Mindiashvili G. For the Archaeological Study of Lechkhumi

Giorgi Mindiashvili Georgian National Museum, (Georgia, Tbilisi)

For the Archaeological Study of Lechkhumi

Summary

In 1979, the group of archaeologists of Chalcolith-Early Bronze research department of the Center of Archaeological Studies (Georgian Academy of Sciences) worked in one of provinces of Georgia, Lechkhumi (Rioni and Tskenistskali gorges).

According to the material obtained at 22 sites of Lechkhumi, we can say that the discovery of materials belonging to Stone Age, Developed Iron and Classical periods are relatively frequent. The Samdzimiis Gora and Datvanishi settlements should be especially noted, where cultural layers contain a large amount of archaeological material and the presence of construction structures is also observed.

Of special interest is the fragment of clay vessel with a black-polished surface made of local clay and technology with the relief depiction of a warrior (fig.VII) from Datvanishi settlement, which has no analogies in Georgian Material. It should be noted that the Datvanishi settlement was damaged during the landslide. Conducting of rescue excavations at this site is very important and also promising in terms of expected discoveries.

tabulebis aRweriloba:

I. 1. samZimiis gora, sof. dRnorisa; 2. `nacixvari~, sof. derCsa da dRnorisas TavSi, samZimiis gorasTan; II. 1. koSki, sof. qoreniSi; 2. lexidari, `nacixvari~; III. 1. keramikuli masala da rkinis namgali (17) samZimiis goridan, sof. dRnorisa; 2. masala saqariis namosaxlaridan, sof. derCi; 3. keramika da brinjaos samajuris fragmenti (4) sof. nakuraleSidan; 4. keramika lexidris nacixvaridan (1-7); 5. keramika bJonaridan (1,2); 6. Zvlis kviristavi (1) da keramika uJnaridan; IV. 1. kaJisa da obsidianis (SuaSi) masala boseladan; 2. kaJis masala sof. nakuraleSidan da boyervanidan (3) sof. derCTan; 4. qva anatkecebis kvaliT (negativebiT) nalofinevidan; 5. kaJis iaraRebi xvamlis mTidan; 6. kaJis masala bJonaridan; V. yorRanis dromosis msgavsi konstruqcia sadazvervo Txrilidan, adgili `nasaxlari~, sof. Sua aRvi (foto, gegma da Wrili); VI. namosaxlari daTvaniSi, xedi sof. qveda cageridan, samxreT-aRmosavleTidan; keramikuli masala namosaxlar daTvaniSidan; VII. Tixis WurWlis fragmenti meomris reliefuri gamosaxulebiT (foto da grafika), daTvaniSi, namosaxlari. sof. qveda cageri. cageris municipaliteti.

Illustrations:

I. 1. “Samdzimiis gora”, v. Dgnorisa; 2. “Natsikhvari” (former fortress), near the “Samdzimiis gora”, at the beginning of villages Derchi and Dgnorisa; II. 1. Tower, the v. Qorenishi; 2. Lekhidari, “Natsikhvari” (former fortress); III. 1. Pottery and iron sickle (17) Samdzimiis gora, the v. Dgnorisa; 2. The material from Saqaria settlement, the v. Derchi; 3. Pottery and the fragment of bronze bracelet (4)from the v.

Nakuraleshi; 4. Pottery from Lekhidari “Natsikhvari” (former fortress) (1-7); 5. Pottery from Bjhonari (1,2); 6. Bone spindle-weight (1) and pottery from Ujhnari; IV. 1. Flint and obsidian (in the middle) material from Bosela; 2. Flint material from the v.

Nakuraleshi and Bokervani (3) near the v. Derchi; 4. The stone with traces of flake (photo negatives) from Nalopinevi; 5. Flint tools from Khvamli mountain; 6. Flint material from

Bjhonari; V. The Kurgan Dromos-like constructon from the trial trench, place ” Nasakhlari”, the v. Shua

Aghvi (photo, plan and section); VI. Datvanishi settlement, view from the v. Qveda Tsageri, from SE; Pottery from Datvanishi settlement; VII. The fragment of clay vessel with the relief depiction of a warrior (photo, drawing), Datvanishi settlement, the v. Qveda Tsageri, Tsageri municipality.

