Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer, Professor Spring 2022, Mon & Wed 1:30 – 6:00 pm

University of Hawai‘i at Manoa School of Architecture ARCH 743 Architecture Studio IV – Urban Design [6 cr]

Class Booklet

Waikīkī beach front (Photo: Diane Moore/UHCDC)

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī May 2022

2410 Campus Road Room 212 Honolulu, HI 96822 http://uhcdc.manoa.hawaii.edu http://www.arch.hawaii.edu

Course Instructor & UHCDC Principal Investigator: Judith Stilgenbauer, Professor Spring 2022 ARCH 743-002 and ARCH 743-302 Students: Doctor of Architecture Candidates - Chad Bolte, Kaylen Daquioag, Kayci Kumashiro, Matthew Lawson, Eric Teeples, Hunter Wells Master of Landscape Architecture Candidates - Angelina Gomes, Rosemary Guenther, Delphine Homerowski, Markus Rodriguez, Sahar Sadeghi, Emily Sobolewski Knight

Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ARCH 743 Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Course Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Project Site

........................................................... 9

Urban Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Team 1 Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Team 2 Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Team 3 Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Team 4 Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Team 5 Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Team 6 Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 2

Introduction Our spring 2022 University of Hawai‘i at Manoa School of Architecture graduate-level urban design studio investigated ideas for the near- and long-term re-introduction of nature-based blue-green infrastructure systems for climate and sea level rise adaptation into the fabric of the coastal primary urban center of Honolulu. Specifically, the class focused on a mauka to makai transect through Waikīkī, reaching from the northern bank of the Ala Wai Canal to the ocean—including the federal lands surrounding Fort DeRussy (below).

Six graduate student teams, comprised of Master of Landscape Architecture and Doctor of Architecture candidates, have developed forward-looking, speculative urban design frameworks and concepts for future mixed-use that embrace open-ended, indeterminant, and dynamic environmental conditions, such as coastal flooding, rather than preventing them—all while promoting ecologically performative and culturally-appropriate “soft” solutions and learning from traditional native Hawaiian biocultural land-water practices.

The conceptual, multidisciplinary student work developed in this design studio intends to stimulate discourse and contribute to a long-term vision for a resilient and adaptive Waikīkī that merges the seemingly conflicting goals of economic development, climate and sea level rise adaptation, ecological performance, social and environmental justice, and urban placemaking into mutually beneficial, sustainable relationships.

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Limit of work: urban design studio project site

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 3

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī Course Catalog Description Urban design focused on Asia-Pacific cities investigating ecological, hydrological, social, cultural, political, and technological factors; study of historical precedents, block and/or open space typology, circulation, infrastructure, and context response. ARCH and LAND majors only. A-F only. Prerequisites: 733 and 742, or 761.

Course Format ARCH 743 meets twice a week in School of Architeture Room 312 on Mondays and Wednesdays from 1:30 until 6:00 pm. Individual or group critiques, pin ups, student presentations, and individual work time comprise the majority of design studio sessions. Occasional lectures, guest presentations, field trips, in-class exercises, discussions, and readings supplement these course activities. Review of student work occurs throughout the semester. Each main studio phase concludes in a presentation, with a clear emphasis on the mid-term review and final review.

Goals and Objectives This graduate-level urban design studio, through initial research, precedent studies, a sequence of analytical and mapping exercises, and conceptual, speculative design phases, explores urban scales, systems, and the role of landscape as infrastructure and driver of resilient urban form across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. The course stresses the importance of site analysis and locale-appropriate ecological urban concepts and sustainable design strategies. Focused on nature-based solutions, the course explores how to apply climate- and seal level rise-adaptation design principles to ecologically and socially resilient urban-scale built environment interventions and mixed-use development in Hawai’i. The critical goal is to understand and apply contemporary concepts of ecological urbanism, adaptation to climate change and sea level rise (SLR), water-sensitive low-impact development (LID), large-scale nature-based blue-green infrastructure, local food Ignisresource am, inctur systems, autem ius. carbon Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuvsocial and environmental Ignis am, inctur autemcultural ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv urban and neutrality, energy efficiency, justice, appropriateness, decolonization, placemaking, livability, connectivity, walkability, and transit-oriented development (TOD).

UHCDC Studio Context In 2016, the School of Architecture launched a public interest-driven community design center that engages needs of the state in all areas related to the quality and performance of built environments. The mission of the University of Hawai‘i Community Design Center (UHCDC) is to extend and augment academic research and instruction through faculty-supervised design, planning, placemaking, visioning, and outreach services of measurable benefit to the public. As a hybrid program of education and teaching practice, UHCDC offers Hawai’i a platform for faculty, professionals, and students to collaborate on interdisciplinary research and design projects that serve the public interest. This ARCH 743 studio offers students an opportunity to explore concepts related to a potential future UHCDC design research project that would contribute to an effort towards the development of a Sea Level Adaptation & Resilience Plan for the Waikīkī District. Class participants’ creative work serves as a unique academic asset, stimulates discourse, and thus supports the ongoing state-led Waikīkī resilience goals. The research and creative work generated in ARCH 743 would precede a UHCDC project team’s potential subsequent efforts. In turn, students registered in the course will gain invaluable real-world public-interest design and service experience.

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 4

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

ARCH 743 Studio Studio Overview Following initial research, precedent studies, urban-design-scale analysis, mapping, and planning phases, this speculative urban design studio investigates the near- and long-term re-introduction of nature-based blue-green infrastructure for climate and sea level rise adaptation.

Pre-development, the project area (see page 3 above) was part of a drainage basin characterized by springs, streams (such as Pi’inaio Stream and its delta), and marsh land. Pre-Western contact, the ‘Ewa end of Waikīkī included the Hawaiian community of Kalia. It was characterized by numerous traditional fishponds (loko i’a), including the large Ka’ihkapu pond, and residences owned by native Hawaiian royalty.

In 1908 the U.S. military acquired, occupied, drained, and filled a large parcel of land for the subsequent construction of Fort DeRussy. The urban design inquiry project area includes the mauka and makai banks of the Ala Wai, the canal itself, the residential and commercial areas to the north and south of Kalakaua Ave, Waikīkī Gateway Park, and a variety of facilities located on a large plat of federal land, including the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, the US Post Office, Ainahau Triangle, the Kalia Road parking area, the various Hale Koa Hotel amenities (military personnel and dependents only), the U.S. Army Museum of Hawai’i, as well as Fort DeRussy park, boardwalk and beach, and the near-shore portion of the Pacific Ocean.

