European Hospital and Healthcare Management - Issue 04

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Innovating Patient Care for a Better Tomorrow

Impact of AI & Machine Learning in Patient Care and Clinical Practice

As we stand on the brink of a technological revolution, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into healthcare is not just a trend, it’s a transformative journey that holds the potential to redefine patient care. The profound implications these technologies have on our industry, from enhancing patient outcomes to streamlining clinical workflows.

AI is designed to replicate human cognitive functions, enabling them to undertake tasks like decision-making and problem-solving. A key component of AI is Machine Learning, which utilizes algorithms that analyze data to detect patterns that may not be easily observed by humans. Together, these technologies are shaping the future of healthcare, making it more personalized, efficient, and responsive.

The benefits of AI and ML in healthcare are numerous. They empower clinicians with advanced tools for analyzing electronic medical records, predicting patient risks, and improving diagnostic accuracy. From anticipating potential complications to optimizing drug development, these innovations are elevating the standard of care. Imagine a scenario where AI analyzes thousands of ECG readings to provide insights into an individual’s heart health, enabling proactive management of cardiovascular risks.

However, with great opportunity comes significant challenges. The integration of AI and ML into existing healthcare systems requires thoughtful consideration of user interfaces, data privacy, and clinician training. A seamless incorporation of these technologies into workflows is essential for building trust and improving adoption rates among healthcare professionals. Moreover, addressing concerns about data standardization and security is crucial to safeguarding

patient information and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.

The future of healthcare lies in the harmonious blend of technology and human compassion. AI and ML are not intended to replace healthcare providers rather, they are tools designed to enhance their capabilities, allowing for more informed decision-making and improved patient engagement.

As you navigate through the pages of EuropeanHHM Issue 04, we invite you to engage with the profound insights shared by our esteemed contributors, whose collective expertise propels us toward a future where healthcare innovation and patient-centric care intersect. It is evident that the healthcare sector is making a remarkable transformation.

Thank you for being a part of the EuropeanHHM community. We look forward to your contributions and to sharing knowledge as we navigate the evolving healthcare landscape together.

We invite you to share your insights, stories, and perspectives in our upcoming issues. Whether you'd like to write about emerging trends, participate in interviews, or provide unique insights into the healthcare ecosystem, your contributions can inspire and guide others. Please reach out to us at editorial@europeanhhm.com.

Stay Connected!

N D Vijaya Lakshmi Editor

CONTENTS

HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT

10 Healthcare Leadership and Management Training

Dr Raajiv Singha, Managing Director & Group CEO, Marengo Asia Hospitals

15 Discover 5 ‘Data-Secure Approaches’ to Leverage AI in Healthcare

Harshit Jain, MD, Founder & Global CEO, Doceree

MEDICAL SCIENCES

20 Patient Engagement and Experience: The Future of Global Healthcare

Dr. Venugopal Reddy, Medical Director and Consultant Pediatrician, Ovum Hospitals

26 Neurodegenerative Disease Management - Updates in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

Aarti Desai, MBBS, Research Fellow, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Vaishnavi Rathod, MD, Clinical Extern, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Rohan Goswami, MD, Associate Professor, Consultant, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

DIAGNOSTICS

42 Handheld Ultrasound Devices Vs Standard Ultrasound Machine

Ai Phi Thuy Ho, Cardiology Specialist, Hospital Kalnes Trust

TECHNOLOGY, EQUIPMENT & DEVICES

48 Digital Health and Wearable Technology

Vaishnavi Rathod, MD, Clinical Extern, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Aarti Desai, MBBS, Research Fellow, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Rohan Goswami, MD, Associate Professor, Consultant, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Engaging Patients in the Health Tech Era

Carol Nwelue

MD, FACP, SFHM, CPL Founder and CEO

Advantage HCS LLC, USA

55 Applications of Artificial Intelligence Advancing Health Equity and Addressing Disparities

Preet Kukreja, MBA, MHA, FAPM, Director, Population Health Initiatives

59 AI and Machine Learning in Healthcare –Challenges and Opportunities

Aarti Desai, MBBS, Research Fellow, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Jose Ruiz, MD, Senior Associate Consultant, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Rohan Goswami, MD, Associate Professor, Consultant, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

64 AI and Machine Learning in Medicine

Eirik Tjønnfjord, Senior Consultant, Kalnes Hopsital and Rikshospitalet

EUROPEAN HOSPITAL & HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT

EUROPEANHHM with its keen interest across the length and breadth of the healthcare world aims to provide premium, cutting-edge & reliable healthcare content to its subscribes base in the European region.

HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT

These days, healthcare management is in extremely high demand

SURGICAL SPECIALITY

Patients are treated for greater health in the surgical discipline of medicine

TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT

Healthcare providers have been compelled to look for cutting-edge technologies

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

With its Healthcare IT Solutions, information technology has propelled the healthcare sector.

MEDICAL SCIENCES

As a result of the development of medial sciences, we are now enjoying better and long lives.

DIAGNOSTICS

One of the most valuable markets in the world is the diagnostics sector.

FACILITIES OPERATIONS

It’s crucial to have a wide range of operations & facilities to give patients better treatments.

EUROPEAN

Advisory Board

Andrey Andreevich Kapitonov

CEO, Oxygen Technologies Group, UK

Aung Pyae Kyaw

Executive Director, Asia Royal Hospital, Myanmar

Eiman Shafa

Medical Director, Spine Surgery Abbott Northwestern Hospital, USA

David Anthony Pearce

Director, Business Alliance EMEA, Asensus Surgical, Germany

Gabe Rijpma

CEO, Aceso Health, New Zealand

Guglielmo Brayda

CEO, Inframedica Sarl, Luxembourg

Hassan Mostafa Mohammed

Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, ReyadaPro, Saudi Arabia

Likaa Najuib

Medical Marketing Operational Officer, Alfacure Oncology Center, Egypt

Paola Antonini

Chief Scientific Officer, Meditrial Global CRO, Italy

Pinheiro Neto Joao

Chief Executive Officer, Meu Doutor, Angola

Piyanun Yenjit

Managing Director, APUK Co.,Ltd, Bangkok

Predrag Ristic

CEO, Pharmillennium Consulting L.L.C., Serbia

Simon Ferdinand Waslander

Director of Collaboration, CureDAO, Aruba

Thitisak Kitthaweesin

Chief of Phramongkutklao Center of Academic and International Relations Administration, Thailand

Vicknesh Krishnan

Associate Medical Director, Fresenius Medical Care Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia

EDITOR

Vijaya Lakshmi N D

EDITORIAL TEAM

Sarah Richards

Debi Jones

Harry Callum

Supraja B R

ART DIRECTOR

M Abdul Hannan

PRODUCT MANAGER

Jeff Kenney

SENIOR PRODUCT ASSOCIATES

Sussane Vincent

John Milton

Peter Thomas

PRODUCT ASSOCIATE

Ethan Wade

Jacob Higgins

CIRCULATION TEAM

Sam Smith

SUBSCRIPTIONS IN-CHARGE

Vijay Kumar Gaddam

HEAD-OPERATIONS

Sivala VNR

www.europeanhhm.com

MEDICA 2024 A Global Hub for Medical Technology and Healthcare Innovation

Date: November 11 to 14, 2024

Location: Düsseldorf, Germany, will once again host MEDICA, the world’s largest B2B trade fair dedicated to medical technology and healthcare

With over 5,300 exhibitors from nearly 70 countries and an expected 83,000 visitors, MEDICA serves as a premier platform for professionals to explore cutting-edge developments in the medical industry.

Attendees will have the opportunity to experience innovative products and solutions across a wide range of sectors, including medical imaging, laboratory technology, diagnostics, health IT, mobile health, and

physiotherapy/orthopaedic technology.

The event also features a diverse program of conferences, expert presentations, and special shows, fostering dialogue between healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers.

MEDICA offers more than just an exhibition; it presents a wealth of networking opportunities. From award ceremonies for breakthrough products to matchmaking tools for scheduling appointments with exhibitors, the event is

Visitors are encouraged to prepare in advance by exploring the exhibitor directory and planning their participation in key forums and product pitches. The MEDICA.de portal provides an extensive array of resources, including exhibitor databases, product catalogues, and hotel booking services, ensuring that attendees can maximize their time at the trade fair.

For over 40 years, MEDICA has been the go-to event for medical professionals eager to see the future of healthcare. This year's edition promises to continue that tradition, offering a comprehensive overview of the latest technologies and solutions shaping outpatient and clinical care worldwide.

Join the global medical technology community at MEDICA 2024 and witness firsthand the innovations that will define the future of healthcare!

Healthcare Leadership and Management Training

Dr Raajiv Singhal

Effective healthcare leadership is more crucial than ever. With the constant evolution of medical technology, patient expectations, and regulatory landscapes, healthcare leaders must be adaptable, visionary, and deeply committed to fostering a culture of excellence. However, great leadership does not happen by chance, it is the result of intentional training and development.

Healthcare Leadership: Navigating the Complexities of Modern Medicine and the Role of Leadership in Healthcare

Healthcare leadership is a multifaceted discipline that requires a unique blend of skills, knowledge, and vision. Healthcare leaders are responsible for more than just managing day-to-day operations. They set the tone for organizational culture, influence patient care standards, and guide teams through complex, high-stakes situations.

Founding Member, MD & Group CEO, Marengo Asia Hospitals

A strong leader can inspire trust, drive innovation, and create an environment where healthcare professionals feel empowered to do their best work. In a field where the stakes are often life and death, effective leadership is not just a desirable quality, it is a necessity. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, driven by technological advancements, changing patient expectations, and regulatory pressures, the role of healthcare leaders has never been more critical.

The Expanding Role of Healthcare Leaders

Traditionally, healthcare leadership was centered on managing medical facilities and ensuring the delivery of patient care. While these responsibilities continue to remain at the core and essential, the scope of healthcare leadership has significantly expanded. Today, leaders are expected to be strategic visionaries, ethical stewards, and catalysts for innovation. They must navigate the complexities of a rapidly changing industry while maintaining a steadfast commitment to patient-centered care.

1. Strategic Vision and Innovation

Healthcare leaders must possess a clear strategic vision that aligns with the goals of their organizations and the broader healthcare ecosystem. This vision involves anticipating future trends, such as the integration of artificial intelligence, telemedicine, and personalized medicine, and positioning the organization to leverage these advancements. Effective leaders not only adapt to change but also drive it, fostering a culture of innovation that encourages continuous improvement and exploration of new ideas. The need to be the first to usher in newer technologies and techniques that enhance patient care has become important to fortify the position of the healthcare provider in the industry.

2. Ethical Stewardship

Ethics is at the core of healthcare leadership. Leaders are often faced with difficult

decisions that have profound implications for patients, staff, and the community. Whether it is allocating limited resources, managing patient privacy, or addressing disparities in care, healthcare leaders must prioritize ethical considerations in every decision they make. This requires a deep understanding of the moral obligations that come with their role and a commitment to upholding the highest standards of integrity.

3. Patient-Centered Care

Despite the many challenges and responsibilities, the primary focus of healthcare leadership remains the patient. Leaders must ensure that their organizations deliver high-quality, compassionate care that meets the diverse needs of patients. This involves not only providing excellent clinical care but also addressing the social, emotional, and psychological aspects of patient wellbeing. Leaders must foster an environment where patients are treated with dignity and

respect, and where their voices are heard and valued.

The Importance of Leadership Development and Training

Given the complexities of healthcare leadership, organizations need to invest in leadership development and training. Effective leadership doesn’t happen by accident; it requires a deliberate cultivation of skills and competencies that are critical to success in the healthcare industry. To cultivate effective leaders, healthcare organizations must invest in comprehensive training management programs. These programs should focus on developing a range of skills, from technical competencies to emotional intelligence, communication, and ethical decision-making. Leadership training in healthcare should be dynamic and ongoing, adapting to new challenges and opportunities.

1. Comprehensive Training Programs

Leadership training in healthcare should be

comprehensive, covering a wide range of topics including clinical knowledge, financial management, communication skills, and emotional intelligence. These programs should be tailored to the specific needs of healthcare leaders, offering practical, hands-on experiences that prepare them for the challenges they will face. Additionally, training should be ongoing, allowing leaders to continuously refine their skills and adapt to new developments in the industry.

