Portfolio

Kimmy El-Dash Portfolio

ZEDfactory & Zero Bills Home Specification & Construction system ZEDfactory Europe Ltd.

04

Jackson House New build 2 Storey dwelling ZEDfactory Europe Ltd. Brighton l 2017-18

06

Barnard Houses Victorian house conversion & 2 semi ZBH ZEDfactory Europe Ltd. Sidcup, London l 2017-18

12

Adventist School

Concept design ZEDfactory Europe Ltd. Sao Paulo, Brazil l 2016

18

ZED PODs

Micro-homes above car parks ZEDfactory Europe Ltd. United Kingdom l 2016

22

NS 2 BED Demand (kWh/m2) Yearly Cost of space heating (£0.176p kW)

ES 2 Bed

Elderly unit

1 Bed unit

9.6

11.6

7.6

6.4

£119.00

£141.00

£48.00

£38.00

Intermittent heat (for occupied hours);Temperature settings: Living room temperatures @20C & Bedrooms @18C

Fuel Poverty: Going beyond efficiency The role of architect and occupant

Living room Average daily resultant temperature Comparison (1920's x CfSH 4 x Proposed Design)

M. Arch Thesis project Belfast, N. Ireland l 2015

35.0

1000.0 900.0

30.0

800.0

25.0

600.0

15.0

500.0 400.0

10.0

300.0

5.0

Daily average radiation (Wh/m²)

Temperature (°C)

700.0 20.0

200.0

0.0

100.0

-5.0

Holiday Home

0.0

Daily Av of global horizontal radiation [Wh/m2]

Daily Av of diffuse horizontal radiation [Wh/m2]

Daily Av of 1920 S LivDin Resultant Temp (C)

Daily Av Proposed (NS 2) DesignLiving Resultant Temp (C)

Comfort Band (C)

30

Average of External Temperature (C) Daily Av of 2012 Living Resultant Temp (C)

Fd Degree Architectural technology Dunmurry, N. Ireland l 2012

42

Central Library Extension

Fd Degree Architectural technology Belfast, N. Ireland l 2011

48

Residential Scheme - Jundiai Graduation Project Jundiai, Brazil l 2001

52

3

ZEDfactory has a standard building specification which has been coupled with their own construction method, developed into the Zero Bills Home (ZBH) system.

The general build-up is insulated timber frame which is then ‘wrapped’ with woodfibre, creating breathable, well insulated fabric. The airtightness line is formed in between these 2 layers, with a self adhesive breathable airtight membrane. The Uvalues achieved are in the range of 0.12W/m2K. The build up is used for walls and roofs.

Render l Plasterboard 145mm Studs packed with mineral wool OSB sheathing Self-adhesive Breathable airtightness membrane 160mm Wood fibre Mesh + Render

Timber cladding l

ZF standard specification

This standard specification can be combined with especially designed steel positioning-beams that allow the studs, joists and rafters to be quickly positioned on site. This is the Zero Bills Homes system.

+ Breather membrane Fixing battens (fixed through to studs)

The materials, timber and mineral wool are sourced from local merchants.

A layer of OSB, covered with the airtightness membrane forms ‘a red box’: ‘if it’s not red, it’s not airtight’ (making the airtightness line easily visible, ensuring its continuity. to further improve performance, the woodfibre insulation wraps the ‘red box’, reducing cold bridging thus reducing Psi values.

Cladding (ventilated behind)

BIPV roof l

ZF standard specification

+ Photo Voltaic panels

ZEDfactory - specification 4

ZF standard specification

ZEDfactory Europe Ltd. England, UK l

ZF standard specification l

ZEDfactory Specification & Construction system

l The ZBH system

ZF standard specification

+ Steel stud/joist locator

ZBH

Hastings l 2017

ZBH system 5

Being a half basement has benefits when it comes to thermal performance, however daylighting had to be carefully considered.

Openings were positioned to allow for borrowed light in the lower floor, reducing dependency on artificial light. All rooms on the lower floor have high level openings, which will provide deep penetrating natural light and ventilation.

For security reasons these openings can be ‘locked’ to a small opening position, however the option to fully open them is also available.

The 120m2 house is being detailed to be very energy efficient with a healthy indoor environment, through a fabric first approach.

The careful detailing ensures a low level of air tightness, low U values and reduced cold bridging. This is being coupled with an airto-air/water system that will provide the space heating and hot water, powered by a roof integrated PV system.

Furthermore, as much as possible, natural materials are carefully selected to create a breathable envelope contributing to the indoor air quality.

The Project 6

Concept

l Rear garden development consisting of a 2 storey dwelling. The scheme is located in Brighton, in a conservation area, facing Preston Park. In order to ‘discreetly’ fit into the existing surroundings, it was necessary to ‘hide’ the dwelling as much as possible. The solution was to sink the dwelling. Furthermore, the roof was pitched,taking advantage of the orientation, with the eaves peaking out from behind the existing dwelling in front.

Main Road l

Original application

l

ZEDfactory Europe Ltd. Brighton l 2017-18

Site layout

Jackson House New build 2 Storey dwelling

Rear Garden l

Concealing the dwelling

Semi - Basement

Approved Design

Site Plan l

Existing house Green roof PV

Park

Park Views Terraces

Sire Section l



l Plans

Access & Lower levels l

Upper level l

5

2

1

6

7 11



















  





8

3



4 3 Lobby - Reduces losses from opening the doors Glazing - Daylighting to lower floor

5

1

9

1 10 Buffer space - (outside thermal envelope) quality space Sunken terraces - Daylight and natural ventilation - Views of the garden

Key: 1l 2l 3l 4l 5l 6l 









  













Bedroom Study Bathroom Lobby Sunken Terrace Kitchen

7l Dining 8l WC 9l Living 10l Buffer Space 11l Terrace

Thermal envelope

Layout 7

l Sections

Short section l

Long section l High level ventilation

Diffused daylighting

Natural ventilation

Solar loft reduces heat losses

PV roof

Entrance platform/Lobby

Upper Floor

Upper Floor

Lower Floor Lower Floor Semi Basement

l Daylighting l Entrance platform - glazed elements -Borrowed light for lower floor Openings (at high level) in all lower floor rooms allowing for natural daylight

Natural ventilation l Openings: -Tilt & turn window. Allows for natural ventilation, whilst still being safe

Sections 8

Thermal performance

Basement

l

Semi Basement

Heat Losses l Solar loft (Buffer space) -Reduces heat losses -Warmer ‘external’ area during cooler period, with views of the park -All elevations have openings to encourage cross ventilation during the warmer months Lobby - Enclosed lobby for reduction of heat loss directly to the outside Semi - Basement - Ground at ‘constant temperature’ throughout the year.

l Sunken Terraces

Detail l - Daylight and natural ventilation - Views of the garden

Retaining structure: Gabion baskets

Deck with slight camber encouraging water runoff + 5mm gap between boards Adjustable pedestals, raising the decking Gabion mattress for water runoff

Interior visualization l

Exterior visualization l

Detail 9

Heco-Topix Therm screw: Fixes battens to studs through the insulation, reducing thermal bridges

Section l

Timber frame

ICF

(Insulated Concrete Form)

Detail 10

Stud fixing thread

Corner Detail l Timber fixing thread

l ZF standard specification Wall - Cladding

Plan l

l Solar Loft

ZBH at the BREl

Visualization 11

l Site

Barnard Houses Victorian house conversion & 2 semi ZBH ZEDfactory Europe Ltd. Sidcup, London l 2017-18

Granvil

le Rd

Existing Victorian House

2No ZBH

Hatherl

ey Rd

The proposal is for the construction of 2N° energy efficient dwellings in the rear garden of an existing Victorian house, which will in turn be converted into 5 flats. The sale of the main house, will fund the pair of semi-detached houses.

The 2 new builds are based on one of the standard Zero Bills Homes (ZBH); however I have amended them to suit the client’s requirements and site constraints.

The neighbouring buildings are quite diverse both in height and in finishings. There are apartment blocks, terraced housing, semi-detached and detached dwellings, varying between 2 and 4 storeys. This diversity also extends to the building materials used, both in texture and in colour. Bricks (with wide range of colours), render, PVC, timber and clay tiles are mixed, creating a patchwork effect, which is replicated with the timber cladding in the proposed units.

