Problemata analizi by georgianpolitics

problemaTa analizi

koalicia `gamWvirvale saerTaSoriso daxmareba saqarTvelosTvis~

Tbilisi, 2009 mwvane alternativa

saqarTvelosTvis gamoyofili finansuri daxmarebiT ganxorcielebuli proeqtebi da maTi zegavlena garemoze, problemaTa analizi teqsti: irakli maWaraSvili

ublikacia momzadda proeqtis `2008 wlis agvistos Semdgomi krizisis dasaZlevad saqarTvelosTvis gamoyofili finansuri daxmarebiT ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Semcireba~. proeqti xorcieldeba asociacia mwvane alternativas mier, fondi `Ria sazogadoebasaqarTvelos~ finansuri mxardaWeriT, koalicia `gamWvirvale daxmareba saqarTvelosTvis~ farglebSi. proeqtis mizania uzrunvelyos saqarTvelos dasaxmareblad saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebisa da donori mTavrobebis mier gamoyofili Tanxebis saSualebiT ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Semcireba/Serbileba da garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT mdgradi alternativebis SeTavazeba, agreTve, agvistos omis Sedegad garemoze miyenebuli zaralis kompensaciis xelSewyoba. winamdebare publikaciis mizania gamoyos saerTaSoriso daxmarebiT dafinansebuli proeqtebis potenciuri garemosdacviTi safrTxeebi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis susti mxareebi msgavs safrTxeebTan mimarTebaSi da gamoavlinos uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Semcirebis gzebi.

saqarTvelosTvis gamoyofili finansuri daxmarebiT ganxorcielebuli proeqtebi da maTi zegavlena garemoze

problemaTa analizi

sa rCevi anotacia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. 2008 wels ruseTis samxedro agresiis zegavlena bunebriv garemoze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2. bunebriv garemoze miyenebuli zianis kompensacia . . . . . . 15 3. 2008 wlis agvistos omis iribi zegavlena garemoze . . . 23 4. garemosdacviTi instrumentebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5. energetikuli proeqtebis zegavlena bunebriv da socialur garemoze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 6. gamWvirvaloba da sazogadoebis monawileoba . . . . . . . 50 daskvna da rekomendaciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

ano ta cia

008 wlis agvistos ruseTis samxedro agresiam saqarTvelos bunebriv garemozec iqonia uaryofiTi zegavlena _ rogorc pirdapiri (uSualod saomari moqmedebebiT miyenebuli ziani), ise iribi (gardauvali saWiroebebis gamo bunebrivi resursebis mopoveba). saqarTvelos mTavrobis, msoflio bankisa da gaero-s mier SemuSavda `saWiroebaTa erToblivi Sefasebis dokumenti~, romliTac ganisazRvra, konfliqtisSemdgomi finansuri daxmarebis prioritetebi. am dokumentze dayrdnobiT, 2008 wlis 22 oqtombers briuselSi gamarTul donorTa konferenciaze, saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da donorma qveynebma 4.55 mlrd aSS dolaris odenobis daxmareba aRuTqves saqarTvelos.

saerTaSoriso daxmarebSi mniSnelovani wili ukavia sagzao infrastruqturis mSenebloba/reabilitaciisa da energetikis sferosTan dakavSirebul proeqtebs. aseTi tipisa da masStabis proeqtebs, miTumetes, maSin rodesac isini dakavSirebuli arian mcire monakveTSi didi odenobiT bunebrivi resursebis mopovebasTan, SeuZliaT seriozuli zegavlena moaxdinon bunebriv da kulturul garemoze. es zegavlena dakavSirebulia rogorc proeqtebis ganxorcielebis procesTan, ise Semdgom funqcionirebasTan. arsebobs saSiSroeba, rom qveynis daxmarebisaTvis gamoyofili TanxebiT inicirebulma proeqtebma gamoiwvion bunebriv resursebze damokidebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis kidev ufro gaRaribeba, sacxovrebeli

garemos gauareseba da iZulebiTi gadaadgileba (ekomigracia). aseTi proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas, garemosdacviTi xasiaTis safrTxeebTan erTad (da maTTan mWidro kavSirSi), arsebobs mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri uflebebis darRvevis safrTxec. am riskebs safuZvels qmnis, erTis mxriv, garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobisa da instituciebis sisuste da meores mxriv, saqarTveloSi farTomasStabiani proeqtebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli gamocdileba. mwvane alternativa, fondi `Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelos~ finansuri mxardaWeriT axorcielebs proeqts `2008 wlis agvistos Semdgomi krizisis dasaZlevad saqarTvelosTvis gamoyofili finansuri daxmarebiT ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Semcireba~. proeqtis mizania uzrunvelyos saqarTvelos dasaxmareblad saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis da donori mTavrobebis mier gamoyofili Tanxebis saSualebiT ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Semcireba/Serbileba da garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT mdgradi alternativebis SeTavazeba; agreTve, agvistos omis Sedegad garemoze miyenebuli zaralis kompensaciis xelSewyoba. mwvane alternativam gamoyo briuselis konferenciis Sedegebis mixedviT dafinansebuli ramdenime proeqti, romelsac SesaZloa hqondes mniSvnelovani negatiuri zemoqmedeba garemosa da mosaxleobaze (garemos degradacia, biomravalferovnebis dakargva, resursebis amowurva, mosaxleobis SesaZlo gadasaxleba, arasaTanado kompensacia da sxv.); garda amisa, yuradReba 3

daeTmoba omis Sedegad bunebriv garemoze miyenebul zians da mis sakompensacio RonisZiebebs. 2008 wlis agvistos omis Sedegad bunebaze miyenebuli zianis kompensaciisa da saerTaSoriso daxmarebebiT dafinansebuli proeqtebis garemoze zegavlenis zogadi Sefasebis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia ganvacxadoT, rom saqarTvelos omisSemdgomi reabilitaciisaTvis gamoyofili finansuri daxmareba jerjerobiT ar xmardeba dazianebuli ekosistemebis reabilitacias. ufro metic, am daxmarebis farglebSi dafinansebuli proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis masStabi Zalze didia da SeiZleba Seuqcevadi ziani miayenos qveynis bunebriv garemos da kulturul memkvidreobas, uaryofiTad aisaxos proeqtebis zegavlenis qveS moqceuli mosaxleobis socialurekonomikur mdgomareobaze. am zegavlenis damabalansebeli proeqtebi ki ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli donorTa daxmarebebSi. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba ver uzrunvelyofs garemosdacviTi da socialuri safrTxeebis Semcirebas/Tavidan acilebas. saxelmwifo instituciebi an ar arian mzad, an ar gaaCniaT neba, rom gaiTvaliswinon garemosdacviTi da socialuri safrTxeebi, romelic axlavs msxvili energetikuli da infrastruqturuli proeqtebis ganxorcielebas. Zalze dabalia gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobis xarisxi, rasac ganapirobebs sazogadoebis informirebisa da monawileobis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili meqanizmebis ararseboba, sazogadoebis garemosdacviTi cnobierebis dabalali done, garemosdacviTi uflebadamcveli, e.w. `voCdogi~ organizaciebis nakleboba. 4

am tendenciebis Sesamcireblad da arsebuli problemebis mosagvareblad, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia: , garemosdacviTi instrumentebis gaZlierebisa da sazogadoebis CarTulobis gaumjobesebis mizniT, ganxorcieldes normatiuli bazis reforma; daixvewos licenziebiTa da nebarTvebiT gansazRvruli garemosdacviTi valdebulebebi da gamkacrdes maT Sesrulebaze kontroli; , donorebma yuradReba unda mimarTon saxelmwifo instituciebis SesaZleblobaTa gaZlierebisaken, bunebrivi resursebis inventarizaciis, garemos xarisxis monitoringisa da garemosdacviTi kontrolis, aseve bunebrivi stiqiuri movlenebis prevenciisa da maTTan brZolis kuTxiT; yuradReba unda mieqces JNAâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Si da OSCE-UNEP-is daskvnaSi mocemul rekomendaciebs omis Sedegad dazianebuli ekosistemebis reabilitaciasTan dakavSirebiT; , saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da saqarTvelos mTavrobam dauyovnebliv unda daiwyon qveynis energetikis seqtoris ganviTarebis bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefasebis, aseve inertuli masalebis mopovebis garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefasebis Catareba; , saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da donorebma, daxmarebis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis Sedegad garemoze miyenebuli zianis dasabalanseblad, unda daiwyon garemosdacviTi (konservaciuli) proeqtebis ganxorcieleba, aseve mdinareebis napirsamagri samuSaoebis dafinanseba; 5

, aucilebelia, rom saqarTvelosTvis gamoyofilma daxmarebam ara mxolod omisgan miyenebuli zaralis anazRaurebas, aramed ufro grZelvadian miznebs _ qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebasa da mis evroatlantikur struqturebSi integracias Seuwyos xeli. amis misaRwevad donorebma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda dauTmon samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da Tavisufali mediis, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis ganviTarebas. interesTa konfliqtis prevenciisa da e.w. `gongoebis~ (mTavrobis marTuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebi) waxalisebisgan Tavis aridebis mizniT, ar SeiZleba rom saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma, donorma qveynebma da organizaciebma dauSvan, erTi da igive wyarodan rogorc proeqtis, ise misi `damoukidebeli~ monitoringis dafinanseba. , saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da donorma qveynebma yuradReba unda miaqcion im faqts, rom briuselis donorTa konferenciis Sedegad saerTod ar finansdeba, an naklebad finansdeba, garemosdacviTi da socialuri TvalsazrisiT iseTi misaRebi proeqtebi, rogoricaa soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, mcire hesebis ganviTareba da sxva. , saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da donorma qveynebma meti yuradReba unda dauTmon saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier moTxovnili proeqtebis saWiroebis dasabuTebas; yuradReba unda gamaxvildes imaze, Tu ra dadebiT zegavlenas iqoniebs es proeqtebi qveynis ekonomikaze, ramdenad iqneba SesaZlebeli ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis meSveobiT maTze daxarjuli kreditebis gastumreba da ramdenad gavrceldeba 6

proeqtebis dadebiTi efeqti uSualod proeqtebis zegavlenis qveS moqceuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis yofaze. arsebuli saWiroebebisa da Sesabamisi xarjviTi prioritetebis gansazRvraSi aqtiurad unda iyvnen CarTuli dazaralebuli Temebi, adgilobrivi mTavroba, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, eqspertebi da profesiuli jgufebi.

Se sa va li

004 wels gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam gamoaqveyna angariSi `ufro usafrTxo msoflio: Cveni saerTo pasuxismgebloba1~. masSi gaanalizebulia kacobriobis winaSe arsebuli yvela globaluri safrTxe, romelic emuqreba saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebasa da mSvidobas da romlis aRmofxvrazec msoflio Tanasazogadoebam unda imuSaos momavali aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi. am dokumentis Tanaxmad, erT-erT ZiriTad globalur safrTxes warmoadgens garemos degradacia da is ufro aqtualurad aris miCneuli, vidre masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRi, terorizmi da saerTaSoriso mafia2. ukanaskneli aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi 2 miliardi adamiani moeqca bunebrivi katastrofebis zegavlenis qveS, xolo maTTan dakavSirebulma ekonomikurma zaralma gadaaWarba wina oTxi aTwleulis analogiur maCvenebels. gaero-s zemoxsenebul dokumentSi aRwerilia is globaluri tendenciebi, romlebic ganapirobeben garemos Seuqcevad degradacias, aseve mocemulia zogadi reko-

A more secure world: Our shared responsibility. Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change UN, 2004

garemos degradacia ganimarteba, rogorc adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad biosferosTvis miyenebuli ziani, romelsac adgili aqvs, rodesac adamiani ufro swrafad iTvisebs bunebriv resursebs, vidre SesaZlebelia maTi TviTganaxleba; roca dabinZureba Seuqcevad, gamousworebel zians ayenebs garemos; an roca adamianebi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis procesSi azianeben da anadgureben bunebriv ekosistemebs.

mendaciebi am tendenciebis SesaCereblad. dokumentSi xazgasmulia, rom ekologiuri problemebis gaTvaliswineba Zalze iSviaTad xdeba usafrTxoebisa da ganviTarebis strategiebis SemuSavebisa da humanitaruli daxmarebis strategiebis gansazRvrisas. gamoTqmulia SeSfoTeba, rom siRaribe, infeqciuri daavadebebi da ekologiuri degradacia ganixileba, rogorc calke aRebuli problemebi, xolo donorebs Soris koordinacia sustia. gaero mouwodebs saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebs, meti yuradReba miaqcion katastrofebTan brZolas da daxmareba aRmouCinon katastrofebisadmi mowyvlad saxelmwifoebs. mkvlevarTa TvalsazrisiT, stiqiuri movlenebis ganviTarebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori adamianis araswori saqmianobaa _ miwebis usistemo aTviseba saTanado Sefasebis gareSe, axali satransporto obieqtebis mSenebloba-rekonstruqcia, samTo-mopovebiTi mrewveloba, tyis masivebis ukontrolo Wra, mdinaris napirebis e.w `daCqarebuli anTropogenuli erozia~ da sxv. adamianis araswori saqmianobiT gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebis provocireba imdenad maRalia, rom amJamad TiTqmis SeuZlebelia bunebrivi da anTropogenuli faqtorebiT gamowveuli procesebis gamijvna. garemosdacviT problematikas Zalze didi mniSvneloba eniWeba Tanamedrove msoflioSi da saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebic sagangebo yuradRebas uTmoben garemos dacvas. TiToeuls gaaCnia sakuTari regulaciebi, sagangebo moTxovnebi, raTa maTi saxsrebiT dafinansebuli proeqtebi pasuxobdnen maRal garemosdacviT standartebs.

