1.6. propaganda

1.6. propaganda

• konstruqciuli da destruqciuli propaganda • propagandis meTodebi da Sedegebi • propaganda: rbili Zala Tu xisti Zala • cifruli revoluciis gavlena propagandaze

propaganda Sexedulebebis da rwmena-warmodgenebis gavrcelebis sistemuri da sistematuri mcdelobaa. propaganda SesaZloa gulisxmobdes rogorc zepir narativs, aseve simboloebis da vizualuri produqciis Seqmnas, rac gacilebiT efeqtur Sedegs iZleva. propagandis kvali SesaZloa aRmovaCinoT ara mxolod mediaSi, aramed mecnierebisa da xelovnebis sxvadasxva sferoSi. propaganda SesaZlebelia davyoT konstruqciul da destruqciul propagandad. konstruqciuli propaganda sakuTar upiratesobebs warmoaCens arsebul mokavSireebTan urTierTobebis SesanarCuneblad, axali mokavSireebis SesaZenad an maTTan konfrontaciis dasaZlevad. konstruqciuli propaganda ar cdilobs `Cven-isini~ diqotomiis gamoyenebas da aqcents akeTebs saerTo identobis aucileblobaze. konstruqciul propagandas SesaZloa iyenebdes rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve sxvadasxva politikuri Tu sazogadoebrivi jgufebi saxalxo diplomatiis daxmarebiT, aseve xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargebi. konstruqciuli propaganda SesaZlebelia gavaigivoT nais `rbil ZalasTan~, radgan konstruqciuli propaganda axdens sakuTari upiratesobebis warmoCenas da misi mizania sxvaTa moxibvla sakuTari Rirebulebebis gavrcelebiT. destruqciuli propaganda erTgvari `Savi fiaria~. misi safuZvelia `Cven-isini~ diqotomia, sadac aqcenti gadatanilia sxvebis diskreditaciasa da sazogadoebrivi

azris manipulirebaze. destruqciuli propagandistuli manqana axdens ara realuri informaciis sasurvelad warmoCenas, aramed dezinformaciis Seqmna-gavrcelebas da aralegalurad mopovebuli informaciis (maT Soris, piradi informaciis) mimoqcevas. konstruqciuli propagandisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic SesaZloa farTo saxalxo CarTulobas gulisxmobdes da ar iyos marTuli politikuri jgufebis mier, destruqciuli propagandis warmoeba moiTxovs centralizebul midgomas. is xelisuflebis da politikuri jgufebis mier gamoyenebuli meTodia mimarTuli rogorc sakuTari moqalaqeebis, aseve sxva sazogadoebebis da saxelmwifoebis winaaRmdeg. mniSvnelovani Sedegebis misaRwevad aucilebelia procesebis efeqturi sinqronizacia.

sakuTari moqalaqeebis motyuebis da sakuTari sazogadoebis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli destruqciuli

propagandis miznebad SesaZlebelia moviazroT: konkretuli politikuri jgufis gaZliereba da misi qmedebebis (maT Soris, represiebis gatarebis SemTxvevaSic) legitimacia; metoqe politikuri jgufebis diskreditacia da politikuri velidan CamoSoreba; `mtris xatis~ Seqmna Sida politikuri krizisebis gadasafarad da aralegitimuri qmedebebis gasamarTleblad; `uZlevelobis miTis~ Seqmna metoqeebze zegavlenis mosaxdenad da sxv. am mimarTulebiT yvelaze mZime Sedegad unda CaiTvalos totaluri marTvis danergva da totalitaruli politikuri sistemis Camoyalibeba.