The Project 12

Proposal

The dwellings are proposed to be accessed via Granville road, and as such follow the existing urban tissue. Keeping in character with the local area, the proposed dwellings are recessed back on the plot, which will allow for a hard and soft landscaped front garden area from where there is independent, safe and secure access to the garage, rear garden and the dwellings themselves.

The scheme has recently been submitted to the local planning authority for approval.

l

The dwellings are very similar, with differences being present only on the ground floor. The East house has an additional area that can be used as a home office, whilst the West one has an utility room. The first and second floors are identical.

Victorian House

5n0 flats

2n0 ZBH

l Conversion

FLAT 3

FLAT 4 (duplex)

FLAT 1

FLAT 2

FLAT 4 (duplex)

FLAT 5 (duplex)

FLAT 5 (duplex)

Ground floor l

First floor l

Second floor l

Conversion Layout 13

l Site analysis (ZBH)

3 Storey apartment block

In-curtilage parking

2 storey dwelling, with single storey garage

Commercial premises

No openings

20 Hatherley road

Commercial premises

Redu c

ed h

eigh

t

Distance

Dwellings

Urban ti

ssue alig

nment

PVs to face south optimizing performance Reduced height in proximity of existing building.

Existing urban tissue line to be maintained

ZBH - Site Analysis 14

Minimum openings/ translucent openings

Proposed dwelling to be recessed, Existing Victorian House allowing for in-curtilage parking

3 Storey Apartment block

l Site

Key: 1l 2l 3l 4l 5l 6l

Independent cycle & pedestrian access Single storey (daylight neighbouring)

Kitchen / dining Garage Home office/utility Kitchen Bedrooms Solar loft

Small opening (privacy & natural ventilation) Integrated PVs main building m/ s

5 .0 0 + 4 .5 0 4 .0 0 3 .5 0 3 .0 0 2 .5 0 2 .0 0 1 .5 0 1 .0 0 0 .5 0

Plans

l

0 .0 0

Ground l

First l Protected access

Second l Design helping reduce potential noise issues

1

5 5 2

3

4 5

6

Layout 15

Front l

Green Roof

Visualisations 16

Natural ventilation & privacy

Sheltered access (wind and rain sheltered)

Independent access (side alley)

Rear l

Green Roof

Natural ventilation & privacy

Solar loft

BIPVs

Cycle store (external convenient access)

Visualisations 17

l

Site analysis l

Através da análise do terreno foram identificadas uma série de questões, que vieram a influenciar o projeto.

1

Os ventos predominantes no verão tem a direção de Sudeste a Noroeste e durante o inverno do Leste a Oeste.

©2017 ZEDfactory Europe Ltd.

Administrative block, auditorium, cafeteria, sports centre and large lecture hall are placed at the top of the hill, all connected through a network of steps and ramps.

Class rooms are located near the main entrance (in the west) in the steepest part of the site. They will be the focus for the purposes of this portfolio.

Proposal 18

Co s ta

iro

R. W ald

em ar

da

ont e R. M nte

es irel Me

R. V itor

ava iC Vegetação existente

Cooler period prevailing winds

Vegetação existente

Condominio fechado

l

Summer prevailing winds

Concept

Acessos The site is the ‘left-over’ land from the development of an upper class gated community to the south.

Verão - VentoTo Predominante (O) the north, at the bottom of the hill, there is a lower Inverno - Vento Predominante (NE) class neighbourhood. The site presents difficulties in relation to the steep levels involved. The proposal 6 attempts to reduce a minimum the soil movement, with the proposed buildings being essentially on stilts.

R. D

The architectural concept is based on the development of the interaction between the children and the beautiful nature surrounding them. In Terreno order to achieve this, the different functions of the school will be spread-out through the site Campo instead de futebol utilizado pela comunidade of concentrated in one or 2 buildings. This will Sabesp Desativada establish a continuous circulation throughout the whole site,where everyone will be interacting with Vistas - vegetação nature and each other.

Cume do morro

Vegetaca o

existente

The school’s ethos is to develop the links between the children and their surroundings creating an understanding and appreciation of the natural environment.

A.M.

nte

base para a implantação dos diferentes edifícios que formam a Escola Parque Adventista.

Bairro residencial

P.M.

lca

Um campo de futebol comunitário foi identificado a Noroeste do terreno e é muito utilizado pela comunidade. Na área mais alta

e central do terreno existe uma estação de distribuição de água The site is located in the outskirts of Sao Paulo.

The desativada, SABESP. project consists of a primary and secondary school O terreno, e seu entorno, é coberto por vegetação e esta localizado em uma área com topografia acentuada. Essa combinação foi determinante na definição do partido arquitetônico, servindo como for the ‘Escola Adventista’,

R. V ice

yington

Análise do Contexto

O terreno se encontra entre o bairro residencial Colinas da Anhanguera (ao norte) e o condomínio residencial Itahyê II (ao Sul).

A principal avenida de acesso é a Av Perola Byington, localizada a Oeste do terreno, mas há outros acessos pelo bairro.

cume

2

Av. Perola B

Concept design ZEDfactory Europe Ltd. Sao Paulo, Brazil l 2016

Análise do Terreno

Site analysis

Adventist School

1

Terreno

iro

Auditorium

Administrative block

Complexo esportivo

70m 2min

105m 3min

140m 4min

175m 5min

Complexo esportivo Edifício Ponte

Sports Complex

350m 10min

4

1

Ensino Médio

Farm

Ensino Fundamental Infantil Fazendinha Circulação Campo de Futebol Espaço arco-iris

l

15

Site distribution

3

Co s ta da ar em

Vit R.

3

5

Auditório / 3° ano

Football pitch Fazendinha

2

Wa ld

35m 1min

Refeitório

©2017 ZEDfactory Europe Ltd.

Auditório

Bloco administrativo

R.

te lca n Ca va

Administração

Campo Futebol

R.

Di

Volumetria–Usos

Residential area

Class rooms

Core building

or Me ire les

Terreno Salas de aula

on te

R. Waldemar da Costa e R. Iolanda Mahali:

.M

R. Vicente do Rego Monteiro:

5

eR

R. Vitor Meireles:

4

ent

3

Vic

R. Di Cavalcanti:

R.

Av Pérola Byington:

2

Proposta Projectual

Av. Perola Byington

l

Support building

1

li

Site distribution

Class Rooms

a Mahha

Suporte

2

R. Ioland

Distancia a pé

Salas de aula

Sports complex Small Farm

Auditorium Administration Core building

Early years Primary Secondary

19

l Class Room Unit Analysis & Strategy

Morning l

Cooler period prevailing winds

Daylight Summer prevailing winds

Internal gains Afternoon l

Comfort l Cooler period prevailing winds

Attenuate Heat Gains : Shading (avoid solar gains) Thermal mass (control internal gains) Natural Ventilation Daylighting: Openings (glare potential)

Daylight Summer prevailing winds

Internal gains

Analysis 20

l Class Room Unit Analysis & Strategy

Parametric modelling l

Concept l

CFD l Impact of the topography on prevailing winds Room ventilation (positioning of openings to encourage cross ventilation) Daylighting l Suitable daylight standards requirement.

Avoid glare Thermal l General shading strategies & Thermal mass Creation of a comfortable environment throughout the academic year for both morning and afternoon classes

Circulation

Class room

Shading device

Heat gain attenuation strategy l

South/East openings l

Green roofs with suitable plants species PVs as a ‘second skin’ at appropriate angles

Louvred glazing Daylight &ventilation

Diffused Daylight l

(South - avoiding glare)

Circulation l Buffer space protects class rooms from direct solar radiation: Concrete roof cantilevering out to cover circulation space Cobogo (shading the circulation space, whilst allowing for views and natural daylight

Concept 21

ZED PODs

nt

Micro-homes above car parks ZEDfactory Europe Ltd. United Kingdom l 2016

WHO is the ZEDpod for?

The target is young professionals that need to save-up in order to get on the property market; Key workers; WHY ZEDpod?

No need for land acquisition, contributing to the lower cost of the units; Speed of construction as the ZEDpods are assembled in a factory and taken to site on the back of a lorry and placed over the car parking area with a forklift.

