6 Lines of action for the 15 minutes city - Sesto Marelli

Neighborhood plans for the 15-MIN CITY

6° x 15

6 Lines of action for the 15 minutes city

Group 10

Anna Fantini I Nikta Morandi I Nileena Sasikumar I Raha Hejazi I Stefano Capitaneo Master Degree in Urban Planning and Policy Design

Urban Policies Design Studio 2020-2021 Prof. Antonella Bruzzese, Prof. Alessandro Coppola Tutors: Valentina Brambilla, Lorenzo De Vidovich, Antonio Jose Salvador

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Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................... 03 PART 1: General Overview 1.1. Site context and Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 07 PART 2: Summary of Findings 2.1. SWOT ............................................................................................................................................................. 30 2.2. Pathway to achieving the 15 min city ................................................................................................... 32 2.3. Issues Identified & strategic ideas ........................................................................................................... 33 PART 3: Spatial Strategies 3.1 The concept .................................................................................................................................................... 45 3.2 Potential areas to implement strategies................................................................................................. 46 3.3 Issue 1: Quality of Urban Spaces .............................................................................................................. 48 3.4 Issue 2: Dense mono-functional residential area ................................................................................ 56 3.5 Issue 3: Lack of Job related infrastructure ........................................................................................... 66 3.6 Combined Spatial strategy ........................................................................................................................ 74 3.7 Special focus: Pilot project ......................................................................................................................... 82 PART 4: Feasibility of the Strategies 4.1 Actors Analysis .............................................................................................................................................. 85 4.2 Execution Timeline ..................................................................................................................................... 86 4.3 Social Feasibility .......................................................................................................................................... 88 4.4 Economic Feasibility ................................................................................................................................... 91 Appendix .............................................................................................................................................................................. 95 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................................................ 98

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15 minute city

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Introduction 15 minute city refers to a neighbourhood where one has convenient and safe access to all the necessary services and goods, required for their daily life, within a 15 minute walkable distance.

The whole idea revolves around the concept of ‘living locally’. The services and facilities includes a variety of housing options, with a range of rents affordable to all the communities, grocery stores and other commercial services, quality public educational centers and schools, universally accessible public open spaces and recreational facilities, affordable active public transportation options and safe cycling paths, civic amenities and local health facilities.

Another important factor is that the services should meet the needs of people of all age groups and abilities.

From the experiences of the year 2020, the necessity of establishing a self resilient and self reliant city has spiked and this led to the idea of introducing 15 Min city concept into different neighbourhoods in and around the world.

This study tries to introduce this concept into the neighbourhood of Isola del Bosco, delle Corti, a district in the municipality of Sesto San Giovanni.

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1

General Overview

The Site, Sesto Marelli, and is studied and analyzed in this section, in order to understand the present condition and setting of the area with respect to its socio demographic, economic and cultural aspects.

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1.1 Site context and Analysis The site is located at Isola del Bosco/Delle Corti, a district located in the municipality of Sesto san Giovanni. Analysing the locality and context of the site is extremely important to understand the general setting of the area inorder to judge the livability factor within that neighbourhood.

The location

Rodinella/Baraggia/ Restellone

Pelucca/Falck Village

Rondo/ Toretta Isola del Bosco/ Delle Corti

Dei Parchi/Cascina Gatti/ Parpaggliona

Source: PGT report of Sesto San Giovanni Dec 2019

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Accessibility Accessibility and 15 Min city The relation of accessibility with the concept of 15-minute city: The idea of 15 minute neighborhood is a matter of accessibility and reachability to all sides of the neighborhood for the residents, to answer their needs. Therefore, the whole area should be easily accessible by slow mobility, such as walking and cycling, and also sustainable mobility such as metro line and bus. There should also be a radius of 15- minute walk and 15-minute cycling which provides all facilities needed, for the residents.

The area is connected with the red metro line M1 which passes through the centre of the study area. The road networks connects to the north ring road A52.

The station of Sesto San Giovanni is served by trains of the lines of the Milan suburban railway service and by regional trains of the lines Milan Porta Garibaldi – Molteno – Lecco and Milan Porta Garibaldi– Carnate – Bergamo.

The Isochrones shows the accessible area while using a wheel chair, walking with a speed of 5.4 km/h in 15 minutes. The park within the residential area is taken as the centre for Isochrones. This accessible area covers a mixture of services.

Accessibility of the Study area

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Source: DUSAF 6.0 and DBT 8

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The area with the flyover and underpass creates a barrier and boundary to one of the entry points to the site.