sxva sazogadoebebis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli destruqciuli propagandis miznebad SesaZlebelia da

vasaxeloT: garkveuli jgufebis da Rirebulebebis diskreditaciiT adamianebis daeWveba sakuTar RirebulebebSi (RirebulebiTi gaoreba da kulturuli Soki); sazogadoebis gaxleCa da siZulvilis gaRviveba (sazoga

doebrivi Tanxmobisa da masze dafuZnebuli pozitiuri mSvidobis SeuZlebloba); konfliqtebis da samoqalaqo dapirispirebis provocireba (politikur, eTnikur, religiur, socialur niadagze); saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli ideologiuri Tu kriminaluri jgufebis Seqmna, waxaliseba, legitimacia (e. w. `mexuTe kolonis Canergva~) da sxv. am viTarebaSi mZime Sedegad SeiZleba CaiTvalos saxelmwifo institutebis funqcionirebis SeuZlebloba da saxelmwifos CamoSla, rasac SesaZloa moyves xangrZlivi arastabiluroba da okupacia sxva saxelmwifos (saxelmwifoebis) mxridan.

destruqciuli propagandis mizani saerTaSoriso politikis doneze SesaZlebelia ganisazRvros ro

gorc: arsebuli samxedro, politikuri Tu ekonomikuri koaliciebis diskreditacia maTi funqcionirebis dasasusteblad; axali koaliciebis Seqmnis mcdeloba; saerTaSoriso konfliqtebis an terorizmis provocireba sakuTari saxelmwifos sagareo politikis gaaqtiurebisTvis da prestiJis ierarqiaSi adgilis mosapoveblad. sxva saxelmwifoebis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli destruqciuli propaganda emsaxureba sakuTari geopolitikuri Tu geoekonomikuri interesebis gatarebas saerTaSoriso politikaSi da arsebuli saerTaSoriso wesrigis gadasinjvas. am mimarTulebiT mZime Sedegad unda CavTvaloT msoflio omis dawyeba da masobrivi saerTaSoriso destruqcia. destruqciuli propagandis klasikur formebad ganixileba nacisturi da sabWoTa propaganda. am orma totalitarulma reJimma destruqciuli propaganda erTgvar xelovnebad aqcia, Seqmna propagandis specialuri instituciebi da sazogadoebis inteleqtualuri resursi (mecniereba, ganaTleba, xelovneba) Caayena propagandis samsaxurSi. propagandis virtuozis, iozef gebelsis saq

mianobis analizis safuZvelze, leonard dubma 1948 wels dawera wigni, sadac gebelsis propagandistuli ideebis aRwera-sistematizacia SemogvTavaza. gebelsis propagandis proncipebidan gvinda yuradReba SevaCeroT ramdenime aspeqtze1: 1. propagandis warmoeba unda moxdes centralizebulad. propagandis mwarmoebels unda hqondes wvdoma dazvervis mier mopovebul masalebze. propagandas mxari unda auban politikurma liderebmac. 2. Savi propagandis gamoyeneba unda moxdes, Tu TeTri propaganda ar muSaobs. propagandam unda daaswros mtris propagandas. 3. mowinaaRmdegis propagandis analizis safuZvelze, unda moxdes informaciis nawilis ignorireba, nawilis mxileba, nawilis sakuTari propagandisTvis gamoyeneba. 4. propagandistuli slogani unda iyos mkafio, mokle, gasagebi da dasamaxsovrebeli. movlenebs da adamianebs unda mivaweboT `iarliyi~. propagandistuli mesijebi unda SemuSavdes ise, rom man gamoiwvios maRali sazogadoebrivi interesi da uzrunvelyos mesijebis inerciiT gavrceleba. 5. propaganda ver moitans dauyovnebliv Sedegebs. man momavalSi unda gamoiwvios tendenciebis da mowinaaRmdegis qmedebaTa cvlileba. politikuri qmedebebis

1 Leonard W. Doob. Goebbels’ Principles of Propaganda. The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.14, No.3.1950.Onlinepublicationby:OxfordUniversityPressonbehalfofthe