Re

WHAT is the ZEDpod?

Low cost energy efficient starter (micro) home within city boundaries, over existing areas of parking or garages, preferably close to transport links

? £££

£

Concept 22

• Area with 47 derelict garages

Elmhurst - Batheaston

• Unsightly

• Area used by parents to drop-off children attending local school

Site 1 - Derelict garages

l

• Area with 47 derelict garages

• Informal parking causing issues with traffic flow Existing site l

• Area used by parents to drop-off children attending local school

Garage Image

• Informal parking Acausing issues with traffic flow Playground

Garage Image

Batheaston School

Skate board Area

Playground

B

A

Multi-use Sport court

Skate board Area Football pitch Garage Image

Site Analysis

B

Multi-use Sport court

Site Analysis

Site Analysis Site Analysis

Batheaston School

w www.zedpods.com

Batheaston School w www.zedfactory.com

Batheaston School

A Derelict garages l

t 020 8404 1380

f 020 8404 2309

e info@zedpods.com

Curo land boundary

t 020 8404 1380

f 020 8404 2309

e info@zedpods.com

w www.zedpods.com

f 020 8404 2309

w www.zedfactory.com

St Catherines Brook

Additional land boundary

Informal car parking (Approx.20 s

Informal car parking (Approx.20 spaces) 47 No Existing Garages 47 No Existing Garages

Lands owned by Curo

Additional land boundary

Informal car parking (Approx.20 spaces)

Lands owned by Curo

Traffic flow

Informal car parking (Approx.20 spaces)

47 No Existing Garages

Traffic flow

Lands owned by Curo

t 020 8404 1380

f 020 8404 2309

Lands owned by Curo

w www.zedfactory.com

e info@zedpods.com

w www.zedpods.com

Traffic flow

e info@zedpods.com

www.zedpods.com Pedestrianw Route

w www.zedfactory.com

14

Pedestrian Route

w www.zedpods.com w www.zedfactory.com Pedestrian Route

w www.zedpods.com

w www.zedfactory.com

Concept applied - Site 1

w www.zedfactory.com

Pedestrian Route

Traffic flow t 020 8404 1380

Additional land boundary

Additional land boundary

f 020 8404 2309 e finfo@zedpods.com t 020 8404 1380 020 8404 2309 e info@zedpods.com t 020 8404 1380 47 No Existing Garages

w www.zedpods.com

Curo land boundary

Curo land boundary

Curo land boundary St Catherines Brook

13

©ZEDpods Ltd. All rights reserved.

St Catherines Brook

w www.zedfactory.com

B

13

14

23

14

©ZEDpods Ltd. All rights reserved.

e info@zedpods.com

St Catherines Brook

Football pitch f 020 8404 2309

©ZEDpods Ltd. All rights reserved.

t 020 8404 1380

St Catherines Brook

Batheaston School

©ZEDpods Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Derelict garages l

B

©ZEDpods Ltd. All rights reserved.

hool

s.com

Access and circulation l

• Unsightly

13

• For drop off area • Separate parking•for PODs complex Separate parking for PODs complex • Maintenance access • Maintenance access Independent Drop Independent off area Drop off area

shared surface

Traffic Flow l

Pedestrian route l

Indicative Ground Floor POD complex isolated from safe drop-off area Relocation of multi-use sport court (TBC) Traffic flow

Pedestrian route Pedestrian circulation to access PODs (single crossing point) Pedestrian access from designated drop-off zone through raised shared surface

Improved Traffic flow bays 47No parking ds ownedImproved

by CuroLands Traffic flow owned by Curo

Traffic area flow for drop off area Traffic 47No parking bays flow for drop off

St Catherines Brook

route PedestrianPedestrian route

St Catherines Brook

ffic flowTraffic flow

to access PODs (single crossing point) PedestrianPedestrian circulation circulation to access PODs (single crossing point)

©ZEDpods Ltd. All rights reserved.

PODisolated complex isolated from safearea drop-off area complex from safe drop-off Relocation of multi-use sport court (TBC) cation of multi-use sport court (TBC)

St Catherines Brook

St Catherines Brook

St Catherines Brook

Improved Traffic flow • For drop off area • Separate parking for PODs complex • Maintenance access Independent Drop off area

Indicative icative Ground Ground Floor Floor

12 bays for community 12use/ bays for community use/ Pedestrian route through Pedestrian Pedestrian access from designated drop-off zone raisedroute Pedestrian accessstorage from designated drop-off storage Bin stores/cycle store Bin stores/cycle storezone through raised

ft 020 0208404 84042309 1380

ef info@zedpods.com 020 8404 2309

15

w www.zedfactory.com w www.zedfactory.com w www.zedpods.com

Lands owned by Curo

47No parking bays

Traffic flow for drop off area Traffic flow for POD complex

12 bays for community use/ storage Bin stores/cycle store

Pedestrian route

Existing Dwellings

8No additional bays

Maintenance

Vertical circulation (stairs to access PODs)

Raised shared surface between pedestrians and cars

t 020 8404 1380

Circulation 24

w www.zedpods.com e info@zedpods.com

f 020 8404 2309

e info@zedpods.com

w www.zedpods.com

w www.zedfactory.com

©ZEDpods Ltd. All rights reserved.

• For drop off area • For drop off area Traffic 8No additional Traffic flow for POD complex 8No additional baysflow for POD complex Existing Dwellings • Separate forbays PODs complex shared surface • Separate parking forparking PODs complex shared surface Raised shared surfaceRaised between shared surface betwee Vertical circulation (stairs to access PODs) • Maintenance access Vertical circulation (stairs to access PODs) pedestrians and cars Maintenance pedestrians and cars Maintenance • Maintenance access Independent Drop off area Independent Drop off area

ting Dwellings

04 1380

Pedestrian access from designated drop-off zone through raised shared surface

15

15

Long Section Layout l Indicative

First Floor

Short Section l

Indicative First Floor

Multi use sport court (Location/dimension TBC)

Multi use sport court (Location/dimension TBC)

Long Section Long Section Multi use sport court (Location/dimension TBC) Multi use sport court (Location/dimension TBC)

Multi use sport court (Location/dimension TBC) Multi use sport court (Location/dimension TBC)

Long Section

24 pods

Covered communal space

Vertical Access

Views

Landscape in drop-off area serves as a natural screen between existing and proposed PODs

Long Section

Landscape in drop-off area serves as a natural screen between existing and PODs Landscape in proposed drop-off area serves

Long Section l

Long Section

• 24 ZEDpods 24 pods

as a natural screen between existing and proposed PODs

Covered communal space

24 pods

Covered communal space

Vertical Access

Views

with views of exiting trees and St Catherines Brook • 24 ZEDpods

• Definition of raised communal spaces for residents • 24 ZEDpods with views of exiting trees and St eCatherines Brook f 020 8404 2309 info@zedpods.com t 020•8404 1380 Definition of raised communal spaces for residents

PV Roof

w www.zedpods.com

with views of exiting trees and St Catherines Brook t 020 8404 1380 t 020 8404 1380

f 020 8404 2309 f 020 8404 2309

e info@zedpods.com e info@zedpods.com

w www.zedfactory.com PV Roof PV Roof

w www.zedpods.com w www.zedpods.com

w www.zedfactory.com w www.zedfactory.com

Communal Space

Communal Space Communal Space

B Balcony B Balcony

B Balcony

©ZEDpods Ltd. All rights reserved. ©ZEDpods Ltd. All rights reserved.