1. 2008 wels ru se Tis sam xed ro ag re si is ze gav le na bu neb riv ga re mo ze

008 wlis agvistoSi saqarTvelos winaaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli ruseTis samxedro agresiis Sedegad daiRupa aseulobiT saqarTvelos moqalaqe, daingra aTeulobiT dasaxleba, aTiaTasobiT adamianma iZulebiT datova mSobliuri adgilebi. omis Semdgom periodSi qveyanaSi warmoqmnil social-ekonomikur problemebze mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia msoflios finansur-ekonomikurma krizismac. omma saqarTvelos bunebriv garemozec iqonia uaryofiTi zegavlena _ rogorc pirdapiri, ise iribi. pirdapir zegavlenaSi igulisxmeba uSualod saomari moqmedebebiT bunebriv garemoze miyenebuli ziani; SeiZleba gamoiyos sxvadasxva epizodi: samxedro operaciebis dros cxinvalis da goris raionebSi garemoze miyenebuli ziani; cecxlis Sewyvetis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Semdeg borjomisa da atenis xeobebis tyeebSi gaCenili Zlieri xanZari, aseve mcire masStabis ramdenime xanZari suramis, xaragaulis, kojris, xaiSis tyis masivebSi. garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros informaciiT, ganadgurda 1100 heqtari tyis masivi; foTis akvatoriaSi gemebis afeTqebis Sedegad garemos dabinZureba (navTobproduqtebiT dabinZureba _ zRvaSi daiRvara 50-tonamde navTobproduqti da xmauriT dabinZureba); goris raionis sofel skraSi 10

navTobproduqtebis sarkinigzo Semadgenlobis afeTqebis Sedegad gamowveuli haerisa da niadagis dabinZureba (niadagSi 720 tona nedli navTobi CaiRvara) da a.S. irib zegavlenaSi igulisxmeba, omiT gamowveuli gardauvali saWiroebebis gamo, bunebrivi resursebis swrafi aTviseba _ magaliTad, iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTa saxlebis asaSeneblad drois mokle monakveTSi saWiro gaxda didi raodenobiT xe-tyisa da inertuli masalebis mopoveba. saqarTvelos mTavrobis, msoflio bankisa da gaero-s mier (ADB, EBRD, EIB, IFC, EC monawileobiT) mier SemuSavda `saWiroebaTa erToblivi Sefasebis dokumenti~ (SemdgomSi _ JNA)1, romliTac ganisazRvra, saqarTvelos finansuri daxmarebis prioritetebi. dokumentSi mimoxilulia agvistos saomari moqmedebebis Sedegad qveynisaTvis miyenebuli zaralis reabilitaciis samwliani gegma. daaxloebiT or kviraSi momzadebuli dokumentis SemuSavebis procesSi monawileobis saSualeba ar mieca samoqalaqo sazogadoebas _ arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, samecniero-kvleviT instituciebs da sxva dainteresebul pirebs. cxadia, rom ar moxda yvela im saSiSroebebis, maT Soris, garemos dacvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba, romelic SeiZleba Tan axldes dokumentiT gaTvaliswinebuli masStaburi proeqtebis drois mokle monakveTSi ganxorcielebas. 1

Joint Needs Assessment Findings Prepared for the Donorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Conference of October 22, 2008 in Brussels, The United Nations â&#x20AC;&#x201C; The World Bank.

aRniSnuli dokumenti wardgenili iyo 2008 wlis 22 oqtombers briuselSi gamarTul donorTa konferenciaze, sadac saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da donorma qveynebma 4.55 mlrd aSS dolaris odenobis daxmarebis gamoyofa aRuTqves saqarTvelos mTavrobas. saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso daxmarebiT dasafinansebel proeqtebSi mniSnelovani wili (naxevarze meti) ukavia sagzao infrastruqturis mSenebloba/reabilitaciisa da energetikis sferosTan dakavSirebul proeqtebs. maTi nawilis ganxorcieleba dawyebulia, nawilisaTvis mimdinareobs winaswari da mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi. msgavsi tipis proeqtebs SeuZliaT seriozuli zegavlena moaxdinon bunebriv da kulturul garemoze. es zegavlena dakavSirebulia rogorc am proeqtebis ganxorcielebasTan (mSeneblobis procesTan), ise Semdgom funqcionirebasTan. gasaTvaliswinebelia, garemoze zemoqmedebis is masStabic, rac mohyveba am proeqtebisaTvis saWiro bunebrivi resursebis mopovebasac. mniSvnelovania, rom ar moxdes bunebrivi resursebis im moculobiTa da siCqariT aTviseba, rom SeuZlebeli gaxdes maTi TviTganaxleba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia qveynis daxmarebisaTvis gamoyofili TanxebiT inicirebulma proeqtebma gamoiwvios bunebriv resursebze damokidebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis kidev ufro gaRaribeba, sacxovrebeli garemos gauareseba da amis gamo, iZulebiTi gadaadgileba (ekomigracia). garda amisa, aseTi farTomasStabiani proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas, garemosdacviTi xasiaTis safrTxeebTan erTad (da maTTan mWidro kavSirSi), arsebobs mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri uflebebis darRvevis safrTxec. am ris12

kebs safuZvels uqmnis, erTis mxriv, saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobisa da instituciebis sisuste (ix. qvemoT) da meores mxriv, saqarTveloSi farTomasStabiani proeqtebis ganxorcielebis gamocdileba. mwvane alternativam gamoyo briuselis konferenciis Sedegebis mixedviT dafinansebuli ramdenime proeqti, romelsac SesaZloa hqondes mniSvnelovani negatiuri zemoqmedeba garemosa da mosaxleobaze (garemos degradacia, biomravalferovnebis dakargva, resursebis amowurva, mosaxleobis SesaZlo gadasaxleba, arasaTanado kompensacia da sxv.); es proeqtebia1: , Savi zRvis regionuli eleqtrogadacemis proeqti; , xudonis hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqti; , aRmosavleT-dasavleTis avtobanis proeqti (Tbilisisenaki-leseliZe avtomagistrali); , samcxe-javaxeTis avtomagistralis mSenebloba; , vaziani-gombori-Telavis avtomagistralis proeqti; , aWaris SemovliTi avtomagistralis mSenebloba; , aWaris myari narCenebis marTvis proeqti; , onis hidroeleqtrosadgurebis kaskadis proeqti; , rusTavis municipaluri nagavsayrelis proeqti. am etapze SeiZleba davasaxeloT kidev ori potenciuri proeqti: Tbilisis myari narCenebis marTvis proeqti da Tbilisis SemovliTi rkinigzis proeqti. am proeqtebis dafinansebis wyaro jerjerobiT ar aris naTeli, Tumca 1

proeqtebis Sesaxeb informacia ixileT specialur daijestSi (#1) veb gverdze: http://www.greenalt.org/

savaraudoa, rom saqarTvelos mTavroba Seecdeba maT ganxorcielebas saqarTvelosTvis krizisis dasaZlevad gamoyofili daxmarebis farglebSi gamoyofili dafinansebiT, vinaidan orive proeqtis garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dokumentebi momzadebulia saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. garda amisa, aucileblad migvaCnia, yuradReba mivaqcioT omis Sedegad bunebriv garemoze, gansakuTrebiT tyeebze miyenebul zians da mis sakompensacio RonisZiebebs.

2. bunebriv garemoze miyenebuli zianis kompensacia

008 wlis ruseTis samxedro agresiis dros, adamianTa msxverplisa da teritoriebis dakargvasTan erTad, qarTul sazogadoebaSi erT-erTi yvelaze mtkivneuli sakiTxi iyo xanZris Sedegad tyis masivebis ganadgureba. borjomisa da atenis xeobebis tyeebSi gaCenili xanZris Tema xSirad Suqdeboda masmediaSi. sazogadoebas Seeqmna garkveulwilad gadaWarbebuli molodini, rom damwvari tyis nacvlad, dauyovnebliv unda dawyebuliyo tyis aRdgena-gaSeneba. aseve gaCnda molodini, rom saqarTvelos mTavroba saerTaSoriso samarTlis meqanizmebis gamoyenebiT, agresorisgan moiTxovda garemoze miyenebuli zianis kompensacias da seriozuli sanqciebis dawesebas saerTaSoriso konvenciebisa da SeTanxmebebis meSveobiT. aseTi molodinis Seqmnas xeli Seuwyo masmediis saSualebiT mTavrobis warmomadgenelTa mier gakeTebulma gancxadebebma, saqarTvelos bankis e.w. `mwvane anabarTan~ dakavSirebulma piar-kampaniam da a.S. saqarTvelos premier-ministris 2008 wlis 29 agvistos # 252 brZanebiT, Seiqmna saqarTveloSi saomari moqmedebebis Sedegad garemosTvis miyenebuli zianis Semfasebeli komisia. komisiis SemadgenlobaSi, romelsac garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis ministri irakli RvalaZe xelmZRvanelobda, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros struqturuli erTeulebis 15

xelmZRvanelebis garda, Sevidnen zogierTi sxva saministros maRali Tanamdebobis pirebi, aseve garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da samecniero-kvleviTi dawesebulebebis warmomadgenlebi1. amave brZanebiT, komisias daevala uzrunveleyo: (1) Sesabamisi dargis saerTaSoriso eqspertebis mowveva komisiis muSaobaSi monawileobis misaRebad; (2) erTi Tvis vadaSi saqarTveloSi saomari moqmedebebis Sedegad garemosTvis miyenebuli zianis Sefaseba da Sesabamisi daskvnis warmodgena. 2008 wlis noembris dasawyisSi komisiis zogierTma wevrma saministros warudgina kvlevis daskvna, romlis mixedviTac, saqarTvelos garemoze ruseTis samxedro agresiis Sedegad miyenebulma zianma Seadgina 1 miliard 214 milioni lari. am kvlevis Sedegi ar gaformebula, rogorc komisiis saerTo daskvna. aRniSnuli daskvnis prezentacia moxda komisiis saerTo sxdomaze 2008 wlis 13 noembers (sxdomas ukve garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis axali ministri goga xaCiZe xelmZRvanelobda) da es iyo komisiis erTaderTi sxdoma, romlis oqmic Sedga. komisiis saboloo rekomendaciebi sxdomis oqmis daskvniT nawilSi aisaxa: ekologiuri agresiis obieqtebis konservacia 2009 wlis gazafxulamde, anTropogebuli zemoqmedebisagan dacvis mizniT maTi izolacia (gansakuTrebiT, damwvari tyeebis dacva Zovebisagan); darCenili sakiTxebis analizi da RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba 2009 1

omis Sedegad garemoze miyenebuli zianis dadgenisa da sapasuxo RonisZiebebis SemuSavebasTan dakavSirebiT mTavrobis mier gaweuli saqmianoba ufro dawvrilebiT iqneba mimoxiluli Cvens momdevno kvlevaSi.

wlis gazafxulamde periodSi; uaxloes periodSi ucxoeli eqspertebis mowveva zianis Sefasebisa da ekologiuri winasworobis aRdgenis samuSaoebis Tanamedrove da swori teqnologiebiT gansaxorcieleblad. bolomde gaugebari darCa, iyo Tu ara saqarTvelos bunebriv garemoze ruseTis mier miyenebuli zianis daangariSebis mizani agresorisaTvis, saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos gziT, zianis anazRaurebas moTxovna. savaraudod, amisTvis saWiro masalis Segroveba saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ver moaxerxa. yovel SemTxvevaSi, iusticiis saministroSi ekocidis1 Temaze raime sarCeli ar momzadebula. JNA-Si aRiniSna, rom 2008 wlis agvistos omis Sedegad saqarTvelos infrastruqturaze da garemoze miyenebuli ziani iyo sagrZnobi, magram ara didi. dokumentSi gakeTebulia Sefaseba, romlis Tanaxmadac garemosTan dakavSirebuli gadaudebeli RonisZiebebisaTvis saWiroa 2 milioni aSS dolari (damwvari xeebis gamotana, navTobis daRvris adgilebis gawmenda), xolo garemos reabilitaciisaTvis, xeebis dargvisTvis, xanZris Sedegad eroziis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebisa da daculi teritoriebis dazianebuli infrastruqturis aRdgenisaTvis, aseve damwvari tyeebis mimdebare soflebSi mewyersawi1

termini `ekocidi~ aRniSnavs ekosistemebis mizanminarTul da masobriv ganadgurebas da ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba militaristuli qmedebebis aRsaniSnavad. misi warmoSoba dakavSirebulia aSS-s samxedro qmedebebTan vietnamSi, rodesac aviaciis mier 77 milioni litri defoliantebis daRvrisa da cecxlgamCeni napalmis gamoyenebis Sedegad ganadgurebuli iqna samxreT vietnamis teritoriis 20%.

