1.5. basri Zala – ruseTi, CineTi

1.5. basri Zala – ruseTi, CineTi

• basri Zalis komponentebi • demokratizacia da avtoritarizmis gavrceleba • ruseTis basri Zalis safrTxeebi saerTaSoriso politikaSi • CineTis basri Zalis safrTxeebi saerTaSoriso politikaSi

ruseTis basri Zala Tavisi arsiT sruliad gansxvavdeba naiseuli rbili Zalisgan da Cveni azriT, rbili da xisti Zalebis sxvadasxva meqanizmebis erTgvari nazavia: 1. moxibvlaze dafuZnebuli rbili Zala; 2. dezinformaciaze dafuZnebuli civi omis droindeli propaganda; 3. profesionalizmze dafuZnebuli samxedro fsiqologiuri operaciebis teqnika; 4. demokratizaciis procesis teqnikis gamoyeneba avtoritarizmis gasavrceleblad. civi omis propagandistuli manqanis Taviseburebebs da dezinformaciis gavrcelebis meqanizmebs dawvrilebiT Semdeg paragrafebSi mimovixilavT. amjerad ki yuradRebas SevaCerebT mesame da meoTxe aspeqtebze. `samxedro fsiqologiuri operacia~ (PSYOP) samxedro terminia da gulisxmobs mowinaaRmdegis demoralizebas mowyvladi informaciis gavrcelebiT, fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebiT, mtris banakSi Sida konfliqtebis gaRvivebiT da sxv. msgavsi qmedeba istoriulad aprobirebuli teqnika iyo Sua saukuneebSic. istoriis modernul periodSi, rodesac samxedro Zalebi institutad Camoyalibda, fsiqologiuri operaciebis teqnika daixvewa da profesionalebis saqmed iqca. samxedro fsiqologiuri operaciebis teqnikas met-naklebad flobs yvela saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebi (gansakuTrebiT ki didi saxelmwifoebis armiebi), Tumca teqnikis gamoyeneba

sxvadasxva masStabiT xdeba demokratiul da arademokratiul qveynebSi. arademokratiul reJimebSi urTierTSekavebis da Sewonasworebis sistema (check and balance system) sustia an saerTod ar arsebobs: ar xdeba mmarTveli elitis instituciuri kontroli da politikis warmoebis procesSi minimalizebulia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis CarTuloba; ar arsebobs saidumlo dokumentaciis garkveuli vadis gasvlis Semdgom gasajarovebis valdebuleba. Sesabamisad, ama Tu im politikis gatarebis legitimuroba ar xdeba gansjis da Sefasebis sagani, ver kontroldeba mTavrobebis mier ama Tu im meTodis gamoyenebis legaluroba da martivdeba saerTaSorisod SeTanxmebuli qcevis wesebis darRveva. amasTan, arademokratiul (da gansakuTrebiT, totalitarul) reJimebs axasiaTebs fsiqologiuri operaciebis ara mxolod mowinaaRmdegis, aramed sakuTari mosaxleobis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebac. araliberaluri Rirebulebebis gasavrceleblad demokratizaciis procesis meTodologiur analogad gamoyenebis faqts, erT-erTma pirvelma akademiur sivrceSi yuradReba miaqcia reiCel vanderhilma. vanderhilma dasva kvleviTi SekiTxva: xom ar iyeneben avtoritaruli qveynebi demokratizaciis procesis meqanizmebs avtoritarizmis gasavrceleblad? avtorma Tavis monografiaSi qeisad SearCia sami qveyana: ruseTi, venesuela da irani. Tumca am qveynebis qmedebis miznebi da masStabebi maTive regionebiT gansazRvra da ar daukavSira saerTaSoriso politikas. 1 vanderhilis msjeloba sruliad jdeba rbili Zalis mimdinare akademiur diskurSi, rac kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom nais rbili Zalis Teoria