American Association for Public Opinion Research. 2009. https://s3.amazonaws. com/academia.edu.documents/53319490/GoebbelsPrinciplesofPropaganda.pdf?responsecontentdisposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DAmerican_

Association_for_Public_Opinion.pdf&XAmzAlgorithm=AWS4HMAC

SHA256&XAmzCredential=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%2F20200228%2F useast1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&XAmzDate=20200228T120502Z&XAmz

Expires=3600&XAmzSignedHeaders=host&XAmzSignature=de8b3e216ecc8add23fdcdd6b38429b780cb87e1633063c7c85b2c6aede885c8

dagegmvisas winswrebiT unda gaviTvaliswinoT propagandis Sedegebic. zogierT SemTxvevaSi destruqciuli propagandis identificireba martivia. gansakuTrebiT misi xangrZlivad gamoyenebisas. sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis bolo aTwleulSi arc erT sabWoTa moqalaqes aRar sjeroda ssrk narativebis. Tumca es ssrk dasustebis da dasavluri rbili Zalis gazrdis Sedegi ufro iyo, vidre samoqalaqo cnobierebis amaRlebis. propagandas qmnian profesionalebi da adamianebi umetes SemTxvevaSi eqcevian misi zemoqmedebis qveS. rac meti adamiani daijerebs propagandistul narativs, miT ufro noyieri xdeba garemo axali propagandisTvis. destruqciuli propaganda zvaviviTaa, Tovlis erTi patara gunda did damangrevel masad iqceva procesis bolos. mas verc erT SemTxvevaSi ver gavaigivebT naiseul `rbil ZalasTan~ da `xisti Zalis~ komponentad miviCnevT. propagandis warmoebis teqnikas da mis meTodebs sxvadasxva dargis mecnierebi swavloben. rasakvirvelia, meTodebi cvalebadia drosa da sivrceSi, xolo meTodebis klasifikacia mravalferovani da mravalwaxnagovani. aq moiazreba rogorc totalitaruli politikuri sistemis Seqmnis istoriulad gamocdili sistemuri meTodebi (mag. pirovnebis kultis Seqmna), aseve samxedro Zalebis mier mtris winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis teqnika (mag. demoralizacia) Tu individze zemoqmedebis sxvadasxva fsiqologiuri meqanizmi (mag. refleqsia). aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom literaturaSi mimoxiluli propagandis klasikuri Tu Tanamedrove meTodebi xSir SemTxvevaSi emTxveva dezinformaciis gavrcelebis meTodebs, romelsac momdevno TavSi SevexebiT. destruqciuli propagandis sailustraciod SevarCieT ori saintereso meTodi, romelic aqtiurad ga

moiyeneboda totalitaruli mTavrobebis (nacisturi germania, sabWoTa kavSiri) mier da romlebic, rogorc Cans dResac aqtiurad gamoiyeneba basri Zalis mier. oqsfordis universitetis profesori korneliu biola propagandis erT-erT efeqtur meTodad refleqsuri kontrolis doqtrinas asaxelebs1 . doqtrina SemuSavda civi omis dros, 1960-ian ww-Si sabWoTa uSiSroebis sistemebSi da sainformacio omis erT-erTi cnobil da xangrZlivad gamoyenebad doqtrinad iTvleba. mis SemuSavebaSi monawileobda rusi mecnieri vladimer lefevri, romelmac aSS-Si sacxovreblad gadasvlis Semdeg meTodi aRwera Tavis publikaciebSi2 . meTodi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: samizne adamians an jgufs unda miewodos informacia imgvarad, rom man Secvalos Tavisi dagegmili qmedeba da miiRos sxva gadawyvetileba sakuTari nebiT, iZulebisa da zegavlenis Tavsmoxvevis gareSe. procesis dros mniSvnelovania `swori informaciis~ `swor dros miwodeba~ samizne piris fsiqotipis gaTvaliswinebiT (an samizne institutis sistemuri funqcionirebis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT). aRniSnuli procesis mTavari mizani da Sedegi SesaZloa sulac ar iyos konkretuli gadawyvetileba, aramed identificireba – samizne piri (Tu uwyeba) rogor iRebs gadawyvetilebebs an rogor reagirebs krizisul viTarebaSi. es erTgvari testia da msgavsi codna gamoiyeneba sxva ufro mniSvnelovan SemTxvevaSi. rasakvirvelia, am procesSi mniSvnelovania samizne piris (jgufis) fsiqotipis da susti mxareebis winaswari codna, aseve variaciis da interaqciis unari zegavlenis ganmaxorcieleblis mxridan.