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VII

daviT mindoraSvili, biZina murvaniZe, giorgi gogoWuri saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi (saqarTvelo, Tbilisi)

arqeologiuri Ziebani marneulis municipalitetSi (winaswaruli Sedegebi)

saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis oTar lorTqifaniZis saxelobis arqeologiuri kvlevebis institutis eqspediciam (xelmZR. b. murvaniZe) 2020 wlis martSi dazverviTi samuSaoebi Caatara marneulis municipalitetSi md. mtkvris marjvena napiris CayolebiT rva obieqtze iq, sadac ss ges `saqrusenergo~-s dagegmili hqonda maRali Zabvis eleqtrogadamcemi xazebisaTvis anZebis aRmarTva. sadazvervo samuSaoebi iTvaliswinebda anZebis mSeneblobis adgilebze SesaZlo arqeologiuri obieqtebis gamovlenas da samomavlod maT Seswavlas. eqspediciam velze muSaobis dros ramdenime adgilas daadastura arqeologiuri obieqtis arseboba iq gaWrili sadazvero Txrilebis meSveobiT (tab. I). Txrilebidan momdinare arqeologiuri masala sxvadasxva epoqas ganekuTvneba. qvemo qarTlis es monakveTi arqeologiurad dRemde Seswavlili ar aris, Tu ar CavTvliT 2011 wels saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis oTar lorTqifaniZis arqeologiuri kvlevis centris eqspediciis mier Catarebul samuSaoebs (xelmZR. g. gogoWuri). amitom, winamdebre statiaSi axlad gamovlenili obieqtebis da iq aRmoCenili arqeologiuri masalis winaswaruli Seswavlis Sedegebi warmovadgineT. eqspediciam savele-saZiebo samuSaoebi daiwyo sof. ilmazlos maxloblad, im teritoriaze, sadac erTmaneTis gverdiT unda daidgas maRali Zabvis gadamcemi ori anZa (tab. I1). teritoria warmoadgens mtkvris marjvena napiris SemaRlebul borcvze mikvleuli mravalfeniani namosaxlaris uSualo gagrZelebas. 2011 wels Catarebuli gaTxrebisas borcvze gamovlinda eqvsi sxvadasxva epoqis kulturuli fena, romelTagan jerjerobiT yvelaze adreulia Zv.w. III aTaswleulis Sua xanebiT daTariRebuli sakurTxeveli da sameurneo ormo; Semdeg modis rkinis farTo aTvisebis xanis samarxi. momdevno qronologiuri jgufis samarxebi da ormoebi miekuTvneba antikur xanas; Semdgomi periodis (II-III ss) obieqti warmodgenilia sasaxliT; VIVII ss-s ganekuTvneba ramdenime samarxi; aqve gvxvdeba Sua saukuneebis namosaxlari mravalricxovani ormoebiT1 . samSeneblo farTobi - borcvi, uSualod esazRvreba 2011 wels gaTxril monakveTs da mas gabatonebuli adgili ukavia irgvliv arsebul vrcel teritoriaze (tab. I1). borcvze arqeologiuri obieqtis gavrcelebis sazR-

1. giorgi gogoWuri, nino kalandaZe, mniSvnelovani aRmoCenebi marneulis municipalitetis teritoriaze, saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis moambe, t. IV (49-b), (Tbilisi. 2013), 21.

vrebisa da kulturuli fenebis simZlavris dasadgenad, rva saZiebo Txrili gaiWra namosaxlaris aRmosavleT ferdobsa da mis Txemze (tab. I1). borcvis Txemze gakeTebul #1 TxrilSi gamovlinda alizis daSlili naSTebi, romelTac cecxlis kvali emCneva. aqve gaiwminda wriulganivkveTiani Zelis (diametri 0,16-0,17 m) naSTi (tab. IV1). samxreT-dasavleT kuTxesTan aRmoCnda riyis qvebisgan Sedgenili kedeli2 (tab. IV1). 0,60 m siRrmeze ki gamovlinda aRmosavleT-dasavleT xazze damxrobili ormosamarxi #193 . samarxis nawili gauTxrel farTobSi Sedis. micvalebuli esvena zurgze gaSotili, TaviT dasavleTiT. ConCxis mxolod nawili gaiwminda (tab. IV1). micvalebuli qristianuli wesiTaa dakrZaluli da Sesabamisad is Sua saukuneebis samarxi unda iyos. samarxs CaWrili aqvs ufro adreuli namosaxlaris fena. nawilobriv gawmendis Semdeg, samarxi isev miwiT daifara. samarxis ormos SevsebaSi aRmoCnda qvevris piris natexi, romelzec amoRaruli iyo gaurkveveli niSani (tab. VII11, X1). cxadia, artefaqti samarxze adreulia.