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Sesto Marelli Metro station - the roads introduced dedicated cycle lane increasing the quality of the roads.

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The railway network lines the boundary of the district with clear restriction to the accessibility of the site from west side

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Large and wide roads with very few green spaces and no cycle lanes.

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Vacant spaces left for development of Milano Sesto project

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Limited no. of bus stops and bus routes in the area.

Analysis: The railway creates a large restriction for accessibility from the north and western side of the site. There is not defined routs for cycling to make circulation among two parks in this area, and the lack of accessibility to the social transportation (Bus and Metro). Most of the mobility is based on car than walking.

Socio-Demographic condition A general overview about some of the important demographic condition of Sesto San Giovanni as a whole is given below. The old age index for the municipality of Sesto San Giovanni says that there are 193.0 elderly people for every 100 young people. Structural dependency ratio represents the social and economic burden of the inactive population (0-14 years and 65 years and over) on the active population (15-64 years)and in 2020 there will be 60.7 dependent individuals for every 100 working. Active population turnover index represents the percentage ratio between the population that is about to retire (60-64 years) and the population that is about to enter the labour market (15-19 years) and in 2020 the turnover index is 136.3 and means that the working age population is very old.

Source: PGT report of Sesto San Giovanni Dec 2019

Socio- demographic condition & Economic condition and 15 min city

Considering the economic condition of the neighbourhood, the potentialities could be developed to provide more job opportunities and create a more self-contained neighborhood, reachable and usable for the residents.

Population

Isola del Bosco is the most populated district of Sesto San Giovanni with 25,501 residents and among that, about 20 % of the total residents are foreigners, mainly from Egypt, Romania and Philippines.

The relation with the concept of 15-minute city: Each neighborhood contains a diverse population in different ages, genders, social and economical classes and so on. To become a 15-minute neighborhood, all the needs of different social groups should be considered and all the facilities should be provided for the needs of different types of resident in the neighborhood.

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Source: Statistical Office based on data from the Registry, Municipality of Sesto San Giovanni 2019

Source: Statistical Office based on data from the Registry, Municipality of Sesto San Giovanni 2019

Population by Age group : Majority of the population of the area lies between the age group of 45-50 years

(2225) and population of old age people are higher than that of young and active population.

Male

Female

Source: Statistical Office based on data from the Registry, Municipality of Sesto San Giovanni 2019

Population by Gender : Total no. of women are higher (13225) compared to men (12.275) and among that,

the population of unmarried Men and Women are the highest.

Elderly community and women population are the highest in the neighbourhood

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Land-use Land use and the 15 mi n city The relation of land-use with the concept of 15minute city: If the neighborhood tends to become a 15-minute neighborhood, the fragmentation of the landuses should be in a way that all the facilities and services needed for the residents, exist in a distance, reachable in less than 15 minutes. In other words, the neighborhood should contain a diversity of land-uses all around it, to provide everything the residents need in their daily life.

Transformation of Land-use over the years

From 1999 to 2021, the whole area except the northern part has remained the same and no changes happened in the urban fabric.

Considering that there are big areas of residential land use which are mostly very dense, there is a huge lack of services and commercial land uses to serve the residents in the area, and this situation has not changed during 20 years.

The only part of the area which has changed is the large land of Northern part changing from a huge industrial area to a mixture of industrial, green and degraded areas. These degraded areas are he part of the plan of Milano Sesto project to become green public spaces and services for the area, but it is not easily accessible with 15 minute walk from the other parts of the area.

It could be therefore concluded that there is a dramatical need of small scale local commercials and services such as education and so on, to serve the residents of the area, and change the area from a mix of residential and industrial, to a more livable neighborhood with services reachable in 15 minutes.

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Current Land-use

Analysis: The area has highly dense residential area with accessible green spaces around it. It also has an industrial, commercial and sports facilities within the area. The area has diverse land use and different urban welfare services. The area also has many construction sites dedicated for the Major urban transformation coming in the Ex falck industrial area, Milano sesto Project.

Source: DUSAF 6.0

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Residential area Very compact residential area with high buildings which include a huge number of residents who needs shops for their daily needs to improve their welfare.

Total 12,531 households resides in Isola del Bosco and most of them are one-person household and the average household dimension is 2.07.

42% of the household is single person house hold which is double the value of families with children.

No. of elderly single person households is also high which suggests that services regarding that is a necessity.

Source: ISTAT census data 2011

Home Ownership rate

The map shows the rate of home ownership in the municipality of Sesto San Giovanni. The rate of self owned homes in the study area is 76.6, and comparing with other districts, its has 2nd highest value for self owned residences.

