on Kura-Araxes Culture Ceramic Ware

Ketevan Tamazashvili Georgian National museum (Georgia, Tbilisi)

Images of Metal Objects on Kura-Araxes Culture Ceramic Ware

Ceramic ware produced in Kura-Araxes culture is very various and is distinguished with diverse ornamental images. Vessels of different use and shape are adorned as with simple decoration ornaments, but also images with specific ideological meaning. Ceramics are decorated with relief, grooved and scratched images or symbols; painted ware is confirmed rarely. Images represent anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and geometric decorations. Metal object images are very distinguished as they are very seldom found on Kura-Araxes culture ware.

Different types of tools and weapons made from metals are confirmed on archaeological sites of Kura-Araxes culture in Early Bronze Age; metal jewelry is also produced in that period. Three types of metal objects are represented on ceramic ware: 1. Dagger; 2. Double-volute pins; 3. Axe pendant. 1. Dagger image (tab. II-8) is confirmed on a pot fragment, which was found at Kvatskhela settlement, in C1 layer1. This image fully repeats the shape of bronze dagger found in Sachkhere kurgan2 (tab. II-9). The Image of a dagger can be found on the ceramic ware not only in Kura-Araxes culture, but also at the sites of later period. For example, big vessel with a dagger image is found in Middle Bronze Age layer at Arslantepe (Turkey). In near eastern mythologies spear, dagger and axe were representing symbolic images of different deities. Such deity-dagger is known from the bas-relief of Yazilikaya. According to the Hittite ritual texts, group of underground deities were represented as dagger3 . 2. Images of double-volute pins are confirmed on the ceramic vessels found at Garni settlement (tab. I-5)4 and at Dangreuli Gora5. Representations of such pins are depicted on the clay plaque at Kura-Araxes site of Gegharot6. Relief image of a pin was also confirmed on a clay plaque (tab I-8), which was found on Kura-Araxes building floor at Samshvilde, excavated by Trialeti Archaeological Expedition in 20207. Such pins made from metals are widely confirmed at the EBA archaeological sites in Caucasus (tab. I-4) and Near East. Double-Volute is considered to be a symbol of a supreme deity8 . 3. Images of axe-shaped pendants are confirmed on the clay vessel found at Kvatskhela settlement (tab. I-1-3, 6-7), also on ceramics discovered at EBA sites from Kvemo Kartli (Dangreuli Gora) and Armenia (Karnut)9. Such ornament is depicted on the clay vessel found in

1. aleqsandre javaxiSvili da lili Rlonti, urbnisi I, (Tbilisi, 1962), 188. 2. oTar jafariZe, saqarTvelos istoriis saTaveebTan, (Tbilisi, 2003), 114. 3. Оливер Герни. Хетты. (Москва, 1987), 177-180. 4. Эмма Ханзадян, Гарни IV, (Ереван, 1960), 76. 5. qvemo qarTlis arqeologiuri eqspediciis Sedegebi, (Tbilisi, 1975), 56. 6. Ruben Badalyan and Armine Harutyunyan, A preliminary report on the 2008, 2010, and 2011 investigations of Project ArAGATS on the Tsaghkahovit Plain, Republic of Armenia, in Archaölogische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan , band 46, issue by Sven Hansen and Mayke Wagner (Berlin, 2014). 160, fig 10-1. 7. Drawing by Inga Esvanjia. Trialeti Archaeological Expedition 2020 8. nino SanSaSvili, mtkvar-araqsis kulturis erTi ornamentis interpretaciisaTvis. (Tbilisi, 1997), 12 9. Телемак Хачатрян, Древняя культура Ширака, (Ереван, 1975).

the Kura-Araxes grave found at miners’ settlement in Dzedzvebi10. Axe shaped metal pendants (tab. II-4-5) are found at Amirani Gora, Kvatskhela and Gegharot11, gold pendant was found at Shengavit (tab. II-3). Massive gold pendant was also found in Ananauri Kurgan (tab. II-2). According to Nino Shanshashvili such pendants is a symbolic representation of an axe, which was personifying a deity12. It is very peculiar that the axes which are confirmed on ceramic ware or are represented as miniature shape – pendants, are not found at Kura-Araxes sites, they are found only in later period. Axes found in Bedeni and Karashamb Kurgans (tab II-1) and at Artik cemetery (tab. II-6) are quite small, more further ones found in Bedeni and Karashamb kurgans are made from a silver and as it seems they represented insignias. Deity Tushub from Boghaz-Koi relief is holding such axe (tab. II-7).