TxrilSi mikvleuli masalis umravlesoba keramikuli nawarmia, romelSic gvxvdeba Rariani da brtyeli kramitis, qvevris, dergis natexebi da sxv. aqve aRmoCnda qvis sxvadasxva zomis sanay-sasresebi. #2 Txrilis aRmosavleT nawilSi 0,40-0,55 m siRrmeze gamovlinda oTxi uinventaro samarxi (tab. IV2). samarxi #20 aRmoCnda Txrilis CrdiloeT kidesTan. 4-5 wlis bavSvi daukrZalavT zurgze, TaviT dasavleTiT4 (tab. IV2). samarxi #21 Txrilis amave nawilSi aRmoCnda. 3-4 wlis micvalebuli dakrZaluli iyo aRmosavleT-dasavleT xazze damxrobil mogrZo ovalur ormoSi5. micvalebuli esvena zurgze, TaviT dasavleTiT (tab. IV2). samarxi #22 aRmoCnda Txrilis samxreT-aRmosavleT kuTxesTan. warmoadgens aRmosavleT-dasavleT xazze damxrobil sworkuTxa ormos6, romelSic aRmoCnda daaxloebiT erTi wlis micvalebulis neknis ori fragmenti (tab. IV2). samarxi #23 gamovlinda #22 samarxidan CrdiloeTiT 0,50 m-is daSorebiT. aq dafiqsirda 4-5 wlis bavSvis Tavis qala (tab. IV2). samarxi ormos da ConCxis nawili Txrilis gareT gadis.

TxrilSi gaiwminda wriuli moyvanilobis (diametri 0,35-0,38 m, siRrme 0,30 m) ormo da riyis qvebiT Sedgenili kedlis fragmenti (tab. IV2). aqve aRmoCnda adreuli da ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis Tixis WurWlis (qvevrebis, doqebis, qoTnebis) da qvis sanayebis fragmentebi. #3 Txrilis samxreT-dasavleT kuTxeSi, 1 m sigrZeze samkuTxediseburad gamoikveTa damwvari fena (tab. V1). Txrilis dasavleT kidesTan 0,45 m siRrmeze aRmoCnda samarxi #24. aRmosavleT-dasavleT xazze damxrobil mogrZo ovalur ormoSi7 marjvena gverdze esvena daaxloebiT 1-2 wlis bavSvi (tab.

2. kedlis xiluli sigrZea 1 m, sigane 0,30 m, simaRle 0,13-0,15 m. 3. samarxebi agrZelebs 2011 wels gaTxrili samarxebis numeracias. samarxis siRrme 0,40 m-ia, sigane 0,45 m, xiluli sigrZe 1,40 m. 4. samarxi ormos zomebi _ sigrZe 0,60 m, sigane 0,30 m, siRrme 0,35 m. 5. samarxi ormos zomebi _ sigrZe 0,60 m, sigane 0,30 m, siRrme 0,15 m. 6. samarxi ormos zomebi _ sigrZe 0,45 m, sigane 0,30 m, siRrme 0,20 m. 7. dasakrZalavi ormos sigrZea 0,50 m, sigane _ 0,20 m.

