ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE - ADVANCED

Page 72

32

The animal kingdom A

Describing animals and birds mammal: animal that gives birth to live babies, not eggs, and feeds them on its own milk (e.g. cat, cow, kangaroo); a kangaroo is a special kind of mammal called a marsupial [its young grow in a pouch in front of the mother] rodent: e.g. mouse, rat  reptile: e.g. snake, lizard carnivore: animal that eats a diet that is mainly or exclusively meat (e.g. lion, tiger, hyena) herbivore: animal that eats a diet that is mainly or exclusively grass/vegetation (e.g. deer, cow) predator: animal that hunts/eats other animals (e.g. eagle, lion, shark) scavenger: animal that feeds on dead animals which it has not killed itself warm/cold-blooded: warm-blooded animals (e.g. mammals) have temperatures that stay the same; cold-blooded animals (e.g. reptiles) have to control their temperature by taking in heat from outside or by being very active

B

Describing typical animal behaviour Our old cat is a very docile creature. [behaves very gently] These birds are so tame, they will sit on your hand. [not afraid of humans, usually because of training or long involvement with humans]

Dogs and horses became domesticated thousands of years ago. [live with or are used by humans] There are wild cats in the mountains. [opposite of domesticated] A savage wolf killed three of the farmer’s sheep. [extremely violent or wild] A fierce dog guarded the gates. [behaves aggressively]

C

Life of animals and birds As more buildings and roads are constructed, the natural habitat for many species is shrinking.

[preferred natural place for living and breeding]

The arctic tern is a bird which migrates from the Arctic to the Antarctic, a round trip of over 70,000 km. Migration is when animals travel long distances to get to a different habitat. The dodo was a large flightless bird which was found on one island in the Indian Ocean but became extinct in the 17th century. [died out] You can see lots of animals in the big game reserves / game parks in Africa. [areas of land where animals are protected from hunting, etc.; game can be used to mean animals or birds that are hunted] There is a bird sanctuary near here. [protected natural area where birds can live and breed] We went to the local animal (rescue) shelter to see if we could get a dog there. [place where stray

cats, dogs, etc., i.e. pets that have lost their home, are given food and a place to live]

Language help A dodo is now used to mean someone or something out of touch or obsolete.

D

Human exploitation of animals and birds Many people are opposed to blood sports such as foxhunting and bullfighting. [sports whose purpose is to kill or injure animals]

Some people refuse to wear clothing made of natural animal fur, since they are opposed to the fur trade. [the selling of animal furs for coats, jackets, etc.] Poachers kill hundreds of elephants every year to supply the ivory trade. [people who hunt animals illegally] [the buying and selling of ivory from elephants’ tusks]

Animal rights activists often demonstrate outside research laboratories where animals are used in experiments. [people who actively campaign for the protection and rights of animals] Rhinos are hunted for their horn, which is said to have healing powers. [hard, pointed, often curved part growing from the head of an animal]