According to T. Chubinishvili and K. Kushnarova rapid development of metallurgy in Kura-Araxes culture provoked creation of new category symbols. Ceramic vessels were decorated with images of different metal objects. Such images functionally are very close to the miniature simulations of metal sickles, axes and hoes13. Metal objects depicted on Kura-Araxes ceramic ware bear specific semantic meaning. Ceramic production with such ornamentation might have been a sacred vessels sacrificed to specific deities. In any case, decorating vessels with metal objects had defined aim, presenting believes of that time society.

10. Irina Gambashidze and Thomas Stöllner, The Gold of Sakdrissi –Man’s first gold mining enterprice (Bochum, 2016), 85, 152. 11. irina RambaSiZe da sxva, uZvelesi metalurgia da samTo saqme saqarTveloSi. (Tbilisi, 2010), 192, tab. 020. 12. nino SanSaSvili, mtkvar-araqsis kulturis Zeglebi TrialeTidan, baqo-Tbilisi-jeihani- samxreT kavkasiis milsadeni da arqeologia saqarTveloSi, (Tbilis, 2010), 150. 13. Карина Кушнарёва и Тариел Чубинишвили, Древние культуры Южного Кавказа. (Ленинград, 1970), 167.

bibliografia:

qvemo qarTlis arqeologiuri eqspediciis Sedegebi. Tbilisi. 1975. RambaSiZe, irina; mindiaSvili, giorgi; gogoWuri, giorgi; kaxiani, kaxa; jafari-

Ze, irakli. uZvelesi metalurgia da samTo saqme saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi. 2010. SanSaSvili, nino. mtkvar-araqsis kulturis erTi ornamentis interpretaciisaTvis. Tbilisi. 1997 SanSaSvili, nino. `mtkvar-araqsis kulturis Zeglebi TrialeTidan~. baqo-Tbilisi-jeihani, samxreT kavkasiis milsadeni da arqeologia saqarTvelo-

Si. Tbilisi. 2010. javaxiSvili, aleqsandre; Rlonti, lili. urbnisi I. Tbilisi. 1962. jafariZe, oTar. saqarTvelos istoriis saTaveebTan. Tbilisi. 2003.

Badalyan, Ruben; Smith, Adam T.; Lindsay, Ian; Harutyunyan, Armine; Greene, Alan;

Marshall, Maureen; Monahan, Belinda; Hovsepyandam, Roman. A preliminary report on the 2008, 2010, and 2011 investigations of Project ArAGATS on the Tsaghkahovit Plain,

Republic of Armenia, in Archaölogische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan, band 46. Issue by

Sven Hansen and Mayke Wagner, Berlin. 2014. Gambashidze, Irina; Stöllner, Thomas; The Gold of Sakdrissi –Man’s first gold mining enterprice, Bochum. 2016. Герни, Оливер. Хетты. Москва. 1987. Кушнарёва, Карина; Чубинишвили, Тариел. Древние культуры Южного Кавказа.

Ленинград. 1970. Ханзадян, Эмма. Гарни IV. Ереван. 1960. Хачатрян, Телемак. Древняя культура Ширака. Ереван. 1975.

tabulebis aRweriloba:

I. 1. Tixis WurWeli, dangreuli gora; 2. Tixis WurWeli, yaiTmazi; 3. Tixis

WurWeli, dangreuli gora; 4. orvolutiani sakinZi, qvacxelas namosaxlari; 5. sakinZis gamosaxuleba Tixis WurWlis natexze, garni (somxe-