naaRmdego RonisZiebebisaTvis _ 5 milioni dolari. es sakmaod mokrZalebuli moTxovnebic ki, jerjerobiT ar asaxula donorTa daxmarebebSi, rac aseve saqarTvelos mTavrobis pasiurobas unda mivaweroT. JNA-Si praqtikulad ar aris ganxiluli infrastruqturuli proeqtebis Sedegad garemoze miyenebuli zianis damabalansebeli proeqtebi. garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrom, agvistos omis garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis sakiTxebis Seswavlis mizniT, TxovniT mimarTa ENVSEC1-s. 2008 wlis 29 seqtembridan 3 oqtombris CaTvliT ENVSECis xelSewyobiT saqarTveloSi imyofeboda OSCE/UNEPis erToblivi misia. misiam gaiziara JNA-Si mocemuli daskvnebi da moamzada dokumenti, sadac kidev ufro dawvrilebiT ganixila omis Sedegad warmoqmnili garemosdacviTi problemebi. am dokumetSi mocemulia rekomendaciebi, romelTagan yvelaze vrceli adgili ukavia tyis xanZrebis Temas. rekomendaciebi moicaven iseT aspeqtebs, rogoricaa xanZris Sedegad dazianebuli xeebis usafrTxo gamotana, tyis merqniani saxeobebis mavneblebis gavrcelebisa da Semgomi tyis xanZrebis, aseve mewyeris warmoSobis prevenciis RonisZiebebi, tyis xanZrebTan da sxva stiqiur movlenebTan brZolisaTvis SesaZleblobaTa gaZlierebis qmedebebi da sxv. 1

ENVSEC â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Environment Security Initiative â&#x20AC;&#x201C; UNDP, UNEP, OSCE, NATO, UNECE da REC-is erToblivi iniciativa, romelic daarsda 2003 wels da romelic muSaobs garemosdacviT da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze. ix. www.envsec.org

finansTa saministros mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, 4,55 miliardiani daxmarebidan garemos dacvisaTvis gankuTvnilia 5 milioni evro, romelsac gamoyofs germaniis rekonstruqciis banki (KFW). am Tanxidan 1 milioni evro mimdinare saqmianobis gansaxorcieleblad unda miiRos `gaerTianebulma transasazRvro sekretariatma (TJS)1~, xolo 4 milioni daixarjeba xevSi (yazbegSi) biosferuli rezervatis Seqmnaze. axali daculi teritoriebis Seqmnis xelSewyoba da yazbegis biosferuli rezervatis Seqmna Zalze saWiro da mniSvnelovania garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT, Tumca Znelia daukavSiro 2008 wlis ruseTis agresiis Sedegad saqarTvelos garemoze miyenebuli zaralis anazRaurebas. `gaerTianebuli transasazRvro sekretariati~ Seqmnilia germaniis mTavrobis mxardaWeriT samxreT kavkasiis sam qveyanaSi (azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi) biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebis xelSewyobisaTvis. 2007 wlis bolos saqarTvelos, azerbaijanis da somxeTis eqspertebma da garemos dacvis saministroebis warmomadgenlebma imogzaures germaniaSi da moinaxules biosferuli rezervatebi2. vizitis dros Sedga diskusia 1

~gaerTianebuli transasazRvro sekretariati~ (The Transboundary Joint Secretariat â&#x20AC;&#x201C;TJS) Seqmnilia germaniis mTavrobis kavkasiis iniciativis farglebSi da misi mizania xeli Seuwyos samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis _ saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis TanamSromlobas biomravalferovnebis konservaciis sakiTxebSi.

biosferuli rezervati aris saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis daculi teritoria, romlis aRiarebac xdeba UNESCO-s mier.

KFW-sa da saministroebs Soris, samxreT kavkasiaSi biosferuli rezervatebis Seqmnis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb. Sedegad, KfW daTanxmda daefinansebina TiTo biosferuli rezervatis Seqmna samive qveyanaSi: somxeTSi _ Sigaxoxis saxelmwifo nakrZalis, azerbaijanSi _ zaqaTalis saxelmwifo nakrZalis, xolo saqarTveloSi _ yazbegis erovnuli parkis arealebSi. xelSekruleba amis Sesaxeb 2008 wlis pirvel naxevarSi gaformda1 _ anu agvistos omamde da briuselis konferenciamde bevrad adre. grantis xarjva ganxorcieldeba donoris Cveulebrivi procedurebiT. Tanxa ar Seva saxelmwifo xazinaSi. uaxloes periodSi donori daculi teritoriebis saagentosTan erTad gamoacxadebs tenders biosferuli rezervatris Seqmnis SesaZleblobebis winaswari SeswavlisaTvis. OSCE/UNEP-is erToblivi misiis mier gakeTebuli Seswavlis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrom moamzada proeqtis idea 2008 wlis agvistoSi ganviTarebuli tyis xanZrebis Sedegad dazianebuli tyis ekosistemebis aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT. 2009 wlis ivnisis bolos proeqtis idea mowonebuli iqna ENVSEC-is mier, xolo fineTis mTavrobam gamoTqva proeqtis dafinansebis mzadyofna ENVSEC-is iniciativis farglebSi (savaraudod, 2 milioni evros gamoyofas). ENVCEC-ma sruli proeqtis momzadebis Taobaze TxovniT mimarTa UNDP-is saqarTvelos ofiss, romelic mo1

wyaro: TJS veb gverdi: http://jointsecretariat.org/.

iazreba proeqtis ganmaxorcielebel saagentod. am ukanasknelma gamoacxada tenderi proeqtis mosamzadeblad saerTaSoriso konsultantis SerCevisaTvis. Sesajameblad, unda aRvniSnoT, rom Cveni azriT, saqarTvelos mTavrobam arasaTanadod Seiswavla ruseTis samxedro agresiis Sedegad garemoze miyenebuli ziani da saerTaSoriso donorebs damajereblad ver (an ar) warudgina sakuTari saWiroebebi. Sesabamisad, jerjerobiT mxolod mciredia am kuTxiT gakeTebuli. SeiZleba gaviTvaliswinoT, rom im periodSi qveyana ufro mniSvnelovani problemebis winaSe idga _ saokupacio jaris agresiuli qmedebebi, omis Sedegad daWril-dasaxiCrebul adamianebze zrunva, ugzo-ukvlod dakargulTa moZieba, devnilebis dabinaveba da maTi sayofacxovrebo problemebi da sxva. magram, samwuxarod Znelia es faqtorebi gamodges gamamarTlebel argumentebad, vinaidan imave periodSi mTavroba garemos dacvasTan dakavSirebul Tavis isedac mwir resursebs sruliad sxva saWiroebebisaken mimarTavda. xe-tyis damzadebis 20-wliani licenziebis gacemis mizniT, 2008 wlis 4 da 5 seqtembers gamocxadda da 7 da 8 oqtombers Sedga yvelaze masStaburi auqcioni1. anu faqtiurad, auqcioni Sedga im pirobebSi, rodesac ruseTis saokupacio jarebi mTel saqarTvelos teritoriaze imyofebodnen, borjomisa da atenis xeobaSi tyis xanZari ar iyo sabolood likvidi1

aRniSnuli auqcionis momzadebasa da Catarebas axla kanonis mravali darRveva. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi ganixileba mwvane alternativam sarCeli, am auqcionis Sedegebis gauqmebis moTxovniT.

rebuli, xolo samTavrobo komisia iwyebda muSaobas garemoze miyenebul ziansa da sareabilitacio samuSaoebis dagegmvaze. nacvlad imisa, rom satyeo departamenti da garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro am sakiTxebiT yofiliyvnen dakavebuli, mzaddeboda auqcionze gasatani lotebi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministrosaTvis gadasacemad. gasakviri araa, rom am pirobebSi gamocxadebuli auqcionis Sedegad licenziebi miiRes saqarTvelos mTavrobis yofili wevrebis sawarmoebma1.

am sakiTxze dawvrilebiT ixileT mwvane alternativas publikaciaSi `saqarTvelos satyeo seqtoris monitoringi, 2007-2008~, www. greenalt.org.

3. 2008 wlis agvistos omis iribi zegavlena garemoze

008 wlis agvistos omis Sedegad dazaralebuli mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli saxlebisSekeTebisa da mSeneblobisaTvis saWiro gaxda xe-tyisa da inertuli masalebis mopoveba. xe-tyis gamosayofad 2008 wlis 1 oqtombers gamoica saqarTvelos mTavrobis # 640 gankarguleba `ruseTis federaciis mxridan saqarTveloze SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmis Sedegad dazaralebuli mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli saxlebis SekeTebisa da mSeneblobisaTvis gansaxorcielebel gadaudebel RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~, romelSic cvlileba Sevida 2008 wlis 16 oqtombers mTavrobis # 674 gankargulebiT. aRniSnuli gankargulebis Tanaxmad, gadaudebel RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebis mizniT, sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs _ saqarTvelos municipaluri ganviTarebis fonds, daevala uzrunveleyo saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis _ satyeo departamentis samcxe-javaxeTis regionaluri satyeo sammarTvelos marTvas daqvemdebarebuli saxelmwifo sameurneo tyis fondidan 22300 m3 da Sida qarTlis regionaluri satyeo sammarTvelos marTvas daqvemdebarebuli saxelmwifo sameurneo tyis fondidan 16550 m3 (sul _ 38850 m3) wiwvovani saxeobis samasale merqnis misaRebad saWiro tyekafis1 gamoyofis, 1

tyekafi _ tyis ubani, sadac daSvebulia Wra da mosaWreli xeebi specialurad aris daniSnuli.

moWrisa da damzadebis samuSaoebis Sesruleba moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. municipaluri ganviTarebis fondma Tavad SearCia Semsrulebeli da daafinansa RonisZiebebi. gankargulebis Sesabamisad, tyekafebis gamoyofa moxda xaSuris, goris, adigenis, axalcixisa da aspinZis satyeo ubnebSi. Cvens xelT arsebuli informaciiT, tyekafebis gamoyofisas arazustad iyo gaTvlili mosaWreli (e.w. zezemdgomi) xeebis merqnis gamosavlianoba. Sedegad, mosaWrelad moniSnuli iyo da moiWra ufro meti, vidre aRniSnul gankargulebaSia miTiTebuli, ris gamoc ukve damzadebuli masalis garkveuli nawili auTvisebeli darCa. amasTanave, xe-tyis damzadebis dros ar iqna daculi Wris wesebi. ar moxda tyekafebis gawmenda, daxurva da satyeo departamentisaTvis gadabareba. Zalze did farTobze tyeebi gauwmendavia narCenebisgan, aseve yria damamzadeblebis mier datovebuli sayofacxovrebo narCenebi (konservis qilebi, boTlebi da a.S.). am teritoriebisTvis, sadac moxda xe-tyis damzadeba, bunebrivad damaxasiaTebelia tyis xanZrebi, romlebic praqtikulad yovel wels xdeba. samcxe-javaxeTSi gansakuTrebuli masStabis xanZrebi bolo wlebSic iyo (2004 w. _ awyuri, 2006 w. _ abasTumani, 2008 w. agvisto _ borjom-bakuriani). es niSnavs, rom dazaralebuli mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli saxlebis SekeTebisa da mSeneblobisaTvis gankuTvnili xe-tyis mopovebis adgilze Zlieri xanZari gaCenis realuri saSiSroeba arsebobs, Tu saswrafod ar iqna gatarebuli specialuri RonisZiebebi. dResdReobiT am saSiSroebisgan tyes mxolod wvimiani amindebi icavs. arc 24

satyeo departamenti da arc Sss sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis departamenti, miTumetes, arc adgilobrivi saxanZro samsaxurebi ar floben adeqvatur teqnikur saSualebebs tyis xanZrebTan sabrZolvelad. rac Seexeba tyis xanZrebis prevenciisaTvis Casatarebel RonisZiebebs, romlebsac qveynis moqmedi kanonmdebloba (tyis kodeqsi) savaldebulod miiCnevs, ukanaskneli aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi ar Catarebula. garda imisa, rom zemoxsenebuli gankargulebebis safuZvelze gamoiyo samasale merqani dazaralebulTa saxlebisaTvis, mTavrobam gamosca sxva gankargulebac, romelic dakavSirebulia konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebuli mosaxleobis pirveladi saWiroebebis dakmayofilebasTan (2008 wlis 8 oqtombris # 655 gankarguleba `2008-2009 wlis zamTris sezonTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis, maT Soris ruseTis federaciis samxedro agresiis Sedegad dazaralebuli kompaqturad gansaxlebuli mosaxleobis saTbobi SeSiT momaragebis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~). jamSi am ori gankargulebis safuZvelze bevrad meti xe-tyis mopoveba moxda, vidre daiwva rusuli agresiis Sedegad. amdenad, maTi gamocemis kanonierebisa da Sesrulebis monitoringi Cveni calke Seswavlis sagani gaxdeba.

