Gagoshidze D. Bronze Patera from the Palace of Dedoplis Gora

David Gagoshidze Georgian National Museum (Georgia, Tbilisi)

Bronze Patera from the Palace of Dedoplis Gora

Summary

In 2019, archaeological excavations revealed a bronze patera south of room N 27 of the palace of Dedoplis Gora, in the so-called “open space”. The bowl of the patera is damaged by strong fire. Only the handle decorated with flutes and ending with a sculptural image of a ram’s head with twisted horns has been preserved in good condition.

Only fifteen paterae of Roman period are known in Georgia and they belong to one of the most mass-produced items made in south-Italian (Campagne) bronze workshops (except for two paterae from “Tsikhisdziri hoard”). They were extensively produced in the first century and early second century. In typological terms, the patera from Dedoplis Gora belongs to the so-called “Canterbury” type.

Most of the paterae discovered on the territory of Georgia are part of grave goods, while the two ones found in the palace of Dedoplis Gora represent an exception.

Paterae are usually revealed together with pitchers, which is predictable given their function. Scholars paid attention to the fact that many monuments depict religious servants holding a patera and a pitcher. It provided basis to suggest that the patera is a vessel used in the ritual of offering. According to M. Ivashenko, the paterae and the pitchers discovered together were used for washing hands before feasts. This suggestion, which implies both sacral and “secular” functions of the patera, is supported by the third-fourth cent. murals discovered in Bulgaria, which depicts the morning routine of a dignitary and a servant holding a pitcher and a patera-like vessel. The discovery in the palace of Dedoplis Gora provides another evidence for this suggestion.

Apparently, the practice of ritual handwashing in Georgia was common in the Roman period and it is presumable that this practice was adopted by Georgians from the Greeks as early as in the Achaemenid epoch, which is documented by the facts of discovering Achaemenid and post-Achaemenid period paterae in Vani, Dablagomi and Takhtidziri.

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tabulebis aRweriloba

I. 1. dedoflis gora, dronis foto; 2. dedoflis goris sasaxle. gengegma. II. 1. dedoflis goris sasaxlis # 27 oTaxi da Ria sivrce. dronis foto; 2. brinjaos patera dedoflis goris sasaxlidan.

Illustrations:

I. 1. Dedoplis Gora, Drone photo; 2. Dedoplis Gora Palace. General Plan. II. 1. Dedoplis Gora Palace: room # 27 and “open space”. Drone photo; 2. Bronze Patera form

Dedoplis Gora Palace.

I

II

giorgi gogoWuri, vaxtang SatberaSvili saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi (saqarTvelo, Tbilisi)

moxatuli keramika norios namosaxlaridan

2018 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis oTar lorTqifaniZis saxelobis arqeologiuri kvlevebis institutis eqspediciam Seiswavla norios antikuri xanis namosaxlari (xelmZR. g. gogoWuri). gaTxrebis mizans warmoadgenda dasavleTis mimarTulebis saeqsporto milsadenis seqciuri cvlilebebis proeqtis (WREP SRP) mimdinareobis dros miwis samuSaoebisas gamovlenil arqeologiur obieqtze gadarCeniTi arqeologiuri kvlevebis Catareba. namosaxlari mdebareobs gardabnis municipalitetSi, sofel norios dasavleTiT. konkretulad, ki loWinisa da gldanis xeobis gamyofi ianlos qedis dasavleT ferdobze arsebul aRmosavleTidan dasavleTiT mimarTul, 4 kilometris sigrZis qedze. nasoflari ganTavsebulia qedis centraluri nawilis samxreTiT damxrobil, daterasebul ferdobze da aRmosavleTidan dasavleTiT 650 m-zea gadaWimuli. aRsaniSnavia, rom igi akontrolebs sakmaod did teritorias (dasaxlebidan moCans rogorc mcxeTis Semogareni, ise Tbilisis mTeli tafobi), agreTve, masTan axlos gadis Tbilisis dRevandeli Semosavleli gza, romlis nawili emTxveva ivrisa da aragvis xeobebis damakavSirebel istoriul gzas. savaraudoa, rom norios antikuri xanis namosaxlaris sakmaod didi masStabi, swored am gzis maxloblad misi mdebareobis damsaxureba unda iyos. Zeglze aRmoCnda 36 naxevradmiwuri, qvatexilebiT nagebi da Tixa-miwiT Semtkicebuli, banursaxuraviani nageboba da nagebobis naSTi. saxlebSi gamoikveTa puris sacxobi Rumelebi, sakurTxevlebi, damxmare saTavsebi, sameurneo daniSnulebis xaroebi Tu ormoebi. Zegli erTfeniania. eqspediciam moipova mravalferovani da mravalricxovani masala (keramika, liToni, mina, Zvali, qva), ris mixedviTac ganisazRvra TariRi - Zv.w. IV-III ss1 .