The area also has the highest index of young people living alone : 12.4 But the area also has the 2nd highest index of elderly people living alone : 31.9

Household distribution

The area has the highest value for average area per sq.m available for the occupants in the dwellings : 38.4 The area has high number of home owners, with highest number of young as well as elderly population living alone.

Source: ISTAT census data 2011 16

Social nodes The social nodes are used by different groups of people according to the time. These include the basketball court in Giardino Sandro Pertini, Church of Saint Stephen on Sunday, and cafes and bars.

Greenery Sesto San Giovanni and this area has good quality of green areas like Giardino Sandro Pertini and Giardino Villa Zorn, But the high density of residential buildings prevent more greenery in small scale.

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Commercial areas There are different types of shopping centers such as: IN’s, Carrefour, and so on. According to the residential density, there is a need for more grocery local shops, while there are various small shops to fulfill other needs.

Commercial and Industrial building in the study area

The dispersion and location of commercial and industrial land uses in the study area indicates that large-scale commercial land uses such as IN’S and CARREFOUR are within 15 minutes’ reach of the surrounding residential areas, and commercial edges are defined within the area, but many of them are either inactive or do not have the required daily usage of the residents and workers.

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Economic condition

The area has the lowest unemployment rate : 6.4

Sesto San Giovanni, after the transition phase from a city of large factories to a post-industrial city, in which they had developed and strengthened the tertiary and commercial activities, is now in a new phase of great transformations whose effects, both on the urban and on the economic and social fabric, will affect the entire area of Northern Milan and the metropolitan area, and have the potential for the initiation of a development and an enabling of the economic system strictly connected to innovation and research. On the former Falck areas, the City of Health and Research will set up a new health complex of clinical research and training which will include two great public health excellences, the IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation and the IRCCS Carlo Neurological Institute Foundation Besta, with the aim of achieving important synergies with the existing hospital network in northeast quadrant

Among that, the youth unemployment rate is :

Between 2010 and 2018, support services for businesses, artistic activities, sports, accommodation and catering services and financial and insurance activities had increased and this is one of the development which was well appreciated and welcomed by the residents.

(Source: Statistics Office Chamber of Commerce data Milan, Monza, Brianza and Lodi).

Source: ISTAT census data 2011

The map shows the rate of households with potential economic hardship, 0.9, which is the lowest rate for economic hardship comparing with other districts of the municipality.

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27.4

Rate of occupants having High-medium sized occupation is also highest in the municipality: 39.2

Rate of low skilled labour occupants is one of the lowest : 14.9 But rate of young people who do not study and do not work: 8.2 The area has the least economic hardship in the municipality, but at the same time there is less economically diverse, and there is lack of low skilled labourers.

Milano Sesto Project MilanoSesto is Italy’s biggest urban regeneration project and one of the largest in Europe covering 1.5 million square meters. The project is a partnership between several companies including property owner Milanosesto S.p.A, Hines as development manager and strategic advisor and the Prelios Group as project manager.

It occupies the spaces where the Falck industries were left abandoned, and is one of Europe’s most ambitious development projects. Upon completion, it will be home to more than 50,000 residents and transform the area into a

sustainable and inclusive urban hub. The master plan, designed by international architecture studio Foster + Partners, includes residential areas - affordable and free market homes, student housing, senior living – retail, hospitality and office space, and public realm facilities with a 45-hectare park to become the ‘green lung’ for the entire Milanese metropolitan area, integrated with the historic industrial buildings.

The study area is going to be molded to a large extend due to the influence of this large scale urban transformation.

LEGEND Main connections Territorial connections Main meeting point with the existing urban fabric

//1.5 MIL MQ //50,000 people //2021 start of the work //45 ha of greenery //10km of slow mobility paths //10,000 new trees planted

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All ongoing projects in the area

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Milano Sesto project & Other ongoing projects The relation with the concept of 15-minute city: There are already some project in the area which are partly under construction or have been planned to be implemented in future.

These projects could on one hand, change the neighborhood to be closer to the idea of 15-minute neighborhood and provide facilities for the residents; and on the other hand, lead us for the suggestions we can have. So these projects should be considered in the strategy-making process, not to have plans in contrast or parallel with them.

Night Life The relation with the concept of 15-minute city: To become a 15-minute neighborhood, it should be usable in different times of the day and provide the opportunity for the residents to reach their needs in different hours.

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There are no 24 hrs convenient stores or service centers in the locality and all the streets are completely stranded by night, and some of the streets lack proper street lighting also.

