849.9 1,361,156.3

1,480,157.2

2,110,411.4

2,263,930.8

2,818,260.0

2,872,981.4

9,625,570.0

12,696,895.6

14,427,488.5

16,239,546.6

18,566,091.6

21,215,241.3

3,559,201.4 5,356,064.5

6,762,773.8

7,442,893.3

8,326,743.5

9,589,123.4 10,352,087.3

pirdapiri investiciebi sazRvargareT portfelis investiciebi finansuri warmoebulebi

valdebulebebi pirdapiri investiciebi saqarTveloSi portfelis investiciebi finansuri warmoebulebi sxva investiciebi

5,041,701.2 2,373,600.3

6,714,244.7

15,085.9

181,231.9

277,978.4

715,053.9

898,362.7

1,152,457.3

1,259,311.7

2,313,111.6

0.0

9.3

108.5

335.2

218.0

367.5

385.3

2,973,811.4 3,991,517.8

5,218,959.4

6,085,897.3

6,760,127.8

7,717,288.9

8,549,657.1

2,653,014.9

21. მთლიანი საგარეო ვალი 2006 samTavrobo seqtori

2007

1,440,477.0

2008

1,584,821.2

2,087,572.1

2009 2,743,749.4

2010 3,342,699.0

2011 3,691,699.4

2012 4,246,133.9

moklevadiani

113,295.8

79,147.1

75,800.4

73,344.5

64,100.4

69,740.1

95,945.9

grZelvadiani

1,327,181.2

1,505,674.1

2,011,771.7

2,670,404.9

3,278,598.5

3,621,959.2

4,150,187.9

erovnuli banki

294,690.8

254,221.4

460,954.0

913,873.7

876,513.9

815,029.4

582,340.1

moklevadiani

18.3

19.4

782.9

979.8

1,396.3

1,197.0

1,267.8

grZelvadiani

294,672.6

254,202.0

460,171.1

912,894.0

875,117.7

813,832.5

581,072.2

548,668.1

1,295,028.4

1,874,812.9

1,498,722.2

1,597,440.8

2,121,864.4

2,472,057.4

moklevadiani

221,317.5

399,973.2

565,556.5

353,749.3

454,923.4

902,009.1

1,014,854.3

grZelvadiani

327,350.6

895,055.2

1,309,256.4

1,144,972.9

1,142,517.3

1,219,855.3

1,457,203.0

bankebi

sxva seqtorebi

689,975.5

857,446.8

1,128,132.9

1,439,060.0

1,760,429.1

2,077,748.4

3,216,778.5

moklevadiani

219,896.3

224,698.0

390,197.1

517,756.6

574,031.3

650,489.1

874,855.1

grZelvadiani

470,079.1

632,748.8

737,935.7

921,303.4

1,186,397.8

1,427,259.3

2,341,923.4

826,723.9

1,798,723.3

2,102,244.0

2,215,304.0

2,468,838.2

2,787,893.6

2,840,668.5

3,800,535.3

5,790,241.1

7,653,715.9

8,810,709.3

10,045,920.9

11,494,235.2

13,357,978.4

pirdapiri investiciebi: kompaniaTaSorisi sesxebi

mTliani sagareo vali

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

(periodis bolos; aTasi aSS dolari)

161

22. საგარეო ვაჭრობა (araregistrirebuli vaWrobis gareSe; aTasi aSS dolari)

sul

ian

Teb

mar

apr

mai

ivn

ivl

agv

seq

oqt

170475

110824

noe

dek

71227

74444

eqsporti (FOB) 2008

1495345

96157

101214

131397

135533

144223

187019

160785

112046

2009

1133622

61993

73883

81964

2010

1677472

106064

109307

125094

90575

98334

106637

102008

112227

92627

103822

97243

112309

126733

144566

123019

149517

121491

156667

161727

164688

188598

2011

2189136

149011

146579

169493

191970

199783

180199

149151

184408

180853

186641

198252

252797

2012

2377455

156827

148462

231412

187723

234712

179293

211517

200247

218172

216905

193674

198512

importi (CIF) 2008

6301540

402575

473805

527727

579390

610953

600701

629238

438215

543482

553710

442400

499343

2009

4500244

342173

313305

368422

324332

325014

388588

396599

369105

383617

424156

392446

472488

2010

5257122

293895

331406

438594

391466

443586

415755

422418

454070

456766

503427

494135

611604

2011

7057760

451309

423794

583825

531280

561217

567722

573950

682822

616128

666127

667819

731767

2012

7842109

500829

556671

667475

691515

680310

626996

684801

687696

727884

711613

637684

668635

2010

5095073

277874

320251

420387

382440

424381

403582

411336

431822

438510

492087

486296

606107

sagareo savaWro brunva 2008

7796886

1897920

569962

628941

710788

746486

744924

816258

599000

655529

724186

553224

570570

2009

5633866

404165

387188

450386

414907

423348

495225

498608

481332

476244

527978

489689

584797

2010

6934594

399960

440713

563688

518199

588153

538774

571935

575561

613433

665153

658822

800202

2011

9246896

600320

570372

753318

723250

761000

747921

723101

867229

796981

852768

866071

984564

2012

10219564

657656

705133

898887

879238

915022

806289

896318

887943

946055

928518

831358

867147

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

sagareo savaWro balansi

162

2008

-4806195

1092770 -377648 -426513 -447993 -475421 -456477 -442219 -277430 -431436 -383235 -331577 -428116

2009

-3366622

-280180 -239423 -286457 -233756 -226680 -281951 -294591 -256879 -290990 -320334 -295202 -360178

2010

-3579650

-187831 -222098 -313500 -264734 -299020 -292735 -272901 -332578 -300099 -341700 -329447 -423006

2011

-4868624

-302299 -277215 -414332 -339310 -361433 -387524 -424800 -498414 -435275 -479485 -469567 -478971

2012

-5464654

-344002 -408209 -436063 -503791 -445598 -447704 -473285 -487449 -509712 -494708 -444010 -470123

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri.

23. უმსხვილესი საგარეო სავაჭრო პარტნიორი ქვეყნები (aTasi aSS dolari)

eqsporti (FOB)

importi (CIF)

sagareo savaWro brunva balansi Tanxa

2011 TurqeTi

227583.8

1272426.8

-1044843.0

1500010.6

16.2

azerbaijani

425906.3

610793.5

-184887.2

1036699.8

11.2

ukraina

141246.7

705580.6

-564333.9

846827.3

9.2

CineTi

28885.7

524755.8

-495870.1

553641.5

6.0

germania

49056.5

480587.9

-431531.3

529644.4

5.7

ruseTi

36610.4

389711.6

-353101.3

426322.0

4.6

143466.2

245796.7

-102330.5

389262.8

4.2

93689.0

255553.3

-161864.2

349242.3

3.8

223036.7

59086.5

163950.3

282123.2

3.1

40045.0

226379.0

-186334.0

266424.1

2.9

aSS bulgareTi somxeTi arabTa gaerTianebuli emiratebi umsxvilesi savaWro partniorebis mixedviT

1409526.4

4770671.8

-3361145.3

6180198.2

sul

2189135.7

7057759.7

-5677447.7

9246895.5

100.0

64.4

67.6

59.2

66.8

-1250160.5

1535714.4

15.0

umsxvilesi savaWro partniorebis wili,%

TurqeTi

142777.0

1392937.5

azerbaijani

626854.9

633541.8

-6686.9

1260396.7

12.3

ukraina

167016.3

597099.6

-430083.3

764115.9

7.5

CineTi

25607.1

565950.7

-540343.7

591557.8

5.8

germania

38571.9

541896.7

-503324.7

580468.6

5.7

ruseTi

45816.0

473796.8

-427980.8

519612.9

5.1

226170.9

213156.9

13014.0

439327.8

4.3

69654.7

271475.4

-201820.7

341130.1

3.3

aSS bulgareTi somxeTi

260981.6

70405.5

190576.1

331387.0

3.2

italia

53330.1

270969.3

-217639.1

324299.4

3.2

umsxvilesi savaWro partniorebis mixedviT

1656780.5

5031230.1

-3374449.7

6688010.6

sul

2377455.4

7842108.9

-5498738.8

10219564.3

100.0

69.7

64.2

61.4

65.4

umsxvilesi savaWro partniorebis wili,%

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri.

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

2012

163

24. უმსხვილესი საექსპორტო სასაქონლო ჯგუფები 2011 aTasi aSS dolari eqsporti, sul

2012 %-ulad jamTan

aTasi aSS dolari

%-ulad jamTan

2189135.8

100.0

2377455.0

100.0

msubuqi avtomobilebi

450296.6

20.6

587296.3

24.7

feroSenadnobebi

254910.8

11.6

260477.6

11.0

azotovani sasuqebi

144090.7

6.6

137221.3

5.8

maT Soris:

oqro daumuSavebeli an naxevraddamuSavebuli

109890.0

5.0

87977.3

3.7

Txili da sxva kakali

130085.7

5.9

83659.5

3.5

spirti eTilis aradenaturirebuli 80 moc. %-ze naklebi spirtis koncentraciiT

67852.1

3.1

80026.9

3.4

yurZnis naturaluri Rvinoebi

54103.4

2.5

64871.4

2.7

mineraluri da mtknari wylebi

47606.6

2.2

59340.8

2.5

spilenZis madnebi da koncentratebi

85135.3

3.9

53535.0

2.3

6169.2

0.3

52062.5

2.2

838995.4

38.3

910986.4

38.3

xorbali danarCeni produqcia

25. უმსხვილესი საიმპორტო სასაქონლო ჯგუფები 2011 aTasi aSS dolari importi, sul

2012 %-ulad jamTan

aTasi aSS dolari

%-ulad jamTan

7057759.7

100.0

7842108.9

100.0

navTobi da navTobproduqtebi

910975.5

12.9

951041.5

12.1

msubuqi avtomobilebi

510545.3

7.2

662759.3

8.5

navTobis airebi da airisebri naxSirwyalbadebi

236633.1

3.4

252668.3

3.2

xorbali

184232.2

2.6

239953.2

3.1

samkurnalo saSualebebi

201377.2

2.9

232480.0

3.0

satelefono aparatebi, fiWuri an sxva usadeno qselebisaTvis

133661.1

1.9

118833.4

1.5

75923.0

1.1

104546.1

1.3

102059.7

1.4

92565.4

1.2

sigaretebi

86742.7

1.2

90564.9

1.2

eleqtruli transformatorebi

57855.9

0.8

88482.2

1.1

4557754.0

64.6

5008214.6

63.9

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

maT Soris:

gamomTvleli manqanebi da maTi blokebi Savi liTonebis metalokonstruqciebi

danarCeni produqcia

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri.

164

26. საფინანსო სექტორის ინსტიტუტები (periodis bolos) 2008 komerciuli bankebi, sul

2009 20

2010 19

2011 19

2012 19

maT Soris: ucxouri kapitalis monawileobiT

17*

15*

16*

18*

17*

0.46

0.43

0.42

filialebi

124

120

119

144

142

serviscentrebi

559

513

522

564

691

625616

673419

805147

915583

909167

saaqcio kapitali, aTasi lari

1517250

1516988

1787647

2104361

2390064

valutis gadamcvleli punqtebi (licenzirebuli)

1030

1352

1624

1500

1029

23.50

30.83

36.61

33.56

22.88

yovel 100 000 kacze

komerciuli bankebis: gancxadebuli sawesdebo fondi, aTasi lari

yovel 100 000 kacze arasabanko sadepozito dawesebulebebi, erTeuli mikrosafinanso organizaciebi (licenzirebuli) safondo birJebi, erTeuli sadazRvevo kompaniebi (moqmedi), erTeuli sapensio sqemebi, erTeuli

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

* ararezidenti bankebis filialebis CaTvliT.

165

27. საქართველოში მოქმედი კომერციული ბანკების სია 2013 წლის 1 იანვრის მდგომარეობით

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

bankebis dasaxeleba

licenziis gacemis TariRi

licenziis nomeri

moqmedi moqmedi serfilialebis vis-centrebis raodenoba raodenoba 8 30

ss banki "respublika"

04.02.1992

ss "privatbanki"

25.02.1992

ss "Tibisi banki"

20.01.1993

ss "saqarTvelos banki"

15.12.1994

194

ss "liberTi banki"

10.02.1993

175

ss "bazisbanki"

11.04.1993

173

ss "viTibi banki jorjia"

07.05.1995

226-a

ss "banki qarTu"

09.01.1997

229

ss "prokredit banki"

13.05.1999

233

ss "kor standart banki"

25.01.2008

0110245

ss "biTiei banki"

13.03.2001

238

ss "investbanki"

29.09.2003

241

T.r. ss "ziraaT bankis" Tbilisis filiali

31.03.1998

231-1

Rss "kavkasiis ganviTarebis bankis" Tbilisis filiali

02.12.1999

234-1

ss "azerbaijanis saerTaSoriso banki saqarTvelo"

07.02.2007

0110242

ss " progres banki"

31.12.2007

0110244

ss "xalik banki saqarTvelo"

29.01.2008

0110246

ss "banki konstanta"

03.07.2008

130

ss "TurqeTis iS bankis baTumis filiali"

13.07.2012

908

28. კომერციული ბანკების დაჯგუფება ფულადი სახით განაღდებული საწესდებო კაპიტალის მიხედვით 2013 წლის 1 იანვრის მდგომარეობით 5-dan 10 mln laramde

10 mln lari da meti

ss “bazisbanki”

ss "banki qarTu"

T. r. ss “ziraaT bankis” Tbilisis filiali

ss "prokredit banki"

Rss “kavkasiis ganviTarebis bankis” Tbilisis filiali

ss "viTibi banki jorjia"

ss “TurqeTis iS bankis baTumis filiali”

ss "saqarTvelos banki" ss banki "respublika" ss "kor standart banki" ss "investbanki" ss "biTiei banki" ss "liberTi banki" ss "Tibisi banki"' ss "privatbanki" ss "azerbaijanis saerTaSoriso banki saqarTvelo" ss "xalik banki" ss "progres banki" ss "banki konstanta"

166

106

29. საქართველოში მოქმედი მიკროსაფინანსო ორგანიზაციების სია 2013 წლის 1 იანვრის მდგომარეობით registraciis nomeri

dasaxeleba

ss "qarTuli krediti "

04.10.2006

1006-1/da

Sps "alians jgufi "

09.10.2006

1006-1/db

Sps "Tbilbiznesi"

30.11.2006

1106-2/da

ss "alfa eqspresi"

01.10.2007

40107

Sps "alfa krediti"

12.02.2007

50207

Sps "TAM krediti"

06.03.2007

60307

Sps "intel eqspres jorjia"

23.03.2007

70307

Sps "riko eqspresi"

11.04.2007

80407

"kristali"

18.09.2007

90907

"finagro"

30.11.2007

101107

Sps

"kredo"

06.12.2007

111207

13.12.2007

121207

Sps "imerkrediti"

18.12.2007

131207

Sps "kredit servisi"

20.12.2007

141207

ss "finka saqarTvelo"

28.12.2007

151207

ss "lazika kapitali"

21.01.2008

170108

Sps "kreditservisi +"

06.02.2008

180208

Sps

"kristal krediti"

03.04.2008

190408

Sps "moneta eqspres jorjia"

13.06.2008

210608

Sps "intelneti"

01.07.2008

220708

Sps "Tbilmikrokrediti"

17.10.2008

241008

Sps "amigo+"

30.10.2008

251008

30.10.2008

261008

Sps "X krediti"

27.01.2009

280109

Sps "izikred jorjia"

20.02.2009

290209

Sps "VAM krediti"

05.05.2009

300309

ss "mikrokrediti"

30.03.2009

310309

ss "jorjian kapitali"

28.05.2009

320509

Sps "niu kredit ofisi"

14.07.2009

340709

Sps "B krediti"

04.09.2009

360909

Sps "mikro investi"

25.11.2009

381109

Sps "siti krediti"

15.12.2009

391209

Sps "bi.ai.ji."

01.02.2010

400110

ss "invest jorjia"

31.08.2010

410810

Sps "realkrediti"

11.10.2010

421010

Sps "smart finansi"

18.10.2010

431010

Sps "finansuri aliansi biznesisaTvis"

18.10.2010

441010

ss "svis kapitali"

18.10.2010

451010

Sps "kapital krediti"

27.10.2010

461010

ss "aiemji"

10.11.2010

471110

Sps "bonako"

19.11.2010

491110

Sps "nova krediti"

29.12.2010

511210

Sps "jeo kapitali"

28.01.2011

520111

Sps "bani krediti"

04.02.2011

530211

ss "jeo kapital menejmenti"

17.03.2011

540311

Sps "svis-krediti"

18.03.2011

550311

Sps "jien kapitali"

29.03.2011

560311

ss "loial krediti"

20.04.2011

570411

"kavkasuskrediti"

"nike krediti"

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

registraciis TariRi

167

29. საქართველოში მოქმედი მიკროსაფინანსო ორგანიზაციების სია 2013 წლის 1 იანვრის მდგომარეობით

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი / წლიური ანგარიში / 2012 წელი

gagrZeleba

168

Sps "lider krediti"

10.06.2011

580611

Sps "mo mani krediti"

14.06.2011

590611

Sps "rivalkrediti"

15.06.2011

600611

ss "ji-ai-si"

21.09.2011

610911

Sps "kreditori"

29.09.2011

620911

ss "kredit plus jorjia"

28.10.2011

631011

Sps "bermeli"

28.10.2011

641011

Sps "giro krediti"

20.12.2011

651211

Sps "univers krediti"

26.03.2012

660412

Sps "kontinental siTi krediti"

03.05.2012

670512

Sps "saqarTvelos saxalxo krediti"

07.05.2012

680512

Sps "kredeqsi"

29.10.2012

691012

Sps "feniqsi mikrofinansebi"

22.11.2012

701112

Sps "Finlex Group"

07.12.2012

711212

14. ფინანსური ანგარიშგება

საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი finansuri angariSgeba 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

სარჩევი xelmZRvanelobis pasuxismgeblobis angariSi 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis warmodgenili finansuri angariSgebis momzadebasa da damtkicebaze......... . . . . . . . . . ............. 171

damoukidebel auditorTa daskvna.............................................................................172

2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis finansuri angariSgeba.............................................................................................173 mogeba-zaralis da sruli Semosavlis angariSgeba...................................................173 finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgeba....................................................................175 kapitalSi cvlilebebis angariSgeba.....................................................................176 fuladi saxsrebis moZraobis angariSgeba...............................................................177 finansur angariSgebasTan TandarTuli SeniSvnebi...................................................179

170

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki xelmZRvanelobis pasuxismgeblobis angariSi 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis warmodgenili finansuri angariSgebis momzadebasa da damtkicebaze xelmZRvaneloba pasuxismgebelia finansuri angariSgebis momzadebaze, romelic samarTlianad asaxavs saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis (,,bankiâ&#x20AC;?) finansur mdgomareobas 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, mis mier warmoebuli operaciebis Sedegebs, fuladi saxsrebis moZraobasa da kapitalSi cvlilebebs amave TariRiT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis, finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebis (,,fassâ&#x20AC;?) Sesabamisad. finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas xelmZRvaneloba pasuxismgebelia: x

marTebuli buRaltruli principebis arCevasa da maT Tanmimdevrul Sesrulebaze;

informaciis wardgenaze, buRaltruli politikis CaTvliT, romelic uzrunvelyofs marTebul, saimedo, Sesadaris da gasageb informacias;

damatebiTi informaciis wardgenis uzrunvelyofaze, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebis specifiuri moTxovnebi ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom momxmarebelma gaaanalizos konkretuli garigebis, sxva movlenebisa da pirobebis gavlena bankis finansur mdgomareobasa da finansur Sedegebze;

bankis mier funqcionirebadi sawarmos daSvebis principis safuZvelze muSaobis unaris Sefasebaze.

xelmZRvaneloba agreTve pasuxismgebelia: x

bankSi efeqturi da myari Sida kontrolis sistemis SemuSavebaze, danergvasa da SenarCunebaze;

iseTi buRaltruli Canawerebis warmoebaze, romelic warmoadgens da xsnis bankis garigebebs da nebismier dros uzrunvelyofs bankis finansuri mdgomareobis sakmarisi sizustiT wardgenas da finansuri angariSgebis fass-is moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobas;

savaldebulo buRaltruli Canawerebis warmoebaze saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisa da buRaltruli standartebis Sesabamisad;

bankis aqtivebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad saWiro qmedebebis ganxorcielebaze;

TaRliTobisa da sxva darRvevebis Tavidan acilebasa da aRmoCenaze.