70

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced


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Articles inside

101 Red tape

4min
pages 210-211

Index

57min
pages 279-300

100 In the headlines

5min
pages 208-209

Acknowledgements

4min
pages 301-302

99 Language and gender

4min
pages 206-207

98 Divided by a common language

4min
pages 204-205

92 Collocation: which words go together

4min
pages 192-193

96 Connotation: making associations

5min
pages 200-201

91 One word, many meanings

4min
pages 190-191

93 Metaphor: seeing the light

5min
pages 194-195

95 Brushing up on phrasal verbs

5min
pages 198-199

94 Idioms for everyday situations and feelings

3min
pages 196-197

90 Easily confused words

4min
pages 188-189

89 English: a global language

4min
pages 186-187

88 Word-building and word-blending

3min
pages 184-185

87 Suffixes: forming new words

4min
pages 182-183

84 The way you say it

4min
pages 176-177

86 Prefixes: creating new meanings

5min
pages 180-181

83 Give or take: more vague expressions

4min
pages 174-175

85 Abbreviations and acronyms

4min
pages 178-179

82 Whatchamacallit: being indirect

5min
pages 172-173

81 Writing: style and format

5min
pages 170-171

80 Academic writing: text structure

4min
pages 168-169

79 Academic writing: making sense

4min
pages 166-167

76 Promises and bets

5min
pages 160-161

78 Agreement, disagreement and compromise

4min
pages 164-165

77 Reminiscences and regrets

5min
pages 162-163

75 A pat on the back: complimenting and praising

4min
pages 158-159

74 Apology, regret and reconciliation

5min
pages 156-157

73 Complaining and protesting

4min
pages 154-155

72 Permission: getting the go-ahead

3min
pages 152-153

71 Number: statistics and quantity

4min
pages 150-151

70 Modality: expressing facts, opinions, desires

4min
pages 148-149

68 Spot the difference: making comparisons

4min
pages 144-145

69 Difficulties and dilemmas

5min
pages 146-147

66 Speed: fast and slow

5min
pages 140-141

65 All the colours of the rainbow

4min
pages 138-139

64 Weight and density

4min
pages 136-137

63 Sounds: listen up

4min
pages 134-135

62 Manner: behaviour and body language

4min
pages 132-133

61 Motion: taking steps

4min
pages 130-131

60 Time: once in a blue moon

4min
pages 128-129

59 Space: no room to swing a cat

4min
pages 126-127

58 Energy: from fossil fuels to windmills

5min
pages 124-125

57 Technology of the future

4min
pages 122-123

56 Technology and its impact

5min
pages 120-121

55 Industries: from manufacturing to service

4min
pages 118-119

51 Healthcare

3min
pages 110-111

54 Diet, sport and fitness

5min
pages 116-117

53 Medical language

5min
pages 114-115

52 Illness: feeling under the weather

5min
pages 112-113

50 The news: gathering and delivering

5min
pages 108-109

49 Advertising

4min
pages 106-107

47 The media: in print

5min
pages 102-103

46 Personal finance: making ends meet

5min
pages 100-101

44 War and peace

5min
pages 96-97

43 The letter of the law

4min
pages 94-95

45 Economy and finance

5min
pages 98-99

48 The media: internet and email

5min
pages 104-105

35 Authorities: customs and police

5min
pages 78-79

41 British politics

6min
pages 90-91

40 The haves and the have-nots

5min
pages 88-89

39 History: since the dawn of civilisation

4min
pages 86-87

37 Festivals in their cultural context

4min
pages 82-83

38 Talking about language

4min
pages 84-85

36 Beliefs

4min
pages 80-81

34 Here to help: customer service

5min
pages 76-77

33 Our endangered world

4min
pages 74-75

32 The animal kingdom

5min
pages 72-73

31 Taking root and reaping rewards

5min
pages 70-71

29 Weather and climate

3min
pages 66-67

27 Attracting tourists

5min
pages 62-63

26 Travel and accommodation

5min
pages 60-61

30 Brick walls and glass ceilings

5min
pages 68-69

28 Describing the world

4min
pages 64-65

25 On the road: traffic and driving

6min
pages 58-59

24 Dinner’s on me: entertaining and eating out

4min
pages 56-57

23 Food: a recipe for disaster

5min
pages 54-55

22 Talking about books

5min
pages 52-53

19 Socialising and networking

5min
pages 46-47

21 The visual arts

5min
pages 50-51

17 All the rage: clothes and fashion

6min
pages 42-43

18 Home styles, lifestyles

4min
pages 44-45

20 The performance arts: reviews and critiques

4min
pages 48-49

16 Free time: relaxation and leisure

4min
pages 40-41

15 Birth and death: from cradle to grave

6min
pages 38-39

14 Negative feelings

5min
pages 36-37

13 Emotions and reactions

4min
pages 34-35

10 Describing people: personality and character traits

5min
pages 28-29

11 Relationships: friends forever

4min
pages 30-31

12 Relationships: ups and downs

4min
pages 32-33

9 Describing people: appearance and mannerisms

4min
pages 26-27

7 At work: careers

5min
pages 22-23

1 Cramming for success: study and academic work

6min
pages 10-11

Introduction

6min
pages 8-9

Thanks

0
page 7

2 Education: debates and issues

5min
pages 12-13

4 Job interviews

5min
pages 16-17

6 At work: job satisfaction

4min
pages 20-21

5 At work: colleagues and routines

5min
pages 18-19

3 Applying for a job

5min
pages 14-15
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