V1). Txrilis mTel farTobze Cndeboda keramikis natexebi, qvis sanay-sasresebi da obsidianis anatkecebi. #4 Txrilis samxreT-aRmosavleT kuTxesTan aRmoCnda bavSvis Tavis qala _ samarxi #25 (tab. V2). Cans, micvalebuli dakrZaluli iyo aRmosavleT-dasavleT xazze. samarxis didi nawili Txrilis gareT gadis. TxrilSi sxvadasxva simaRleze aRmoCenili masalis umravlesoba keramikaa. aqvea mikvleuli baTqaSis natexebi, qvis sanayebi da wvrilfexa saqonlis Zvlebi. # 5-8 TxrilebSi gamovlinda nacrovan-naxSirovani fena, sadac gaiwminda ormo da riyis qvebisgan Sedgenili kedlis nawili (tab. VI1-4). TxrilebSi aRmoCnda Tixis WurWlisa da kramitis natexebi. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, yvela TxrilSi gamovlinda sxvadasxva periodis kulturuli fenebi, namosaxlaris naSTebisa da samarxebis saxiT. cxadia, aq saqme gvaqvs did teritoriaze ganfenil erTsa da imave mravalfenian namosaxlarTan. namosaxlaris kulturuli fenebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, jer kidev 2011 wels iqna Seswavlili8 . inventaris ar arsebobis gamo samarxTa daTariReba Wirs. rac Seexeba saZiebo TxrilebSi gamovlenil artefaqtebs, isini sxvadasxva periodisaa. Zv.w. I aTaswleulis pirveli naxevris masalebs Soris gvxvdeba pirgaSlili, dabalyeliani qoTnebi, romelTagan zogierTi Semkulia amoRaruli xazebiTa da iribi naWdevebiT (tab. VII1, X2)9 . elinisturi periodis artefaqtebs Soris aRsaniSnavia: qvevrebis da dergebis natexebi (tab. VII2-3, X3-4), TeTri angobis zolebiTa da wiTeli saRebaviT moxatuli qoTnebi (tab. VII4-7,X5-7). TeTrangobiani dakeWnilsartyliani WurWeli (tab. VII8,X8), pirmoyrili da yuriani jamebi (tab. VII9-10,X9-10) da sxv. gvianantikur xanas miekuTvneba moCalisfrod gamomwvari yelwiboiani doqebi (tab. VII12,X11). maTgan zogierTze wiTlad SeRebvis kvalia SemorCenili (tab. VII13,X12). adreuli Sua saukuneebis masalidan aRsaniSnavia Calisferkeciani da mowiTalod gamomwvari xeladebi, luTeriebi, brtyelpiriani jamebi, pirmoyrili qoTnebi, Rariani da brtyeli kramitebi (tab. VII14-24,X13-23)

XII-XIII ss-s ganekuTvneba dakeWnili sartylebiT pirSemkuli qvevrebi (tab. VII25-26,X24-25), qoTnebi, qoTnis sarqveli (tab. VII27-29, X26-28), doqebi (tab. VII30,X29) da sxv. TxrilebSive aRmoCnda qvis sxvadasxva formis salesavebi (tab. VII31-32).

Semdegi ubani, sadac gaTvaliswinebulia kidev ori anZis dadgma, mdebareobs ilmazlos borcvebidan samxreTiT md. mtkvris marjvena napiris farTod gaSlil velze (tab. I2, II1). TxrilebSi sxvadasxva siRrmeze gamovlinda antikuri xanis keramikuli nawarmi. masala ufro meti raodenobiT aRmoCnda sakvlevi teritoriis dasavleT nawilSi gaWril TxrilebSi, romlis aRmosavleTiT SemaRlebul terasaze dafiqsirebulia antikuri xanis namosaxlari.

8. gogoWuri, kalandaZe, mniSvnelovani aRmoCenebi, 18-65; giorgi gogoWuri, antikuri xanis masalebi marneulis municipalitetidan, iberia-kolxeTi, #15, (Tbilisi. 2019), 107-141. 9. grafikuli tabulebi da masalis Canaxatebi Sesrulebulia T. saxvaZis mier.

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom aRniSnuli artefaqtebi arsebuli obieqtidan iyos Camorecxili. ilmazlos velze mxolod antikuri xanis artefaqtebi gvxvdeba. TxrilebSi ar Cans arqeologiuri struqturebi. Tumca, sayuradReboa masala, romelTagan gamoirCeva: sxvadasxva qvevris pirebisa da yel-gverdis natexebi (tab. VII33-37,XI1-3); TeTri angobiT moxatuli keramika (tab. VII38, XI4); wiTlad moxatuli WurWeli (tab. VII39-41, XI5-7); wiTlad SeRebil-naprialebi (tab. VIII1-5,XI8-12),Tu mqisezedapiriani jam-fialebi (tab. VIII6-8,XI13-15); moCalisfrod gamomwvari qoTnebi (tab. VIII9-10, XI16-17); riyis qvis mogrZo sales-saprialebeli (tab. VII42, XI18); sar-lastis anabeWdiani Tixis natexi (tab. VIII11) da sxv. orive°ubanze gamovlenil antikuri xanis arqeologiur masalas mravlad moepoveba analogebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Zv.w. IV-II ss-is Zeglebze. wiTlad moxatuli keramikuli nawarmi cnobilia: aragvis xeobidan10, ufliscixidan11, samadlodan12, cixiagoradan13, mcxeTidan14, qvemo qarTlidan15 da sxv.