2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis warmodgenili finansuri angariSgeba saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis sabWos mier damtkicebulia gamosaSvebad 2013 wlis 29 marts. bankis sabWos saxeliT:

___________________________________ sabWos Tavmjdomare

_______________________________________ finansebisa da buRaltruli aRricxvis departamentis ufrosi

giorgi qadagiZe

salome sxirtlaZe

29 marti 2013 Tbilisi, saqarTvelo

29 marti 2013 Tbilisi, VDTDU7YHOR

171

damoukidebel auditorTa daskvna saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis sabWos: daskvna finansuri angariSgebis Sesaxeb Cven CavatareT saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis (,,bankiâ&#x20AC;?) TandarTuli finansuri angariSgebis auditi, romelic moicavs finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebas 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, agreTve masTan dakavSirebuli mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis, kapitalSi cvlilebebisa da fuladi saxsrebis moZraobis angariSgebebs 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis da buRaltruli aRricxvis politikis ZiriTadi principebisa da sxva axsna-ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebis mokle monaxazs. xelmZRvanelobis pasuxismgebloba finansur angariSgebaze bankis xelmZRvaneloba pasuxismgebelia am finansuri angariSgebis momzadebasa da samarTlian wardgenaze finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad, da iseTi Sida kontrolis sistemis uzrunvelyofaze, romelic xelmZRvanelobis mier miiCneva aucileblad iseTi finansuri angariSgebis mosamzadeblad, romelic ar Seicavs SecdomiTa da TaRliTobiT gamowveul arsebiT uzustobas. auditoris pasuxismgebloba Cveni pasuxismgeblobaa Cvens mier Catarebul auditze dayrdnobiT gamovTqvaT mosazreba am finansur angariSgebaze. Cven auditi CavatareT auditis saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad. es standartebi moiTxovs, rom Cveni samuSao Seesabamebodes eTikis normebs da auditis imgvarad dagegmvasa da Catarebas, rom miviRoT utyuari rwmuneba imisa, rom finansuri angariSgeba ar Seicavs arsebiT uzustobas. auditi moicavs garkveuli procedurebis Catarebas finansur angariSgebaSi warmodgenil Tanxebsa da ganmartebebTan mimarTebaSi auditoruli mtkicebulebis mosapoveblad. SerCeuli procedurebi damokidebulia auditoris profesiul msjelobaze, romelic moicavs finansur angariSgebaSi TaRliTobis an Secdomis Sedegad warmoqmnili arsebiTi uzustobis riskis Sefasebas. am riskebis Sefasebisas arsebuli garemoebebis Sesaferisi auditoruli procedurebis SemuSavebisTvis, magram ara bankis Sida kontrolis efeqturobaze daskvnis gakeTebis mizniT, auditori iTvaliswinebs Sida kontrolis sistemebs, romlebic saWiroa finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisa da realuri wardgenisaTvis. auditi aseve iTvaliswinebs gamoyenebuli buRaltruli politikisa da xelmZRvanelobis mier gakeTebuli buRaltruli daSvebebis Sesaferisobisa da finansuri angariSgebis wardgenis Sefasebas mTlianobaSi. Cven migvaCnia, rom mtkicebulebebi, romlebic movipoveT auditis msvlelobisas auditis daskvnisaTvis sakmaris da marTebul safuZvels warmoadgens. daskvna Cveni azriT, warmodgenili finansuri angariSgeba, yvela arsebiTi aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, samarTlianad asaxavs bankis finansur mdgomareobas 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, misi saqmianobis Sedegebsa da fuladi saxsrebis moZraobas mocemuli TariRiT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad.

29 marti 2013 Tbilisi, saqarTvelo

172

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki mogeba-zaralis da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgeba 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

(aTasobiT larSi)

SeniSvna

saprocento Semosavali ucxouri operaciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi moTxovnebi saerTaSoriso finansuri institutebis mimarT sxva gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi adgilobrivi operaciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi moTxovnebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT sxva gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi

saprocento xarji ucxouri operaciebi valdebulebebi saerTaSoriso finansuri institutebis mimarT adgilobrivi operaciebi gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT

wminda saprocento Semosavali saprocento sargeblis mqone aqtivebze gaufasurebis danakargebis rezervis aRdgenamde sxva aqtivebze gaufasurebis danakargebis rezervis aRdgena

2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

246

586

3,683 397

5,609 1,579

4,326 23,859 414 28,599

7,774 23,795 803 32,372

31,811

34,064

11,272 139

13,360 201

43,222 9,192 52,414 81,013

47,625 16,178 63,803 96,175

(14,015)

(16,928)

(36,773)

(38,332)

(13,467) (64,255)

(10,892) (66,152)

16,758

30,023

wminda saprocento Semosavali

344

320

17,102

30,343

wminda mogeba/(zarali) ucxouri valutiT ganxorcielebul operaciebze: -sakurso sxvaobebidan -savaWro operaciebidan sakomisio Semosavlebi sakomisio xarjebi wminda mogeba/(zarali) realizebuli fasiani qaRaldebidan wminda ararealizebuli (zarali)/mogeba fasiani qaRaldebidan da warmoebuli instrumenWebidan sxva Semosavlebi arasaprocento Semosavali//(zarali)

4 4

7,337 (784) 1,076 (827) 12,664

(10) 3,009 22,465

(134,459) (14) 435 (1,611) (244) 172 3,389 (132,332) 173

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki mogeba-zaralis da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgeba 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

(aTasobiT larSi)

SeniSvna

TanamSromlebze gaweuli xarjebi saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi fulis beWdvis xarji cveTa da amortizacia zarali ZiriTadi saSualebebis gasvlidan sxva xarjebi arasaprocento xarji wlis wminda mogeba/(zarali) sxva sruli Semosavali wminda ararealizebuli (zarali)/mogeba gasayidad arsebuli investiciebidan wlis sruli Semosavali//(zarali)

6,25 6 6

2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

(11,317) (5,454) (8,596) (3,753) (1,454) (12)

(10,262) (4,718) (4,519) (3,045) (349) (141)

(30,586)

(23,034)

8,981

(125,023)

(8,663)

5,180

318

(119,843)

________ _____ ______________________ ___________________________________ sa e giorgi orgi qada qadagiZe agiZe

__________________________________ _________ ________ _____ t truli aRricxvis i salome sxirtlaZe

29 marti 2013 Tbilisi, saqarTvelo

9-59 gverdebze TandarTuli SeniSvnebi warmoadgens mocemuli finansuri angariSgebis ganuyofel nawils.

174

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgeba 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

(aTasobiT larSi) 31 dekemberi 2012

31 dekemberi 2011

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 17

1,474,372 355 366,645 186 166,500 2,740,671 11,443 779 4,760,951

1,690,301 1,214 373,034 151,269 2,481,219 11,493 2,742 4,711,272

12 8 13 14 15 16 17

8,159 391,076 522,321 2,818 74,772 4,625 7,422

124,997 13,505 562,361 3,160 27,019 5,702 43,345

5,772,144

5,491,361

SeniSvna aqtivebi: aqtivebi ucxouri i valutiT fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi warmoebul instrumentebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivebi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi sxva aqtivebi aqtivebi erovnuli i valutiT gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi gasayidad gankuTvnili ZiriTadi saSualebebi ZiriTadi saSualebebi aramaterialuri aqtivebi sxva aqtivebi sul aqtivebi valdebulebebi da kapitali: valdebulebebi: valdebulebebi ucxouri i valutiT valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT valdebulebebi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT sxva valdebulebebi

18 19 9 17

945,146 209,228 957,585 659 2,112,618

761,636 184,933 1,350,738 1,499 2,298,806

valdebulebebi erovnuli valutiT mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli fuli valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT valdebulebebi klientebis mimarT gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi sxva valdebulebebi

20 18 19 21 22 17

1,918,059 392,108 744,628 1,168 562,844 12,467

1,753,584 385,852 573,818 621 442,128 8,618

5,743,892

5,463,427

15,000 4,309 8,943

15,000 17,606 (4,672)

sul valdebulebebi kapitali: sawesdebo kapitali ucxouri valutis gadafasebis rezervi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebis gadafasebis rezervi gaunawilebeli mogeba/(dagrovili zarali)

23 23 23

28,252

sul kapitali

ban

iT: iT T:

__ sab

________________

27,934 5,491,361

____________ uli aRricxvis

iZe i Ze

29 marti 2013 Tbilisi, saqarTvelo

9-59 gverdebze TandarTuli SeniSvnebi warmoadgens mocemuli finansuri angariSgebis ganuyofel nawils. 175

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki kapitalSi cvlilebebis angariSgeba 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

(aTasobiT larSi) Ks sawesdebo kaapitali

1 ianvari 2011 wlis sruli zarali finansTa saministrosTvis gadaricxva sarezervo fondidan gadatana ucxouri valutis gadafasebis rezervSi gadatana

31 dekemberi 2011 wlis sruli mogeba ucxouri valutis gadafasebis rezervSi gadatana (SeniSvna 23)

31 dekemberi 2012

sarezervo fondi

ucxouri valutis gadafasebis rezervi

gasayidad arsebuli investiciebis gadafasebis rezervi

gaunawile-beli mogeba

sul kapitali

15,000

60,692

59,659

12,426

23,986

171,763

5,180

(125,023)

(119,84)

(23,986)

(60,692)

60,692

(59,659)

59,659

17,606

(4,672)

(8,663)

8,981

15,000

4,309

15,000

4,309

8,943

giorgi qadagiZe

__________ __________________________________ _____________ f uli aRricxvis d salome sxirtlaZe s

29 marti 2013 Tbilisi, saqarTvelo

9-59 gverdebze TandarTuli SeniSvnebi warmoadgens mocemuli finansuri angariSgebis ganuyofel nawils.

176

318

(4,309)

bankis s

____ ________ _____ _________________ ___________________________________ sabW re

27,934

28,252

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki fuladi saxsrebis moZraobis angariSgeba 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

(aTasobiT larSi)

SeniSvna fuladi saxsrebis moZraoba saoperacio saqmianobidan: miRebuli procenti gadaxdili procenti miRebuli sakomisio Semosavali gadaxdili sakomisio xarjebi sainvesticio fasiani qaRaldebidan miRebuli wminda zarali wminda realizebuli zarali ucxouri valutiT ganxorcielebuli operaciebidan sxva miRebuli Semosavali TanamSromlebze gaweuli xarjebi fulis beWdvaze gaweuli xarji sxva saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi fuladi saxsrebis moZraoba saoperacio saqmianobidan, saoperacio aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis cvlilebebamde wminda (zrda)/kleba saoperacio aqtivebSi: moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi sxva aqtivebi wminda zrda/(kleba) saoperacio valdebulebebSi: mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli fuli valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT valdebulebebi klientebis mimarT sxva valdebulebebi fuladi saxsrebis wminda Semodineba saoperacio saqmianobidan fuladi saxsrebis moZraoba sainvesticio saqmianobidan: fuladi saxsrebi ZiriTadi saSualebebis gasxvisebidan ZiriTadi saSualebebis Sesyidva aramaterialuri aqtivebis Sesyidva dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebis Sesyidva dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebis dafarvidan miRebuli Semosavlebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebis Sesyidva gasayidad arsebuli investiciebis gayidviT miRebuli Semosavlebi fuladi saxsrebis wminda gadineba sainvesticio saqmianobidan

20012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

104,449 (60,952) 1,076 (827)

105,517 (63,321) 434 (1,611)

12,176

(128)

(784) 2,892 (11,317) (9,798) (5,332)

(14) 3,374 (10,262) (3,997) (5,476)

31,583

24,516

(376,712)

183,005

5,639 (16,858) 1,394

(932) 16,881 (36,484)

164,475

135,404

189,604

739,152

194,556 547 2,916

(41,904) 341 3,928

197,143

1,023,907

117 (5,649) (218) -

14 (4,334) (4,357) -

(2,635,457)

62,613 (2,880,663)

2,506,024

1,733,653

(135,183)

(1,093,074)

177

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki fuladi saxsrebis moZraobis angariSgeba 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

(aTasobiT larSi) 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

1,563,944 (1,443,097)

(23,986) 1,393,677 (1,310,333)

(385,459)

(100,094)

fuladi saxsrebis wminda gadineba safinanso saqmianobidan

(264,612)

(40,736)

fulsa da fulis eqvivalentebze ucxouri valutis gacvliTi kursis cvlilebis efeqti

(13,278)

(104,575)

(215,929)

(214,478)

SeniSvna

fuladi saxsrebis moZraoba safinanso saqmianobidan: saqarTvelos finansTa saministrosaTvis gasanawilebeli mogebis gadaricxva savalo fasiani qaRaldebis gamoSveba savalo fasiani qaRaldebis dafarva saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT valdebulebebis dafarva

wminda (Semcireba)/zrda fulsa da fulis eqvivalentebSi fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi, wlis dasawyisSi

1,690,301

1,904,779

fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi, wlis bolos

1,474,372

1,690,301

bankis is sabWos saxeliT saxeliT: T:

________ ___________ __________________ e

___ sabW

__ fi

__ ____________ uli aRricxvis i

giorgi rgi

giZe gi iZe

29 marti 2013 Tbilisi, saqarTvelo

9-59 gverdebze TandarTuli SeniSvnebi warmoadgens mocemuli finansuri angariSgebis ganuyofel nawils.

178

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki finansur angariSgebasTan TandarTuli SeniSvnebi 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

(aTasobiT larSi)

organizacia saqarTvelos erovnuli banki (SemdgomSi ,,banki”) warmoadgens saqarTvelos centralur banks da saqarTvelos mTvarobis bankirsa da fiskalur agents. igi sakuTar saqmianobas axorcielebs ,,saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis” Sesaxeb saqarTvelos organuli kanonis safuZvelze, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2009 wlis 1 dekembers (SemdgomSi ,,kanoni”) da srulad Caanacvla 1995 wlis 24 oqtombriT daTariRebuli kanoni. kanonis me-3 muxlSi gawerilia bankis Semdegi miznebi da funqciebi: x

bankis ZiriTadi amocana fasebis stabilurobis uzrunvelyofaa;

erovnulma bankma unda uzrunvelyos safinanso sistemis stabiluroba da gamWvirvaloba da xeli Seuwyos saqarTveloSi mdgrad ekonomikur zrdas, ise, rom ar Seferxdes misi ZiriTadi amocanis Sesruleba;

saqarTvelos parlamentis mier gansazRvruli ZiriTadi mimarTulebis Sesabamisad SeimuSaos da ganaxorcielos fuladi da savaluto politika;

flobdes, Seinaxos da gankargos oficialuri saerTaSoriso rezervebi;

iyos saqarTvelos mTavrobis sabanko da finansuri agenti;

uzrunvelyos sagadasaxdo sistemis Sedegiani muSaoba;

ganaxorcielos saqarTvelos fulis niSnebis emisia;

saerTaSoriso standartebisa da meTodologiebis Sesabamisad awarmoos da gaavrcelos qveynis finansuri da sagareo seqtoris statistika;

ganaxorcielos safinanso seqtoris zedamxedveloba;

sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris, saqarTvelos finansuri monitoringis samsaxuris meSveobiT, organuli kanonis safuZvelze ganaxorcielos ukanono Semosavlebis legalizebisa da terorizmis dafinansebis aRkveTis xelSewyoba;

ganaxorcielos kanoniT gansazRvruli sxva funqciebi.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisa da saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier gaformebuli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis safuZvelze banki saqarTvelos waradgens ucxouri centraluri bankebisa da saerTaSoriso safinanso da sakredito dawesebulebebis winaSe bankis pasuxismgeblobasa da funqciebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi. banki uflebamosilia gaaformos TanamSromlobis xelSekrulebebi ucxour centralur bankebTan misi saqmianobis farglebSi. mas SeuZlia sakuTari saxeliT, da uflebamosilebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis saxeliT, gaaformos kliringis, saangariSsworebo da sxva saxis xelSekrulebebi ucxour sajaro da kerZo kliringis saagentoebTan. banks SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos saerTaSoriso organizaciebis kapitalsa da saqmianobaSi fulad, savaluto da sabanko sferoebSi TanamSromlobis mizniT.

179

2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis sabWo Sedgeba Semdegi wevrebisagan: Tanamdeboba Tavmjdomare wevri wevri wevri wevri wevri

saxeli (2012) giorgi qadagiZe (prezidenti) arCil mestviriSvili oTar nadaraia laSa juReli nikoloz gongliaSvili

saxeli (2011) giorgi qadagiZe (prezidenti) arCil mestviriSvili oTar nadaraia laSa juReli Temur Sengelia

vaJa janyaraSvili

mixeil tokmaziSvili

wevri

simon gelaSvili

bankis saTao ofisi mdebareobs Semdeg misamarTze: sanapiros quCa 2, 0114, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT banks gaaCnda erTi, xolo 2011 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT arcerTi sakaso momsaxurebis centri. 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT bankSi dasaqmebuli iyo Sesabamisad 322 da 290 TanamSromeli.

finansuri angariSgebis wardgenis safuZveli buRaltruli aRricxvis safuZveli winamdebare finansuri angariSgeba momzadebulia buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis sabWos (“basss”) mier damtkicebuli finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebisa (“fass”) da finansuri angariSgebis interpretaciebis saerTaSoriso komitetis (“faisk”) mier gamocemuli interpretaciebis Sesabamisad. wardgenis kriteriumis sxva safuZvlebi finansuri angariSgeba momzadebulia imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom banki warmoadgens funqcionirebad sawarmos da axlo momavalSi gaagrZelebs muSaobas. es finansuri angariSgeba warmodgenilia aTasobiT larSi, Tu sxva ram ar aris miTiTebuli. finansuri angariSgeba momzadebulia istoriuli Rirebulebis koncefciis safuZvelze, garda realuri RirebulebiT aRricxuli garkveuli finansuri instrumentebisa da gasayidad gankuTvnili ZiriTadi saSualebebisa, rogorc ganmartebulia qvemoT mocemul buRaltrul politikebSi. istoriuli Rirebuleba zogadad efuZneba aqtivebis sanacvlod gadaxdili anazRaurebis realur Rirebulebas. banki valdebulia buRaltruli Canawerebi awarmoos larSi da amave valutaSi moamzados finansuri angariSgeba finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad. lari warmoadgens bankis saangariSgebo da funqcionalur valutas, vinaidan es aris bankis ekonomikuri garemos valuta. sxva valutaSi ganxorcielebuli garigebebi aisaxeba rogorc ucxour valutaSi ganxorcielebuli garigebebi banki finansuri mdgomareobis angariSs waradgens likvidobis mixedviT. finansuri angariSgebis TariRidan 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi (mimdinare), an 12 Tveze meti drois ganmavlobaSi (grZelvadiani) finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebis aRdgenis an angariSsworebis analizi warmodgenilia 26-e SeniSvnaSi.

