Unit 12 by nahdetmisr

Unit 12 People at work Objectives Listening : Listening for specific information Grammar : reported speech Reading : Reading for gist and for specific information Critical thinking : Understanding the importance of knowing a foreign language and being able to use the internet Functions : Asking and answering interviews questions Writing : Writing a job description

Key Vocabulary apply for (v) (y ied)

‫يتقدم إلى وظيفة‬

fireman (n)

‫رجل اإلطفاء‬

architect (n)

‫مهندس معمارى‬

flight attendant (n)

‫مضيفة جوية‬

baker (n)

‫خباز‬

improve (v) – d

carpenter (n)

‫نجار‬

life guard (n)

‫يحسن‬ ‫منقذ فى السباحة‬

cleaner (n)

‫عامل نظافة‬

qualifications (n)

‫مؤهالت‬

course (n)

‫ مقرر دراسي‬/ ‫دورة تدريبية‬

sales assistant (n)

‫بائع‬

customer (n) dentist (n)

‫زبون‬

translate (v) – d

‫يترجم‬

‫طبيب أسنان‬ 61

People at work

UNIT 12

ula cab

apprentice (n)

ing

‫صناديق القمامة‬

bread (n)

‫خبز‬

burning building designer (n)

empty (v) - y ied (adj)

far (adj) = remote

‫مبنى محترق‬ ‫مصمم‬ ‫ فارغ‬/ ‫يفرغ‬ ‫بعيد‬

frightening (adj)

‫مخيف‬

fright (n)

‫خوف‬

frighten (v) – ed

‫يخوف‬

injured (adj)

‫مصاب‬

injure (v) – d

‫ يجرح‬/ ‫يصيب‬

injury (n)

loaves (plural)

‫ جرح‬/ ‫اصابة‬

‫أرغفة‬

loaf (n)

‫رغيف‬

mainly (adv)

‫بشكل رئيسى‬

mixing (n)

‫خليط‬

mix (v) – ed

company (n)

din a e R

repair (v) – ed

road accidents (n) saw (n)

serving (n)

snack (n)

temperature (n) tins (n)

tiring (adj)

toilets (n)

touch (v) – ed untidy (adj)

vehicle (n)

workshop (n)

‫يصلح‬

‫حوادث الطرق‬ ‫منشار‬

‫ خدمة‬/ ‫تقديم‬ ‫وجبة خفيفة‬

‫درجة الحرارة‬

‫ صفائح‬/ ‫صيجان‬

‫متعب‬

‫ دورات مياه‬/ ‫حمامات‬ ‫يلمس‬

‫ غير منظم‬/ ‫غير مرتب‬ ‫مركبة‬

‫ورشة‬

Secondary Education Certificate (n) ‫شهادة الثانوية العامة‬

find out = discover (v)-found ‫يكتشف‬

trainee (n)

‫مسافرون‬ ‫ إصالح‬/ ‫تصليح‬

repairing (n)

trainer (n)

national holidays (n) ‫ رسمية‬/ ‫أجازات قومية‬

‫أفران‬

passengers (n)

train (v) – ed

‫حديث‬

‫ بعناية‬/ ‫بدقة‬

ovens (n)

‫شركة‬

modern (adj)

‫خليط‬

neatly (adv)

‫يخلط‬

lary

bu oca

‫مختلط‬

mixture (n)

‫ صبى‬/ ‫مساعد‬

bins (n)

mixed (adj)

n Liste

training (n)

‫يتدرب‬

‫مدرب‬

‫تدريب‬

‫المتدرب‬

UNIT 12

Critical Thinking & Communication Vocabulary accommodation (n)

‫إقامة‬

assistant (n)

‫مساعد‬

brochure (n)

‫كتيب للدعاية‬

check (v) – ed

‫ يراجع‬- ‫يفحص‬

documents (n)

‫وثائق‬

good pay

‫مرتب جيد‬

holiday destinations ‫وجهات االجازات‬

interview (n) )‫مقابلة (للحصول على عمل‬ interviewee (n)

‫المتحاور معه‬

interviewer (n)

‫محاور‬

job advertisement

‫اعالن وظيفة‬

W orkbook V ocabulary

cupboard (n)

‫دوالب‬

draft (n)

‫مسودة‬

flour (n)

‫دقيق‬

meetings (n) research (n) reservation (n)

‫اجتماعات‬ ‫بحث‬ ‫حجز‬

reserve (v) – d = book (v) – ed ‫يحجز‬ reserved (adj)

swimming pool (n)

‫محجوز‬

‫حمام سباحة‬

tourist attractions ‫أماكن الجذب السياحى‬ tourist guide

travel agent (n)

‫مرشد سياحى‬ ‫وكيل سفريات‬

travel company = travel agency (n) ‫شركة سياحة‬ wanted (adj)

spelling (n) block of flats (n) taste (n)

‫مطلوب‬

‫التهجى‬

‫عمارة سكنية‬

‫ طعم‬/ ‫ذوق‬

Definitions apply for architect

‫يتقدم لوظيفة‬ ‫مهندس معمارى‬

to officially ask to be considered for a job, place at a college, etc. especially by writing a letter someone whose job is to design buildings 63

UNIT 12

baker

People at work

‫خباز‬

someone whose job is to make bread and cakes, etc.

assistant

‫مساعد‬

someone who helps someone else to do a job

carpenter

‫نجار‬

someone whose job is to make and repair wooden objects

course customer

‫دورة أساسية‬ ‫زبون‬

a series of lessons about a subject someone who buys goods or a service

fireman

‫رجل االطفاء‬

s omeone, usually a man, whose job is to put out fires

flight attendant

‫مضيفة جوية‬

someone who serves passengers on a plane

improve qualifications temperature

‫يحسن‬

to become better, or to make something better

‫مؤهالت‬

examinations that you have passed at school or

‫درجة الحرارة‬

university

translate

‫يترجم‬

how hot or cold something is.

tourist

‫سائح‬

to change speech or writing from one language

Phrases, Expressions, Idioms & Prepositions answer telephone calls ‫يرد على المكالمات التليفونية‬

change jobs

badly injured

‫مصاب بشكل سئ‬

cut out of

drive for work

‫يقود سيارته للعمل‬

busy + (v-ing)