1 R. Vanderhill. Promoting Authoritarianism Abroad. Lynne Rienner Publishers. 2013.

amartivebs im problemebis aRweras da klasifikacias, razec manamdec keTdeboda aqcentebi. ra msgavsebaa demokratizaciis processa da avtoritarizmis gavrcelebis process Soris? orive SemTxvevaSi saxezea ramdenime gamocdili meTodi: 1. mmarTvel elitasTan urTierTobebis damyareba; 2. mokavSire politikuri partiebis da interes-jgufebis daxmareba; 3. ekonomikuri zegavlena; 4. metoqeTa SezRudva. msgavsebasTan erTad TvalsaCinoa sxvaobac: 1. demokratizaciis procesSi mmarTvel elitaze gavlenas axdenen sxvadasxva institutebis mxridan sanqciebiT an/da waxalisebiT. avtoritaruli reJimi ki mokavSire politikur elitasTan urTierTobas amyarebs pirdapiri dafinansebis gziT. 2. demokratizaciis procesSi aqcenti keTdeba politikuri partiebisa da interesjgufebis teqnikur-finansur, aseve instituciur daxmarebaze, arCevnebis monitoringsa da politikuri konkurentunarianobis gazrdaze. avtoritaruli reJimebi ki Tavis sayrden elitebs mxolod mizanmimarTul dafinansebas sTavazoben. 3. demokratizaciis procesi miznad isaxavs ekonomikuri da monetaruli reformebis meSveobiT mTliani ekonomikis gajansaRebas. avtoritaruli reJimebi ekonomikis calkeul sferoebze zemoqmedeben pirdapiri dafinansebis gziT. 4. demokratiuli sistema gulisxmobs metoqeebTan politikur-samarTlebriv brZolas metoqeTa gauvnebelyofiT an ukidures SemTxvevaSi, metoqeTa marginalizaciiT. avtoritarizmisTvis ki mniSvnelovania metoqeebis gaqroba politikuri asparezidan, rac xSirad represiebis gziT xdeba. demokratizaciis process bevri gamowveva axlavs Tan: masStaburi reformebi gaTvlilia grZelvadian perspeqtivaze da sawyis etapze Sokuri Terapiis efeqts axdens sazogadoebaze; ama Tu im mniSvnelovani segmentis

waxaliseba xdeba sxvadasxva moklevadiani proeqtebiT, rac arastabilurobis SegrZnebas aCens sazogadoebaSi; demokratiuli saxelmwifoebis politikuri elitebi damokidebulni arian sakuTar amomrCevelze, rac xSirad iwvevs dagegmili politikuri kursis cvlilebas... ganzogadebas Tu mivmarTavT, Cveni azriT, or ZiriTad daskvnamde mivalT: 1. demokratiuli reformebi masStaburia da Sesabamisad, mouqneli; 2. demokratiuli

mTavrobebi ver iyeneben arademokratiul meTodebs.

demokratizaciis procesisgan gansxvavebiT, avtoritarizmis gavrceleba basri ZaliT swraf efeqtzea orientirebuli. basri Zalis Sedegebi moklevadianad iTvleba iseT saxelmwifoebSi, romlis institutebi myaria da efeqturi. saqarTvelos msgavsi axali demokratiebisTvis ki basri Zalis zegavlena grZelvadiani da Seuqcevadi Sedegebis momtani SeiZleba aRmoCndes. ruseTis rbili (basri) Zala ukve wlebia ganixileba akademiur Tu araakademiur wreebSi. sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda 2016 wlis aSS saprezidento arCevnebSi ruseTis rbili (basri) Zalis kvalis aRmoCenis Semdeg. dRes guglis saZiebo sistemaSi mxolod inglisur enaze terminis `ruseTis rbili Zala~ akrefa milionobiT Sedegs gvaZlevs. ruseTis basri Zalis samizned aRar saxeldeba mxolod postsabWoTa sivrce. masTan sabrZolvelad sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebSi Seiqmna analitikuri centrebi, saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi ki specialuri programebi. dRes saerTaSoriso akademiuri Sexvedrebis Tu axalgazrduli saswavlo programebis did nawilSi warmodgenilia ruseTis basri Zalis Tema da aqcenti keTdeba masTan brZolis aucileblobaze. im mraval angariSs Soris, romelic bolo wlebSi Seiqmna sxvadasxva saxelmwifo uwyebis Tu saerTaSoriso organizaciis farglebSi, sailustracio magaliTad