Ti); 6. sakidis gamosaxuleba Tixis WurWlis natexze, ariWi (somxeTi); 7. sakidis gamosaxuleba Tixis WurWlis natexze, karnuti (somxeTi); 8. sakinZis gamosaxuleba Tixis dekoratiul firfitaze, samSvilde, (Canaxati inga esvanjiasi). II. 1. culi, yaraSambis yorRani (somxeTi); 2. oqros gulsakidi, ananauris yorRani; 3. oqros gulsakidi, SengaviTi (somxeTi); 4. sakidi, amiranis gora; 5. sakidi geRarotidan (somxeTi); 6. miniaturuli culi arTikidan (somxeTi); 7. RvTaebis gamosaxuleba, boRas-qoi (TurqeTi); 8. satevris gamosaxuleba, qvacxelas namosaxlari; 9. satevari, saCxeris yorRani.

Illustrations:

I - 1. Clay vessel, Dangreuli Gora; 2. Clay vessel, Khaitmazi; 3. Clay vessel, Dangreuli Gora; 4.

Double-volute pin, Kvatskhela settlement; 5. Pin image on ceramic sherd, Garni (Armenia); 6. Pin image on ceramic sherd, Arichi (Armenia); 7. Pendant image on ceramic sherd, Karnut (Armenia); 8. Pin image on clay plaque, Samshvilde, drawing by Inga Esvanjia. II – 1. Axe, Karashamb Kurgan (Armenia); 2. Gold pendant, Ananauri kurgan; 3. Gold pendant,

Shengavit (Armenia); 4. Pin, Amiranis Gora; 5. Pin, Gegharot (Armenia); 6. Miniature axe from Artik (Armenia); 7. Deity from Boghaz-Koi (Turkey); 8. Dagger image, Kvatskhela settlement; 9. Dagger, Sachkhere Kurgan.

I

II

darejan kaWarava saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi (saqarTvelo, Tbilisi)

brinjaos WurWeli vanis #24 samarxidan

#24 samarxi vanis naqalaqaris zeda terasaze aRmoCnda 2004 wlis savele kampaniis dros. is Sedis samarxebis im jgufSi, romelic IV samlocvelos ukavSirdeba1. samarxi Zv.w. IV saukunis meore naxevars miekuTvneba. masSi gamoikveTa mTavari micvalebuli da misi Tanmxlebi pirebi, romelTa raodenoba oTxs aRwevs. mTavari micvalebuli gamoirCeva samarxSi centraluri mdebareobiTac da mdidruli inventariTac. sxva nivTebTan erTad mas Catanebuli hqonda sxvadasxva masalisgan damzadebuli WurWeli. maTgan sami brinjaosia, warmodgenili fialiT, langriTa da oinoxoiT. isini erTad aRmoCnda mTavari micvalebulis TavTan mdebare inventaris grovaSi (tab. 1). brinjaos fiala (muz. #13-2007/3, tab. 2, 1; 3, 2) araa Rrma. is brtyelZiraa, gamoberilgverdebiani, sada piriskidiani; centrSi omfalosi aqvs (dm – 21 sm, simaRle – 4,6 sm). fiala sadaa, ar aris ornamentirebuli. is miekuTvneba e.w. berZnuli tipis fialis umartives saxes2. saerTodac am tipis fialebi upiratesad sadaa, Tumca gvxvdeba ornamentirebuli nimuSebic, rogoricaa, magaliTad, vercxlis ori fiala spinadan, daculi metropoliten muzeumSi da daTariRebuli Zv.w. IV saukunis dasawyisiT, agreTve oqros fiala panagiuriStes ganZidan, daculi plovdivis muzeumSi3 . fialebi, rogorc e.w. berZnuli tipis, aseve aqemeniduri, xSirad gvxvdeba samarxebSi, rogorc dasavleT, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. kerZod, sakuTriv vanSi oqrosa da vercxlis fialebi aRmoCnda #6 samarxSi4, vercxlis fialebi – #3 (qalis) samarxSi5 da #22 samarxSi6, brinjaos fiala –N#13 samarxSi7, xolo #24 samarxSi CvenTvis saintereso brinjaos fialis garda xuTi vercxlis fiala dadasturda. vanis garda, fialebis samarxebSi Catane-