Zv.w. IV-III ss-is arqeologiur Zeglebze aseve mravlad gvxvdeba TeTri angobis zolebiT moxatuli keramikis nimuSebi (ufliscixe, Savsaydara I-II, abulmugi, cixiagora, kuSCi, eco, kamaraxevi, asureTi, Tbilisi, norio da sxv.)16 . saintereso masalebi iqna mikvleuli sof. pirvel qesaloSi, md. mtkvris marjvena napiris maRali flatis piras (tab. I3, II2). aRniSnul teritoriaze saZiebo samuSaoebis dawyebamde, flatis WrilSi miwis zedapiridan 2 m siRrmeze Tavidanve Canda 0,20-0,30 m simZlavris damwvari kulturuli fena (tab. II4). Wrilis gawmendisas masSi aRmoCnda lega feris qoTnebis natexebi,

10. aragvis xeobaSi. (Tbilisi. 1983.), tab. XX1; ramin ramiSvili da sxv. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis arqeologiuri eqspedicia, savele-arqeologiuri kvleva-Zieba 1989-1992 wlebSi (mokle angariSebi). (Tbilisi. 2004), 98. 11. daviT xaxutaiSvili, ufliscixe II, 1963-1969 ww. arqeologiuri kvleva-Ziebis Sedegebi. (Tbilisi. 1970), tab. XLI. 12. Юлон Гагошидзе, Самадло (каталог археологического материала). (Тбилиси. 1981), tab. IX105,106,

XIII207,221, XXV318,324-326, XXVI331,333,334. 13. Гиорги Цкитишвили и др. Итоги работ Кавтисхевской археологической экспедиции, Полевые археологические исследования в 1975 году. (Тбилиси. 1979), tab. XXXII, XXXIII. 14. TaTarxan jRarkava, kamaraxevis samarovani, Zv. w. IV-III ss-is samarxeuli kompleqsebi, katalogi, mcxeTa VI, arqeologiuri kvleva-Ziebis Sedegebi (Tbilisi. 1982), kat. #1053, 1094. 15. giorgi lomTaTiZe, arqeologiuri kvleva-Zieba algeTisa da ivris xeobebSi. (Tbilisi. 1989), tab. X194; soso marRiSvili, goderZi narimaniSvili, algeTis xeobis arqeologiuri Zeglebi. (Tbilisi. 2004), tab. LVIII, CLXXXVII. 16. xaxutaiSvili, ufliscixe, tab.2, LIV2; Николай Тушишвили и др. Археологическая экспедиция Алгетского ущелья, Полевые археологические исследования в 1984-85 гг., (Тбилиси. 1987), 34-35; soso marRiSvili, antikuri xanis mdidruli samarxebi algeTis xeobidan (Tbilisi. 1992), 5152; Каха Кахиани, Археологические исследование Машаверского ущелья в 1984-86 гг., Полевые археологические исследования в 1986 г., (Тбилиси. 1991), 54, tab.133; vera Tolordava, dakrZalvis wesebi elinisturi xanis saqarTveloSi (Tbilisi. 1983), 39, tab. XXXV5,9, XXXVI2, XXXVII1; iulon gagoSiZe, TrialeTis samarovnebi, katalogi, III. (Tbilisi. 1982), 52; vaxtang SatberaSvili, `qvemo qarTli Zv. w. IV-I saukuneebSi (arqeologiuri masalis mixedviT)~, sakandidato disertacia (Tbilisi. 2005), tab. XXXIX3-7; jRarkava, kamaraxevis samarovani, sur. 968, 1023, 1033; kiazo kviJinaZe, `adreantikuri xanis Zeglebi samxreT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan~, sakandidato disertacia. (Tbilisi. 1975), 24-32, tab. XII6, XVI2; giorgi gogoWuri da sxv. sof. gldani-norios monakveTze samSeneblo zonaSi gamovlenili antikuri xanis namosaxlarze (CH 453) 2018 wels Catarebuli savele arqeologiuri kvleva-Ziebis angariSi. (Tbilisi. 2019), tab. 128.