The class’s goal is to advocate for the anticipation of climate-crisis challenges in Waikīkī through blue-green infrastructure framework development and urban ecological design that embraces open-ended, dynamic conditions, such as coastal flooding, rather than preventing them—all while promoting nature-based, ecologically performative “soft” solutions and learning from traditional native Hawaiian biocultural land-water practices.

Comprised of graduate students in architecture and landscape architecture, the class will develop analyses, ideation, and overall long-term (6-ft SLR, anticipated ca. 2100 for the speculative purposes of this studio) visions and frameworks for sea level rise accommodation options in flood-prone areas of Waikīkī that decrease waterfront vulnerabilities by responding to inescapable shoreline changes, flooding, storm and groundwater inundation, as well as issues related to Honolulu’s aging conventional infrastructure. For the project area itself, student concepts will explore locale-appropriate, nature-based climate adaptation practices and opportunities for amphibious, blue-green infrastructure in both near-term (3-ft SLR, anticipated ca. 2050 for the purposes of this studio) and long-term (see above) visionary and bold illustrative urban design proposals. The essential drivers of urban form in these forward-looking visions will be multi-modal, non-automobile connectivity, multi-purpose coastal infrastructure systems, linked public hybrid open spaces, networks of ecological priority zones, and locale-specific, layered living shoreline systems as “soft” defense mechanisms against sea level rise and flooding, allowing for indeterminacy, increased biodiversity, improved ecosystem services, and, at the same time, education, decolonization, cultural restoration, and the creation of accessible urban waterfront amenities for all people.

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 5

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī Initial ARCH 743 Research Topics:

Precedent Project Studies:

1. State of Hawaii Office of Planning Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Plan and Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Plan Measurement Update

1. Chicago River Walk project, Chicago; Ross Barney Architects, Sasaki, et al., Chicago, Illinois

2. Summary of the State’s key climate goals and initiatives; difference between mitigation and adaptation; and State of Hawaii 2045 carbon-neutral goals and 2019 State Greenhouse Gas Inventory report

2. Detroit East Riverfront Framework Plan, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Michel Desvigne Paysagiste, Detroit, Michigan

3. City and County of Honolulu Climate Change Commission guidance documents “Climate Change Brief” (2021) and “Climate Change and Financial Risk” (2020) 4. City and County of Honolulu One Climate, One Oahu Climate Action Plan 2020-2025 5. Hawaii Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report (2017) and State of Hawaii, Climate Ready Hawaii, Act 178 Relating to Sea Level Rise Adaptation: 2021 Annual Report 6. State of Hawaii, Climate Ready Hawaii “Guidance for Addressing Sea Level Rise in Community Planning in Hawai’i” (2020) and “Guidance for Using the Sea Level Rise Exposure Area in Local Planning and Permitting Decisions” (2020) 7. City and County of Honolulu Climate Change Commission guidance document “Sea Level Rise Guidance” (2018) 8. Summary of State of Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program (CZM) & its general goals and The Hawai‘i Ocean Resources Management Plan (2020) 9. State of Hawaii, Climate Ready Hawaii Working Paper “NatureBased Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Hawaii” (2021) 10. City and County of Honolulu Climate Change Commission guidance document “One Water for Climate Resilience” (2020) 11. Climate Adaptation Design Principles for Urban Honolulu; City and County of Honolulu Department of Planning & Permitting, Office of Climate Change, Sustainability & Resiliency, SSFM International, and Arup (2020) 12. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) overview of concept, goals; and summary of TOD efforts and principles in Honolulu

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 6

3. Fayetteville 2030: Food City Scenario Plan, University of Arkansas Community Design Center, Fayetteville, North Carolina 4. Conway Urban Watershed Framework Plan (Sponge City), University of Arkansas Community Design Center, City of Conway, Arkansas 5. Gowanus Canal Sponge Park Masterplan and Gowanus Canal Sponge Park Pilot, Brooklyn, New York, dlandstudio 6. New Urban Ground, part of the MoMA 2009 Rising Currents exhibition, Architecture Research Office (ARO), dlandstudio, et al., New York, New York 7. Oyster-tecture, Brooklyn, New York, part of the MoMA 2009 Rising Currents exhibition and Living Breakwaters project, Rebuild by Design initiative, Staten Island, New York, Kate Orff, SCAPE, et al.

8. Big U, Rebuild by Design initiative, Manhattan, New York, Bjarke Ingels Group et al., and progress on implementation: LMCR and ESCR projects, current development 9.F.R.E.D. proposal, For a Resilient Rockaway competition, Leading Innovation in Resilient Waterfront Design Award, Ennead Lab / Ennead Architects 10. The South Bay Sponge, Resilient by Design, Bay Area, James Corner Field Operations 11. Coastal Resilience Solutions for East Boston and Charlestown (Climate Ready Charlestown), Stoss, Kleinfelder & ONE Architecture & Urbanism, et al., Boston, Massachusetts and Resilient Boston Harbor vision, SCAPE, et al., Boston, Massachusetts 12. Ala Wai Centennial project, After Oceanic, Sean Connelly, Honolulu, Hawaii

Course Structure Main studio schedule components: Phase 1: Initial Research (January 10 – January 19, 2022) What are urban design and landscape urbanism? Climate crisis, SLR, native Hawaiian land-water concepts. Readings, research, exercises, discussions, and presentations Phase 2: Precedent Studies (January 19 – January 26, 2022) Precedent research on urban climate-adaptation design, living shorelines/nature-based solutions, and carbon-neutral urban design; research, discussions, and presentations Phase 3: Site Mapping and Analysis (January 26 - February 14, 2022) Site visit and research, inventory, mapping, and analysis; ideation Phase 4: Urban Framework Concepts (February 14 - March 9, 2022: mid-term review).