‫مشغول بــ‬

(be) on a flight

‫يكون على متن طائرة‬

(be) good with people ‫يكون طيبا مع الناس – جيد فى معاملة الناس‬ 64

‫يغير الوظائف‬ ‫يقطع من – ينفصل عن‬

UNIT 12

die in a fire

‫يموت فى حريقة‬

hours (a/per/every) day ‫ساعات فى اليوم‬

at the age of

‫فى ُعمر – فى سن‬

at the end of

make up (a story / a question ) ‫ سؤاال‬/ ‫يختلق – يؤلف قصة‬

‫فى نهاية‬

at weekends (be) best at turn on/off change into apprentice for show round (v)

‫فى عطالت نهاية االسبوع‬

‫يتفوق فى‬

)‫يطفئ (جهاز‬/‫يشغل‬ ‫ إلى‬.... ‫يغير‬/‫يحول‬

‫صبى ل‬

‫يصطحب فى جولة‬

three weeks’ holiday ‫عطلة ثالثة أسابيع‬ in the future serve food side by side take a long time on a course translate into

from all over the world ‫من كل أنحاء العالم‬

reason for

get drinks

interested in

get to work

‫يذهب للعمل‬

‫يحضر المشروبات‬

full of

‫فى المستقبل‬

‫يقدم طعاما‬

‫جنبا الى جنب‬

‫يستغرق وقتا طويال‬ ‫فى دورة تدريبية‬ ‫يترجم إلى‬

‫سبب ل‬

‫مملوء بـ‬ ‫مهتم بــ‬

Notes on Vocabulary ) ‫عمل ( اسم ال يعد أى ال يمكن جمعه‬ work (n): I’ve got so much work to do. ) ‫وظيفة ( اسم يعد أى يمكن جمعه‬ job (n): When she left college, she got a job as an air hostess. )‫مهنة (تحتاج إلى مؤهالت وتدريب‬ profession (n): Teaching is a great profession. ‫الحياة المهنية والعملية لشخص‬ career (n): His career as an actor didn’t last long. task (n): ‫مهمة فى عمل‬ My task at work is to write and send e-mails. : ‫الحظ‬ .‫ جمع بمعنى اعمال أدبية او فنية اوهندسية‬works ‫من الممكن ان تأتى كلمة‬ Egypt is full of ancient and modern works of engineering. The works of Naguib Mahfouz are wonderful. 65

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People at work

hard (adj): I’m not very good at maths, I find it quite a hard subject. hard (adv): My brother always works hard at school. hardly (adv): I’ve hardly done any school work this weekend. work for: Ali worked for a good company. work with: Nada worked with very kind colleagues.

‫ قاس‬/ ‫صعب‬ ‫بصعوبة‬ ‫بالكاد‬

)‫شركة‬/‫يعمل لدى (شخص‬ ‫يعمل مع‬

‫يتعلم‬ learn + ( to + inf. / how to + inf. ): She is very keen to learn ( to / how to ) speak Japanese language. ‫يدرس – ُيعلم‬ teach + ( to + inf. / how to + inf. ): She teaches the children ( to / how to ) pronounce correctly our local school. ‫يعرف‬ know + how to + inf.: He knows how to do it well. ‫يبين‬ show + how to + inf.: He showed her how to turn on and off the microwave. Like+ (n): He is very like his father. as + a/an (job): She works as a receptionist. Treat me as a friend.

Confusing Words • advise

• apply for

• destination • mixture

• translate 66

)‫ اسم‬+(‫مثل‬ )‫ الوظيفة‬+( ‫كـ‬

‫ينصح بفعل شئ‬ ‫يتقدم لوظيفة‬

• recommend • reply to

‫ وجهة‬/ ‫جهة الوصول‬

• location

‫تحريريا‬ ‫شفويا أو‬ ‫يترجم‬ ًّ ًّ

• interpret

‫خليط‬

• texture

‫شخصا بشىء‬ ‫ ينصح‬/ ‫يوصى‬ ً ‫يرد علي‬

)‫ تصوير‬- ‫موقع (عمل‬ ‫نسيج‬

‫فوريا‬ ًّ ‫يترجم‬

UNIT 12

Remember the following Make Do

bread - cakes - tables - chairs - mistakes - furniture - money

a job - one’s best - better - well - badly - duties - without - work - a course

Listening Text 1. Baker: I get up very early in the morning about four o’clock, and I don’t finish until three o’clock in the afternoon, but I really love my job. I work in my own street, so I don’t have to travel far to get to work. The first thing I do when I get here is to turn on the ovens, so that when the bread is ready, the ovens are the right temperature. Mixing the flour and water together takes a long time, and when I finish that I put the new loaves into tins and then put them in the oven. By eight o’clock my shop is full of warm bread ready for my customers to buy. The rest of the day, I make cakes. 2. Cleaner: I do most of my work when other people are at home. Some weeks I work in the evenings and some weeks I work in the early morning. I must finish my work before the office workers arrive. It would be impossible to do my job when everyone was working. I clean the floors and the toilets and I empty all the bins. I don’t touch anything on the desks, even if they are very untidy. It’s not a bad job, but it is quite tiring. 3. Fireman: Of course, it’s a very dangerous job sometimes, but we don’t spend all our time in burning buildings. Most of our work is going to road accidents, usually when people must be cut out of their vehicles. I have never been badly injured but some of my friends have. Last year, my best friend died in a fire in a block of flats. When I’m working, I don’t think about the dangers, because I’m too busy rescuing people – but later, at home, I think about what I’ve done. That can be very frightening. 67

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People at work

4. Flight attendant: I mainly work on international flights. This month it’s Egypt to China and Japan. Last month all my flights were to the States. It can be a tiring job, but it’s usually interesting. There are always lots of things to do, like getting passengers drinks and serving food. I enjoy talking to the passengers. The only part of my job I don’t like is staying in hotels in other countries. Next year I’m going to be on national flights – so I’ll only have to fly to other towns and cities in Egypt. 5. Carpenter: I’ve done this job since I left school when I was 13. I worked as an apprentice for my grandfather, who had a workshop at the end of our street. I learnt everything from him. The first thing he taught me was how to cut wood neatly with a saw. Now most of my work is repairing things in people’s houses, like doors and windows, stairs and floors, but sometimes someone asks me to make a table or chair – and that’s what I really enjoy doing.