1. darejan kaWarava, sulxan xarabaZe, „axladaRmoCenili samarxebi vanidan, I nawili (gaZarculi samarxebi),” iberia-kolxeTi, 9 (2014), 28-42; darejan kaWarava, sulxan xarabaZe, „axladaRmoCenili samarxebi vanidan, II nawili (#22 samarxi),~ iberia-kolxeTi 14 (2018), 5-63. 2. Donald. E. Strong, Greek and Roman gold and silver plate (London, 1966), 57. 3. L’oro dei greci (1992), 265, cat. NN 133-134; 280, cat. N 1561; Клады фракийцев, Каталог выставки (Варна, 2006), 135, кат. N 95. 4. rusudan fuTuriZe, nino xoStaria, ana Wyonia, „vanis naqalaqaris Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi 1961-1963 wlebSi Catarebuli arqeologiuri Txris Sedegebi”, vani I (Tbilisi: „mecniereba“, 1972), 116, sur. 55, 58, 59. 5. Нина В. Хоштариа, „О раскопках на вершине холма”, vani IV (Tbilisi: „mecniereba“, 1979), 119, 123-127, sur. 199-203; nana maTiaSvili, „liTonis WurWeli,” vani III (Tbilisi: „mecniereba“, 1977), 104-107. 6. kaWarava, xarabaZe, „axladaRmoCenili samarxebi vanidan, II nawili,” 20-21, tab. 2. 7. darejan kaWarava, oTar lorTqifaniZe, rusudan fuTuriZe, guram yifiani, „arqeologiuri gaTxrebi vanis naqalaqaris zeda terasaze (1970-1977 ww.),” vani IV (Tbilisi: „mecniereba”, 1979), 7-37, 78, N№491; maTiaSvili, „liTonis WurWeli”, 107, sur. 103.

bis wesi aRiniSneba dablagomSi (vercxlis)8, sairxeSi (brinjaos da vercxlis)9, iTxvisSi10, fiWvnarSi (vercxlis)11, axvil-abaaSi (vercxlis)12, axalgorSi (vercxlis)13, kavTisxevis sayaraulo serze (vercxlis)14, yanCaeTSi15 , algeTis winwyaroSi (minis)16, Savsaydara II samarovanze (vercxli)17, enageTSi (vercxli)18. isic unda iTqvas, rom sakulto kompleqsebSic aRiniSna fialebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevebi, Tumc metad iSviaTi. kerZod, sairxis samarovnis sakulto moedanze aRmoCnda minis fialis fragmentebi19, xolo vanis erTerT, kerZod, IV samlocveloSi - vercxlis fiala. erTi sityviT, Cvens xelT arsebuli masalebis mixedviT Cans, rom vansa da saerTod antikuri xanis kolxeTSi, iseve rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, fialebi dakrZalvis ritualis nawilia. metad iSviaTia maTi aRmoCena taZar-samlocveloebSi. sxva suraTia saberZneTSi, sadac phiale mesomphalos-i jer kidev arqaul xanaSi gadaiRes berZnebma aRmosavluri samyarodan da ise gaiTavises, rom Zalian male is libaciisaTvis gankuTvnili WurWlis ZiriTad saxeobad gadaiqca20 . rogorc Cans, WurWlis es saxeoba gamoiyeneboda sasmisadac – RvTaebebi da gmirebi, Tu Cveulebrivi mokvdavni xSirad arian gamosaxulni fialiT xelSi. ramdenadac taZrebis inventaris siebSi fialebi xSirad ixsenieba, fiqroben, rom isini taZarSi Sewirulobis miRebuli saxeobac iyo21. saberZneTSi fiala dakrZalvis ritualis nawilic iyo22 .