Waikīkī and overall site concepts and programs; development over time; urban framework plans Phase 5: Urban Design for Focus Areas (March 14 - April 13, 2022) Detailed schematic urban design proposals for selected focus areas and disciplinary areas of expertise Phase 6: Presentation Material Development (April 18 – May 4, 2022: final review) Refinement of plans, concepts, and programs; preparation of digital presentations for final Phase 7: Documentation (May 4 – May 11, 2022) Compilation of digital portfolio/ class booklet pages

Pages 13 to 103 of this booklet feature selected excerpts of the six student teams’ final, specualtive urban design projects (phases 4 & 5).

For additional course and/or project information, please email the instructor, Professor Judith Stilgenbauer, at jstilg@hawaii.edu.

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 7

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī Hawaiian Land Division

Aquaculture and Agriculture Brackish water fish ponds (loko pu'unone) surrounded the Pi‘inaio. The ponds were surrounded by taro (kalo). Not only were the fishponds and land productive, the ocean resources also were a huge asset. Over the years, a number of other crops, fruits, and trees were introduced and pleased the royalty that lived there.

Common Fishpond Fish ʻamaʻama (mullet) awa (milkfish) Moi (Pacific Six Fingered Threadfin)

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Important Original Crops Kalo (taro) Uala (Sweet Potatoes) Niu (Coconut)

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“Of “Of all all the the scales scales of of land land division division in in ancient ancient Hawaii, Hawaii, the the moku moku unit unit is is the the scale scale most most closely closely aligned aligned with with archipelago-scale archipelago-scale ecoregions ecoregions that that encompass encompass population population dynamics dynamics of of key key biocultural biocultural resources–such resources–such as as fish, fish, birds birds (SOURCE: The The Moku Moku System) System) and and plants.” plants.” (SOURCE:

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Eels Shrimp Lobster Octopus Crab

Site analysis excerpt; image: Eric Teeples

Site analysis excerpt; image: Eric Teeples

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Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Add her image e... (s) Public Landowners

Urban Figure-ground Map

Site analysis excerpt; image: Kaylen Daquioag and Hunter Wells

Site analysis excerpt; image: Kaylen Daquioag and Hunter Wells

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 8

The Project Site The site and its context As mentioned above, the class focused on a mauka to makai transect through Waikīkī, reaching from the northern bank of the Ala Wai Canal to the ocean—including the federal lands surrounding Fort DeRussy. Pre-development, the studio project area (also see page 3 above) was part of a drainage basin characterized by springs, streams, such as Pi’inaio Stream, and swamp land. Pre-Western contact, the ‘Ewa end of Waikīkī was part of the Hawaiian community of Kalia. It was characterized by numerous traditional fishponds (loko i’a) surrounded and residences owned by native Hawaiian royalty. In 1908 the U.S. military acquired, occupied, drained, and filled a large parcel of land for the subsequent construction of Fort DeRussy.

The project area included the mauka and makai banks of the Ala Wai, part of the canal itself, the residential and commercial areas to the north and south of Kalakaua Ave, Waikīkī Gateway Park, and a variety of facilities located on a 72-acre plat of federal land (2066 Kalia Rd), including the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, the US Post Office, Ainahau Triangle, the Kalia Road parking area, the various Hale Koa Hotel amenities (military personnel and dependents only), the U.S. Army Museum of Hawai’i, as well as Fort DeRussy park, boardwalk and beach, and the near-shore portion of the Pacific Ocean.

THREE FEET OF SEA LEVEL RISE

SIX FEET OF SEA LEVEL RISE

O u r S i t e W i t h i n Wa i k ī k ī

O u r S i t e W i t h i n Wa i k ī k ī

E m i l y S o b o l e w s k i K n i g h t & E r i c Te e p l e s | A R C H 7 4 3 | P r o f . J u d i t h S t i l g e n b a u e r

3-ft SLR impact; image: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples

E m i l y S o b o l e w s k i K n i g h t & E r i c Te e p l e s | A R C H 7 4 3 | P r o f . J u d i t h S t i l g e n b a u e r

6-ft SLR impact; image: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 9

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī General project goals and land use parameters explored by students: Climate-crisis and SLR anticipation and preparedness Enhancing coastal resilience through adaptive, urban ecological design and nature-based solutions Adaptation strategies for existing urban infrastructure (transportation, sewer, water, energy facilities, etc.)

Large-scale coastal green infrastructure/ living shorelines and open space networks Water-sensitive low-impact development Ecosystem performance, water quality, habitat, biodiversity Adaptive multi-purpose infrastructural systems Carbon neutrality, clean energy Mixed use development, including affordable housing Waterfront amenities, public access Recreational and water-based activities Pedestrian, transit, water, and bicycle connectivity; walkability Alternate, clean forms of transportation connecting to rail and TOD Urban placemaking, livability Productive landscape elements; urban agriculture; resource management Modern interpretations of traditional Hawaiian bio-cultural land-water practices and applications Cultural sensitivity and history of place; decolonization Green jobs and eco tourism Beaches of the future Public works initiatives Environmental and social equity and justice; jobs; social services Etc. Flooding and inundation vulnerabilities of coastal area that students were asked to consider: Saltwater inundation (SLR, increased wave overtopping, hurricane/ storm surges, tsunami) Salt intrusion/potable water contamination (freshwater changes/water table rise, effect on low-lying agriculture and aquatic ecosystems) Erosion of shorelines and beaches Ground water inundation resulting from SLR Habitat shifts (coral reefs, wetlands, etc.)

Ecological impacts Stormwater management (storm sewers), increased flooding in low-lying areas, drainage problems, streets becoming impassable, etc.

Release and leaching of pollutants at contaminated sites, landfills, etc.

Sewers, cesspools, storm sewers, energy facilities, transportation systems, and other critical urban infrastructure Existing building stock and critical building systems Public access to shoreline and non-automobile connectivity Vulnerable populations, public health impacts Etc.

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 10

Urban Design Parameters and Shared Assumptions Near-term, 2050 assumptions (for the speculative purposes of this studio): • 3-ft sea level rise (SLR) plus other coastal hazards (groundwater inundation, hurricane/storm surge, flooding, tsunami, etc.); increased ocean temperatures. Other anticipated climate-crisis effects. How does the project site adapt in innovative and resilient ways?