moviyvanT evropuli Rirebulebebis centris (CexeTis respublika) da konrad adenaueris fondis 2019 wlis usafrTxoebis strategiebis programis farglebSi momzadebul angariSs, romlis mixedviT, qveynebi dayofilia sam kategoriad maTive TviTSefasebis safuZvelze. 1 gansakuTrebuli safrTxis qveS mqof qveynebad moiazreba: baltiis qveynebi, CexeTis respublika da dania. qveynebi, sadac acnobiereben basri Zalis safrTxeebs: belgia, xorvatia, safrangeTi, germania, niderlandebi, SvedeTi, gaerTianebuli samefo, aSS, kanada... qveynebi, sadac ruseTis basri Zala naklebad ganisazRvra safrTxed an/da ar gatarebula masTan brZolis gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebi: avstria, fineTi, irlandia, portugalia, italia, bulgareTi, slovenia, poloneTi. ruseTis basri Zalisgan gansxvavebiT, CineTis basri Zala naklebad aris Seswavlili, Tumca masze msjeloba bolo wlebis trendad iqca. rogorc eqspertebi aRniSnaven, CineTis basri Zalis analizisTvis unda moxdes ruseTis basri Zalis Seswavlis dros SemuSavebuli meTodologiis da dagrovili gamocdilebis gamoyeneba. am konteqstSi aseve gansakuTrebiT sainteresod Cans evropuli Rirebulebebis centris da konrad adenaueris fondis 2019 wlis angariSi, sadac mocemulia ruseTis da CineTis evropuli zegavlenebis SedarebiTi analizi. 2

1 Russia and China through eyes of NATO and EU intelligence agencies. How do

EU member states’, Canadian and the United States intelligence agencies assess Russian and Chinese influence activities? Security Strategies Program 2019 report. European Values, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. https://www.europeanvalues.net/wpcontent/uploads/2019/06/RussiaandChinathrougheyesof

NATOandEUintelligenceagencies.pdf 2 Handbook on Countering Russian and Chinese Interference in Europe. Konrad

AdenauerStiftung. European Values Center for Security Policy. Report 2019. https://www.europeanvalues.net/vyzkum/handbookoncounteringrussianandchineseinterferenceineurope

angariSis winasityvaoba gvamcnobs mis miznebs: `konkretuli incidentebis (ZiriTadad ruseTis Carevis Sesaxeb evropasis qveynebsa da aSS-Si) Sesaxeb monacemebis mzardi raodenobis da ruseTis da CineTis mier sagareo politikuri miznebis misaRwevad aralegaluri meTodebis (dezinformaciis gavrceleba, informaciis moparva...) gamoyenebis Sesaxeb kvlevebis mzardi raodenobis miuxedavad, ar arsebobs zusti aRwera Tu ra miznebs isaxavs msgavsi qmedeba da rogor gansxvavdeba ruseTis da CineTis basri Zalis zegavlena regionebis da qveynebis mixedviT. mkvlevarebisTvis aseve xelmiuwvdomelia informacia, evropuli Tu aSS sadazvervo da saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxurebis mier SemuSavebuli meqanizmebis Sesaxeb~. 1 angariSi sxvadasxva qveynebis gamocdilebis Sejerebis safuZvelze gamoyofs safrTxeebis sxvadasxva aspeqts: 1. ruseTis samxedro operaciebi ukrainaSi (rac saerTo evropuli usafrTxoebis gamowvevaa); 2. ruseTis mier

evropis, rogorc memarjvene, aseve memarcxene populisturi partiebis finansuri da ideologiuri mxardaWera; 3. ruseTis da CineTis kiber-Tavdasxmebi da kiber-SpionaJi; 4. ruseTis da CineTis dezinformaciuli kampaniebi; 5. ruseTisa da CineTis mzardi ekonomikuri zegavlena da SantaJi; 6. ruseTisa da CineTis spec-samsaxurebis qmedebis gaaqtiureba ucxo qveynebSi.