romelTagan zogierTi Semkuli iyo iribi naWdevebis sartyeliT (tab. VIII1214,XI19-21). aqve gamovlinda WurWlis zoomorfuli yuri (tab. VIII15,XI22), agreTve legapriala tafismagvari WurWlis pir-yurisa da ZirdakeWnili WurWlis natexi (tab. VIII28-29,XII11-12). rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, flatis WrilSi, CamoTvlil artefaqtebTan erTad, mikvleul iqna satexis qvis yalibi, rac imis utyuari dasturia, rom namosaxlarze meliToneTa saxelosnoc yofila (tab. VIII27,XII10). zemoT aRwerili masalebis Tanadrouli artefaqtebi gamovlinda flatis kididan ramdenime metris daSorebiT gakeTebul #17 TxrilSi. Txrilis qveda fenebSi aRmoCnda lega-moSavo feris keramikuli nawarmi: sadRveblis natexi (tab. VIII16, XII1), amoRaruli xazebiT Semkuli dergebi (tab. VIII17-18 XII2-3), qoTnebi, jami da sxv. (tab. VIII19-26, XII4-9). sainteresoa yalibTan erTad mikvleuli ZirdakeWnili WurWeli (tab. VIII29, XII12). amgvari keramika sakmaod adreul xanaSi Cndeba da arsebobas didxans ganagrZobs. ZirdakeWnili WurWlis nimuSebi aRmoCenilia: cxinvalis nacargoraze17, ufliscixeSi (yaTlanixevi)18, xovles namosaxlarze (V-IV fenebi)19, mcxeTaSi20 da sxv. Zv.w. I aTaswleulis pirveli naxevriT daTariRebul Zeglebze mravlad gvxvdeba agreTve zoomorfulyuriani WurWelic. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa namosaxlarze gamovlenili satexis qvis yalibi. msgavsi yalibebi aRmoCenilia cxinvalis nacargoris II-III fenebSi, romelTa zedaATariRi Tavis droze ganisazRvra I aTaswleulis pirveli naxevriT21. Zv.w. IX-VIII ss-iT daTariRebuli satexis yalibi cnobilia qvemo qarTlidan (ganTiadis samarovani)22 . qvemo qarTli mdidaria wiaRiseuliT, maT Soris spilenZisa da rkinis sabadoebiT. am regionSi metalurgiis araerTi keraa dafiqsirebuli winaantikuri xanidan mokidebuli, vidre XIX s-is dasasrulamde23. sof. pirvel qesalosTan flatis WrilSi aRmoCenili yalibisa da mis siaxloves arsebuli Tixis TaRiseburi formis konstruqciis mixedviT, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom am dasaxlebul punqtSi Zv.w. I aTaswleulis pirvel naxevrSi meliTonis saxelosno arsebula (tab. II2,4). namosaxlaris siaxloves misgan Crdilo-dasavleTiT, flatis Wrilis daTvalierebisas aRmoCnda kulturuli fenebi (tab. II3) da am fenidan Camorecxili artefaqtebi. maT Sorisaa sanelsacxeble (tab. VIII31,XII13), romelsac araerTi analogi moepoveba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gvianantikuri xanis ganaTxar masalaSi _ zemo avWala, kldeeTi, urbnisi, samTavro, Jinvali, dedoflis gora, sadac

17. germane gobejiSvili, staliniris nacargora, mimomxilveli, t. II. 1951. 252, 268. 18. xaxutaiSvili, ufliscixe II, 47, tab. XXI. 19. daviT musxeliSvili, xovles namosaxlaris arqeologiuri masala. (Tbilisi. 1978). tab.

XXXVII392-61-N. 20. aleqsandre kalandaZe, mcxeTis arqeologiuri Zeglebi (uZvelesi droidan Zv. w. I aTaswleulis Sua xanebamde), mcxeTa, t. IV, arqeologiuri kvleva-Ziebis Sedegebi. (Tbilisi. 1980). kat. #261, 282, 284. 21. gobejiSvili, staliniris nacargora, 250, 268-269, tab. VI2, XVII5. 22. gia avaliSvili, qvemo qarTli Zv. w. I aTaswleulis pirvel naxevarSi (Tbilisi. 1974), 39, 54. 23. devi berZeniSvili, narkvevebi saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiidan (qvemo qarTli), nakveTi I. (Tbilisi. 1979), 11-13.