• Proposed programs and uses will produce net-zero emissions and be carbon neutral.

• No more individual, fossil-fuel/combustion engine vehicles permitted in Waikīki; shared, autonomous electric vehicles only, future electric public transit, water-based transportation, connections to rail; multi-use paths, walkability and bikes; public waterfront access.

• The project site and its surrounding Waikīki neighborhoods, land, and water bodies begin to adapt and perform ecologically, provide ecosystem services (water, soil, air, etc.), and promote habitat, biodiversity, and productive and cultural practices.

• Residents begin to live, work, recreate at or near the site.

Long-term, 2100 assumptions (for the speculative purposes of this studio): • 6-ft sea level rise (SLR) plus other, more severe and frequent coastal hazards (groundwater inundation, hurricane/ storm surge, flooding, etc.); increased ocean temperatures; other anticipated climate-crisis effects. How does the proposed mixed-use model neighborhood function in innovative and resilient ways?

• Honolulu, Waikīki, and the proposed resilient mixed-use neighborhood will be climate-positive and, where possible, comprised of decentralized, self-sufficient off-grid systems (energy, water, sewage, waste, food, etc.).

• No individual automobiles are allowed in Waikīkī, only shared, autonomous renewable/electric vehicles, future electric public transit, water-based transportation, etc.; consider connections to rail and mauka neighborhoods; multi-use paths, walkability and bikes; public waterfront access.

• The proposed neighborhood’s open spaces, shorelines, and water systems perform ecologically, provide ecosystem services (water, soil, air, etc.), and promote habitat, biodiversity, food security, and cultural practices.

• Social equity; jobs; social services; the majority residents live, work, recreate within walking distance.

Basic design strategies for SLR and coastal flooding to explore and combine in urban design proposals: LINEAR BARRIERS Hard, engineered infrastructure systems that armor and stabilize the shoreline; examples: impermeable structures, levees, dikes, seawalls, riprap, dams, flood gates, storm surge barriers, etc.

LIVING SHORELINES Soft, nature-based green infrastructure solutions; examples: wetlands, tidal marshes, other living coastal buffers that rely on ecosystem services and increase the distance between water and development, retain/absorb inundation, attenuate waves, slow erosion, provide habitat.

ADAPTATION Elevated development; examples: raising the height of land, infrastructure, and built structures, using fill or pilings Floodable development; examples: structures/landscapes designed to withstand occasional inundation; elevated critical infrastructure Floating development; examples: floating buildings and infrastructure; elements are designed with fluctuating water levels in mind MANAGED RETREAT Withdrawal of development from the shoreline over time through managed abandonment of areas subject to frequent inundation; examples: structures designed for disassembly; conversion of abandoned areas into floodable, living shoreline elements, etc.

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 11

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 12

Team 1 Proposal Excerpts

Student Team:

Delphine Homerowski, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate Matthew Lawson, Doctor of Architecture Candidate Project Title:

Connecting Urbanism and Ecology

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 13

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Context response Significant wetland ecosystems can be found around the island of Oahu, and around the Hawaiian Islands chain. Prior to the construction of the Ala Wai Canal in the 1920s, Waikiki and the south shore of Oahu accounted for one of those thriving marsh and wetland ecosytems. This project proposes to use the foundation of this historical precedent and re-create a contemporary interpretation of the area’s original ecosystem.

Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 14

Connecting Urbanism and Ecology

The overall vision is to connect the built environment and ecology to create a form of self-sustaining urbanism.

This vision is based on three primary principles: • Sustainable built environment • Human scale urbanism • Ecological services

Five primary design goals guide the project. Floodability to embrace water dynamics, integration of ecosystem services for performance, vertical design to reduce the urban footprint, water-sensitive development for hazard mitigation, and reuse of materials and resources for a zero waste approach.

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 15

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Proposed design concept One primary element of the overall urban design is the marshland and sponge park, designed primarily to act as buffer against rising sea levels and to absorb possible flooding and storm surges, but also to serve as a recreational zone for residents and visitors. The mixed-use residential area would create a variety of public and semipublic spaces for residents to enjoy, supported by water-sentitive development solutions such as bioswales and living machines to address water collection and water treatment needs on site. Existing uses such as the resort area would be maintained, adapted, and made public.

Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 16

Connecting Urbanism and Ecology

Cut and fill analysis of the proposed design

Proposed hydrological systems

New circulation pathways and access

Proposed zoning

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 17

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Phase I This phase would be implemented in the short-term to prepare for 1-2 feet of sea-level rise

Phase II This near-term phase would prepare the area for 3 feet of sea-level rise

Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 18

Connecting Urbanism and Ecology

Phase III This final, long-term phase allows for 6 feet of sea-level rise

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 19

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Site diagram indicating units per acre and average Floor Area Ratios for each of the four clusters on site

Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 20

Connecting Urbanism and Ecology

Perspective rendering looking down over the mixed-use cluster focusing on “naturalization” and pedestrian and bicycle circulation (mauka and closest to the marsh)

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 21

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Isometric diagram depicting the mixed-use cluster and various ways buildings can be sustainably outfitted; each building can perform some or all of these functions

Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 22

Connecting Urbanism and Ecology

Single-loading buildings facilitates passive cooling for all residents while still allowing the comfort and familiarity of a lanai

Hydroponic systems in each building create responsible and productive water usage while fostering community

Photovoltaics can produce energy year-round, reducing reliance on fossil fuels

Rooftop gardens can contribute both to community and ecological sustainability

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 23

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Birds-eye view of the proposed design

Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 24

Connecting Urbanism and Ecology

Birds-eye view of the proposed design highlighting ecosystem services.

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 25

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Detailed isometric view of the northern part of the urban sponge park (top). Section view of the park and urban sponge edge (bottom).

Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 26

Connecting Urbanism and Ecology

Detailed isometric view of the southern part of the urban sponge park (top). Section view of the larger habitat island (bottom).