2. Mentorship and Peer Support

Mentorship is a vital component of leadership development. Experienced leaders can provide invaluable guidance and support to emerging leaders, helping them navigate the complexities of their roles. Peer support networks also play a crucial role, offering a platform for leaders to share experiences, exchange ideas, and learn from one another. By fostering a culture of collaboration and mutual support, healthcare organizations can strengthen their leadership teams and improve overall performance.

3. Emotional Intelligence and Resilience

In addition to technical skills and knowledge, healthcare leaders must also develop emotional intelligence and resilience. The ability to manage one’s own emotions, understand the emotions of others, and navigate stressful situations with composure is critical to effective leadership. Training programs should include components that focus on building emotional intelligence, stress management, and resilience,

Peer support networks also play a crucial role, offering a platform for leaders to share experiences, exchange ideas, and learn from one another.

equipping leaders with the tools they need to lead effectively in high-pressure environments.

4. Diversity and Inclusion

Diversity and inclusion are increasingly recognized as essential elements of effective healthcare leadership. Leaders must be able to understand and address the diverse needs of their staff and patient populations. This involves creating an inclusive environment where all voices are heard and respected, and where diversity is seen as a strength. Training programs should include education on cultural competency, unconscious bias, and strategies for promoting diversity and inclusion within the organization.

The Future of Healthcare Leadership

As the healthcare industry continues to evolve, the role of leadership will only become more complex and demanding. Leaders will need to be agile, forward-thinking, and deeply committed to the principles of patient-centered care and ethical stewardship. They will also need to be lifelong learners, continually seeking

out new knowledge and skills to stay ahead of the curve.

In the future, successful healthcare leaders will be those who can balance the demands of running a modern healthcare organization with the need to provide compassionate, patientcentered care. They will be innovators and strategists, but also empathetic caregivers and ethical stewards. By investing in leadership development and fostering a culture of excellence, healthcare organizations can ensure that they are well-equipped to navigate the challenges of the future and continue to deliver the highest standards of care.

Conclusion

Healthcare leadership is a dynamic and evolving discipline that requires a unique combination of skills, knowledge, and vision. From strategic planning and innovation to ethical decision-making and patient-centered care, healthcare leaders play a critical role in shaping the future of medicine. By investing in leadership development and fostering a culture of excellence, healthcare organizations can ensure they are prepared to meet the challenges of today and tomorrow and continue to deliver exceptional care to patients. Investing in leadership and training management is not just about preparing individuals for leadership roles—it's about building a stronger, more resilient healthcare system. When leaders are well-trained and supported, they are better equipped to guide their teams through challenges, innovate in patient care, and

ultimately, improve healthcare outcomes. By prioritizing leadership development, healthcare organizations can ensure they are prepared for the future, no matter what it may bring.

Dr Raajiv Singhal is the Founding Member, Managing Director, and Group CEO of Marengo Asia Healthcare, recognized for strategic acumen and innovative approach in healthcare. Dr Singhal also serves as Co-Chair for Medical Value Travel (MVT) at FICCI and the Northern Region Healthcare at NATHEALTH. His critical leadership role extends to Asia and Africa with expertise in private equity and strategic investment, having led efforts in due diligence, asset localization, and strategic planning across diverse geographies, including Ethiopia, Tanzania, Egypt, and South Africa. Dr Singhal has served the army for a decade and a half as a general surgeon in challenging terrains such as J&K, Siachen, and the jungles of the Northeast.

AUTHOR BIO

Discover 5 ‘Data-Secure Approaches’ to Leverage AI in Healthcare

In the article, Harshit Jain, MD, explores five data-secure approaches for leveraging AI in healthcare while addressing concerns about privacy and safety. AI's potential to enhance patient care and reduce costs is immense, but data security and regulatory compliance are critical. Key strategies include HIPAA-compliant data handling, anonymizing patient information, partnerships with certified experts, and integrating AI with human intellect for responsible decision-making. These measures ensure that AI can be safely adopted in healthcare, advancing innovation while safeguarding patient data and maintaining ethical standards.

Harshit Jain MD, Founder & Global CEO, Doceree

With the sudden influx of the ‘data-driven decision-making' trend in global healthcare, data as a ‘pre-requisite for innovation’ has become increasingly important. As technological advancements continue to redefine modern healthcare narratives, it is crucial that these developments occur in a secure, regulatory-compliant environment. This is especially vital in healthcare, where stakeholders regularly make lifeimpacting decisions. New technologies,

including AI, are emerging as game-changing forces in enhancing patient care and reducing rising healthcare costs in the United States and worldwide. However, these advances face concerns from key healthcare stakeholders, particularly regarding data security and privacy.

A recent research poll revealed that 60% of patients feared their HCP would rely too much on AI for diagnosis and treatment, while 57% worried that AI would erode their relationship with HCPs. This insecurity stems from data privacy concerns, as AI systems handle sensitive patient information, increasing the risk of breaches. The fear of bias in AI algorithms also raises worries about unequal patient outcomes. Stakeholders lack confidence in the transparency of AI-based decision-making, leading to concerns about HCPs’ over-reliance on AI for treatment decisions. Furthermore, integrating AI into existing healthcare infrastructure requires significant changes to HCP workflows, potentially jeopardizing patient safety due to malfunctions or errors.

Technology & Human Intellect: Data-Secure Approaches to AI in Healthcare

As AI is soon to become the ‘cornerstone’ in HCP-patient engagement, incorporating secure triggered messaging by HIPAA-certified marketers within HCPs workflows during critical moments of care can enable real-time access to instant and actionable insights for facilitation of informed decision making in today’s high-paced clinical environments.

Through data-secure analysis of HCPs and patient’s information using AI, more enriched HCP-patient engagement can be facilitated, ultimately leading to improved treatment adherence and outcomes. Moreover, by leveraging real-time campaign performance insights curated through AI, marketers can personalize their HCP engagement strategies for ongoing or future campaigns with remarkable precision, saving on both - additional time and costs.

While the benefits associated with the technology seem promising, it is imperative to also employ human intellect for improved data-security and ethical communication. To understand this better, let us decode five datasecure approaches to demystify apprehensions surrounding AI’s use in healthcare.

1. Compliant Employment of HCPs Data

With the recent study revealing that at least two-third of HCPs are relying on AI for medical education support, HCPs data is a pre-requisite for smooth integration and functioning of AI systems in HCPs workflows, including POC platforms and EHRs systems. AI can analyze HCPs' medical expertise and patients' treatment histories to craft and trigger relevant messages, providing actionable insights for informed decision-making when needed. Handling this data compliantly enhances medical education and decision-making, safeguarding against potential breaches and misuse.

Partnerships with HIPAA-certified marketing partners are essential for protecting sensitive

Partnerships with HIPAA-certified marketing partners are essential for protecting sensitive healthcare information and ensuring AI systems operate within legal and ethical boundaries.

healthcare information and ensuring AI systems operate within legal and ethical boundaries. Data minimization—collecting only essential information at the point of care—reduces the risk of data misuse. Strong encryption, access controls, and regular audits for compliance should be mandatory for all healthcare stakeholders, creating a more secure ecosystem for technological development. Transparency in data processing practices and the anonymization of sensitive information are crucial to prevent misuse.

To ensure adherence to these practices, compliance training for healthcare staff and a robust incident response plan are necessary, along with ensuring third-party vendors meet regulatory standards.

2. Ethical Utilization of Patient Data

With approximately 85% of office-based physicians utilizing EHR technology in various capacities and 64% of U.S. hospitals exchanging patient data electronically with

external providers, the importance of EHRs for HCPs to gain adequate and swift access to patient data is more than ever before. Given the critical role of patient data in understanding treatment and ensuring high-quality care, it is highly susceptible to misuse and potential data breaches.

Through anonymizing patient information, i.e., removing or altering personally identifiable patients’ details, helps protect patient’s privacy while allowing for valuable data analysis for HCPs to make informed decisions pertaining to their treatment in a timely manner. Beyond anonymization, healthcare facilities should implement robust data security measures, including encryption and secure access controls to prevent unauthorized access, with only explicit consent from patients for its use by clearly outlining its intended purposes and safeguarding measures. As discussed previously, regular audits and compliance checks are equally important to ensure adherence to data protection regulations as well as providing adequate training to healthcare staff on ethical utilization of patient data for ‘enhanced patient outcomes’ before ‘high business returns’.

3. Ensuring HIPAA-Compliant Adherence

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) establishes national standards across the U.S for the protection of sensitive patient data, setting the rules to protect the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information. Any company handling protected health information (PHI)

must follow HIPAA compliance standards based on their entity: covered entities, which include those providing treatment, payment, and healthcare operations, and business partners, which involve accessing patient information and handling PHI as a third party. Given that most healthcare communications are computerized— such as computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems and electronic health records (EHR)—establishing a dedicated system to protect PHI is essential for secure utilization of patient information.

To ensure AI is used in a HIPAA-compliant manner for improved HCP-patient engagement, healthcare organizations must manage PHI per HIPAA’s privacy and security standards, including data encryption and robust access controls. Establishing comprehensive written policies and procedures is essential for guiding operations and maintaining stakeholder consistency. Appointing a dedicated compliance officer or forming a compliance committee can oversee adherence to these guidelines. Additionally, developing effective communication channels is crucial for facilitating HIPAA training and addressing concerns, ensuring regular internal monitoring to identify compliance gaps.

4. Collaborating With ‘Certified’ Experts For Ethical AI Use

As AI continues to advance, many claim to possess the relevant expertise with the technology to leverage its impact. Amidst this vast array of proposals, it is essential for

New technologies, including AI, are emerging as game-changing forces in enhancing patient care and reducing rising healthcare costs in the United States and worldwide. However, these advances face concerns from key healthcare stakeholders, particularly regarding data security and privacy.

brands to only partner with experts certified by renowned organizations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to ensure credibility and compliance. Certification from HIPAA ensures that the marketing service provider is well-versed in maintaining the privacy and security of protected health information, which is critical in a field where data sensitivity is paramount. Similarly, certification from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) indicates that the expert has a thorough understanding of intellectual property rights, which is essential for navigating the complex landscape of AI patents and trademarks.

5. Marrying AI's Competence With Human Intellect

While AI can streamline many functions to ease the treatment burden on HCPs, its

true potential lies in its synergy with human intelligence. By combining AI's computational power with human intuition and expertise, the healthcare industry can adopt a more holistic approach to patient care. AI excels at processing vast amounts of data, identifying patterns, and offering rapid, evidence-based recommendations, but it is human intellect— rooted in experience, empathy, and ethical considerations—that interprets these insights in the context of individual patient needs. This collaboration enhances diagnostic accuracy, personalizes treatment plans, and improves patient outcomes by integrating AI's precision with HCPs' nuanced understanding. It not only augments HCP capabilities but also ensures that technology is used responsibly and ethically for better business outcomes. Ultimately, combining AI's strengths with human judgment creates a more dynamic healthcare system, advancing both innovation and compassionate care while keeping patient care at the forefront of technological advancements.

To conclude, navigating the dynamic landscape of AI-powered healthcare is only possible when the true power of AI in healthcare is leveraged with responsible human intellect. While AI excels at analysing vast amounts of data and offering evidence-based recommendations, human expertise brings context, empathy, and ethical considerations to the table. This blend of technology and human judgment creates a more holistic approach to patient care, driving both innovation and

compassionate treatment. By embracing these strategies, the healthcare industry can responsibly integrate AI, advancing patient care while upholding the highest standards of data security and ethical practice.

Harshit Jain, MD, is the Founder & Global CEO of Doceree, the largest global network of HCP platforms. A Northwestern University graduate, he practiced as a physician for eight years before transitioning into advertising, holding leadership roles at McCann. Over the past 15 years, Jain has expertly combined his medical expertise with data and marketing, creating impactful global campaigns. His work has earned prestigious awards like the Lions Grand Prix for Good and India’s first Black Pencil. Under his leadership, Doceree commenced its journey as world’s first network of HCPs-only platforms for programmatic messaging and is now operating in 25 countries across 4 continents. Jain also shares his insights through his recent book – ‘The Next Marketing – To Healthcare Professionals’ and a healthcare marketing series, ‘The Next Marketing with HJ, Season 1’.