Reading Text Samira : Who do you work for? Leila : One World Travel. It’s one of the biggest travel companies in the country. Samira : Why did you apply for the job? Leila : I applied for the job there because I wanted to work for a modern company that works with foreign companies. The company also said they would train me. Samira : What qualifications did you need? Leila : I had to have the Secondary Education Certificate. I also had to speak and write English. Samira : What training did you do? Leila : Before I started, the company sent me on a language course to improve my English and to learn to translate Arabic into English and English into Arabic. I was also taught to use the internet. Samira : How many hours do you work? 68

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Leila : I work eight hours a day, six days a week, starting on Saturday and finishing on Thursday. Samira : How much holiday do you have/get? Leila : I have three weeks’ holiday a year, and I have all the national holidays. Samira : What work did you do at first? Leila : When I started, I spent a week finding out what other people in the company did. Samira : What work do you do now? Leila : Now I write letters and e-mails and I answer telephone calls from other countries. Sometimes I also translate letters from English into Arabic. Samira : Do you Like your job? Leila : Yes, I really enjoy my job. I enjoy meeting and talking to customers from all over the world.

Questions & Answers ‫ماذا يجب على السكرتيرة عمله؟‬ 1. What does a secretary have to do? A secretary has to write letters and e-mails, answer phone calls and sometimes translates letters. 2. What qualifications do employees need nowadays to get a good job? ‫ما المؤهالت التى يحتاجها الموظفون للحصول على وظيفة جيدة؟‬ Speaking and writing in English well, being able to use the internet and deal with people well. 3. How can companies improve the skills of their employees? ‫كيف يمكن للشركات تحسين مهارات موظفيها؟‬ By giving them special training courses on these skills. 4. How can a person improve a foreign language? ‫كيف يمكن لشخص تحسين اللغة األجنبية؟‬ By doing a course on this language at university or institute. ‫معهد‬ 5. What should an applicant have before applying for a job? ‫ماذا يجب على المتقدم للوظيفة أن يكون لديه قبل التقدم بطلب للحصول عليها؟‬ He should have all the necessary qualifications. 69

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People at work

6. What does a baker do? He makes bread and cakes.

‫ما الذي تقوم به الخباز؟‬

‫كيف يصنع الخباز الخبز؟‬ 7. How does a baker make bread? By mixing the flour and water together. Then, putting it in the oven at the right temperature. ‫ما الذي تقوم به عامل النظافة؟‬ 8. What does a cleaner do? He cleans the floors and the toilets and empties all the bins. ‫ماذا يعمل رجل اإلطفاء؟‬ 9. What does a fireman do? He puts out ‫ يطفئ‬fires and rescues people in danger in burning buildings.

10. How do firemen rescue people in car accidents? ‫كيف ينقذ رجال اإلطفاء الناس فى حوادث السيارات؟‬ They have sometimes to cut people out of their vehicles. 11. What does a flight attendant do? She gets passengers drinks and serves food.

‫ما الذي تقوم به المضيفة الجوية؟‬

‫ما الذي تقوم به النجار؟‬ 12. What does a carpenter do? He cuts wood neatly ‫ بدقة‬to make doors, windows, chairs, stairs and floors. He also repairs things made of wood.

Critical Thinking Questions & Answers 13. Why is it important for someone in a travel company to speak English well? SB ‫لماذا من المهم لشخص يعمل في شركة سياحية ان يتحدث االنجليزية جيدا؟‬ English is an international language spoken by many people as a second language. A person in a travel company would need to speak to people from many countries. 14. D o you think Leila will need to be best at speaking, listening, reading or writing English? SB ‫هل تعتقد ان ليلي ستكون بحاجة الن تكون افضل في تحد واستماع وقراءة وكتابة اللغة االنجليزية؟‬ She will probably need all four language skills: listening and speaking (for phone calls and meetings), reading and writing (for letters, emails, brochures, etc.) 15. Why do you think Leila will need to be able to translate from and into Arabic? SB ‫لماذا تعتقد ان ليلي سوف تحتاج الن تكون قادرة علي الترجمة من والي العربية؟‬ There will be documents/emails, etc. which need to be read by people who know only Arabic and others by people who don’t know any Arabic. 70

UNIT 12

16. How do you think Leila uses the internet in her work? SB ‫في رايك كيف تستخدم ليلي االنترنت في عملها؟‬ - To book flights and other travel reservations. - To check times. - To find accommodation. - To research holiday destinations and tourist attractions,etc. 17. What are the advantages of speaking to people in their own language? S ‫ ما هي مزايا التحدث مع الناس بلغاتهم؟‬B It is easier to communicate, but also easier to understand possible cultural differences. It also leads to respect and mutual understanding. 18. We can use the internet to learn languages. How else can the internet be used to improve people’s lives? SB ‫ كيف يمكن ان يحسن االنترنت حياة الناس ايضا؟‬.‫يمكنا ان نستخدم االنترنت لتعلم اللغات‬

- It can help people with their education, research and various skills such as spelling. - It can give them access to up to-date information from anywhere in the world. - It can provide access to an increasing range of services, saving travel, money and time.

19. Do you think being able to use the internet will become more or less Important In the future? Why? SB ‫هل تعتقد ان امكانية استخدام االنترنت سوف تصبح اكثر ام اقل اهمية في المستقبل؟ لماذا؟‬ It will probably become more important as more and more people use it. 20. Why do you think some job needs someone who can speak English? S ‫ لماذا تعتقد ان وظيفة ما تحتاج شخصا يمكنه تحدث االنجليزية؟‬B - The sales assistant needs to speak to customers. - The tourist guide and guard need to speak to tourists. 21. How might the people doing these jobs use the internet in their work? SB (sales assistant- tourist guide- life guard ) ‫المرش�د‬-‫كيف من المحتمل ان الناس الذين يقومون بهذه الوظائف يس�تخدمون االنترنت في اعمالهم؟ (البائع‬ )‫المنقذ في السباحة‬-‫السياحي‬ - The shop assistant may need to order new things for the shop or answer emails. - The tourist guide may need to look up information about the opening times and prices of museums, etc. - The life guard may not need to use it, unless he/she needed to send emails or buy equipment. 71

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People at work

22. Which job would you like to do? Why?

SB ‫أى وظيفة تحب أن تعمل؟ لماذا‬ I’d like to be a tour guide: to research information about places or interests. To deal with foreigners and acquire useful experience.