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 27

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 28

Team 2 Proposal Excerpts

Student Team:

Hunter Wells, Doctor of Architecture Candidate Markus A. Rodriguez, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate Project Title:

Urban Ecological Network

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 29

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

URBAN ECOLOGICAL NETWORK Goal: ;EMO˝O˝ JMRHW MXWIPJ MR YRMUYI PSGEXMSR SJJ XLI WLSVI SJ 3ƄELY ;MXL GPMQEXI GLERKI GEYWMRK WIE PIZIP VEMWI ERH SXLIV GPMQEXI VIPEXIH LE^EVHW XLI MQQMRIRX VI HIWMKR SJ *SVX (I6YWW] MW [EVVERXIH 8LMW TVSNIGX TVSTSWEP MW FEWIH SR KYMHMRK TVMRGMTPIW 'SRRIGXMZMX] )GSPSKMGEP 6IWXSVEXMSR ,YQER 7GEPI -RXIVGSRRIGXIH (IRWMX] ;EXIV 1EREKIQIRX 8LMW HIWMKR EMQW XS GVIEXI ER 9VFER )GSPSKMGEP 2IX[SVO XLEX FVMHKIW IGSPSK] ERH XLI YVFER W]WXIQW [MXL VIWTIGX XS XLI GYPXYVEP ERH LMWXSVMG YRHIVTMRRMRKW SJ ,E[EMMER Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv GYPXYVI

Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 30

Urban Ecological Network

1) Connectivity

2) Ecological Restoration

4) Interconnected Density

3) Human Scale

5) W ater Management

Top: Guiding principles | bottom: concept design preview

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 31

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Site context program overview (island scale)

Existing sanitary and storm sewer conduit map

Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 32

Urban Ecological Network

Existing land-use overview

Density

Vehicles

Water

Existing urban issues

Existing Urban Issues

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 33

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

3’ SLR Map

6’ SLR Map

Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 34

Urban Ecological Network

Phase 1 with 3’ SLR

Phase 2 with 6’ SLR

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 35

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Network Focus AreaPlan Plan UrbanUrban Network Focus Area

Residential + Mixeduse Current Density 1,800 people 64 DU/acre Proposed Density 4,000 people 200 DU/acre

Semi-Private Green Space Shared backyards for apartment residents Roughly 11 acres

Walkable CIrculation Water Taxi Main Boulevard Connecting Avenues Leisure Boardwalk

Program Summary Axon Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 36

Program Summary Axon

Urban Ecological Network

Residential Isometric Residential Longitudinal Section

Residential Perpendicular Section

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 37

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī Residential Isometric

Residential Longitudinal Section Mixed-Use Residential Section

Water Taxi + Bridge Section

Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 38

Residential Perpendicular Section

Urban Ecological Network

Mixed-Use Isometric Mixed-Use Isometric

Mixed-Use Residential Section

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 39

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Planting palette

Planting palette and fauna

Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 40

Urban Ecological Network

Landscape architectural focus

Isometric & section locations

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 41

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī SCALE : 1” = 25’ 0”

0’

25’

Isometric

1

Section Focus Area ƅ

0

ƅ

N

6’ 3’ 0’ High Salt Tolerance Planting Zone

Public Pavillion Area

6’ SLR | Stormwater Mitigation Swale

Makaloa and Pili are grown on site and later used to thatch

2

Public Pavillion Area

6’ 3’ 0’ Pavilions available for pau hauna

6’ 3’ 0’

Zone 2 plants grown inland because of lower salt tolerance

3

ADA acessible pathways

Public parks for recreational use

Pavilions available for pau hauna

Zone 2 plants grown inland because of lower salt tolerance

6’ 3’ 0’ Spreading of ersion control plants, ensures a better coast

SCALE : 1” = 75’ 0”

0’

1

Large pavilion sprawl for those who dont own tents or cant cary them

Spreading of ersion control plants, ensures a better coast

Kayaking through site

Erosion Control plants for a soft edge

Large pavilion sprawl for those who dont own tents or cant cary them

2

3

75’

Long cross section

Isometric Section Focus Area 0

Learning Space

Isometric

Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 42

ƅ

ƅ

N

Kayaking through site

Urban Ecological Network

Isometric

Isometric Section Focus Area 0

ƅ

ƅ

N

Pavilion Hub

Isometric

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 43

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

ower salt tolerance

ADA acessible pathways

Birds-eye view render

Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 44

Urban Ecological Network

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 45

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 46

Team 3 Proposal Excerpts

Student Team:

Emily Sobolewski Knight, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate Eric Teeples, Doctor of Architecture Candidate Project Title:

Redefining Productive

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 47

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

REDEFINING PRODUCTIVE A Closed-loop Climate-positive Community in Waikīkī Calling upon the historic productivity of Kalia in a revitalized way, redefining productive means focusing on water collection, filtration, and desalination, onsite clean energy, food growth and distribution, new forms of transporation, waste management, and a holistic approach to ecology.

Historic fish ponds, streams and springs Historic agricultural land

Map of Waikīkī’s historic productive fish ponds and ag land

Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 48

Redefining Productive

WATER

Tapping into water resources from the sky, the watershed, and pumped hydro reverse osmosis systems, an emphasis is placed on water reuse and utilizing saltwater as a resource.

ENERGY

Using the sun as the source of energy, the buildings incorporate pumped hydro systems for the generation of green energy at night when no sun is available.

FOOD

Edible trees, ag land plots, vertical hydroponics, and fishponds contribute to the food needs of the community, while still integrating spaces for recreation.

ECOLOGY

The reintegration of native ecosystems through the planting of trees, incorporation of wetlands, and living shorelines help tie the site together.