180

buRaltruli aRricxvis ZiriTadi politikebi finansuri instrumentebis aRiareba da Sefaseba finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis asaxva bankis finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi xdeba maSin, rodesac igi xdeba xelSekrulebis monawile Sesabamis finansur instrumentTan mimarTebaSi. finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis regularuli xasiaTis Sesyidvisa da gayidvis aRiareba xorcieldeba angariSsworebis TariRis mdgomareobiT. finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis Tavdapirveli aRiareba xorcieldeba realuri RirebulebiT, xolo im SemTxvevaSi Tu finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis aRiareba mogebasa da zaralSi realuri RirebulebiT ar xdeba, mas emateba garigebis Rirebuleba, romelic pirdapir ukavSirdeba finansuri aqtivisa da valdebulebis Sesyidvasa da gamoSvebas. aRniSnuli aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis Semdgomi Sefasebis politika ganxilulia qvemoT warmodgenil Sesabamis buRaltrul politikebSi. finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis aRiarebis Sewyveta

finansuri aqtivebi bankis finansuri aqtivebis aRiareba Sewydeba, rodesac aqtividan fuladi saxsrebis miRebis uflebis kontraqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli vada amoiwura, an Tu bankma sxva sawarmos gadasca finansuri aqtivebi da Sesabamisad aqtivis flobasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani riskebi da Semosavlebi. Tu banki arc gadascems da arc itovebs aqtivis flobasTan dakavSirebul mniSvnelovan riskebsa da Semosavlebs da agrZelebs gadacemuli aqtivis kontrols, igi aRiarebs aqtivSi SenarCunebul monawileobas da masTan dakavSirebul valdebulebas SesaZlo gadasaxdeli Tanxis odenobiT. im SemTxvevaSi Tu banki itovebs gadacemul finansur aqtivTan dakavSirebul mniSvnelovan riskebsa da Semosavlebs, igi agrZelebs finansuri aqtivis da miRebuli fuladi saxsrebiT uzrunvelyofili sesxebis aRiarebas. finansuri aqtivis mTlianobaSi aRiarebis Sewyvetisas sxvaoba aqtivis sabalanso Rirebulebasa da miRebuli da misaRebi anazRaurebis da sxva srul mogeba-zaralSi aRiarebuli da kapitalSi dagrovili mogeba an zaralis jams Soris, aRiarebas mogebasa da zaralSi eqvemdebareba. finansuri aqtivis aRiarebis Sewyvetisas, garda mTliani Sewyvetisa (magaliTad, rodesac banki inarCunebs uflebas gamoisyidos gadacemuli aqtivis nawili, banki anawilebs aRiarebis Sewyvetamde finansuri aqtivis arsebul sabalanso Rirebulebas gadacemisas arsebul SenarCunebuli wilisa da im nawilis realur Rirebulebebs Soris, romlis aRirebac Sewyda. aqtivis im nawilze, romlis aRiarebac Sewyda, gadanawilebul sabalanso Rirebulebasa da am nawilisTvis miRebul mTlian anazRaurebas Soris sxvaoba, sxva srul SemosavalSi asaxuli nebismieri dagrovili mogebisa Tu zaralis gaTvaliswinebiT, aRiarebul unda iqnas mogebaSi da zaralSi. dagrovili mogeba an zarali romelic aRiarebulia sxva srul SemosavalSi unda gadanawildes aqtivis SenarCunebul nawilsa da im nawils Soris, romlis aRiarebac Sewyda, maTi realuri Rirebulebebis mixedviT.

finansuri valdebulebebi banki finansuri valdebulebebis aRiarebas wyvets mxolod da mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac bankis valdebuleba sruldeba, uqmdeba, an gasdis vada. sadac arsebuli finansuri valdebuleba enacvleba meores imave msesxeblisagan mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebuli pirobebiT, an arsebuli valdebulebis pirobebi mniSvnelovnad icvleba, amgvari cvlileba an modifikacia iTvleba Tavdapirveli valdebulebis aRiarebis Sewyvetad da axali valdebulebis aRiarebad da sxvaoba sabalanso Rirebulebebs Soris aisaxeba mogeba-zaralis angariSgebaSi. 181

fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi moicavs fuls salaroSi, Tavisufal saxsrebs sakorespondento angariSebze, vadian depozitebs erTdRiani depozitebis CaTvliT da im moTxovnebs finansuri institutebis mimarT gacemis dRidan oTxmocdaaT dRemde dafarvis sawyisi vadiT, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT sakontraqto valdebulebebi. Zvirfasi liTonebi oqros samaxsovro monetebi aRiarebas eqvemdebareba TviTRirebulebiT damzadebis, transportirebisa da sxva pirdapiri xarjebis gaTvaliswinebiT. samaxsovro monetebis gayidvisas warmoSobili mogeba da zarali aisaxeba mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi. samaxsovro monetebze gaweuli sxva xarjebi aRiarebas gadaxdisTanave eqvemdebareba rogorc mimdinare xarjebi da aisaxeba mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi. moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT Cveuli saqmianobis procesSi banki sesxebis, avansebisa da depozitebis saxiT gansxvavebuli vadebiT ganaTavsebs saxsrebs sxvadasxva finansur institutebSi. moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT warmoadgens arawarmoebul finansur instrumentebs, romlebic ar aris kotirebuli moqmed bazarze. isini ar warmoiqmneba dauyovnebeli, an moklevadiani gadayidvis mizniT da ar klasificirdeba rogorc savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi, an gasayidad gankuTvnili investiciebi. moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT Tavdapirvelad realuri RirebulebiT aisaxeba, xolo SemdgomSi amortizebuli RirebulebiT efeqturi saprocento ganakveTis meTodis gamoyenebiT. finansuri institutebidan misaRebi Tanxebi aisaxeba gaufasurebis danakargebis gamoklebiT. mogeba da zarali aisaxeba mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi, rodesac adgili aqvs sesxebisa da moTxovnebis aRiarebis Sewyvetas an gaufasurebas, an amortizacias. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisa da sxva saerTaSoriso finansuri dawesebulebebis wevroba kanonis me-5 muxlis Sesabamisad, banki moqmedebs rogorc saqarTvelos mTavrobis Suamavali saerTaSoriso finansur institutebSi (saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi, msoflio banki) saqarTvelos wevrobasTan dakavSirebul operaciebTan mimarTebaSi, rac aseve moicavs am organizaciebisTvis sawevro Senatanebis gadaxdas. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi warmoadgens saerTaSoriso organizacias, romelic Seqmnilia monetaruli urTierTobebis, gacvliTi kursis stabilurobisa da regularuli gacvliTi operaciebis xelSewyobis mizniT; ekonomikuri ganviTarebis da dasaqmebis donis amaRlebisa da sxvadasxva qveynebis droebiTi finansuri xelSewyobisaTvis. wevrobis kvota (sawevro Senatanebi) warmoadgens saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis resursebis ZiriTad wyaros. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi resursebs wevri qveynebisagan iRebs. TiToeuli qveynis Senatani ganisazRvreba qveynis ekonomikuri donis gaTvaliswinebiT da mxedvelobaSi miiReba msgavsi qveynebis Senatanebi. wevris Senatani asaxavs mis saerTaSoriso savaluto fondTan finansuri da organizaciuli urTierTobebis ZiriTad aspeqtebs. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisaTvis gadaxdili sawevro denominirebulia SDR-Si da gadafasebulia larSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mier misi finansuri wlis bolos dawesebuli savaluto gacvliTi kursiT. kvota da saqarTvelos finansTa saministros mier saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis kvotasTan mimarTebaSi gamoSvebuli fasiani qaRaldebi ar aris warmodgenili finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi, radgan isini ar warmoadgens bankis aqtivebsa da valdebulebebs, aramed ganixileba rogorc gare-sabalanso angariSebi da Sesabamisad naCvenebia finansur angariSgebaSi. 182

amasTanave, xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad saerTaSoriso savaluto fonds aqvs uflebamosileba Seqmnas upirobo likvidoba SDR ganyofilebis wevri qveynebisaTvLs kvotis proporciulad zogadi SDR saxsrebis ganawilebiT. zogadi saxsrebis ganawileba emsaxureba rezervebis Sevsebis grZelvadian globalur saWiroebebs ekonomikuri stagnaciis, deflaciisa da inflaciis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis xelSekrulebis meoTxe cvlilebis Tanaxmad, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondma agreTve ganaxorciela SDR saxsrebis specialuri ganawileba wevri qveynebisTvis dagrovili SDR saxsrebis kvotasTan mimarTebaSi gazrdis mizniT. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi ixdis SDR saxsrebis aqtivis mxares daricxul procents da amasTanave, analogiur saprocento ganakveTs awesebs TiToeuli wevris wminda dagrovil SDR saxsrebze. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis xelSekruleba Tavisi wevri qveynebisaTvis ar gansazRvravs SDR saxsrebis sabuRaltro aRricxvis principebs. banki aRricxavs SDR pozicias Tavis finansur angariSgebaSi, Tumca SDR ganyofilebaSi monawileobiT gamowveuli uflebebi da valdebulebebi, SDR saxsrebis ganawilebiT gamowveuli uflebebisa da valdebulebebis CaTvliT, warmoadgens SDR ganyofilebis wevri qveynis uflebebsa da valdebulebebs. wevri qveyana valdebulia dafaros miRebuli SDR saxsrebi SDR ganyofilebidan gamosvlis an SDR ganyofilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan miRebul zogad da specialur saxsrebs banki aRricxavs, aqtivis mxares rogorc SDR-is angariSs saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi da valdebulebis mxares, rogorc valdebulebas saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT. mogebasa da zaralSi realuri RirebulebiT asaxuli finansuri aqtivebi da valdebulebebi finansuri aqtivebi klasificirdeba mogebasa da zaralSi realuri RirebulebiT asaxul finansur aqtivebad, Tu finansuri aqtivi ganisazRvreba rogorc savaWrod gankuTvnili, an mogebasa da zaralSi asaxulia realuri RirebulebiT. finansuri aqtivebi ganisazRvreba rogorc savaWrod gankuTvnili im SemTxvevaSi, Tu: x

Sesyidulia axlo momavalSi gayidvis mizniT; an

Tavdapirveli aRiarebisas warmoadgens identificirebadi finansuri instrumentebis portfelis nawils, romlebic erTad imarTeba da arsebobs maTgan moklevadiani mogebis miRebis obieqturi maCvenebeli; an

ganekuTvneba warmoebul finansur Lnstrumentebs im SemTxvevis garda, rodesac warmoebul finansur instrumentebs gaaCniaT hejirebis instrumentis daniSnuleba.

finansuri aqtivebi, savaWrod gamiznuli finansuri aqtivebis garda Tavdapirveli aRiarebisas im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba aisaxos realuri RirebulebiT, Tu: x

amgvari asaxviT eliminirdeba, an mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba mosalodneli Seusabamoba aRiarebasa Tu SefasebaSi;

finansuri aqtivi Seadgens finansuri aqtivebis, an finansuri valdebulebebis, an orive jgufis nawils, romelic imarTeba da fasdeba realuri Rirebulebis safuZvelze bankis dokumentirebuli riskis marTvis an investirebis strategiis Sesabamisad, da dajgufebis Sesaxeb informaciis warmodgena Sida moxmarebisaTvis maT safuZvelze xorcieldeba; an

igi warmoadgens im kontraqtis nawils, romelic moicavs erT, an met CarTul warmoebul finansur instruments da bass 39 â&#x20AC;&#x153;finansuri instrumentebi: aRiareba da Sefasebaâ&#x20AC;? uflebas iZleva erTiani kombinirebuli kontraqti (aqtivi an valdebuleba) realuri RirebulebiT aisaxos mogebasa da zaralSi. 183

mogebasa da zaralSi realuri RirebulebiT asaxuli finansuri aqtivebi aisaxeba realuri RirebulebiT mogebasa da zaralSi gadafasebisas warmoqmnili mogebisa da zaralis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic warmodgenilia wminda zaralSi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebidan mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi. realuri Rirebuleba gansazRvrulia 26-e SeniSvnaSi mocemuli ganmartebis Sesabamisad. warmoebuli finansuri instrumentebi Cveuli saqmianobis procesSi banki valutisa da likvidobis riskis marTvisa da savaWro miznebisaTvis iyenebs sxvadasxva warmoebul finansur instrumentebs, maT Soris forvardebs da svopebs. bankis warmoebuli finansuri instrumentebi ar ganisazRvreba rogorc hejirebis instrumentebi da ar eqvemdebareba hejirebis buRaltrul aRricxvas. warmoebuli instrumenti Tavdapirvelad aisaxeba realuri RirebulebiT warmoebuli instrumentis kontraqtis dadebis TariRisaTvis da Sedegad angariSgebis TariRisaTvis gadafasdeba maTi realuri RirebulebiT. realuri Rirebuleba efuZneba kotirebul sabazro Rirebulebas, an safaso models, romelic iTvaliswinebs mocemuli instrumentebis mimdinare sabazro da kontraqtiT gaTvaliswinebul fasebsa da sxva faqtorebs. warmoebuli instrumenti miCneulia aqtivebad, Tu realuri Rirebuleba dadebiTia, da valdebulebebad im SemTxvevaSi Tu igi uaryofiTia. warmoebuli instrumentebi finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi aRiarebas eqvemdebareba mogebasa da zaralSi realuri RirebulebiT asaxul finansur aqtivebsa da valdebulebebSi. am finansuri instrumentebiT miRebuli mogeba-zarali aisaxeba mogeba-zaralisa da sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi realuri RirebulebiT aRiarebuli finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebidan miRebul wminda mogebasa Tu zaralSi. gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi warmoadgens investiciebs kapitalSi da savalo fasian qaRaldebSi, romlTa floba ganzraxulia ganusazRvreli vadiT. gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi Tavdapirvelad aisaxeba realuri RirebulebiT. SemdgomSi fasiani qaRaldebis Sefaseba xdeba realuri RirebulebiT da gadafasebis Sedegi aisaxeba pirdapir kapitalSi, garda gaufasurebis danakargebisa, ucxouri valutis gadafasebidan miRebuli mogeba-zaralisa da efeqturi saprocento ganakveTis meTodiT daricxuli saprocento Semosavlisa, romlebic pirdapir aisaxeba mogebazaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi. gayidvis Sedegad kapitalSi asaxuli mogeba an zarali mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi aisaxeba. gasayidad arsebuli investiciebis realuri Rirebulebis dasadgenad banki iyenebs kotirebul sabazro fasebs. Tu ar arsebobs moqmedi bazari investiciebisTvis, banki realur Rirebulebas diskontirebuli fuladi saxsrebisa da Sefasebis sxva saTanado meTodebis saSualebiT gansazRvravs. Sefasebis meTodebi moicavs erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli, kargad gaTviTcnobierebuli da garigebaSi monawileobis survilis mqone mxareebs Soris ganxorcielebuli sabazro garigebebis monacemebis gamoyenebas, aseve analitikuri xasiaTis sxva msgavsi finansuri instrumentis realuri Rirebulebis Sesaxeb informaciis gamoyenebas, diskontirebuli fuladi saxsrebis Semodinebis analizs da variaciuli modelis gamoyenebas. Tu arsebobs Sefasebis meTodi, romelic Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba bazarze instrumentebis Sesafaseblad da Tu iyo naCvenebi, rom es midgoma uzrunvelyofs sarwmuno Sefasebas, romelic sabazro garigebebisaTvis gamoiyeneba, banki am meTods iyenebs. dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi warmoadgens savalo fasian qaRaldebs gansazRvradi an fiqsirebuli gadaxdebiT. banks aqvs ganzraxva da SesaZlebloba Seinaxos aRniSnuli fasiani qaRaldebi dafarvis vadis dadgomamde. aseTi fasiani qaRaldebis asaxva xdeba efeqturi saprocento ganakveTis meTodze dafuZnebuli amortizebuli RirebulebiT, gaufasurebis danakargebis rezervis gamoklebiT. diskontis amortizacia dafarvis vadis dadgomamde periodis ganmavlobaSi aisaxeba

184

rogorc saprocento Semosavali, efeqturi saprocento ganakveTis meTodis gamoyenebiT. Camowerili sesxebi da avansebi sesxebisa da avansebis amoRebis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, maTi Camowera xdeba sesxebis gaufasurebis danakargis rezervis gamoyenebiT. sesxebi da avansebi eqvemdebareba Camoweras im SemTxvevaSi Tu xelmZRvanelobam amowura moTxovnebis amoRebis yvela SesaZlebloba da moaxdina yvela SesaZlo uzrunvelyofis realizeba. wina periodSi Camowerili Tanxebis aRdgena xdeba finansuri aqtivebis gaufasurebis gaqviTviT da mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi aRdgenis periodSi aisaxeba. finansuri aqtivebis gaufasurebis danakargebis rezervi finansuri aqtivis an finansuri aqtivebis jgufis gaufasurebis obieqturi safuZvelis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, banki adgens im finansuri aqtivebis gaufasurebis rezervs, romlebic ar aris asaxuli realuri RirebulebiT. finansuri aqtivebis gaufasureba ganisazRvreba rogorc sxvaoba sabalanso Rirebulebasa da momavali fuladi nakadebis mimdinare Rirebulebas Soris, garantiebidan da uzrunvelyofidan misaRebi Tanxebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic diskontirebulia finansuri aqtivis Tavdapirveli efeqturi saprocento ganakveTiT, im finansuri aqtivebisaTvis, romelic warmodgenilia amortizebuli RirebulebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu momdevno periodSi gaufasurebis rezervi Semcirdeba da es Semcireba SeiZleba obieqturad miekuTvnos gaufasurebis rezervis aRiarebis Semdgom periodSi momxdar movlenebs, Tavdapirvelad aRiarebuli gaufasurebis rezervi koreqtirdeba gaufasurebis rezervis angariSis SemcirebiT. TviTRirebulebiT asaxuli finansuri instrumentebis gaufasurebis rezervi ganisazRvreba rogorc sxvaoba finansuri aqtivis sabalanso Rirebulebasa da msgavsi finansuri aqtivebis ukugebis mimdinare sabazro ganakveTiT diskontirebul momavalSi misaRebi fuladi nakadebis dRevandel Rirebulebas Soris. aseTi gaufasurebis rezervi ar eqvemdebareba koreqtirebas. gaufasurebis rezervis gansazRvra efuZneba riskiani aqtivebis analizs da asaxavs im Tanxas, romelic xelmZRvanelobis gansjiT faravs Sesabamis danakargs. rezervebi ganisazRvreba riskiani aqtivebis individualuri SefasebiT im finansuri aqtivebisaTvis, romlebic individualurad arsebiTia, da individualuri an jgufuri SefasebiT im aqtivebisaTvis, romlebic calke aRebuli ar aris arsebiTi. gaufasurebis rezervis cvlileba aisaxeba mogebaze rezervis xarjis angariSis saSualebiT (amortizebuli RirebulebiT asaxuli finansuri aqtivebisaTvis), an pirdapiri CamoweriT (TviTRirebulebiT asaxuli aqtivebisaTvis). finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi asaxul aqtivebs akldeba gaufasurebis Tanxa. gaufasurebis rezervis obieqturi safuZvelis gansazRvrisaTvis, banki ganixilavs iseT faqtorebs rogoricaa msesxeblis an gamomSvebis likvidoba, gadaxdisunarianoba, biznesisa da finansuri riskebi, msgavsi finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis gadauxdelobis xarisxi da tendenciebi, adgilobrivi ekonomikis tendencia da mdgomareoba, agreTve uzrunvelyofisa da garantiebis sabazro Rirebuleba. aRniSnuli da sxva faqtorebi, individualurad an jgufurad, warmoadgenen finansuri aqtivis an aqtivebis jgufis gaufasurebisaTvis sakmaris obieqtur safuZvels. gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtoric, rom danakargebis Sefaseba moicavs subieqtur faqtorebs. bankis xelmZRvaneloba miiCnevs, rom aRricxuli gaufasurebis Tanxa sakmarisia risks daqvemdebarebul aqtivebze gaweuli danakargebis dasafarad angariSgebis TariRisaTvis, Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli, rom garkveul periodSi bankma ganicados danakargebi, romlebic aRemateba aRricxuli gaufasurebis rezervis odenobas. gasayidad gankuTvnili grZelvadiani aqtivebi grZelvadiani aqtivebi klasificirdeba, rogorc gasayidad gankuTvnili im SemTxvevaSi Tu arsebobs didi albaToba imisa, rom aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebuleba

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aRdgeba gayidvis garigebis Sedegad da ara aqtivis gamoyenebis gagrZelebis Sedegad, da Tu aqtivis (an sarealizacio jgufis) gayidva SesaZlebelia dauyovnebliv mis arsebul mdgomareobaSi. xelmZRvanelobam unda ganaxorcielos da dasrulebulad asaxos gayidva aqtivis gasayidad gankuTvnilad aRiarebis TariRidan erT weliwadSi. gasayidad gankuTvnili grZelvadiani aqtivebis Sefaseba xdeba sabalanso Rirebulebasa da gayidvis xarjiT Semcirebul realur Rirebulebas Soris umciresi TanxiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gasayidad gankuTvnili aqtivebis realuri Rirebuleba gayidvis xarjebis gamoklebiT naklebia sabalanso Rirebulebaze, gaufasurebis danakargebi aisaxeba mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi, rogorc zarali gasayidad gankuTvnil grZelvadian aqtivebze. aqtivebis gayidvis xarjebis gamoklebiT realuri Rirebulebis Semdgomi zrda aRiarebas eqvemdebareba dagrovili gaufasurebis danakargebis TanxiT, romelic ukve aisaxa am konkretul aqtivTan mimarTebaSi. ZiriTadi saSualebebi ZiriTadi saSualebebi warmodgenilia istoriuli RirebulebiT dagrovili cveTisa da gaufasurebis gamoklebiT, aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTa gamoiqviTeba maTi sabalanso Rirebulebidan da gamoiyeneba aqtivebis Camosawerad maTi eqspluataciis vadis amowurvamde. cveTisa da amortizaciis gaangariSeba warmoebs wrfivi meTodiT Semdegi wliuri ganakveTebis gamoyenebiT: Senobebi kompiuterebi, saofise mowyobiloba da aveji transporti sxva

% 2 10-20 20 20

remontisa da gaumjobesebis xarjebi aisaxeba gawevisTanave da miekuTvneba saoperacio xarjebs an eqvemdebareba kapitalizacias Tu arsebobs amis sakmarisi safuZveli. ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebulebis gadaxedva xdeba TiToeuli saangariSgebo TariRisaTvis, raTa dadgindes aRemateba Tu ara maTi sabalanso Rirebuleba maT aRdgeniT Rirebulebas. aRdgeniTi Rirebuleba warmoadgens udides gayidvis xarjebiT Semcirebul realur Rirebulebasa da arsebul gamoyenebad Rirebulebas Soris. ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebulebis aRdgeniT Rirebulebaze gadametebis SemTxvevaSi, aqtivebi eqvemdebareba Semcirebas maT aRdgeniT Rirebulebamde. gaufasurebiT miRebuli danakargebis aRiareba xdeba Sesabamis saangariSgebo periodSi da aisaxeba mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi. gaufasurebiT gamowveuli danakargebis asaxvis Semdeg, xdeba ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTis koreqtireba Semdgom periodebSi, imisaTvis, rom gaangariSebuli aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebuleba narCeni Rirebulebis gamoklebiT (Tu aseTi arsebobs) sistematurad gadanawildes darCenil sasargeblo moxmarebis periodze. aramaterialuri aqtivebi aramaterialuri aqtivebi moicavs kompiuterul programebs da licenziebs.