4. garemosdacviTi instrumentebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi

inamdebare publikaciis SesavalSi zogadad ganvixileT, ramdenad mniSvnelovania garemos degradaciis problema dRevandel msoflioSi. dReisaTvis miCneulia, rom garemos degradacias (igive biomravalferovnebis dakargvas) ganapiropebs xuTi ZiriTadi faqtori1: sabinadro garemos degradacia/ganadgureba; Warbi mopoveba; ucxo saxeobebisa da daavadebebis gavrceleba; garemos dabinZureba; klimatis anTropogenuli cvlileba. Cvens mier identificirebuli yvela proeqti dakavSirebulia am faqtorebis intensivobis gazrdasTan.

cxadia, rom Tanamedrove msoflioSi SeuZlebelia ganviTarebis proeqtebis gareSe arseboba da Sesabamisad, garemoze garkveuli zewola gardauvalia. Tumca, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, garemos Seuqcevadma degradaciam SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas stabilurobasa da mSvidobas, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT adamianebis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis usafrTxoebaze. amdenad, TviT ekonomikuri ganviTarebis da infrastruqturul proeqtebsac azri daekareba, Tu garemos degradacia Seuqcevad xasiaTs miiRebs. imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofil iqnes mdgradi gan1

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.

viTareba da moxdes garemos degradaciis Semcireba da Serbileba, arsebobs garkveuli meqanizmebi/instrumentebi, romlebic formalizebulia samarTlebrivi procedurebiT. aseTi meqanizmebis ricxvs miekuTvneba, magaliTad, garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba, bunebrivi resursebis mopovebis kvotebis da wesebis dadgena. qvemoT, mokled mimovixilavT, Tu ramdenad efeqturia Tanamedrove saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi es meqanizmebi da ra sisusteebi gaaCniaT maT. garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba aris dagegmili proeqtis an saqmianobis garemoze SesaZlo zemoqmedebis Sefasebis procesi, romlis drosac, garemos bunebriv komponentebze zemoqmedebasTan erTad da masTan mWidro kavSirSi, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos iseTi aspeqtebic, rogoricaa socialur-ekonomikuri, kulturuli zemoqmedeba, agreTve, zemoqmedeba adamianis janmrTelobaze _ rogorc dadebiTi, aseve _ uaryofiTi kuTxiT. saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi konvenciebis mixedviT, garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba (gzS) warmoadgens garemos (biologiuri mravalferovnebis) komponentebis SenarCunebis, maTi mdgradi gamoyenebisa da sargeblis samarTliani ganawilebis mTavar instruments. msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi arsebobs gansxvavebuli kanonmdebloba da praqtika, Tumca rogorc wesi (amasve iTxoven saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi konvenciebi da SeTanxmebebi), gzS aucileblad unda Seicavdes Semdeg etapebs: 27

skriningi _ procedura, romliTac dgindeba, Tu romeli proeqti an RonisZieba moiTxovs srul an nawilobriv garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebas;

skopingi _ procedura, rodesac dgindeba, Tu ra informacia unda Segrovdes garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis Catarebisas da rogor unda iyos es masala warmodgenili garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSSi. skopingis safuZvelze dgeba garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSis teqnikuri davaleba;

garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba _ SemoTavazebuli proeqtisa Tu RonisZiebis garemoze SesaZlo zemoqmedebis prognozirebisa da gamovlenisaTvis saproeqto winadadebis urTierTdakavSirebuli Sedegebisa da socialur-ekonomikuri zemoqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

Semarbilebeli

RonisZiebebis

dadgena

saqmiano-

bis SeCerebis, zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT alternatiuli proeqtebisa da ubnebis SerCevis, proeqtSi damcavi meqanizmebis CarTvis an uaryofiTi zemoqmedebisaTvis kompensaciis uzrunvelyofis CaTvliT; 5.

gadawyvetilebis miReba proeqtis damtkicebis Taobaze;

monitoringi da Sefaseba _ saqmianobis prognozirebuli zemoqmedebisa da misi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis, aseve, araprognozirebuli zemoqmedebebisa an warumatebeli Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis droulad gamovlenisa da saTanado zomebis miRebis uzrunvelyofa;

gzS-s procesis aucilebeli da umniSvnelovanesi komponentia sazogadoebis informireba da misi gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi CarTva. sazogadoebis monawileobis saSualebiT gadawyvetilebis mimRebis yuradRebis miRma ar rCeba mniSvnelovani garemosdacviTi da socialuri problemebi, izrdeba sazogadoebis ndoba da mcirdeba SesaZlo konfliqtebis albaToba. gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi sazogadoebis efeqturi monawileobisaTvis, aucilebelia sazogadoebis drouli informireba da adreul etapebze CarTva, rodesac variantebi jer kidev Riaa da SesaZlebelia gadawyvetilebaze gavlenis moxdena. amis gamo, mravali qveyanis, aseve saerTaSorso safinanso institutebis regulaciebis mixedviT, sazogadoebis monawileoba jer kidev `skopingis~ etapzea gaTvaliswinebuli. kidev erTi aRiarebul garemosdacviTi instruments warmoadgens garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefaseba (gzsS). es aris SemoTavazebuli politikuri kursis, gegmebis an programebis garemosdacviTi, aseve ekonomikuri da socialuri Sedegebis gamovlenisa da Sefasebis formalizebuli da mravalmxrivi procesi, romlis mizania am Sedegebis srulad gaTvaliswineba da saTanado mniSvnelobis miniWeba gadawyvetilebebis miRebis yvelaze adreul etapze. gzsS moicavs saqmianobis ufro farTo speqtrs, an ufro farTo sferos, vidre calkeuli proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba. gzsS SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mTeli seqtorisaTvis (rogoricaa, magaliTad, erovnuli politika energetikis sferoSi), an geografiuli arealisaTvis (magaliTad, regionuli 29

ganviTarebis sqemis konteqstSi). gzsS ZiriTadi etapebi emTxveva gzS procedurebis etapebs. saqarTveloSi dReisaTvis gzsS-s Catarebis samarTlebrivi moTxovnebi ar aris dadgenili (Tumca arsebobs misi Catarebis praqtika), xolo gzS-sTan dakavSirebuli kanonmdebloba1 Sors dgas saukeTeso saerTaSoriso gamocdilebisgan. upirveles yovlisa, saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba ar cnobs formalurad `skriningisa~ da `skopingis~ etapebs. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, `skriningis~ meSveobiT dgindeba, saWiroebs Tu ara konkretuli proeqti gzS-s. Tu `skriningis~ Sedegad dadginda gzS-s saWiroeba, iwyeba `skopingi~, romlis drosac ganisazRvreba gzS-s amocanebi da masStabi, mzaddeba teqnikuri davaleba gzS-s angariSisaTvis. amrigad, procedurebi, romlebic daexmareboda rogorc gadawyvetilebis mimRebs, ise proeqtis ganmaxorcielebels da xels Seuwyobda proeqtis gavlenis qveS myofi mosaxleobis uflebebis da interesebis dacvas, Cveni kanonmdeblobiT ugulvebelyofilia. saqarTveloSi `skriningis~ funqcia aRebuli aqvs kanons `garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb~, romelic xistad gansazRvravs im saqmianobebis CamonaTvals, romlisTvisac saWiroa gzS-s ganxorcieleba. am CamonaTvalSi 1

saqarTvelos kanonebi `licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~, ~garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb~, `ekologiuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb~ da kanonqvemdebare aqtebi; garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvas gascems garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro.

ar aris Setanili bevri iseTi saqmianoba, romelsac Zlieri zegavlena aqvs garemoze, magaliTad: samarTlebrivad daculi saxeobebis bunebidan amoReba, sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopoveba, sasoflo-sameurneo da kvebis mrewvelobis sawarmoebis, atomuri eleqtrosadgurebis, qaRaldis, tyavis, safeiqro da xe-tyis mrewvelobis sawarmoebis mSenebloba da funqcionireba da a.S. amis gamo, kanoni winaaRmdegobaSi modis sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso konvenciebTan da maTgan gamomdinare rezoluciebTan. garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvas kanoniT dadgenili saqmianobis ganxorcielebisaTvis gascems garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro. nebarTvis gacemisaTvis saWiroa saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis Catareba. saministro ekologiur eqsperizas aseve atarebs garkveuli tipis proeqtebis dros mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemisas. e.w. `erTi karis principis~ dacvis sababiT, aseT dros aRar gaicema garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTva. garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis gacema ramdenime etapisagan Semdgari procesia. upirveles yovlisa, gzS-s daqvemdebarebuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebis msurveli, sakonsultacio firmis meSveobiT atarebs gzS-s da amzadebs Sesabamis angariSs. bolo wlebis praqtika aCvenebs, rom gzS angariSebis xarisxi, rogorc wesi dabalia. `orhusis centris~ Tanaxmad1, gzS-s angariSebis did nawilSi ar aris, an arasrulyofilad aris mocemuli 1

ix. `damkvirveblis angariSgebebi~. T. guguSvili, n. baramiZe, n. gvazava. www.aarhus.dsl.ge.

iseTi mniSvnelovani komponentebi, rogoricaa saqmianobis alternativebis ganxilva, garemosdacviTi menejmentis gegma da sawarmos likvidaciis gegma; ar aris gansazRvruli potenciuri avariuli situaciebis da Sesabamisi reagirebis zomebi; aseve ar aris mocemuli saqmianobis ekologiur-ekonomikuri da socialuri Sefaseba; xSirad arasrulyofilia arsebuli garemos daxasiaTeba _ ar xdeba mocemuli saqmianobis konteqstis gaTvaliswineba. farTod xdeba garemos im komponentebis mimoxilva, romlebzec saqmianoba umniSvnelo gavlenas axdens da naklebad aris asaxuli iseTi komponentebi, romlebzedac saqmianoba uSualo gavlenas axdens. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, gzS procesis umniSvnelovanesi etapia gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis informireba da CarTva, Tumca moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, sazogadoebis informireba da gadawyvetilebis procesSi CarTva mxolod gzS-s angariSis proeqtis momzadebis etapzea SesaZlebeli (anu gadawyvetilebis miRebis administraciuli proceduris dawyebamde) da saxelmwifos es valdebuleba mTlianad investorzea delegirebuli. investori valdebulia uzrunvelyos dagegmili saqmianobis Sesaxeb informaciis gamoqveyneba da gzS-s angariSis proeqtis sajaro ganxilvis organizeba im TviTmmarTveli erTeulis administraciul centrSi, sadac dagegmilia saqmianobis ganxorcieleba. momdevno etapia garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros mier administraciuli warmoeba garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis gasacemad. es moicavs 32

eqspertebis SerCevas, damtkicebas da gzS-s angariSis ekologiuri eqspertizis Catarebas. ekologiuri eqspertizis dadebiTi daskvna aucilebelia garemoze zemoqmedebis an mSeneblobis nebarTvis gasacemad. swored am etapze iwyeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi, magram am procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobas saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs, nebarTva gaicema saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli martivi administraciuli warmoebis wesiT1. yuradsaRebia, rom martivi administraciuli warmoebis wesiT gadawyvetilebis miRebisas, administraciuli organo uflebamosilia warmoebaSi Caabas dainteresebuli mxare (nebismieri fizikuri an iuridiuli piri, romlis kanonier interesze pirdapir da uSualo gavlenas axdens saqmianoba, maT Soris, garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi) misi werilobiTi moTxovnis safuZvelze. Tumca, administraciuli warmoebis procesSi CarTva praqtikulad SeuZlebelia konkretuli meqanizmis/procedurebis ararsebobisa da administraciuli warmoebisaTvis gankuTvnili drois simciris gamo (amas cxadyofs mwvane alternativas gamocdilebac). gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi monawileobas SeuZlebels xdis is garemoebac, rom administraciuli warmoebis dawyebis Se1

yuradsaRebia, rom reformatoruli `licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTelos kanonis miRebamde (2005 w.) nebarTva gaicemoda sajaro administraciuli warmoebis wesiT, romelic iTvaliswinebda gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis informirebisa da monawileobis uzrunvelyofis SesaZleblobebs.