Urban Welfare: The relation with the concept of 15-minute city: All the facilities needed in the daily life of the residents, such as health and education facilities, sport and cultural facilities and so on, should be provided in a short distance of 15-minute walk in the neighborhood to be self- contain Support services for businesses, artistic activities, sports, accommodation and catering services and financial and insurance activities are still not adequate which is still lacking behind. Services for elderly community are also lacking.

Education : The area has the highest rate for occupants with diploma or degree :

67.5

The area has public and private educational centers like kindergarten, elementary school, middle school and high school. University of Biccoca is also within a reachable distance which also influences the area.

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Sports Facilities : The area has the private as well as public sports facilities and swimming pools.

There are also multiple gyms, training centers, yoga centers, dance classes, kids training centers and gymnastics centers etc also in the locality.

Source: Google images

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Health : The area has the multiple pharmacies and small scale medical centers. The city hospital is also in a reachable distance.

Source: Google images

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Culture : For a heavily dense residential area, having cultural and religious amenities are extremely

important. The area has multiple churches but no other religious structures. There are few libraries and bookshops.

Source: Google images

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Summary of findings

The potentiality as well as the issues of the area are identified and analyzed which created the base for the strategies.

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2.1 SWOT Analysis

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STRENGTH

- The variety of function - High density of services at walking distance from every part of the urban fabric - Great accessibility from and to Milan _The area is well served by schools of all grades, both private and public _Cultural life seems to be an important part of the local identity Supra-municipal green area Municipal green area Green service area

Accessibility to and from Milan

WEAKNESS

_Poor permeability of the infrastructures _Strong zoning in the urban grid _Weak presence of connectivity between green and blue infrastructure _There’s just one overpass suitable for slow mobility transportation - Shortage of sport facilities - Having high dense streets cutting through residential districts High dense streets Infrastructural barrier

OPPORTUNITIES

car only overpass car and pedestrian overpass car/pedestrian/bike overpass

_The vacant spaces that are gonna be included in the Milanosesto project will be permeable and open to the public _Presence of a lot of small green areas. _Opportunities for the creation of green corridors connecting the existing Parco Nord, Parco Lambro and Cascina Gatti and the upcoming park in the Falck area _ New bike path on Viale Monza from Milan - Presence of big mobility nodes - Proximity to Bicocca University - 53% of the population are active adults MilanoSesto project

Existing main supra municipal parks

THREAT

Permeability Possible green corridors between already existing parks Possible green corridors between already existing and future parks Underground Metro/Bus

Metro/Bus/Train

-Large amount of fanced vacant areas - Around 26% of population is +65 _Possible exacerbation of the physical and perceptual separation caused by the railroad _Degradation and abandonment of the surroundings of the abandoned industrial settlements -Having old population index, less young active population Degradation around vacant spaces

Perceptual separation

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2.2 Pathway to achieving a 15 Min city SESTO FOR THE 15 MINUTES CITY

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1_PEDESTRIANISING - Make roads more pedestrian friendly - Create open public squares in the underused streets’ spaces - Make one of the underpasses just for slow mobility and pedestrians 2_DESATURATING - Create 10km/h or no car zones - Remove car parks on the main roads - De pave some parts of the roads’ system 3_CONNECTING - Create slow mobility paths on the main roads and on the inside of the dense urban fabric and connect them to the already existing ones - Add some bus stops in under served areas - Up the sharing mobility nodes 4_INTERACTING WITH THE GREEN AND BLUE SYSTEM - Create a green corridor connecting Parco Nord, Parco lambro, Cascina Gatti, the upcoming parco milanosesto and the lambro river - Up the quality of green spaces and make use of the green service areas randomly scattered on the urban fabric 5_REHABILITATING PUBLIC SPACE - Up the quality of the already existing public squares and the social nodes - Beautify the neighbourhood - Add urban lighting to the public spaces - Create multifunctional public spaces for the whole day, mostly around schools 6_SPREADING WELFARE - Create co working spaces and skill development areas for unemployed population - Create a start up hub - Up the offer of basic services such as grocery shops and make them more accessible for the elderly population 32

2.3 Issues identified & Strategic Ideas 2.3.1 Issue 1 : Quality of Public Spaces Issues

Objectives

Strategies

Presence of a great number of oversized roads, on some of these roads, the presence of herringbone car parking is a big waste of space Two of the underpasses are degraded and limited to car use.

Pedestrianising the underused road spaces and those occupied by car parking.

Creating a bike way network along the oversized roads and in place of the herringbone car parking.