Exercises 1. What does a secretary do? (2015– ‫)البحيرة ادارة ابو المطامير‬ 2. How do you think a secretary uses the internet in her work? 3. What are the advantages of speaking to people in their languages? 4. How can a person improve a foreign language? 5. How can the internet be used to improve people’s lives? 6. What qualifications do most jobs need nowadays? 7. Why do people sometimes change their jobs? 8. Why do you think people should like the jobs they do? (2014– ‫)االسكندرية ادارة شرق‬ 9. What do flight attendants do? 10. How can a person remain employable at his job? (2016– ‫)الدقهلية ادارة طلخا‬ 11. What qualities do you need to be a good tourist guide? 12. What does a fireman do? (2013– ‫)االسكندرية ادارة غرب‬

Vocabulary Exercises

1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: Student’s Book – Workbook

The ................. were busy because the plane was full of passengers. a) flight attendants b) pilots c) waiters d) servants 2 The ................. rescued two old people from the burning flat. a) customers b) fireman c) carpenters d) bakers 3 The bread that our ................. makes always tastes very good. a) waiter b) fireman c) baker d) carpenter 4 A famous ................. designed my house. a) archaeologist b) biologist c) architect d) carpenter 5 A ................. is going to make us a new cupboard for our kitchen. a) customer b) fireman c) carpenter d) baker 1

UNIT 12

6 A waiter .................

food to customers at a restaurant. a) serves b) grows c) makes d) cooks 7 Leila applied ................. a new job last week. b) in c) with d) for a) to 8 She was interested ................. working for a modern company. b) in c) with d) for a) to 9 She would like to work in another country ................. the future. b) in c) with d) for a) to 10 She’s learning how to translate English ................. Arabic. a) from b) into c) at d) for 11 She answers telephone calls ................. other countries. a) from b) in c) to d) with 12 She likes the people she works ................. . a) on b) out c) into d) with 13 A ................. is a person who buys things in a shop. b) farmer c) sales assistant d) translator a) customer 14 To ................. for a job is to write or ask for a job. a) insist b) apply c) assist d) study NEW

GEM

15 The

travel ................. organised trips all over the world. a) work b) agency c) force d) service 16 A ................. works in an office and arranges holidays for customers. a) travel agent b) manager c) guard d) seller 17 In some road accidents, people must be cut ................. of their vehicles. a) down b) up c) out d) back 18 To see a house on fire is really ................. . a) frightens b) frightening c) frighten d) frightened 19 My uncle ................. this video for me to watch. a) recommended b) advised c) consulted d) directed 20 What are your ................. for taking part in this competition? a) causes b) effects c) results d) reasons 21 The tour guide telephoned the hotel to confirm the ................. of the group. a) reservation b) preservation c) preserve d) book 73

People at work

UNIT 12

22 Everyone

was asked to ................. suggestions to solve that problem. a) do b) take c) make d) carry 23 It would be impossible to ................. my job when everyone was working. a) work b) do c) stay d) make 24 She joined an English language course to ................. her speaking skill of English. a) best b) improve c) higher d) better 25 Mr Gawad is good at ........... spoken English into Arabic in the press conference. b) interpreting c) making d) doing a) translating 26 Finally, he got ................. as a language teacher in an institute. a) a career b) a position c) a job d) profession 27 Look at this office, it is dirty and ................. . a) comfortable b) clean c) attractive d) untidy 28 “Go to the ................. shop to have this chair repaired”, said father. a) plumber’s b) baker’s c) carpenter’s d) chemist’s 29 My sister works ................. a nurse. a) like b) such as c) by d) as 30 Please, could I have four ................. of bread? a) leaves b) leaflets c) loaves d) lifts 31 A/An................. is someone who works for somebody for low wages in order to learn a skill. a) craftsman b) official c) guard d) apprentice 32 He has a ................. of flats overlooking the Nile. a) house b) building c) home d) block 33 How tidy your flat is! Everything is ................. arranged. a) neat b) neatly c) near d) nearly 34 The children have almost eaten everything. There is ................. any food left. a) hardly b) hardness c) hard d) hardest 35 You must try ................. . That’s your last chance. a) many b) always c) hard d) hardly

Previous Exams 36 You’ll

never get a good job if you don’t have any ................. . (2014– ‫)ادارة القاهرة الزيتون‬ a) courses b) scales c) qualifications d) glaciers 37 Being a flight attendant is sometimes a ................. job. ( 2015– ‫)القاهرة ادارة عابدين‬ a) tire b) tired c) tiring d) try 74

UNIT 12

38 Leila

works eight hours ................. day. (2015– ‫)البحيرة ادارة ابو المطامير‬ a) a b) in c) par d) bar 39 A ................. is a person who serves in a shop. (2016– ‫)الدقهلية ادارة السنبالوين‬ a) customer b) waiter c) sales assistant d) flight attendant 40 To ................. is to change from one language into another. (2016– ‫)كفر الشيخ ادارة دسوق‬ a) inspect b) attend c) tour d) translate

2 Find and correct the mistake in each of the following sentences: Student’s Book – Workbook

1. A scientist is a young person at school or university. (............) 2. She starts work in Saturday morning. (............) 3. At the end of the day, the customer sweep the floor and wash the cups. (............) 4. If your tooth hurts, you should go and see a doctor. (............) 5. A sales assistant is someone who visits another country on holiday. (............) NEW

GEM

6. A life garden is someone whose job at a beach or swimming pool is to help swimmers who are in danger. (............) 7. Throw your wastes in this pin, please. (............) 8. First, fix the butter and sugar together, then add the milk. (............) 9. Press the mixture onto the bread and bake in a hot open for 10 minutes. (............) 10. The cleaner of my wedding dress is the greatest artist; Hany El-Behiry. (............) 11. A sew is a tool that you use for cutting wood. It has a flat blade with an edge cut into many V shapes. 12. A snake is a small amount of food that is eaten between main meals or instead of a meal. (............) 13. Because of the last violent match, Chelsea have three injury players. (............) 14. I don’t go out much, main because I have to look after the kids. (............) 15. A shopwork is a room or building where tools and machines are used for making or repairing things. (............) 16. The price for the holiday includes flights and recommendation. (............) 75

People at work

UNIT 12

17. A leaflet is a thin book giving information or advertising something. (............) (............) 18. I read the first drift and thought it was very good. 19. They put an arrangement in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right person. (............) (............) 20. It’s along walk to the shops from here, so we should take a taxi.

rammar

Reported Speech

(‫الكالم المنقول (غير المباشر‬

Direct Speech

‫الكالم المباشر‬ .‫ الكالم المباشر هو الكالم الصادر من قائله دون أي تغيير‬-

He said, “I have studied English with my friends.”

Indirect Speech

‫الكالم الغير مباشر‬ .‫ الكالم غير المباشر هو الكالم المنقول عن شخص علي لسان شخص آخر‬-

He said that he had studied English with his friends.