• Definition of raised spaces for residents Views Vertical Access communal A Access (Door & Small WC window)

A Access (Door & Small WC window) A Access (Door & Small WC window)

16

16

Proposed layout 16

25

‘Stitching’ the urban fabric line

Site 2 - Easy Commute

l

Site location

Existing buildings ‘Broken’ existing urban fabric line

Site Analysis

Existing car park l

ZPODs

Closing the Urban fabric l fabric line ‘Stitching’ the urban

tern h Eas

Sout

Road

Existing buildings

Car park Entry / Exit Existing buildings

Site Boundary

96No Car parking spaces ZPODs

‘Broken’ existing urban fabric line

Pedestrian access

Existing buildings

Car park Entry / Exit

Site Boundary

96No Car parking spaces

‘Broken’ existing urban fabric line

Pedestrian access

Covered areas

ZED POD

ZED POD

1

Site Analysis Gr ov eR oa d

Urban Concept

2

1

3

South Eastern Road View from car park

k

c ra

n tio

a St

1

ad

Ro

SiteRoad Analysis South Eastern View from car park

t ay

ilw

Ra

Strood Railway Station

Urban Concept Existing buildings Layout l ‘Broken’ existing urban fabric line

Existing car park l

Car park Entry / Exit

Site Boundary

96No Car parking spaces

‘Broken’ existing urban fabric line

Pedestrian access

‘Stitching’ the urban fabric line Existing buildings ZPODs

Existing buildings

Car park Entry / Exit

Site Boundary

96No Car parking spaces

‘Broken’ existing urban fabric line

Pedestrian access

2

Covered areas Grove Road View from car park

ZED POD ZED POD

2

Grove Road

View from car park - Site 2 Concept applied 26

‘Broken’ existing urban fabric line

ZED POD

Ur

Covered areas

‘Stitching’ the urban fabric line

Proposed Site

POD flexibility l

Visualisation l Existing buildings ZPODs Terraced (12No) Ra

ZPODs 90o (18No)

ilw

ay

tra

ck

ZPOD commercial (4No) Sta

tio

Communal Space

nR

oa

d

Amenity area Raised Circulation Vertical Circulation uth So

Pedestrian circulation

Ea rn ste ad Ro

91No Car parking spaces

• ZPODs & ZPOD 90o are positioned in a sensitive manner reconstructing the urban fabric.

d

oa

eR ov Gr

• Vertical circulation is restricted to 3 points Once above ground level pedestrians can circulate throughout the raised pop-up village

ed Site Existing buildings

• The ZPODs have a covered communal space, which encourages interaction between occupants.

ZPODs Terraced (12No)

• Grove road elevation recessed to prevent overlooking issues and reduce daylighting implications.

ZPODs 90o (18No) ZPOD commercial (4No) Existing buildings

Communal Space

ZPODs Terraced (12No)

Amenity area

ZPODs 90o (18No)

Raised Circulation

ZPOD commercial (4No)

Vertical Circulation

Communal Space

Pedestrian circulation

Amenity area

91No Car parking spaces

ZED POD

Visualisation l

• Commercial units are being proposed. They can also benefit from views of the amenity area • Amenity area provides a ‘centralized’ open space, that is intended to be shared by occupants.

ZED POD

Raised Circulation

• ZPODs & ZPOD 90o are positioned in a sensitive manner reconstructing the urban fabric.

Vertical Circulation Pedestrian circulation

• Vertical circulation is restricted to 3 points Once above ground level pedestrians can circulate throughout the raised pop-up village

91No Car parking spaces

• The ZPODs have a covered communal space, which encourages interaction between occupants.

• ZPODs & ZPOD 90o are positioned in a sensitive

• Grove road elevation recessed to prevent overlooking issues and reduce daylighting implications.

ZED POD

27

shed)

shed)

Site 3 - Parking & garages

l

1 1

1

Old Road, Medway

Existing car park and Garages l

Site surroundings l

2 2

2

1 1

2

1

Existing car park and Garages l

1

Northern curve View from the road

Existing buildings Existing buildings

1

Site boundary

Existing car park l

1

Site boundary

80No Car Garages parking spaces 10No (to be demolished)

Road West Access 80No parking spaces 2Car Old

10No Garages (toView befrom demolished) the road 80No Car parking spaces

Northern curve View from the road

Existing buildings Site boundary

10No Garages (to be demolished) 80No Car parking spaces

Concept West Access - Site 3 2 Old Roadapplied 28

10No Garages (to be demolished)

buildings Site Existing boundary 10No Garages (to be demolished)

Site boundary Existing buildings 80No Car parking spaces

Northern curve View from the road

View from the road

ZED POD

2

1

Northern curve View from the road

Northe View fr No Vie

Old Road West Access View from the road

ZED POD

2

Old Roa View fro 2 Old View

Proposed site layout Site Layout l

Visualisation l Existing buildings ZPODs Terraced (16No.) ZPODs 90o (12No.) Communal Space Raised Circulation Vertical Circulation Pedestrian circulation 12No additional spaces (Replacing garages) 5No Spaces lost for circulation 87No Car parking spaces

ZED POD

Visualisation l Existing buildings ZPODs Terraced (16No.) ZPODs 90o (12No.) Communal Space

ZED POD

Existing buildings

Raised Circulation

ZPODs Terraced (16No.)

Vertical Circulation

ZPODs 90o (12No.)

Pedestrian circulation

Communal Space

12No additional spaces (Replacing garages)

Raised Circulation Vertical Circulation

5No Spaces lost for circulation 87No Car parking spaces

Pedestrian circulation 12No additional spaces (Replacing garages) 5No Spaces lost for circulation 87No Car parking spaces

Before

After

29

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

60.0

100.0

MID

(kWh/m²/yr)

(kWh/m²/yr)

0.0

(kWh/m²/yr)

Low income

££

Efficiency

££

Efficiency Fuel costs

Fuel costs

£

£

Fuel costs

Efficiency

Fuel costs

2012 Heat Load (Semi Det) (kWh/m2/Yr)

Architects North facing

South facing

element

West facing

Walls: Roof plane: Floor: Windows:

0.12W/m²K 0.10 W/m²K 0.11W/m²K 0.95W/m²K

West facing

7159mm

Architects

Occupants

Occupants

efficiency

Mechanically systems: -Programmer -TRVs -U values Mechanically systems: -Thermostats -Air tightnes -Programmer -MVHR Envelope efficiency:

Envelope efficiency:

Air tightness: 4 m³/hr/m²

of the climate of Belfast,(Living the20C urban & Bedroom 18C) tissue and dwellings (which compared units from 1920 and 2012) combined with an analysis of the occupants behaviour, a series of conclusions were drawn which were then applied to the proposed scheme with the aim to reduced energy demand.

East facing

U values

efficiency

Air tightness: 4 m³/hr/m² (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

1.47W/m²K

Air tightness: 14 m³/hr/m² From the analysis (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

Low income

Low income

-

Efficiency

Low income

60.0

80.0 A new strategy, which the 40.0 consists of understanding howEND 40.0 MID 60.0 20.0 occupants live and 20.0 interact with their homes, as well as END 40.0 0.0 0.0 acknowledging the architects role in this process, is being North facing South facing20.0East facing West facing proposed. Through the use of passive design strategies 0.0 the proposed dwellings haveelement reduced the predicted fuel East facing U values North facing South facing East facing West facing North facing South facing Walls: from 1.46W/m²K consumption for space heating 40kWh/m2 (for a Roof plane: 0.18 W/m²K typical 2012 unit) to0.51W/m²K under element 12kWh/m2U values element U values social housing Floor: 0.12W/m²K per year,1.46W/m²K reducing the financial burden on theWalls: fuel poor Windows: 1.47W/m²K Walls: Roof plane: 0.10 W/m²K Roof 0.18 Furthermore W/m²K Air tightness: 14to m³/hr/m² in plane: Belfast. it contributes the governments Floor: 0.11W/m²K (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C) Floor: target of0.51W/m²K reducing CO2 emissions.

Windows: 0.95W/m²K

Windows:

l

In the UK, the domestic sector accounts for over 25% of total CO2 emissions. Furthermore, space heating is responsible for over 62% of dwellings consumption.

Through improvements in the efficiency of dwellings fabric, combined with installation of mechanical equipment there has been significant reduction in consumption for newly built dwellings, which not only helps reduce CO2 levels, 1920s - Heat Load but also helps mitigate fuel poverty.

The thesis challenges (kWh/m²/yr) 1920s - Heat Load 2012 Heat Load (Semi 120.0Det) 120.0 this (kWh/m²/yr) strategy and goes beyond improving the buildings (kWh/m2/Yr)100.0 100.0 120.0 fabric performance. 80.0 80.0

Changing the strategy

-

l M. Arch Thesis project Belfast, N. Ireland l 2015

Current strategy

Fuel Poverty: Going beyond efficiency The role of architect and occupant

-U values -Air tightnes

-TRVs -Thermostats -MVHR

Informed Design

7159mm

Informed Design

4540

5200mm

The schemes performance is also shown in the following pages. Firstly the site design process and the proposed layout; Secondly the units design process and then proposed units.

