Revision e by nahdetmisr

Revision E Units 13, 14 & 15 ry

ula b a c

channel (n)

control floods

ing

ten s i L

disappear (v) – ed enoromous (adj) facts (n)

industrial (adj)

make electricity

Chinese environment (n)

locks (n)

subject (n)

‫اختفاء‬

system (n)

‫حقائق‬ ‫وقود‬

unfortunately (adv)

ing

ead R n o

beach (n)

financial (adj)

‫سد‬

‫صناعى‬

lary

exports (n)

lift (n)

‫ضخم – هائل‬

fuel (n)

area (n)

‫قناة‬

‫يختفى‬

disappearance (n)

industry (n)

‫يتحكم فى الفيضانات‬

dam (n)

bu oca

industries (n)

truth (n)

wall (n)

wheel (n)

key (n) laugh (v) – ed

‫منطقة‬

‫شاطىء‬ ‫صينى‬

‫البيئة‬

‫صادرات‬

‫مالى‬

location (n) pocket (n) population (n) port (n) Scottish south

‫صناعات‬ ‫صناعة‬

‫رافعة‬

‫أقفال‬

‫يولد كهرباء‬

‫موضوع‬

‫نظام‬

‫حقيقة‬

‫لسؤ الحظ‬

‫سور – حائط‬ ‫عجلة‬

‫مفتاح‬

‫يضحك‬

‫موقع‬

‫جيب‬

‫سكان‬ ‫ميناء‬

‫اسكتلندى‬

‫جنوب‬ 197

Units (13, 14 & 15)

Revision E

square kilometre. (n)

‫كيلومتر مربع‬

suddenly (adv)

‫فجأة‬

surprised (adj)

‫مندهش‬

the China sea trade centre (n) wonder (n)

‫بحر الصين‬ ‫مركز تجارى‬ ‫أعجوبة‬

Critical Thinking & Communication Vocabulary air pollution

‫تلوث الهواء‬

fuel (n)

‫وقود‬

gas (n)

‫غاز‬

motorway (n)

confident (adj) crimes (n) criminals (n) efficient (adj) enforce (v) – d enforcement (n) harsh (adj) honest (adj) law (n) legal system 198

tra x E n

conditions (n)

fair (adj)

remote (adj)

i Read

‫ظروف‬ ‫واثق‬

organiser

‫منظم‬

particularly (adv) pay a fine poverty (n) prison sentences

‫كفء‬

rise (v) – rose – risen

‫فرض‬

situations (n)

‫يفرض‬

‫عادل‬ ‫قاس‬ ‫أمين‬

‫قانون‬

‫نظام قانونى‬

‫بعيد‬

‫تقارير‬

‫جرائم‬

‫مجرمين‬

‫بترول‬

reports (n)

‫طريق سريع‬

ry bula

Voca

oil (n)

punishment (n) robberies (n) society (n) terrible (adj) trials (n) violent (adj) worry (v) – worried

‫خاصة‬

‫يدفع غرامة‬

‫فقر‬

‫أحكام بالسجن‬

‫عقاب‬ ‫يرتفع‬

‫جرائم السرقة‬

‫مواقف‬

‫مجتمع‬ ‫فظيع‬

‫محاكمات‬ ‫عنيف‬ ‫يقلق‬

Revision E

Phrases, Expressions, Idioms & Prepositions communicate with

‫يتواصل مع‬

consist of

‫يتكون من‬

different from

‫مختلف عن‬

live in

‫يعيش فى‬

part of per sq km

‫جزء من‬ ‫لكل كيلو متر مربع‬

shopping centre

‫مركز تسوق‬

wonder of

‫عجيبة من‬

Notes on Vocabulary borrow.... from I borrowed a book from Ali. lend .... to Ali lent a book to me. - Ali lent me a book. owe .... to …. I own money to my friend Osama.

‫ يستلف‬- ‫يستعير من‬ ‫ يسلف‬- ‫يعير‬ ‫ لــ‬... ‫يدين بــ‬

start by + (v –ing) Can you start by telling us something about Hemingway’s early life ? start with + Noun I'd like to start with soup, please.