Statement

‫الجملة الخبرية‬

‫لتحويل الجملة الخبرية من مباشر إلي غير مباشر نتبع اآلتي‬ ً‫ا‬ :‫ تحويالت خارج عالمات االقتباس و هي التي ترتبط بفعل القول‬:‫أول‬ say to ............... tell say ............... say said ............... said says ............... says says to ............... tells said to ............... told ‫ و من الممكن حذفها‬that ‫نحذف األقواس و نربط بكلمة‬ :‫ تغيرات داخل عالمات االقتباس و تشمل اآلتي‬:‫ثانيا‬ ً ‫ تحول الضمائر داخل عالمات االقتباس حسب الضمائر خارجه‬: ‫ تحويالت الضمائر‬-1 I ............... he/she my ............... his/her ‫ضمائر المتكلم حسب الشخص المتكلم خارج عالمات االقتباس‬ me ............... him/ her mine ............... his/ hers 76

UNIT 12

‫ األزمنة تتحول من المضارع إلي الماضي (يعود الزمن درجة لالقدم) إذا كان فعل القول ماضي‬-2 Present simple ............... past simple: play (s) ............... played Present continuous ............... past continuous: am / is / are + v-ing ............... was / were + v-ing Present perfect ............... past perfect: have / has +p.p ............... had + p.p Past simple ............... past perfect / past perfect: saw ............... saw / had seen must + be/inf ‫ االستنتاج‬............... must have +p.p. must+ inf ‫ االلزام‬/ have to / has to ............... had to will / can / may ............... would / could / might :‫ تحول الظروف المكانية و الزمانية كاالتي‬-3 the day before / the previous day yesterday the next ( following) day tomorrow then today that day now that night ago / last before / the previous tonight the following here there next that these those this Examples:

He said to me “I will travel to Alexandria tomorrow.” = He told me that he would travel to Alexandria the next day. She said to her mother, “I phoned you yesterday.” = She told her mother that she had phoned (phoned) her the day before. Mona said, “I must study my lessons today.” = Mona said that she had to study her lessons that day. He said, “I didn’t attend the party. I must apologise.” = He said that he hadn’t attended the party and added that he had to apologise. ‫الحـــــ ظ‬

and that / and added that ‫في الجملة السابقة عند وجود جملتين داخل عالمات االقتباس نربط بينها بـ‬ 77

UNIT 12

People at work

Notes the following :‫األزمنة داخل عالمات االقتباس ال يتم تغييرها في الحاالت اآلتية‬ say – says – tell – tells ‫ إذا كان فعل القول مضارع‬-1 Hana says, “ I am watching TV now.” = Hana says that she is watching TV now. .‫ إذا كان ما بداخل عالمات االقتباس حقيقة علمية ثابته‬-2 Ali said to Hani, “ The sun rises in the morning.” = Ali told Hani that the sun rises in the morning. .‫ فعل القول ماضي مع وجود كلمة تدل علي حدوث الفعل في الحال أو قبل فترة بسيطة‬-3 He said just now, “ No one is allowed to leave.” = He said just now that no one is allowed to leave. If ‫ الحالة الصفرية و الثانية و الثالثة من الحاالت الشرطية‬-4 He said to me, “If you boil water, it turns into steam.” = He told me that if you boil water, it turns into steam. Eman said to me, “ If you played well, you would win the game.” = Eman told me that if I played well, I would win the game. = Eman told me that if I had played well, I would have won the game. .‫في الجملة السابقة نالحظ انه من الممكن تحويل الحالة الثانية إلي الحالة الثالثة أو تبقي كما هي‬ .‫ تتحول إلي الحالة الثانية‬If ‫الحالة األولي من‬

‫الحـــــ ظ‬

Ali said, “If I study hard, I will pass the test easily.” = Ali said that if he studied hard, he would pass the test easily.

Important Notes :‫ إلي بعض الكلمات حسب معني الجملة كما يلي‬said ‫من الممكن أن يتحول فعل القول‬

:‫ كما يلي‬offered to + inf. ‫ إلي‬said ‫ في جملة العرض تتحول‬-1 ‫ فاعل‬+ offered to + inf.

He said, “Can I help you?” = He offered to help me. She said to Ahmed, “Shall I carry the bag for you?” = She offered to carry the bag for Ahmed. 78

UNIT 12

:‫ كما يلي‬suggested ‫ إلي‬said ‫ في جملة اإلقتراح تتحول‬-2

‫ فاعل‬+ suggest + v-ing.

‫ فاعل‬+ suggest + that + ‫ فاعل‬+ should + inf.

He said, “What about playing football today?” = He suggested playing football that day. = He suggested that we should play football that day. :‫ كما يلي‬accused ‫ إلي‬said ‫ في جملة اإلتهام تتحول‬-3 ‫ فاعل‬+ accused + ‫ مفعول‬of + v-ing. / noun

The police said to the criminal, “ You have killed the woman on purpose.” = The police accused the criminal of killing the woman on purpose. : ‫ كما يلي‬denied ‫ إلي‬said ‫ في جملة اإلنكار تتحول‬-4 ‫ فاعل‬+ denied + v-ing.

‫ فاعل‬+ denied that + ‫جملة‬

The thief said,” I didn’t steal the money.” = The thief denied stealing the money. = The thief denied that he hadn’t stolen the money. :‫ كما يلي‬apologised ‫ إلي‬said ‫ في جملة اإلعتذار تتحول‬-5 ‫ فاعل‬+ apologized for + v-ing.

‫ فاعل‬+ apologized to ‫ مفعول‬for + v-ing. ‫ فاعل‬+ apologized that + ‫جملة‬

She said, “I’m sorry I didn’t do my homework.” = She apologized for not doing her homework. = She apologized that she hadn’t done her homework. He said to his teacher, “I’ sorry for coming late.” = He apologized to his teacher for coming late. :‫ كما يلي‬promised ‫ تتحول إلي‬said ‫ في جملة الوعد تتحول‬-6 ‫ فاعل‬+ promised ‫ مفعول‬to + inf. My father said, “If you get high marks, I will take you on a journey to Paris.” = My father promised to take me on a journey to Paris if I got high marks. :‫ كما يلي‬advised ‫ إلي‬said ‫ في جملة النصيحة تتحول‬-7 ‫ فاعل‬+ advised + )‫ (مفعول‬+ to + inf. My mother said to me, “ You should study.” = My mother advised me to study hard.