PATIENT ENGAGEMENT AND EXPERIENCE

The Future of Global Healthcare

Patient engagement and experience are crucial for modern healthcare systems. This article explores global trends, innovative technologies, and strategies that empower patients, improve healthcare outcomes, and enhance satisfaction. By addressing challenges and leveraging digital tools, healthcare providers can create a more patient-centric and efficient care model worldwide.

Dr Venugopal Reddy

Medical Director and Consultant Pediatrician, Ovum Hospitals

Patient engagement and experience are central to the evolving landscape of modern healthcare. As the global healthcare system advances, these aspects are no longer supplementary but essential for achieving quality care, improving outcomes,

and fostering trust. By focusing on innovative strategies and cutting-edge technologies, this article explores how healthcare providers around the world can elevate both patient engagement and experience.

Defining Patient Engagement and Experience

Patient engagement involves the active participation of individuals in their own

healthcare, from decision-making to managing their treatment plans. It is not limited to a patient’s visit to the hospital but extends into their daily life, where they remain connected to their health data, providers, and treatment goals. On the other hand, patient experience refers to the cumulative perceptions that patients form based on their interactions with healthcare providers, hospital systems, and the overall care process.

By focusing on these two pillars, healthcare organisations can improve satisfaction, enhance outcomes, and reduce the burden on healthcare resources.

The Impact of Engagement on Healthcare Outcomes

Numerous studies have shown that when patients are actively engaged in their care, outcomes improve significantly. Engaged patients are more likely to adhere to treatment plans, follow preventative measures, and manage chronic conditions effectively. This not only lowers the rate of hospital readmissions but also leads to better long-term health outcomes.

In particular, patient education plays a pivotal role. By equipping patients with accessible and understandable information about their conditions, healthcare providers empower them to make informed choices. As patients become more knowledgeable, they gain control over their health decisions, resulting in improved satisfaction and stronger patient-provider relationships.

Global Trends Shaping Patient Engagement and Experience

In recent years, the healthcare sector has embraced a range of innovative solutions aimed at enhancing patient engagement and experience. Chief among these are digital health tools, which allow patients to remain engaged with their care even outside of traditional clinical settings. Telemedicine, mobile health apps, and patient portals enable patients to schedule appointments, access their medical records, and communicate with healthcare providers from the comfort of their homes.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) also plays a critical role in this shift. AI-powered systems are now capable of analysing vast amounts of patient data, personalising care, and predicting health risks. This allows for more accurate diagnoses and personalised treatment plans, improving the patient experience by providing tailored, proactive care.

AI-powered systems are now capable of analysing vast amounts of patient data, personalising care, and predicting health risks.

Innovative Strategies for Boosting Engagement

The concept of shared decision-making is an essential strategy for improving patient engagement. By involving patients in their care decisions, healthcare providers can ensure that the treatments align with the patient’s values, preferences, and lifestyle. This personalised approach encourages patient involvement, leading to better adherence to treatment plans and improved outcomes.

Virtual care has emerged as a significant tool for increasing engagement. Telemedicine, for example, enables patients to access care remotely, reducing the need for travel and making healthcare more accessible, particularly for those in rural or underserved areas. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine proved invaluable in ensuring continuity of care while maintaining safety protocols.

Healthcare organisations around the world are also redesigning their environments to prioritise patient experience. Many hospitals are creating more welcoming, patientfriendly spaces that provide a sense of calm and comfort. Additionally, technologies like mobile check-ins, streamlined appointment scheduling, and reduced wait times contribute to an enhanced overall experience.

Challenges in Global Patient Engagement

While progress has been made, there are still significant challenges in enhancing patient

engagement and experience on a global scale. One major issue is the digital divide. Although digital tools are transforming healthcare in highincome countries, access to these technologies remains limited in many low- and middleincome regions. This disparity can prevent a large portion of the global population from benefiting from the innovations shaping modern healthcare.

Moreover, socio-economic factors, such as literacy rates and financial constraints, continue to hinder patient engagement in many parts of the world. Patients in underserved communities often lack the resources to actively participate in their care. In such cases, healthcare providers need to implement culturally and economically sensitive solutions to bridge the gap.

Language barriers further complicate efforts to engage patients. In multicultural healthcare settings, effective communication is key to ensuring that patients understand their treatment plans and make informed decisions. Healthcare providers must develop multilingual resources and ensure that they cater to the diverse needs of their patient populations.

Measuring and Improving Patient Experience

Healthcare organisations globally are now investing in ways to measure patient experience. Traditional methods, such as patient satisfaction surveys, have been enhanced by the adoption of more sophisticated tools like the Net Promoter Score (NPS) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). These metrics provide actionable insights into patient perceptions of care, highlighting areas where improvements are needed.

Leading healthcare providers are leveraging this data to continuously refine and improve the patient experience. For example, real-time feedback from patients allows providers to address concerns immediately, leading to enhanced satisfaction and better outcomes. Additionally, by analysing patterns in patient feedback, hospitals can identify systemic issues and implement targeted improvements.

Future Trends in Patient Engagement and Experience

The future of patient engagement and experience will be shaped by the continued integration of digital technologies and predictive analytics. Predictive analytics can anticipate patient needs, allowing healthcare providers to offer proactive care. For example, by analysing a patient’s health data, AI systems can predict potential health issues before they become critical, enabling early interventions that improve outcomes.

As healthcare providers integrate patient input into their organisational strategies, they will develop more patientcentric care models. This approach not only improves the patient experience but also fosters greater trust between patients and providers.

Furthermore, patient feedback will play an increasingly important role in shaping healthcare systems. As healthcare providers integrate patient input into their organisational strategies, they will develop more patientcentric care models. This approach not only improves the patient experience but also fosters greater trust between patients and providers.

International collaboration will be essential for driving these advancements. Healthcare organisations across the globe must share best practices and develop strategies that

address the unique challenges faced by diverse populations.

Conclusion

Patient engagement and experience are rapidly becoming the cornerstones of global healthcare. By adopting innovative technologies, implementing patient-centric strategies, and addressing socio-economic challenges, healthcare providers can create a more engaging and satisfying experience for patients.

The healthcare industry must remain committed to fostering engagement and continuously refining the patient experience. By doing so, we can achieve better clinical outcomes, improve patient satisfaction, and ultimately, enhance the health and well-being of populations around the world.

Supplementary Information: Key Concepts at a Glance

Patient Engagement: Active participation of patients in their healthcare decisions and treatment plans.

Patient Experience: The overall perception and satisfaction of patients with their interactions in the healthcare system.

Shared Decision-Making: A collaborative process between patients and providers to make healthcare decisions together.

Telemedicine: Virtual care services that enable patients to consult with healthcare providers remotely.

AI in Healthcare: Use of artificial intelligence to analyse patient data and personalise care for improved outcomes.

AUTHOR BIO

Dr. Venugopal Reddy is currently the Medical Director and Consultant Pediatrician at Ovum Hospitals. His career in pediatric medicine is marked by an exceptional educational foundation, beginning with an MBBS from Kurnool Medical College. His passion for pediatrics led him to further specialization with a DCH from Sydney University of Paediatrics, Australia, and an MD from Manipal Hospital. He holds prestigious MRCPCH and FRCPCH qualifications from the UK’s Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, and an FRACP from the Royal Australian College of Physicians, Australia. Additionally, Dr. Reddy has advanced studies in Pediatric Nutrition from Boston and Columbia Universities and an MBA in Hospital Management. Recently, he has completed a PhD in hospital management and its showcasing his commitment to pediatric healthcare excellence.

NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE MANAGEMENT

Updates in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

Technological and medical advances offer renewed hope for altering the course of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The combined approaches of immunotherapy and immunoprevention are integral to managing neurodegenerative diseases. Recent breakthroughs include the approval of drugs such as Lecanemab and Donanemab for Alzheimer’s, as well as AI integration. Promising results are emerging in Parkinson’s disease management with the development of bio-prosthetics and the identification of mitochondrial DNA damage as a root cause.

Aarti Desai

MBBS, Research Fellow, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Vaishnavi Rathod

MD, Clinical Extern, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Rohan Goswami

MD, Associate Professor, Consultant, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Neurons, or nerve cells, constitute the functional unit of the brain and the nervous system. They form an intricate neural network in the brain responsible for almost all bodily functions including motor, sensory and cognitive functions such as thinking, movements, spatial awareness and memories. As we age, these neurons alter their structure and undergo a decline in numbers. This loss of normally functioning neurons is defined as neurodegeneration.

Abnormal neurons disrupt the brain's ability to regulate essential cognitive and motor functions, leading to a range of debilitating motor and cognitive symptoms. Unlike other cells in the body, neurons do not readily regenerate, making their loss particularly critical. The most prevalent neurogenerative diseases are Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

Currently, about 55 million adults worldwide suffer AD, carrying a healthcare burden of over $305 billion annually. It has been over 100 years since its discovery yet, we have not

fully understood the pathology that causes AD. Modern technological and laboratory advancements have enabled us to better understand the pathophysiology of AD including atrophy of the hippocampus and other cortical and subcortical structures, abnormal protein accumulation (tau proteins, amyloid plaques), oxidative stress, inflammation, genetic factors and metabolic changes, all contributing to the development of dysfunctional neurons that result in impaired neurotransmission.

AD starts with short term memory loss and progresses to dementia with deficits in other cognitive domains such as language impairment, spatial disorientation and

decline in executive function and judgement. Non-cognitive symptoms such as apathy, agitation, urinary incontinence, mood disorders and sleep disturbances are also seen.

To diagnose AD, physicians may use a combination of medical history, mental status tests, physical and neurological exams, CSF and blood tests and brain imaging. Diagnosis is established clinically by a steady decline in learning, memory and other cognitive functions using tests such as the Mini-Mental State Examination. MRI shows disproportionate medial temporal lobe and hippocampi atrophy. Early diagnosis is essential to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.

Current state in medical therapies and recent advances

Millions of dollars are invested annually in Alzheimer’s research, and yet, no curative therapy exists. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as rivastigmine, donepezil and galantamine and NMDA receptor antagonists such as memantine improve neurotransmission, thereby improving memory and thinking. Comorbidities such as agitation or psychosis are managed with low dose antipsychotics such as brexpiprazole and insomnia is treated with suvorexant. Depressive symptoms are typically managed using anti-depression medications such as SSRIs like citalopram.

In January 2023, the FDA approved Lecanemab, a monoclonal antibody directed against amyloid proteins, the accumulation of which contributes to the development of

AD. This was following the completion of the Clarity AD trial showing reduced brain amyloid levels and improved Clinical Demetia Rating scores at the end of 18 months in patients with mild cognitive impairments and confirmed amyloid deposition using PET scan or CSF studies. The drug is currently under extendedterm studies to assess safety and efficacy.

Most recently, in July 2024, the FDA approved Donanemab, another antibody that reduces amyloid buildup, following results from the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 randomized clinical trial. This trial demonstrated approximately 32% reduction in clinical

disease progression at approximately 18 months for patients with early mild cognitive impairment and confirmed amyloid deposition in the brain through PET scan.

Aducanumab, also aimed at reducing plaque formation and cerebral edema, was approved in 2021 but is set to be discontinued by the manufacturer by the end of 2024.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Alzheimer’s disease

Deep neural networks were trained using a large number of MRIs and PET scans, laboratory, structural and metabolic data to predict an individual’s age. This yields two different ages for any one individual: the Chronological age and AI-Brain age. Higher brain age gap (chronological - AI age) was noted in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, reflecting accelerated aging of the brain and possible progression to dementia. AI based learning essentially provides a measurable biomarker that has groundbreaking advantages in Alzheimer disease prediction, screening, staging and monitoring.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD)

Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after AD, affects 8.5 million people worldwide. WHO has reported PD to be the fastest growing neurological disease with over 100% increase since 2000. PD is a result of progressive depletion of the ‘dopaminergic’ neurons in an area of the brain called substantia nigra (SN). This area

is normally responsible for initiating and fine-tuning all movements of our body from standing and walking to writing or holding a glass of water. The pathophysiology of PD is predominantly in the aggregation of abnormal proteins such as alpha-synuclein, ubiquitin and neurofilament within neuronal cells known as Lewy bodies. Reactive giosis, interferon signaling dysregulation and depigmentation of the SN is also seen within the areas of degeneration.