Confusing Words • coast

‫ساحل بحر أو محيط‬

• beach • bank • shore

• along

‫بطول – على امتداد‬

• a long

• wonder

‫عجيبة‬

• wander

‫يبـدأ بـ‬ ‫يبـدأ بـ‬

‫ش�اطئ رمل�ى للس�باحة‬ ‫والمتعة‬ ‫ بحيرة‬/‫ضفة نهر‬ ‫شاطئ للسفن والصيد‬ ‫طويل‬

‫يتجول‬

199

Revision E

Units (13, 14 & 15)

Listening Text Presenter : Welcome to Science Now. The subject of today's programme is the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River in China. In the studio we have Dr Hassan, a professor of engineering from Cairo University who has visited the dam and will answer your questions. Welcome, Professor Hassan. Professor : Thank you. Presenter : Can I start by asking you two simple questions? First of all, what are dams and why must we build them? Professor : Well, a dam is a very strong high wall which stops most of the water of a river moving. Some water then runs through channels in the wall of the dam and turns a wheel to make electricity. So dams are needed because industrial countries must have clean electricity for their modern factories. Dams also help to control floods. Presenter : Thanks. And now Amira from Alexandria has a question. Amira : Hello. I'd like to ask the professor to give us a few facts about the Three Gorges Dam for my school project. Professor : Hello, Amira. Where shall I begin? There are so many interesting facts. First of all, the Three Gorges Dam is 185 metres high and 2,309 metres long. It cost twenty-five billion dollars to build and produces a huge amount of electricity. Amira : How long did it take to build? Professor : More than sixteen years. It was started in 1993 and finished in 2009. Presenter : Thank you, Amira. We now have a question from a student of engineering. Nabil, what is your question for the professor? Nabil : Hello. I'd like to know what would have happened if China hadn't built this enormous dam. Professor : That's a very good question, Nabil. The truth is that not everyone wanted the dam to be built. These were the people who lived near the Yangtze River and who lost their homes when the dam was built. So these people would have been very happy if the dam hadn't been built. On the other hand, if they hadn't built the dam, Chinese industries would have used more fuels like gas or oil, which are getting more and more expensive. Nabil : Do you know how many people lost their homes? 200

Revision E

Professor : They say that more than a million people were moved and that more than a thousand towns and villages disappeared when the dam was finished. Presenter : That's incredible. Finally, Professor, I have a question. Can ships still travel along the river? Professor : Yes, they can. There is a system of locks and there's also a special lift which operates for the ships. It carries them over the dams. Presenter : Thank you very much, Professor. Unfortunately, that's all we have time for today.

Reading Text Hong Kong – a wonder of the modern world Hong Kong is in the south China Sea near the coast of China. It consists of Hong Kong Island, Lantau Island, Kowloon, The New Territories and 263 other small islands. In the past, only fishermen and farmers lived in Hong Kong, but today it is a busy port and an important trade centre. Many of China’s exports pass through Hong Kong. It is also known as a shopping centre. Hong Kong has a population of 9 million people in a land area of 1,100 sq km. This means that people live very close to each other. There are 9000 people in every square kilometre. Despite this, Hong Kong is a good environment to live in: it has quiet parks, beaches and mountains to climb. From 1842 to 1997, Hong Kong was British, but in 1997 it became part of China. The two most important languages are Chinese and English. It has its own television, radio and newspapers, and its own money, the Hong Kong dollar. To many people, Hong Kong is one of the world’s greatest cities because it is such a successful financial and trade centre.

Questions & Answers ‫أين توجد هونج كونج؟‬ 1. Where is Hong Kong? It is in the south of China Sea near the south-east coast of China. ‫مم تتكون هونج كونج؟‬ 2. What does Hong Kong consist of? It consists of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, The New Territories and 260 other small islands. 201

Revision E

Units (13, 14 & 15)

3. What are the main languages of Hong Kong? English and Chinese.

‫ما اللغات الرئيسية فى هونج كونج؟‬

‫بم تشتهر هونج كونج؟‬ 4. What is Hong Kong best known for? َ It is well known as a shopping centre and for its markets. It has good environment, quiet parks, beaches and mountains. It is a successful financial and trade centre. 5. What kind of buildings do you think most people in Hong Kong live in? Give ‫ما نوع المبانى هناك? ولماذا؟‬ reasons. In skyscrapers because of the great number of population. ‫لماذا يزور الناس هونج كونج؟‬ 6. Why do you think people visit Hong Kong? For business as Hong Kong is a financial and trade centre. 7. Why do you think it is surprising that Hong Kong has quiet parks? ‫لماذا تعتقد أنه من المدهش أن تكون هناك حدائق هادئة فى هونج كونج؟‬ Because there are so many people living in such a small area. 8. How is Hong Kong important to China as the Suez Canal in Egypt? ‫كيف تُعد هونج كونج مهمة للصين كأهمية قناة السويس لمصر؟‬ As many of China’s exports to other countries pass through it.

