![](https://static.isu.pub/fe/default-story-images/news.jpg?width=720&quality=85%2C50)
7 minute read
winaTqma
winaTqma
rbili Zala XXI saukunis erT-erT yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebad terminad iqca msoflio masStabiT. internetis saZiebo sistemebi am terminTan dakavSirebul milionobiT statias, dokuments, monografias da sxva tipis masalas gvTavazobs. iseve, rogorc sxva xSirad gamoyenebuli terminebis SemTxvevaSi, am terminmac dakarga zusti ganmarteba da misi Sinaarsi bundovani gaxda. rbili Zala axal Teoriad unda CavTvaloT Tu mxolod popularul terminad? rogoria rbili Zalis fenomenis mimarT damokidebuleba akademiur Tu araakademiur wreebSi? ramdenad didia rbili Zalisadmi interesi samTavrobo wreebSi, mediasa Tu samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi? bolo aTwleulSi arasamTavrobo seqtorisa da akademiuri sferos warmomadgenlebi msjeloben rbil Zalaze saerTaSoriso forumebsa Tu konferenciebze. saqarTveloSic, sxva qveynebis msgavsad, dafuZnda organizaciebi, romlebic miznobrivad ikvleven rbili Zalis problematikas. rbili Zalis anatomias ZiriTadad saerTaSoriso an arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da media-kvleviTi centrebi aanalizeben. isini aqcents akeTeben rbili Zalis praqtikul gamoyenebasa da Sesabamisad, misi gavlenis prevencia-daZlevaze. swored amitom xSiria kvlevebi da RonisZiebebi media-wignierebaze, dezinformaciis gavrcelebis da faqtCekingis teqnikaze, dezinformaciis gamavrceleblebis gamovlenasa da sxva msgavs Temebze. Tumca, samwuxarod, sakiTxma ver SeaRwia akademiur sferoSi da
Advertisement
ver iqca politikuri mecnierebis da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis Temad an saswavlo kursad sauniversiteto programebSi mcire gamonaklisebis garda. aRniSnuli tendenciis mizezad ramdenime faqtori unda dasaxeldes. akademiuri sfero konservatiulia Tavisi bunebiT da uWirs saerTaSoriso politikis mimdinare problemebis myisierad asaxva. amasTan, rbili Zalis sakiTxi interdisciplinuria da rTulia misTvis konkretuli adgilis miCena tradiciul akademiur mimarTulebebSi, sadac kvlevebisTvis iyeneben aprobirebul meTodebsa da meTodologias. globalizaciis daCqarebuli tempi da rbili Zalis gavlenis swrafi zrda ar gvitovebs simSvidis uflebas. ruseTis rbili Zalis gaaqtiurebam saqarTveloSi (gansakuTrebiT, 2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omis Semdgom periodSi) unda ganapirobos rbili Zalis Temis prioritetuloba saqarTveloSi. 2016 wlis aSS saprezidento arCevnebSi ruseTis rbili Zalis zegavlenis eqspertulma dadasturebam rbili Zalis Tema prioritetulad aqcia msoflio masStabiT. winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo rbili Zalis sakiTxis akademiur sivrceSi adgilis gansazRvris mokrZalebuli mcdelobaa. saxelmZRvanelo SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT ZiriTad an damxmare literaturad sxvadasxva saswavlo kursebisTvis. aseve, SesaZlebelia saxelmZRvanelom xeli Seuwyos akademiur diskurss politikuri mecnierebebis (maT Soris saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis) dargSi. saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnis procesSi wavawydiT ramdenime mniSvnelovan problemas Tematikis gansazRvris da Teoriuli CarCoebis gamokveTis mimarTulebiT. saxelmZRvaneloSi rbili Zalis Teoriul CarCod ganvsazRvreT: jozef nais xedva rbili Zalis (Soft Power), xisti Zalis (Hard Power), Wkviani Zalis (Smart Power) da