PD symptoms include bradykinesia (slower movements such as walking), tremors (resting tremors that improve with voluntary movements), rigidity (cogwheel type), and postural instability that may lead to falls. These motor symptoms are unilateral, asymmetrical and progress over time leading to a poor quality of life. Visual hallucinations, mood disorders, masked facial expression and dementia are also commonly seen late in the disease course.

AI based learning essentially provides a measurable biomarker that has groundbreaking advantages in Alzheimer disease prediction, screening,staging and monitoring.

Damaged

mtDNA leads to dysregulated oxidative stress and abnormal signaling pathways contributing to motor symptoms and dementia seen in Parkinson’s disease

Diagnosis of PD is made after a thorough history and physical examination including complete neurological examination. Imaging and laboratory studies are not required though MRI may show nonspecific atrophic changes are seen in the substantia nigra. Levodopa challenge test may be used to support diagnosis in which patients with PD show symptom improvement after administration of Levodopa.

Current state in medical therapies and recent advances

Currently approved PD medications include:

• Dopaminergic medications: levodopacarbidopa, pramipexole, ropinirole, apomorphine

• MAO-B inhibitors: selegiline

• Anticholinergics: benztropine, Trihexyphenidyl

• NMDA antagonist: amantadine

• COMT inhibitors: Entacapone

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an

FDA-approved procedure that delivers electrical stimulation through an electrode placed into deeper brain structures, primarily the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus. DBS is the current standard of care in patients with medication-resistant motor symptoms.

In 2023, a groundbreaking study identified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage as a root cause of the development of PD in animal models. Damaged mtDNA leads to dysregulated oxidative stress and abnormal signaling pathways contributing to motor symptoms and dementia seen in PD. This finding is crucial, as it paves the way for novel disease monitoring techniques and therapeutic approaches that may slow or halt the progression of the disease.

2023 marked yet another leap in PD symptom management with the development of a neuroprosthesis using epidural electrical stimulation in the lumbosacral spinal cord region (STIMO-PARK clinical trial). The device helped a 62-year-old man with a 30-year history of PD with severe gait impairments to walk like a healthy individual with stable longer strides providing real-time control over voluntary leg movements. This patient is able to use the prosthetic for over 8 hours a day, turning it off only during rest and sleep.

Similarly for hand tremors, a hand glove was developed that uses sensory feedback to sense and then recalibrate motor signals sent to the hand to reduce tremors and produce smooth hand movement while performing

tasks such as writing or holding a cup of coffee, tremendously improving the quality of life. So far, 50 patients have used the device with improved motor function. Currently, the research team is focused on improving the glove’s accuracy and reducing its size and cost.

Other treatment modalities currently under study

Gene therapy - Uses a viral vector to deliver DNA sequences that code for genes involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission. The aim is to increase the bioavailability of Dopamine in the substantia nigra via direct enhancement of enzymes involved in dopamine production and maintaining healthy dopaminergic neurons through endogenous neuronal growth factors such as Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor and Neurturin.

Levodopa– Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG) - Dopamine enhancing medication is delivered via a portable pump connected to a percutaneous transgastric jejunostomy with greater efficacy in motor symptoms not relived by oral formulations. Subcutaneous levodopacarbidopa formulation is also currently being explored.

Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) - Apomorphine acts on dopamine, serotonin and alpha-adrenergic receptors and simulates physiological neuronal stimulation.

Radiofrequency ablation, stereotactic radiosurgery, MRI-guided focused ultrasound, and laser-guided thermal therapies - Target

key brain regions associated with Parkinson's disease, including the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus, globus pallidus internus, and subthalamic nucleus.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Parkinson’s disease

A groundbreaking study introduced the use of AI to identify individuals with PD by analyzing breathing patterns during sleep with 90% accuracy, a potential biomarker in PD. Sleep changes are a result of degeneration of neurons within the brainstem and are reported to occur early in the disease course. AI is also used for symptom reporting and disease severity measurement by analyzing videos of fingertapping.

Holistic Approach to Neurodegenerative diseases management

Inflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormal protein accumulation are key pathological mechanisms implicated in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. While certain genetic predispositions are non-modifiable, the progression of neurodegeneration can be mitigated significantly by slowing these pathological processes through a healthy diet and lifestyle interventions. Preliminary studies show that a combination of nutrientrich diet, regular exercise and mental health care can improve cognitive function and quality of life in individuals suffering from AD and PD.

Diet, Nutrition and supplements

Various diets such as the mediterranean diet and the MIND diet incorporate foods rich in antioxidants, lean proteins and healthy fats with lower glycemic indices and anti-inflammatory properties.

Turmeric (curcumin) - One of the most extensively studied anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ingredients, unique due to its ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier. As such, it reduces the concentration of cytokines and inflammatory cells in neural tissue.

B group vitamins – Essential in the majority of bodily functions including the synthesis of neurotransmitters essential for communication between neurons in the brain, DNA and RNA replication and repair resulting in memory and cognition support.

Choline – Choline is a precursor to Acetylcholine, essential for brain cell membrane structure. It may improve memory function.

Omega – 3 fatty acids – Support nerve

cell membrane structure and function, reduce inflammation, increase neurotrophic factors, and reduce oxidative stress.

Probiotics – Reduce inflammation and increase neurotrophic growth factors. Research shows improved cognitive function and memory in patients with AD with regular use of probiotics.

Physical Exercises and Mind-body therapies

While all forms of physical exercise such as walking and swimming are recommended in neurodegenerative diseases, there are two that stand out as beneficial and safe in early neurodegeneration to delay progression and improve symptoms: Yoga and Tai Chi.

Yoga – An ancient practice combining body movements (postures) and breathing exercises. A single 60-minute session has been shown to increase GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter), dopamine, serotonin and lower norepinephrine levels. This improves motor symptoms associated with PD and associated neuropsychiatric disturbances. A study conducted over 8 weeks showed that in addition to improving physical health by improving flexibility, strength and balance, yoga may decrease hippocampal atrophy, improve synaptic plasticity and increase neurotrophic factors in individuals with AD.

Tai Chi – A traditional Chinese exercise combining mental concentration, balance, muscle relaxation and breathing. Research shows that <6 months of Tai Chi may improve

MMSE scores, memory and executive function. It may also improve mood symptoms, and overall quality of life.

Conclusions and prospects

Neuronal injury and death are the baseline characteristic in AD and PD. Therefore, it is safe to assume that neuroprotection and neurogenesis are the most pursued treatment strategies for management. The blood brain barrier is a key obstacle in drug delivery. Perhaps nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems offer a promising future harnessing the benefits of technological advancements and AI, but it may also present challenges regarding safety. Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are permanent and incurable. However, we now have a deeper understanding of many diseases, and advancements in medicine and technology have made it possible to manage many of them effectively.

Dr. Aarti Desai is a Research Fellow in the Division of Heart Failure and Transplant at Mayo Clinic, Florida. She is from Canada and attended medical school at the Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), India. She is interested in the integration of AI in primary care concerning preventative medicine and managing chronic illnesses. She looks forward to starting her residency in Internal Medicine in 2025.

Dr. Vaishnavi Rathod is currently a clinical extern at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. She completed her medical education and postgraduate training in internal medicine at Medical College Baroda, India. Passionate about advancing her career in the U.S. healthcare system, she is applying for Internal Medicine residency, with a long-term goal of becoming a hospitalist with a special focus on cardiology. Dr. Rathod is deeply interested in the latest innovations, digital technology, and AI and their contribution to revolutionizing healthcare by improving patient outcomes, diagnosis, and treatment protocols.

Dr. Rohan Goswami is a Transplant Cardiologist practicing at Mayo Clinic in Florida. He is a graduate of the American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine and completed his internal medicine residency at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons –Stamford Hospital, a cardiology fellowship at The University of Tennessee Memphis, and a Transplant Fellowship in 2017 at Mayo Clinic in Florida. He has a keen interest in clinically focused artificial intelligence research to improve outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure. He has published articles in the field of both heart transplantation and artificial intelligence, as well as presented at Ai4 in 2020 on the future impact of AI in healthcare and invited lectures at the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation from 2021 to 2023. He looks forward to one day utilizing AI integration to prevent organ failure.

Engaging Patients in the Health Tech Era

Patient engagement is key to achieving optimal healthcare outcomes. This article explores how innovative technology is altering the way patients interact with the healthcare industry as well as strategies to address potential challenges.

Carol Nwelue MD, FACP, SFHM, CPL Founder and CEO

Advantage HCS LLC, USA

The healthcare industry has undergone a dramatic transformation in recent years. Rapid advancements in technology and innovation have led to improvements in operational efficiency, expanded opportunities for care delivery, and increased revenue for many organizations.

This shift is likely to affect the experience and level of engagement of patients as well. This article explores how the influx of new technology within the healthcare industry is reshaping patient interactions, addresses some of the challenges posed by these technologies, and offers strategies to assist in mitigating these concerns.

The Importance of Patient Engagement on Healthcare Outcomes

Patient engagement refers to the involvement of patients in their own healthcare processes, including decision-making, treatment adherence, and lifestyle changes. Numerous studies have shown that engaged patients experience better health outcomes. Patients who actively participate in their care tend to have a greater sense of ownership and satisfaction with their healthcare. These patients are more likely to adhere to treatment plans, attend follow-up appointments, and manage chronic conditions effectively.

Engaged patients often report higher satisfaction levels with their healthcare experiences. When patients feel heard and valued, they are more likely to trust their providers and follow medical advice. According to a report by the US Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), effective patient engagement can lead to a reduction in hospital readmissions, lower healthcare costs, and improved chronic disease management.

Similarly, a report from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement suggests that increasing patient engagement can save the U.S. healthcare system, billions of dollars each year.

The Role of Technology in Enhancing Engagement

Recent advancements in digital health solutions have revolutionized how patients interact with the healthcare industry. These technologies empower patients to access their health information, communicate with providers, and manage their health more effectively.

1. Telehealth

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth, allowing patients to access healthcare services from the comfort of their homes. Telehealth platforms facilitate virtual consultations, which have proven effective for routine check-ups, mental health services, and chronic disease management. This technology has made healthcare more accessible, particularly for those in remote areas or with mobility challenges.

2. Mobile Health Apps

Mobile health apps have become powerful tools for patient engagement. These applications allow patients to track their health metrics, access educational resources, schedule appointments, and communicate directly with their healthcare providers. For instance, diabetes management apps can provide patients with real-time feedback on their blood sugar levels, helping them make informed decisions about their diet and medication. Furthermore, the automated insulin delivery system, also known as an “artificial pancreas” combines the benefits of a continuous glucose monitor with an auto injecting insulin pump. Improvements in the size and reliability of these devices have led to a significant increase in compliance with treatment and improvements in patient outcomes.

3. Patient Portals

Patient portals are secure online platforms that provide patients with access to their medical records, test results, and treatment plans. These portals empower patients to take charge of health by allowing them to review their information, request prescription refills, and message healthcare providers. Studies indicate that patients who use these portals report feeling more engaged and informed about their health.

4. Wearable Devices

Wearable technology, such as fitness trackers and smartwatches, has gained popularity in recent years. These devices monitor various health parameters, including heart rate, activity levels, and sleep patterns.

By providing patients with real-time data about their health, wearables encourage proactive health management and foster a sense of accountability.

5. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Chatbots

AI technologies, including chatbots, enhance patient engagement by providing an avenue for patients to ask health related questions and receive an immediate response. In addition to the benefit of obtaining a rapid response to a medical inquiry, a multitude of use cases exist for this type of technology, including symptomchecking services, appointment scheduling, medication adherence reminders, and even obtaining insurance coverage.

Advanced analytics allow healthcare providers to tailor communication strategies based on patient preferences and behaviors. Personalized reminders, educational content, and follow-up messages can significantly enhance patient engagement. These innovations enable healthcare providers to offer patientcentered care at scale, allowing for more efficient patient interactions.

Patient Engagement Challenges in the Tech Era

While integrating technology into health care provides numerous benefits for patient engagement, it also comes with its own challenges. It is important to address these challenges to ensure that technology improves rather than impedes, safe and effective patient engagement as well as patient care.