isini ZiriTadad I-II ss-iT TariRdeba24. amave teritoriaze napovnia samtuCa doqi25 (tab. VIII30). amgvari doqebi aRmoCenilia: urbnisSi, JinvalSi, mcxeTaSi, kamaraxevSi, diRmis xeobaSi, TbilisSi da sxv. isini zogadad I-III ss-iT TariRdeba26. sanelsacxeble da samtuCa doqi samarxebidan momdinareobs, rac am teritoriaze gvianantikuri xanis samarovnis arsebobas gvavaraudebinebs. Sesabamisad, aqve axlomaxlo misi Tanadrouli namosaxlaricaa sagulisxmebeli. sof. pirveli qesalos ganapiras, mtkvrisa da algeTis SeerTebis siaxloves, mtkvrispira flatis Wrilis daTvalierebisas, miwis zedapiridan oriode metr siRrmeze dafiqsirda damwvar-danaxSirebuli kulturuli fenis naSTi, romelic sakmaod did manZilze gauyveba flates. Cans, mdinaris marjvena napiris gaswvriv mdebareobda kidev erTi nasaxlari (tab. II5). amave midamoebSi, algeTis marcxena napiris siaxloves Sua saukuneebis Senobis nangrevia. kedlebi nagebia riyis qviTa da aguriT kirxsnarze. Senoba araa eklesia an safortifikacio nageboba (cixe, koSki). savaraudod is saero daniSnulebis obieqti (sasaxle? qarvasla?) unda yofiliyo (tab. III1). sayuradRebo masalebi iqna mikvleuli sof. meore qesalos samxreTiT, mtkvris marjvena napiris maRali qarafis Txemze (tab. I4). aq qarafis WrilSi, daaxloebiT 0,80-1 m siRrmeze Cans alizis agurebiT naSeni nagebobebis naSTebi da kramitebis mravalricxovani fragmentebi (tab. III2). erT-erTi adgilobrivi mosaxlis cnobiT, am dasaxlebis aRmosavleT nawilSi, flatis piras, mdgara qva (stela?), romelic mtkvarSi gadaugdiaT. is mdinareSi dResac devs. imave pirovnebam eqspedicias gadmosca qvis ornamentirebuli natexebi, romlebic yvela niSnis mixedviT, stelis nawilebia (tab. IX). erT natexze gamosaxulia furclovani ornamenti (tab. IX1,3), romelic waagavs qvemo qarTlis adreuli, VI s-is stelebisaTvis (brdaZoris mcire stela, bolnisis stela da sxv.) damaxasiaTebel ornamentul saxeebs27 . ueWvelia, es teritoria ekava adreuli Sua saukuneebis nasoflars, sadac rigi nagebobebi alizis aguriT yofila naSeni da kramitiT gadaxuruli. amrigad, md. mtkvris marjvena napiris gaswvriv Catarebuli dazverviTi samuSaoebis Sedegad eqspediciam aRmoaCina ramdenime arqeologiuri Zegli, romelTa qronologiuri diapazoni sakmaod farToa.

24. sergi makalaTia, 1920-1924 ww. saqarTveloSi aRmoCenili zogierTi nekropolis daTariRebisaTvis, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis moambe. t. IV. 1928. tab. IX3; giorgi lomTaTiZe, kldeeTis samarovani. (Tbilisi. 1957), sur. 51; levan WilaSvili, naqalaqari urbnisi. (Tbilisi. 1964). 51, sur. 273; Михаил Иващенко, Самтаврские погребения первых трех веков н. э., Мцхета, т. 3. (Тбилиси. 1980), sur. 175; vera CixlaZe, Jinvalis samarovani. (Tbilisi. 2016). tab. IV186; mariam saginaSvili, minis WurWeli dedoflis goris sasaxlidan (ax. w. I s. qarTlis samefos sagareoekonomikuri kontaqtebisaTvis), Ziebani, #11. 2003, 86, tab. III1-2. 25. nivTi gagvacno sof. pirveli qesalos mcxovrebma r. mamedovma. 26. WilaSvili, urbnisi, tab. XIII1; CixlaZe, Jinvalis samarovani. tab. II186, VIII342, LXI420, LXII389; Иващенко, Самтаврские погребения. sur. 65; andria afaqiZe da sxv. mcxeTis mudmivmoqmedi arqeologiuri eqspediciis 1975 wlis muSaobis Sedegebi, mcxeTa, t. II. (Tbilisi. 1978), 44, sur. 230, 233; vaxtang nikolaiSvili, antikuri xanis Zeglebi diRmis xeobidan, saqarTvelos arqeologiis sakiTxebi, I. (Tbilisi. 1978), 100, tab. 5771; domenti qoriZe, Tbilisis arqeologiuri Zeglebi, t. II. (Tbilisi. 1958). tab. XII14-15. 27. giorgi javaxiSvili, adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli mcire qandakeba. (Tbilisi. 2014). 12-19.