Extra Reading

The Importance of Law Enforcement ‫أهمية تطبيق القانون‬ In the England of Charles Dickens’s time, very poor people like Oliver Twist, who had no money and no home, had to live in terrible conditions. One of the results of this poverty was a lot of street crimes, particularly robberies, and the number of these crimes rose quickly during the first half of the nineteenth century. The number of violent crimes also rose and this worried many people. In situations like these, laws have to be enforced to protect society, and for successful law enforcement, society needs honest police officers and an efficient legal system which makes people feel safe. Trials and the punishment of criminals must also be completely fair. 202

Revision E

In the time of Oliver Twist, punishments were harsh and included long prison sentences. Some criminals lost their lives. Other prisoners were sent from England to Australia, often to spend the rest of their lives away from their families. Today in most countries, punishments are less harsh and there are different punishments for less serious crimes. For example, some criminals may have to pay a fine. Others cannot travel freely and have to stay in their hometown. Laws are made to stop people from behaving badly towards each other. But however good a law is, it must be enforced by the police and a legal system in which the public is confident.

Questions & Answers on Extra Reading 1. What happened to crime in the first half of the twentieth century in England? It rose quickly. 2. Where were some criminals sent to live? To Australia. 3. Are punishments today harsher or less harsh than they were in the time of Charles Dickens? They are less harsh. 4. Why do you think poverty results in more crimes? People that have no money may have to steal to get food for themselves and their families. 5. How can trials be completely fair? There needs to be a system which is based on people being fair. The judges should be ordinary people who have no political power.

Exercises 1. What sort of people were there in Hong Kong in the past? 2. What is Hong Kong like today? 3. Why is it surprising that Hong Kong has quiet parks? 4. What is Hong Kong best known for? 5. What do tourists like to visit in Luxor? 203

Revision E

Units (13, 14 & 15)

6. Would you like to visit Hong Kong? Why? 7. In your opinion, where do you spend your spare time in a country like Hong Kong? 8. Why do many of China’s exports pass through Hong Kong? 9. What are the other nationalities living in Hong Kong? 10. What are the most important languages in Hong Kong? 11. What sort of money do people use in Hong Kong? 12. What do you think the advantages and disadvantages of living in Hong Kong?

Test

Units 13 - 15 Workbook

A Language Functions 1 Finish the following dialogue:

Hala : .................... (1) ....................? Fareeda : For next week? Yes. I plan to go to the beach. Hala : .................... (2) .................... . Fareeda : To the science museum? That will be interesting. Hala : I think that the science museum is better than the art museum. Fareeda : Yes. .................... (3) .................... . Hala : So will you come to the science museum with me next time? Fareeda : OK. .................... (4) .................... .

2 Write what you would say in each of the following situations:

1. An English friend wants to walk in the desert in August. You do not think this is a good idea. Give him/her advice. 2. You arrange to meet two friends in the park but one friend does not arrive he didn’t come. Say why you think he didn’t come.; 3. Your school has the date 1969 above the door. A friend asks you what the date means. 4. A friend asks you . how to get to the swimming pool. There is a bus that goes there.

B Vocabulary and Structure 3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

The playground .................. by all the children in the school. a) used b) is used c) is use d) is using 2 The man .................. wrote this poem is from Alexandria. a) what b) which c) who d) whose 1

204

Revision E

I can’t remember how old I was when I first saw the Pyramids, but I ............ four. a) must be b) might be c) can’t have d) might have been 4 They are all wearing coats, so it .................. cold when they took the photograph I a) must be b) must have been c) can’t have been d) can be 5 This is the jacket .................. my grandmother made. a) what b) which c) who d) where 6 This house was built .................. Hala’s grandfather. a) of b) to c) with d) by 7 The dress is too long, so please can you .................. it. a) short b) shorter c) shortened d) shorten 8 At what time does the plane take .................. . a) up? b) on ? c) off? d) on? 9 The plane usually flies at an .................. of 7,000 metres. a) altitude b) high c) level d) up 10 His book first came .................. in 2012. a) in b) out c) up d) off 11 Mr Hassan .................. a) lot of weight while he was ill. a) lost b) missed c) caught d) left 12 Most people’s phobias are .................. : there is no reason for them. a) irrational b) virtual c) dizzy d) bare 3

