BORDERLANDS: INTERNATIONAL BORDERS AND THE HISTORY International borders are geographic boundaries, imposed both by geographic features including oceans, or by means of arbitrary groupings of political entities consisting of governments, sovereign states, federated states, and different subnational entities. Borders are mounted via war, colonization, or simple symbiotic agreements among the political entities that are living in those areas; the creation of these agreements is called boundary delimitation. A few borders—including maximum states' inner administrative borders, or inter-kingdom borders in the Schengen region—are open and entirely unguarded. Most outside borders are in part or absolutely controlled, and can be crossed legally only at specified border checkpoints; adjacent border zones will also be controlled. (Starr 2006) Borders can also encourage the establishment of buffer zones. A buffer zone is a neutral zone that exists between or between larger bodies of land, typically referring to countries. Depending on the shape of the buffer area, it could be used to separate or connect regions. Demilitarized zones, border zones, certain restricted easement zones, and inexperienced belts are all examples of buffer zones. Such zones can be formed by a sovereign nation acting as a buffer state. Buffer zones serve a variety of purposes, whether politically or otherwise.
Figure 5 Border security: Fencing and watch tower surveillance
In the pre-modern world, the term "border" became ambiguous and could refer to both aspects of the boundary; as a result, it became necessary to specify a portion of it with borderline or borderland. Throughout the mediaeval period, the government's control frequently reduced the in-addition people were given from the capital; as a result, borderland (particularly impassable terrain) attracted many outlaws, as they frequently found sympathizers. Historically, many borders were no longer clearly defined strains; instead, there were frequently intervening areas frequently claimed and fought over with the aid of each facet, sometimes known as marchlands. In modern times, the Saudi Arabian–Iraqi neutral zone existed from 9