saxeb informacia oficialurad ar qveyndeba1; ar qveyndeba miRebuli gadawyvetilebebic. gzS-s procesis maregulirebeli amJamindeli kanonmdeblobis absurdulobis da kanonmdeblebis araprofesionalizmisa Tu ugulisyurobis naTel magaliTad gamodgeba Semdegic: gzS angariSebi, Cveulebriv, moicavs iseTi saxis informacias, romlis gagebac ara-eqspertisTvis, SesaZloa, sirTules warmoadgendes. amis gamo, gzS-s Teoria moiTxovs da msoflios mravali qveynis praqtikac adasturebs gzS angariSebis Semajamebeli, arateqnikuri reziumes momzadebis da sazogadoebasTan (dainteresebul mxareebTan) konsultaciebis Catarebamde misi gavrcelebis aucileblobas. paradoqsulia, rom saqarTveloSi amJamad moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, gzS-s arateqnikuri reziumes momzadeba da wardgena, romelic swored sazogadoebis informirebisa da CarTvisTvisaa gankuTvnili, investors moeTxoveba ara gzS-s angariSis proeqtis sajaro ganxilvebisTvis, aramed saministroSi nebarTvis misaRebad warsadgen sabuTebTan erTad, anu im etapze, rodesac sajaro ganxilvebi dainteresebuli mxareebisTvis ukve aRar tardeba (!). 1

miuxedavad araerTxel werilobiT mimarTvisa, saministrom ar CarTo administraciuli warmoebis procesSi `mwvane alternativa~, ris gamoc asociaciam administraciuli saCivriT mimarTa generalur inspeqcias. Sedegad, sayveduri gamoucxades licenziebisa da nebarTvebis departamentis ufross, magram amas Sedegad ar mohyolia arsebuli proceduris pozitiuri cvlilebebi.

amrigad, gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobis done ukiduresad dabalia, rasac ganapirobebs sxvadasxva faqtori, maT Soris, upirveles yovlisa is, rom ar arsebobs sazogadoebis informirebisa da monawileobis dadgenili procedurebi. Zalze dabalia sazogadoebis garemosdacviTi cnobierebac, aseve codna ama Tu im saqmianobis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli janmrTelobisa da socialuri riskebis Sesaxeb. dagegmili proeqtebis zegavlenis qveS moqceuli mosaxleobisTvis, rogorc wesi, ucnobia azris gamoTqmis SesaZleblobebi (igulisxmeba zemoaRniSnuli gzS-s angariSis proeqtis momzadebis etapi), rac upirveles yovlisa, gamowveulia mosaxleobis informaciiT uzrunvelyofis arasaTanado samarTlebrivi moTxovebiT. mniSvnelovani problemaa aseve isic, rom saqarTveloSi praqtikulad ar arseboben e.w. `voCdogi~ garemosdacviTi organizaciebi. garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis umetesoba sakonsultacio saqmianobasac eweva, rac xSirad SeuTavsebelia advokatirebasTan. dasanania, magram arseboben iseTi kvazi-~voCdogi~ organizaciebic, romelTa saqmianoba mimarTulia ama Tu im saxelmwifo Tu kerZo proeqtis investorisgan sakonsultacio momsaxurebaze dakveTis miRebaze da maTi `voCdogoba~ mTavrdeba kontraqtis miRebasTan erTad. aseTi araeTikuri qmedebebi zians ayenebs, zogadad, garemosdacviT saqmianobas da mTlianad, arasamTavrobo seqtoris reputacias. 35

praqtika cxadyofs, rom proeqtebis ganmaxorcieleblebs, umravles SemTxvevaSi, ar aqvT swori warmodgena gzS-s saWiroebasa da miznebze; es Tanabrad exeba proeqtebis ganmaxorcielebel saxelmwifo uwyebebsac (mag., energetikis saministro, saqarTvelos rkinigza, sagzao departamenti, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro). maTTvis gzS procesi formaluri, biurokratiuli proceduraa, vinaidan gadawyvetileba saqmianobis ganxorcielebaze da ganxorcielebis gzebze winaswarvea (gzS-s procesis dawyebamde) miRebuli. amdenad, iseTi Sinaarsis angariSze seriozulad muSaoba, romelmac Teoriulad, SeiZleba daaskvnas, rom garemosdacviTi mosazrebebis gamo, saqmianoba (proeqti) ar aris mizanSewonili an garkveuli SezRudvebiT unda ganxorcieldes, maTTvis warmoudgenelia. Sesabamisad, saqmianobis ganxorcielebiT dainteresebuli organizaciis zegavleniT, gzS angariSebis Sedgenisas ar xdeba alternativebis jerovani Seswavlac (rac aucilebeli samarTlebrivi moTxovnaa). Tavad sakonsultacio firmebic, nacvlad imisa, rom rogorc obieqturma arbitrebma daaxasiaTon saqmianobis ganxorcielebis yvela alternativa, cdiloben ise Seadginon gzS angariSi, rom maqsimalurad Seesabamebodes damkveTis (kerZo investoris Tu sajaro uwyebis) mier winaswar miRebul gadawyvetilebas (mag., yvelaze iafi alternativa, romelic garemosdacviTi da/an socialuri TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba ar iyos misaRebi). xSir SemTxvevaSi, sajaro ganxilvebis dros, gzS angariSis mosamzadeblad daqiravebuli konsultanti cdilobs gaamarTlos es ukanonoba. 36

im Tvalsazrisis Camoyalibebas, rom gzS procesi formaluri proceduraa bevri faqtori uwyobs xels, maT Soris, erT-erTi umTavresia nebarTvis gacemis Semdgomi procesebi _ sanebarTvo pirobebisa da gzS angariSiT aRebuli valdebulebebis kontroli da monitoringi. es sakiTxebi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT ar aris naTlad daregulirebuli da praqtikulad ar xorcieldeba. amis gamo, gzS angariSic da garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvac ubralo qaRaldebia da meti araferi. garda amisa, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi Cadebulia iseTi debulebebi, romlebic aknineben gzS mniSvnelobas an saerTod ugulebelyofen mis saWiroebas. magaliTad, `licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~ kanonis Tanaxmad, Tu saqmianobis ganxorcielebas gegmavs saxelmwifo organo (gzS-s daqvemdebarebul saqmianobaTa umetesoba ki, principSi, mxolod saxelmwifo organom SeiZleba dagegmos), is Tavisufldeba gzS-s Catarebis valdebulebisgan; `investiciebis saxelmwifo xelSewyobis Sesaxeb~ kanoni SesaZlebels xdis saqmianobis dawyebas gzS-s Catarebisa da nebarTvis mopovebis gareSe, im pirobiT, rom is momavalSi moipovebs nebarTvas. amgvar debulebas absurdul situaciamde mivyavarT _ investori valdebuli xdeba Seadginos mimdinare an ukve dasrulebuli saqmianobisTvis gzS angariSi da ganixilos masSi saqmianobis SesaZlo zegavlena da ganxorcielebis alternativebi. ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos nebarTvis gamcemi uwyebis uunaroba, SeewinaaRmdegos investorebisa Tu sxva saministroebis zewolas da Sesabamis TanamSromelTa mxridan dakisrebuli movaleobisadmi uprincipo, formalu37

ri damokidebuleba. xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac nebarTva gaicema iseTi saqmianobisaTvis, romelsac Zalze destruqciuli gavlena aqvs garemoze da/an gzS angariSi Zalze dabali xarisxisaa, magram nebarTva mainc gaicema politikur-ekonomikuri interesebisa Tu `samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis~ momizezebiT (e.w. TviTcenzura). Cinovnikebis amgvari qceva ganapirobebs, rom garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro dRemde rCeba dabali avtoritetis mqone uwyebad. gzS-s sistemaSi arsebuli bevri naklovaneba sistemuri xasiaTisaa da bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSia Camoyalibebuli, magram aris sakiTxebi, romelTa mogvarebac arsebuli kanonmdeblobis pirobebSic SesaZlebeli iqneboda, gadawyvetilebis mimRebi pirebis Tanamdebaze daniSvnisas umTavresi kriteriumi principuloba da profesionalizmi rom iyos. gasakviri ar unda iyos, rom aseT pirobebSi gzS-s sistema ver asrulebs Tavis daniSnulebas _ usafrTxo da jansaRi garemos SenarCunebas, bunebrivi resursebis mdgradi gamoyenebisa da sargeblisa da danakargebis samarTlianad gadanawilebis xelSewyobas. amdenad, arsebuli gzS sistema saWiroebs dauyovnebliv sakanonmdeblo, instituciur da sakadro cvlilebebs. bunebrivi resursebis mopovebis kvotebis da wesebis dadgena. saqme rTuladaa bunebrivi resursebis mopovebis kvotebis dadgenis sakiTxSic. mosaWreli xe-tyis odenoba, ZiriTadad, ganisazRvreba vadagasuli monacemebis safuZvelze. kanoniT, ki tyiTsargeblobis normebisa da kvotebis dadgena xdeba tyeTmowyobis safuZvelze, ro38

melic yovel 10 weliwadSi unda ganaxldes. aseve Zalian miaxloebiTi sizustiT dgindeba wiaRis mopovebis kvotebic. saerTaSoriso

daxmarebiT

dafinansebuli

proeqtebis

mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens magistraluri da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis mSenebloba-reabilitacia. gzebis mSenebloba mimdinareobs cemento-betonis da/an asfalto-betonis teqnologiebiT, romelic saWiroebs didi raodenobiT inertul masalas (qva, RorRi, qviSa-xreSi da a.S.); inertuli masalis mopoveba saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad xdeba mdinareTa kalapotebidan. saSualod, erTi grZivi metri cemento-betonis gzatkecilisTvis saWiroa 9 kuburi metri inertuli masala. yovelive aman negatiurad SeiZleba imoqmedos im mdinareebze, romelTa kalapotidanac, srulyofili winaswari Seswavlis gareSe, xdeba aTasobiT kuburi metri qviSa-xreSis amoReba da xeli Seuwyos stiqiuri movlenebis ganviTarebas. asfaltis warmoebac, Tavis mxriv, garemoze sakmaod mZime zegavlenasTan aris dakavSirebuli. mdinaridan inertuli masalebis mopoveba iwvevs mdinareebis iseTi fizikuri parametrebis cvlilebas, rogorebicaa kalapotis geometria (traeqtoria), fskeris siRrme, Sreebis Semadgenloba da stabiluroba, dinebis siCqare, Camonadenis raodenoba, temperatura, gamWvirvaloba da sxv. es cvlilebebi iwveven wylis biomravalferovnebis degradacias, napirebis erozias da sxva uaryofiT Sedegebs. 39

aqedan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom saxelmwifos mxridan ufro meti yuradReba unda mieqces mSeneblobisTvis saWiro inertuli masalebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebul garemosdacviT sakiTxebs. rogorc wesi, mSeneblobis nebarTvis misaRebad momzadebul gzS angariSebSi an saerTod ar aris es sakiTxi ganxiluli, an mocemulia zogadi Canawerebi: aRiniSneba, rom inertuli masalebis mopoveba moxdeba garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros mier gacemuli licenziebis safuZvelze da es sakmarisia imisaTviss, rom zegavlena iqneba Serbilebuli da rom `garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis regionaluri samsaxurebi da garemos dacvis inspeqcia akontroleben karierebis kanonierad eqspluataciis sakiTxs~. saqme isaa, rom sinamdvileSi arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili meqanizmebi (wiaRiTsargeblobis licenziis pirobebiT dadgenili mopovebis kvotebi) ver uzrunvelyofen ekologiuri moTxovnebis dacvas wiaRiTsargeblobisas. swored amisTvis arsebobs iseTi instrumenti, rogoricaa gzS. samwuxarod, 2005 wels wiaRis mopoveba amoRebul iqna im saqmianobebis CamonaTvalidan, romelTa ganxorcielebazec nebarTvis gacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis misaRebad savaldebulo iyo gzS-s Catareba. dRes saqarTveloSi wiaRis mopoveba aRar eqvemdebareba gzS-s proceduras da ar saWiroebs garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvas1. rac Seexeba wiaRiTsargeblobis licenzi1

aseTi praqtika mxolod koloniuri da arademokratiuli qveynebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli (mag. koloniuri afrikis reJimebi, pinoCetis periodis Cile da a.S.).