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calke Sesyiduli aramaterialuri aqtivebi individualurad aRiricxeba da TviTRirebulebiT aisaxeba Tavdapirveli aRiarebisas. Tavdapirveli aRiarebis Semdgom aRiricxeba TviTRirebulebiT, dagrovili amortizaciisa da gaufasurebis gamoklebiT. aramaterialuri aqtivebis moxmarebis periodi Sefasebulia rogorc gansazRvruli, an ganusazRvreli vadis mqone. vadiani aramaterialuri aqtivebi amortizebulia 5 wliani sasargeblo moxmarebis vadis ganmavlobaSi da maTi Sefaseba gaufasurebasTan mimarTebaSi xdeba gaufasurebis obieqturi maCveneblis arsebobisas. vadiani aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizaciis periodisa da meTodebis gadaxedva xorcieldeba yoveli finansuri wlis bolos.

sagadasaxado dabegvra bankis aqtivebi, qoneba da Semosavali, iseve rogorc misi saqmianoba da operaciebi ar eqvemdebareba dabegvras da sxva mosakreblebis gadaxdas. mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli fuli mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli fuli warmoadgens bankis mier kanonisa da centraluri bankis funqciis farglebSi gamoSvebul banknotebsa da monetebs. mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli banknotebi da monetebi finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi aisaxeba bankis salaroSi naRdi fulis odenobiT Semcirebuli nominaluri RirebulebiT. banknotebisa da monetebis damzadebis xarjebi aisaxeba xarjebSi maTi gawevisTanave. rodesac komerciuli bankebi ubruneben banks banknotebs, xdeba maTi mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fuladi saxsrebidan amoReba da maTi mdgomareobidan an statusidan gamomdinare, xdeba maTi an ganadgureba, an bankis sarezervo fondebSi Senaxva. valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis, klientTa da finansTa saministros mimarT da gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi gamoSvebuli finansuri instrumentebi, an maTi ekonomikuri komponentebi klasificirdeba rogorc valdebulebebi, rodesac kontraqtis pirobebis safuZvelze banks gaaCnia valdebuleba mflobels gadasces fuladi saxsrebi, an sxva finansuri aqtivi, an dafaros valdebuleba fuladi saxsrebis fiqsirebul Tanxaze, an sxva finansuri aqtivi sakuTari kapitalis instrumentebis fiqsirebul raodenobaze gacvlis saSualebiT. amgvari instrumentebi moicavs valdebulebebs mTavrobis, rezidenti finansuri institutebis, klientebis mimarT, gamoSvebul savalo fasian qaRaldebs da valdebulebebs saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT. isini Tavdapirvelad aRiarebas eqvemdebareba realuri RirebulebiT garigebis pirdapiri xarjebis gamoklebiT. Tavdapirveli aRiarebis Semdeg es finansuri valdebulebebi aisaxeba amortizebuli RirebulebiT efeqturi saprocento ganakveTis gamoyenebiT. anaricxebi anaricxebis aRiareba xdeba maSin, rodesac banks aqvs mimdinare iuridiuli an pirobiTi valdebulebebi, romlebic warmoiSva warsuli movlenebis Sedegad da romelTa dafarvisaTvis SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes ekonomikuri sargeblis matarebeli resursebis gadineba da aRniSnuli valdebulebis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia sakmarisi sizustiT. pirobiTi aqtivebi da valdebulebebi pirobiTi valdebulebebi ar aisaxeba finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi, magram warmodgenilia finansur angariSgebaSi angariSsworebisas saxsrebis nebismieri gadinebis SesaZleblobis arsebobamde. pirobiTi aqtivi finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi ar aisaxeba, magram warmodgenilia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ekonomikuri mogebis miRebaa navaraudevi. sapensio da sxva valdebulebebi TanamSromelTa mimarT 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT banks ar gaaCnda raime moqmedi sapensio gegma, an pensiaze gasvlis Semdgomi kompensacia. 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT banks Sesabamisad gaaCnda sapensio sqemis mixedviT valdebulebebi 523 da 638 laris odenobiT (SeniSvna 17), rac warmoadgens 2009 wlis 29 maiss gauqmebuli sapensio proeqtis mixedviT gadasaxdel valdebulebebs. am sapensio proeqtis farglebSi banki sakuTari TanamSromlebisagan iRebda sapensio Senatanebs da sapensio asakis miRwevis Semdeg dagrovili Tanxidan uxdida TanamSromlebs pensias winaswar SeTanxmebuli grafikis mixedviT.

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Semosavlebisa da xarjebis aRiareba Semosavali aRiarebas eqvemdebareba imdenad, ramdenadac mosalodnelia ekonomikuri sargeblis miReba da Semosavlis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia sakmarisi xarisxis sizustiT.

saprocento da msgavsi Semosavali da xarji amortizebuli RirebulebiT asaxuli yvela finansuri instrumentisa da saprocento Semosavlebis mqone savaWro fasiani qaRaldebidan miRebuli saprocento Semosavlebi da xarjebi aRiarebas eqvemdebareba efeqturi saprocento ganakveTis meTodiT. efeqturi saprocento ganakveTiT aRricxva warmoadgens meTods, romelic zustad axdens mosalodneli fuladi saxsrebis gadaxdebis an Semodinebis diskontirebas finansuri aqtivis, an finansuri valdebulebis wminda mimdinare Rirebulebamde finansuri instrumentis mosalodneli vadis, an Tu misaRebia, ufro mokle periodis ganmavlobaSi. gamoTvlisas gaTvaliswinebulia finansur instrumentTan dakavSirebuli sakontraqto pirobebi (mag.: winaswari gadaxdis SesaZlebloba) rac moicavs nebismier gasamrjelos, an damatebiT xarjebs, romlebic pirdapir ganekuTvneba instruments, da warmoadgens efeqturi saprocento ganakveTis ganuyofel nawils, magram ar moicavs momaval sakredito danakargebs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu banki Secvlis gadaxdebisa da Semosavlebis Sefasebebs, saWiro xdeba finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis sabalanso Rirebulebis koreqtireba. koreqtirebuli sabalanso Rirebuleba gamoiTvleba Tavdapirveli efeqturi saprocento ganakveTis gamoyenebiT da cvlileba sabalanso RirebulebaSi aisaxeba rogorc saprocento Semosavali an xarji. mas Semdeg, rac finansuri aqtivi an msgavsi finansuri aqtivebis jgufi Camoiwereba (nawilobriv Camoiwereba), gaufasurebis Sedegad miRebuli danakargebis gamo, saprocento Semosavlis aRiareba Tavdapirveli saprocento ganakveTiT grZeldeba axal sabalanso RirebulebasTan mimarTebaSi.

sakomisio Semosavlebi da xarjebi banki iRebs sakomisio Semosavalebs kontragentebisaTvis sxvadasxva saxis momsaxurebis gawevis safuZvelze. sakomisio Semosavlebi moicavs naRdi fuliT ganxorcielebul operaciebsa da gadaricxvebis sakomisios, rac aisaxeba rogorc momsaxurebis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavali. sakomisio xarjebi moicavs saoperacio da angariSsworebis sakomisio xarjebs, da gare xelmZRvanelisaTvis gadaxdil sakomisios. ucxouri valutis gadafaseba finansuri angariSgeba warmodgenilia larSi, romelic bankis funqcionaluri da saangariSgebo valutaa. garigebebi ucxour valutaSi Tavdapirvelad aisaxeba funqcionalur valutaSi, garigebis TariRisaTvis moqmedi gacvliTi kursis Sesabamisad. ucxour valutaSi denominirebuli fuladi aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis erovnul valutaSi gadafaseba xdeba angariSgebis TariRisaTvis dafiqsirebuli funqcionaluri valutis gacvliTi kursiT. ucxour valutaSi istoriuli RirebulebiT warmodgenili arafuladi erTeulebis gadafaseba xorcieldeba Tavdapirveli garigebisaTvis arsebuli gacvliTi kursiT. ucxour valutaSi realuri RirebulebiT warmodgenili arafuladi erTeulebis gadafaseba xorcieldeba realuri Rirebulebis gansazRvris TariRisaTvis arsebuli gacvliTi kursiT. ucxour valutaSi ganxorcielebuli operaciebis gacvliT gamowveuli mogeba an zarali mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi aisaxeba ucxouri valutiT ganxorcielebuli operaciebidan miRebul wminda mogebaSi â&#x20AC;&#x201C; sakurso sxvaobebSi, romelic banks gadaaqvs ucxouri valutis gadafasebis rezervSi da romlis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia mxolod gadafasebis momavali wminda zaralis kompensirebis mizniT, rogorc aRwerilia 23-e SeniSvnaSi. sxvaoba kontraqtiT gaTvaliswinebul ucxour valutaSi denominirebuli garigebebis gacvliT kursebsa da bankSi garigebis TariRisaTvis arsebul kursebs Soris aisaxeba wminda mogebaSi ucxour valutaSi ganxorcielebuli savaWro operaciebidan. 188

gacvliTi kursebi qvemoT mocemulia wlis bolosaTvis arsebuli gacvliTi kursebi, romlebic bankma gamoiyena finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas:

lari/1 aSS dolari lari/1 evro lari/1 avstraliuri dolari lari/1 funti sterlingi lari/1 SDR

31 dekemberi 2012

31 dekemberi 2011

1.6567 2.1825 1.7200 2.6653 2.5567

1.6703 2.1614 1.6980 2.5776 2.5644

finansuri aqtivebis da valdebulebebis gaqviTva finansuri aqtivebi da finansuri valdebulebebi iqviTeba da finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi aisaxeba wminda TanxiT, im SemTxvevaSi Tu banks aqvs iuridiuli ufleba ganaxorcielos aRiarebuli Tanxebis gaqviTva da ganzraxuli aqvs moaxdinos aqtivis CaTvla wminda RirebulebiT an erTdroulad moaxdinos aqtivis realizacia da valdebulebis dafarva. banki valdebulebebTan ar qviTavs gadacemul finansur aqtivs da masTan dakavSirebul valdebulebas, rodesac asaxavs im finansuri aqtivebis gadacemas, romlebic ar eqvemdebareba aRiarebis Sewyvetas. finansuri aqtivebis reklasifikacia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu savaWrod gankuTvnil finansur aqtivebad klasificirebuli arawarmoebuli finansuri aqtivebis gayidva axlo momavalSi aRar igegmeba, SesaZlebelia maTi reklasifikacia mogeba-zaralSi realuri RirebulebiT aRricxuli finansuri aqtivebis kategoriebidan Semdeg kategoriebSi: x

finansuri aqtivebi, romlebic akmayofileben zemoT mocemul sesxebisa da moTxovnebis ganmartebas, SeiZleba reklasificirdes sesxebsa da moTxovnebSi, Tu banks gaaCnia ganzraxva da unari flobdes am aqtivebs axlo momavalSi an dafarvis vadamde;

sxva finansuri aqtivebis reklasifikacia gasayidad arsebul, an dafarvis vadamde flobili instrumentebis kategoriebSi SesaZlebelia mxolod iSviaT SemTxvevebSi.

gasayidad arsebuli finansuri aqtivi, romelic akmayofilebs sesxebisa da moTxovnebis ganmartebas, im SemTxvevaSi reklasificirdeba sesxebisa da moTxovnebis kategoriaSi, Tu banks aqvs ganzraxva da unari flobdes mas axlo momavalSi, an dafarvis vadamde. finansuri aqtivebis reklasifikacia xorcieldeba maTi realuri RirebulebiT reklasifikaciis TariRis mdgomareobiT. mogebasa Tu zaralSi ukve aRiarebuli mogebisa da zaralis rezervis aRdgena ar xorcieldeba. finansuri aqtivis reklasifikaciis TariRis mdgomareobiT realuri Rirebuleba xdeba misi axali TviTRirebuleba, an Tu marTebulia misi amortizebuli Rirebuleba. xelmZRvanelobis gansjis sferoebi da Sefasebebis arasarwmunoobis wyaro bankis finansuri angariSgebis momzadebis procesi moiTxovs xelmZRvanelobis Sefasebebsa da daSvebebs, romlebsac gavlena aqvs angariSgebis TariRisaTvis aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis warmodgenil Tanxebze da aRiarebul mogebasa da zaralze periodis bolosaTvis. daSvebebi da gansjiTi Sefasebebi mudmivad ganixileba xelmZRvanelobis mier. xelmZRvanelobis Sefaseba efuZneba istoriul gamocdilebas da mraval sxva faqtors, romlebic marTebulad iTvleba mocemul garemoebebSi. bankis faqtiuri Sedegebi SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes am daSvebebisagan sxvadasxva pirobebSi. bankis finansuri mdgomareobis warmodgenisaTvis mniSvnelovnad iTvleba Semdegi daSvebebi da Sefasebebi. 189

finansuri instrumentebis Sefaseba mogebasa da zaralSi realuri RirebulebiT asaxuli gasayidad arsebuli finansuri instrumentebi da yvela warmoebuli finansuri instrumenti asaxulia realuri RirebulebiT. am finansuri instrumentebis realuri Rirebuleba warmoadgens dadgenil Tanxas, romliTac igi gaicvleba mosurve mxareebs Soris garda iZulebiTi, an salikvidacio gayidvisa. Tu kotirebuli instrumentis sabazro Rirebuleba arsebobs, realuri Rirebuleba iangariSeba sabazro Rirebulebaze dayrdnobiT. rodesac Sefasebis parametrebi ar Cans bazris monacemebidan, an maTi gansazRvra SeuZlebelia sabazro fasebze dayrdnobiT, realuri Rirebuleba dgindeba sxva arsebul sabazro monacemebze dayrdnobiT, romelic Seesabameba TiToeuli produqtisa da fasis dadgenis models da iyenebs finansur Teoriebze dafuZnebul maTematikur meTodologias. fasis dadgenis modelebi iTvaliswinebs fasiani qaRaldebis kontraqtis pirobebs da Sefasebis sabazro parametrebs, rogoricaa saprocento ganakveTebi, cvalebadoba, gacvliTi kursebi da kontragentis sakredito reitingi. iq sadac ar arsebobs bazarze dafuZnebuli parametrebi, xelmZRvaneloba adgens am parametris Sefasebis saukeTeso Sedegs imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu instrumentis ra fasi dadgindeboda bazarze. am midgomis ganxorcielebisas gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva instrumentebi, romlebic moicavs: sarwmuno gansaxilvel monacemebs, istoriul monacemebs da eqstrapolaciis meTodebs. Tavdapirveli aRiarebisas finansuri instrumentebis realuri Rirebulebis saukeTeso dasabuTeba aris garigebis fasi, Tu instrumenti dasabuTebulia sabazro monacemebTan Sedarebis safuZvelze. nebismieri sxvaoba garigebis fassa da Rirebulebas Soris, romelic Sefasebis teqnikas efuZneba ar aisaxeba mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi Tavdapirveli aRiarebisas. Tavdapirveli aRiarebisas finansuri instrumentebis realuri Rirebulebis saukeTeso dasabuTeba aris garigebis fasi, Tu instrumenti dasabuTebulia sabazro monacemebTan Sedarebis safuZvelze. banki miiCnevs, rom finansuri instrumentis SefasebasTan dakavSirebuli buRaltruli daSveba, im SemTxvevaSi rodesac kotirebuli sabazro fasebi ar aris xelmisawvdomi, warmoadgens Sefasebis arasawrmunoobis mTavar wyaros, radgan (I) arsebobs didi albaToba misi perioduli cvlilebisa, radganac igi saWiroebs xelmZRvanelobis Sefasebebs saprocento ganakveTebTan, cvalebadobasTan, gacvliT kursebTan, kontragentis sakredito reitingTan, Sefasebis koreqtirebasa da garigebis specifiur maxasiaTeblebTan mimarTebaSi; da (II) Sefasebis cvlilebis aRiarebis efeqti finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi warmodgenil aqtivebsa da aseve mogebasa an zaralze, romelic SeiZleba arsebiTi aRmoCndes. xelmZRvanelobas rom gamoeyenebina sxva daSvebebi saprocento ganakveTebTan, cvalebadobasTan, gacvliT kursebTan, kontragentis sakredito reitingTan da Sefasebis koreqtirebasTan mimarTebaSi, im finansuri instrumentebis Sefasebisas, romelTaTvisac ar arsebobs kotirebuli sabazro fasebi, Sefasebis rogorc did aseve patara cvililebas arsebiTi gavlena eqneboda bankis warmodgenil wminda mogebaze.

gaufasurebis danakargebis rezervi sesxebsa da avansebze banki gaufasurebis Sefasebis mizniT regularulad ganixilavs sakuTar sesxebsa da avansebs. gaufasurebis danakargebis aRiarebis mizniT banki sakuTari sesxebisa da avansebis portfelSi adgens sesxebis gaufasurebis rezervs. banki sesxebis gaufasurebis rezervTan dakavSirebul buRaltrul daSvebebs miiCnevs Sefasebis arasarwmunoobis mTavar wyarod, radgan (I) arsebobs didi albaToba maTi perioduli cvlilebisa, radganac momavali gadauxdelobis Sefaseba da gaufasurebul sesxebTan da avansebTan dakavSirebuli danakargebis gansazRvra dafuZnebulia im periodisaTvis arsebul informaciaze, da (II) bankis mier gansazRvrul danakargebsa da realur danakargebs Soris nebismieri mniSvnelovani sxvaoba gamoiwvevs bankis rezervebis iseT koreqtirebas, romelmac SeiZleba arsebiTi gavlena iqonios mis finansur angariSgebaze momavalSi. 190

banki eyrdnoba xelmZRvanelobis profesiul gansjas nebismieri gaufasurebis danakargebis dasadgenad im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msesxebeli finansuri problemebis winaSe aRmoCnda da istoriuli gamocdilebis monacemebi msgavsi msesxeblebis Sesaxeb mwiria. banki fuladi saxsrebis moZraobaSi cvlilebebs gansazRvravs wina periodis gamocdilebaze da xelmisawvdom monacemebze dayrdnobiT, romlebic miuTiTebs uaryofiT cvlilebebze jgufSi Semavali msesxeblis gadaxdisunarianobis da adgilobrivi ekonomikuri pirobebis TvalsazrisiT, rac ukavSirdeba bankis aqtivebis amoRebis SesaZleblobis ar arsebobas. xelmZRvanebloba iyenebs daSvebebs im aqtivebis istoriul danakargebze dayrdnobiT, romelTa sakredito riskebis maxasiaTeblebi da gaufasurebis obieqturi maCveneblebi msgavsia sesxebis mocemuli jgufisaTvis. banki mimarTavs xelmZRvanelobis profesiul gansjas da akoreqtirebs sesxebis jgufis Sesaxeb arsebul monacemebs mimdinare garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic aqamde ar asaxula istoriul monacemebSi. finansuri aqtivebis gaufasurebis rezervi finansur angariSgebaSi ganisazRvra arsebuli ekonomikuri da politikuri pirobebis gaTvaliswinebis safuZvelze.

ZiriTadi saSualebebisa da aramaterialuri aqtivebis sasargeblo moxmarebis vada ZiriTadi saSualebebi da aramaterialuri aqtivebi warmodgenilia istoriuli RirebulebiT dagrovili cveTis/amortizaciis da dagrovili gaufasurebis danakargebis gamoklebiT. ZiriTadi saSualebebisa da aramaterialuri aqtivebis sasargeblo moxmarebis vadis dadgena warmoadgens xelmZRvanelobis msjelobis sagans msgavs aqtivebTan arsebul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT. aqtivebis sasargeblo moxmarebis vadis dadgenisas xelmZRvaneloba iTvaliswinebs mosalodnel gamoyenebas, teqnikur da iuridiul moZvelebas, fizikur moxmarebasa da cveTas da aqtivis saoperacio garemos parametrebs. cvlilebam romelime erT pirobaSi an SefasebaSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios momavalSi cveTisa da amortizaciis ganakveTis koreqtireba. axali da Sesworebuli finansuri aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis (fass) miReba cvlilebebi bass 1-Si “sxva sruli Semosavlis komponentebis wardgena” bankma winaswar miiRo bass 1-is cvlilebebi “sxva sruli Semosavlis wardgena”-sTan dakavSirebiT ZalaSi Sesvlis TariRamde, 2012 wlis 1 ivlisiT dawyebuli angariSgebis periodi. mocemuli Sesworebebis safuZvelze damkvidrda axali terminologia “sruli mogeba-zaralis angariSgebis” da “Semosavlis angariSgebis”. bass 1-is “sxva sruli mogeba-zaralis wardgena” cvlilebebis Sesabamisad “sruli mogeba-zaralis angariSgebis” nacvlad damkvidrda “mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis angariSgeba”, aseve “Semosavlis angariSgebis” nacvlad - “mogebazaralis angariSgeba”. cvlilebebi bass 1-Si “sxva sruli Semosavlis wardgena” iZleva SesaZleblobas mogeba-zaralisa da sxva sruli Semosavlis, rogorc erT iseve or, magram Tanmimdevrul angariSgebad wardgenas. miuxedavad amisa, cvlilebebi bass 1-Si “sxva sruli Semosavlis wardgena” moiTxovs sxva sruli Semosavlis punqtebis or kategoriad dajgufebas sxva sruli Semosavlis ganyofilebaSi: (a) punqtebi, romelTa reklasificireba ar moxdeba SemdgomSi mogeba-zaralis farglebSi da (b) punqtebi, romelTa reklasificireba SesaZlebelia SemdgomSi mogeba-zaralSi konkretuli pirobebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi. cvlilebebis miReba moxda retrospeqtiulad, Sesabamisad moxda “sxva sruli Semosavlis wardgenis” modificireba cvlilebebis asaxvis mizniT. wardgenaSi zemoxsenebuli cvlilebebis garda cvlilebebi bass 1-Si “sxva sruli Semosavlis wardgena” ar gamoiwvevs aranair gavlenas mogeba-zaralze, sxva srul Semosavalze an srul Semosavalze.