1 Corneliu Bjola. Propaganda as reflexive control: the digital dimension. in: Countering online propaganda and extremism. The dark side of digital diplomacy.

Edited by Corneliu Bjola and James Pamment. Routledge. 2019. p.1327 2 ibid.p.15

sabWoTa kvlevebis eqspertis, timoTi tomasis kvlevebma aCvena, rom doqtrinam ganicada evolucia da dResac aqtiurad gamoiyeneba ruseTis samxedro da sadazvervo samsaxurebis mier sainformacio omis warmoebis procesSi1 . cifrulma revoluciam axali masStabebi SesZina meTods. civi omis pirobebSi ar iyo martivi saWiro informaciis mopoveba samizne piris (pirebis, jgufebis, uwyebis) Sesaxeb piradi informaciis CaTvliT. dRes Zalian martivia gavigoT informacia umcires detalebamde adamianis Tu organizaciis Sesaxeb maT mierve onlainsivrceSi ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis da atvirTuli masalebis (maT Soris, fotoebis) saSualebiT. aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebiT, SesaZlebelia ama Tu im sazogadoebaSi gaavrcelo informacia, romelic sakuTari moqalaqeebis TvalSi mmarTveli politikuri elitis diskreditacias moemsaxureba da ganapirobebs Sida politikur cvlilebebs. sagareo politikuri miznebisTvis, SesaZloa sxvadasxva Ria Tu faruli wyaroebiT gaavrcelo didi raodenobiT urTierTsawinaaRmdego informacia, raTa ver moxdes informaciis swori klasifikacia da analizi (teqnologiur saukuneSi informaciis mopovebaze ufro rTuli gaxda mravalmxrivi informaciis klasifikaciis da analizis unari). timoTi tomasi refleqsuri kontrolis safuZvelze ganxorcielebul qmedebad miiCnevs mcdari analogiebis mzard gavrcelebas (mag. kosovos magaliTiT manipulireba ruseT-saqarTvelos 2008 wlis omis da 2014 wlis yirimis aneqsiis wina periodebSi; an dasavluri struqturebis refleqsuri dadanaSauleba ruseTis winaaRmdeg dezinformaciis gavrcelebaSi...). aseve, gaxmaurebul `lizas saqmesac~ aRniSnul meTods ukavSirebs.