Advanced analytics allow healthcare providers to tailor communication strategies based on patient preferences and behaviors. Personalized reminders, educational content, and follow-up messages can significantly enhance patient engagement. These innovations enable healthcare providers to offer patient-centered care at scale, allowing for more efficient patient interactions

1. Safety Concerns

As the health care industry begins to rely more on technology, ensuring the safety and efficacy of these tools is critical. Patients and healthcare providers alike, must be confident that digital health solutions will provide accurate information and facilitate safe interactions.

For example, if a telehealth platform experiences downtime, patients may miss critical care appointments leading to miscommunication or missed care opportunities. Similarly, if wearable devices malfunction or provide inaccurate readings, patients may make ill-informed decisions about their health.

To mitigate these concerns, regulatory oversight into digital health technologies can

Patients should also be educated about their rights regarding privacy, how their data is being used, who owns the data, and safe practices on how to protect personal information. Clear policies and communication around data sharing practices will help to build trust between the patient and health tech industry

be helpful to ensure devices are meeting safety and efficacy standards.

Clinical validation of new technologies prior to implementation is paramount. Conducting such trials can help to identify issues with efficacy or communication prior to widespread adoption.

In addition, healthcare organizations should invest in robust IT infrastructure and perform regular system updates with and rigorous testing protocols. Contingency planning is also important to avoid disruptions in care. Ensuring that technology is user-friendly and

reliable is essential for maintaining patient trust and safety.

2. Privacy and Confidentiality

As healthcare increasingly shifts to digital platforms, concerns about privacy and confidentiality have increased. Data breaches can compromise sensitive patient information, leading to mistrust in the healthcare system. According to the Breach Level Index (A global database that tracks data breaches and measures the severity of the breach), healthcare organizations are prime targets for cyberattacks.

To combat these risks, healthcare organizations must implement stringent data protection measures, including encryption, multi-factor authentication, cybersecurity/secure access protocols to protect patient information, and regular security audits.

Patients should also be educated about their rights regarding privacy, how their data is being used, who owns the data, and safe practices on how to protect personal information.. Clear policies and communication around data sharing practices will help to build trust between the patient and health tech industry.

3. Digital Divide

Not all patients have equal access to health technology. Disparities in digital literacy and access to devices can lead to a digital divide that hinders patient engagement for those affected. Socioeconomic status, age, mobility, and geographic location can impact a patient's ability to use digital health solutions effectively and

exacerbate existing health inequities. Patients who lack familiarity with technology may feel overwhelmed or excluded from digital health initiatives.

To address this issue, communities and government agencies can prioritize inclusivity by developing outreach programs to raise awareness about available technologies and provide resources to ensure all patients have the opportunity to engage. Healthcare providers should consider offering training sessions to educate patients on how to utilize patient portals and telehealth services. Ensuring accessibility features for individuals with disabilities and providing multiple ways to access information (such as phone support or in person options) can help to ensure no patient is left behind.

4. Over-Reliance on Technology and Information Overload

While technology can enhance patient engagement for many, some patients may prefer face-to-face interactions and may feel uncomfortable discussing their health concerns through a screen.

Similarly, a plethora of digital health tools can overwhelm some patients, leading to disengagement. When faced with too many options, patients may feel confused about which tools to use, resulting in lower engagement and adherence.

To mitigate these challenges, healthcare providers are encouraged to maintain a balance between in-person and digital interactions, ensuring that patients receive the personalized

care they need.

In order to decrease the sense of being overwhelmed by endless options and mounting data, developers should opt for user-centered designs when creating health tech solutions. Clear instructions with intuitive interfaces can simplify the user experience and encourage patient engagement.

5. Health Literacy

Not all patients possess the necessary health literacy skills to navigate digital health tools effectively. Patients with low health literacy may struggle to understand medical terminology or the functionality of health apps.

To combat this, healthcare organizations should focus on providing patient education at a broadly accessible literacy level. This information should enhance digital literacy, ensuring patients feel empowered to use these technologies confidently.

Strategies to Enhance Patient Engagement

As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, organizations must implement strategies that prioritize patient engagement. Here are several approaches that can be adopted:

Personalized Communication

Engagement can be significantly enhanced by tailoring communication to meet the specific needs of the patient. Healthcare providers should strive to understand their patients’ preferences, health literacy levels, and cultural backgrounds.

Personalized communication fosters a sense of connection and understanding, which encourages patients to participate actively in their care.

Encourage Feedback

Creating channels for patients to provide feedback is essential for improving engagement. Healthcare organizations should actively solicit input from patients regarding their experiences with technology and care delivery. This feedback can be used to inform ongoing improvements and help identify potential barriers to engagement.

Health Education and Resources

It is vital to provide educational resources that empower patients to understand their health conditions and treatment options. Organizations can develop comprehensive educational materials, host webinars, and offer workshops that cover various health topics. Patients armed with knowledge are much more likely to engage proactively in their care.

Foster Collaborative Relationships

Developing a collaborative relationship between patients and healthcare providers is essential when working to improve effective engagement. Providers should actively involve patients in decision-making processes and respect their preferences and values. This approach enhances patient satisfaction and also leads to better health outcomes.

Leverage Data Analytics

Robust data analytics can help healthcare organizations identify trends in patient engagement and outcomes. By analyzing patient data, providers can tailor interventions and outreach strategies to better meet the needs of their populations. Data-driven insights lead to a more informed organization. This valuable information can assist in identifying vulnerable populations and serve as a tool to address healthcare disparities.

Future Directions in Patient Engagement

The future of patient engagement in the health tech era is promising. Emerging technologies and innovative approaches will continue to reshape the patient’s experience, making it more personalized and accessible.

Personalized Medicine

As genomic sequencing and personalized medicine advance, patient engagement will evolve to include individualized treatment plans based on a patient’s genetic makeup. This approach requires active participation from patients in understanding and managing their treatment options.

Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality

These technologies have the potential to enhance patient education and engagement significantly. For example, VR can provide immersive experiences that allow patients to visualize their treatment processes or understand their conditions more deeply.

Community-Based Engagement Platforms

Social determinants of health are increasingly recognized as vital to patient outcomes. Future platforms may incorporate community resources and support systems, allowing patients to engage not just with their healthcare providers but also with community health initiatives and support networks.

Collaborative Care Models

The future of patient engagement will likely include more collaborative care models, where patients work in tandem with multidisciplinary teams. These teams can include doctors, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, and even peer advocates, all collaborating to optimize patient care.

Conclusion

In today’s health tech era telehealth, wearables, patient portals, and many other digital innovations hold immense potential for increasing patient engagement and improving healthcare outcomes. However, the challenges posed by safety, privacy, and confidentiality must be addressed proactively. Implementing security measures, ensuring clear communication of policies, and fostering patient education can assist in mitigating these challenges. Embracing and safely incorporating technological advancements will revolutionize the healthcare industry, paving the way for a more engaged and informed patient population.

AUTHOR BIO

Dr. Carol Nwelue is an innovative physician leader. As the Founder and CEO of Advantage HCS, Dr. Nwelue and her team work closely with health care organizations and health technology companies to improve safety, efficiency, and health outcomes.

Handheld Ultrasound Devices Standard Ultrasound Machine Vs

Ai Phi Thuy Ho Cardiology Specialist, Hospital Kalnes Trust

Handheld ultrasound devices and compact pacemaker/ICD programmers are revolutionizing healthcare. These portable tools enable quick, on-the-spot diagnostics and easier management of cardiac devices, saving time and making care more accessible. As technology advances rapidly, these innovations are becoming essential in transforming how medical care is delivered.

The Rapid Evolution of Medical Technology

Isn’t it incredible how quickly medical technology is advancing? It’s completely transforming the way doctors diagnose, monitor, and treat patients every day. Imagine this: ultrasound machines are shrinking so much that they can now fit right in your pocket! What used to take up an entire room is now a sleek,

handheld device that doctors can carry around, making instant, on-the-go diagnostics easier than ever.

And that’s not all. For those working with pacemakers and implantable cardioverterdefibrillators (ICDs), there are exciting new tools on the horizon. Picture this: programming a pacemaker without having to push around bulky machines. These new developments are set to save time, reduce physical strain on physicians, and enhance patient care. It’s not just about making things more convenient –it’s about revolutionizing healthcare delivery to be more streamlined and effective for both patients and providers.

The future of medical technology is here, and it’s bringing incredible changes that make healthcare more accessible, efficient, and patient-centered. Exciting times are ahead, and these innovations are just the beginning!

The Ultrasound Revolution

When you think of ultrasound, you probably picture that fuzzy black-and-white image of a baby in the womb. But ultrasound is so much more than that. It's a tool that helps doctors answer important questions like, “Is there fluid around the heart or lungs?” or “Does this patient have heart failure or kidney issues?” It’s crucial for diagnosing all sorts of conditions.

In the past, these ultrasound machines were huge and heavy, making it a hassle to move them around. Imagine trying to wheel one of those into a crowded emergency room – it wasn’t exactly easy. But things have changed in a big way. Now, we have handheld ultrasound

devices that fit right in your hand. These little gadgets are making a big impact.

Whether you're in a busy hospital or out in a rural clinic, these handheld ultrasounds are lifesavers. Paramedics use them to make quick diagnoses on the go, especially in trauma situations. And while the bigger machines still give you the clearest images, these handheld versions are catching up fast. They’re perfect for quick check-ups and making sure patients get the right care right away.

Shrinking Pacemaker/ICD Programmers

But it’s not just ultrasound that’s getting a makeover. Pacemaker and ICD programmers have also shrunk down from being giant machines to something you can carry in your pocket. It’s pretty amazing when you think about it.

These programmers used to be big and clunky, and moving them around wasn’t fun. Now, some are so small they can connect to a tablet, like an iPad, making it super easy for doctors to tweak the settings on a pacemaker or ICD. This isn’t just about convenience – it’s about giving doctors the tools they need to help patients faster and more efficiently.

Why Smaller is Better

There's more to this than just shrinking the size of machines. For healthcare providers, not having to haul heavy equipment around is a big relief. It’s better for their health, and it lets them focus more on what really matters – taking care of patients.

Gone are the days of lugging around bulky equipment that strains your back and eats up time. Today’s handheld ultrasound machines and compact pacemaker programmers are light, easy to carry, and can be used right at the patient’s bedside. This not only reduces physical strain but also speeds up the entire process, allowing doctors to focus more on patient care and less on managing cumbersome tools. For example, instead of wheeling a large ultrasound machine down endless hallways, a doctor can now pull out a pocket-sized device and get real-time images in seconds. The same goes for pacemaker programming – what used to require a heavy console can now be done with a small device connected to a tablet. These innovations make a world of difference, especially in fast-paced or emergency settings where every second counts.

In emergencies, every second matters. Handheld ultrasounds and portable pacemaker programmers allow for immediate diagnosis and treatment. For example, a paramedic with a handheld ultrasound can assess a trauma patient

right at the scene, which can be critical in saving lives. That can make all the difference in an emergency.

Smaller devices can also be less intimidating for patients, especially in stressful situations. They allow for quicker, less invasive diagnostics, reducing the anxiety and discomfort associated with larger, more complex machines.

But it’s not just about convenience. These smaller devices also help reduce work overload. With more portable tools available, doctors can perform diagnostics on the spot, see more patients in a day, and even collaborate with colleagues instantly by sharing data wirelessly. This kind of efficiency lightens the workload and helps prevent burnout, making healthcare more sustainable for everyone involved.

Additionally, smaller devices can be more cost-effective, reducing both the upfront costs and ongoing maintenance expenses. This makes advanced medical technology more accessible to a wider range of healthcare facilities, including those with limited budgets.

Challenges of Going Smaller

The shift to smaller devices brings significant benefits, but it’s not without its challenges. Miniaturized devices often struggle with battery life, especially when used for extended periods. Ensuring these devices have enough power to operate continuously can be challenging, particularly in emergency situations where there's no time to recharge.

While handheld ultrasound devices and other small medical tools are rapidly improving,

they still generally can’t match the image resolution and detail provided by their larger counterparts. This limitation can be critical in certain diagnostic situations where the highest level of detail is crucial.