191

gamocemuli da jer ar miRebuli axali da Sesworebuli finansuri aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebi finansuri angariSgebis gamosaSvebad damtkicebis TariRisaTvis, gamocemul iqna, Tumca ZalaSi ar iyo Sesuli, Semdegi standartebi da interpretaciebi, romlebic bankma ar miiRo maTi ZalaSi Sesvlis TariRamde: x

fass 9 ,,finansuri instrumentebi”3

fass 10 ,,konsolidirebuli finansuri angariSgeba”3

fass 11 ,,erToblivi saqmianobis SeTanxmebebi”3

fass 12 ,,sxva kompaniebSi monawileobis wardgena” 3;

fass 13 ,,realuri Rirebulebis Sefaseba”2;

fass 7 “finansuri instrumentebi: ganmartebebis” cvlileba – “Dganmartebebi – finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis gaqviTva”1;

fass 9 “finansuri instrumentebisa” da fass 7 “finansuri instrumentebi: ganmartebebis” cvlilebebi - Mfass 9-is ZalaSi Sesvlis savaldebulo TariRi da tranziciis ganmartebebi”3;

fass 10 ,,konsolidirebuli finansuri angariSgeba”, fass 11 ,,erToblivi saqmianobis SeTanxmebebi” da fass 12 ,,sxva kompaniebSi monawileobis wardgena” cvlilebebi - “konsolidirebuli finansuri angariSgeba”, “erToblivi saqmianobis SeTanxmebebi” da “sxva kompaniebSi monawileobis wardgena: tranziciis ganmartebebi”1;

fass 19 (Seicvala 2011 wels) “TanamSromelTa gasamrjelo ”2;

; ;

;

fass 27 (Seicvala 2011 wels) “calkeuli finansuri angariSgebebi”2; bass 28 ,,investiciebi asocirebul da erTobliv sawarmoebSi” (Seicvala 2011 wels)2; bass 32 “finansuri instrumentebi: wardgenis” cvlileba – “finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis gaqviTva”4;

fass-is cvlilebebi – cvlilebebi Sevida 2009-2011ww. fass-is yovelwliuri Sesworebebidan: bass 1-is cvlilebebis garda (ix. zemoT) 1. 1 ZalaSia 2013 wlis 1 ianvriT dawyebuli wliuri periodisTvis adre gamoyenebis daSvebiT; 2 am xuTi standartidan TiToeuli standarti ZalaSi Seva 2013 wlis 1 ianvriT dawyebuli wliuri periodisaTvis da maTi adre gamoyeneba daSvebuli iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moxdeba xuTive standartis adre gamoyeneba (garda fass 12-isa, romlis adre gamoyeneba daSvebulia sxva standartebisgan damoukideblad). 3 ZalaSia 2015 wlis 1 ianvriT dawyebuli wliuri periodisTvis adre gamoyenebis daSvebiT. 4 ZalaSia 2014 wlis 1 ianvriT dawyebuli wliuri periodisTvis adre gamoyenebis daSvebiT.

fass 7-is “finansuri instrumentebi: wardgena” da bass 32 “finansuri instrumentebi: prezentacia” cvlilebebi – “finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis gaqviTva da masTan dakavSirebuli wardgenebi” bass 32 “finansuri instrumentebi: prezentacia” cvlileba moicavs finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis gaqviTvasTan dakavSirebul moTxovnebs. kerZod, Sesworeba ganmartavs Semdeg terminebs: “mieniWa gaqviTvis iuridiuli ufleba”, da “sinqronuli realizacia da angariSsworeba”.

fass 7-is “finansuri instrumentebi: wardgena” cvlileba moiTxovs sawarmosgan informacias gaqviTvasa da masTan dakavSirebul SeTanxmebaze (rogoricaa damatebiTi moTxovnebi) fLQDQVXU instrumentebTan mimarTebaSi arsebuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze. wardginebebi unda moxdes retrospeqtiulad Sesabamisi periodebisaTvis. 192

fass 9 â&#x20AC;&#x153;finansuri instrumentebiâ&#x20AC;? fass 9, â&#x20AC;&#x153;finansuri instrumentebiâ&#x20AC;?, romelic gamoSvebul iqna 2009 wlis noemberSi da Seicvala 2010 wlis oqtomberSi, warmoadgens axal moTxovnebs finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis klasifikaciasa da SefasebasTan da aRiarebis SewyvetasTan mimarTebaSi. fass 9-is ZiriTadi moTxovnebi: yvela aRiarebuli finansuri aqtivis, romelsac exeba bass 39 ,,finansuri instrumentebi: aRiareba da Sefasebaâ&#x20AC;?, aRiarebis Semdgomi gansazRvra unda moxdes amortizebuli an realuri RirebulebiT. kerZod, sasesxo instrumentebi, romlebsac biznes modelis Sesabamisad iyeneben kontraqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli fuladi saxsrebis miRebis mizniT da romelTac gaaCniaT kontraqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli fuladi nakadebi da warmoadgens ZiriTadi Tanxisa da darCenil ZiriTad Tanxebze daricxuli procentis gadaxdebs, zogadad aisaxeba amortizebuli RirebulebiT angariSgebis Sesabamisi periodis bolos. yvela sxva sasesxo instrumenti aisaxeba realuri RirebulebiT aRiarebis Semdgomi angariSgebis periodis bolos. wina periodebSi, bass 39-is safuZvelze mogebasa da zaralSi realuri RirebulebiT asaxuli finansuri valdebulebis realuri Rirebulebis cvlilebis erTiani Tanxa aRiarebas eqvemdebareboda mogebasa da zaralSi. fass 9-s yvelaze mniSvnelovani gavlena finansuri valdebulebebis klasifikaciasa da SefasebasTan mimarTebaSi ukavSirdeba (mogebasa da zaralSi realuri RirebulbiT asaxuli) finansuri valdebulebis realuri Rirebulebis iseTi cvlilebis asaxvas, romelic gamowveulia am valdebulebis sakredito riskis cvlilebiT. kerZod, fass 9-s gaTvaliswinebisas, finansuri valdebulebebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebic mogebasa da zaralSi realuri RirebulebiT aisaxeba, realuri Rirebulebis cvlilebis Tanxa am valdebulebis sakredito riskis cvlilebis SemTxvevaSi aisaxeba sxva srul mogeba-zaralSi, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac amgvari aRiareba gamoiwvevs, an gazrdis buRaltrul Seusabamobas mogebasa da zaralSi. finansuri valdebulebis sakredito riskis cvlilebis efeqti realur Rirebulebaze ar reklasificirdeba mogebasa da zaralSi. wina periodebSi, bass 39is safuZvelze mogebasa da zaralSi realuri RirebulebiT asaxuli finansuri valdebulebis realuri Rirebulebis cvlilebis erTiani Tanxa aRiarebas eqvemdebareboda mogebasa da zaralSi. bankis xelmZRvaneloba apirebs fass 9-s miRebas 2015 wlis 1 ianvriT dawyebuli periodidan momzadebuli bankis finansuri angariSgebisTvis da Tvlis, rom axali standartis gamoyenebas mniSvnelovani gavlena ar eqneba bankis finansuri aqtivebisa da finansuri valdebulebebis amsaxvel Tanxebze.

fass 13 â&#x20AC;&#x153;realuri Rirebulebis Sefasebaâ&#x20AC;? fass 13 â&#x20AC;&#x153;realuri Rirebulebis Sefasebaâ&#x20AC;? miznad isaxavs Sesabamisobis gaumjobesebasa da sirTuleebis aRmofxvras imis saSualebiT, rom uzrunvelyofs realuri Rirebulebis zust ganmartebas, realuri Rirebulebis Sefasebis da wardgenis moTxovnebis erTian wyaros, rac gamoyenebul iqneba fass-Si. standarti moicavs realuri Rirebulebis gansazRvras, calke fass-isTvis realuri Rirebulebis Sefasebis saSualebebs, realuri Rirebulebis Sefasebis wardgenis aucileblobas. fass 13 â&#x20AC;&#x153;realuri Rirebulebis Sefasebisâ&#x20AC;? areali farToa, is gamoiyeneba rogorc finansuri aseve arafinansur instrumentebTan mimarTebaSi, risTvisac sxva fass-is SemTxvevebSi saWiroa realuri Rirebulebis Sefaseba da ganmartebebi garda gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa. zogadad, fass 13-is â&#x20AC;&#x153;realuri Rirebulebis Sefasebisâ&#x20AC;? wardginebis moTxovnebi gacilebiT ufro vrceli da amomwuravia, vidre rac sxva moqmedi standartebiT moiTxoveba. magaliTad, raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi warGJinebebi, romlebic emyareba samsafexurian realur Rirebulebas da moiTxoveba mxolod fass 7 â&#x20AC;&#x153;finansuri instrumentebi: wardgenebiâ&#x20AC;?, gafarTovdeba fass 13 â&#x20AC;&#x153;realuri Rirebulebis SefasebiTâ&#x20AC;?, raTa moicvas yvela saxis aqtivebi da valdebulebebi. banki ar moelis, rom am cvlilebebs eqnebaT arsebiTi zegavlena finansur mdgomareobaze an saqmianobis Sedegebze.

193

sakomisio Semosavlebi da xarjebi sakomisio Semosavlebi da xarjebi moicavs:

2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

sakomisio Semosavlebi: fuladi saxsrebis gadaricxva sxva

1,049 27

413 22

sul sakomisio Semosavlebi

1,076

435

sakomisio xarjebi: gare menejerisaTvis gadaxdili sakomisio angariSsworebis operaciebi naRd fulTan dakavSirebuli operaciebi valdebulebis sakomisios dabruneba

(494) (202) (131) -

(500) (182) (37) (892)

sul sakomisio xarjebi

(827)

(1,611)

2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuOL wlisaTvis

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebXOL wlisaTvis

sxva Semosavlebi sxva Semosavlebi moicavs:

194

Semosavali miRebuli grantidan Semosavali jarimebidan samaxsovro monetebis gayidvidan miRebuli mogeba sxva

1,102 882 633 392

590 433 1,462 904

sxva Semosavlebi

3,009

3,389

saoperacio xarjebi saoperacio xarjebi moicavs: 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

2011 wlis31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

xelfasebi da premiebi anazRaurebadi Svebuleba da biuleteni

10,721 596

9,665 597

sul TanamSromlebze gaweuli xarjebi

11,317

10,262

sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis dafinansebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi sainformacio momsaxureba dacvis xarjebi komunaluri xarjebi socialuri daxmareba sawvavis xarjebi programuli uzrunvelyofis xarji sareklamo xarjebi profesiuli momsaxureba mivlineba da masTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi komunikaciis xarjebi personalis kvalifikaciis amaRleba dazRvevis xarjebi remonti da SekeTeba saofise xarji á&#x192;Ąxva

1,233 822 633 589 408 259 205 179 170 145 106 73 48 28 26 530

1,267 648 636 421 359 192 37 37 176 196 71 262 39 22 23 332

sul saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi

5,454

4,718

cveTis xarji (SeniSvna 15) amortizaciis xarji (SeniSvna 16)

2,459 1,294

2,429 616

sul cveTa da amortizacia

3,753

3,045

bankis mier dafinansebuli sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis xarjebi moicavs saqarTvelos finansuri monitoringis samsaxurTan dakavSirebul xarjebs .

fuli da fulis ekvivalentebi 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

naRdi fuli ucxour valutaSi mimdinare angariSebi vadiani depozitebi finansur institutebSi 90 dRemde vadiT

237,730 149,450

147,917 78,930

1,087,192

1,463,454

sul fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi

1,474,372

1,690,301

195

2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, Sesabamisad 1,102,981 da 1,190,379 lari ganTavsebuli iyo saerTaSoriso aRiarebuli ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis organizaciis (egTo) cxra (2011: xuTi) komerciul da centralur bankSi mimdinare angariSebsa da oTxmocdaaT dRemde dafarvis vadis mqone depozitebze. 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT finansuri institutebis oTxmocdaaT dRemde vadis mqone depozitebze wliuri saprocento ganakveTis diapazoni Sesabamisad Seadgenda 0.16-3 da 0.06-4.4 procents. 8.

moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT moicavs: 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

Ddepozitebi

355

1,214

sul moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT ucxourL valuWL7

355

1,214

26,666

364,410

13,505

391,076

13,505

moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT ucxouUL valuti iT: moTxovnebi ararezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT

moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT erovnuli i valutiT moTxovnebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT komerciul bankebze gacemuli bolo instanciis sesxi refinansirebis sesxebi sul moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT erovnuli valuti iT

2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT finansuri institutebis oTxmocdaaT dReze meti vadis mqone depozitebze wliuri saprocento ganakveTis diapazoni Seadgenda 0 da 0 procents. 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT banks gaaCnda refinansirebis sesxebi gacemuli sam komerciul bankze 364,410 laris odenobiT da or komerciul bankze 13,505 laris odenobiT, Sesabamisad 5.25-5.3 da 6.8-6.85 wliuri saprocento ganakveTis diapazoniT da bolo instanciis sesxi gacemuli erT rezident komerciul bankze 26,666 aTasi laris odenobiT, wliuri saprocento ganakveTiT 13%.

196

sesxis uzrunvelyofa sesxis uzrunvelyofis tipi da kriteriumebi TiToeuli uzrunvelyofis tipisTvis ganisazRvreba bankis sabWos mier. uzrunvelyofisTvis miRebuli tipebia a) saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da bankis mier gamoSvebuli fasiani qaRaldebi, b) saerTaSoriso bankis garantiebi; g) komerciuli bankebisgan sesxis aqtivebis moTxovna; bankis monetaruli politikis komiteti periodulad gansazRvravs TiToeuli tipis uzrunvelyofis dasakavebel Tanxas. kanoniT gansazRvrul gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi, bankis sabWo uflebamosilia uzrunvelyofis gareSe gasces bolo instanciis sesxi. kanonis Tanaxmad saqarTvelos erovnul banks gaaCnia msesxeblis aqtivebis dayadaRebis ufleba. refinansirebis sesxebze miRebuli uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi tipebia bankis mier gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi an saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebi. bankis sabWo monitorings uwevs uzrunvelyofis sabazro Rirebulebas, Sesabamisi xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad iTxovs damatebiT uzrunvelyofas da ganixilavs uzrunvelyofis sabazro Rirebulebas sesxis gaufasurebis rezervis adekvaturobis ganxilvisas.

SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi (“ssf”)

aqtivebi: SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi valdebulebebi: saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimdinare angariSebi mimdinare angariSi # 1 mimdinare angariSi # 2

saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan miRebuli saxsrebi: “sTend-bai” SeTanxmeba (SBA) siRaribis daZleva da ekonomikuri zrda (PRGF) zogadi SDR-is saxsrebis ganawileba specialuri SDR-is saxsrebis ganawileba

sul valdebulebebi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT gare--sabalanso naSTebi: saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis kvota saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis kvotisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan miRebuli saxsrebis uzrunvelsayofad flobili fasiani qaRaldebi

2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

366,645

373,034

948 25 973

998 27 1,025

420,452 169,567 283,797 82,796 956,612

759,349 221,089 285,873 83,402 1,349,713

957,585

1,350,738

338,511

398,944

(1,429,718)

(1,877,565)

197

SDR--is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi SDR-is angariSi warmoadgens bankis mimdinare angariSs saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi, romelic gamoiyeneba sesxebTan dakavSirebuli operaciebisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondTan angariSsworebisaTvis. SDR-is angariSi ZiriTadad Seadgens saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad miRebul SDR saxsrebis zogad da specialur ganawilebas. SDR-is angariSze daricxuli procentis gaangariSeba xdeba saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mier yovelkvireulad dadgenili ganakveTiT, romelic efuZneba ZiriTad fulad bazrebze arsebul moklevadian sabazro ganakveTebs. 2012 da 2011 wlebis ganmavlobaSi saSualo wliurma saprocento ganakveTma Sesabamisad Seadgina 0.1 da 0.4 procenti. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimdinare angariSebi banks moeTxoveba saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis ori angariSis floba: mimdinare angariSi #1 da mimdinare angariSi #2. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis angariSi #1 gamoiyeneba saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mier saoperacio angariSsworebisaTvis, xolo mimdinare angariSi #2 gankuTvnilia saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mier larSi warmoSobili saoperacio xarjebis dasafarad. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan miRebuli saxsrebi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan miRebuli saxsrebi warmoadgens 0.5 wliuri saprocento ganakveTis mqone aT wlian PRGF sesxs, romelic miRebul iqna siRaribis daZlevisa da makroekonomikuri stabilurobis xelSewyobisaTvis. PRGF-ECF (“Extended Credit Facility”) trasti saxsrebs centraluri bankebisagan, samTavrobo da sxva oficialuri dawesebulebebisgan sesxulobs ZiriTadad sabazro saprocento ganakveTiT da gascems PRGF-ze uflebis mqone qveynebs. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan miRebuli sxva saxsrebisaTvis amgvari trasti ar arsebobs. 2010 wlis 7 ianvridan procenti PRGF-ECF sesxebze droebiT gauqmda 2011 wlis 31 dekembramde. 2012 wlis 21 dekembers saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis sabWom 2014 wlis 31 dekembramde gadaavada 2010 wlis 7 ianvars SemoRebuli procentis gauqmeba PRGF sesxze. 2014 wlis bolos saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi gadaxedavs saprocento ganakveTebs PRGF-ECF saxsrebisTvis da am TariRidan yovel or weliwadSi ganixilavs maT. 2014 wlis Semdeg PRGF-ECF sesxebze mosalodneli wliuri saprocento ganakveTi Seadgens 0.25 procents. xuT wliani dafarvis vadisa da cvalebadi saprocento ganakveTis mqone SBA saxsrebi gacemul iqna erTiani saerTaSoriso rezervebisa da investorebis ndobis aRdgenis mizniT. 2012 da 2011 wlebis ganmavlobaSi wliuri saprocento ganakveTis diapazoni SBA saxsrebze Sesabamisad Seadgins 1.05-1.15 da 1.11-1.6 procents. SBA sesxis dafarva daiwyo 2011 wels. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan miRebuli saxsrebi mTlianad denominirebulia SDR-Si. PRGF sesxis srulad dafarva mosalodnelia 2017 wels, xolo SBA sesxis – 2014 wels. SDR saxsrebis ganawileba

198

SDR saxsrebis ganawileba warmoadgens saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mier uzrunvelyofis gareSe, saprocento ganakveTis mqone SDR saxsrebis ganawilebas zogadi da specialuri saxsrebis saxiT. saxsrebis zogadi ganawileba saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mier xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad xorcieldeba SDR ganyofilebis yvela wevrisaTvis kvotis proporciulad. 2009 wlis 10 agvistoTi daTariRebuli saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis xelSekrulebis meoTxe cvlileba, romelic gansazRvravs SDR saxsrebis specialur, erTjerad ganawilebas, ukavSirdeba globaluri likvidobis xelSewyobas. cvlilebis Tanaxmad saxsrebis specialuri ganawileba Seexo saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis wevrebs, maT Soris saqarTvelos, 2009 wlis 9 seqtembers. wevrebi da gansazRvruli mflobelebi uflebamosilni arian SDR saxsrebi gamoiyenon saerTaSoriso savaluto fondTan operaciebis

gansaxorcieleblad. banki saxsrebis ganawilebas miiCnevs saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis winaSe ucxour valutaSi arsebul valdebulebad. saqarTvelo, rogorc saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis wevri da saxsrebis mimRebi qveyana, valdebulia saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis winaSe im TanxiT, romelic utoldeba masze ganawilebul wminda akumulirebul saxsrebs da nebismier sxva Tanxas, romelic eqvemdebareba gadaxdas wevrobis Sewyvetis, an saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis SDR ganyofilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi. SDR saxsrebis ganawilebis saprocento ganakveTis diapazoni 2012 da 2011 wlebSi Sesabamisad Seadgenda wliur 0.03-0.15 da 0.11-0.59 procents. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis kvota saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis kvota 150.3 milioni SDR-is odenobiT warmoadgens saqarTvelos sawevro Senatans saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi, romelsac ar ericxeba saprocento ganakveTi. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis kvotisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan miRebuli saxsrebis uzrunvelsayofad flobili fasiani qaRaldebi fasiani qaRaldi Sedgeba saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis kvotis uzrunvelsayofad flobili 338,511 larisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan miRebuli saxsrebis uzrunvelsayofad flobili 1,429,718 larisagan. fasiani qaRaldi saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier gamoSvebul iqna 1992 wels saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis kvotasTan mimarTebaSi. uzrunvelyofis saxiT arsebuli fasiani qaRaldi moicavs saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisgan saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da bankis mier miRebuli saxsrebis mTlian nominalur Rirebulebas. fasiani qaRaldis nominaluri Rirebuleba icvleba yovelwliuri gadafasebisas da bankis mier saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis saerTo resursebis angariSidan saxsrebis miRebisas. fasian qaRalds banki flobs Senaxvis mizniT, Sedegad misi aRricxva xdeba gare-sabalanso angariSze da warmodgenilia nominaluri RirebulebiT.