1 ibid.p.16

propagandistuli meTodi 40/60 – gebelsis saxels ukavSirdeba. meTodi gulisxmobs iseTi media saSualebis Seqmnas, romelic moaxerxebs mowinaaRmdege qveynis sazogadoebis ndobis mopovebas. Seqmnili da gavrcelebuli informaciis 60 % sandoa, relevanturi da asaxavs samizne sazogadoebis interesebsa da molodinebs. dezinformaciis gasavrceleblad xdeba darCenili 40 %is gamoyeneba. amgvari proporcia gacilebiT efeqturia vidre sruli dezinformacia, radgan sazogadoeba media-saSualebas aRiqvams rogorc sandos da profesionalers. magaliTad, meore msoflio omis dros gebelsis miTiTebiT da aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebiT funqcionirebda inglisurenovani radio, romelsac didi interesiT ismenda antifaSistur brZolaSi Cabmuli samyaro da britanul mauwyeblobad miiCnevda. simarTle ki mxolod omis dasrulebis Semdeg gairkva. 40/60 meTodi ar gamqrala nacizmis damarcxebis Semdeg da misi aqtiuri gamoyeneba daiwyo sabWoTa kavSirma civi omis dros. iseve rogorc civi omis sxva meqanizmebma, meTodma 40/60 post-sabWoTa periodSic SeinarCuna popularoba da efeqturad gamoiyeneba hibriduli omis warmoebis procesSi. da mainc, ratom aris propaganda aseTi mimzidveli adamianebisTvis? saxeldeba bevri mizezi, romlebic amgvarad SeiZleba davajgufoT: 1. propaganda martivad gasagebi mza produqtia da moqalaqisgan ar moiTxovs zedmet Zalisxmevas, moiZios informacia da Tavad gaakeTos analizi. 2. propaganda im socialuri fenis adamianebs, visac ar aqvs Sesabamisi ganaTleba da unarebi, garkveuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb warmoadginos kvalifikaciuri analizi, mza `inteleqtualuri sarCos~ miwodebiT exmareba aimaRlos TviTSefaseba da ipovos Rirseuli adgili sazogadoebaSi.

3. propaganda xangrZliv qmedebas gulisxmobs da Sesabamisad, droTa ganmavlobaSi is iwvevs ara mxolod SeCvevas da mimReblobas, aramed narkotikul damokidebulebas da meti `dozis~ miRebis survils. 4. propaganda qmnis saerTo RirebulebebiT gajerebuli jgufis identobas. erTis mxriv, individi ganicdis Temis zegavlenas da amave dros individi Tavad miiswrafvis Temis srulfasovani wevrobisken. propaganda elitizmiT daRlil sazogadoebebSi elitizmis daZlevis iluzias aCens da Tavad qmnis axal elitebs. sabWoTa elitebze dakvirvebam aCvena, rom amgvari jgufebi gamoirCeva maRali sicocxlisunarianobiT da TviTgadarCenis instinqtiT. sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevidan 30 wlis Semdegac ki sabWoTa propagandiT gamokvebili jgufebi ar gamqralan, maT ganicades transformacia da kvlavac axerxeben sazogadoebriv azrze zegavlenas. rogor unda moxdes propagandis identificireba da misgan sazogadoebis dacva? mravalricxovan literaturasa da winaaRmdegobriv diskusiebze dayrdnobiT warmovadgenT martiv klasifikacias. individisa da sazogadoebis doneze: 1. individis unarebis gaumjobeseba (kritikuli azrovneba, media wigniereba, cnobierebis amaRleba); 2. sazogadoebrivi azris sistemuri kvleva sazogadoebis molodinebisa da moTxovnebis identificirebisTvis; 3. fsiqologiuri analizi (mowyvladi jgufebis Rirebulebebis da qcevis Seswavla); 4. informaciis analizi da propagandis identificireba. propagandis Sedegebze dakvirveba. saxelmwifos doneze: 1. saxelmwifo institutebis koordinirebuli qmedeba, saxelmwifo interesebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli propagandistuli arxebis gamovlena da akrZalva. 2. sakuTar moqalaqeebTan strategiuli komunikaciis gaumjobeseba.

amgvarad, daskvnis saxiT gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom sityva `propaganda~ ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba uaryofiT konteqstSi da `destruqciul propagandas~ moiazrebs. is ar Seefardeba arc rbili da arc xisti Zalis naiseul ganmartebas. mas Cven basri Zalis Semadgenel nawilad moviazrebT. cifruli revoluciis epoqaSi propagandam ganicada transformacia da cifrul propagandad iqca, romlis sazRvrebi da efeqturoba gacilebiT masStaburia, vidre civi omis droindeli proklamaciebi Tu posterebi. cifruli propaganda ereva saerTaSoriso gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi da izrdeba diplomatiuri TamaSis `dahakvis~ safrTxe. cifruli propaganda cifruli diplomatiis `bneli mxarea~.

bibliografia:

1. Countering online propaganda and extremism. The dark side of digital diplomacy. Edited by Corneliu Bjola and James pamment. Routledge new diplomacy studies. 2019 2. Michael Erbschloe. Extremist propaganda in social media. A threat to homeland security. CRC press. 2019 3. The propaganda model today. Filtering perception and awareness.