Smaller devices, especially those that are handheld or wearable, are more prone to physical damage from drops, bumps, and general wear and tear. Ensuring these devices are durable enough for daily use in demanding environments is a significant challenge.

As these devices become more connected, often integrating with smartphones or cloudbased platforms, data security becomes critical. Protecting patient information while maintaining seamless connectivity is a complex and ongoing challenge.

Transitioning to smaller, more advanced devices often requires training and adaptation. Healthcare providers need to learn how to use these new tools effectively, which can be a hurdle in busy clinical environments where time for training is limited.

What’s Next: The Future of Medical Devices

The transition from large, stationary machines to small, portable ones is just the beginning. The future of medical devices is even more exciting as we move towards wearable technology. Imagine a world where monitoring and treating patients doesn’t require them to be tethered to a hospital bed or even to visit a clinic. We’re on the verge of seeing devices that are not only portable but wearable, allowing for continuous

monitoring and real-time data collection, no matter where the patient is.

In the near future, wearable ultrasound patches could become a reality, allowing patients to wear them for extended periods and enabling constant monitoring of vital organs without needing to visit a healthcare facility. These devices could transmit real-time data to doctors, alerting them to potential issues before they become serious. The possibilities are endless – wearable ECG monitors, blood pressure sensors, and even glucose monitors are already making waves, seamlessly integrating into patients’ daily lives.

Wearable pacemakers and defibrillators could also emerge, giving patients greater freedom while still ensuring they’re under constant surveillance for any signs of trouble. These advancements would allow healthcare providers to respond immediately to any issues, potentially saving lives by catching problems before they escalate.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will likely play a significant role in these devices, analyzing the continuous stream of data and predicting

potential health issues before they occur. With AI and machine learning, wearable devices could learn a patient’s normal patterns and detect even the slightest deviations that might indicate a problem, providing an early warning system for both patients and healthcare providers.

The Big Picture: A New Era in Healthcare

As we move forward, the focus is on making healthcare more personalized and accessible. Smaller, portable, and wearable devices are leading this revolution, enabling continuous

care that goes wherever the patient goes. These innovations are not just about convenience; they’re about fundamentally changing how healthcare is delivered – making it more proactive, preventative, and patient-centered.

Imagine a future where a patient can leave the hospital with a suite of wearable devices that monitor their condition in real time, send updates to their doctor, and adjust their treatment on the fly. This isn’t science fiction – it’s a glimpse of what’s to come as medical technology continues to evolve.

The shift from big to small isn’t just a passing fad – it’s a total game-changer. Think about it: handheld ultrasounds, portable pacemaker programmers, and wearable medical devices are just scratching the surface. AI is here to stay, and it's up to doctors to lead the charge in mastering it. While AI can revolutionize healthcare, it’s crucial that it stays a tool in human hands, not the other way around. Physicians need to stay ahead of the curve to make sure AI works effectively and ethically for patients. These innovations are making healthcare more accessible and efficient, bringing the focus back to where it truly matters: on the patient.

Ai Phi is a cardiologist, entrepreneur, and true agent of change. As a medical doctor in Norway, she’s passionate about sharing her knowledge and skills with others. What really makes her heart sing? Revolutionizing medicine by introducing point of care ultrasound – a powerful tool she believes can truly change the world. Ai Phi is on a mission to make healthcare more accessible and effective, one innovative step at a time.

Unlock the Future of Healthcare Webinar Overview

On October 15th, 2024, healthcare professionals are invited to join an exclusive webinar titled "Are You and Your Data AI Ready?", presented by Kathleen Aller, Global Head of Healthcare Market Strategy at InterSystems.

This enlightening session is designed to prepare organizations to harness the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in an increasingly connected care world. As AI becomes a driving force in healthcare, this webinar provides crucial insights into AI readiness, data management, and bias mitigation.

Why You Should Attend:

1. Expert Guidance on AI in Healthcare: Kathleen Aller, a recognized leader in healthcare market strategy, will guide attendees through the fundamental concepts of AI, such as Narrow AI, Machine Learning, and Generative AI. The webinar will focus on how these technologies can revolutionize patient care and operational efficiency in the healthcare sector.

2. Critical Insights on Data Readiness: With a statistic from Gartner highlighting that only 5% of organizations feel their data is AI-ready, this webinar will help attendees understand the risks of starting AI initiatives without comprehensive, quality data. Aller will outline best practices for assessing your organization’s data landscape, identifying gaps, and ensuring that your data is AI-ready.

3. Real-World Use Cases: Attendees will explore real-world examples of how healthcare organizations have successfully implemented AI to improve patient outcomes and streamline operations. These use cases provide practical insights into the

transformative potential of AI in healthcare settings.

4. Strategies for Bias Mitigation: The webinar will cover the crucial topic of bias mitigation in data collection and AI algorithms. Aller will address how to identify and mitigate biases in data to ensure more equitable healthcare solutions.

What You Will Learn:

• Gain a deep understanding of key AI concepts, from Narrow AI to Machine Learning, and how they can enhance healthcare.

• Learn how to assess and prepare your data for AI adoption, ensuring it meets the necessary standards for comprehensive analysis.

• Discover best practices for managing, normalizing, and securing data to prevent AI failures.

• Understand the importance of mitigating bias in data to create fair and effective AI-driven healthcare solutions.

Interactive Q&A and Networking Opportunities

A key feature of this webinar is the interactive Q&A session, where attendees will have the chance to ask their questions and gain tailored insights from Aller. Additionally, there will be opportunities to connect with like-minded professionals in the healthcare AI community, allowing participants to expand their network and share best practices.

Who Should Attend?

• Healthcare Executives

• Data Scientists and Analysts

• IT Professionals in Healthcare

• Clinical Staff Interested in AI Applications

Conclusion

Don’t miss this opportunity to gain actionable insights and learn how to leverage AI effectively in your healthcare practice. This webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and tools needed to thrive in a future powered by AI. Register now to secure your spot and prepare your organization for an AIenabled, connected care world.

Digital Health and Wearable Technology

Digital health and wearable technology are transforming the healthcare landscape by enabling real-time monitoring and personalized care. Devices like fitness trackers and smartwatches are empowering patients to take charge of their health while providing clinicians with valuable data to enhance treatment plans. The question is: How do we balance the benefits of chronic disease management and preventative care against the challenges of data privacy and accessibility?

Vaishnavi Rathod

MD, Clinical Extern, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Aarti Desai

MBBS, Research Fellow, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Rohan Goswami

MD, Associate Professor, Consultant, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

“Wearables” encompasses technological devices designed to be worn on the body, serving practical purposes for users or caregivers. Examples include smart watches and sensory patches. This device monitors sleep, physical activity, and provides physiological data like blood glucose levels or heart rate and rhythm. Increasingly, health professionals utilize wearable devices to gather clinical data on patients. Patients themselves use this wearable digital health technology (DHT) for monitoring diseases, diagnostics, alerts and clinical care services typically through mobile apps or personal digital assistants. The technology is referred to in this series as “Wearable DHT”.

Types of the Wearable DHT:

Several wearable digital health technologies (DHT) devices are currently available. Here are some examples.

· Continuous vital sign monitoring – this device collects real-time health data, enabling timing, timely interventions and personalized patient care.

· Microfluidic patches – small adhesive patches that analyze body biomarkers providing personalized health sites while reducing the need for frequent tests.

· Wearable ECGs – available as smart watches, patches or handheld devices. This ECG syncs with apps that store data allowing physicians to review remotely. They promote proactive health management, early detection of stroke risk, self-awareness, and a healthy lifestyle.

· Respiratory rate monitors – provide realtime tracking of breathing, allow for early detection of health deterioration

while maintaining patient mobility. By distinguishing normal respiratory pattern from movement, this device enables proactive care and timely intervention, improving patient outcomes.

· Fall production devices – use sensors and machine learning to assess fall risk in real time. Worn around the waist or clothing, the monitor gait and balance, offering alert to prevent falls, particularly for the elderly and those with mobility challenges.

· Patient monitoring system for pressure injuries –examples like the LEAF system track, patient positioning to prevent pressure injuries. These wearable sensors, alert, healthcare staff for necessary positioning, improving adherence to protocols and reducing hospital acquired pressure injuries.

· Seizure detection devices – provide realtime alerts for seizure activity, helping to manage epilepsy. The night watch system, for example, generalized to chronic seizures, using heart rate and movement sensors, though it is less effective for other types of seizures.

· Insulin therapy devices – continuous glucose monitors, and insulin pumps have revolutionized diabetes management. These devices work together to monitor glucose levels and deliver insulin automatically, creating an artificial pancreas system that improves glucose control and reduces the need for frequent interventions.

· Continuous AI signaling processing – particularly useful for individuals with medical conditions

or those in high-risk environments. These devices monitor physical activity and process ECG signals continuously.

· Electronic health record integration – generate real-time data providing a comprehensive view of patient health, improving data accuracy, addressing privacy concerns, and tracking metrics like heart rate, sleep qualities, steps, and COVID-19 symptoms.

· AI patient monitoring - by processing data rapidly, AI power devices can deliver prescriptive and preventive care, reducing healthcare costs, and easing the burden on providers.

· AI-powered robotic prosthetics – using reinforcement learning, these prosthetics adapt to the users' movements, enhancing functionality and improving the quality of life for individuals with disabilities.

· AI-driven predictive analytics – these devices analyze data in real time, anticipating health issues before they escalate. This enables proactive interventions, optimize patient outcomes, reduces hospitalization and lessens the burden on providers.

· Wearable biosensors – these devices detect subtle changes in biomarkers like cortisol levels, providing real-time data for stress management. They allow for targeted interventions, improving patient outcomes.

· Sensor-Embedded Smart Fabrics – these fabrics continuously monitor vital signs and movement offering non-invasive help tracking and reducing the need for clinic visits, improving patient convenience and

providing healthcare providers with valuable insights.

· Smartwatches for cardiac care – capable of performing electrocardiograms and detecting irregular heart returns. These devices are major advancements in remote care offering real-time health monitoring and improving diagnostic accuracy.

· Epidermal technology – Comfortable skin patches provide continuous health reading. Physicians can assess near real-time data for quicker intervention and AI. Analyze this data for personalized care, reducing clinic visits.

· Hyper personalized technology- Leveraging AI and machine learning, these devices offer tailored recommendations based on individual health goals and preferences. They motivate users to make healthier choices, enhance appearance to wellness plans and improve health outcomes.

Benefits:

Based on this overview, the expert key issues and concerns related to the use of the above for four main functions: monitoring, screening, detection, and prediction.

Monitoring is the fundamental function of wearables, typically performed by devices like wristbands, patches, watches, and clothing. It involves continuous data collection from individuals, whether from the general population or specific subsets. Wearables are particularly effective for this purpose because they can track a range of biomedical processes depending on the sensors used. Their constant use makes them ideal for remote and continuous monitoring, significantly improving tele monitoring capabilities. Wearables have been instrumental in monitoring vital metrics, such as heart rate, physical activity, and oxygen saturation, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conjunction with telehealth systems, they have also been employed for remote monitoring of at-risk individuals to assist in early diagnosis and hospitalization when necessary.

Screening refers to identifying specific conditions within data sets, collected through monitoring. Wearables, often equipped with passive sensors, measuring motion, steps, pressure, sound, and other variables, have been used in screening for conditions, such as atrial fibrillation, sleep, apnea, and cardiovascular diseases. For example, wearable garments can monitor sleep and screen individuals for sleep apnea by detecting irregular breathing patterns.

Detection is closely linked to screening and involves analyzing wearable data to identify potential. Biomedical conditions can detect patterns that indicate specific health issues and alert users. For example, smart watches have been used to detect actual fibrillation through heart rate monitoring. In some cases, wearables integrate symptom data to enhance the detection of infections, such as COVID-19 or seasonal influenza. Detection often intersects with both monitoring and screening, as seen in smart watches, used to monitor population for irregular pulses and subsequently screen for atrial fibrillation.

Prediction involves using wearable data to infer future health trends, or events. Although fewer wearable devices are currently employed for this function, they show great potential in predicting mortality, clinical risk, and hospital readmissions. Wearables have also been tested for predicting COVID-19 infections days before symptom, onset, and predicting exertion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For instance, accelerometer data from wearables has been used to predict biological age and mortality.