Zeglze mikvleuli uxviMmasalidan amjerad gamovyofT da ganvixilavT moxatul keramikas, rac, TavisTavad, erT-erTi saintereso monapovari da amave dros, epoqis damaxasiaTebeli niSanicaa. aqve unda vTqvaT, rom namosaxlarze aRmoCenili moxatuli keramika, Tavisi mravalferovnebiTacaa gamorCeuli _ gvxvdeba rogorc monoqromuli (wiTlad, TeTrad da Savad moxatuli), ise poliqromuli nimuSebi. qarTlis teritoriaze moxatuli keramika xelmeored (adre da Suabrinjaos xanebis Semdeg) gvianaqemenidur xanaSi gamoCnda da Zv.w. IV-III

1. giorgi gogoWuri, vaxtang SatberaSvili,N`norios antikuri xanis namosaxlarze 2018 wels Catarebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis mokle angariSi~, 2018 wels Catarebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis mokle angariSebis krebuli, (Tbilisi, 2019), 333-334.

saukuneebSi imdenad gavrcelda, rom am periods moxatuli keramikis xanasac uwodeben2.Aaq Seswavlil araerT Zeglze, aRniSnuli epoqis sxva masalasTan erTad, moxatuli keramikis mravali nimuSic aRmoCnda (samadlo, ufliscixe, cixiagora, Teladgori, Savsaydara, taxtiZiri, daWrilebi, eco da sxv.). unda iTqvas, rom Zv.w. IV-III saukuneebis moxatuli keramikis absoluturi umravlesoba monoqromulia da wiTeli saRebaviTaa moxatuli. paralelurad gvxvdeba TeTri, koncentruli xazebiT moxatuli WurWelic. iSviaTia Savi saRebaviT moxatuli Tixis WurWeli. poliqromuli keramika warmodgenilia sul ramdenime nimuSiT nastakisidan da cixiagoradan, romelzec datanili ornamenti Savi, wiTeli da TeTri saRebaviTaa Sesrulebuli3 . wiTlad moxatuli keramika. Zeglze aRmoCenilia wiTlad an mowiTalo-moyavifrod moxatuli Tixis WurWlis 102 fragmenti. maTi umetesoba maRali xarisxisaa, dafarulia gamWvirvale angobiT da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ar Camouvardeba iseTi centrebidan momdinare masalas, rogoricaa cixiagora, samadlo, taxtiZiri, daWrilebi da sxv. aseTi WurWlis umravlesoba fragmentuladaa SemorCenili da maTi stilisturi maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb msjeloba SeuZlebelia, Tumca ramdenime egzemplari amis saSualebas iZleva da Sesabamisad, qronologiuri CarCoebis gansazRvracaa SesaZlebeli. samkuTxedebiT moxatuli keramika. aseTi moxatuloba, rogorc wesi,^datanilia WurWlis gaprialebul da angobirebul zedapirze. dekoris mTavar detals warmoadgens samkuTxedebi, romlebic xSirad sxva ornamentTan (badisebri, Tevzifxuri, zigzagebi, horizontaluri xazebi, wertilebi) kombinaciaSi gvxvdeba. samkuTxedebi Casmulia horizontalur xazebs Soris4 . norios doqebis fragmentebze gvxvdeba erTmaneTSi Caxatuli samkuTxedebi (tab. I1), agreTve badisebri ornamentiT Sevsebuli, wveriT zemoT mimarTuli samkuTxedebi (tab. I4). TiTqmis mTlianad SemorCenili doqi (tab. I2) Semkulia wveriT zemoT mimarTuli samkuTxedebiT, romlebSic Casmulia erTmaneTSi Caxatuli samkuTxedebi, maT Soris sivrce ki, wertilebiTaa Sevsebuli. samkuTxedebi zemodan da qvemodan Semofarglulia horizontuli xazebiT. aseTive ornamenti aqvs kidev erT fragments (tab. I3). aRsaniSnavia mcire zomis qoTani (tab. I7), romlis tani msgavsi ornamentiTaa Semkuli, piri ki talRisebri ornamentiT aqvs dafaruli.