Above: Guiding principles for design; Below: Conceptual closed-loop communities in Waikīkī

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 49

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī Sun as the input

Collect Energy

t Energ

Collec

Reverse Osmosis Desalination

y

Pump and Filter

Quality controlled saltwater to ocean

Water and energy system diagram

Rain as the input

Foo d

Fo o

d

Reverse Osmosis Desalination

to

Co

m

m

to C

om

mu

nity

un

ity

Blackwater Greywater

Filtered water

Nutrient rich water

Water and food system diagram

Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 50

Redefining Productive

Proposed contour plan for the site

Cut and fill plan for the site

Prim

ary

ar

im

Pr y Primary

Ag Land, Recreation, and Parks

Primary

Low-rise Residential High-rise Residential and Resort Municipal Waters

Primary

Civic Building Commercial spaces

Proposed new zoning for the site

Proposed modes of circulation for the site

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 51

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī New circulation way through residential

Living shoreline implemented along Ala Wai

Edible forests planted

Wetlands Public water transit system added to multimodal options for pedestrians Saltwater Fishponds

Inlet bay ecosystem created

Battery Randolph converted to market

Near-term phase of site adaptations

Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 52

Redefining Productive

Vertical hydroponics and grocery Orchard-park Blackwater treatment Freshwater fishponds

Wetlands

Bridge across Ala Wai

Public resort Mixed-use residential

Saltwater fishpond

Civic building with traversable green roof

Ag land

Recreation waterfront Long-term phase of site adaptations

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 53

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Trade Winds

Sun and wind patterns shaped the building orientation of the productive mixed-use residential and vertical farms

Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 54

Redefining Productive

View looking from the shaded commercial space under residential toward the programmed lawn space and pedestrian circulation routes

View from 3rd floor residential roof garden looking toward programmed lawn, productive coconut grove, and vertical farm

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 55

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī Variable unit size options

Central building spine for utilities and systems

Space between units allows ventilation and airflow in every unit

Recreational lawn

Grocery/Food Distribution

Vertical hydroponics

Productive vegetation

Isometric transect across the proposed residential, vertical farm and new canal and rendering looking toward vertical farm

Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 56

Redefining Productive

Sun and water collection on roofs and facades Public transportation boat dock Elevated multimodal way

Living shoreline Multi-use space below

Isometric transect showing proposed water’s edge and boat launch on the Ala Wai and rendering looking at boat launch, living shoreline and residential

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 57

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Isometric transect and section of the proposed agricultural design of the site

Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 58

Redefining Productive

Isometric transect and section of the proposed orchard park design of the site

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 59

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Isometric transect and section of the proposed coastal design of the site

Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 60

Redefining Productive

Edible orchard

Water treatment

Agricultural fields Freshwater fishpond

Wetland park

Terraced waterfront

Site overview aerial view with callouts for open space programming

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 61

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 62

Team 4 Proposal Excerpts

Student Team:

Kayci Kumashiro, Doctor of Architecture Candidate Angelina Gomes, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate Project Title:

Project Urban Waikīkī + Waterways

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 63

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Overview of the proposed long-term urban design

Student team: Kayci Kumashiro & Angelina Gomes

Judith Stilgenbauer oundInstructor: Map 64

Project Urban Waikīkī + Waterways

3-ft sea level rise plan 0’

500’

1, 000’

SCALE 1” = 1,000’

Proposed near-term, 3-ft SLR scenario

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 65

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

6-ft sea level rise plan 0’

500’

1, 000’

SCALE 1” = 1,000’

Proposed long-term, 6-ft SLR scenario

Student team: Kayci Kumashiro & Angelina Gomes Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 66

Project Urban Waikīkī + Waterways

Storefront and public walkway area with view of the canal with water taxi stop

View of main water taxi stop

View of water catchment and solar covers

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 67

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

WETLAND BIRDS

COMMON BIRDS

‘O‘opunaniha

WETLAND BIRDS

COMMON BIRDS COMMON BIRDS

WHITE FAIRY TERN

‘O‘opu akupa

‘Ama‘ama

WHITE FAIRY TERN

WETLAND BIRDS

Hawaiian flagtail

WHITE FAIR

Great barracuda The proposed fishpond is located in the lower part of the agriculture area and surrounded by wetland edges that filter the water Koloa

WETLAND BIRDS

COMMON BIRDS

WHITE FAIRY TERN

‘Alae ‘Ula

Hawaiian Flagtail

Hawaiian Stilt

WETLAND BIRDS

COMMON BIRDS

‘O’opunaniha Manu-o-Kū

Mallard duck

SPRING 2022_Prof. Judith Stilgenbauer_ARCH 743_Kumashiro_Gomes The lower half of the area is comprised of agriculture and wetland

Diagram showcasing the flow of water through the site

Student team: Kayci Kumashiro & Angelina Gomes Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 68

26

Project Urban Waikīkī + Waterways

Ha u

st

en

Di

tc

h

DRAWING LABEL

Al a

W ai

Ca

na

l

BRIDGE FUNCTION

A total of 8 proposed bridges throughout the site include water catchment and solar covers 0’

8’

16’

24’

SCALE 1” = 8’

SPRING 2022_Prof. Judith Stilgenbauer_ARCH 743_Kumashiro_Gomes

BRIDGE FUNCTION 0’

15’

30’

45’

SCALE 1” = 15’

Diagram illustrating water catchment

SPRING 2022_Prof. Judith Stilgenbauer_ARCH 743_Kumashiro_Gomes

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 69

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī Mixed-use buildings Residential Commercial

Mixed-use buildings Residential Commercial Multi-function bridge

Direct water access

Waterfront plaza Primary circulation & promenade

TYPICAL ISOMETRIC 0’

150’

300’

Secondary circulation

Water taxi stop

Water taxi stop

450’

SCALE 1” = 150’

Isometric transect of area surrounding main water taxi stop

CIRCULATION

SPRING 2022_Prof. Judith Stilgenbauer_ARCH 743_Kumashiro_Gomes

SPRING 2022_Prof. Judith Stilgenbauer_ARC

PLAZA WATER S 0’

12’

SCALE 1” = 12’

Section cut through the main water taxi stop

Student team: Kayci Kumashiro & Angelina Gomes Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 70

24’

36’

Project Urban Waikīkī + Waterways

View of main water taxi stop

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 71

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 72

Team 5 Proposal Excerpts

Student Team:

Rosemary Guenther, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate Chad Bolte, Doctor of Architecture Candidate Project Title:

The Organ of Waikīkī

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 73

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

ROSEMARY GUENTHER

Design framework: water features

ROSEMARY GUENTHER

Design framework: proposed mixed useWells

ROSEMARY GUENTHER

Design framework: primary circulation

ROSEMARY GUENTHER

Design framework: proposed recreational spaceser sWells

Student team: Rosemary Guenther and Chad Bolte Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 74

The Organ of Waikīkī

Overall long-term 6-ft SLR plan

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 75

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

The three guilding principles of this project dictate design strategy priorities

Section through riparian park at 6-ft SLR showing the gradient of programming

Student team: Rosemary Guenther and Chad Bolte Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 76