5200mm

4540

3770

Sensitive dwellings

6491

6491

An example of an antecipated occupant behaviour is shown, and to finalise, an average daily temperature comparison which shows the improvement achieved by this thesis proposal en relation to the current strategy.

3770

City

Design

Active occupants

6491

6491

Sensitive dwellings

3770

30

Understanding how the city, building & occupant interact

3770

The Proposal

City

Design

Active occupants Understanding how the city, building & occupant interact

2 .0

0 .0

9 .0 8 .0

1 .0

40.0

0 .0

20.0 0.0

%D F 1 0 .0 + 9 .0 8 .0

5.0+ 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 North facing South 2.5 facing 2.0 1.5 element 1.0 Walls: 0.5 Roof0plane:

Floor: Windows:

7 .0 6 .0 5 .0

MID END

80.0

1 0 .0 +

40.0

9 .0 8 .0

20.0

East facing

West facing

0.0 North facing

3 .0

6 .0

South facing

5 .0

4 .0 element

U values

1.46W/m²K 0.18 W/m²K 0.51W/m²K 1.47W/m²K

l

(kWh/m²/yr)

Wind velocity (Ecotec/Winair)

0 .0

5200mm

100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0

4540

2012

North facing

6491

Walls: Roof plane: Floor: Windows:

£

East facing

Efficiency

40.0 0.0

s

m²K m²K m²K m²K

Roof plane: Floor: Windows:

%D F

East facing

U values

0.12W/m²K 0.10 W/m²K 0.11W/m²K 0.95W/m²K

West facing 1 0 .0 +

7 .0

3 .0

6 .0

220.0 .0

5 .0

40.0

1 .0 0.0

3 .0

0 .0

North facing 1 .0

9 .0

7 .0 6 .0 5 .0 4 .0

Envelope efficiency: -U values -Air tightnes

East facing

40.0

5 .0

6491

Envelope efficiency: 2012 Heat Load (Semi Det)

South facing

element

Walls: Roof plane: Floor: Windows:

(kWh/m2/Yr)

120.0

-U values -Air tightnes

100.0 80.0 60.0

Mechanically systems: -Programmer -TRVs -Thermostats -MVHR

40.0

3770

East facing

Understanding how the city, 20.0 building & occupant interact 0.0

West facing

North facing

South facing

element

U values

Walls: Roof plane: Floor: Windows:

1.46W/m²K 0.18 W/m²K 0.51W/m²K 1.47W/m²K

East facing

West facing

U values

0.12W/m²K 0.10 W/m²K 0.11W/m²K 0.95W/m²K

Envelope

Air tightness: 4 m³/hr/m² (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

Air tightness: 14 m³/hr/m² (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

-U -Ai

4 .0 3 .0 2 .0 1 .0 0 .0

2 .0 1 .0

Effic

END

7159mm

7 .0 6 .0

3770

Active occupants MID

60.0

efficiency

Sensitive dwellings

City

- Heat Load Air1920s tightness: 4 m³/hr/m² (kWh/m²/yr) (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

80.0

1 .0

-

West facing

0.12W/m²K 0.10 W/m²K Design 0.11W/m²K 0.95W/m²K

100.0

0 .0

Mechanically systems: -Programmer 3770 -TRVs -Thermostats -MVHR

Space heating demand (TAS EDSL)

Informed Design

U values

Walls: Roof plane: Floor: Windows:

8 .0

7159mm

0 .0

South facing

element

9 .0

3 .0 2 .0

2 .0

1 0 .05200mm +

4 .0

Fuel costs

5200mm

%D F Occupants

6 .0

N

5.0+ 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0

4 .0

North facing

Architects

efficiency 5 .0

8 .0

8 .0

4 .0

9 .0

3 .0

5200mm

60.0

9 .0

0.0

8 .0

60.0

£

2012 Heat Load (Semi Det) (kWh/m2/Yr)

1 0 .0 +

20.0

7 .0

Air tightness: 4 m³/hr/m² (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

/m² 18C)

5 .0

120.0

1 0 .0 +

1.46W/m²K 0.18 W/m²K 0.51W/m²K 1.47W/m²K

Walls: Roof plane: Floor: Windows:

Layout Heat sources and losses

Fuel costs

4540

60.0

80.0

Sensitive dwellings

%D F

5.0+ 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 North facing South facing 1.5 element 1.0 0.5 Walls: 0

40.0

%D F

6 .0

££

U values

1.46W/m²K 0.18 W/m²K 0.51W/m²K 1.47W/m²K

80.0

END 40.0 Mechanically systems: Low income 20.0 Envelope efficiency: -Programmer 20.0 0.0 0.0 -TRVs values North facing South-U facing East facing West facing Occupants -Thermostats -Air tightnes element U values -MVHR

3770

Air tightness: 14 m³/hr/m² Efficiency (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

%D F Mechanically systems: 1 0 .0-Programmer + 5200mm 9 .0 -TRVs 120.0 8 .0 -Thermostats 7 .0 -MVHR 100.0

0 .0

(kWh/m²/yr)

Efficiency3770

MID

60.0

(kWh/m²/yr)

(kWh/m²/yr)

West facing

Air tightness: 14 m³/hr/m² Fuel 20C costs (Living & Bedroom 18C)

6491

6491

(kWh/m²/yr)

South facing

Low income element

3770

80.0

20.0

West facing

Low income

20.0

2012 Heat Load (Semi Det) (kWh/m2/Yr)

120.0

END

END

3770

3770

MID

MID

0.0

-

100.0

Daylighting factor (ecotect /Radiance)

7159mm

80.0

100.0

3770

-U values -Air tightnes

(kWh/m²/yr)

120.0

1 .0

Envelope efficiency:

120.0

100.0

7159mm

Air tightness: 4 m³/hr/m² 1920s - Heat Load (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

2 .0

efficiency

1920s - Heat Load (kWh/m²/yr)

120.0

Architects

West facing

0.12W/m²K 0.10 W/m²K 0.11W/m²K 0.95W/m²K

Walls: 2 .0 plane: Roof 1 .0 Floor: 0 .0 Windows: 3 .0

Air tightness: 14 m³/hr/m² (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

4 .0

5.0+ 4.5 4.0 3.5 East facing 3.0 2.5 U2.0values 1.5 1.0 0.5 0

7 .0

efficiency

5200mm

U values

0.12W/m²K 0.10 W/m²K 0.11W/m²K 0.95W/m²K

Air tightness: 4 m³/hr/m² (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

Air tightness: 14 m³/hr/m² (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

%D F

0 .0

60.0

1.46W/m²K 0.18 W/m²K 0.51W/m²K 1.47W/m²K

West facing

6491

60.0

East facing

4540

80.0

1 .0

6491

2 .0

100.0

6491

3 .0

100.0

2 .0

4540

4 .0

(kWh/m²/yr)

5 .0

4 .0 3 .0

120.0

South facing

Fuel costs element Walls: Roof plane: Floor: Windows:

Efficiency

U values

£North facing

6491

120.0

6 .0

(kWh/m²/yr)

7 .0

0.0

West facing

7159mm

Fuel costs

(kWh/m²/yr)

1920s - Heat Load (kWh/m²/yr)

8 .0

Walls: Roof plane: (kWh/m2/Yr) Floor: Windows:

Efficiency

(kWh/m²/yr)

7 .0 6 .0 5 .0

40.0 20.0

East facing

££

0 .0

60.0

6491

9 .0 8 .0

2 .0

4540

5.0+ 4.5 4.0 North facing South facing 3.5 3.0 2.5 element 2.0 1.5 1.0 2012 Heat Load (Semi0.5 Det) 0

0.0

costs

1 .0 80.0

Urban morphology & Layout Sensitive analysis dwellings 7159mm

31

Informed Design

5200mm

4540

1 0 .0 +

9 .0

END

40.0

£

Air tightness: 4 m³/hr/m² (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

Low income

(kWh/m²/yr)