These four functions – monitoring, screening, detection, and prediction – are often interlined, with many devices capable of performing more than one function. Understanding these roles helps clarify both the strength and the limitations of wearable technologies in healthcare.

Limitations and Probable solutions:

In his article, Stephano Canali, and colleagues

addressed four main concerns – data, quality, balanced estimation, health, equity, and fairness – while proposing solutions, such as establishing local quality standards, improving interoperability, and enhancing accessibility and representativeness.

Data Quality:

Monitoring through wearables offers great potential due to the continuous and personal data they collect, but a major issue lies in the inconsistency of the data quality. Reliable data is vital for scientific validity and ethical research, but wearable devices often vary Incentive types and data collection methods, making it hard to set universal quality standards. For instance, measurements like oxygen saturation can differ depending on the device (e.g. Wrist, finger, ear) and the sensor's technology. This variability poses challenges for ensuring accurate data. Regulation, such as classifying wearable as medical devices based on clinical validity, could improve reliability. Poor data quality can disproportionately impact vulnerable populations, such as heart patients who rely on wearables to monitor serious conditions or low-income users for whom wearables may be their primary healthcare tool. Therefore, data quality must be evaluated in the context of how and where these devices are used, requiring more transparency in how wearable data is collected, analyzed, and stored. To address these issues, common local data, quality standards and frameworks like FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reuse) should be adopted.

Balanced estimations:

Wearables used for health screening and prediction face issues with overestimation and over prediction. For example, wearable devices like Fitbit can detect changes in heart rate or body temperature that might signal COVID19, but these indicators can also reflect other conditions like the flu. This leads to miss diagnosis and unnecessary anxiety for users. Overestimation of health issues can divert resources away from actual emergencies, leading to imbalances in healthcare. Interoperability – ensuring that wearable data can be integrated with other health data – could help reduce these errors. Higher interoperability would enable comparison between wearable data and other diagnostic tools, helping mitigate over estimation. However, integrating bearable into healthcare systems, present challenges, including staff, training to handle various devices and software differences.

Health Equity:

Wearable devices hold great potential for advancing, personalized and precise medicine, but access to the benefits of this technology is not equal. While wearables can track personal health and fitness, their advantages are often monopoly by large companies such as Apple and Google rather than individual users. Moreover, some users may not be interested in or may find the data confusing or stressful. To ensure equitable access to digital health, the use of wearables must be critically examined in public health policies

to prevent the exclusion of those who opt out of using the technology.

Cost-Effectiveness of Wearable DHT:

Fairness:

The current use of payables in healthcare may disproportionately favor certain groups while excluding others, raising concerns about fairness. For instance, wearables are promoted for monitoring the elderly or patients needing to avoid hospital visits, yet these groups often lack access to such technology. Similarly, children and adolescents may have a varying level of access based on factors like social, economic status and availability of related technologies like smartphones. To ensure fairness, we must prioritize the inclusion and representation of all population groups in wearable, technology, technology, particularly in public health initiatives. Additionally, the context in which wearables are used should be considered, as some populations may benefit less from early detection tools like wearables if other healthcare resources, such as affordable testing, are not available.

Digital health and wearable technology are revolutionizing healthcare with real-time monitoring and personalized care, offering significant benefits in business management and preventive care.

Gioacchino D. De Sario Velasquez and colleagues conducted a search on March 28, 2023, and identified 10 studies published between 2012 and 2023 from various global locations. The studies suggest that wearable technologies can improve quality adjusted life years, cost-effective, and even cost saving, though their cost-effectiveness depends on factors, such as the type of device, health condition, and local payment structures. Some wearables, like RespiraSense and LEAF Patient Monitoring System, were found to be more effective and less costly than other alternatives. However, cost-effectiveness threshold varies by country, influencing the adoption of this technology. Studies showed a 66% to hundred percent likelihood of wearable being cost-effective. In many scenarios, the sum studies did not report this, highlighting a gap in current research. The findings emphasize that the cost effectiveness of variables is context specific and should be carefully evaluated. More research is needed to fully understand the long-term benefits and the risk of this technology and provide a stronger evidence base for healthcare providers and policymakers.

In conclusion, digital health and wearable technology are revolutionizing healthcare with real-time monitoring and personalized care, offering significant benefits in business management and preventive care. Devices like fitness, trackers and smart watches enhance

patient outcomes and streamline healthcare delivery by enabling continuous monitoring and proactive interventions.

However, challenges such as data, quality, health prediction, accuracy, and technology, access disparity need to be addressed. Ensuring data reliability, balancing health predictions, and promoting equitable access are crucial for maximizing the benefits of the wearables.

While wearables show promise in being cost-effective and potentially cost saving, their effectiveness varies based on the device type, health conditions, and local economic factors. Further research should focus on understanding the long-term impacts and risk of the viewable technology to better inform healthcare providers and policy makers.

References are available at www.europeanhhm.com

Dr. Aarti Desai is a Research Fellow in the Division of Heart Failure and Transplant at Mayo Clinic, Florida. She is from Canada and attended medical school at the Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), India. She is interested in the integration of AI in primary care concerning preventative medicine and managing chronic illnesses. She looks forward to starting her residency in Internal Medicine in 2025.

Dr. Vaishnavi Rathod is currently a clinical extern at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. She completed her medical education and postgraduate training in internal medicine at Medical College Baroda, India. Passionate about advancing her career in the U.S. healthcare system, she is applying for Internal Medicine residency, with a long-term goal of becoming a hospitalist with a special focus on cardiology. Dr. Rathod is deeply interested in the latest innovations, digital technology, and AI and their contribution to revolutionizing healthcare by improving patient outcomes, diagnosis, and treatment protocols.

Dr. Rohan Goswami is a Transplant Cardiologist practicing at Mayo Clinic in Florida. He is a graduate of the American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine and completed his internal medicine residency at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons –Stamford Hospital, a cardiology fellowship at The University of Tennessee Memphis, and a Transplant Fellowship in 2017 at Mayo Clinic in Florida. He has a keen interest in clinically focused artificial intelligence research to improve outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure. He has published articles in the field of both heart transplantation and artificial intelligence, as well as presented at Ai4 in 2020 on the future impact of AI in healthcare and invited lectures at the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation from 2021 to 2023. He looks forward to one day utilizing AI integration to prevent organ failure.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence Advancing Health Equity and Addressing Disparities

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most prominent cutting edge technologies in shaping innovation of the healthcare delivery. It can deliver solutions to some of the daunting health disparities and inequities. This paper will discuss how AI is used to further improve health equity, identifying real examples of improved access to care, precision diagnostics, and personalized medicine. Through a review of quantitative data in health disparities and the findings from AI interventions, this study examines the effectiveness of AI in mitigating these problems. Finally, ethical considerations and policy implications are discussed, with the development of inclusive data practices and equitable distribution of technologies as the only ways to prevent further aggravation of the disparities.

Preet Kukreja

MBA, MHA, FAPM Director, Population Health Initiatives

Health equity is seen to imply equal opportunity for all to realize their full health potential. In the same breath, disparities in health are common; as a matter of fact, they are most pronounced among racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. AI offers an unrivaled opportunity for bridging this gap by processing lots of data and recognizing patterns in them. It is equally important, however, that AI applications do nothing to exacerbate inequalities in health

further. This article discusses the role of AI in health disparity and equity improvement. We would analyze how the applications of AI have so far been deployed in the real world to identify and propose interventions in such areas as telemedicine, precision diagnosis, and personalized treatments, focusing on underserved populations.

Application of AI for Advancing Health Equity

1.

Telemedicine and Remote Monitoring

The lack of access to health care, particularly in medically underserved rural and urban areas is one of the leading causes of the health disparities. This has become one of the key applications of AI-based telemedicine. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the application of telemedicine surged to afford access to medical consultations even for the most marginalized populations. Weigel et al. in 2020 demonstrated that the usage of telemedicine increased by 154% within the initial pandemic period, while the biggest expansion took place among Medicaid beneficiaries and especially those coming from low-income communities. AI technologies make possible the remote diagnosis, management of chronic diseases, and monitoring of patients, especially diseases like diabetes and heart conditions that are prevalent in low-income communities. AI-powered mobile health units are deployed in rural villages in developing nations like India to provide muchneeded maternal and infant health care, thus reducing mortality rates significantly.

2. Precision Diagnosis

This deeply profoundly holds a promise that will help in improving diagnostic accuracy, especially in resource-poor settings. Amongst other examples, AI models trained on medical imaging have shown remarkable performance against diagnosed diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), diabetic retinopathy, or breast cancer in areas of very limited access to specialists. For instance, AI-powered TB detection systems using chest X-rays have been deployed in sub-Saharan Africa, greatly enhancing diagnostic accuracy with minimal diagnostic delay in the most underserved parts of the world. The same technologies have also been deployed in the US to screen for diabetic retinopathy among low-income and minority populations where access to ophthalmology services is poor.

3. Personalized Medicine

AI is also revolutionizing personalized medicine: treatments could be customized as Artificial intelligence holds the promise to revolutionize healthcare, but only if it is developed and deployed with equity in mind. By addressing biases in data and ensuring equitable access to AIpowered technologies, we can harness its potential to improve health outcomes for all, regardless of race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.

per individual's profile, based on his or her genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Minorities have always been underrepresented in clinical trials which eventually translates into less effective treatments for those groups. AI will bridge this gap through analyzes of big data sets, hence coming up with more personalized and effective treatments for the marginalized communities. AI can help bridge this gap by analyzing big datasets and coming up with more personalized and effective treatments for the marginalized communities.

In fact, it was noted in the study by Esteva et al., 2021, that the use of AI algorithms had already been documented in the management of ethnically diverse patients with breast cancer. AI can be used to customize treatment, thus reducing variation in treatment. Predictive capabilities enabled AI to allow clinicians to modify treatment plans according to patientspecific genetic markers that improve outcomes for the traditionally underserved population.

Quantifying Health Disparities and the Impact of AI

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report significant health disparities continue along racial and socioeconomic lines in the United States. African Americans are at a 60% higher risk than white Americans to develop diabetes, whereas chronic liver disease kills Hispanic populations at nearly twice the rate as non-Hispanic whites. Several AI interventions have shown considerable promise in reducing such disparity. AI interventions have shown

promise in reducing these disparities. A study published by the World Health Organization, 2022 identified that AI-enabled healthcare systems reduced amputations due to diabetes by 25% in low-income communities. Similarly, AI algorithms used in asthma management programs reduced emergency hospital admissions by 20% among children from disadvantaged urban environments.

Ethical Considerations

Yet in spite of its enormous potential in healthcare, serious ethical questions have certainly arisen. First, algorithms developed from partial or biased data tend to emerge with biased decisions themselves. Incomplete or biased datasets used to train AI systems may lead to perpetuation or exacerbate health disparities. For example, Obermeyer et al. in 2019 demonstrated that a commercially deployed algorithm commonly used in an attempt to help prioritize resource allocation for patients with particularly high health needs substantially under-estimated the needs among Black patients due to biased data.

This gets even more exacerbated by the "digital divide," whereby so many low-income and rural populations lack the technological wherewithal to benefit from AI-driven healthcare solutions. For that reason, policymakers and healthcare organizations should extend comprehensive efforts in seeing to it that the AI models are trained on diverse data, with equal access to those technologies by the marginalized population.

Policy Implications

Realization of the full potential of AI for health equity, however, would require comprehensive policy frameworks. The policies should capture the areas of inclusive design of AI, data protection, and distribution of technology in an equitable way. Useful models for assuring ethics in AI in health care include the transparency, data privacy, and accountability for development and deployment of AI technology presented in the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation. In the U.S. useful complementary guidance is presented by the Department of Health and Human Services for reducing bias in algorithms while assuring equity in health care delivery.

Future Directions

In the future, AI is expected to emerge in health care in the development of deep learning and data analytics. Such technologies can serve to enhance diagnostic equipment to make it more accurate, reach out for personalized treatment, and offer better coordination of care across populations. Health equity can only be achieved if artificial intelligence applications are developed with inclusivity in mind and are implemented as such. It means investing in infrastructure that will deliver AI-powered healthcare to under-resourced communities and ensuring AI models reflect diverse demographics.