The north-East underpass could be limited to slow mobility use.

Two of the neighbourhood’s schools are completely surrounded by narrow sidewalks and road space, making the access dangerous.

Desaturating the roads from the heavy traffic.

Create 30km/h zones around the school districts, limiting access and bettering the quality of the sidewalks.

The neighbourhood presents a lot of small disconnected green spaces that are degraded not well looked after, the connection between parco nord and Parco della Media Valle del Lambro is still missing.

Interacting with the green and blue infrastructures, creating corridors and connections.

Create a green corridor going from Parco Nord to Parco Lambro passing through the existing, and enhanced, green spaces and the new bike way network.

Presence of many spaces that are occupied by car parking and that could potentially be used as public and social spaces.

Connecting the already existing social nodes with the new public spaces.

The buffer zone around the railway, which is seen as a strong barrier, lacks whatsoever quality of the urban space, in addition, most of it its fenced and abandoned.

Rehabilitating public spaces and fight degradation of the built environment.

Close off the car parking in strategic places to create a ‘Piazze Aperte’ concept for the public space, connecting them through 30km/h zones.

Make the buffer zone of the railway public by getting the fences down and revitalizing the green and the pathways around it.

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Potential strategies for the issues

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2.3.2 Issue 2 : Dense mono-functional residential areas

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Potential strategies for the issues

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2.3.3 Issue 3 : Lack of Job related infrastructure

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Potential strategies for the issues

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Spatial Strategies

The strategies which would enable the neighburhood to become a 15 min city are identified and potential areas for its execution are suggested in this section.

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3.1 The Concept

Creating a Community The first step towards a self-reliant 15-minute city is creating oneness among the diverse residents of the neighbourhood. The residents should communicate and share spaces among themselves and create a dependable community in order to understand what is lacking and what more to be developed to be more self sufficient.

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3.2 Potential locations for the strategies

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Via Barnaba Oriani - Suitable for pedestrianisation and gathering space 2

Via Eugenio Curiel - Suitable for Commercial street 6 LINES OF ACTION FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

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3.3 Issue 1: Quality of Urban spaces

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3.3.1 Relevant Case studies

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3.3.2 Steps of execution

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3.3.3 Focus on specific part of the strategy

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A’ A

Section line

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Via Barnaba Oriani - Piazza Aperte

Section AA’ 54

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3.4 Issue 2: Dense mono-functional residential area

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3.4.1 Relevant Case studies

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3.4.2 Steps of execution

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3.4.3 Focus on specific part of the strategy

B’

B

Section line

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Collage & sections

Via Bettino Craxi

Section BB’ 64

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3.5 Issue 3: Lack of Job related infrastructures

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3.5.1 Relevant Case studies

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3.5.2 Steps of execution

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3.4.3 Focus on specific part of the strategy

C’

C

Section line 70

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Viale Italia

Section CC’ 72

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3.6 Combined Spatial Strategies

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3.6.1 Combined Strategies steps of execution

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3.7 Specific focus : Pilot Project

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Feasibility of the strategies

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4.1 Actors Analysis All the actors, decision makers and stakeholders, that could potentially be involved in the planning actions are listed and analysed based on their typology of intervention.

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4.2 Execution Timeline

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4.3 Social Feasibility

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4.4 Funding and Economic Feasibility

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Appendix

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Bibliography -Citta Di Sesto San Giovanni, PGT (Valutazione ambientale strategica Rapporto ambientale preliminare documento di scoping ), December 2019.

- Portale Open Data - Citta Metropolitana di Milano website: < https://www.cittametropolitana.mi.it/open_data/> - Portale Open Data - Citta Di Sesto San Giovanni website: < https://sestosg.net/> - Portale Open Data - Regione Lombardia website: < https://www.dati.lombardia.it/widgets/qkfs-wmmh > - Sesto in Cifre – Sesto San Giovanni website: < https://sestosg.net/sesto-in-cifre/ > -Istat subcomunali data - Sesto San Giovanni, website: <https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/104317>

- Citta Di Sesto San Giovanni, PGT.U (Aggiornato ed integrato alla luce delle controdeduzioni-Giugno 2008)

- Citta Metropolitana di Milano, PUMS, Documento di Piano - Quadro conoscitivo, December 2019 - Living Locally : creating resilient 20-minute neighbourhoods in greenfield growth areas, Resilient Melbourne, October 2020 - My Portland Plan: What makes a neighborhood complete, February 2013

- Victoria state Government, Croydon south : our 20-minute neighbourhood, 2019

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