CamoTvlili gamowvevebidan yvela punqti, pirveli aspeqtis garda (xisti Zalis gamoyeneba ukrainaSi), warmoadgens basri Zalis moqmedebis areals. aRniSnuli angariSis da sxva literaturis Sejerebis safuZvelze, SegviZlia visaubroT ruseTis da CineTis basri Zalis saerTo da gansxvavebul maxasiaTeblebze.

1 ibid.p. 3

saerTo maxasiaTeblad saxeldeba ruseTis da CineTis mxridan sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebze ekonomikuri zegavlenis mcdeloba. evropis sxvadasxva qveynebis (safrangeTi, germania, xorvatia, niderlandebi, baltiis qveynebi...) safrTxeebis analizSi rig SemTxvevaSi saubaria ruseTis da CineTis mxridan pirdapir investiciebze, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki Suamaval investorebze (niderlandebis SemTxveva).

CineTis da ruseTis mxridan ganxorcielebul ekonomikur zewolaSi CarTuli arian maTi diplomatebi (CexeTis magaliTi), romlebic sxvadasxva xrikebiT axerxeben adgilobrivi politikosebis korufciul garigebaSi CaTrevas da qveynis imijis Selaxvas. CineTTan msgavsi problemis identificirebas axdens lietuvac: piradi urTierTobebis damyareba, ZviradRirebuli saCuqrebiT da dafinansebuli vizitebiT adamianebze zemoqmedeba (aziuri diplomatiis axali masStabebi) CineTis basri Zalis Semadgenel nawilad iqca. basri Zalis qmedebaze reagireba gansxvavebulia sxvadasxva saxelmwifos SemTxvevaSi. magaliTad, estoneTma gaamkacra kanonmdebloba investorebTan mimarTebiT da rus oligarqebs SeuzRuda investirebis meqanizmebi. germania da safrangeTi ki tradiciulad mxolod frTxili da politkoreqtuli gancxadebebiT dakmayofilda. gaerTianebul samefoSi skripalis skandalis Semdeg (rasac daerTo kiber-jaSuSobis da kiber-Tavdasxmebis problemac), gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurdnen specsamsaxurebi. sapasuxod bevrma saxelmwifom erovnuli usafrTxoebis programebSi prioritetad dasaxa kiberusafrTxoeba, gaamkacra kanonmdebloba da sakiTxis eqspertuli kvleva. gansakuTrebiT sainteresod gveCveneba ori magaliTi: 1. niderlandebis gancxadeba ruseTis spec-samsaxurebis mier samecniero-teqnologiuri gamo

gonebis qurdobis mcdelobaze; 2. germaniis gancxadeba, CineTis mier evrokavSiris Sida moxmarebis dokumentebis da G20 samitis masalebis qurdobis mcdelobaze. 1 orive qveynis SemTxvevaSi keTdeba aqcenti, rom specsamsaxurebis saqmianobis safarvelad gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva diplomatiuri da kulturuli centrebi, xolo jaSuSobaSi Cabmas da spec-samsaxurebTan TanamSromlobas sxvadasxva meTodebiT aiZuleben sakuTari diasporebis warmomadgenlebs. amasTan, CineTi eTnikurobas aigivebs moqalaqeobasTan da aSS-Si mcxovreb eTnikur Cinelebs uzRudavs CineTSi Casvlas, xolo Casvlis SemTxvevaSi ukrZalavs aSS-Si dabrunebas. ruseTis da CineTis basri Zalis SedarebiTi ganxilvisas saxezea msgavsi interesebi. 2 orive qveynis xelisufleba reJimis legitimacias da politikuri Zalauflebis ganmtkicebas, aseve saSinao problemebis gadafarvas cdilobs sagareo politikis frontze gaaqtiurebiT da sakuTari mosaxleobisTvis sagareo gamarjvebebis iluziebis SeqmniT. demokratiul mmarTvelobaSi erovnuli usafrTxoeba niSnavs riskebis menejments, avtoritaruli mTavrobebis aRqmiT ki usafrTxoeba niSnavs safrTxeebis ararsebobas da warmoqmnamde maT neitralizebas. am tipis mmarTveloba sakuTari reJimis safrTxed ganixilavs regionsa Tu msoflioSi mimdinare yvela misTvis araxelsayrel movlenas. cifruli revolucia da Zalis difuzia ki mxolod amZafrebs amgvar SiSebs. orive qveynis sagareo politikis prioritetia civi omis droindeli `dasavluri blokis~ erTianobis rRveva da aSS-is gandevna evropuli sivrcidan. aSS-sa da evroka