Zalis difuziis Sesaxeb; aseve gaviTvaliswineT jesika ludvigis da qristofer uolkeris `basri Zalis~ (Sharp Power) termini, romliTac Tavisi specifikuri meqanizmebisa da mZime Sedegebis gamo calke segmentad gamoiyo ruseTis da CineTis rbili Zala. ruseTis da CineTis `rbili Zalis~ aRsaniSnavad saxelmZRvaneloSi viyenebT termins `basri Zala~, romelsac vmijnavT jozef naiseuli `rbili Zalisgan~. am ukanasknelSi `RirebulebiTi momxibvlelobis Zala~ moiazreba da is dasavluri samyaros maxasiaTeblad migvaCnia, rogorc civi omis, aseve mis Semdgom periodSi. `basri Zalis~ anatomia kidev ufro naklebad aris Seswavlili, vidre klasikuri `rbili Zala~. rusuli `basri Zalis~ analizisas daskvnebi umetesad mokle (mag. civi omis droindeli meTodebis aRorZineba) da fragmentulia (ZiriTadad dezinformaciis mimarTulebiT). Cven SevecadeT saxelmZRvaneloSi rusuli `basri Zalis~ elementebad gveCvenebina: sabWoTa propaganda, dezinformaciis gavrcelebis cifruli SesaZleblobebi da sainformacio operaciebi. nais `rbili Zalis~ TeoriaSi yvelaze sayuradReboa ara imdenad Zalis danawevreba da sxarti terminebis damkvidreba, aramed msjeloba Zalis difuziis Sesaxeb. Zalis difuzia, rogorc cifruli revoluciis Tanmdevi procesi, aris swored is mTavari tendencia, romelic cvlis Cvens warmodgenaSi damkvidrebul narativebs da meta-narativebs globalizaciis, saerTaSoriso politikis, diplomatiis, mediis da sxva aqtorebisa Tu faqtorebis Sesaxeb. amdenad, Zalis difuziaze dafuZnebuli saerTaSoriso politikis postmodernuli transformacia mniSvnelovan komponentad miviCnieT saxelmZRvanelos Tematikis gansazRvris dros. saxelmZRvanelos sxvadasxva TavebSi gan
vixilavT sakiTxebs, romlebic aqtiuri gansjis sagania saerTaSoriso wreebSi. samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi naklebad icnoben am Temebs da aqtualuri ar aris diskursi mimdinare saerTaSoriso tendenciebis Sesaxeb. maT Soris iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa Ria wyaroebiT gamoZiebis da cifruli Jurnalistikis mzardi politikuri zegavlena, samTavrobo diplomatiis cifrul diplomatiad gardaqmnis gamowvevebi da sxv. qarTulma sazogadoebam, romelic damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dRidan aqtiuradaa CarTuli saxelmwifos mSeneblobis da modernizaciis mZime procesSi, Tvali unda gausworos axal gamowvevebs. dRes samyaro Tvisobrivad icvleba, rac kidev ufro amZimebs Sida transformaciis process. bolo periodis gaxmaurebulma skandalebma (terorizmi, kiberTavdasxmebi, bavSvTa pornografia da a.S.) kargad aCvena, rom qarTuli saxelmwifo ar aris mzad Zalis difuziiT gamowveul axal gamowvevebTan gasamklavleblad.
Teoriuli msjelobis garda, saxelmZRvanelo gTavazobT sami SemTxvevis analizs: saqarTvelos, ukrainis da CrdiloeT makedoniis magaliTebze. saqarTvelos da ukrainis Sida Tu sagareo gamowvevebi metnaklebad msgavsia da maT xSirad ganixilaven erT konteqstSi. am ori qveynis magaliTis ganxilva gvaZlevs SedarebiTi analizis saSualebas. CrdiloeT makedoniis magaliTi sayuradReboa im mxriv, rom kargad gvaCvenebs Tu ra gamowvevebis winaSe SeiZleba aRmovCndeT momavalSi, evrointegraciis procesis finalur etapze.