the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets, to give the 4 Rewrite same meaning: 1 Hamdi’s uncle started to control that hotel two years ago. (take over) 2 Mr. Smith teaches us English and is from London. (who) 3 I was late because I did not catch the eight ‘clock bus. (miss) 4 My grandfather had flu last week, and he has not recovered yet. (get over) 5 A French engineer started the Suez Canal (by)

and correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 5 Find

My cousin will soon take part on a course to learn how to take digital photographs. (................) 2 The course usually gets a lot of money. (................) 3 My cousin won’t price anything because they won a school competition. (................) 4 They will miss a train to go there every day for a week. (................) 1

205

Revision E

Units (13, 14 & 15)

Reading

the following passage, then answer the questions: 6 Read

Kramerbrucke in Germany is the longest bridge in the world that has buildings on it. It was built over the Gera River in 1325. There were several bridges over the river before this date, but these were made of wood . It might have been dangerous to cross the river at this time, because there were often fires on the bridges. The bridge which you can visit today was built of stone. There are 62 buildings on it. Most of them are used by people who make glass, plates and clothes. Some of them are shops where you can buy souvenirs. It is an amazing place, although when you walk across it, you do not realise you are on a bridge because you cannot see the river. A) Answer the following questions: 1. What is special about Kramerbrucke? 2. Why do you think there were often fires on the bridge? 3. What can you buy on the bridge? 4. Why do you think the bridge is popular with tourists? B) Choose the correct answer from a، b، c or d:

5. They built the bridge of stone because .................. a) it would not burn. b) wooden bridges were not strong enough c) it looked nicer d) it stops you seeing the river. 6. The underlined word them refers to .................. a) bridges b) 62 buildings c) high walls. d) amazing places

7 Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 1. Why was it very difficult to travel around the world in eighty days when Jules Verne wrote his book? 2. D o you think that it was very Important for Fogg to win £20,0007 Why? Why not? 3. Why do you think that when they went to India, part of the railway line was not finished? 4. How do we know that Fogg does not only think about himself? 5. Why did they miss their train to London near the end of their Journey? 6. Why did it help them that they crossed the International Date Line? 206

Revision E

The Novel (Oliver Twist)

8 A) Answer the following questions:

1. What did Monks drop in the river? 2. How did Oliver find Mr. Brownlow again? 3. How could Rose Maylie contact Nancy if she needed information? 4. What is the real name of Moris Bolter? 5. Why do you think Nancy cried when she hears the conversation between Fogg and Monks? B) Read the following quotation then answer the questions? "Don’t listen to my friend"

a) Who was the speaker? To whom was he speaking? b) Who was that friend? c) Why did the speaker say so?

Writing

9 Write an e-mail to a friend of about Ninety (90) words about something you are frightened of.

10 A) Translate into Arabic:

F Translation

1. They started building the first stage of the railway In 1970 2. The tourists must have come from a cold Country. B) Translate into English: ‫ هل خرجوا إلي السوق اليوم؟‬-

Test

Units 13 - 15 Longman (modified)

A Language Functions

1 Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue:

Tawfik and his friend Nadim are talking about Nadin’s new mobile phone. Tawfik : Hello, Nadim! What’s in the box? Nadim : Hello, Tawfik! I’ve just bought a new mobile phone. Tawfik : Great! .................... (1) ....................? 207

Revision E

Units (13, 14 & 15)

Nadim : Sure. Let’s look at it together. Tawfik : Oh! Did you see the screen? Nadim : .................... (2) ....................? Tawfik : It has a crack in it. Nadim : Oh no! I didn’t see that. .................... (3) .................... . Tawfik : .................... (4) ....................? Nadim : Thanks for the advice. I’ll go to the shop right now.

2 Write what you would say in each of the following situations:

1. Your brother thinks that the mobile phone is the most important invention in the last 20 years and you agree. 2. You disagree with your friend who thinks that travelling by train is better than by plane. 3. Your friend suggests going to the circus at the weekend. You want to go to another place. 4. Your sister just got her exam grades and she looks happy.