1 ibid. p.6,8. 2 ibid. p. 916

vSirs Soris ganxeTqilebam (an minimum, araefeqturma da arakoordinirebulma TanamSromlobam) ruseTs da CineTs sxvadasxva sargebeli SeiZleba moutanos, Tumca orive SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania tendencia, rom bipolaruli msofliosgan (sadac `dasavleTi~ erTian polusad moiazreboda) gansxvavebiT multipolarul samyaroSi aSS da evrokavSiri sxvadasxva polusebad yalibdeba. evropasTan ruseTis da CineTis damokidebulebis narativic gansxvavebulia da mosalodneli sargebelic. ruseTisTvis mniSvnelovania Tavad evropa. is axdens evrokavSiris qveynebis zonebad da jgufebad dayofas: a) aRmosavleT evropaSi ruseTi cdilobs gavlenis dabrunebas; b) dasavleT evropis qveynebTan ruseTi cdilobs erTgvari warmosaxviTi garigebis miRwevas: energousafrTxoebis da zogadad, usafrTxoebis sanacvlod, `beberi evropis~ mier `regionis Sida saqmeebze~ (post-sabWoTa sivrce) Tvalis daxuWva, centralur evropaSi (avstria, slovakeTi, CexeTi, ungreTi) neitraluri mTavrobebis arseboba, didi britaneTis instituciuri, xolo poloneTis strategiuli izolacia, evrokavSirisa da natos gafarToebis SezRudva, ruseTis winaaRmdeg evropuli sanqciebis (maT Soris, ruseTis oligarqiuli elitis da maTi ojaxis wevrebis SeuzRudavi mimosvla/cxovreba dasavleT evropis ganviTarebul qveynebSi) gauqmeba. ruseTis basri Zala iyenebs narativs: `evropa ar aris aSS-s ukana ezo~, riTic kvebavs evropul populistur ideologiebs da sxva anti-dasavlur Zalebs. strategiuli miznebis miRwevis gzaze ruseTi urigdeba mcire taqtikur danakargebs (magaliTad, montenegros nato-Si gawevrianebas). ruseTs realurad miaCnia sakuTari miznebis miRweva, radgan icis, rom evropa ver/ar gamoiyenebs sadamsjelo meqanizmebs mis winaaRmdeg. ruseTis miznebis miRweva faqtiurad gulisxmobs ruseTis de-faqto

vetos uflebas evrokavSirisa da natos gadawyvetilebebze, aseve dasavleT evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebis resursebiT ruseTis politikuri reJimis finansur uzrunvelyofas.