8. Борис Куфтин, Материалы к археологии Колхиды, 2 (Тбилиси, 1950), табл. А. 9. giorgi maxaraZe da manana wereTeli, sairxe (Tbilisi: „mecniereba,” 2006), 67, 91, 94-95, 109, sur. 45, 84, 88-89, 118, foto 127, 149, 157, 193. 10. gagoSiZe, gogiberiZe, maxaraZe, „iTxvisis samarovani,” 56, sur. 44. 11. amiran kaxiZe, fiWvnari II, antikuri samyaro aRmosavleT SavizRvipireTSi (fiWvnaris Zv.w. V saukunis berZnuli nekropoli) (baTumi, 2007), 156-158; Amiran Kakhidze, “Silver phiala from the 5th century BC Greek cemetery at Pichvnari,” in: Pontus and the outside World, Studies in Black Sea History, Historiography and Archaeology, ed. C. I. Tuplin (Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2004), 85-119. 12. Юрий Н. Воронов, „Ахул-Абаа – поселение античного времени в окрестностях Сухуми,“ Материалы по археологии Абхазии (Тбилиси: 1979), 32-36. 13. Яков Смирнов, Ахалгорийский клад (Тифлис, 1934), с. 44-49, табл. VIII-XII. 14. giorgi cqitiSvili, „mdidruli samarxi cixiagoris samarovnidan,” Ziebani, 7 (2001), 41-46. 15. iulon gagoSiZe, adreantikuri xanis Zeglebi qsnis xeobidan (Tbilisi:@„mecniereba,” 1964), 62-63, tab. XII-XIII. 16. Борис А. Куфтин, Археологические раскопки в Триалети, Ш. Опыт периодизации памятников (Тбилиси: Издательство Академиии Наук Грузинской ССР, 1941), c. 37, табл. VIII. 17. soso margiSvili, antikuri xanis mdidruli samarxebi algeTis xeobidan. (Tbilisi: „mecniereba,” 1992), 17, 23, tab. XII, 6; XV, 3. 18. margiSvili, antikuri xanis mdidruli samarxebi, 29, 72, tab. XX. 19. maxaraZe da wereTeli, sairxe, 109, sur. 118. 20. omfalosiani fialis libaciisTvis xmarebas saberZneTSi ukve Zv.w. VII sukunidan varaudoben, radgan 200-ze meti aseTi WurWeli aRmoCnda peraxoras hera limenias samlocvelos Zv.w. VI saukunis Suaxanebis votivur fenaSi [Humfry Payne, Perachora, The sanctuaries of Hera Akraia and Limenia (Oxford, 1940), 121, 152-153]. male fiala iqca yvelaze miRebul Sewirulobad berZnul taZarSi. swored amitomacaa, rom poluqsi Tavis TxzulebaSi fialebiT iwyebs Tavs Sewirulobebis Sesaxeb (Pollux, I, 28) . 21. Richter, Gisela M. “A Greek silver phiale in the Metropolitan Museum.” AJA 45 (1941): 363. 22. magaliTad, samoTrakiis samarovanze, romelic Zv.w. 525-500 wlebiT TariRdeba, fialebi xSirad dasturdeba dasakrZalav inventarSi – Elsbeth B. Dusenbery, Samothrace, II, The nekropoleis, catalogues of objects by categories (Princeton, 1998), NN 1021-1023.