is pirobebis Sesrulebis kontrols, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis regionalur samsaxurebs CamorTmeuli aqvT kontrolis funqcia, xolo garemos dacvis inspeqcias (gdi) kontrolis sakmaod mwiri SesaZleblobebi gaaCnia (gansakuTrebiT, es iTqmis dabinZurebis kontrolze; saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs organizacia, romelsac aqvs SesaZlebloba, gazomos xmauris done; praqtikulad ver xerxdeba haeris dabinZurebis xarisxis monitoringi da a.S). amasTanave, im sababiT, rom licenziebis gamowera xdeba mxolod erT egzempalarad, romelic licenziis mflobels gadaecema, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministroSi licenziebis aslebi ar inaxeba. dRemde ar aris SemuSavebuli licenziis Sesrulebis angariSis forma. xSir SemTxvevaSi, gdi-Si ar inaxeba gzS angariSebis aslebi. gzis mSenebeli kompaniebis SerCevisas, satendero pirobebSi, yuradReba ar eqveva wiaRis mopovebis licenziebis warmodgenas, an licenziis mflobelebTan winaswari xelSekrulebebis arsebobas. aqedan gamomdinare, xSirad adgili aqvs faqtebs, rodesac mSenebeli xvdeba forsmaJorul situaciaSi, radganac ar gaaCnia mSeneblobisaTvis saWiro bunebrivi resursebi da mTavrobis gankargulebiT xdeba misi gaTavisufleba wiaRis mopovebis licenziisagan. licenziisgan gaTavisufleba SesaZlebelia misaRebi iyos im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqme gvaqvs realur forsmaJorTan _ mag., saWiroa stiqiuri movlenis Sedegad dazianebuli xidis da gzatkecilis swafad aRdgena, an omis Sedegad dazaralebulTa/devnilTa saxlebis mSenebloba-reabilitacia. rodesac saqme gvaqvs 41

gzis gegmiur mSeneblobasTan, licenziisgan ganTavisufleba gaumarTleblad migvaCnia. amasTanave, xdeba zogierTi kontraqtoris gaTavisufleba, sxvebi ki Cveulebriv iReben licenzias, an yiduloben nedleuls licenziantisgan, rac aSkarad araTanabar mdgomareobaSi ayenebs mewarmeebs/investorebs.

5. energetikuli proeqtebis zegavlena bunebriv da socialur garemoze

aqarTvelos mTavroba mxars uWers ramdenime axali didi, 78 patara da saSualo zomis hes-is mSeneblobas, romelTa saerTo dadgmuli simZlavre Seadgens 3000 megavats. mTavrobis ramodenime angariSi, maT Soris `saqarTvelos saxelmwifo energopolitikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi~, xazs usvams qveynis SesaZleblobebs, gaxdes energo-eqsportiori qveyana. energopolitikis mizani _ bunebrivi gazis hidroeleqtroenergiiT etapobrivi Canacvleba _ swori mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli nabijia, Tumca is proeqtebi, romlebic moiazreba (xudonis, namaxvanis, onis hesebi) socialuri, ekonomikuri da garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT Zalze destruqciulni arian da ar Seesabamebian mdgradi ganviTarebis principebs. msgavsi tipis energo-proeqtebs SeuZliaT moaxdinon mniSvnelovani uaryofiTi zegavlena garemoze, dramatulad Secvalon socialuri da demografiuli mdgomareoba mTian raionebSi da xeli Seuwyon kulturuli memkvidreobis ganadgurdebas. 2000 wels `kaSxlebis msoflio komisiis~ mier gamoqveynebuli angariSis Tanaxmad, didi kaSxlebis/hes-ebis uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba bunebriv da socialur garemoze (iZulebiTi gadasaxleba, tradiciebis dakargva, bunebrivi garemos da kulturuli memkvidreobis ganadgureba, landSaftis da lokaluri klimatis Secvla) imdenad Zlieria, rom isini ukve aRar ganixileba ganaxlebadi energetikis nawilad. 43

amasTanave, didi hes-ebis mSeneblobis inicirebiT Zalze rTuldeba mcire da saSualo hes-ebis dafinanseba, arada saqarTvelos mcire hes-ebis ganviTarebis udidesi SesaZleblobebi gaaCnia, rac aramarto xelsayrelia ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, aramed misaRebia garemosdacviTi kuTxiTac. ganmartebas saWiroebs is sakiTxic, rom hes-ebi ar warmoadgenen mudmivi eleqtroenergiis wyaros _ didi hes-ebis saoperacio periodi daaxloebiT 50 welia; wyalsacavi TandaTan ivseba mdinaris nataniT da eqspluataciis vadis gasvlis Semdeg kaSxali saWiroebs SekeTebas an demontaJs. qvemoT mokledaa ganxiluli is energo-proeqtebi, romelTa dafinansebis sakiTxi dadebiTad gadawyda briuselis donorTa konferenciaze. Savi zRvis regionuli eleqtrogadacemis proeqti. proeqti iTvaliswinebs 500 kv-iani eleqtrogadamcemi xazis reabilitacia/mSeneblobas (dasavleT saqarTvelodan azerbaijanis da TurqeTis sazRvramde). proeqts afinanseben evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki (EBRD), evropis sainvesticio banki (EIB) da germaniis rekonstruqciis banki (KFW). proeqtis mizania saqarTvelos energosistemis mdgradobis gaZliereba da arsebuli Warbi eleqtroenergiis TurqeTSi eqsportis uzrunvelyofa1. proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli eleqtrogadamcemi xazi gadis ramodenime dacul teritoriaze (borjom-xa1

proeqtis dokumentaciaSi miTiTebulia, rom is mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli ramodenime axali didi kaSxlis mSeneblobasTan saqarTveloSi, raTa maqsimalurad meti eleqtroenergiis eqsporti ganxorcieldes TurqeTSi.

ragaulis erovnuli parki, qcia-tabawyuris aRkveTili, gardabnis aRkveTili). es calsaxad arRvevs saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobas da Sesabamisad, donorebis regulaciebs. Cvens xelT arsebuli informaciiT, energetikis saministro cdilobs zewola moaxdinos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministroze da kanonmdeblobis uxeSi darRveviT, proeqtis realizaciisas gamoiyenos is alternativa, romelic yvelaze iafia, magram gulisxmobs borjom-xaragaulis erovnul parkze yvelaze met zemoqmedebas. am pozicias ewinaaRmdegeba garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro, Tavad daculi teritoriis administracia da gzS angariSis mosamzadeblad daqiravebuli sakonsultacio kompaniac ki. xazi unda gavusvaT, rom `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-5 muxlSi mocemuli garemos dacvis principebis, kerZod `prioritetulobis principis~ Tanaxmad, `qmedeba, romelmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios uaryofiTi zegavlena garemoze da adamianis janmrTelobaze, SeiZleba Seicvalos sxva, naklebriskiani, Tundac ufro ZviradRirebuli qmedebiT. prioriteti eniWeba ukanasknels, Tu misi Rirebuleba ar aRemateba naklebadRirebuli qmedebiT miyenebuli ekologiuri zianis Sedegad zaralis anazRaurebis xarjebs~. paradoqsulia, rom saqarTvelos mTavroba apirebs donorebis mier ruseTis agresiis Sedegebis salikvidaciod gamoyofili Tanxebis gamoyenebiT kidev ufro daazianos ruseTis agresiis Sedegad yvelaze metad dazianebuli erovnuli parki. onis hidro-kaskadi. mdinare rionze, onis raionSi, raWaSi dagegmilia sam-etapiani kaskadis ageba. proeqtis saerTo 45

Rirebuleba daaxloebiT 664 milioni aSS dolaria. igi iTvaliswinebs 115 m x 739 m qvis kaSxalis mSeneblobas1. 2009 wlis martSi saqarTvelos mTavrobam gamoacxada tenderi proeqtis dizainze da onis kaskadis mSenebloba/ amoqmedebaze. satendero informaciis Tanaxmad, EBRD da EIB mxars uWeren proeqtis ganviTarebas da SesaZloa, kreditis saxiT gamoyon dafinanseba. dokumentSi aseve miTiTebulia, rom kaskadi, savaraudod, miiRebs Semosavlebs ara mxolod eleqtroenergiis, aramed saTburis airebis emisiebis gayidviTac (0.3839 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; CO2). proeqtis ganxorcielebiT dainteresebulia norvegiuli kompania `ekoni~, romlis mier werilobiT mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, onis kaskadisaTvis Seiqmna garemosa da socialuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebis teqnikuri davaleba da is ukve damtkicebulia EBRD -s garemos dacvis departamentis mier. amis sawinaaRmdegod, EBRD-is prezidentma, mwvane alternativasadmi gamogzavnil werilSi aRniSna, rom msgavsi proeqtis ganxilva mis uwyebaSi ar mimdinareobs. xudonis hes-i. xudonis 201-metriani hes-is aSeneba dagegmilia zemo svaneTSi, mdinare engurze (2010 m zRvis donidan). mTavrobis gaTvlebiT, xudonhesis mSenebloba 500 milioni dolari dajdeba da daaxloebiT 4-5 weliwadSi dasruldeba. 700 MW dadgmuli simZlavris hesis gamomuSaveba wliurad 1.7 mlrd kilovat saaTia, xolo rezervuaris moculoba 230 milioni kuburi metri. 1

ix. www.onicascade.com

saqarTvelos mTavroba gegmavs xudonis kaSxlis zemoT ganalagos hes-ebis kaskadi _ rogorc mdinare engurze (tobarishesebis kaskadi _ moculoba 600 megavati iqneba da mas SeeZleba saaTSi 2.2 miliardi kilovatis generacia;), ise mdinare nenskraze (nenskras hes-ebis kaskadi _ 87 megavati). `msoflios gamocdileba saqarTvelosaTvis~1 analizis Tanaxmad, `xudonis mSeneblobis mTavari mizani iyo samxreT ruseTisa da amierkavkasiis respublikebisaTvis pikuri energiis uzrunvelyofa. amgvarad, xudoni mimzidveli proeqtia mxolod regionSi energiis Ria vaWrobisa da TanamSromlobis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arsebobs sando bazari pikuri energiis gasayidad mezobel qveynebSi~. 2005 wlis zafxulidan moyolebuli, msoflio banki awarmoebs molaparakebebs saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan xudonhesis Sesaxeb. msoflio bankma daamtkica saqarTvelos mTavrobis teqnikuri mxardaWeris granti (5 milioni aSS dolari). aqedan daaxloebiT 1.75-2.35 milioni gankuTvnilia xudonis mosamzadebeli samuSaoebisaTvis (wina da ganxorcielebis kvlevebi), teqnikuri kvlevebisa da gzS-s CatarebisTvis, aseve, mosaxleobis gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmisaTvis. msoflio bankis mier ganxorcielebuli kvlevis daskvnaSi xazgasmulia, rom xudoni saqarTvelos energousafrTxoebisaTvis ar warmoadgens saukeTeso variants. am Temis komentirebisas, sajaro ganxilvaze energetikis saministros warmomadgenelma ganacxada, 1

ix. www.weg.ge

rom dokumenti momzadda msoflio bankis moTxovniT da igi ar warmoadgens saqarTvelos mTavrobis interesebs. Cveni azriT, msgavsi proeqtebiT SeuZlebelia saqarTvelos energo-seqtoris arsebuli problemebis gadaWra: infrastruqturis reabilitacia, energiis xelmisawvdomoba adgilobrivi momxmareblebisa da sawarmoebisaTvis, energousafrTxoeba, energosistemis araefeqturobis Semcireba, konkurentunarianobasa da seqtoris monopolizaciasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. imisaTvis, rom moxdes energo-seqtoris dagegmvaSi daSvebuli Secdomebis gaTvaliswineba da uzrunvelyofil iqnes misi ganviTarebis mdgradoba, aucilebelia saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma gamoacxadon moratoriumi didi kaSxlebis mSeneblobaze saqarTveloSi, manamde, sanam Tanamonawileobrivi principiT ar ganxorcieldeba mTeli energo-seqtoris ganviTarebis garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefaseba. dokumentma unda Seafasos arsebuli hes-ebi da maTTan dakavSirebul problemebi1, SeimuSaos seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis yvelaze mdgradi midgomebi, warmoadginos alternativaTa finansuri efeqturoba, Seafasos dagegmili proeqtebis gavlena adgilobriv da mTlianad, qveynis mosaxleobaze. garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefaseba unda moicavdes saukeTeso scena1

amJamad saqarTvelo daaxloebiT 1600 megavat hidro-energias gamoimuSavebs, Tumca gaaCnia 2700 megavatis simZlavris gamomuSavebis SesaZlebloba. am obieqtebis reabilitaciis gziT SesaZlebelia damatebiT 2.2-2.5 milioni kilovati hidroeleqtroenergiis gamomuSaveba saaTSi. yuradsaRebia, rom eqspertTa gaTvlebiT, energoefeqturobis zomebis gatareba 10-20%-iT Seamcirebda saqarTvelos damokidebulebas bunebriv airze.

rebs ara mxolod axali generaciis SesaZleblobebisa Tu infrastruqturis reabilitaciis kuTxiT, aramed axali, ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis da energoefeqturobis ganviTarebis gzebs. strategiuli Sefasebis dokumentis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi uzrunvelyofil unda iqned sazogadoebis farTo da samarTliani monawileoba. samwuxarod, nacvlad mTeli energo-seqtoris ganviTarebis garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefasebis Catarebisa, energetikis saministro amgvar Sefasebas atarebs calkeuli mdinaris auzisTvis, rac moklebulia racionalur azrs da ver mogvcems iseT informacias, romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli iqneba informirebuli gadawyvetilebis miReba. rCeba STabeWdileba, rom aseTi kvlevebi ufro gankuTvnilia donorebisa Tu garemosdaciTi organizaciebis winaSe `qulebis Casawerad~.