2. Юлон Гагошидзе, Самадло, археологические раскопки, (Тбилиси, 1979), 90. 3. goderZi narimaniSvili, vaxtang SatberaSvili, `Zv.w. V-I saukuneebis wiTlad moxatuli keramika qarTlidan (stilisturi analizi,^ qronologia)~,’Ziebani # 9, (Tbilisi, 2002), 55. 4. narimaniSvili, SatberaSvili, `Zv.w. V-I saukuneebis wiTlad moxatuli keramika qarTlidan~, 56.

wveriT zemoT mimarTuli samkuTxedebiT moxatuli WurWeli gvxvdeba abulmugis #25, kuSCis # 36, ecos7, varsimaanTkaris samarxebSi8 da sxv9. am moxatulobis gaCenis savaraudo TariRad SeiZleba miviCnioT Zv.w. IV saukunis pirveli naxevari, misi gavrcelebis ZiriTadi xana ki Zv.w. IV saukunis meore naxevari da IV_III saukuneebis mijna unda iyos10 . mxolod SevronebiT (SeRebili samkuTxedebiT) Semkuli WurWeli Zeglze oria. orive dabali, calyura qoTania, dafarulia gamWvirvale angobiT da moxatulia moyavisfro-mowiTalo saRebaviT (tab. I5,6). msgavsi moxatulobis nivTebi gvxvdeba ecos, marabdis11, Savsaydaras12 da daWrilebis13 samarovnebze. igi emsgavseba samadlos stils,^ magram ar atarebs am stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebel yvela niSans14 da savaraudod, Zv.w. IV-III saukuneebis mijniT TariRdeba. wveriT zemoT mimarTuli SevronebiTaa moxatuli jamis gverdi (tab. II3), romlis qveda nawilze or horizontul xazs Soris Caxatulia zigzagebi. A mniSvnelovania qvevrisa Tu dergis gverdis fragmenti, romelzec moxatulobis WurWlis angobirebul da naprialeb zedapirze datanili ori frizi Cans (tab. II1). zeda frizze gairCeva wveriT qvemoT mimarTuli Sevronebi, romlebsac kideebi wiwvebiT aqvs dafaruli.Qqveda frizze, romelic ori horizontuli zoliTaa gamoyofili, aseTive ornamentTan kombinaciaSi gvxvdeba Tevzifxuri ornamentiT Sevsebuli, nawilobriv Semonaxuli samkuTxedebi. sainteresoa fragmentulad SemonaxuliDdoqi, romlis yeli or frizadaa Semkuli wveriT erTmaneTis sapirispiro mxares, zemoT da qvemoT mimarTuli SevronebiT, xolo maT qvemoT, nawilobriv Semonaxuli naxatia, romelic, wiwvovani ornamentisa Tu irmis rqebis gamosaxulebas unda warmoadgendes (tab. I8). aRwerili moxatuloba samadlos stils miekuTvneba, romelic Semkulia SevronebiT, zoomorfuli, anTropomorfuli figurebiT, geometriuli formebiT. aseTi ornamentiT Semkuli WurWeli samadlos naqalaqarze, zeda (Zv.w. II s)15 da qveda fenebSia aRmoCenili (Zv.w. III s)16. samadlos stilis moxatuloba, sxva ZeglebTan erTad, gvxvdeba mWadijvris gorasa17 da cixiagoraze18 .