*** saxelmZRvaneloze muSaobis procesSi gamoikveTa ramdenime sayuradRebo tendencia. Cvens mier gamoyenebul masalebSi saqarTvelo aRar moixsenieba rogorc rusuli
`basri Zalis~ safrTxis qveS myofi saxelmwifo. akademiur statiebsa Tu saerTaSoriso organizaciebis angariSebSi saqarTvelo sul ufro xSirad moiazreba rusuli gavlenis qveS myof da ara gavlenis safrTxis qveS myof saxelmwifod. msgavsi tendencia aCvenebs, rom saqarTvelo aRqmulia SezRuduli suverenitetis qveynad. damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg saqarTvelo gaxda rusuli politikis erTgvari laboratoria. saqarTveloSi gamoyenebuli da aprobirebuli meTodebi Semdgom aqtiurad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva regionSi. saerTaSoriso asparezze am Temis wamowevisTvis mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia akademiuri wreebis meti aqtiuroba, radgan saerTaSoriso azrs da tendenciebs swored mecnierebi, politikis mkvlevarebi da eqspertebi qmnian. saWiroa saerTaSoriso akademiur wreebs vaCvenoT saqarTvelos problemebis prioritetuloba. cifruli globalizaciis da Zalis difuziis procesSi axal gamowvevebTan gasamklaveblad aucilebelia miznobrivi centrebis Seqmna. centrebSi vgulisxmobT rogorc specialur saxelmwifo uwyebas, aseve akademiur kvleviT centrebs. sakiTxis kompleqsurobidan da mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, araracionaluria saxelmwifos usafrTxoebaze diskusia mivandoT mxolod arasamTavrobo seqtors an erTeul mkvlevarebs. Zalis difuziiT Tu ruseTis `basri ZaliT~ Seqmnili axali gamowvevebis kvleva moiTxovs mravalmxriv CarTulobas, fundamentur kvlevas da interdisciplinuri meTodologiis SemuSavebas. specialuri saxelmwifo centris saqmianobis miznad ganvixilavT rogorc axali tipis safrTxeebis identifikacias da prevencias, aseve muSaobas kanonmdeblobis daxvewis sakiTxebze. ukanasknel wlebSi sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi mravlad Camoyalibda msgavsi centrebi. maTi fun
qcionirebis modeli SesaZlebelia nimuSad gamodges. samecniero-analitikuri centris saqmianobis mizani unda iyos axali kvleviTi kiTxvebis, axali Temebis da korelaciebis dadgena. amisTvis koordinirebul kvlevebSi unda CaerTon sxvadasxva dargis mkvlevarebi (saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis eqspertebi, samarTlis da saerTaSoriso samarTlis, politikis mkvlevarebi, fsiqologebi, sociologebi, usafrTxoebis da kiber-usafrTxoebis mkvlevarebi, mediis da strategiuli komunikaciis eqspertebi, samxedro da sadazvervo saqmianobis eqspertebi, Teologebi, praqtikosi diplomatebi da sxva). maTi CarTulobis gareSe SeuZlebeli xdeba Sedegze orientirebuli kvlevebis ganxorcieleba Zalis difuziis Tu `basri Zalis~ safrTxeebTan dakavSirebiT. msgavsi kvleviTi centris Seqmna didi gamowvevaa qarTuli samecniero resursebis da interdisciplinuri kvlevebis simwiris gamo. saerTaSoriso eqspertebis procesSi CarTva erTaderTi logikuri da racionaluri gamosavalia. samomavlo kvlevebis TematikasTan dakavSirebiT, CamovTvliT ramdenime aspeqts, romelic aSkarad gamorCenilia Tanamedrove qarTul akademiur kvlevebSi. sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso kvlevebis mixedviT, propaganda da dezinformacia iwvevs narkotikul miCvevas da axalaxali ulufis moTxovnilebas. cifruli globalizaciis pirobebSi dezinformaciis zewolisgan Tu piradi safrTxeebisgan Tavis dacvis uunarobis mTavari mizezia sazogadoebaSi media-wignierebis dabali done. amasTan, axali safrTxeebis mimarT gansakuTrebulad mowyvladia zogierTi jgufi. maT Soris: bavSvebi, moxucebi, socialurad daucveli adamianebi da zogadad post-krizisuli sazogadoebebi. aseve TvalnaTelia korelacia politikuri institutebis efeqtur funqcionirebasa da Zalis difuziiT gamowveuli safrTxeebis daZlevas Soris.
aucilebelia kvlevebi, rac daadasturebs an uaryofs msgavs hipoTezebs saqarTvelos realobaSi. aseve gavrcelebuli aqsiomaa postsabWoTa adamianis mentaluri mzaoba daijeros warmoudgeneli da ar aiRos pasuxismgebloba sakuTar qmedebebze. Tumca konkretulad saqarTvelos sazogadoebis analizi verasdros gaxdeba saerTaSoriso mkvlevarTa kvlevis prioritetuli Tema. qarTuli sazogadoebis maRali mimRebloba rbili da basri meqanizmebis mimarT unda gamyardes kvlevebiT kognituri meqanizmebis, politikuri qcevis Tu sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.