6. gamWvirvaloba da sazogadoebis monawileoba

ogorc aRvniSneT, JNA-s momzadebisa da prioritetebis gansazRvris procesi sruliad daxuruli aRmoCnda samoqalaqo sazogadoebisaTvis. Tavad dokumenti (arasruli saxiT) xelmisawvdomi gaxda mxolod konferenciis Catarebamde erTi dRiT adre1.

`saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaleoba saqarTvelos~ gancxadebiT, `dokumenti Seiqmna da gadaisinja ise, rom saqarTvelos ganviTarebis strategiebis SemuSavebis procesSi saqarTvelos parlaments, politikur partiebs, kvleviT organizaciebs, interesTa jgufebs da medias aranairi monawileoba ar miuRiaT. dokumentis gasaidumloebis gamo parlaments da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis jgufebs ar aqvT SesaZlebloba, efeqturad miiRon monawileoba imis ganxilvaSi, Tu rogor unda ganawildes daxmareba, rogor unda ganxorcieldes es procesi da ra saxis monitoringi unda dawesdes masze... ..is [JNA] ar wardgenila parlamentSi gansaxilvelad an dasamtkiceblad. Sedegad, Semcirda daxmarebis miRebis procesSi angariSvaldebulebis principis dacvis SesaZlebloba da Sesustda parlamentis sazedamxedvelo roli.~ 1

msoflio bankis TanamSromelTa gancxadebiT, saqarTvelos mTavrobis moTxovna iyo dokumentis konfidencialurad momzadeba da mxolod konferenciis monawileTa Soris gavrceleba.

`saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaleoba saqarTvelos~ gancxadebis sawinaaRmdegod, EBRD-is prezidenti Tomas mirouvi mwvane alternativasTvis gamogzavnil werilSi1 wers, rom EBRD, sxva saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebTan erTad, ganagrZobs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis jgufebTan diskusiebSi monawileobas, iseve rogorc es moxda JNA-is momzadebis SemTxvevaSi. ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam garkveuli qmedebebi ganaxorciela gamWvirvalobis gazrdis kuTxiT; magaliTisTvis, finansTa saministrom Tavis veb-gverdze ganaTavsa monacemTa baza, romelSic asaxulia briuselis konferencis Sedegad damtkicebuli da gadmoricxuli Tanxebi, agreTve, ganaTavsa is saerTaSoriso xelSekrebulebebi, romlebic iTvaliswineben sabiujeto daxmarebas. finansTa ministris moadgile batoni dimitri gvindaZe regularulad axdens dainteresebuli samoqalaqo organizaciebis informirebas. mniSvnelovania, rom 2009 wlis martSi evrokomisiam sajaro gaxada is pirobebi, romelTa safuZvelzec saqarTvelos mTavrobas gadaecema gazrdili daxmareba. gamomdinare iqidan, rom saerTaSoriso daxmarebis sakmaod didi nawili modis infrastruqturul da energetikul proeqtebze, umniSvnelovanesia rom saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da saqarTvelom mTavrobam farTo dialogi awarmoon sazogadoebasTan da adgilobriv 1

EBRD-is prezidentis 2009 w. 29 ivlisis energoseqtoris proeqtebTan dakavSirebuli werili mwvane alternativasadmi.

mosaxleobasTan. samwuxarod, kvlav rCeba saerTaSoriso daxmarebis gamWvirvaleobis, CarTulobisa da damoukidebeli monitoringis ganxorcielebis problema konkretul proeqtebTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom gzS procedurebis dawyebamde mTavrobas ukve gadawyvetili aqvs onisa da xudonis hes-ebis aSeneba, miuxedavad imisa, rom bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba jer ar Catarebula. orive SemTxvevaSi, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba sastikad ewinaaRmdegeba didi hes-ebis mSeneblobas sakuTar regionSi. xudonis proeqti moiTxovs soflebis wyliT dafarvas da adamianebis gadasaxlebas. orive regionis (zemo svaneTi da raWa) mosaxleobas ukve miRebuli aqvs samwuxaro gamocdileba da icis, Tu ra uaryofiTi gavlena axlavs Tan did kaSxalebs (engur-hesi svaneTSi da Saoris wyalsacavi raWaSi). maT ician, Tu rogor icvleba mikro-klimati da rogor moqmedebs es maT janmrTelobaze, yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebaze, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT kulturuli memkvidreobisTvis miyenebul zianze. vaziani-gombori-Telavis avtomagistralis proeqtis Sesaxeb Zalze mwiri warmodgena hqondaT proeqtis uSualo gavlenis qveS myofi soflebis (ujarma, paldo, oTaraanTi, sasadilo, gombori) macxovreblebs. maT icodnen proeqtis arsebobis Sesaxeb, magram mxolod mwvane alternativas warmomadgenlebisgan Seityves, rom SeeZloT proeqtis Taobaze SeniSvnebis wardgena. maT ar hqondaT informacia dagegmili sajaro ganxilvebis Sesaxeb 52

da Sesabamisad, arc proeqtTan dakavSirebul dokumentacias flobdnen. mwvane alternativasTan Sexvedrebis Semdeg, informaciis simciris miuxedavad, maT gamoTqves survili monawileoba mieRoT sajaro ganxilvaSi, xolo mosaxleobis nawilma (sof. ujarma), miuxedavad imisa, rom gamgeobis warmomadgeneli cdilobda gavlenis moxdebas, sakuTari mosazrebebi da damokidebuleba proeqtis Sesaxeb werilobiT dafiqsira da miawoda sagzao departaments1. sazogadoebis informirebisa da monawileobis komponenti veraviTar kritikas ver uZlebs aWaris SemovliTi gzis proeqtis SemTxvevaSi. proeqtis dokumentacia momzadda mxolod inglisur enaze, amdenad adgilobrivi mosaxleoba da xelisufleba moklebulia misi safuZvlianad ganxilvis SesaZleblobas. dResdReobiT, SeiZ1

rac Seexeba Tavad proeqts, misi momzadeba seriozuli proceduruli (igulisxmeba msoflio bankis procedurebi, romelTa Tanaxmad, is warmoadgenda A kategoriis proeqts) mimdinareobda. ar iyo dasabuTebuli proeqtis warmodgenili saxiT ganxorcielebis saWiroeba (saavtomobilo gzis derefnis siganis 20 metramde, xolo miwis vakisis siganis 10.5 metramde gafarToeba, oTxi axali xidis mSenebloba, betonis teqnologiis gamoyeneba). proeqtis konsultantebis mier ar moxda proeqtis iseTi alternativis Seswavla, rogoricaa arsebuli dazianebuli gzis reabilitacia, gafarToebis gareSe. es sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri iqneboda gzis im monakveTebze, romlebic kveTen soflebs da uzrunvelyofda mosaxleobis aranebayoflobiT gansaxlebis Tavidan acilebas da Seamcirebda proeqtis Rirebulebas. rogorc SemdgomSi aRmoCnda, msoflio bankis SeniSvnebis Sinaarsi daemTxva mwvane alternativas komentarebs. Sedegad, bankma uari Tqva am saxiT warmodgenili proeqtis dafinansebaze, ise, rom saqme sajaro ganxilvamdec ar mivida.

leba iTqvas, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, ZiriTadad, mxars uWers proeqts, vinaidan arsebobs seriozuli kompensaciebis miRebis molodini, Tumca savaraudoa, rom proeqtis ganxorcielebis dawyebisTanave mosaxleobis kompensaciis sakiTxi problemuri gaxdeba. am konteqstSi, mniSvnelovania gavixsenoT 2009 wlis aprilSi ADB-is usafrTxoebis jgufis sastumro `metexSi~ moxseneba gakeTebuli (Sexvedraze wardgenili iyo ADB-is garemosdacviTi da socialuri politikebi), sadac man araerTxel aRniSna, rom bankis mier mxardaWerili proeqtebis farglebSi kompensaciebis gacemisas, aucilebeli iqneba Raribebisa da kriminalebis erTmaneTisgan garCeva (?!). proeqtis `myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTva aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi~ ganxorcielebas Zalze ewinaaRmdegeba adgilobrivi mosaxleoba. proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli sanitaruli nagavsayrelis uSualo gavlenis qveS moqceuli soflebis _ xalis, Caisubnis da daba Caqvis mosaxleoba acxadebs, rom nagavsayrelis siaxlove uaryofiTad aisaxeba maT janmrTelobasa da ekonomikur mdgomareobaze. maTTvis dasvenebasa da turizmze orientirebuli biznesi Semosavlis erT-erT ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens, xolo soflebis teritoriaze ganlagebuli nagavsayreli, romelic aWaris sanapiro zolSi mdebare dasaxlebebs unda moemsaxuros, aramimzidvels gaxdis maT dasaxlebebs damsvenebelTa da turistebisTvis, aseve uaryofiTad imoqmedebs uZravi qonebis fasze. amis Taobaze maT koleqtiuri werilebiTac ki mimarTes saqarTvelos prezidentsa da saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomares. 54

daskvna da rekomendaciebi amrigad, 2008 wlis agvistoSi ruseTis samxedro agresiis Sedegad saqarTvelos bunebisTvis miyenebuli zianis kompensaciisa da saerTaSoriso daxmarebebiT dafinansebuli proeqtebis garemoze zegavlenis zogadi Sefasebisas gamoikveTa Semdegi problemebi: , arasrulyofilad ganxorcielda ruseTis samxedro agresiis Sedegad garemoze miyenebuli zianis da sakompensacio RonisZiebebis sakiTxebis Seswavla; , ver moxerxda samxedro agresiis Sedegad garemoze miyenebuli zianis faqtebis gamoyeneba ruseTis winaaRmdeg saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi sanqciebis dawesebis moTxovnisaTvis; , saWiroebaTa Sefasebis dokumentSi omis Sedegad dazianebuli garemos reabilitaciisaTvis saWiro Tanxa ganisazRvra mxolod 7 milioni aSS dolariT, Tumca realurad, arc am odenobis dafinanseba yofila gamoyofili donorebis mier; dReisaTvis ar mimdinareobs dazianebuli ekosistemebis aRdgenis arcerTi proeqti; , finansTa saministros mier gamoqveynebul dokumentebSi, 4.55 miliardi dolaris saerTaSoriso daxmarebaSi garemos dacvisaTvis dafiqsirebuli Tanxa (5 milioni evro KfW granti) aranair kavSirSi ar aris 2008 wlis agvistos omTan da misi Sedegebis likvidaciasTan; , saerTaSoriso daxmarebisaTvis wardgenili sagzao infrastruqturisa da energo-seqtoris proeqtebis 55

garemoze zemoqmedebis masStabi Zalze didia da SeiZleba Seuqcevadi ziani miayenos qveynis bunebriv garemos da kulturul memkvidreobas, uaryofiTad aisaxos proeqtebis zegavlenis qveS moqceuli mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobaze. am zegavlenis damabalansebeli proeqtebi ki ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli donorTa daxmarebebSi; mTavroba cdilobs ruseTis agresiis Sedegebis salikvidaciod gamoyofili dafinanseba gamiyenos samxedro agresiis Sedegad yvelaze metad dazianebuli daculi teritoriis _ borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis saziano proeqtis dasafinanseblad; omis Sedegad dazaralebuli mosaxleobis gadaudebeli saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis mizniT xe-tyis mopoveba moxda kanonmdeblobis seriozuli darRvevebiT, ramac resursebis ganadgureba gamoiwvia da SesaZlebelia gasul welze ufro masStaburi tyis xanZrebis mizezi gaxdes; saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba ver uzrunvelyofs garemosdacviTi da socialuri safrTxeebis Semcirebas/ Tavidan acilebas. saxelmwifo instituciebi an ar arian mzad, an ar gaaCniaT neba, rom gaiTvaliswinon garemosdacviTi da socialuri safrTxeebi; saqarTveloSi praqtikulad ar mimdinareobs garemos mdgomareobis monitoringi, bunebrivi resursebis inventarizacia, garemosdacviTi kontroli, aseve tyis biologiuri dacvis, aRdgena-gaSenebis, tyis xanZrebis da stiqiuri geologiuri movlenebis prevenciis RonisZiebebi;