Edited by Joan Pedro-Caranana, Daniel Broudy, and Jeffery Klaehn.

University of Westminster Press. 2018 4. Marcel H. Van Herpen. Putin’s Propaganda Machine; Soft Power and

Russian Foreign Policy. Rowman and Littlefield. 2016 5. The Oxford handbook of propaganda studies. Edited by Jonathan

Auerbach, Russ Castronovo. Oxford University Press. 2013 6. Nicholas J. Cull, David Culbert, David Welch. Propaganda and Mass persuasion. A historical encyclopedia, 1500 to the present. ABC CLIO. 2003 7. GuityNovin. A history of Graphic Design. The online textbook. Chapter 29. Propaganda Posters. http://guitynovin.blogspot.com/2010/05/ chapter29propagandaposters.html#SixteenP 8. Leonard W. Doob. Goebbels’ Principles of Propaganda. The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 3. 1950. Online publication by: Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Asso-

ciation for Public Opinion Research. 2009. https://s3.amazonaws. com/academia.edu.documents/53319490/GoebbelsPrinciplesofPropaganda.pdf?responsecontentdisposition=inline%3B%20 filename%3DAmerican_Association_for_Public_Opinion.pdf&XAmzAlgorithm=AWS4HMACSHA256&XAmzCredential=AKIAI WOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%2F20200228%2Fuseast1%2Fs3%2Faws4_ request&XAmzDate=20200228T120502Z&XAmzExpires=3600&XAmzSignedHeaders=host&XAmzSignature=de8b3e216ecc8add23fdcdd6b38429b780cb87e1633063c7c85b2c6aede885c8

kiTxvebi da davalebebi:

1. gsmenia TeTri, Savi, ruxi propagandis Sesaxeb? moiZie damatebiTi informacia da ganmarte, ra gansxvavebaa maT Soris. 2. moiZie informacia nacisturi germaniis da sabWoTa kavSiris propagandistuli qmedebebis Sesaxeb. moiyvane magaliTebi. 3. gaecani da Seadare nacisturi germaniis da civi omis droindeli propagandistuli posterebi. 4. moiZie informacia propagandis meTodebis Sesaxeb. daasaxele da ganmarte romelime maTgani. 5. daakavSire propaganda rbili da xisti Zalis Teorias

Tan. 6. SearCie sxvadasxva epoqis da Tematikis ori propagandistuli posteri. ratom SearCie es ori? ris propagandas eweva posteri da rogor aRwevs mizans vizualizaciiT? Sen rom Segxeboda es propaganda, imoqmedebda

Tu ara da ratom?

Ø es sainteresoa:

`lizas saqme~ bolo wlebis erT-erT skandalur SemTxvevad iqca.