5.Mmerab ZnelaZe, abulmugis samarovani. dmanisi, III, (Tbilisi, 2001), 150. tab. VII,. 6. iulon gagoSiZe., `TrialeTis samarovnebi,~ III, (Tbilisi, 1982), 10 tab. II. 7. vaxtang SatberaSvili, `qvemo qarTliQZv.w. IV-I saukuneebSi (arqeologiuri masalis mixedviT)~, sakandidato disertacia, (Tbilisi, 2005), 82. 8.Lleila wiTlanaZe l., `varsimaanTkaris samarovani~, Jinvali I, (Tbilisi, 1983), 59. tab. XX1; Рамин Рамишвили и др., “Археологическое изучение Арагвского ущелья”, ПАИ в 1985 г.,( Тбилиси, 1987), 74-89, tab. CXLII. 9. narimaniSvili, SatberaSvili,Q`Zv.w. V-I saukuneebis wiTlad moxatuli keramika qarTlidan~, 55. 10. narimaniSvili, SatberaSvili, `Zv.w. V-I saukuneebis wiTlad moxatuli keramika qarTlidan~. 11. SatberaSvili, `qvemo qarTli QZv.w. IV-I saukuneebSi”, 74. 12. НиколозТушишвили, СосоМаргишвили, `Алгетскаяэкспедицияв 1987 г.”, ПАИв 1987 г., (Тбилиси, 1995), таб. 30. 13. vera Tolordava, dakrZalvis wesebi elinisturi xanis saqarTveloSi, (Tbilisi, 1983) tab. XXXVII 5. 14. narimaniSvili, SatberaSvili, `Zv.w. V-I saukuneebis wiTlad moxatuli keramika qarTlidan~, 56. 15. Гагошидзе, “Самадло”, каталог, 43-47. 16. Гагошидзе, “Самадло” каталог,.47. 17. Рамишвили и др., “Археологическо еизучение Арагвского ущелья”, таб. CXLIX. 18. Giorgi Zkitishvili, “Der Frühhellenistische Feuertempel von Kavtiskhevi”, Archäologische Anzeiger, (Berlin,1995), 83-98. abb. 9-11.

rogorc zemoT iTqva, Zeglze wiTlad moxatuli WurWlis mravali natexia, romelTa fragmentulobis gamo maT stilistur analizs ver SevudgebiT (tab. IV). nawilobriv Semonaxuli, pirgadaSlili da mrgvaltaniani doqis (tab. III5) zedapiri gamWvirvale angobiTaa dafaruli. wiTeli saRebaviTaa SeRebili misi pir-yeli (garedan da Sida mxridan) da yuris nawili. gamWvirvale angobiTaa dafaruli da wiTeli saRebaviT datanili horizontuli zolebiTaa Semkuli jamebis (tab. III1,4) da dergebis (tab. III2,3) fragmentebi. am artefaqtebis Semkuloba e.w. `kazreTis stilis~ moxatul keramikas ekuTvnis. aseTi moxatuli WurWlis gavrcelebis ZiriTadiDperiodi gvianelinisturi xanaa19 da maTTvis, norios egzemplarebisagan gansxvavebiT (romlebic mogluvebuli da angobiani zedapiriT gamoirCeva), damaxasiaTebelia uxeSi, uangobo zedapiri.Aamitomac, es WurWelic Zeglis arsebobis ZiriTad qronologiur CarCoSi – Zv.w. IV-III saukuneebSi jdeba. qarTlis teritoriaze wiTlad moxatuli keramikis gaCenisa da savaraudo ucxouri gavlenis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva azria gamoTqmuli. arsebobs Sexeduleba ioniuri20, frigiuli21, iranuli22 moxatuli keramikis gavlenis Sesaxeb, ganxilulia urTierToba iranis ardebilis tipisa da samkuTxedebiT moxatul keramikasTan23. aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom wiTlad da moyavisfrod moxatuli, badisebri ornamentiT Sevsebuli samkuTxedebiTa da SevronebiT Semkulia altinTefesa (Cimim Tefe I) da Cimim Tefe II-ze (aqemeniduri xana)24 , hasanlus fena III a-Si (Zv.w. III saukunis dasawyisi)25 , ianik Tefeze (gvianaqemeniduri anadreparTuli xana)26 mopovebuli masala, romelic Zalze gavs qarTlis wiTlad moxatul keramikas.