CineTis, rogorc saerTaSoriso politikis axali mzardi Zalis miznebi yofil dasavlur blokTan mimarTebiT sruliad gansxvavebulia. CineTisTvis mTavari samiznea aSS (da ara evropa), xolo mizani aSS strategiuli izolacia. ruseTis msgavsad, evrokavSiris qveynebTan mimarTebiT CineTic geografiul zonalobas mimarTavs: a) centraluri evropis qveynebisgan is cdilobs Seqmnas gamtari zona sakuTari produqciis evropul bazarze gasatanad. b) dasavleT evropis qveynebisgan CineTi elis minimalur mxardaWeras: adamianis uflebebis darRvevis sakiTxSi CineTis kritikis Sewyvetas, evropul qveynebSi Cinuri warmoebis teqnologiebis danergvisTvis xelis SeSlis prevencias; evrokavSiris gulgrilobas afrikis kontinentze CineTis mzardi gavlenis mimarT...

CineTma, iseve rogorc ruseTma, kargad icis rom evrokavSiri ver SeZlebs misTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevas, amitom ar erideba axali agresiuli kampaniebis dagegmvas. mravali msgavsebis miuxedavad, ruseTis da CineTis miznebsa da mosalodnel SedegebSi, aseve moqmedebis (gansakuTrebiT, basri Zalis formebTan dakavSirebiT) teqnikaSi mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa. ruseTis basri Zala bevrad warmatebulia informaciuli Sturmisa da dezinformaciis gavrcelebis masStabebiT. CineTi ar cdilobs evropis qveynebSi populisturi da eqstremistuli Zalebis SeqmnaxelSewyobas. amiT is inarCunebs garkveul reputacias da ruseTze „ukeTesi policielis“ imijs.

CineTi aqtiurad iyenebs rbili Zalis instrumentebsac. aTiode welia CineTma aSS mibaZviT Seqmna saganmanaT

leblo programebis masStaburi gacvliTi qseli (bevri qarTveli studentic sargeblobs aRniSnuli SesaZleblobiT). ruseTi axalgazrduli inteleqtis mizidvas ver axerxebs regionuli masStabiTac ki. gansxvavebulia is ZiriTadi resursic, rasac eyrdnoba es ori qveyana basri zegavlenis mosaxdenad. pirvelis SemTxvevaSi mTavari resursia energoseqtori, meoris SemTxvevaSi ki teqnologiebi da sakomunikacio sistemebi. rogoria sapasuxo reaqcia evrokavSiris an aSS mxridan? evropul qveynebSi ufro metad ruseTis basr Zalaze xdeba reagireba, aSS-Si ki CineTis basri Zala gaxda akademiuri Tu uwyebrivi ganxilvebis prioritetuli Tema. sailustracio magaliTad gamogvadgeba aSS kongresis dazvervis mudmivmoqmedi komitetis1 sajaro forumi2 . forumSi monawileoben aSS cnobili eqspertebi da saxelmwifo moxeleebi. aq xazgasmiT iTqva, rom CineTi safrTxea ara mxolod aSS-sTvis, aramed mTeli liberaluri samyarosTvis da aSS liderobiT Seqmnili saerTaSoriso wesrigisTvis. CineTis mizani ar aris mxolod ekonomikuri gavlenis mopoveba sxvadasxva regionSi, aramed sabazro ekonomikis ideis damaxinjeba da adamianis uflebebis dacvis, rogorc faseulobis damarcxeba sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi.

CineTi ar egueba demokratiul saxelmwifoebTan Tanaarsebobas arsebuli saerTaSoriso wesrigis farglebSi da cdilobs sakuTari reJimis eqsports, xels uwyobs sxva avtoritarul reJimebs da axangrZlivebs maT arse

1 US House of Representatives Permanent select committee on Intelligence. https://intelligence.house.gov 2 China’s Foreign Influence and Sharp Power Strategy to shape and Influence