Zvel aRmosavleTSi, romelic iTvleba fialis tipis WurWlis samSoblod, maTi uadresi nimuSebi Zv.w. IX saukuneSi mainc Cndeba. Zv.w. VIII saukuneSi omfalosiani fialebi cnobilia War Kabud-is samarovnidan (dasavleT luristani, irani), gordionis (frigia) akldamebidan23. aqemenidur xanaSi fialebi farTod vrceldeba maxlobel aRmosavleTSi. isini aRmoCenilia urSi, deve huiukis samarovanze24 . brinjaos meore WurWeli N# 24 samarxidan oinoxoaa (# 07:1-04:1962, muz. #N13-2007/1, tab. 2,2; 3,3). is miekuTvneba im saxeobas, romelic niskartiseburcxvirianis saxeliTaa cnobili (simaRle - 20 sm, tanis maqs. dm – 10,9 sm, Ziris dm – 6,3 sm). aseT oinoxoebs analogiebi eZebneba rogorc saberZneTSi, kerZod, makedoniaSi, aseve antikuri samyaros periferiaze - TrakiaSi, getur da skviTur kompleqsebSi. makedoniaSi amgvari oinoxoebi oTxi Zeglidan aris cnobili: stavrupolisis samarxidan, romelsac Zv.w. IV saukunis meore naxevriT aTariReben25; dervenis A samarxidan, romelsac aseve Zv.w. IV saukunis meore naxevriT aTariReben26; verjinas III akldamidan (e.w. princis akldama), romelic Zv.w. 325 wlis maxlobeli xaniT TariRdeba27; da bolos arzosis yorRanidan, romelic Zv.w. IV saukunis dasasruls miekuTvneba28. amrigad, makedoniis kompleqsebi, saidanac momdinareobs CvenTvis saintereso tipis oinoxoebi, ar scildeba Zv.w. IV saukunis meore naxevris farglebs. yvela dasaxelebuli oinoxoa brinjaosia, garda verjinis nimuSisa, romelic vercxlisaa29. yvelas aerTianebs S-seburi yuri, romlis qveda nawili akanTos ylortiseburadaa gaformebuli, mxolod verjinas WurWlis yuris qveda nawilia Tokiseburad gravirebuli. piris kide yvelas sada aqvs, garda arzosis oinoxoisa. rogorc wesi, yuris qveda bolo makedoniis nimuSebs Semkuli aqvT (stavrupolisis oinoxoas niJariseburi daboloeba aqvs, dervenisas – ormagi volutisa da palmetis, xolo verjinis nimeSs – diskoseburi). getur samyaroSi vanis niskartiseburcxvirian oinoxoas mxolod erTi paraleli moeZebna – zimniseas samarovanze (samarxi pontos herakleis amfo-

23. Louis Vanden Berghe, Het archeologisch onderzoek naar de bronscultuur van Luristan, Opyravingen in Push-I Kuhm Kalwali en War Kabud (1965 en 1966) (Brussel, 1968), pl. 32 a-b; Rodney S. Young, “The Gordion campaign of 1957: preliminary report,” AJA 62 (1958), 139-154; Rodney S. Young, Three great early tumuli = The Gordion excavations final reports, vol. I (Philadelphia, 1981), 14-17, 139-147 24. Peter R. S. Moorey, Cemeteries of the first millennium B.C. at Deve Hüyük (Oxford, 1980), 32-36. 25. Maria Karamanole-Siganidou, “Thessalonike,” ADelt. 20, 2 (1965): 411, pl. 463a; K. Ninou (ed.), Treasures of ancient Macedonia, Exhibition catalogue, Archaeological Museum of Thessalonike (Athens, 1979), No. 271, pl. 40; Georges Daux, “Chronique des fouilles et découverts archéologiques en Greece en 1967,” BCH 92 (1968): 903, fig. 11; Ancient Macedonia, Exhibition Catalogue, Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (Athens, 1988), No. 341. 26. Ninou (ed.), Treasures of ancient Macedonia, 159, pl. 24; Ancient Macedonia, No. 231; Manolis, Andronicos Museum Thessaloniki, Ein neuer Führer durch seine Bestände (Athens, 1981), No. 41; X. Makaronas, “Tafoi para to Derveni Thessalonike,” ArDelt. (1963): 193-194, pl. 295a. 27. Andronicos, Museum Thessaloniki, 209, fig. 172; The search for Alexander, An Exhibition (Athens, 1980), 181, No. 158. 28. Ninou (ed.), Treasures of ancient Macedonia, No. 460, pl. 61; The search for Alexander, 156, No. 106; D. Triantafullos, “Archaiotetes kai mnemeia Thrakes, ADelt. 30, 2 (1975): pl. 205a. 29. cnobilia am tipis kidev erTi vercxlis oinoxoa, romelic soTbis auqcionze gaiyida – Sothby’s important antiquities, cat. No. 6383, New York, December 17, 1992.