(kWh/m²/yr)

-

20.0

1 0 .0 +

MID

U values

3 .0 100.0

6491

l 1920’s

80.0 60.0

2012

5 .0

3.5 3.0

2.5 Walls: 0.12W/m²K Fuel Roof plane:2.0 0.10 W/m²K 1.5 Efficiency 1.0 Floor: 0.11W/m²K 0.5 Windows: 0 0.95W/m²K

Heat Load (Semi Det) Low income Air tightness: 14 m³ /hr/m² (kWh/m2/Yr) (Living 20C & Bedroom 18C)

6 .0

120.0 4 .0

100.0

%D F

%D F

7 .0

1920s - Heat Load (kWh/m²/yr)

120.0

element

U values

1.46W/m²K 0.18 W/m²K 0.51W/m²K 1.47W/m²K

Walls: Roof plane: Floor: Windows:

%D F 1 0 .0 +

d

ng

element

1 .0

Achieving comfort

l

Action

1980 Semi Detached

Discomfort awareness

2006 Detached

l

Anticipated Thermal re-action

2010 Apartment

Thermal Pathway

X

Impacts on comfort

The occupants 32

1934 Semi-detached

√

Climate summar Climate summary (Belfa (Belfas

l

30.0 30.0 25.0 25.0 Temperatue (°C) Temperatue (°C)

l Occupants & Dwelling surveyed

l Occupant Behaviour identified

1920 Mid Terrace

20.0 20.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0

Jan Jan 20% 20%

Feb Feb 26% 26%

Mar Mar 20% 20%

Apr Apr 22% 22%

May May 32% 32%

Jun Jun 21% 21%

47% 47%

48% 48%

49% 49%

43% 43%

41% 41%

44% 44%

33% 33%

26% 26%

31% 31%

35% 35%

27% 27%

35% 35%

2

Average daily global horizontal radiation (kWh/m2) Average daily global horizontal radiation (kWh/m2) Average of DBT (°C) Average of DBT (°C)

Average Max & Min Average Max & Min

l Design applicability

Design applicability 33

l Site layout development

l Site analysis

December South: 40W/m² East: 14W/m² West: 12W/m² Horizontal: 17W/m²

South Block l

SOUTH facade 10:00 – 14:30  4.5hr 9:00 – 17:00  8hr 9:30 – 18:30  9hr

March South: 99W/m² East: 53W/m² West: 63W/m² Horizontal: 86W/m²

West Block l

West Block l

Exposure

l

EAST facade X 9:00 – 13:30  4.5hr 9:00 – 13:30  4.5hr

South Block l

SOUTH facade 10:00 – 14:30  4.5hr 9:00 – 17:00  8hr 9:30 – 18:30  9hr South Block l

SOUTH facade 10:00 – 14:30  4.5hrEast Block l South Block l 9:00 – 17:00  8hr EAST facade SOUTH facade 9:30 – 18:30  9hr 11:00 – 12:00  1hr 10:00 – 14:30  4.5hr

9:00 – 12:30  3.5hr 9:00 – 12:30  3.5hr

9:00 – 17:00  8hr 9:30 – 18:30  9hr

WEST facade West Block l 14:00 – 15:00  1hr EAST facade 14:00 – 17:30  3.5hr West Block l X 14:00 – 20:00  6hr EAST facade 9:00 – 13:30  4.5hr X 9:00 – 13:30  4.5hr 9:00 – 13:30  4.5hr 9:00 – 13:30 WEST  4.5hr facade

December South: 40W/m² East: 14W/m² West: 12W/m² Horizontal: 17W/m² March South: 99W/m² East: 53W/m² West: 63W/m² Horizontal: 86W/m²

WEST facade X 13:30 – 15:30 (1/2) 2hr 15:30 – 18:00  2hr June South: 13:30 – 19:30  6hr East: East Block l

EAST facade 11:00 – 12:00  1hr 9:00 – 12:30  3.5hr 9:00 – 12:30  3.5hr

Site Layout process

WEST facade14:00 – 15:00  1hr – 17:30  3.5hr 14:00 – 15:0014:00  1hr – 20:00  6hr 14:00 – 17:3014:00  3.5hr 34 14:00 – 20:00  6hr

East Block l

MarchDecember 40W/m² South:South: 99W/m² 14W/m² East: East: 53W/m² West:West:63W/m² 12W/m² Horizontal: 86W/m² Horizontal: 17W/m²

l

WEST facade 14:00 – 15:00  1hr 14:00 – 17:30  3.5hr 14:00 – 20:00  6hr

December June South: 108W/m² 40W/m² South: East: 14W/m² East: 120W/m² West: 113W/m² 12W/m² West: Horizontal: 17W/m² Horizontal: 192W/m²

WEST facade X East Block l 13:30 – 15:30 (1/2) 2hr EAST 15:30 facade – 18:00  2hr

108W/m² 120W/m² West: 113W/m² Horizontal: 192W/m²

Indicative Incident radiation

EAST facade X 9:00 – 13:30  4.5hr 9:00 – 13:30  4.5hr

June March South:South: 108W/m² 99W/m² East: East: 120W/m² 53W/m² West: 113W/m² West: 63W/m² Horizontal: 192W/m²

Horizontal: 86W/m²

June South: 108W/m² East: 120W/m² West: 113W/m² Horizontal: 192W/m²

5 .0 0 +

Spring Equinox

4 .5 0 4 .0 0 3 .5 0

Spring Equinox

3 .0 0 2 .5 0 2 .0 0

Summer Solstice

1 .5 0 1 .0 0 0 .5 0 0 .0 0

9:00

SW wind (prevailing)

l

Spring Equinox

Wind

Sun Patch

l

Winter Solstice

12:00 5.0+ 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0

%D F 1 0 .0 +

15:00

9 .0 8 .0 7 .0

N wind

6 .0 5 .0 4 .0

l

2 .0

Application

3 .0

1 .0 0 .0

m/ s 5 .0 0 + 4 .5 0 4 .0 0 3 .5 0 3 .0 0 2 .5 0 2 .0 0 1 .5 0 1 .0 0 0 .5 0 0 .0 0

%D F 1 0 .0 + 9 .0 8 .0 7 .0 6 .0 5 .0 4 .0 3 .0 2 .0 1 .0 0 .0

Analysis 35

Cluster (basic composition l

l

Buffer spaces

Bedroom cooler temp

Cluster

Massing

l

2 Bedroom Units

Living warmer temp Temperature preferances

Single person Single person

Elderly

1 Bedroom Units

Elderly Reduced heat loss

Small families 2 Bedroom Units

Buffer spaces

Bedroom cooler temp

Cluster l

Living warmer temp Temperature preferances

Single person Single person

Elderly

1 Bedroom Units

Elderly

Staggered

l

Reduced heat loss

Staggered l

Unit design process Small families

36

2 Bedroom Units

Small families 2 Bedroom Units

Buffer spaces Buffer spaces

l Plans

l Cluster units

South elevation

3

1l Living

2l Kitchen

First floor 4

3l Bedroom 4l WC

5l Warm room

3 2

4

Internal gains (

4

)

Buffer space (reduction of heat loss) Circulation

1 3

3

3

Service Social Private

North elevation

South elevation

Staggered unit

l

Ground floor

East elevation

Units 37

Site functions & activities

l

Games Car park

BBQ area

Bin/Cycle store Allotments

Wind break

Playground

Informal sports

Gathering area

Site Layout 38

Visualizations 39

Cluster units & Allotments

l

Staggered units

l

NS NS - 2BED -INTER - sunny - 2BED -INTER - sunny l

1400 1400

20

1200 1200

Living Living

Buffer Bufferspace space

Buffer space

15

10

55

5

11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24

1400 1200 1000

800 800

10 10

0

1000 1000 Living

1600

600 600

800

400 400

600

200 200

400

00

200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Bedroom Bedroomtemperature temperature dropping droppingbelow belowcomfort comfort

0

(Wh/m2) 2000 1800 1600 1400

15

1200

10

800

1000

600 5

400 200

0

0 3

4

5

6

7

8

9

PET PET8.2 8.2°C°C

10.9C 10.9C(dry (drybulb) bulb) 6.1m/s 6.1m/s(wind (windvelocity) velocity)