‫‪People at work‬‬

‫؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟‬

‫ ‪Yes or No Questions‬‬

‫‪UNIT 12‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ عند تحويل السؤال ب هل من مباشر إلي غير مباشر نتبع اآلتي‬‫‪ -1‬يتحول فعل القول كما يلي‬ ‫‪said (to) ............... asked / wanted to know / inquired / wondered‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬نحذف عالمات االقتباس و نربط باحدي الكلمات اآلتية ‪if / whether‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬نقدم الفاعل علي الفعل (نحول الجملة االستفهامية إلي جملة خبرية)‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬الضمائر داخل عالمات االقتباس تتحول حسب الضمائر خارج عالمات االقتباس كما سبق‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬األزمنة من المضارع إلي الماضي إذا كان فعل القول ماضي كما سبق مع مالحظة أن األزمنة ال تتحول إذا كان‬ ‫فع�ل الق�ول مض�ارع (‪ )say – says – ask – asks‬او عن�د وج�ود كلمة تدل علي ح�دوث الفعل منذ فترة‬ ‫قصيرة جدا مثل (‪ )just now‬أو ان الجملة نعبر عن حقيقة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬تحول الكلمات الدالة علي الزمان و المكان كما سبق‪.‬‬ ‫‪Examples:‬‬

‫”?‪He said to me, “Do you speak English well‬‬ ‫‪= He asked me if / whether I spoke English well.‬‬ ‫”?‪He said to me,” Can you come to my birthday party‬‬ ‫‪= He asked me if / whether I could come to his birthday party.‬‬ ‫”‪Mido said, “Did you buy me the bike, dad‬‬ ‫‪= Mido asked dad if he had bought him the bike.‬‬ ‫?‪Osama says, “Are you going to visit your uncle‬‬ ‫‪= Osama wants to know if / whether I am going to visit my uncle.‬‬

‫‪Notes the following‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬عند وجود ‪ do / does‬يتم حذفها و يتحول الزمن إلي ماضي بسيط‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬عند وجود ‪ did‬يتم حذفها و يتحول الزمن إلي ماضي تام أو يبقي ماضي بسيط‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬في سؤال ‪ choose‬البد من اختيار اإلجابة التي تبدأ بالفاعل عندما يكون السؤال غير مباشر‪.‬‬ ‫‪He asked me if ............... to the cinema the day before.‬‬ ‫ ‪a) had I gone‬‬ ‫‪ b) I had gone‬‬ ‫ ‪c) did I go‬‬ ‫‪ d) will I go‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬

UNIT 12

Advanced Points :‫الحظ تحويل الجمل اآلتية من مباشر الي غير مباشر‬

He said to me , “ Good morning.” = He wished me a good morning. She said to her mother, “ Thanks for helping me.” = She thanked her mother for helping her. Ali said, “I wish I had helped you yesterday.” = Ali regretted not helping me the day before. She said, “Ok, I will help you.” = She agreed to help me. whether ‫ البد من استخدام‬or ‫ بنفس المعني اال مع وجود‬whether ‫ او‬if ‫من الممكن استخدام‬ He asked me ............... I would travel by car or in a taxi. a) if b) whether c) where d) how said & told :‫ كيف تختار بين‬: ‫الحظ‬ ( say / says / said ) + ( that ‫ ( فعل‬+ ) ‫ ( فاعل‬+ ) ‫ ) أو من الممكن اإلستغناء عنها‬+ ........ ( tell / tells / told ) + ( ‫ ) مفعول‬+( that ‫ ( فعل‬+ ) ‫ ( فاعل‬+ ) ‫ ) أو من الممكن اإلستغناء عنها‬+ ........

Grammar Exercises 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: Student’s Book – Workbook

He said that the first thing he did when he ............. there was to turn on the ovens. a) gets b) got c) get d) will get 2 She said that she ............. anything on the desks. a) don’t touch b) doesn’t touch c) hasn’t touched d) didn’t touch 3 He said that his favourite drink ............. orange juice. a) has been b) will be c) was d) were 4 He asked if ............. help him. a) can he b) could I c) I can d) I could 5 Your mother asks what your plans ............. for the next week. a) were b) have c) are d) had been 1

UNIT 12

People at work

Mostafa ............. that he lived near to Alexandria. a) said b) told c) asked d) wondered 7 He said that his father ............. him to make bread. a) teach b) has taught c) had taught d) teaching 8 Hussein said that he ............. special cake the following day. a) is making b) will make c) was making d) has made 9 He said that one of their ovens ............. the day before. a) was repairing b) had repaired c) is repaired d) had been repaired 10 She asked me ............. she could help me with my homework. a) whether b) weather c) that d) for 11 The man asked me if he ............. help me. a) will b) can c) could d) would 12 He said that he really ............. his job. a) loves b) loving c) loved d) being love 6

NEW 13 Ali

GEM

says that he ............. very tired now. a) had b) was c) is d) were 14 The police said that the murder ............. the night before. a) had been arrested b) had arrested c) arrested d) was being arrested 15 My sister told me that she ............. a new movie on TV then. b) was watching c) had watched d) watching a) watched 16 He wants to know if ............. her lessons. a) she was studying b) was she studying c) she is studying d) is she studying 17 They ............. me whether I was ill. a) said b) told c) wanted to know d) asked 18 My son told me just now that he ............. with his friends the next day. a) will travel b) would travel c) had traveled d) travels 19 Ramy denied ............. the new vase. a) broke b) breaking c) break d) to break 20 All the doctors ............. there is nothing wrong with my stomach. a) says b) tell c) told d) say 21 Hani said that he ............. a new flat yet. a) didn’t find b) hasn’t found c) hadn’t found d) wasn’t found 82

UNIT 12

22 He

said that water ............. if we heat it. a) boiled b) had boiled c) would boil d) boils 23 He asked me ............. I had traveled by train to Alexandria. a) if b) that c) where d) weather 24 The tour guide explained that the Nile ............. the longest river in the world. a) was b) had been c) is d) will be 25 He ............. his mother that he was going to go out. a) told b) said c) asked d) wondered 26 I told Akram that I ............. to the countryside the following week. a) am traveling b) will travel c) was traveling d) had traveled 27 Adel said he ............. working for a computer repair company. a) will be b) is c) was d) has been 28 She ............. her friend had an accident, but I don’t know whether she was Rania or not. a) said b) told c) say d) tell 29 Amina said that she ............. look for a mechanic when her car broke down. a) must b) had to c) has to d) have to 30 He said that the moon ............. its light from the sun. a) got b) had got c) get d) gets 31 Ali suggested that he ............. go to the theater that night. a) can b) shall c) should d) must 32 Ali told his father a moment ago that he ............. to be a doctor. a) wants b) wanted c) will want d) is wanting 33 She promised ............. me if I needed any help. a) helping b) to help c) not to help d) helped 34 Maha said that she had bought a car ............. . a) yesterday b) next day c) the day before d) the day after