, ar arsebobs gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis informirebisa da monawileobis meqanizmebi. Zalze dabalia sazogadoebis garemosdacviTi cnobierebac, aseve codna ama Tu im saqmianobis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli janmrTelobisa da socialuri riskebis Sesaxeb. sazogadoebis CarTulobaze moqmedebs aseve garemosdacviTi uflebadamcveli, â&#x20AC;&#x17E;voCdogi~ organizaciebis nakleboba. amrigad, problemaTa zogadi analizi safuZvels gvaZlevs ganvacxadoT, rom saqarTvelos omisSemdgomi reabilitaciisaTvis

gamoyofili

finansuri

daxmareba

jerjerobiT ar xmardeba omis Sedegad dazianebuli ekosistemebis reabilitacias; ufro metic, am daxmarebis farglebSi dafinansebulma proeqtebma SeiZleba kidev ufro gaaZlieron qveynis bunebrivi garemos degradacia, rac saboloo jamSi aisaxeba mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobaze. am tendenciebis Sesamcireblad da arsebuli problemebis mosagvareblad, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia: , saqarTvelos parlamentma da mTavrobam, garemosdacviTi instrumentebis gaZlierebisa da sazogadoebis CarTulobis gaumjobesebis mizniT, ganaxorcielon cvlilebebi sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemdebare normatiul aqtebSi, raTa moxdes gzS proceduris daxvewa da saerTaSoriso konvenciebTan da SeTanxmebebTan, aseve evrokavSiris direqtivebTan SesabamisobaSi 57

moyvana1. unda aRdges sazogadoebis informirebisa da gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi monawileobis uzrunvelyofis meqanizmebi, romlebic 2005 wels gauqmda; gaZlierdes garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros roli bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis sakiTxSi, daixvewos licenziebiTa da nebarTvebiT gansazRvruli garemosdacviTi valdebulebebi da gamkacrdes maT Sesrulebaze kontroli; donorebma yuradReba unda mimarTon saxelmwifo instituciebis SesaZleblobaTa gaZlierebisaken, bunebrivi resursebis inventarizaciis, garemos monitoringisa da garemosdacviTi kontrolis kuTxiT; dafinansebis prioritetebis gamoyofisas, donorebis mxridan meti yuradReba unda mieqces JNA-Si da OSCE-UNEP-is daskvnaSi mocemul rekomendaciebs omis Sedegad dazianebuli ekosistemebis reabilitaciasTan dakavSirebiT. aseve, sagangebo yuradReba mieqces tyis xanZrebis prevencisaa da masTan brZolisaTvis qveynis SesaZleblobaTa gaZlierebis RonisZiebebs; dauyovnebliv unda daiwyos dazaralebuli mosaxleobis gadaudebeli saWiroebebis dakmayofilebisTvis xe-tyis damzadebis adgilebSi tyis narCenebisgan gawmendisa da xanZrebis prevenciis kuTxiT samuSaoebi. erTis mxriv, saqarTvelo ar aris evrokavSiris wevri da ar moeTxoveba misi direqtivebis Sesruleba. amasTanave, normatiuli aqtebis proeqtebis ganmartebiT baraTSi savaldebuloa mieTiTos, rom is ar ewinaaRmdegeba evrokavSiris direqtivebs. amasTanave, am direqtivebTan SesabamisobaSi qveynis procedurebis moyvana niSnavs, gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi saukeTeso praqtikis danergvas.

, mdinareebidan inertuli masalebis mopovebis Sedegad garemoze miyenebuli zianis kompensaciisa da stiqiuri movlenebis prevenciis mizniT, aucilebelia donorebisa da saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebis mier moxdes mdinareebis napirsamagri samuSaoebis dafinanseba1 aseve mdinaris faunis reabilitaciis/Tevzis resursebis aRdgenis xelSewyobis proeqtebi. aseve, gadaudeblad aucilebelia saqarTveloSi inertuli masalebis mopovebis garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefasebis Catareba. , infrastruqturuli proeqtebis Sedegad garemoze miyenebuli zianis dasabalanseblad, saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da donorebma unda daiwyon garemosdacviTi (konservaciuli) proeqtebis ganxorcieleba (mag., es SeiZleba iyos omisa da infrastruqturuli proeqtebis gavlenis qveS moqceuli daculi teritoriebis SesaZleblobaTa gaZliereba, konservaciuli centrebis da genofondis rezervatebis xelSewyoba da sxv.). , saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da saqarTvelos mTavrobam dauyovnebliv unda daiwyon qveynis energetikis seqtoris ganviTarebis bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefaseba; , aucilebelia, rom saqarTvelosTvis gamoyofilma daxmareba ara mxolod omisgan miyenebuli zaralis 1

garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros informaciiT, 2009 wels napirsamagri samuSaoebis Catarebaze saxelmwifo biujetidan ukve 8,5 milioni lari daixarja, rac 5-jer aRemateba gasul wels daxarjul Tanxas www.moe.gov.ge.

anazRaurebas, aramed ufro grZelvadian miznebs _ qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebasa da mis evroatlantikur struqturebSi integracias Seuwyos xeli. amis misaRwevad donorebma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcion samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da Tavisufali mediis, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis ganviTarebas. donorebma mxari unda dauWron sazogadoebis garemosdacviTi cnobierebis amaRlebis, garemosTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi CarTvis, sazogadoebrivi monitoringisa da advokatirebis proeqtebs. amasTanave, gansakuTrebiT saWiroa, rom gaTvaliswinebul iqnes baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis proeqtis dros miRebuli gamocdileba, rodesac Tavad saqmianobis ganmaxorcieleblebi qmnidnen e.w. monitoringis jgufebs/koaliciebs. am jgufebis arsebobam ar gamoiwvia arc samoqalaqo seqtoris ganviTareba da arc garemos da socialuri dacvis meqanizmebis gaumjobeseba. maTi saqmianoba ZiriTadad mimarTuli iyo mTavrobisa da bTj proeqtis ganmaxorcielebelTaTvis arasasurvel, `voCdog~ organizaciebTan dasapirispireblad. amdenad, interesTa konfliqtis prevenciisa da e.w. `gongoebis1~ waxalisebisgan Tavis aridebis mizniT, ar SeiZleba rom saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma, donorma qveynebma da organizaciebma dauSvan, erTi da igive wyarodan rogorc proeqtis, ise misi `damoukidebeli~ monitoringis dafinanseba. 1

`gongo~ (GoGNO â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Governmental NGO) _ mTavrobis marTuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebi.

, saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da donorma qveynebma meti yuradReba unda miaqcion saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier moTxovnili proeqtebis saWiroebis dasabuTebas; yuradReba unda gamaxvildes imaze, Tu ra dadebiT zegavlenas iqoniebs es proeqtebi qveynis ekonomikaze, ramdenad iqneba SesaZlebeli ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis meSveobiT maTze daxarjuli kreditebis gastumreba da ramdenad gavrceldeba proeqtebis dadebiTi efeqti uSualod proeqtis zegavlenis qveS moqceuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis yofaze. am ukanasknelis xelSewyobisaTvis, kargi iqneboda Tundac iseTi proeqtebis dafinanseba, rogorebicaa mcire biznesis xelSewyoba reabilitirebuli gzebis mimdebared mcxovrebi mosaxleobisaTvis. , saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebma da donorma qveynebma yuradReba unda miaqcion im faqts, rom briuselis donorTa konferenciis Sedegad saerTod ar finansdeba, an naklebad finansdeba, garemosdacviTi da socialuri TvalsazrisiT iseTi misaRebi proeqtebi, rogoricaa soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, mcire hesebis ganviTareba da sxv. imeds, gamovTqvamT, saqarTvelos mTavroba, aseve saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebi da donori qveynebi ganaxorcieleben qmedebebs, romlebic ar Semoifargleba mxolod zemoT CamoTvlili rekomendaciebiT, raTa saqarTvelos omisSemdgomi reabilitaciisaTvis gamoyofili Tanxebis xarjvisas gaumjobesdes qveynis mosaxleobis interesebis gaTvaliswinebis xarisxi da Semcirdeba ekosistemebis degradaciis tendencia. amasTan, aucilebelia 61

dialogi donorebs, xelisuflebasa da sazogadoebas Soris informirebuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebisaTvis. arsebuli saWiroebebisa da Sesabamisi xarjviTi prioritetebis gansazRvraSi aqtiurad unda monawileobdnen dazaralebuli Temebi, adgilobrivi mTavroba, arasamTavroboebi, eqspertebi da profesiuli jgufebi. maT unda hqondeT gadamwyveti xmis ufleba dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis etapebze, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli sxadasxva kognituri miznebis mqone jgufebis interesebis gatareba.

Semoklebebi ADB _ aziis ganviTarebis banki EBRD _ evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki EC _ evrokomisia EIB _ evropis sainvesticio banki ENVSEC (Environment Security Initiative) _ garemos dacvisa da usafrTxoebis iniciativa IFC _ saerTaSoriso safinanso korporacia JNA _ saWiroebaTa erToblivi Sefasebis dokumenti KfW _ germaniis rekonstruqciis banki NATO _ Crdilo atlantikis xelSekrulebis organizacia OSCE _ evropis uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis organizacia (euTo) REC _ centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis regionuli garemosdacviTi centri TJS (The Transboundary Joint Secretariat) _ gaerTianebuli transasazRvro sekretariati UNDP _ gaeros ganviTarebis programa UNECE _ gaeros ekonomikuri komisia evropaSi UNEP _ gaeros garemosdacviTi programa 63

sociacia mwvane alternativa arasamTavrobo arakomerciuli organizaciaa, romelic daarsda 2000 wels. mwvane alternativas misiaa saqarTvelos garemos, biologiuri da kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva ekonomikurad xelsayreli da socialurad misaRebi alternativebis xelSewyobis gziT, garemosdacviTi da socialuri samarTlianobis principebis damkvidrebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobis saSualebiT. daarsebis dRidan organizacia monitorings uwevs saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebis saqmianobas saqarTveloSi; garda amisa, organizacia muSaobs iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: garemosdacviTi politikisa da instrumentebis gaumjobeseba, biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba, energetika/klimatis cvlileba da siRaribis daZleva, saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis procesSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis garemosdacviTi, socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebis dacva, xe-tyis aralegaluri Wris da veluri florisa da faunis nimuSebiT ukanono vaWrobis aRkveTa, garemosdacviTi informaciis xelmisawvdomobisa da mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis srulfasovani CarTvis xelSewyoba. asociacia mwvane alternativa TanamSromlobs arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise mis farglebs gareT. 2001 wels mwvane alternativam saqarTvelos sxva wamyvan adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan erTad daafuZna saqarTveloSi siRaribis Semcirebis strategiis SemuSavebaze damkvirebelTa qseli. 2002 wlidan mwvane alternativa monitorings uwevs baqo-Tbilisijeihanis navTobsadenis proeqtis ganxorcielebas, mis Sesabamisobas saerTaSoriso safinanso korporaciisa da evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis politikasa da saxelmZRvanelo principebTan, proeqtis zegavlenas adgilobriv mosaxleobasa da garemoze. 2005 wlidan organizacia aris evropis samezoblo politikis samoqmedo gegmis monitoringis koaliciis wevri. 2006 wels mwvane alternativam safuZveli Cauyara tyis damoukidebeli monitoringis qsels. asociacia aris centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi bankebis saqmianobaze damkvirvebelTa qselis wevri (CEE Bankwatch Network); mWidrod TanamSromlobs dedamiwis megobrebis saerTaSoriso federaciasTan, klimatis cvlilebis centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qselTan, mdgradi energetikis saerTaSoriso qselTan, sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso da erovnul garemosdacviT, socialur da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebze momuSave organizaciebTan; mwvane alternativa aris koaliciis "gamWvirvale saerTaSoriso daxmareba saqarTvelosTvis" wevri, romelic daarsda 2008 wels. 2009 wlidan mwvane alternativa iwyebs "saqarTvelos samoqalaqo qseli garemosdacviTi da socialuri samarTlianobisaTvis" Camoyalibebas (Georgian Advocacy Network for Environmental and Social Justice). 2004 wels mwvane alternativa dajildovda goldmanis garemosdacviTi fondis priziT baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenis kampaniis farglebSi garemos dacvis, socialuri samarTlianobisa da TanasworobisaTvis ganxorcielebuli warmatebuli saqmianobisaTvis. asociacia mwvane alternativa misamarTi: yifSiZis 5a, IV sadarbazo, VII sarTuli, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo safosto misamarTi: WavWavaZis gamz. 62, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo tel: +995 32 22 16 04 faqsi: + 995 32 22 38 74 www.greenalt.org