Democratic Institutions. NED. Published on May 16, 2019. https://www.ned. org/chinasforeigninfluenceandsharppowerstrategytoshapeandinfluencedemocraticinstitutions/

bobas investiciebiT da sakuTari iafi teqnologiebiT. Cinur investiciasa da CineTis saxelmwifo interess Soris zRvaris gavleba am etapze SeuZlebelia, xolo arademokratiuli mTavrobebisTvis ekonomikuri daxmarebis miReba CineTisgan momgebiania – es maT politikur elitebs korufciis met saSualebas aZlevs. aSS eqspertebis gancxadebiT, drouli da aucilebelia axali Sekavebis politikis wamowyeba. Tumca rogorc kristofer uolkeri (basri Zalis terminis erT-erTi avtori) acxadebs, demokratia nela iRviZebs da nela reagirebs. ruseTis da CineTis basri Zalis Taobaze mwvave politikuri diskursis miuxedavad, rogorc oficialur aseve araoficialur doneze aSS politikuri liderebi da eqspertebi CineTs da ruseTs gamowvevad moixsenieben da ara mtrad. ruseTis da CineTis usafrTxoebis doqtrinebSi ki aSS pirvel mtrad aris gamocxadebuli. aRwerili movlenebi saerTaSoriso politikis prizmaSi warmoadgens modernizebul civ oms, sadac ruseTma da CineTma jerjerobiT moaxerxa erT mxares dadgoma, xolo aSS da evrokavSiri veRar axerxebs saerTo interesebis gamonaxvas. amgvari gadajgufeba saxifaTod gamoiyureba, Tumca analizisas ar unda gamogvrCes sxva tendenciebic. cifruli globalizaciis da Zalis difuziis pirobebSi ruseTis geopolitikuri svlebi aRar ganixileba relevanturad. interesebis garkveuli Tanxvedris miuxedavad, arc ruseT-CineTis TanamSromlobas aqvs myari safuZveli da perpeqtiva. ruseT-CineTis saerTo interesebis garSemo gaerTianebis tendencia naimac iwinaswarmetyvela da aSS Zalauflebis dabalansebis mcdelobad Seafasa. nais azriTac, amgvar alianss ar aqvs momavali. 1 ruseTisgan gansxvavebiT, CineTi pragmatuli moTamaSea da politikur gadawyvetilebebs iRebs situaciis da

1 Joseph S. Nye, Jr. The Future of Power. Public Affairs. NY. 2011. p.171172.

mogebis perspeqtivis mixedviT. CineTis TamaSis wesebic (geoekonomika) da misi resursic (teqnologiebi) srulad Seesabameba cifruli epoqis moTxovnebs da mzardi mniSvnelobisaa. sxvadasxva eqspertebis analiziT, axlo momavalSi swored CineTi Seuqmnis ruseTs mTavar safrTxes da ara aSS an evrokavSiri. saerTaSoriso wesrigis prizmidan Cans bipolaruli wesrigis multipolarul wesrigad transformaciis xangrZlivi da mtkivneuli procesi. CineTs aqvs yvela winapiroba da resursi, sxva saxelmwifoebTan kavSiris gareSe, Camoyalibdes multipolaruli samyaros erT-erT mZlavr damoukidebel polusad. msoflios mTavari gamowvevaa misi TamaSis wesebi moaqcios garkveul sazRvrebSi da uzrunvelyos polusebis mSvidobiani Tanaarseboba. ruseTis basri Zala SesaZloa ufro intensiurad moqmedebs vidre CineTis (gansakuTrebiT regionSi da gansakuTrebiT 2013 wlis Semdeg), Tumca mis teqnikaSi araferia axali da civi omis propagandis erTgvar reinkarnacias warmoadgens axal narativebze aqcentiT. komunizmis ideologia Canacvlda konservatizmiT da pre-modernuli RirebulebebiT: religiuri misticizmi progresis winaaRmdeg; istoriuli samarTlianobiT manipulacia saerTaSoriso samarTlis winaaRmdeg...