Previous Exams 35 Adel

said he ............. flown to London the week before. (2011 ‫)االسكندرية – إدارة وسط‬ a) has b) had c) is d) was 36 He said that he ............. his homework the previous week. (2013 ‫)بني سويف – إدارة ببا‬ a) had done b) would do c) is doing d) was doing 37 Our teacher ............. that we would write all those questions. (2013 ‫)كفر الشيخ – بلطيم‬ a) told b) said c) said to d) tells 83

UNIT 12

People at work

38 I

wondered if he ............. many points. a) will score b) could score c) has scored 39 My friend told me ............. an accident. a) if he saw b) what he had seen c) that he’d seen 40 She asked me ............. I scored a famous goal. a) that b) not to c) if

(2016 ‫)الشرقية – إدارة ههيا‬

d) scores

(2015 ‫)القاهرة – إدارة حلوان‬

d) if he sees

(2016 ‫)القاهرة – إدارة مصر الجديدة‬

d) to

2 Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets, to give the same meaning. 1. “You must revise for the final exam, Leila.” father said.

(told) WB

2. Hatem said, “My grandfather taught me how to organise my time.” (said that) WB 3. My sister told me that she was doing her homework then. 4. Hussein said, “ I enjoyed being a baker.”

(said) WB

(Hussein said that…..)

5. He said, “ The first thing I do when I get there is to turn on the ovens.” (said that) 6. She said to me, “ Will you take some photos of Petra for me?” (asked) 7. Ali said, “ Have you done your homework?” (2012 ‫( )أسوان – إدفو‬Ali asked if….) 8. The teacher said, “Today you are late, Kareem.” (2013 ‫( )الغربية – السنطة‬told) 9. He said to Mona,” I will go to school tomorrow.” (2015 ‫( )القاهرة – إدارة حلوان‬told) 10.“ Egypt lies in the North of Africa.” (2015 ‫( )إدارة السالم‬The teacher told us…..) 11. He said, “ I must drive for my work. I have my own car.” (He said that……) 12. He said to me just now, “ I have bought a new car.” (told) 13. “Let’s go out for dinner.” (2016 ‫ ادارة كفر الدوار‬-‫( )البحيرة‬Ali suggested…) 14. “ I was late for school this morning.” (Ali told me…..) 15. He said to me, “ I’m reading a story now.” (He told……) 16. He asked, “ Did Hana get the right treatment?” (He wanted to know…..) 17. Ahmed said, “ I didn’t steal your money.” (Ahmed denied…….) 18. “ If it rained, they wouldn’t play the match.” (He said ……………) 19. My brother said, I wouldn’t give you my mobile.” (refused) 20. He told me that he would call his friend the following week. (said) 21. She told her boss that she was sorry she had arrived late. (apologised) 22. “If you study hard, you’ll join the faculty of medicine.” (The teacher said) 23. She said to me, “ Shall I carry this heavy bag for you?” ( She offered….) 24. The teacher told his students that they had to take down some notes. (have to) 25. He asked me if I had played that match the day before. (He said ……..) 84

UNIT 12

Language Functions Asking and answering interview questions Questions

‫؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟‬

Response

• Where are you from? • Where do you teach? • What do you do at the school? • Why did you choose to work in Alex?

• I’m from London in Britain. • I teach at a language school at Alexandria. • I teach English and prepare lessons. • I chose Alexandria because I wanted to learn Arabic and live in a historic city. • How many hours do you work a week? • I work 36 hours a week. • I have two months’ holiday a year, and • How much holiday do you have? all national holidays. • I like life in Egypt and traveling in the • What do you like about your work? Middle East and I have good friends here. • What would you like to do in the future? • In the future, I’d like to have a language school in Cairo.

Skills 1 Finish the following dialogue:

“Wael is at “The National Company” applying for the job of a secretary.” Interviewer : ..................................(1)..................................? Wael : I want to apply for the job of a secretary. Interviewer : ..................................(2)..................................? Wael : I graduated from Cairo University in 2004 then I had a course in computer. Interviewer : Have you got any past experience? Wael : ..................................(3).................................. . Interviewer : ..................................(4).................................. . Wael : OK. I’ve filled it in, here you are. 85

UNIT 12

People at work

2 Write what would you say in each of the following situations:

You are asked which job you would like to do in the future. 2 You are asked about how many hours you work a day. 3 You ask an interviewee about his qualifications. 4 You ask some one about his/ her dream job. 5 Some one wants to know what you like about your job. 6 You meet a tourist at the airport and wants to know about his nationality. 7 You are asked about your work place. 8 You are asking people questions for a school project. You want to know the number of days of holiday they have. WB 3 Translation: A) Translate into Arabic: 1. We can’t catch up with developed countries without using the computer in all fields. 2. Money urges some people to commit crimes such as theft, forgery and murder. 3. A fireman doesn’t care about dangers, he is ready to give his life to save others. 4. Science must be directed to the welfare of humanity. 1

B) Translate into English:

.‫ فالصحبة الجيدة تمنع الفرد من االنحراف‬،‫ عليك اختيار الصديق‬-1 .‫ علينا جميعا مساعدة اليتامى والفقراء‬-2 .‫ يجب أن تأخـذ قسطا من الراحـة لكي تجـدد نشاطـك وتكـون قادرا على اإلنتـاج‬-3 .‫ نحن جميعا فخورون بانتمائنا لمصر العظيمة‬-4

Enrich catch up with urge

your

‫يواكب – يساير‬

vocabulary developed countries

‫الدول المتقدمة‬

‫يدفع‬

commit

‫يرتكب‬

forgery

‫التزوير‬

murder

‫جريمة قتل‬

welfare

‫الرفاهية‬

deviation

‫االنحراف‬

belonging

‫االنتماء‬

renew

‫يجدد‬

UNIT 12

Writing : A description of a person’s job ‫وصف وظيفة شخص ما‬ Answer these questions about someone you know who has a job. ‫ اجب عن هذه األسئلة عن شخص تعرفه‬1. Where is he/she from? 2. Where does he/she work? 3. What does he/she do there? 4. Why did he/she choose to work there? 5. How many hours does he/she work a week? 6. How much holiday does he/she have? 7. What does he/she like about the job? 8. What does he/she want to do in the future?