TeTri angobiT moxatuli keramika. Zeglze aRmoCnda TeTri angobiT moxatuli Tixis WurWlis 491 fragmenti. maTi absoluturi umravlesoba Txeli, mkvrivkeciania, moCalisfrod an Ria yavisfradaa gamomwvari da moyavisfro, Txeli angobiTaa dafaruli. aseTi WurWeli ZiriTadad warmodgenilia doqebiT, dergebiTa da qoTnebiT. TeTri angobiT datanili ornamenti martivia: rogorc wesi, aq horizontuli, paraleluri zolebi da maTTan erTad, xSirad TeTrive angobiT dafaruli, amoRaruli, talRovani xazebia datanili; maTTan kombinaciaSi xSiria iribi naWdevebic (tab. V, VI).

19. narimaniSvili, SatberaSvili, `Zv.w. V-I saukuneebis wiTlad moxatuli keramika qarTlidan~, 56. 20. daviT xaxutaiSvili, ., `ufliscixe I~, (Tbilisi, 1964), 111. 21. Гагошидзе, “Самадло” каталог, 91. 22. Гагошидзе, “Самадло” каталог. 23. Годeрдзи Нариманишвили, “Керамика Картли V-I вв. до н.э.”, (Тбилиси, 1990),73-74. 24. Geoffrey D. Summers, “Archaeological evidence for the Achaemenid period in Eastern Turkey”, Anatolian Studies, Journal of the British institute of Archaeology at Ankara vol. 43 (1993 ) 98- 123; fig. 6,7. 25. Robert H. Dyson Jr. “The Achaemenid painted pottery of Hasanlu III a”, Anatolian Studies, Vol. 49,Anatolian Iron Ages 4. Proceedings of the Fourth Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Mersin, 19-23 May 1997 (1999) 101-110. 26. Geoffrey D. Summers and Charles A. Burney, Late Iron Age pottery from northwestwern Iran: the evidence from YanikTepe, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Suppplement 39, Anatolian Iron Ages 7, The proceedings of the seventh Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium held at Edirne, 19-24 April, , (Leuven - Paris – Walpole 2010), 271-72.

miCneulia, rom Tixis WurWlis TeTri angobiT moxatvis tradicia kaxeTidanaa gavrcelebuli. TeTri angobiT moxatuli keramika kaxeTSi gamoCenas iwyebs Zv.w. IV saukunidan da ax.w. IV saukunemde ganagrZobs arsebobas. kaxeTis teritoriaze aRmoCenili elinisturi xanis WurWeli gamoirCeva formebisa da moxatvis mxriv simetriulobiTa da daxvewilobiT, xolo axali welTaRricxvis pirveli saukuneebis WurWeli daudevradaa damzadebuli da moxatuli27 . qarTlSi aseTi keramika Zv.w. IV-I saukuneebSi gvxvdeba28. iTvleba, rom TeTri angobiT moxatuli WurWeli qarTlSi kaxeTidanaa gavrcelebuli29. am azrs iziarebs g. narimaniSvili da aRniSnavs, rom TeTri angobiT moxatuli WurWeli kaxeTis sameTuneo centrebidan qarTlSi vrceldeboda Zv.w. IV saukunis meore naxevarsa da III saukunis dasawyisSi, xolo adgilze mxolod Zv.w. II-I saukunis pirvelnaxevarSi mzaddeboda30 . qarTlis antikuri xanis arqeologiur obieqtebze TeTri angobiT moxatuli WurWeli gvxvdeba samadloze31, cixiagoras III samSeneblo doneze32 , RarTiskarsa da nataxtarSi33, grZel mindorze34, nastakisSi35, ufliscixeSi36, didubeSi37 da sxv. TeTri angobiT moxatuli Tixis nawarmi cnobilia saCxeridan, sabadurisgoris gvianelinisturi xanis fenidan, rac qarTlidan Setaniladaa miCneuli38. daraqois namosaxlarze wiTeli saRebaviT moxatul WurWelTan erTad gvxvdeba TeTri angobiT moxatuli keramikac39. samadlos TeTri angobiT moxatul WurWelze dakvirvebis Sedegad i.gagoSiZe mivida im daskvnamde, rom am saxis keramikas axasiaTebs ornamentis datanis mkacrad dadgenili zonebi. koncentruli TeTri zolebiT dafarulia WurWlis an mTeli korpusi, an mxolod zeda nawili. amokawruli mkrTali dekori mdebareobs yelis fuZesTan an mxrebze. keci, rogorc wesi, mkvrivia,