54% 14:00 Mom arriving 54%(RH) (RH) from work

PET 8.2°C

10.9C (dry bulb) 6.1m/s (wind velocity) 54% (RH)

19.5 19.5°C°C (resultant (resultanttemp) temp)

Intermediate period (2Bed unit (NS) )

(°C)

Internal doors

30

(Wh/m2) 2000 1800

25

19.5°C (resultant temp)

2nd 2ndApril April

Night shutters (Bedroom & Living)

20

Bedroom temperature dropping below comfort

14:00 14:00Mom Momarriving arriving from fromwork work

Cool period (2Bed unit (NS))

(°C) 25

1600 1400

Temperature

20

2nd April

20.8 20.8°C°C (resultant (resultanttemp) temp)

Horizontal Radiation

15 15

2000 1800

Horizontal Radiation

1600 1600

25

20 20

1200 15

1000 800

10

600 400

5

200

20.8°C

(resultant temp)

0

0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

24.4 24.4°C°C (resultant (resultanttemp) temp) insulated insulated 24.4 °C net net night shutters nighttemp) shutters curtains (resultant curtains

heavy heavy curtains curtains

insulated night shutters

‘Bed ‘Bedtime’ time’

net curtains

heavy curtains

25

Temperature

23:00 23:00Mom Mom going goingto tobed bed 18.4 18.4°C°C

(resultant temp)

(resultant temp) 21:00 Kids going to bed

19.1°C

(resultant temp)

Occupant behaviour

2000

1200 15

1000 800

10

600 400 200

0

0 24

18.4°C (resultant temp) insulated insulated net net night nightshutters shutters curtains curtains

(Wh/m2)

1600

5

23:00 Mom going to bed

1st floor

1400

20

21:00 21:00Kids Kids going goingto tobed bed

40

kitchen window Stairs & Buffer

1800

‘Bed time’

19.1 19.1°C°C (resultant (resultanttemp) temp)

Warm period (2Bed unit (NS))

(°C) 30

insulated night shutters

25

26

Global horizontal radiation (Wh/m2)

heavy heavy curtains curtains

Outdoor temperature (°C)

net curtains

heavy curtains

Horizontal Radiation

00

2000 2000 1800 1800

Temperature

25 25

(2Bed unit (NS) )

30

NS - 2BED

(free running)

30 30

Typical weeks

Intermediate period

l

Intermediate Intermediateperiod period--Sunny Sunny (2Bed period - Sunny (2Bedunit unit(NS) (NS))Intermediate )

27

28

29

Global diffuse horizontal radiation (Wh/m2) Buffer space (°C)

Living room (°C)

Bedroom (°C)

30

Comfort band Bedroom (kids) (°C)

Visualization

10.0

0.0

0.0 5.0

900.0

20.0

5.0

800.0

15.0 0.0

700.0

10.0 -5.0

-5.0

600.0

-5.0

10.0 -5.0

500.0

5.0

25.0 15.0 20.0

10.0

200.0

Daily Av of global horizontal radiation [Wh/m2]

Daily Av of diffuse horizontal radiation [Wh/m2]

Daily Av of 1920 S LivDin Resultant Temp (C)

Daily Av Proposed (NS 2) DesignLiving Resultant Temp (C) Daily Av of global horizontal radiation [Wh/m2] 0.0

-5.0

Comfort Band (C) 100.0

Daily Av of 1920 S LivDin Resultant Temp (C) Daily Av of global horizontal radiation [Wh/m2]

Daily Av of diffuse horizontal radiation [Wh/m2]

Daily Av of 1920 S LivDin Resultant Temp (C)

Daily Av Proposed (NS 2) DesignLiving Resultant Temp (C)

Comfort Band (C)

700.0 600.0 500.0

15.0 5.0

10.0

400.0 300.0

0.0 5.0 -5.0

Daily Av of global horizontal radiation [Wh/m2] 400.0 Daily Av of diffuse horizontal radiation [Wh/m2] Daily Av of global horizontal radiation [Wh/m2] 0.0 Comfort Daily Av of diffuse horizontal Daily Av of global horizontal radiation [Wh/m2] Daily Avradiation of 1920 S[Wh/m2] LivDin Resultant Temp (C) Band (C) 0.0 Daily Av Proposed (NS 2) DesignLiving Resultant Temp (C) Daily Av of 1920 S LivDin Resultant Temp (C) 300.0 Daily Av of 1920 S LivDin Resultant Temp (C) Daily Av Proposed (NS 2) DesignLiving Resultant Temp (C) -5.0

600.0

20.0

-5.0

200.0

500.0 400.0 300.0

600.0 500.0 400.0 300.0

1000.0 600.0

Daily average radiation (Wh/m²)

1000.0

800.0

700.0

700.0 700.0

Daily average radiation (Wh/m²)

5.0 5.0

0.0

0.0

25.0 10.0

Temperature Temperature (°C) (°C)

15.0

15.0

5.0

Living room Average daily resultant temperature Comparison (1920's x CfSH 4 x Proposed Design)

10.0

10.0

30.0 15.0

900.0

Daily average radiation (Wh/m²)

20.0

20.0

15.0

25.0 30.0

Daily average radiation (Wh/m²)

25.0

15.0

20.0

Temperature (°C)

30.0

Temperature (°C)

35.0

Temperature (°C)

l 1920’s, 2012 & proposal comparison l

25.0

Temperature (°C)

Temperature (°C)

Temperature (°C)

20.0

35.0 20.0

900.0 500.0 800.0 400.0 700.0 300.0 600.0 200.0

200.0

500.0 100.0

200.0 100.0

400.0 0.0

100.0 0.0

300.0

0.0

Comfort Band (C) Daily Av of diffuse horizontal radiation 100.0[Wh/m2] Average of External Temperature (C) Comfort Band (C)

Daily average radiation (Wh/m²) Daily average radiation (Wh/m²)

35.0

25.0 30.0

Average of External Temperature (C) 200.0

Average of External Temperature (C) Daily Av of 2012 Living Resultant Temp (C) Living Resultant Temp (C) Daily Av Proposed (NSDaily 2) Design Av of 2012 Living Resultant Temp (C) 0.0 100.0 Comfort Band ( Daily Av of diffuse horizontal radiation [Wh/m2] 2012 Living Resultant Temp[Wh/m2] (C) Daily Av of global horizontal radiation Daily Av of 1920 S LivDin Resultant Temp (C)

Daily Av Proposed (NS 2) DesignLiving Resultant Temp (C)

Average of External Temperature (C) Daily Av of Living global Resultant horizontalTemp radiation Daily Av of 2012 (C) [Wh/m2] Daily Avofof1920 diffuse horizontal radiation [Wh/m2] Daily Av S LivDin Resultant Temp (C) Daily Av Proposed (NS 2) DesignLiving Resultant Temp (C)

Daily Av of diffuse horizontal radiation [Wh/m2]

0.0

Comfort Band (

Average of External Temperature (C) Comfort Band (C) Daily Av Proposed (NS 2) DesignLiving Resultant Temp (C) Daily Av of 2012 Living Resultant Temp (C)

Average of External Temperature (C) Daily Av of 2012 Living Resultant Temp (C)

Outcome 41

l Fd Degree Architectural technology Dunmurry, N. Ireland l 2012 This scheme consists of ten identical two storey, two bedroom detached units, which are surrounded by golf courses in Dumurry, south of Belfast.

The units are positioned on the site in a manner to avoid overshadowing as well as allowing for individual access and privacy. At the front of the site there’s a communal amenity area (under the overhead cables which would have prevented the construction of units). The SW is covered in trees which combined with a heavier stone construction on the W elevation of the units helps to attenuate motorway noise.

Belfast

Scheme concept

Holiday Home

Golf Course

Site Layout concept

l

Site Golf Course

M1 Motorway

Site access

Few openings were designed in the north elevation to minimize heat loss and in the west to reduce noise flanking paths. The south and east elevations have larger openings to allow for solar gains and views, respectively. The shallow plan combined with the large openings ensures good daylighting levels.