The Organ of Waikīkī

Riparian park at 6-ft SLR allowing the natural stream processes of erosion and accretion to occur

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 77

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Spaces of connection between people and the treatment of water

Student team: Rosemary Guenther and Chad Bolte Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 78

The Organ of Waikīkī

Section of a typical shared green street

Section detail of the floodable arts & cultural plaza

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 79

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

ROSEMARY GUENTHER // CHAD BOLTE

Proposed long-term aquaculture and commercial spaces north of the Ala Wai Canal

Student team: Rosemary Guenther and Chad Bolte Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 80

The Organ of Waikīkī

Section B - B

ROSEMARY GUENTHER // CHAD BOLTE

Section A - A

ROSEMARY GUENTHER // CHAD BOLTE

ROSEMARY GUENTHER // CHAD BOLTE

Aquaculture components sWells

Boardwalks mauka of the Ala Waier sWells ROSEMARY GUENTHER // CHAD BOLTE

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 81

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Ignis am, inctur autem ius. Hentionseque con pore dolorep elecerferuv

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 82

Team 6 Proposal Excerpts

Student Team:

Kaylen Daquioag, Doctor of Architecture Candidate Sahar Sadeghi, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate Project Title:

Living Waikīkī

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 83

Rice fields

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī Pi‛inaio

Rice fields Pi‛inaio Paweo Rice fields

Rice fields Paweo Ka‛ihikapu

‛Apuakehau

Rice fields

Ka‛ihikapu

Streams Fishponds

‛Apuakehau

Agriculture Lands Streams Site Boundary Fishponds 0

1,000’ Agriculture Lands

Kuekaunahi 2,000’ Ala Moana

N

Historic agricultural lands, streams, and fishponds Regional Park Site Boundary

0

1,000’

Co Ala m W m Pa un ai rk ity

2,000’ N Ala Moana Regional Park

Kuekaunahi

Co Ala m W m Pa un ai rk ity

Fort DeRussy Military Reservation

Ala Wai Golf Course Fort DeRussy Military Reservation

Ala Wai Golf Course

Coastline Greenspace Site Boundary Coastline 0

1,000’ Greenspace

2,000’

N

Existing conditions of Waikīkī Site Boundary

Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi

Honolulu Zoo

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 1,000’ 2,000’ 0 N

84

Honolulu Zoo

Living Waikīkī

Ala Moana Regional Park

Ala Moana Regional Park

Ala Moana Regional Park

Co Ala m W m Pa un ai rk ity

Fort DeRussy Military Reservation

Co Ala m W m Pa un ai rk ity

Co Ala m W m Pa un ai rk ity

Fort DeRussy Military Reservation

Fort DeRussy Military Reservation

Ala Wai Golf Course

0

Ala Moana Regional Park

Ala Wai Golf Course

3’ SLR

6’ SLR

6’ SLR

Site Boundary

Site Boundary

Site Boundary

Site Boundary

1,000’

2,000’ 0

N

1,000’

2,000’

N

0

Fort DeRussy Military Reservation

Ala Wai Golf Course

3’ SLR

FUTURE CONDITIONS FUTURE 3’SLRCONDITIONS 3’SLR

Co Ala m W m Pa un ai rk ity

1,000’

2,000’ 0

N

1,000’

2,000’

N

FUTURE CONDITIONS HonoluluFUTURE Zoo 6’SLRCONDITIONS 6’SLR

Honolulu Zoo

3’ sea level rise exposure area

Honolulu Zoo

6’ sea level rise exposure area

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE + ECOLOGY

CULTIVATING FOOD

STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY

GREEN TRANSPORTATION

implementing performative landscapes to help filter and dissipate stormwater and inundation effects.

providing agricultural plots and fields for food production opportunitites.

providing communal living, and common spaces for interaction between generations.

implementing public and multimodal transportation options.

Such as...

Such as...

Such as...

Such as...

• • •

• Agriculture plots • Lo`i fields • Orchards...

• Community housing • Public spaces • Job opportunities...

• • •

Green belt Living shorlines Wetlands...

Electric tram Bicycle Pedestrian paths...

Guiding principles developed based on past, current, and future conditions

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 GUIDING PRINCIPLES

Ala W

85

Ho

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Naturalize Ala Wai Canal edge

Create orchards

Introduce stream through site

Keep some residential buildings

Start agriculture plots

Implement kalo for filtration

Site Boundary

500’

0

1,000’

N

WAIKIKI 2050 3’ SLR ADAPTATIONS Proposed overall 3’ sea level rise adaptation plan

4’6” fill

3’ fill

4’ fill

10’ cut

3’ fill

12’ cut

4’ fill

3’ fill 3’ fill

Cut

Greenspace

Fill

Wetland

Site Boundary

Site Boundary

0

500’

1,000’

N

0

Crops / Orchard

500’

Site Boundary

1,000’

N

0

500’

1,000’

N

3’ CUT AND FILL

3’ sea level rise cut and fill plan

Proposed ecology interventions

Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 86

Proposed agricultural plots

Living Waikīkī Established orchards

Tram stations

Linear park Brackish wetlands

Multi-generational housing

Established agricultural plots Established treebelt

Retrofitted museum

Site Boundary

500’

0

1,000’

N

WAIKIKI 2100 6’ SLR ADAPTATIONS Proposed overall 6’ sea level rise adaptation plan

5’ fill

5’ fill

5’ fill

Medium Density Residential Urban Mixed Use - Medium Urban Mixed Use - High Commercial Office

3’ fill

0

Demolished

Public

Transporter

Cut

Public Park

Future Tram

Fill

Productive Land

Stations

Site Boundary

Wetland

500’

1,000’

N

0

Pedestrian/Bike

500’

1,000’

N

0

500’

1,000’

N

6’ CUT AND FILL

6’ cut and fill plan

Proposed land uses

Proposed circulation

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 87

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

A

A

Site Boundary

0

500’

1,000’

N

PROPOSED LANDSCAPE DESIGN Landscape design proposal with section cut marked

Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 88

Living Waikīkī

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

SC: 1”= 128’ FT

Section A key: a perpendecular section through the site, including lo’i kalo, proposed canal, agricultural fields, engineered wetland, and tree belt