CineTis basri Zalis narativi met kiTxvebs badebs. ekonomikuri saswauli da teqnologiuri winsvla ori saukunea liberalur Rirebulebebze dafuZnebuli politikuri sistemebis prerogativad iTvleba. CineTi cdilobs aCvenos, rom totalitarul reJimsac ZaluZs ekonomikuri saswauli da teqnologiuri garRveva. amgvari precedenti gamowvevaa saerTaSoriso wesrigisTvis, radgan axalisebs sxva arademokratiul reJimebs. CineTis swrafi ekonomikuri zrda grZelvadiania Tu mxolod droebiTi warmateba, amas dro gviCvenebs. amJamad

CineTSi mimdinare ekonomikuri daRmasvla SesaZlebelia simptomaturia. ruseTis da CineTis `basri momxibvleloba~ did politikur miznebzea dafuZnebuli. basri zemoqmedebis Seswavla da analizi sasicocxlod aucilebeli gaxda saxelmwifo interesebis da usafrTxoebis dasacavad. samwuxarod, basri zegavlenis meqanizmebis Seswavla xSirad mxolod Sedegebis dadgomis Semdeg xdeba SesaZlebeli. aSS-is yuradReba ZiriTadad CineTidan momdinare safrTxeebzea gadatanili. Tumca saqarTveloSi mTavari gamowveva ara CineTis, aramed ruseTis basri Zalaa. samuSaod Tu saswavleblad CineTSi wasul axalgazrdobas Camoaqvs teqnologiebis codna da ara totalitaruli komunisturi partiis pativiscema. `stalinizmis bacila~ erTaderTia, rac Cveni dakvirvebiT qarTvels CineTidan SeiZleba Camohyves.

bibliografia:

1. gvanca abdalaZe. ideologiuri brZola `axal civ omSi~. ssu Sromebi. humanitarul da socialur-politikur mecnierebaTa seria, XIII, 2015. 2. PSYOP. Military Psychological Operations Manual. U.S.Army. 2009 3. R. Vanderhill. Promoting Authoritarianism Abroad. Lynne Rienner

Publishers. 2013. 4. Handbook on Countering Russian and Chinese Interference in Europe.

KonradAdenauerStiftung. European Values Center for Security Policy.

Report 2019. https://www.europeanvalues.net/vyzkum/handbookoncounteringrussianandchineseinterferenceineurope 5. European Values Centre for Security Policy. https://www.europeanvalues.net 6. Russia and China through eyes of NATO and EU intelligence agencies. How do EU member states’, Canadian and the United States intelligence agencies assess Russian and Chinese influence activities?

Security Strategies Program 2019 report. European Values, Konrad

Adenauer Stiftung. https://www.europeanvalues.net/wpcontent/up-

loads/2019/06/RussiaandChinathrougheyesofNATOandEUintelligenceagencies.pdf 7. China’s Foreign Influence and Sharp Power Strategy to shape and

Influence Democratic Institutions. NED. Published on May 16, 2019. https://www.ned.org/chinasforeigninfluenceandsharppowerstrategytoshapeandinfluencedemocraticinstitutions/ 8. Chinese Soft Power and Its Implications for the United States. Competition and Cooperation in the Developing World. Edited by Carola

McGiffert. A report of the CSIS Smart Power Initiative. 2009. https:// csisprod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/legacy_files/files/media/csis/ pubs/090403_mcgiffert_chinesesoftpower_web.pdf 9. US House of Representatives Permanent select committee on Intelligence. https://intelligence.house.gov 10. St. Levitsky, L.A.Way. Elections Without Democracy. The rise of competitive authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy. Vol. 13, #2, April, 2002 https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/levitsky/files/SL_elections.pdf

kiTxvebi da davalebebi:

1. imsjele basri Zalis komponentebze. eTanxmebi Tu ara

SemoTavazebul klasifikacias? daasabuTe pasuxi. 2. moiZie informacia samxedro fsiqologiuri operaciebis teqnikis Sesaxeb. 3. ra aris saerTo maxasiaTeblebi da mTavari sxvaoba demokratizaciisa da avtoritarizmis gavrcelebis procesebs Soris? 4. imsjele ruseTis basri Zalis savaraudo safrTxeebze saerTaSoriso politikaSi. 5. imsjele CineTis basri Zalis savaraudo safrTxeebze saerTaSoriso politikaSi. 6. imsjele ruseTis da CineTis basri Zalebis savaraudo miznebze SedarebiT WrilSi.