Zalis difuzias aqvs dadebiTi mxareebic, magaliTad informaciis xelmisawvdomoba. am saxelmZRvaneloze muSaobac swored informaciis xelmisawvdomobam gaxada SesaZlebeli. gacifrebulia iseTi dokumentebic ki, rac sul raRac aTiode wlis win warmoudgeneli iqneboda.
Zalis difuziis da cifruli revoluciis mTavari upiratesobaa, rom rbil Zalas qmnian da iyeneben patara saxelmwifoebi da individebi. saerTaSoriso politikaSi individis rolis zrdasruliad axali movlenaa da saxelmwifoebi eguebian axal realobas. saqarTvelos saxelmwifom da qarTulma sazogadoebam unda gamoZebnos resursi sakuTari rbili meqanizmebis SeqmnisTvis, rogorc saxelmwifos reintegraciis, aseve mezobel saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. am miznis misaRwevad aucilebeli procesia axali teqnologiuri unarebis daufleba da sxvadasxva dargebis transformacia. magaliTad, axali saxalxo diplomatiis, cifruli Jurnalistikis da strategiuli komunikaciis ganviTareba da sxva. axali Taobis mkvlevarebs, sajaro moxeleebs Tu diplomatebs unda esmodeT, rom maT mouwevT iseTi unarebis daufleba, rasac maTi winamorbedebi ar flobdnen.
rbili Zalis axali meqanizmebis Seqmna saerTosaxalxo CarTulobas moiTxovs da scdeba samTavrobo Zalauflebisa da gadawyvetilebebis areals. aRniSnul konteqstSi gadamwyveti iqneba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis gaZliereba da profesionalizmi. samomavlo tendenciebze saubris da survilebis grZeli CamonaTvalis garda, cxadi xdeba zogierTi reformis aucilebloba, rac saxelmwifos Carevis gareSe ver ganxorcieldeba. mediawignierebis savaldebulo kursis CarTva ganaTlebis yvela safexurze is minimumia, rac uaxloes momavalSi unda gakeTdes saxelmwifos mxridan. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiuroba da zewola am mimarTulebiT gadamwyveti SeiZleba aRmoCndes.
Tanamedrove msoflios swrafi cvlilebebis, ryevebisa da revoluciebis xanaSi cxovreba rTulia, rogorc individisTvis, ise saxelmwifosTvis. gamowvevebisTvis Tvalis gasworebis gareSe saxelmwifo CamorCeba mimdinare saerTaSoriso tendenciebs da dakargavs momavali ganviTarebis orientirs. is erebi, romelTac ver SeZles procesebze miyola wina sami industriuli revoluciis dros, samudamod an didi xniT CamoSordnen civilizaciis ganviTarebas. meoTxe industriuli revolucia ar iZleva TviTizolaciis saSualebas. is bevr sikeTes moutans warmatebulebs da gadarCenis Sanss ar miscems CamorCenilebs.
*** saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba da gamocema SesaZlebeli gaxda WEASA-s (varSavis evro-atlantikuri sazafxulo akademia) 2019 wlis individualuri grantis safuZvelze. madlobas vuxdiT proeqtis sponsor organizaciebs. aseve madlobas vuxdiT: saxelmZRvanelos redaqtors, TinaTin xidaSels, proeqtiT dainteresebisa da gaweuli
SromisTvis; proeqtis saerTaSoriso eqsperts oleqsandra cexanovskas – ukrainis qeisis TanaavtorobisTvis; liliana pesova ilieskas, romelmac gagviwia konsultacia da mogvawoda masalebi CrdiloeT makedoniis magaliTis mosamzadeblad.