199

10.

warmoebul finansur instrumentebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivebi 31 dekemberi 2012 fiuCersis marJa

191

sabalanso Rirebuleba

11.

31 dekemberi 2011

pirobiTi Rirebuleba

sabalanso Rirebuleba

pirobiTi Rirebuleba

VDSrocento ganakveTis fiuCersi: VDSrocento ganakveTze fiuCersTan dakavSirebuli valdebuleba ZPLQGD pozicia fiuCersze

(5) (5)

73,889 73,889

ZDUmoebul finansur instrumentebTan dakavSirebuli wminda aqtivebi

186

73,889

savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi moicavs: 31 dekemberi 2012 saxelmwifo savalo fasiani qaRaldebi:: US Treasury Notes supranacionaluri savalo fasiani qaRaldebi: African Development Bank

31 dekemberi 2011

125,651 125,651

108,646 108,646

3,446 3,446

8,358 8,358

16,578 7,461 6,645 4,970 1,749 37,403

5,006 1,669 7,539 16,703 3,348 34,265

166,500

151,269

saagentos savalo fasiani qaRaldebi: Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau, Frankfurt Kommunalbanken AS, Oslo Federal Home Loan Federal Home Loan Mortgage Province of Ontario, Canada, Toronto Norway Sovereign Agency KFW International Finance Canadian Regional Authority

sul savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi

200

qvemoT cxrilSi mocemulia savaWro fasiani qaRaldebis saprocento ganakveTebi da dafarvis vadebi: 31 dekemberi 20122 wliuri dafarvis vada saprocento ganakveTi saxelmwifo savalo fasiani qaRaldebi supranacionaluri savalo fasiani qaRaldebi saagentos savalo fasiani qaRaldebi

12.

31 dekemberi 20111 wl liuri dafarvis saprocento vada ganakveTi

0.125%-3.375%

2013-2014

0.375%-1.375%

2012-2013

3.00% 0.375%-4.1%

2014 2013-2014

0.54% 0.38%-0.66%

2012 2012-2014

gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi 31 dekemberi 2012 gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi ucxouri i valutiT: saxelmwifo savalo fasiani qaRaldebi US Treasury Notes French Treasury Notes Australian Treasury Bills French Treasury Bills Government of Austria Bonds Government of Germany Bonds Government of Australia Bonds Government of Luxembourg Bonds Government of Finland Bonds Governmnent of Netherlands Bonds Dutch Treasury Bills

31 dekemberi 2011

961,022 380,256 117,235 99,293 71,167 70,966 64,210 31,998 30,140 24,111 1,850,398

1,293,568 191,068 100,183 208,545 32,494 105,904 110,092 2,734 28,431 68,586 8,645 2,150,250

394,800 54,645 53,949 41,179 11,548 7,849 563,970

240,496 90,473 330,969

90,169 67,918 41,763 33,252 31,359 25,719 13,981 12,156 9,986 326,303

2,740,671

2,481,219

gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi erovnuli i valutiT saxelmwifo savalo fasiani qaRaldebi Government of Georgia Bonds

8,159

124,997

sul gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi erovnuli valutiT

8,159

124,997

supranacionaluri savalo fasiani qaRaldebi European Investment Bank Bank for International Settlements Inter-American Development Bank IBRD World Bank Nordic Investment Bank, Asian Development Bank saagentos savalo fasiani qaRaldebi Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau Federal National Mortgage Association Federal Home Loan Queensland Treasury Corporation, Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten Province of Ontario New South Wales Treasury Corporation Oesterreichische Kontrollbank AG

sul gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi ucxouri valutiT

201

gasayidad arsebuli investiciebis saprocento ganakveTebi da dafarvis vadebi ixileT qvemoT cxrilSi: 31 dekemberi 20122 wliuri dafarvis saprocento vada ganakveTi US Treasury Notes French Treasury Note Australian Treasury Bills French Treasury Bills Government of Germany Bonds Government of Australia Bonds Government of Netherlands Bonds Other foreign government bonds/bills European Investment Bank Bank for International Settlements Inter-American Development Bank IBRD World Bank Other foreign supranational bonds Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau Federal Home Loan Corporation Queensland Treasury Corporation Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten Other Agency Government of Georgia Bonds

13.

31 dekemberi 20111 wliuri dafarvis saprocento vada ganakveTi

0.125%-4.25% 4.5%-6.5% 2.918%-3.045% 0.03%-0.057% 0.25%-4.25% 0.75%-4.5% 1%-4.25% 3,125%-5,375% 1.25%-6% 3%-3.7% 0.375%-5.5% 0.5%-3.5% 0.375%-5.5%

2013-2014 2013-2014 2013 2013 2013-2014 2013-2014 2013-2014 2013-2014 2013-2014 2013-2014 2013 2013 2013-2014

0.375%-3.625% 0.75%-4.5% 3.85%-4.34% 0.835%-1.48% 0.75%-4.25% 4.5%-6.5% 1.75%-5.00% 1.215%-5.375% 1.25%-5.375% 3.00%-4.00% -

2012-2014 2012-2013 2012 2012 2012-2013 2012-2014 2012-2013 2012-2013 2012-2014 2012-2014 -

1.375%-5.5% 0.375%-1% 6% 3.75%-4.375% 0.375%-6% 13%

2013-2014 2013-2014 2013 2013-2014 2013-2014 2013

12%-13%

2012-2016

dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi 31 dekemberi 2012 sabalanso Nn nominaluri Rirebuleba Rirebuleba

31 dekemberi 2011 sabalanso nominaluri Rirebuleba Rirebuleba

dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi ucxour valutaSi:

supranacionaluri savalo fasiani qaRaldebi

202

saerTaSoriso angariSsworebis banki

11,443

10,913

11,493

10,807

sul dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi ucxour valutaSi

11,443

10,913

11,493

10,807

dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi erovnul valutaSi: saqarTvelos mTavrobis obligaciebi

522,321

520,846

562,361

560,846

sul dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi erovnul valutaSi

5222,3211

5200,846

5622,361

5600,846

31 dekemberi 2012 wliuri dafarvis saprocento vada ganakveTi

31 dekemberi 2011 wliuri dafarvis saprocento vada ganakveTi

supranacionaluri savalo fasiani qaRaldebi

3.80%

2014

3.80%

2014

saqarTvelos mTavrobis obligaciebi

6.00%

2013

6.00%

2012

saqarTvelos mTavrobis obligaciebi erovnul valutaSi warmoadgens saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da banks Soris 2006 wlis martSi gaformebuli xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad samTavrobo sesxis savalo fasian qaRaldebad gardaqmnis Sedegad saqarTvelos finansTa saministros mier gamoSvebul fiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTis mqone fasian qaRaldebs. saprocento ganakveTi eqvemdebareba yovelwliur gadaxedvas arsebuli sabazro ganakveTebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 14.

gasayidad flobili ZiriTadi saSualebebi 31 dekemberi 2012

31 dekemberi 2011

sawyisi naSTi Sesyidva ZiriTadi saSualebebidan gadmotanili Camowera Sefasebis danakargebi

3,160 426 2,220 (2,831) (157)

329 8 2,823

saboloo naSTi

2,818

3,160

203

15.

ZiriTadi saSualebebi miwa da Senobanagebobebi

kompiuterebi i saofise mowyobiloba da aveji

daumTavre-beli mSenebloba

satrans-porto saSualebebi da sxva

sul

Tavdapirveli RirebulebiT:: 1 ianvari 2011

20,783

5,087

4,068

15,394

45,332

Sesyidva gasvla gadatana gasayidad klasificirebul aqtivebSi (SeniSvna 14)

507 (276)

687 (372)

9,880 (6,710)

211 (233)

11,285 (7,591)

(3,269)

(134)

(533)

(3,936)

31 dekemberi 2011

17,745

5,268

Sesyidva gasvla gadatana gasayidad klasificirebul aqtivebSi (SeniSvna 14) gadatana

48,512 (9)

2,300 (1,014)

(2,361) 7,171

31 dekemberi 2012

71,058

6,554

(3,804)

(3,453)

(419) 2

501

7,238

14,839

45,090

14 (67)

1,745 (2,613)

52,571 (3,703)

(7, 171)

(2,361) -

13,971

91,597

(10,037)

(17,294)

(505) 320

(1,505) 217

(2,429) 539

109

dagrovili cveTa: 1 ianvari 2011 cveTis daricxva gasvla gasayidad reklasificirebis gamo eliminirebuli (SeniSvna 14) 31 dekemberi 2011 cveTis daricxva gasvla gasayidad reklasificirebis gamo eliminirebuli (SeniSvna 14) 31 dekemberi 2012

503

1,113

(3,720)

(3,529)

(10,822)

(18,071)

(351) 4

(620) 1,004

(1,488) 2,556

(2,459) 3,564

141

(3,926)

(3,145)

2012 wlis 31 dekemberi

67,132

3,409

2011 wlis 31 dekemberi

14,025

1,739

141

(9,754)

(16,825)

4,217

74,772

7,238

4,017

27,019

narCeni sabalanso Rirebuleba:

miwa da Senoba - nagebobebSi Sesyidvis saxiT 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT asaxulia centraluri ofisi da axali sakaso momsaxurebis centri 27,024 da 16,824 lari, Sesabamisad.

204

16.

aramaterialuri aqtivebi aramaterialuri aqtivebi moicavs: Tavdapirveli RirebulebiT 1 ianvari 2011

3,500

Sesyidva gasvla

6,035 (2,759)

31 dekemberi 2011

6,776

Sesyidva gasvla 31 dekemberi 2012

218 (42) 6,952

dagrovili amortizacia 1 ianvari 2011 wlis daricxva gasvlis Sedegad eliminirebuli

(2,090) (616) 1,632

31 dekemberi 2011

(1,074)

wlis daricxva gasvlis Sedegad eliminirebuli

(1,294) 41

31 dekemberi 2012

(2,327)

narCeni sabalanso Rirebuleba 31 dekemberi 2012

4,625

31 dekemberi 2011

5,702

aramaterialuri aqtivebi moicavs programul uzrunvelyofas da licenziebs.

205

17.

sxva aqtivebi da valdebulebebi sxva aqtivebi moicavs: 31 dekemberi 20122

31 dekemberi 2011

sxva aqtivebi ucxouUL valutiT: winaswari gadaxdebi sxva moTxovnebi

775 4

2,630 112

sul sxva aqtivebi ucxouUL valutiT

779

2,742

4,632 2,063 776 160 939 8,570

1,421 2,670 516 39,073 1,157 44,837

sxva aqtivebis gaufasurebis rezervi

(1,148)

(1,492)

sul sxva aqtivebi erovnul valutaSi

7,422

43,345

sxva aqtivebi erovnuOL valutiT: samaxsovro oqros monetebi TanamSromlebze gacemuli sesxebi sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebi winaswari gadaxdebi sxva moTxovnebi

2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT sxva finansuri aqtivebi Sesabamisad Seadgens 2,633 da 2,419 lars. sxva valdebulebebi moicavs: 31 dekemberi 20122

31 dekemberi 2011

sxva valdebulebebi ucxour valutaSi: valdebulebebi momwodeblebis mimarT

659

1,499

sul sxva valdebulebebi ucxour valutaSi

659

1,499

6,502 3,932

1,553 5,002

1,354 523 156

1,303 638 122

12,467

8,618

sxva valdebulebebi erovnul valutaSi: valdebulebebi momwodeblebis mimarT gadavadebuli Semosavlebi valdebuleba realizebul banknotebsa da monetebze sapensio sqemis valdebulebebi sxva valdebulebebi sul sxva valdebulebebi erovnul valutaSi

2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT sxva finansuri valdebulebebi Sesabamisad Seadgens 9,194 da 5,115 lars.

206

sxva aqtivebis gaufasurebis danakargebis rezervis moZraoba moicavs: sxva aqtivebis gaufasurebis rezervi 1 ianvari 2011 gaufasurebis aRdgena Camowera

(1,816) 320 4

31 dekemberi 2011 gaufasurebis aRdgena

(1,492) 344

31 dekemberi 2012

(1,148)

sxva aqtivebis gaufasurebis danakargebis rezervi warmoadgens TanamSromlebze gacemuli sesxebis gaufasurebis danakargebis rezervs.

18.

valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT moicavs: 31 dekemberi 2012

31 dekemberi 2011

valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT ucxour valutaSi: sakorespondento angariSebi minimaluri sarezervo moTxovnebi

70,788 874,358

9,304 752,332

sul valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT ucxour valutaSi

945,146

761,636

sakorespondento angariSebi erTdRiani depozitebi

207,108 185,000

155,369 230,483

sul valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT erovnul valutaSi

392,108

385,852

valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT erovnul valutaSi:

2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT valdebulebebSi Sedis 925,451 laris da 817,024 laris odenobis sami umsxvilesi rezidenti komerciuli bankis naSTebi, romlebic aRemateba finansuri institutebis mimarT mTliani valdebulebis 15 procents. rezident komerciul bankebs moeTxovebaT saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi ganaTavson minimaluri sarezervo naSTebi. 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT savaldebulo rezervebi warmoadgens rezidenti finansuri institutebis mier erovnul valutaSi denominirebuli moziduli saxsrebis 10 procents da ucxour valutaSi denominirebuli moziduli saxsrebis 15 procents. savaldebulo rezervebze 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT wliuri saprocento ganakveTi larSi da evroSi denominirebul minimalur sarezervo moTxovnebze Sesabamisad Seadgens 5.25 da 6.75, xolo aSS dolarSi da evroSi denominirebul minimalur sarezervo moTxovnebze 0 da 0.25 procents.

207

19.

valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT 31 dekemberi 2012

31 dekemberi 2011

valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT ucxour valutaSi: mimdinare angariSebi SezRuduli depozitebi akreditivebis dasafarad

202,630 6,598

183,938 995

sul valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT ucxour valutaSi

209,228

184,933

mimdinare angariSebi SezRuduli depozitebi akreditivebis dasafarad

744,628 -

573,629 189

sul valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT erovnul valutaSi

744,628

573,818

valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT erovnul valutaSi:

20.

mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli fuli mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli fuli warmoadgens bankis mier gamoSvebul saqarTvelos erovnul valutas. 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli fulis angariSze moZraoba aris Semdegi:

naSTi 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli banknotebi mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli monetebi gamoklebuli: naRdi fuli salaroSi erovnul valutaSi mimoqcevidan amoRebuli banknotebi mimoqcevidan amoRebuli monetebi naSTi 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT

21.

31 dekemberi 2012

31 dekemberi 2011

1,753,584 1,531,520 18,791

1,618,180 1,252,682 13,053

(65) (1,372,906) (12,865)

(12,193) (1,111,819) (6,319)

1,918,059

1,753,584

valdebulebebi klientebis mimarT klientebis mimarT valdebulebebi moicavs: 31 dekemberi 2012

208

31 dekemberi 20111

saerTaSoriso finansuri institutebi sxva

1,166 2

618 3

sul valdebulebebi klientebis mimarT

1,168

621

22.

gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi wliuri saprocento ganakveTi sadepozito serWLfikatebi 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT sadepozito serWLfikatebi 2011 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT

23.

dafarvis vada

nominaluri Rirebuleba

sabalanso Rirebuleba

5.82%-6.34%

3 ianvari -23 ivnisi 2013

570,000

562,844

6.95%-8.85%

5 ianvari 28 ivnisi 2012

450,000

442,128

kapitali kanonis Sesabamisad, bankis kapitali Seicavs bankis sawesdebo kapitalsa da sarezervo fonds. sawesdebo kapitali 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT bankis sawesdebo kapitali srulad aris Setanili da Seadgens 15,000 lars. sarezervo fondi ,,saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis Sesaxebâ&#x20AC;? saqarTvelos organul kanonSi 2009 wlis 1 dekembers Setanili cvlilebis Tanaxmad (#2186) erovnuli bankis saerTo sarezervo fondma unda Seadginos sarezervo fulis (bankis mier mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi da komerciuli bankebis sakorespondento angariSebi erovnul valutaSi) 15 procenti. erovnuli bankis saerTo sarezervo fondi iqmneba wlis realizebuli mogebidan, romelic warmoadgens wlis wminda mogebas gadafasebiT gamowveuli ararealizebuli wminda mogebis gamoklebiT. sabWo uflebamosilia miiRos gadawyvetileba wminda mogebis darCenili TanxiT saerTo sarezervo fondis moculobis Sesabamisi finansuri wlis bolos arsebuli sarezervo fulis odenobis 15 procentze naklebi odenobiT Sevsebis Sesaxeb. saerTo sarezervo fondi gamoiyeneba mxolod bankis zaralis sakompensaciod. qveynis finansuri sistemis stabilurobis SenarCunebisa da mdgradi ekonomikuri zrdis xelSewyobis mizniT, sabWo uflebamosilia miiRos gadawyvetileba sarezervo fondis ganawilebaze. sarezervo fondis Seqmnis Semdgom, bankis realizebuli mogebis narCeni naSTi unda gadairicxos saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetSi. ucxouri valutis gadafasebis rezervi kanonis 25-e muxlSi Setanili cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, gadafasebiT gamowveuli ararealizebuli wminda mogeba miemarTeba gadafasebis Sesabamis specialur rezervSi, romelic gamoiyeneba mxolod momavali gadafasebis wminda zaralis sakompensaciod. 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT bankma gadaitana 4,309 laris odenobis wminda mogeba ucxouri valutis gadafasebidan ucxouri valutis gadafasebis rezervSi. gasayidad arsebuli investiciebis gadafasebis rezervi aRniSnuli rezervi warmoadgens gasayidad arsebuli investiciebis realuri Rirebulebis cvlilebas.

209

24.

garantiebi da pirobiTi valdebulebebi banki Tavisi Cveuli saqmianobis procesSi iyenebs finansur instrumentebs garesabalanso valdebulebebiT. banki garesabalanso valdebulebebTan mimarTebaSi xelmZRvanelobs riskebis marTvis imave politikiT, romelsac iyenebs sabalanso operaciebSi. valdebulebebi kapitalur danaxarjebze 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT banks ar gaaCnia valdebulebebi kapitalur danaxarjebze. saoperacio garemo rogorc ganviTarebad bazars, saqarTvelos ar gaaCnia maRalganviTarebuli infrastruqtura, romelic, rogorc wesi, axasiaTebs ufro momwifebul sabazro ekonomikas. saqarTveloSi saqmianoba dakavSirebulia iseT riskebTan, romlebic, rogorc wesi, ar arsebobs ganviTarebul bazarze. bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelos mTavrobam mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadadga, ramac dadebiTi gavlena iqonia qveynis sainvesticio garemoze. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia reformebi sabanko, iuridiul, sagadasaxado da maregulirebeli sistemis efeqtianobis gazrdis mimarTulebiT. yovelive aman xeli Seuwyo makroekonomikur stabilurobas, ekonomikuri zrdis maRal tempebs da ucxouri investiciebis Semodinebas. xelmZRvanelobis azriT, aRniSnuli nabijebi amcirebs biznesis warmoebis riskebs saqarTveloSi. mosalodnelia rom biznes garemos gaumjobesebis aRniSnuli tendencia kvlavac gagrZeldeba. saqarTvelos ekonomikis samomavlo ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli zemoTxsenebul reformebze da saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier miRebuli finansuri Tu ekonomikuri zomebis efeqturobaze. valdebulebebi saoperacio lizingze 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT banks ar gaaCnda arsebiTi salizingo valdebulebebi. sasamarTlo davebi bankis mimdinare sasamarTlo procesebTan da saCivrebTan mimarTebaSi xelmZRvanelobas miaCnia, rom amgvari sasamarTlo procesebidan warmoSobili valdebuleba, Tu aseTs adgili eqneba, ar iqoniebs arsebiT gavlenas bankis finansur mdgomareobaze an misi saqmianobis Sedegebze. xelmZRvanelobis azriT, ar arsebobs raime arsebiTi dauricxavi zarali, romelic SesaZloa momavalSi moxdes da Sesabamisad finansur angariSgebaSi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli danakargebis anaricxebi. sakredito da pirobiTi valdebulebebi 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT bankis sakredito da pirobiTi valdebulebebi Sesabamisad Sedgeboda gamoSvebuli akreditivebisgan 6,598 da 1,184 laris odenobiT. dazRveva banks amJamad ar gaaCnia daudevrobiT an SecdomiT gamowveuli valdebulebebis dazRvevis sqema.