B Vocabulary and Structure 3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

The girl, .................. Father is a doctor ,is excelled in the exam. a) who b) whom c) that d) whose 2 You .................. drive so fast. It’s too dangerous. a) shouldn’t have b) must c) don’t have to d) mustn’t 3 The cars .................. in Japan are very expensive. a) which made b) makes c) are making d) made 4 I have just seen Omar at school now. He .................. be at home. a) can’t b) mustn’t c) can d) must 5 She got the full Mark on her exams. she .................. clever. a) must be b) must have c - must have had d) had 6 The picture .................. last week was hung on the wall. a) which I drew it b) who I drew c) I drew d) that I drew it 7 A .................. is a tower with a bright light that tells ships about dangers at sea. a) therapist b) wonder c) lighthouse d) bill 1

208

Revision E

Kareem was in the hospital for two weeks because he needed a long time to .................. his illness. a) get over b) take over c) cover over d) stay over 9 Books about imaginary future events, space travel and life on other planets are called .................. . a) virtual b) sessions c) situations d) science fiction 10 A .................. is someone whose job is to advise people about the law and speak for them in court. b) criminal c) servant d) therapist a) lawyer 11 We drove for a very long time before we .................. the city. a) carried b) reached c) connected d) affected 12 An .................. is a journey around an area to learn about it. a) argument b) exploration c) invention d) explorer 8

the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets, to give the 4 Rewrite same meaning: 1 Soha will possibly lend me her CD player. 2 Students must speak English in classes. 3 I saw a film last night, but it was boring. 4 Scientists will solve the problem of pollution.

and correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 5 Find The Great Pyramid is one of the world’s wanders. 6 We were sailing a long the Red Sea coast. 7 The new book was come out last month. 8 He went to work in car. 5

(might) (spoken) (which) (be) (................) (................) (................) (................)

Reading

the following passage, then answer the questions: 6 Read

What inspires someone to make a new invention? Most inventors are inspired by need. Louis Braille, who was born in 1809, lost his sight when he was a child. His teachers helped him a lot and he reached the top of his class. At the age of ten, he was given money to study at the Royal Institution for Blind Youth, where he started to use a simple raised-print system for reading . The system was not very good and Louis Braille wanted something better. He invented a system based on raised dots which are put into patterns in a rectangle. The different arrangements of the dots represent the letters of the alphabet or other 209

Revision E

Units (13, 14 & 15)

characters. There are symbols for punctuation marks and for math and music. A blind person reads by feeling the dots with their finger tips. Braille writing was not well known until sixteen years after its inventor’s death in 1852. Today, it is used in almost every country in the world and is considered the standard form of reading and writing for the blind. A) Answer the following questions:

1. W hat need inspired Louis Braille to invent a better system of reading for the blind? 2. What can be read with Braille in addition to words? 3. How can a blind person read with the Braille system? 4. In what year did the Braille system become well known? B) Choose the correct answer from a، b، c or d: 5. The underlined word “inspires” means .................. . a) to make someone want to do or achieve something b) to examine something carefully c) to give something to somebody d) to take money away from somebody 6. The underlined relative pronoun “where” refers to .................. . a) the money to study b) the Royal Institution for Blind Youth c) his home d) simple raised-print system for reading 7 Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 1. What would Fogg win if he travelled round the world in 80 days? 2. How do phobias affect people’s lives? 3. In your opinion, what important invention does the world need? 4. If you could travel round the world, what are two countries that you would like to visit and why? 5. If you had a phobia of spiders, which treatment would you prefer? 6. Do you know some of the wonders of the modern world? What are they?

The Novel (Oliver Twist)

8 A) Answer the following questions:

1. Why did Nancy go to the hotel to see Rose Maylie? 2. Who did Rose and Oliver visit while they were in London? 3. Who was the first person in Fagin’s gang to be arrested?

210

Revision E

4. In your opinion, why did Fagin think that Nancy was planning something? 5. Nancy was a sensitive woman. Do you think so? Why? B) Read the following quotation then answer the questions? “Why have you brought us to this strange place?” 1. Who said this to Nancy? 2. What was the strange place? 3. Why did she bring the people there?

Writing

9 Write a paragraph of about (90) words on the advantages and disadvantages of the mobile phone.

10 A) Translate into Arabic:

F Translation

1. My house is bigger than your house. 2. The Pyramids of Giza are a wonder of the ancient world. B) Translate into English: .‫ التلوث مشكلة خطيرة في كثير من الدول‬-

211