ris safuZvelze daaxl. Zv.w. 330-300 ww. TariRdeba). am oinoxoasac piris kide sada aqvs; yuri S-seburi moyvanilobisaa da bolovdeba aJuruli palmetiTa da akanTos foTlebiT; Zirze koncentruli wreebi aqvs30 . rac Seexeba Trakias, aq CvenTvis saintereso tipis ufro meti oinoxoaa cnobili. aRmoCenilia isini Semdeg yorRanebSi: mogilanska mogila, romelic Zv.w. IV saukuniT TariRdeba31; aleqsandrovos yorRani, romelsac zogadad Zv.w. V-IV saukuneebs akuTvneben32; leSnikova mogila, romelsac gamTxreli Zv.w. V saukuniT aTariRebs33; mezekis yorRani, romlis TariRs Zv.w. V saukunis dasasruliT - IV saukunis dasawyisiT gansazRvraven34; orizovos yorRani, romelic Zv.w. IV saukunisaa35. aleqsandrovos oinoxoas yuri aklia, xolo mezekisas – piris kide. mogilanska mogilisa da mezekis oinoxoebis S-iseburi yurebis qveda nawili, Cveni nimuSis msgavsad, akanTos ylortis imitacias warmoadgens. mxolod mogilanska mogilas oinoxoas aqvs ioniuri kimationiT Semkuli piris kide. es oinoxoa sagangebodaa Seswavlili am samarxis brinjaos WurWlis mTel kompleqsTan erTad. mas Zv.w. IV saukunis Suaxanebs miakuTvneben36. am ukanasknel xanebSi samxreT-aRmosavleT TrakiaSi, ganosis mTaze naipis yorRanis samarx kameraSi aRmoCnda brinjaos oinoxoa, romelic Cveni nimuSis analogiuria, magram gacilebiT mdidruladaa ornamentirebuli: pirTan reliefuri xveulia, yelze suros wnulia, facetirebuli yuri lotosis kokrebiTaa Semkuli, xolo yuris qveda boloze akanTos Wviruli aplikaciaa datanili. samarxi Zv.w. IV saukunis bolo ori aTwleuliTaa daTariRebuli da odrisis samefo dinastiis wevris kuTvnilad aris miCneuli37 .D skviTuri kompleqsebidan CvenTvis saintereso tipis oinoxoas Seicaven gaimanova mogila (zaporoJie, sof. balki)38, VI semibratni39 da zelenskaia goras yorRanebi40; agreTve elizavetovkas samarovnis (tamanidan 7,5 km) # 9/1909 yorRani41. amaTgan gaimanova mogilas Zv.w. 350-340 wlebiT aTari-

30. Alexandrina D. Alexandrescu, “La nécropole gète de Zimnicea,” Dacia, N.S. XXIV (1980): 28, fig. 432; 694. 31. И. Венедиков, Новооткрыто тракийско могильно погребение в Враца, Археология 1 (1966): 7-15. 32. Bogdan Filow, Ivan Welkow, Vasil Mikow, Die Grabhügelnekropole bei Duvanlij in Südbulgarien (Sofia, 1934), 185, Abb. 205. 33. Georgi Kitov, “Les tumuli royaux dans “La vallée des rois”, Orpheus 5 (1995): 18; Georgi Kitov, “The Thracian valley of the kings in the region of Kazanluk,“ Balkan Studies, 37,1 (1996): 5-34. 34. Иван Велковъ, „Розкопките около Мезекъ и гара Свиленград през 1932-1933 год,“ Известия на Българския Археологически Институтъ, т. 11 (1938): 136, рис. 129. 35. Дмитрий Цончев, „Антична могильна гробница при Оризово,“ Годишник на Народния археологически музей Пловдив, кн. 1 (1948): 20-21, рис. 6. 36. Evgeni I. Paunov, Narcis T. Torlow, “The bronze vessels from tomb 2 in the Mogilanska Mogila tumulus at Vratsa (NW Bulgaria),“ From the Parts to the whole, vol. 1, Acta of the 13th International Bronze Сongress, held at Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 23-June 1, 1996, ed. by Carol Mattusch et al., (Portsmouth , Rhode Island, 2000), 172. 37. Inci Delemen, „An unplundered chamber tomb on Ganos Mountain in southeastern Thrace,“ AJA 110 (2006), 251-273, fig. 16. 38. Or des Scythes, Treasures des musées soviétiques, 1975, cat. no. 75; mixeil treisteri, „makedoniuri liTonis WurWeli skviTur samefo samarxebSi. skviTur-makedoniuri kontaqtebisaTvis Zv.w. IV saukunis mesame meoTxedSi,” SavizRvispireTi elinisturi samyaros sistemaSi (Tbilisi, 2005), 46. 39. Зинаида Билимович, „Бронзовый кувшин из VI Семибратнего кургана”, СА 1 (1971), 216-219. 40. Boris Pharmakowski, “Archäologische Funde im Jahre 1912, Russland,“ AA (1913), 180-183, Abb. 9-19. 41. treisteri, „makedoniuri liTonis WurWeli”, 6.