2016 wlis axalwlis dReebSi, berlinis mcxovrebi rusuli warmoSobis 13 wlis gogona liza moulodnelad gauCinarda 30 saaTis manZilze. saxlSi dabrunebis Semdeg, man ganacxada, rom arabuli garegnobis mamakacebma gaitaces da gaaupatiures. arc policiam da arc gogonas mSoblebma gogonas moyolili ambavi simarTled ar CaTvales. erTerTi adgilobrivi gazeTis cnobiT, gogonas hyavda 19 wlis Turqi Tayvanismcemeli da swored masTan erTad iyo gaparuli. saxlSi iZulebiT dabrunebis Semdeg gogonam scada ambis SeTxzva Tavis gasamarTleblad. lizas ambavi darCeboda ojaxur konfliqtad, rom ara misi gamoyeneba politikuri miznebisTvis. rusulma da prorusulma mediam (ruseTis pirveli arxi, ruseTi dRes, sputniki) ambavi sensaciad aqcia da socialuri qselebis saSualebiT sazogadoebis yuradReba miipyro. ambavs gamoexmaurnen rusi maRalCinosnebi (maT Soris, ministri lavrovic), romlebic aqcents akeTebdnen germaniaSi rusulenovani mosaxleobis daucvelobaze. germaniaSi mcxovrebi mravalricxovani rusulenovani jgufebis diskriminaciis msxverplad gamocxadeba niSnavda adamianis uflebebTan mimarTebaSi germaniis dadanaSaulebas ormagi standartis gamoyenebaSi. skandalma gamoiwvia sxvadasxva tipis jgufebis gaaqtiureba da mravalricxovani saxalxo demonstraciebi germaniis qalaqebSi. neo-nacisturi jgufebi aqcents akeTebdnen migraciis problemebze. rigiTi germanelebi aRaSfoTa germaniis policiis uunarobam, daecva germaniis moqalaqeebis usafrTxoeba. rusulenovani jgufebi iTxovdnen uflebebis dacvas da pativiscemas germanuli sazogadoebis mxridan. lizas skandalis gasaanalizeblad, aucilebelia mimovixiloT politikuri konteqsti. ruseTis mier ukrainis nawilis okupacias germaniis maRalCinosnebis mkveTri gancxadebebi mohyva. wlebis manZilze naSenebi germania-

ruseTis konstruqciuli urTierTobebi safrTxis winaSe dadga. evropaSi swored germania gaxda ruseTis winaaRmdeg sanqciebis gamkacrebis erT-erTi iniciatori. germaneli maRalCinosnebi aRniSnavdnen, rom pirvelad civi omis Semdeg safrTxe Seeqmna evropul usafrTxoebas. germaniis mTavrobam da obamas administraciam dagegmes erToblivi qmedebebi. germaniis jarebi natos egidiT ganTavsda lietuvaSi, natos jari miuaxlovda ruseTis sazRvars. rusulma propagandam lizas skandali Seqmna kancler merkelis dasaSantaJeblad da politikuri realobis Sesacvlelad. migraciis Tema gamoiyenes didi migraciuli krizisis pirobebSi, rodesac germaniaSi moqmedi sxvadasxva politikuri Tu samoqalaqo jgufebi aqtiurad akritikebdnen merkelis saemigracio politikas. angela merkeli ar ahyva SantaJs. 2016 wlis noemberSi merkelis saparlamento jgufma Seqmna specialuri dokumenti, sadac aRniSnulia, rom ruseTi postsabWoTa sivrces ganixilavs sakuTari gavlenis sferod, Seqmna `ruseTis samyaros ideologia~ riTac arRvevs xalxTa Tavisufali arCevanis uzenaes principebs, manipulirebs gayinuli konfliqtebiT, mxars uWers asadis reJims siriaSi, riTac arRvevs saerTaSoriso samarTals. ruseTi cdilobs sxvadasxva qveynebis Sida politikaze zegavlenas (maT Soris, germaniaSi lizas skandaliT). sapasuxo nabiji unda iyos evrokavSiris da natos TavdacviTi meqanizmebis gaZliereba. erTi wlis Semdeg, 2017 wlis TebervalSi msgavsi faqti moxda lietuvaSi. gavrcelda informacia, rom germanelma jariskacma, romelic natos egidiT gaagzavnes lietuvaSi, Tineijeri gaaupatiura. ambavi iyo sruli sicrue. dezinformaciis mizani iyo rogorc natos jarebis diskreditacia, aseve SiSis danergva lietuvas sazogadoebaSi (meore msoflio omis droindeli SiSebis dabruneba da antiger