210

25.

garigebebi dakavSirebul mxareebTan dakavSirebul mxareebs warmoadgenen aqcionerebi, afilirebuli sawarmoebi, bankTan saerTo mflobelobis da kontrolis qveS arsebuli sawarmoebi da umaRlesi rangis xelmZRvaneloba. TiToeuli dakavSirebuli mxaris urTierTobis tipis ganxilvisas, yuradReba eTmoba kavSiris arss da ara mxolod iuridiul formas. bankis garigebebi dakavSirebul mxareebTan warmodgenilia qvemoT: 31 dekemberi 2012 dakavSire-sul buli finansuri mxareebis angariSgebis naSTebi muxlis mixedviT

31 dekemberi 2011 dakavSire-sul buli finansuri mxareebis angariSgebis muxlis naSTebi mixedviT

finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgeba aqqtivebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi erovnul valutaSi

saqarTvelos mTavroba

8,159

124,997

522,321

562,361

322

2,063

422

2,670

209,228

184,933

744,628

573,818

6,598

1,184

dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi erovnul valutaSi

saqarTvelos mTavroba TanamSromlebze gacemuli sesxebi erovnul valutaSi

umaRlesi rangis xelmZRvaneloba valdebulebebi valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT ucxour valutaSi

saqarTvelos mTavroba valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT erovnul valutaSi

saqarTvelos mTavroba sakredito da pirobiTi valdebulebebi

saqarTvelos mTavroba

2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis garigebebi dakavSirebul mxareebTan

sul finansuri angariSgebis muxlis mixedviT

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis garigebebi dakavSirebul mxareebTan

sul finansuri angariSgebis muxlis mixedviT

umaRlesi rangis xelmZRvanelobis anazRaureba: - TanamSromlebis moklevadiani

anazRaureba su ul

2,121

11,317

1,872

10,262

2,121

11,317

1,872

10,262

211

2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis garigebebi dakavSire-bul mxareebTan

2011 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis

sul finansuri angariSgebis muxlis mixedviT

garigebebi dakavSire-bul mxareebTan

sul finansuri angariSgebis muxlis mixedviT

mogeba-zaralis da sxva sruli Semosavlebis angariSgeba saprocento Semosavali investiciebidan

saqarTvelos mTavroba

41,003

65,108

50,242

74,623

536

1,780

1,273

1,454

273

349

1,233

1,267

saprocento Semosavali sxva operaciebidan

umaRlesi rangis xelmZRvaneloba zarali ZiriTadi saSualebebis gasxvisebidan

saqarTvelos mTavroba sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis dafinansebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi

sxva dakavSirebuli mxareebi

26.

finansuri instrumentebis realuri Rirebuleba realuri Rirebuleba warmoadgens Tanxas, romelzec instrumenti SeiZleba gaicvalos operaciis Sedegad garigebis mosurne gaTviTcnobierebul mxareebs Soris da ara likvidaciis Sedegad an iZulebiT. warmodgenili daSvebebi SesaZlebelia ar asaxavdes im Tanxebs, romelsac banki miiRebda misi finansuri instrumentebis realizaciis SemTxvevaSi. qvemoT moyvanilia bankis finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi asaxuli finansuri instrumentebis SedarebiTi analizi sabalanso da realuri Rirebulebebis mixedviT. 31 dekemberi 20112

finansuri aqtivebi: fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi sxva finansuri aqtivebi finansuri valdebulebebi: valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT

realuri Rirebuleba

sabalanso Rirebuleba

realuri Rirebuleba

1,474,372

1,690,301

391,431

14,719

366,645

373,034

533,764 2,633

534,019 2,633

573,854 2,419

450,275 2,419

1,337,254

1,147,488

valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT

953,856

758,751

valdebulebebi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT

957,585

1,350,738

1,168

621

562,844 9,194

442,128 5,115

valdebulebebi klientebis mimarT gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi sxva finansuri valdebulebebi

212

31 dekemberi 20111

sabalanso Rirebuleba

aqtivebi romelTa realuri Rirebuleba utoldeba sabalanso Rirebulebas finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis sabalanso Rirebuleba utoldeba realur Rirebulebas, im SemTxvevaSi Tu maT gaaCniaT xanmokle dafarvis vada (3 Tveze naklebi). es daSveba aseve exeba moTxovnamde depozitebs da Semnaxvel angariSebs, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT dafarvis vada. gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi moicavs saqarTvelos finansTa saministros mier adgilobriv valutaSi gamoSvebul saxelmwifo savalo fasian qaRaldebs. vinaidan 2012 da 2011 wlebSi ar ganxorcielebula garigeba, romelic iqneboda saxelmwifo savalo fasiani qaRaldebis realuri Rirebulebis amsaxveli, realuri Rirebulebis Sesafaseblad gamoyenebul iqna mosalodneli fuladi saxsrebis diskontirebis meTodi. arakotirebuli, gasayidad arsebuli investiciebis realuri Rirebulebis Sesafaseblad gamoyenebul iqna saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier gamoSvebul obligaciebze arsebuli saSualo saprocento ganakveTi, romelic 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, Seadgens Sesabamisad 7.45 da 9.14 procents. fiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTis mqone finansuri instrumentebi amortizebuli RirebulebiT asaxuli fiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTis mqone finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis realuri Rirebuleba gamoiTvleba Tavdapirveli aRiarebisas msgavsi finansuri instrumentebis sabazro saprocento ganakveTebis SedarebiT maT mimdinare sabazro saprocento ganakveTebTan. fiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTis mqone depozitebis mimdinare realuri Rirebuleba efuZneba diskontirebul fulad nakadebs, moqmedi fuladi bazris saprocento ganakveTis gamoyenebiT sesxebisaTvis, romelTac gaaCniaT msgavsi sakredito riskebi da vadianoba. kotirebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebisaTvis realuri Rirebuleba gamoiTvleba kotirebuli sabazro fasiT. rodesac kotirebuli sabazro fasis gansazRvra ver xerxdeba, gamoiyeneba diskontirebuli fuladi nakadebis meTodi, romelic efuZneba mimdinare saprocento ganakveTis grafiks darCenili vadis Sesabamisad. realuri RirebulebiT aRricxuli finansuri instrumentebi wardgenis mizniT, realuri RirebulebiT aRricxuli finansuri instrumentebi dayofilia realuri Rirebulebis ierarqiis sami donis mixedviT, rac dafuZnebulia realuri Rirebulebis dasadgenad gaTvaliswinebuli Semavali monacemebis dakvirvebadobis xarisxze: x

aqtiur bazarze kotirebuli fasebi (done 1) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Sefaseba dafuZnebulia aqtiur bazrebze msgavsi aqtivebisa Tu valdebulebebis kotirebul fasebze, bankis wvdomis SesaZleblobis Sesabamisad. am saxis finansur instrumentebze Sefasebis koreqtirebebi ar vrceldeba, radgan Sefaseba dafuZnebulia kotirebul fasebze, romlebic mza saxiT da sakmarisi sixSiriT gvxvdeba aqtiur bazarze. am produqtebis Sefaseba ar warmoadgens mniSvnelovani gansjis sagans; teqnika, romlis yvela Semavali monacemi aris miRebuli sabazro monacemebidan (done 2) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Sefaseba dafuZnebulia yvela im Semaval monacemze dayrdnobiT, romlebic aris xelmisawvdomi, pirdapir an arapirdapir, da bazari saidanac mopovebulia dakvirvebadi monacemebi ar aris miCneuli aqtiurad; teqnika, romlis Semavali monacemebi ar efuZneba sabazro monacemebs (done 3) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Sefaseba dafuZnebulia yvela im Semaval monacemze, romelic mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens realur Rirebulebaze da ar efuZneba dakvirvebad sabazro monacemebs.

213

winamdebare cxrili asaxavs bankis Sefasebis midgomas da realuri Rirebulebis ierarqiis doneebs realuri RirebulebiT asaxuli finansuri instrumentebis garkveuli arsebiTi jgufebisTvis:

aqtiur bazarze kotirebuli fasebi (done 1)

warmoebul instrumentebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivebi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi

sul

186 166,500

2,740,671

8,159

2,748,830

aqtiur bazarze kotirebuli fasebi (done 1) savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi

31 dekemberi 2012 Sefasebis teqnika Sefasebis teqnika, arsebul sabazro romelic sabazro monacemebze monacemebis garda dayrdnobiT sxva informacias (done 2) iyenebs (done 3)

31 dekemberi 2011 Sefasebis teqnika Sefasebis teqnika, arsebul sabazro romelic sabazro monacemebze monacemebis garda dayrdnobiT sxva informacias (done 2) iyenebs (done 3)

s ul

151,269

2,481,219

124,997

2,606,216

qvemoT warmodgenilia im finansuri instrumentebis realuri Rirebulebis gamoTvlis aRwera, romlebic aRricxulia realuri Rirebulebis Sefasebis teqnikis gamoyenebiT. es gulisxmobs bankis mier im daSvebebis Sefasebas, romelsac sabazro garigebis monawile gaakeTebs instrumentebis Sefasebisas. savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi da gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi da gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi Sefasebuli Sefasebis teqnikisa da safaso modelis gamoyenebiT ZiriTadad Sedgeba arakotirebuli kapitalisa da savalo fasiani qaRaldebisgan. aRniSnuli fasiani qaRaldebi aris Sefasebuli iseTi modelebis gamoyenebiT, romlebSic gamoiyeneba an mxolod bazarze xelmisawvdomi monacemebi, an rogorc bazarze arsebuli ise ararsebuli monacemebi. aradakvirvebadi monacemebi Seicavs daSvebebs momavali finansuri mdgomareobisa an riskis Sesaxeb, da ekonomikur daSvebebs industriisa da geografiuli iurisdiqciis Sesaxeb.

214

qvemoT mocemuli cxrili warmoadgens finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis analizs imis mixedviT, Tu rodis aris mosalodneli maTi amoReba an dafarva. 31 dekemberi 2012 erTi wlis manZilze

finansuri aqtivebi: fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi ZDUmoebul instrumentebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivebi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi sxva finansuri aqtivebi sul finansuri aqtivebi finansuri valdebulebebi: valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT valdebulebebi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT valdebulebebi klientebis mimarT gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi sxva finansuri valdebulebebi sul finansuri valdebulebebi wminda finansuri pozicia

erT welze meti

31 dekemberi 2011 sul

erTi wlis manZilze

erT welze meti

sul

1,474,372

1,690,301

391,431

14,719

366,645

373,034

186

166,500

151,269

1,372,150

1,376,680

2,748,830

1,981,820

624,396

2,606,216

522,321 2,317

11,443 316

533,764 2,633

562,361 2148

11,493 271

573,854 2419

4,295,922

1,388,439

5,684,361

4,775,652

636,160

5,411,812

1,337,254

1,147,488

953,856

758,751

766,334

191,251

957,585

698,589

652,149

1,350,738

1,168

621

562,844

442,128

8,545

649

9,194

4,481

634

5,115

3,630,001

191,900

3,821,901

3,052,058

652,783

3,704,841

665,921

1,196,539

1,862,460

1,723,594

(16,623)

1,706,971

sxva srul SemosavalSi warmodgenili mogeba da zarali miRebulia gasayidad arsebuli investiciebidan da asaxulia rogorc gasayidad arsebuli investiciebis gadafasebis Sedegad miRebuli rezervis sxvaoba.

215

27.

riskis marTva Sesavali riski bankis saqmianobis ganuyofeli nawilia. Sesabamisad, riskebis marTva warmoadgens bankis saqmianobis arsebiT komponents. riskis marTva SesaZlebelia mudmivi identificirebis, Sefasebisa da yoveldRiuri monitoringis gziT. bankis TiToeuli TanamSromeli pasuxismgebelia sakuTar saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli riskis gamJRavnebaze. bankis operaciebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi riskebia sakredito, likvidobisa da sabazro riskebi. banki agreTve dgas saoperacio riskis winaSe. bankis sabWo maqsimalurad aris pasuxismgebeli riskebis identificirebasa da kontrolze, Tumca arsebobs calkeuli biznes erTeulebi, romlebic pasuxs ageben sxvadasxva riskebis marTvasa da monitoringze.

sabWo bankis sabWos gaaCnia mTliani pasuxismgebloba zedamxedveloba gauwios riskebis marTvis struqturas, akontrolos ZiriTadi riskebis marTva da gadaxedos riskebis marTvis politikasa da procedurebs.

rezervebis marTvis komiteti bankis rezervebis marTvis komiteti (SemdgomSi ,,komiteti”) pasuxismgebelia riskebis SemcirebisaTvis ganxorcielebuli zomebisa da Sesabamisobis monitoringis ganxorcielebaze. komitetma agreTve unda miiRos rwmuneba imisa, rom mTlianad bankis saqmianoba xdeba riskebis dadgenili parametrebis farglebSi. komitetis Cveulebrivi saqmianoba moicavs yovelTviuri angariSebis mimoxilvas, kontragentebis siis damowmebas, strategiuli cvlilebebis sabWoSi wardgenamde damowmebas da aqtivebis gadanawilebasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani taqtikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebas.

riskebis marTvisa da kontrolis ganyofileba bankis riskebis marTvisa da kontrolis ganyofileba (SemdgomSi ,,ganyofileba’’) pasuxismgebelia saerTo riskebis marTvasa da dadgenil parametrebTan Sesabamisobaze. ganyofilebam unda uzrunvelyos riskebis amocnobis, Sefasebis, marTvisa da angariSgebisaTvis saWiro saerTo principebisa da meTodebis SemuSaveba. ganyofilebis ZiriTad funqcias warmoadgens bankis winaSe mudmivi riskebis amocnoba, analizi da marTva, Sesabamisi riskis zRvarisa da kontrolis meqanizmebis dadgena da riskebis donisa da limitebis mudmivi monitoringi. ganyofileba agreTve atarebs “benCmarkingsa” da “stres tests”. ganyofileba yovelTviurad angariSvaldebulia rezervebis marTvis komitetis winaSe.

Sida auditi Sida auditis mier yovelwliurad xdeba bankis riskebis marTvis procesebis auditi. Sedegad Sida auditi amowmebs rogorc procedurebis adekvaturobas, aseve bankis saqmianobis Sesabamisobas aRniSnul procedurebTan. Sida auditi xelmZRvanelobasTan ganixilavs Sefasebis Sedegebs da sabWos Tavmjdomares warudgens mis aRmoCenebsa da rekomendaciebs.

216

riskebis Sefasebisa da angariSgebis sistemebi operaciebis struqturidan gamomdinare, bankSi riskebis marTva xorcieldeba centralizebuli da aracentralizebuli meTodiT. finansuri riskis marTva xorcieldeba centralizebulad, maSin rodesac saoperacio riskis marTvis procesi ar aris centralizebuli. riskebis marTva pirdapir xorcieldeba sxvadasxva ganyofilebebis mier. bankSi arsebobs aseve specialuri komitetebi da komisiebi operaciebisa da kontrolis ganxorcielebisaTvis, rogorebicaa rezervebis marTvis komiteti, sakredito komiteti, da a.S. mniSvnelovania bankis riski ucxour valutaSi arsebul aqtivebTan mimarTebaSi. riskis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli procedurebis, movaleobebisa da angariSvaldebulebis ganawilebas aregulirebs ,,saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis saerTaSoriso rezervebis marTvis principebi da strategiaâ&#x20AC;?.

Warbi riskis koncentracia riskis koncentracias adgili aqvs maSin, rodesac kontragentebi CarTulni arian msgavs biznes saqmianobaSi, saqmianobas ewevian erTsadaimave geografiul regionSi, an aqvT msgavsi ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da ekonomikuri, politikuri da sxva cvlilebebi Tanabrad uaryofiT gavlenas axdens saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebis Sesrulebis unarze. koncentracia miuTiTebs imaze, rom banki SedarebiT mgrZnobiare iqneba konkretul sferosa Tu geografiul nawilSi mimdinare cvlilebebis mimarT. Warbi riskis koncentraciis Tavidan acilebis mizniT bankis politika da procedurebi moicavs diversificirebuli portfelis Seqmnisa da SenarCunebis specialur instruqciebs. sakredito riski sakredito riski aris danakargi, romelic SesaZlebelia warmoiSvas kontragentis mier nakisri valdebulebebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi. banki marTavs da akontrolebs sakredito riskebs sainvesticio aqtivebis saTanadod SerCeviT, amave aqtivebis sakredito xarisxiT da sainvesticio aqtivze investiciis moculobis limitebis dawesebiT. bankSi SemuSavebulia sakredito riskis marTvis politika da procedurebi portfelis koncentraciis instruqciebis CaTvliT. rezervebis marTvis komiteti axorcielebs bankis sakredito riskis mudmiv monitorings. bankis sakredito politikis mimoxilva da damtkiceba xdeba erovnuli bankis sabWos mier. imisaTvis, rom SeizRudos sakredito riskis mimarT daucveloba ucxour valutaSi, riskebis marTvis ganyofilebis mier Sedgenil iqna sando partniorTa sia, romelTac aqvT saerTaSoriso sareitingo saagentoebis (Standard & Poorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, Moodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and Fitch) mier dadgenili maRali grZelvadiani sakredito reitingi. aRniSnuli sia damowmebul iqna rezervebis marTvis komitetis mier. partnioris SerCevisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba misi sakredito reitingi, qveyana sadac partniori organizacia mdebareobs, misi aqtivebisa da kapitalis moculoba, saerTaSoriso bazrebze da korporatiul klientebTan muSaobis gamocdileba da momxmarebelTaTvis SeTavazebuli momsaxurebis speqtri. bankis kontragentisaTvis miniWebul saagentoTa mier grZelvadiani sakredito reitingis CamoqveiTebis SemTxvevaSi, kontragenti amoRebul iqneba siidan. sakredito reitingi unda iyos sul mcire: x x

1 kategoria: sakredito reitingi unda iyos sul mcire AA da unda iyos miniWebuli samidan sul mcire ori sakredito sareitingo saagentos mier. 2 kategoria: sakredito reitingi unda iyos sul mcire AA da unda iyos miniWebuli samidan sul mcire erTi sakredito sareitingo saagentos mier, da A miniWebuli danarCeni oris mier. 217

3 kategoria: sakredito reitingi unda iyos sul mcire A da unda iyos miniWebuli samive sakredito sareitingo saagentos mier.

mimdinare angariSebTan da komerciul miznebTan mimarTebaSi bankis sakredito riski SedarebiT dabalia da Sesabamisad, minimaluri moTxovna aris grZelvadiani reitingi A da umaRlesi moklevadiani reitingi, romelic miniWebuli unda iyos samidan sul mcire ori sakredito sareitingo saagentos mier. banks gaaCnia limitebi individualuri kontragentebisaTvis, kontragenti riskis jgufebisaTvis (1, 2 da 3 kategoriebi) da agreTve suverenuli limitebi. qvemoT moyvanili cxrili aRwers finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebis komponentebis maqsimalur sakredito risks. maqsimaluri sakredito riski naCvenebia gaufasurebis rezervis Seqmnamde da urTierTCaTvlisa da uzrunvelyofis gaTvaliswinebamde.