SECTION A

SC: 1”= 16’ FT

Coccoloba uvifera Seagrape

Colocasia esculenta Pandanus odoratissimus Kalo Hala tree

Spartina alterniflora Cordgrass

Vallisneria americana Tape grass

Salvinia molesta Giant Salviana

Section 1: lo’i kal and its relationship to the canal edge and varying sea levels in the canal SECTION 1: LO`I FIELD + CANAL

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 89

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

SC: 1”= 128’ FT

Section A key: a perpendecular section through the site, including lo’i kalo, proposed canal, agricultural fields, engineered wetland, and tree belt

SECTION A

SC: 1”= 16’ FT

Vallisneria americana Tape grass

Salvinia molesta Spartina alterniflora Cordgrass Giant Salviana

Coccoloba uvifera Seagrape

Solanum tuberosum Potato

Section 2: proposed canal, elevatedPLOTS walkway, and part of the agricultural fields SECTION 2: AGRICULTURAL

Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 90

Daucus carota Carrot

Living Waikīkī

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

SC: 1”= 128’ FT

Section A key: a perpendecular section through the site, including lo’i kalo, proposed canal, agricultural fields, engineered wetland, and tree belt Rain water collector

SECTION A

SC: 1”= 16’ FT

Typha Domingensis Southern cottail

Stuckenia pectinata Pondweed

Salvinia molesta Giant Salviana

Typha Domingensis Southern cottail

Thespesia populnea Milo tree

Partocarpus altilis Breadfruit,`Ulu

Section 3: engineered wetland, two small ecological patches in the wetland, and the tree belt SECTION 3: ENGINEERED WETLAND

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 91

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

ENGINEERED WETLAND

Gray water filteration Bio filteration plants

Seawater 60% + 40% fresh water to irrigate Saving energy and Fresh water

Engineered Wetland

GREEN BELT Green belt Brackish water Wetlans

Brackish water Wetlans

LIVING SHORELINES

living shorelines Carbon dioxide sequestration Erotion control

Filtering the canal water Breaking the king tides

CLIMATE CHANGE RESPONSES Strategies in response to climate change and energy conservation

Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 92

Living Waikīkī

SALT TOLERANT TREE LIST

Cocos nucifera Coconut tree

Phoenix dactylifera Date palm

Mangifera indica Mango tree

Aleurites moluccana Kukui cultural use

Halophila hawaiiana Hawaii seagrass

cultural use

Pandanus odoratissimus Hala tree erosion control

Thespesia populnea Milo tree cultural use, saltwater

Coccoloba uvifera Seagrape hedge & windbreak

FRESH WATER WETLAND SPECIES

BRACKISH WATER WETLAND SPECIES

Vallisneria americana Tape grass

Partocarpus altilis Breadfruit, `Ulu

Spartina alterniflora Cordgrass

Stuckenia pectinata Pondweed

Salvinia molesta Giant Salviana

Typha Domingensis Southern cottail

Eleocharis palustris Creeping spike rush

Proposed salt tolerant trees and wetland species, which are all productive

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 93

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

AGRICULTURE PLOTS + TREE BELT Perspective 1: agricultural park, tree belt, and engineered wetland

Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 94

Living Waikīkī

ORCHARD PERSPECTIVE Perspective 2: orchard, relationship with park users, and the Ala Wai Canal

ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 95

Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

B

B

Site Boundary

0

500’

1,000’

N

INDIVIDUALBUILT PROPOSED FOCUS ENVIRONMENT AREAS Built urban environment design proposal with section cut marked

Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 96

Living Waikīkī

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

SC: 1”= 128’ FT

Section B key: perpendecular section through the site showing residential apartments, commercial plaza, and linear park

SC: 1”= 16’ FT

rooftop patio

playground

residential courtyard

single loaded corridors

Section 1: residential housing, courtyard and communal spaces within

SECTION 1 : RESIDENTIAL

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Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

SC: 1”= 128’ FT

Section B key: perpendecular section through the site showing residential apartments, commercial plaza, and linear park

SC: 1”= 16’ FT

rooftop cafe

commercial front

elevated open plaza space

Section 2: commercial plaza with storefront access, open plaza space, and public transportation

Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi Instructor: Stilgenbauer SECTIONJudith 2: COMMERCIAL PLAZA 98

people mover

Living Waikīkī

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

SC: 1”= 128’ FT

Section B key: perpendecular section through the site showing residential apartments, commercial plaza, and linear park

6’ slr 3’ slr

SC: 1”= 16’ FT

`ulu grove +community garden

basketball court

bleachers to watch games + canoe races

linear park/ boardwalk

Section 3: community garden, recreation spaces, and linear park along Ala Wai Canal’s edge

SECTION 3: LINEAR PARK + ALA WAI CANAL

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Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

Piping elevated and attached to tram infrastructure

Wastewater treatment tanks

Solar powered stations for green transportation

Pervious paving for drainage

Rainwater storage tanks

Residential solar panels

Rooftop space used to generate solar energy for buildings and public transport

SOLAR ENERGY

Total Area (Acres): 1/3 = Comm. + Public 2/3 = Residential

Water collection with storage tanks and wastewater filtration below tram lines

WATER COLLECTION + FILTRATION

27 9 18

Existing Units/Acre: 64 Proposed Units/Acre: 80 Unit

Count

Studios

288

1-Bedroom

576

2-Bedroom

432

3-Bedroom

144

Total Units Total Pop.

1,440 2,268

Three-bedroom units Studios Two-bedroom units One-bedroom units

Proposed medium denisty with a mixed unit typology for multigenerational communities

PROPOSED DENSITY Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi

Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 100

Living Waikīkī

Linear park along canal edge for recreation

Open plaza space for events, farmers market Community garden

PROPOSED GREEN + PUBLIC SPACE Pockets of greenspaces to enhance recreational uses and ecological performance

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Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

PLAZA PERSPECTIVE Perspective 1: commercial plaza, people mover, and flexible open space

Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 102

Living Waikīkī

PLAZA PERSPECTIVE RESIDENTIAL PERSPECTIVE Perspective 2: residential housing courtyard to enhance communication between generations

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Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī

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Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer 104

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