1. sof. ilmazlosTan arsebul mtkvrispira borcvze gamovlenili arqeologiuri obieqti (tab. I1) nawilia jer kidev 2011 wels aRmoCenili Zeglisa, sadac dafiqsirda eqvsi sxvadasxva epoqis kulturuli fena, Zv.w. III aTaswleulis Sua xanebidan moyolebuli vidre Sua saukuneebis CaTvliT28 . 2. sof. ilmazlosTan farTod gaSlil velze, saZiebo TxrilebSi aRmoCnda elinisturi xanis keramika, romelic aqve, SemaRlebul adgilze arsebuli nasaxlaris gagrZelebas unda warmoadgendes. aRniSnuli nasaxlaris arseboba jer kidev 2011 wels dafiqsirda (tab. I2, II1). 3. sof. pirvel qesalosTan, rogorc saZiebo TxrilebSi, ise flatis WrilSi arsebul kulturul fenaSi aRmoCnda keramikuli nawarmi, romelic Zv. w. I aTaswleulis pirveli naxevriT TariRdeba (tab. I3, II2,4, VIII12-26, 28-29, XII11-12). gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania aqve, flatis WrilSi, gaSiSvlebul kulturul fenaSi aRmoCenili satexis qvis yalibi (tab. VIII27, XII10). udavoa, rom pirvel qesalosTan gamovlenili kulturuli fenebis saxiT saqme gvaqvs qvemo qarTlis Zv. w. I aTaswleulis pirveli naxevris dasaxlebasTan, sadac meliToneTa saxelosnoc unda arsebuliyo. 4. sof. pirveli qesalos siaxloves, flatis Wrilidan Camorecxili sanelsacxeble da doqi (tab. II3, VIII30-31, XII13), imaze metyvelebs, rom am midamoebSi I-III ss-is samarovani, mis axlomaxlo ki Tanadrouli nasaxlari arsebobda. 5. md. algeTisa da mtkvris SesarTavis siaxloves, mtkvris marjvena napirze flatis WrilSi mikvleul iqna damwvar-danaxSirebuli kulturuli fena, romelic namosaxlars ekuTvnis (tab. II5). am etapze nasaxlaris konkretuli TariRis gansazRvra ver xerxdeba. 6. amave midamoebSi, md. algeTis marcxena napirze dafiqsirda Sua saukuneebis mozrdili nagebobis nangrevi (tab. III1). 7. sof. meore qesalos ganapiras, samxreTiT, mdinarispira qarafis WrilSi gamovlinda aliziT nagebi da kramitiT gadaxuruli adreuli Sua saukuneebis Senobebis (nasoflaris) naSTi (tab. III2). amave nasoflaridan momdinareobs stelis natexebi (tab. IX). sakuTriv stela amJamad mtkvarSia gadagdebuli. amrigad, md. mtkvris marjvena napirze (samSeneblo zonaSi) eqspediciam daafiqsira Svidi arqeologiuri obieqti, romelTa qronologiuri diapazoni farToa. Zeglebis aseTi intensiuri ganlageba mtkvris marjvena napiris CayolebiT, SemTxveviTi araa. mtkvris marjvena napiris gaswvriv uZvelesi nasaxlarebis gaCena ganpirobebuli iyo am midamoebis didi ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebiT. dasaxlebuli punqtebis gaswvriv TandaTan formirdeboda gza, romelic Semdgom mniSvnelovan saerTaSoriso magistralad Camoyalibda. am gzis Sesaxeb ukve straboni aRniSnavda Tavis naSromSi _ `xolo armeniidan Semosasvleli aris mtkvris viwroebze da aragosisaze. vidre erTmaneTs SeerTvis es mdinareebi. im adgilas mdebareobs gamagrebuli qalaqebi kldeebze ... mtkvarze mdebareobs harmozike, xolo meoreze – sevsamora. am Semosasv-

28. gogoWuri, kalandaZe, mniSvnelovani aRmoCenebi, 18-65.

lelebiT pirvelad isargebla pompeusma, romelic armeniidan modioda, xolo amis Semdeg kanidiusma~29. rogorc vnaxeT, iberiaSi Semosasvleli erT-erTi gza swored mtkvris napirs miuyveboda. aseTi mniSvnelovani magistralis gaswvriv savsebiT bunebrivia sxvadasxva periodis nasaxlarebis simravle winaantikuri xanidan moyolebuli, Sua saukuneebis CaTvliT. gzis gaswvriv mdebare zemoT ganxiluli nasaxlarebi aqtiurad unda yofiliyo Cabmuli saerTaSoriso savaWro-ekonimikur da kulturul urTierTobebSi.

29. TinaTin yauxCiSvili, strabonis geografia. (Tbilisi. 1957), 129.