SeniSvna

fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi (naRdi fulis gamoklebiT) moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi warmoebul instrumentebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivebi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi sxva finansuri aqtivebi

sakredito da pirobiTi valdebulebebi sul sakredito riski

Mmaqsimaluri riski

31 dekemberi 20122

31 dekemberi 20111

1,236,642

1,542,384

391,431

14,719

366,645

373,034

10 11 12 13 17

186 166,500 2,748,830 533,764 5,446,631

151,269 2,606,216 573,854 2,419 5,263,895

6,598

1,184

5,453,229

5,265,079

rodesac finansuri instrumentebi aRricxulia realuri RirebulebiT, zemoT naCvenebi Tanxa warmoadgens mimdinare sakredito risks, magram es ar aris maqsimaluri riski, romelic SesaZloa warmoiSvas samomavlod Rirebulebis cvlilebebis Sedegad. finansuri instrumentis TiToeuli tipisaTvis maqsimaluri sakredito riskis Taobaze miTiTebebi warmodgenilia zemoT aRniSnul konkretul SeniSvnebSi. qvemoT warmodgenilia bankis mier ucxour valutaSi flobili finansuri instrumentebis emitenti organizaciebis sakredito reitingis cxrili. cxrili moicavs iseTi saerTaSoriso saagentoebis sakredito reitings rogorebicaa: Standard & Poors, Fitch and Moodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. rodesac saagentoebis mier aqtivisTvis xdeba gansxvavebuli sakredito reitingis miniWeba, aRniSnuli aqtivis warmodgenisTvis gamoiyeneba umciresi sakredito reitingi.

218

2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT

2011 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi (naRdi fulis gamoklebiT) moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi warmoebul instrumentebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivebi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi sxva finansuri aqtivebi

AA-

A+

288,015

318,988

10,920

132,580

100,781

263,111

122,247

1,236,642

355

388,875

2,201

391,431

366,645

186

27,485

137,260

1,755

166,500

1,039,784

1,686,906

13,982

8,158

2,748,830

11,443

522,321

533,764

248

935

1,450

2,633

sul

AA+

A+

A-

Seufa-sebeli i

AAA

A-

Seufase-beli

sul

AAA

AA+

AA-

265,702

471,025

21,620

234,507

282,720

266,810

1,542,384

1,025

189

5,502

8,003

14,719

73,034

373,034

151,269

1,187,651

1,293,568

124,997

2,606,216

11,493

562,361

573,854

2,419

219

sakredito xarisxi finansuri aqtivebis tipis mixedviT rogorc centraluri banki, banki uzrunvelyofs qveynis finansuri sistemis stabilurobas likvidobis problemis mqone bankebisaTvis moklevadiani sesxebis gacemiT. qvemoT moyvanilia bankis sakredito reitingis sistemaze dayrdnobiT Sedgenili sasesxo aqtivebis sakredito xarisxi. 2012 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT

SeniSvna

moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi TanamSromlebze gacemuli sesxebi

arc vadagadacilebuli da arc gaufasurebuli AAA AA reitingi reitingi

B reitingi

sul

8 391,431

2,740,671

8,159

2,748,830

13 17

11,443

522,321

533,764

2,063

3,676,088

sul

391,431

3,143,545

530,480

2011 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT

SeniSvna

moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi TanamSromlebze gacemuli sesxebi sul

arc vadagadacilebuli da arc gaufasurebuli AAA AA reitingi reitingi

B reitingi

sul

1,214

13,505

14,719

2,481,219

124,997

2,606,216

11,493

562,361

573,854

2,670

2,493,926

700,863

2,670

3,197,459

bankis mier misi sasesxo aqtivebis klasificireba xdeba Semdegnairad: AAA reitingi – kargi finansuri maCveneblebis mqone msesxeblebisTvis gacemuli sesxebi, romelTa sesxis xelSekrulebis pirobebSi ar Sesula cvlilebebi da romelTa ZiriTadi Tanxa da procenti ar aris vadagadacilebuli. AA reitingi – stabiluri finansuri maCveneblis mqone msesxeblebisTvis gacemuli sesxebi, romelTa sesxis xelSekrulebebis pirobebSi ar Sesula cvlilebebi da romelTa ZiriTadi Tanxa da procenti ar aris vadagadacilebuli. A reitingi – damakmayofilebeli finansuri maCveneblis mqone msesxeblebisTvis gacemuli sesxebi, romelTa sesxis xelSekrulebebis pirobebSi Sesulia cvlilebebi da romelTa ZiriTadi Tanxa da procenti ar aris vadagadacilebuli. B reitingi – damakmayofilebeli finansuri maCveneblebis mqone msesxeblebisTvis gacemuli sesxebi, romelTa sesxis xelSekrulebebis pirobebSi Sesulia cvlilebebi da romelTa ZiriTadi Tanxa da procenti vadagadacilebulia.

220

politikis Sesabamisad, bankma sakredito portfelis miznebisaTvis saTanadod unda awarmoos riskis reitingebi. dakavSirebuli riskebis reitingebis Sefaseba da ganaxleba xdeba regularulad.

gaufasurebis Sefaseba sesxis gaufasurebis Sefasebisas iTvaliswineben ZiriTadi Tanxis an procentis oTxmocdaaT dReze metad vadagadacilebas, kontragentis fulad nakadebTan dakavSirebul problemebs, sakredito reitingis Semcirebas da xelSekrulebis Tavdapirveli pirobebis darRvevas. banki gaufasurebis Sefasebas axdens individualurad da jgufurad.

individualurad Sefasebuli rezervebi banki TiToeuli sesxisaTvis individualurad gansazRvravs rezervs. rezervis Tanxis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba kontragentis biznes gegma, misi unari gaumklavdes finansur sirTuleebs aseTis warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi, gakotrebis SemTxvevaSi dagegmili qmedebebi, sxva finansuri sesxebis arseboba, uzrunvelyofis sarealizacio Rirebuleba da mosalodneli fuladi nakadebis perioduloba. gaufasurebis zaralis Sefaseba xdeba saangariSgebo TariRiT, Tu gauTvaliswinebeli movlenebi sxvagvarad ar moiTxovs.

jgufurad Sefasebuli rezervebi rezervebis jgufurad Sefaseba xdeba im sesxebidan warmoSobili danakargebisaTvis, romlebic individualurad ar aris arsebiTi, da im sesxebisaTvis, romlebic individualurad arsebiTia, magram romelTaTvisac ar arsebobs individualuri gaufasurebis obieqturi safuZveli. rezervebis Sefaseba xdeba saangariSgebo TariRiT yvela calkeuli portfelisaTvis.

TanamSromlebze gacemuli sesxebi bankis TanamSromlebs ufleba aqvT bankSi muSaobis periodSi aiRon sesxi bankidan. TanamSromlis gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi dasafari sesxisaTvis iqmneba 100 procentiani rezervi. sesxis Camowera xdeba bankis xelmZRvanelobis gadawyvetilebiT.

komerciul bankebze gacemuli sesxebi im SemTxvevaSi, Tu komerciuli banki droulad ver dafaravs sesxs, organuli kanonis 64-e muxlis Tanaxmad banks ufleba aqvs amoiRos dasafari Tanxa sesxis uzrunvelyofis realizaciidan, xolo arasakmarisi Tanxis SemTxvevaSi komerciuli bankis nebismieri aqtividan.

221

bankis finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis geografiuli koncentracia Semdegia: 31 dekemberi 2012 saqarTveOR o

egTo

31 dekemberi 2011 sul

saqarTvelo

egTo

sul

finansuri aqtivebi: fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi warmoebul instrumentebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivebi savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi

237,730

1,236,642

1,474,372

147,917

1,542,384

1,690,301

391,076

355

391,431

13,505

1,214

14,719

366,645

373,034

186

166,500

151,269

8,159

2,740,671

2,748,830

124,997

2,481,219

2,606,216

522,321

11,443

533,764

562,361

11,493

573,854

sxva finansuri aqtivebi

1,858

775

2,633

2,313

106

2,419

sul finansuri aqtivebi

1,161,144

4,523,217

5,684,361

851,093

4,560,719

5,411,812

1,337,254

1,147,488

953,856

758,751

finansuri valdebulebebi: valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT valdebulebebi klientebis mimarT valdebulebebi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi sxva finansuri valdebulebebi sul finansuri valdebulebebi wminda finansuri pozicia

222

953,856 2

1,166

1,168

619

621

957,585

1,350,738

562,844

442,128

9,194

3,785

1,330

5,115

2,863,150

958,751

3,821,901

2,352,154

1,352,687

3,704,841

(1,702,006)

3,564,466

1,862,460

(1,501,061)

3,208,032

1,706,971

likvidobis riski likvidobis riski warmoadgens risks imisa, rom banki ver dafaravs nakisr finansur valdebulebebs vadis dadgomidan Cveulebriv Tu rTul viTarebaSi. bankis mier likvidobis riskis marTva efuZneba likvidobis saWiro donis uzrunvelyofas bankis mimarT arsebuli moTxovnebis nebismier viTarebaSi dakmayofilebis mizniT. fasebis stabilurobasTan da savaluto politikis kontrolTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi miznebis misaRwevad, banki flobs saoperacio aqtivebs ucxour valutaSi, romlebic warmoadgens likviduri aqtivebis jgufs da romelTa gamoyenebac moxdeba saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi. likvidobis riskis marTva moicavs likviduri aqtivebis amocnobasa da minimaluri likvidobis limitebis dadgenas ucxour valutaSi arsebuli aqtivebisaTvis. bankis fulad-sakredito da saerTaSoriso rezervebis marTvis komitetebi adgens im vadadamdgari saxsrebis minimaluri proporciis zRvrebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba fuladi saxsrebis gadinebis dasafarad. bankis likvidobis marTvis politika moiTxovs: x x x x x

ZiriTad valutebSi fuladi nakadebis prognozirebas likviduri aqtivebis donis gaTvaliswinebiT; dafinansebis diversificirebuli wyaros arsebobas; sesxebis koncentraciisa da parametrebis marTvas; portfelis maRal likvidur aqtivebSi ganTavsebas, romlebic advilad iqnebian likvidirebulni, rogorc dacvis meqanizmi nebismieri fuladi nakadis Sewyvetisas; likvidobisa da gauTvaliswinebeli dafinansebis gegmis arsebobas.

finansuri bazrebis departamenti iRebs informacias biznes erTeulebidan finansuri aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis likvidobis WrilSi da sxva detalebs prognozirebuli fuladi nakadebis Sesaxeb. Semdgom, departamenti uzrunvelyofs adekvaturi portfelis moklevadiani likviduri aqtivebis arsebobas, metwilad gamoxatuls moklevadian finansur fasian qaRaldebSi, bankebze gacemul sesxebsa da sxva bankTaSoris operaciebSi. yoveldRiurad likvidobis poziciis monitoringi xorcieldeba finansuri bazrebis departamentis mier sxvadasxva scenarebis ,,stres testingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;â&#x20AC;&#x2122;-iT, romelic moicavs normaluri da sxva ufro mkacri sabazro pirobebis gaTvaliswinebas. normaluri sabazro pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT momzadebuli likvidobis moxsenebebi yovelkvireulad waredgineba xelmZRvanelobas. bankis likvidobis marTvis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebs iRebs monetaruli politikis komiteti da nergavs finansuri bazrebis departamenti.

finansuri valdebulebebis analizi narCeni sakontraqto vadebis mixedviT qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi naCvenebia aradiskontirebuli fuladi nakadebi dafuZnebuli savaraudo saxelSekrulebo vadianobaze 2012 da 2011 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT. dafarvebisaTvis, romlebic eqvemdebareba nebismier dros moTxovnas, igulisxmeba dafarvis moTxovnis myisieri miReba. Tumca, bankis varaudiT am raodenobis kontragentebi ar moiTxoven valdebulebebis dafarvas yvelaze adreuli SesaZlo TariRiT da Sedegad cxrili ar asaxavs mosalodnel fulad nakadebs.

223

3 Tveze naklebi 31 dekemberi 2012 valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT valdebulebebi klientebis mimarT gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi valdebulebebi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT sxva finansuri valdebulebebi sul aradiskontirebuli finansuri valdebulebebi

31 dekemberi 2011 valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT valdebulebebi klientebis mimarT gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi valdebulebebi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT sxva finansuri valdebulebebi sul aradiskontirebuli finansuri valdebulebebi

3 Tvidan 12 Tvemde

1 wlidan 5 wlamde

5 welze meti

sul

1,337,254

953,856

1,168

360,000

210,000

570,000

371,087

402,253

191,251

964,591

8,537

488

161

9,194

3,031,902

612,261

191,739

161

3,836,063

1,147,488

757,757

527

467

758,751

621

275,000

175,000

450,000

381,869

328,559

641,379

10,770

1,362,577

4,477

385

249

5,115

2,567,212

504,090

642,231

11,019

3,724,552

qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi naCvenebia bankis sakredito da pirobiTi valdebulebebi saxelSekrulebo vadianobis mixedviT. 3 Tveze naklebi 31 dekemberi 2012 31 dekemberi 2011

224

6,468 189

3 Tvidan 12 Tvemde

1 wlidan 5 wlamde

995

130 -

5 welze meti

s ul

6,598 1,184

sabazro riski sabazro riski warmoiSoba finansuri instrumentebis Rirebulebis cvlilebis Sedegad, rac gamowveulia saprocento ganakveTisa da savaluto kursis cvalebadobiT. sabazro riskebi moicavs savaluto risks, saprocento ganakveTebisa da sxva fasebis cvlilebis riskebs. sabazro riski warmoiSoba saprocento ganakveTis, savaluto da kapitalis finansuri instrumentebis Ria poziciidan, romlebic ar aris daculi zogadi da specifikuri ryevebisa da sabazro fasebis cvlilebebisagan.

saprocento ganakveTis riski saprocento ganakveTis riski warmoiSoba albaTobiT, rom saprocento ganakveTis cvlileba gavlenas moaxdens momaval fulad nakadebze an finansuri instrumentebis realur Rirebulebaze. winamdebare cxrili aRwers saprocento ganakveTis 1 procentiani cvlilebis gavlenas, sxva Tanabar pirobebSi, bankis sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaze. sruli Semosavlis angariSgebis mgrZnobelobis analizi aRwers saprocento ganakveTis savaraudo cvlilebis efeqts wminda saprocento Semosavalze erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, rac efuZneba saangariSgebo periodis bolos arsebul cvalebad ganakveTian arasavaWro finansur aqtivebsa da finansur valdebulebebs. 2012 valuta

aSS dolari SDR evro avstraliuri dolari lari sxva

saprocento ganakveTis zrda

2011 wminda saprocento Semosavlis mgrZnobeloba

saprocento ganakveTis zrda

1% 1% 1%

20,139 (5,960) 8,885

1% 1% 1%

22,162 (9,863) 9,551

1% 1% 1%

3,123 1,667 31

1% 1% 1%

2,165 109 42

2012 valuta

aSS dolari SDR evro avstraliuri dolari lari sxva

wminda saprocento Semosavlis mgrZnobeloba

saprocento ganakveTis Semcireba

(1%) (1%) (1%) (1%) (1%) (1%)

2011 wminda saprocento Semosavlis mgrZnobeloba (20,139) 5,960 (8,885) (3,123) (1,667) (31)

saprocento ganakveTis Semcireba

(1%) (1%) (1%) (1%) (1%) (1%)

wminda saprocento Semosavlis mgrZnobeloba (22,162) 9,863 (9,551) (2,165) (109) (42)

225

kapitalis mgrZnobeloba gamoTvlilia 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembrisaTvis gasayidad arsebuli finansuri aqtivebis gadafasebiT miRebuli saprocento ganakveTis 0.1 procentiani cvlilebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 2012 valuta

aSS dolari evro avstraliuri dolari lari

saprocento ganakveTis zrda 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10%

2011 kapitalis mgrZnobeloba

1,494 900 286 8

saprocento ganakveTis zrda

kapitalis mgrZnobeloba

0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10%

1,474 758 208 117

savaluto riski savaluto riski warmoadgens savaluto kursebis cvlilebis gamo finansuri instrumentis Rirebulebis cvalebadobis risks. aqtivebis savaluto struqturidan gamomdinare bankis aqtivebis RirebulebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia ZiriTadi valutebis kursebis cvlilebebis riski. Semdegi cxrili gviCvenebs bankis ZiriTad valutebs 2012 da 2011 wlebis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, mis arasavaWro finansur aqtivebTan da valdebulebebTan da saprognozo fulad nakadebTan mimarTebaSi. analizis Sedegad gamoiTvleba larTan mimarTebaSi savaluto kursebis dasaSvebi cvlilebebis gavlena sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaze, sxva Tanabar pirobebSi. uaryofiTi naSTebi cxrilSi asaxavs sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi potenciur wminda klebas, xolo dadebiTi naSTebi asaxavs potenciur wminda matebas.

226

lari

finansuri aqtivebi: fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi warmoebul instrumentebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivebi

savaWro fasiani qaRaldebi gasayidad arsebuli investiciebi dafarvis vadamde flobili investiciebi sxva finansuri aqtivebi sul finansuri aqtivebi finansuri valdebulebebi:: valdebulebebi rezidenti finansuri institutebis mimarT valdebulebebi finansTa saministros mimarT valdebulebebi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT valdebulebebi klientebis mimarT gamoSvebuli savalo fasiani qaRaldebi sxva finansuri valdebulebebi sul finansuri valdebulebebi wminda finansuri pozicia

aSS dolari

31 dekemberi 2012 SDR

evro

avstra-liuri dolari

1,281,318

163,707

26,373

391,076

224

366,645

186

166,500

8,158

1,515,069

934,218

522,321

11,443

1,854

923,409

sxva

sul

2,974

1,474,372

131

391,431

366,645

186

166,500

291,385

2,748,830

533,764

529

248

2,633

2,963,299

1,109,897

366,893

317,758

3,105

5,684,361

392,097

795,697

149,460

1,337,254

744,628

120,383

88,592

253

953,856

973

956,612

957,585

1,168

562,844

8,514

309

346

9,194

1,710,224

916,389

238,398

956,633

257

3,821,901

2,046,910

871,499

(589,740)

317,758

2,848

1,862,460

(786,815)

227

lari

finansuri aqtivebi: fuli da fulis eqvivalentebi moTxovnebi finansuri institutebis mimarT SDR-is angariSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi warmoebul instrumentebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivebi

228

aSS dolari

31 dekemberi 2011 avstra-SDR liuri dolari

evro

1,329,186

348,363

8,576

13,505

990

189

373,034

151,269

124,997

1,486,537

784,407

562,361

11,493

2,313

703,176

sxva

sul

4,176

1,690,301

14,719

373,034

151,269

210,275

2,606,216

573,854

106

2,419

2,967,982

1,144,558

373,034

218,851

4,211

5,411,812

385,852

636,288

125,314

1,147,488

573,818

82,509

101,910

514

758,751

1,350,738

621

442,128

3,615

298

1,202

5,115

1,406,034

719,095

228,426

1,350,738

548

3,704,841

2,248,887

916,132

(977,704)

218,851

3,663

1,706,971

(702,858)

efeqti mogebaze 2012 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis aSS dolari

evro

savaluto kursis zrda 1% savaluto kursis zrda 5% savaluto kursis zrda 10%

20,469 102,346 204,691

8,715 43,575 87,150

savaluto kursis kleba 1% savaluto kursis kleba 5% savaluto kursis kleba 10%

(20,469) (102,346) (204,691)

(8,715) (43,575) (87,150)

SDR

(5,897) (29,487) (58,974) 5,897 29,487 58,974

avstra-liuri dolari

sxva

sul

3,178 15,888 31,776

28 142 285

26,493 132,464 264,928

(3,178) (15,888) (31,776)

(28) (142) (285)

(26,493) (132,464) (264,928)

efeqti mogebaze 20111 wlis 31 dekembriT dasrulebuli wlisaTvis aSS dolari

savaluto kursis zrda 1% savaluto kursis zrda 5% savaluto kursis zrda 10% savaluto kursis kleba 1% savaluto kursis kleba 5% savaluto kursis kleba 10%

evro

SDR

avstra-liuri dolari

sxva

sul

22,489 112,444 224,889

9,161 45,807 91,613

(9,777) (48,885) (97,770)

2,189 10,943 21,885

37 183 366

24,099 120,492 240,983

(22,489) (112,444) (224,889)

(9,161) (45,807) (91,613)

9,777 48,885 97,770

(2,189) (10,943) (21,885)

(37) (183) (366)

(24,099) (120,492) (240,983)

saoperacio riski saoperacio riski warmoadgens iseTi zaralis risks, romelic gamowveulia sistemebis mwyobridan gamosvliT, SecdomebiT, TaRliTobiT Tu sxva gare movlenebiT. rodesac kontrolebi arasaTanadod funqcionirebs, saoperacio riskma SesaZloa uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdinos reputaciaze, gamoiwvios sakanonmdeblo darRvevebi an finansuri zarali. SeuZlebelia bankis mier yvela saoperacio riskis aRmofxvra, Tumca banki marTavs am riskebs kontrolis sistemis, potenciuri riskebis monitoringisa da maTze reagirebis meSveobiT. kontrolebi moicavs movaleobaTa saTanadod ganawilebas, wvdomis, avtorizaciisa da gadamowmebis procedurebs, TanamSromelTa swavlebisa da Sefasebis procesebs, amasTanave Sida auditis gamoyenebas.

229

230