27. Константин Пицхелаури., “Памятники второй половины 1 тысячелетия до н.э. на территории Кахетии”. - СА №3, (1977) 228. 28. goderZi narimaniSvili, `aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Zv.w. VII – ax.w. VII ss keramika, nawili II~, iberia-kolxeTi # 14, (Tbilisi, 2018), 109. 29. Пицхелаури, “Памятники второй половины I тысячелетия до н.э. на территории Кахетии”; Гагошидзе, “Самадло, археологические раскопки”. 30. narimaniSvili, `aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Zv.w. VII – ax.w. VII ss keramika, nawili II~, 109 31. Гагошидзе, “Самадло, археологические раскопки”. 32. zurab maxaraZe, `axali aRmoCenebi cixiagoraze~,^Ziebani #4 (Tbilisi, 1999),^57, tab. III4,13; IV4. 33. Нариманишвили, “Керамика КартлиV-I вв. до н.э.”, 81. 34. Алексей Бохочадзе, “Раскопки на територии городища Саркине и Грдезли Миндори”, ПАИ в 1976 г, (Тбилиси, 1979), 110. 35. Алексей Бохочадзе, Нинo Мирианашвили, “Основные итоги работ Настакисской археологической экспдиции в 1975-79 гг”. Археологические исследования на новостройках Грузинскои ССР. Т II, (Тбилиси,1982), 111-123. 36. daviT xaxutaiSvili, ufliscixe, II, (Tbilisi, 1970), 146. 37. domenti qoriZe, Tbilisis arqeologiuri Zeglebi, (Tbilisi, 1958), 65. 38.Ggiorgi maxaraZe, laSa laSxi, `sairxis elinisturi xanis keramika (sabaduris goris arqeologiuri masalis mixedviT)~, saqarTvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumis narkvevebi. (Tbilisi, 1997). 58. sur. XXXII. 39. goderZi narimaniSvili, `daraqois namosaxlari da samxreT kavkasiis aqemeniduri xanis istoriis zogierTi sakiTxi~, iberia-kolxeTi # 5, (Tbilisi, 2009), 94, 101, 102.

gadanatexze ZiriTadad yviTeli an movardisfroa, kargadaa ganleqili da rac mTavaria, WurWeli gamomwvaria saucxood. garda amisa, mas axasiaTebs Sidapiris uswormasworoba (WurWels mTel Sidapirze etyoba Zerwvis dros darCenili TiTebis (?) nakvalevi), maSin rodesac zedapiri idealurad swori da gluvia40. aqve davamatebT, rom is niSnebi, rac samadlos TeTri angobiT moxatul keramikas axasiaTebs, rogorc Cans, saerToa TeTri angobiT moxatuli WurWlisaTvis. amis Tqmis safuZvels gvaZlevs ilmazlos samarxebisa da norios nasaxlaris WurWelze Cveni dakvirvebac. WurWlis aRniSnuli maxasiaTeblebi Sesaloa am saxeobis nawarmis erTi sawarmoo centridan warmomavlobaze mianiSnebdes41 .