Model Paragraph A description of Ed Fawley’s job Ed Fawley is twenty-seven years old. He’s from Vancouver in Canada, but at the moment he’s working as a teacher in a school in Alexandria. He teaches English to Egyptian students. He works hard. He often teaches thirsty-six hours a week and spends a lot of time preparing lessons. However, he has two months’ holiday a year and all the Egyptian national holidays. Ed first came to Alexandria because he wanted to learn Arabic and live in a historic city. He likes his job, enjoys Egyptian life, has many good friends here and loves travelling in the Middle East. In the future, he would like to go to Cairo and open a language school there.

Advanced ‫هذا التمرين مجاب عنه فى آخر الكتاب‬

1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

He asked me .................. I had been watched the play or the film. a) if b) unless c) whether d) where 2 Mona .................. her friend Huda was ill the day before. a) told b) says c) asked d) said 1

UNIT 12

People at work

3 Ali

told me that he .................. to do his homework alone the next day. a) will b) is going c) had d) was going 4 He .................. me if I had won, I would have been happy. a) asked b) told c) wanted to know d) said 5 He has just said that he .................. to the cinema the following week. a) has gone b) has been c) would go d) will go

2 Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it correctly:

1. He said to me, “Good evening. Thank you for your great effort.” (wished) 2. He advised me not to smoke. (Don’t) 3. He wanted to know whether my brother had come back or not. (said) 4. Mona regretted watching that bad match. (Mona said……) 5. Alaa offered us some food. (said)

Test

Based on Unit 12

A Language Functions 1 Finish the following dialogue:

“A wife and a husband in the kitchen preparing a meal” Wife : I’ve got a lot to do to get dinner ready. Husband : ..................................(1)..................................? Wife : That would be thoughtful of you. Husband : Would you like me to ....................(2).................... at the shops? Wife : No, ..................................(3).................................. . Husband : ..................................(4).................................. salad. Wife : OK, that sounds nice.

2 Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1. The manager asks you how much holiday you have. 2. An interviewer asks you why you chose to be a doctor. 3. Amira said that she had bought a new dress. Report this to Ali. 4. The interviewer asks you what you like about your job.

UNIT 12

B Vocabulary and Structure 3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

The supermarket is full of .................. . It’s a busy day. a) guards b) assistants c) owners d) customers 2 Wahid said he .................. flown to Spain the week before. a) has b) had c) is d) was 3 I want to .................. my English as I want to be a tourist guide. a) improve b) prove c) see d) rescue 4 Michael said that his favourite drink .................. Nescafe. a) has been b) was c) was being d) are 5 A carpenter can cut wood neatly with a .................. . a) sow b) saw c) knife d) sword 6 Hams told her daughter that she .................. lunch then. a) cooked b) had cooked c) was cooking d) cooks 7 The firemen could .................. people inside the burning factory. a) hide b) kill c) rescue d) destroy 8 Yasser told me that he would join the university .................. . a) the following year b) the next year c) the previous year d) the year before 9 The driver was .................. injured in a car accident. a) badly b) bad c) worse d) worst 10 She .................. that she was very tired. a) told b) says c) tells d) said 11 My son is .................. a course in management. a) making b) doing c) playing d) saying 12 My teacher asked me .................. the ocean is deeper than the sea. a) weather b) where c) whether d) unless 1

4 Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1. He said, “I live in Cairo.” (He said that ………..) 2. He said to me, “I’ve written your phone number.” (He told me…….) 3. He said “Shall I make tea for you?” (He offered) 4. He said to her mother, “Did you tell my father about what happened?” ( asked) 89

UNIT 12

People at work

5 Find and correct the mistake in the following sentences:

When I saw the advertisement of the job, I replied to it. 2 The company sent me on a language coarse to improve my English. 3 The fight attendant enjoys staying in hotels in other countries. 4 He spent a week find out what other people do. 1

Reading

6 Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

A journalist is coming to our school on Thursday. He’s writing a story about our science club because it has done some projects about conserving energy and developing new energy sources. He’s arriving at ten o’clock. The headmistress will give him some tea in her office, then he’ll visit the science classes with Mr. Magdy, the head science teacher. In our science club, after we had gathered information from the internet, we made posters about conserving energy. We want to encourage others to conserve energy by using less electricity and using public transportation more. We also learned about the efforts of scientists and engineers to find new energy sources. We made small models of solar energy panels that generate electricity from sunlight, and windmills that generate electricity from the wind. These will be exhibited at other schools. Some of us drew ideas for new types of cars that will use less fuel. Many science club members want to become energy engineers. We hope this journalist’s story will encourage other students to find solutions to energy problems. A. Answer the following questions: 1. Why is the journalist going to visit the school? 2. What three things did the science club make? 3. The article mentions two ways to conserve energy. What are they? 4. In what way do you think science clubs in schools can be useful? B. Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d : 5. Who made the models? a) Mr. Magdy. b) All the students. c) The science club members. d) Engineers. 6. What does “generate electricity” mean? a) Make electricity. b) Save electricity. c) Waste electricity. d) Use electricity.

UNIT 12

7 Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:

1. What do bakers do? 2. What do you think the most important quality of a flight attendant? 3. What do flight attendants do? 4. Why do you think Leila will need to be able to translate from and into Arabic? 5. How do you think Leila uses the internet in her work? 6. What are the advantages of speaking to people in their own language?

The Novel (Gulliver’s Travels)

8 A) Answer the following questions:

1. In your opinion, what did Rose feel for Nancy? 2. Where was Mr. Monks waiting for Mr. and Mrs. Bumble ( Mrs. Corney )? 3. Why did Nancy want to go to meet Mrs Maylie after she had heard Fagin and Monks speaking? 4. Why was Rose surprised when she looked at Nancy? 5. Do you think that Mrs Bumble was happy to go to the slums? Why?

B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: “Let’s talk in another room.” 1. Who said this? To whom? 2. Where was this sentence said? 3. Why did the speaker want to talk in another room?

Writing

9 Write a paragraph of (90) words about only one (1) of the following: 1. The job you would like to have. 2. Public libraries and their role in the society.

F Translation 10 A) Translate into Arabic:

1. The international society should pay more attention to the poor countries. 2. If we waste our time, we will be sorry in the future as time can’t be regained.

B) Translate into English:

.‫ اإلنسان المتحضر هو الذى يتصرف بأدب مع والديه ومدرسيه وزمالئه‬91