Reben42. am ukanaskneli yorRanidan momdinare oinoxoas yvela sxva nimuSebisagan gansxvavebiT yuris zeda bolo Semkuli aqvs – satiris Tavia gamosaxuli. VI semibratnis yorRanis oinoxois yuri dawaxnagebulia; zelenskaia goras oinoxoas ki yuri akanTos stilizebuli ylortis saxiT aqvs gaformebuli, xolo misi piris kide ovebiT aris Semkuli. ramdenadac brinjaosgan damzadebuli oinoxoebi, romelTac wakveTili konusis formis tani aqvT, analogiebs pouloben Zv.w. VI saukunis dasasrulis - V saukunis dasawyisis wiTelfigurul vazebs Soris, maTi berZnuli warmomavloba ivaraudeba43. am tipis oinoxoebi Cndeba Zv.w. IV saukunis dasawyisidan da upiratesad berZnuli samyaros CrdiloeT nawilSia gavrcelebuli44 . vanis #24 samarxSi aRmoCenili mesame brinjaos WurWeli langars warmoadgens. is brtyelZiraa, rgoliseburi yuri aqvs. yuris tanze mimagrebis adgili Semkulia mcenareuli ornamentiT (muz. # 13-2007/2, simaRle – 3.1 sm, Ziris dm – 29 sm, piris dm – 32.6 sm, yuris dm – 4.5 sm, yuris Reros dm – 1.1 sm, tab. 2,3; 3,1). CvenSi am tipis WurWlis aRmoCenis sxva SemTxvevebicaa dadasturebuli, isev vanidan. kerZod, aseTi WurWeli aRmoCenilia ## 9 da 15 samarxebSi45. pirveli Tanmxlebi samarxeuli inventaris safuZvelze Zv.w. IV saukunis Suaxanebs miekuTvneba, meore ki – Zv.w. III saukunis pirvel naxevars46. samarxebSi paterisa da oinoxois erTad aRmoCenis faqti vanisN# 11 samarxSia dadasturebuli47, aseve dablagomis kramitiT gadaxurul samarxSi48 . SesaZlebelia, rom amgvari langrebi paterebs cvlian samarxeul inventarSi.

42. Борис Мозолевский, Сергей Полин,, Курганы скифского Герроса IV в. до н.э. (Бабина, Водяна и Соболева могилы), (Киев, 2005), 365. 43. dawvr. ix. Билимович, „Бронзовый кувшин, ” 216-218. 44. Michael Pfrommer, Makedonien – Kleinasien. Interdependenzen spätklassischer und frühellenistischer Toreutik, JdDAI, Bd. 98 (1983), 242 ff. 45. oTar lorTqifaniZe, rusudan fuTuriZe, vera Tolordava, ana Wyonia, „arqeologiuri gaTxrebi vanSi 1969 wels,” vani I (Tbilisi, 1972), 208, N 15; oTar lorTqifaniZe, „torevtika,” vani VII (Tbilisi, 1983), 91, kat. 410, 413; vera Tolordava, „centraluri terasis Crdilo-aRmosavleTi ferdi (1975-1979 ww. gaTxrebis Sedegebi),” vani VIII (Tbilisi, 1986), 85, sur. 671,3, 7110. 46. lorTqifaniZe, „torevtika,” 91, №№ 410 da 413. 47. lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe, Tolordava, Wyonia, „arqeologiuri gaTxrebi,” 233-234. 48. vera Tolordava, „mdidruli samarxi dablagomidan,” vani, II (Tbilisi, 1975), 75, №№ 40-41.