Savi saRebaviT moxatuli keramika. Zeglze aRmoCnda Savi saRebaviT moxatuli, Tixis 5 WurWlis fragmenti. nagebobebs gareT aRmoCenilDdidi zomis WurWelze, savaraudod dergebsa Tu qvevrebze, ornamenti datanilia mosworebul, uangobo zedapirze.NaseTi mozrdili WurWlis natexebze, wre (tab. VII4), erTmaneTis gadamkveTi or-ori paraleluri xazi (tab. VII3) da horizontuli zolebia. erTi dergis pir-yelis fragmenti Savi saRebavis talRovani, horizontuli zoliTaa dafaruli (tab. VII5). .# 6 nagebobaSi, wiTelangobiani qoTnis pir-yelisa da gverdis fragmentia, romlis yelze Savi saRebavis horizontuli zoliT dafaruli, odnav SesamCnevi, amokawruli talRovani ornamentia (tab. VII6) datanili.

Savi feris saRebaviT moxatuli, monoqromuli keramika antikuri xanis saqarTvelosaTvis naklebadaa damaxasiaTebeli. igi urbnisis naqalaqaris Zv.w. IV-III saukuneebis fenidan42 da didubeSi SemTxveviT aRmoCenili masalebidanaa43 cnobili. poliqromuli keramika. Zeglze poliqromuli Tixis WurWlis ori fragmenti aRmoCnda. #15 nagebobaSi mikvleul gverdisa da yelis fragments, yelze iribi naWdevebi aqvs, nivTis zedapiri gamWvirvale angobiTaa dafaruli. naWdevebs qvemoT, mxarze TeTri angobiTaa datanili horizontuli zolebi. WurWlis ornamentireba dausrulebiaT uxeSad dadebuli Savi saRebaviT gamosaxuli, wveriT qvemoT mimarTuli samkuTxedebiT (tab. VII2). kidev erTi poliqromuli WurWlis, savaraudod dergis fragmentis mxari Semkulia talRovani, amokawruli horizontuli zoliT, romlis qvemoT Savi saRebaviT ori paraleluri xazia gavlebuli. talRovan ornamentsa da Sav zolebs Soris moCans TeTri angobis zolebi (tab. VII1). rogorc zemoT ukve iTqva, qarTlis Zv.w. IV-III saukuneebis moxatuli keramikis absoluturi umravlesoba monoqromulia da wiTeli saRebaviTaa moxatuli. paralelurad gvxvdeba TeTri, koncentruli xazebiT moxatuli WurWelic. iSviaTia Savi saRebaviT moxatuli Tixis WurWeli. rac Seexeba po-

40 . Гагошидзе, “Самадло, археологические раскопки”, 80. 41.Ggiorgi gogoWuri, `antikuri xanis masalebi marneulis municipalitetidan~, iberia-kolxeTi, # 15, (Tbilisi, 2019), 107-141. 42.Llevan WilaSvili, naqalaqari urbnisi, (Tbilisi, 1964), 42, sur. 16. 43. qoriZe, Tbilisis arqeologiuri Zeglebi, 47, 61 tab IX, sur 8.

liqromul keramikas, igi warmodgenilia sul ramdenime nimuSiT nastakisidan da cixiagoradan, romelzec datanili ornamenti Savi, wiTeli da TeTri saRebaviTaa Sesrulebuli. amitomac, Savad da poliqromulad moxatuli WurWlis Sesaxeb, misi mcire raodenobis gamo, detalurad ver vimsjelebT. imedia, momavali gaTxrebis Sedegebi Savad da poliqromulad moxatuli WurWlis axal nimuSebs mogvcems, rac mkvlevarebs saSualebas miscems, ukeT Seiswavlon maTi stilisturi Taviseburebebi, qronologiuri CarCoebi da sxv.