The top floor houses both bedrooms and a viewing deck. The ground floor has a open plan living and kitchen area which opens to a south facing gathering area. The mono-pitch roof tilts towards south to allow for installation of solar panels or photovoltaic. The tilted louvres help protect the gathering area and the southern glazed areas from excessive solar gains during the warmer period.

Unit concept

l

The scheme is proposed as a highly insulated timber frame construction. The details are shown in the following pages.

Proposal 42

Reed bed Golf course Overhead cables

Amenity area

l Plans

Ground Floor

l

First Floor

l

N - No solar gains; Daylight (smaller opening area) N

S

W 2

kg/m

S

N

S

W - Sound Attenuation W 2

kg/m

S

S - Solar gains (large opening area) + Louvres

Plans & Visualization 43

l Sections & detailing

Cross section

l

Clerestory

Hidden gutter

Sections & Details 44

l

l

l Sections & detailing

Parapet detail

Long section

l

l

Floor & wall detail

l

Sections & Details 45

l Elevations

North - West

l

N

S

W

N

2

kg/m S

S

W 2

kg/m

S

Visualization 46

l Elevations

South - East

l

Living area

l

Visualization 47

l Fd Degree Architectural technology Belfast, N. Ireland l 2011 The extension to the central library is part of a group project which included a student union and accommodation for the University of Ulster (UU) relocation project into Belfast’s city centre. The library extension would be used by the community as well as students.

Site analysis & Layout

Central Library Extension

Car park Derelict buildings Open space City gateway Lively area Lifeless area

Site

The project is proposed in the vicinity of UUs new campus, in an area which currently is lifeless. The three proposed buildings are situated to encourage circulation within the lifeless area so that different movement patterns are established throughout the day and night.

The 3 lower stories, where books are stored, work as a platform which raises the building within the crowded city centre, allowing for natural sunlight to permeate the building through the winter gardens. A cantilevered platform ‘peaks’ out into the city and allows users to appreciate the neighbouring listed building as well as views of Belfast.

Areas of interest were create through the proposal of two winter gardens. One on the ground floor, which attracts people into the building; and one on the third floor for people to enjoy a good book or newspaper in a shelteredexternal area protected from the elements.

The nature of the building, being a library, demands a structure which can support high loads. In-situ concrete is the best alternative for this type of building.

UU New Campus

Residential area Student accommodation

Student Union

UU existing Campus

In an attempt to reduce the volume of concrete (as well as the buildings weight) the slabs have been designed as a system called bubble deck. This is a hollow deck slab in which recycled plastic balls substitute the concrete which would have no structural capability, resulting in a lighter structure with the benefits of a monolithic construction.

The lower part of the slab is prefabricated and delivered to site (with the plastic balls all in place). In-situ concrete is then poured, giving the slab the full strength.

The hollow spheres incorporated into the slab reduce dead load by up to 35% if compared to a solid slab with same bearing capacity. This weight reduction allows for further reductions in the building structure, through less columns and bearing walls. No beams are necessary, resulting in a flat and seamless soffit.

Proposal 48

Site

Student accommodation

Library

Castle Court shopping centre

City centre

Long section

l

l

l

Visualization

Concept

l Environmental strategy

Cooler period

l

Intermediate period

Warmer period

l

l

Concept 49

Library

Plans

l

Store

Ground, First & Second floor

l

Store

Fourth & Fifth floor Library

Frames

hostel

l

library st

Store

Library

Store

apt blk

Library

union st

Library

Store

Store

Frames

hostel

Frames

Store Library

Library Frames

Library

hostel library st

library st

hostel

Store Store

library st

Library

Store

Store

Library

Library

apt blk

Store

Formal seating

Library

union st

Store

Library apt blk

Library

union st

apt blk

Library

Store

Store

Store

Computer station

Library

Store

Library

union st Library

Frames

Library

Library

Store

Store

hostel

Group study library st

Store

Store

Library

Library

Store Library

No openings apt blk

Store

Library

union st

Store

Third floor

l

Roof level City Views

Cafe

Smoking area

Function room

Informal seating

Plans 50

l

Library Store

l

l

13 9

9 12

13

13

1

10

2

11

Winter Gardens

l Sections

Long section

Upper

l

Lower

l

15 1 l Book storage 2 l Delivery

7500

4

17

condiment table

8

14

3 l Lower winter garden 4 l CafĂŠ/function room 5 l Newspaper archive

16

6 l Upper winter garden

7 l Cantilevered external area

8 l Kitchen 9 l Toilets

10 l Moveable shelving

11 l Study rooms

12 l Seating area

Cross section

13 l Computer stations

l

14 l Smoking area 15 l Plant

16 l Green roof

17 l Photo voltaic panels Circulation

Slab - Bubble Deck system

l

Sections 51

l Graduation Project Jundiai, Brazil l 2001

Location

Residential Scheme - Jundiai

To escape from the confusion of the big cities people often live in smaller adjacent cities and commute to work every day, which means commuters often face endless hours of traffic jams noise and air pollution. This scheme aims to reduce unnecessary commute while taking advantage of its geographical location, between Campinas and Sao Paulo, which are the main research and educational centres in Brazil.

The final graduation project focused on the development of the residential section of the scheme. Each student developed the design for one of the 5 sub areas within the residential section, in my case C5.

The upper part of the C5 site has walking access to the commercial area. Dwellings in this area have been specified as 1 bedroom apartment units, for single occupancy and/ or short term use. These are the vertical units.

The lower section of the site has been designated for the 3 bedroom dwellings, for the employees with families. This area is also closer to the school, allotments and amenity space. These are the horizontal units.

The vertical and horizontal units are shown in the following pages.

Proposal 52

Study area

To avoid the commute happening from Sao Paulo and Campinas into Jundiai the south east of the study area has been designated for residential use. The dwellings are to be owned by the companies operating in the commercial area and will house visiting professionals or professionals and their families that relocate to Jundiai for the duration of their contracts.

l

The proposed commercial and residential scheme intends to revert this trend, allowing for people to live and work in Jundiai. The proximity with the two main commercial and research centres will provide support and any additional specialized professionals required.

l C5 - Layout & Sections

A Vertical units Horizontal Units

B

Section BB

A

l

B

763,0 766 765

759,0 752,4 752,4

764 763 762 761 760 759 758 757 756 755 754 753 752 751 750 749 748 747 746 745 744 743 742 741 740 739

753,6

753,6

741,0

Section AA

l

763,0 758,8

741,0 740,3

738,8

737,0

The Site 53

l

Section-elevations

l

Plans 1 l Living

2 l Kitchen

3 l Bedroom 14l lLiving WC 25l lKitchen Communal space 3 l Bedroom 4 l WC

5 l Communal space Sun attenutation space Service Social Sun attenutation space Private Service Main circulation Social Private

Vertical Units Main circulation

54

West

South

l

l

Visualization 55

l

l

Sections

l Plans

Ground Floor

1

l

Short section

5

3

2

6

5 4

7

1

3

2

2

5

1

5

Roof runoff

l

7 2

9 1

3

2

6

5

4

5

6

4

1

9

8

7 10

Plan view (Concrete flags on bricks shade for concrete roof)

4

5 5

9

4

First Floor

l

7 2

8

7 10

3 l Dining

4 l Double garage 5 l Kitchen 8 6 l Utility

4 l Double garage 5 l Kitchen 6 l Utility

7 l Double bedroom

Horizontal Units 56

8 l Single Bedrooms 9 l TV room 10 l Study 1 l Living 2 l Central atrium 3 l Dining 4 l Double garage 5 l Kitchen 6 l Utility 7 l Double bedroom 8 l Single Bedrooms 9 l TV room 10 l Study

10

4

3

5

3 l Dining

7

1

9

1 l Living 2 l Central atrium

1 l Living 2 l Central atrium

8

9

79l Double bedroom

ServiceBedrooms 8 l Single 9 l TV room Social 10 l Study Private

Service Long section Social

l

8

7

3

Private

2

Main circulation Buffer space Internal garden/Courtyard Rain water runoff 8

7

Main circulation Buffer space Internal garden/Courtyard Rain water runoff Service Social Private Main circulation Buffer space Internal garden/Courtyard Rain water runoff

1

3

2

1

7 2

1

Front

l

Visualization 57

Rear

l

Visualization

Visualization 59