Conclusion

Artificial Intelligence has immense potential

to further health equity and reduce health disparities. This could be brought about through three main routes: via improved access to care, better diagnostic accuracy, and allowing more personalized treatments to reduce the greater disease burden on marginalized populations. In contrast, realizing this potential calls for great attention to ethical issues, inclusive data practices, and equitable policy frameworks. Only by addressing these concerns can AI contribute to a truly more just and equitable healthcare system.

AUTHOR BIO

Preet Kukreja is a distinguished Public Health Leader with expertise in addressing public health emergencies, community health needs, health disparities, and social determinants of health. She is passionate about serving medically underserved, and marginalized communities through implementation of public health programs to advance health equity. Her work has been recognized by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene for advancing health equity and preventing COVID-19 in New York City through the Public Health Corps. She has also been recognized as one of the Top 25 Emerging Leaders by Modern Healthcare for significant contributions to the culture of innovation and transformation in the field of healthcare.

AI & MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE

Challenges and Opportunities

Aarti Desai

MBBS, Research Fellow, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Jose Ruiz

MD, Senior Associate Consultant, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Rohan Goswami

MD, Associate Professor, Consultant, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic

Imagine a future where your doctor’s insights are powered by Artificial Intelligence, your diagnosis and complications are predicted before they happen, and your treatment is tailored by algorithms designed to find the best therapy for you. AI and machine learning are reshaping healthcare via unprecedented biological data processing, paving the way for a new era in patient care.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) - sounds like the plot of a sci-fi movie featuring robot uprising, right? Well, it's more subtle and thankfully, we don’t need to be tech wizards to understand how they work and

how they are already shaping the world around us. From Smart homes to personalized shopping and Netflix suggestions, AI is already integrated into our daily lives.

AI refers to software and computer systems that can perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence such as problem-solving, translation, and decision making. ML is a subset of AI that focuses on ‘learning’ from data to identify patterns that may go unnoticed by human observation. A vast amount of data is entered into a deep neural network which ‘learns’ the data and identifies patterns. Once trained, AI/ML offers a detailed analysis of additional new data. For instance, after analyzing thousands of ECGs, AI/ML can analyze a newly entered ECG to estimate the age of a person based solely on their ECG data. The end result is an AI-generated heart age that may differ from the individual’s chronological age and provide insights into their cardiovascular health.

Benefits of integrating AI and ML in healthcare

The integration of AI and ML into healthcare aims to enhance patient experience, outcomes, and elevate the capabilities of physicians to deliver high-quality patient care efficiently. Integrating AI into electronic medical record (EMR) systems allows for efficient and standardized history taking, clinical notes, laboratory results processing, and imaging interpretation, allowing tailored screening and management recommendations.

AI predictive analysis uses patient histories and medical data to stratify highrisk patient groups and prognosticate potential complications to allow early action and prevent adverse events. For instance, a study showed that AI-ECG can successfully predict the development of atrial fibrillation in highrisk patients such as those undergoing liver transplantation guiding clinicians towards vigilant observation and possible preemptive action.

Drug development and research has also advanced significantly through machine

“I think the biggest role for AI, where I see it really helping transplant patients is to actually avoid transplant altogether. One of the things that we're working on is predicting who has heart failure and who's going to recover with certain therapies that we apply. And earlier prediction and understanding of, their environmental factors, their disease state, what medications they're on, what their biological trends look like, really may give us a better idea.”

Dr. Rohan M. Goswami Associate Professor and Consultant, Division of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Mayo Clinic,

Florida.

“We utilized AI-ECG analysis to successfully predict new-onset atrial fibrillation post liver transplantation. With AI and machine learning, our goal is to reduce the length of hospitalization, post-transplant complications and healthcare costs in solid organ transplant patients.”

Dr. Induja R. Nimma

Resident PGY3, Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Florida

learning which analyzes large datasets to create artificial models capable of predicting safety and efficacy of new drugs resulting in improved accuracy, cost reductions and elevate the field of personalized medicine.

Automation of administrative tasks such as patient scheduling and reporting allows clinicians and paramedical staff to dedicate more time to direct patient care. AI-powered

chatbots and virtual assistants can provide 24-hour medical support that allows patients access to medical information, perform symptom triage, track medication dosages and interactions, and provide mental health support by providing guided virtual therapy techniques, among numerous other uses. Remote monitoring with patient reporting and wearable technology can track and evaluate medical emergencies that may otherwise remain undetected until critical.

The most direct benefits of AI integration are observed as optimized clinician time, lower hospital admissions and lower healthcare costs. While the rising demand for personalized medicine, effortless communication between patients and physicians and cost reductions are driving AI integration, the implementation on a larger scale requires a multi-faceted approach and presents many challenges at all levels in healthcare management.

Challenges and Opportunities

The most observable challenge to AI integration is developing a user-friendly interface within existing EMR systems. AI tools should support clinical decision-making seamlessly, without disrupting patient care or prolonging patient visit times. They must be intuitive, efficient and customizable. Clinician learning curve, distrust in technology and concerns of reduced autonomy may also hinder the use of these features. Healthcare organizations must offer comprehensive

training and continued support to ensure successful integration.

AI and ML provide unprecedented data interpretation and analysis; however, data standardization is a key barrier to large volume, multi-site data exchange. Accurate data analysis and interpretation requires accurate, and complete datasets in consistent formats. This may be mitigated by establishing universal data-entry formats, interoperability between different EMR and AI models and the use of Application Programming Interface (APIs). This presents an opportunity for collaborative initiatives to develop industrywide standards with regulatory support, perhaps incentivize standardization.

Data and privacy protection also present significant challenges. To ensure continued patient trust, the consent process should be transparent and thorough, ensuring patients fully understand the use of their data and an option to refuse or withdraw consent for sharing of personal health information. Safeguarding data using enhanced encryption and anonymization is essential to comply with privacy regulations and adhere to ethical practices.

The most observable challenge to AI integration is developing a user-friendly interface within existing EMR systems.

The future of AI and ML in healthcare

Medical practice combines technical expertise with the irreplaceable qualities of empathy and compassion that requires a deep understanding of a patient’s unique circumstances. Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning are not designed to replace doctors, but to complement and enhance the strengths of both to create a streamlined and effective healthcare system resulting in better outcomes without compromising patient safety and experience. The future will see compassion and technology working in harmony towards enhanced patient-centered care.

Dr. Aarti Desai is a Research Fellow in the Division of Heart Failure and Transplant at Mayo Clinic, Florida. She is from Canada and attended medical school at the Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), India. She is interested in the integration of AI in primary care concerning preventative medicine and managing chronic illnesses. She looks forward to starting her residency in Internal Medicine in 2025.

Dr. Jose Ruiz is a Transplant Cardiologist at the Mayo Clinic in Florida. He is a medical school and completed his Internal Medicine residency at the University of Florida-COM. He completed his Transplant Cardiology fellowship at Mayo Clinic in Florida. Dr. Ruiz is actively involved in research studies involving temporary mechanical circulatory support, AI integration and non-invasive strategies to monitor graft dysfunction to improve outcomes and reduce the burden of endomyocardial biopsies. He looks forward to integrating AI to create a comparative analysis, algorithms, and new protocols to continue to enhance his field by improving guidelines and evolving the practice model.

Dr. Rohan Goswami is a Transplant Cardiologist practicing at Mayo Clinic in Florida. He is a graduate of the American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine and completed his internal medicine residency at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons –Stamford Hospital, a cardiology fellowship at The University of Tennessee Memphis, and a Transplant Fellowship in 2017 at Mayo Clinic in Florida. He has a keen interest in clinically focused artificial intelligence research to improve outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure. He has published articles in the field of both heart transplantation and artificial intelligence, as well as presented at Ai4 in 2020 on the future impact of AI in healthcare and invited lectures at the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation from 2021 to 2023. He looks forward to one day utilizing AI integration to prevent organ failure.

AI and machine learning (ML) are definitely here to stay, and can be fantastic tools for quicker and more accurate diagnoses. They spot patterns in complex cases that might be tricky for us doctors to see.

That said, we still need skilled clinicians and have a strong grasp of the basics, and there are rare cases and unique combinations of diseases and symptoms that technology might not capture.

Eirik Tjønnfjord Senior Consultant, Kalnes Hopsital and Rikshospitalet

1. Given your extensive experience in hematology, how do you currently integrate AI and machine learning into your daily clinical practice at Kalnes Hospital and Rikshospitalet? What specific applications have proven most beneficial?

In my work with benign hematology, particularly at the thrombosis and hemostasis clinic at Kalnes, we’re actively exploring how AI and machine learning can enhance our ability to predict the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). One of our ongoing studies is focused on improving the predictive accuracy of traditional tools like the Wells score by integrating AI. We’re using machine learning to analyze data from our thrombosis registry, known as TROLL, which contains detailed information on over 5,000 patients diagnosed with VTE since 2005. This data is still being collected and offers a robust foundation for our research. At Rikshospitalet, we’re leveraging AI and machine learning to optimize post-bone marrow transplantation care. Specifically, we’re using these tools to predict which patients can be safely managed in a home care setting and which require inpatient care. Additionally, we’re conducting a new study using machine learning to assess the benefits of early mobilization – like starting walking exercises soon after the transplant – and how group settings and scheduled appointments can impact recovery.

2. Could you elaborate on the ongoing studies you are involved in, particularly those focusing on machine learning for predicting thrombosis and personalized

treatment? What preliminary results or insights have you observed?

In our thrombosis research, we're particularly focused on improving how we predict and diagnose VTE (venous thromboembolism) in primary care settings. The goal is to avoid unnecessary hospitalizations for patients who don't have VTE. Right now, there are long waits for ultrasound and CT-scans in emergency departments. If we can develop better tools to predict and, when necessary, rule out VTE, many patients could be treated directly by their general practitioners without needing hospitalization or unnecessary imaging tests.

We're also utilizing the TROLL registry with machine learning to better identify which patients need prolonged anticoagulation, determine the appropriate dosage (whether full or reduced), and assess the risk of bleeding. This approach aims to ensure that the right patients receive the right treatment at the right time, for the right duration.

Preliminary insights suggest that if we improve our initial assessments – using tools like blood tests and the Wells score – we can save a significant amount of time and resources. However, there's still a lot of room for improvement, and it's crucial that we share this knowledge more widely.

3. In your opinion, what are the most significant advantages of using AI and machine learning in diagnosing complex hematological conditions, such as thrombosis or rare disorders like PNH and CAD?

I believe AI and machine learning offer two key advantages when it comes to diagnosing

rare diseases like PNH and CAD:

First would be faster diagnosis. Rare diseases often go undiagnosed for too long because they’re not immediately considered by specialists and doctors. AI can help by quickly identifying patterns and connections between symptoms across different organs, which speeds up the diagnostic process.

Second is personalized treatment. AI also plays a crucial role in deepening our understanding of these diseases, allowing us to deliver more personalized medicine. With the number of new and expensive treatments available, it’s often challenging to determine the right one for each patient. By using AI to analyze all relevant parameters, we can tailor treatments more effectively based on the complete clinical picture.

4. You mentioned that AI and machine learning cannot replace the nuanced judgment of experienced clinicians. How do you balance the use of these technologies with the need for human expertise in diagnosing and treating rare or complex cases?

I see AI and machine learning as powerful tools, but they work best when combined with human expertise. For example, in gastroscopy, you wouldn’t expect a trainee to achieve the same results with AI as an experienced gastroenterologist who has seen thousands of cases. However, when that experienced specialist uses AI, it can enhance the speed and accuracy of their work.

In hematology, we’re increasingly using machines to help read blood smears. While these machines are useful, they rely on archived images and might miss subtle

Focused on improving the predictive accuracy of traditional tools like the Wells score by integrating AI

abnormalities, especially at the edges of the smear where pathological cells often hide. This is why, as hematologists, we still need to take a second look if something seems off. AI can assist, but it’s the trained eye of an experienced clinician that ultimately makes the final call.

5. How do you address the limitations of AI and machine learning in recognizing patterns or diagnosing conditions that are not well-represented in existing datasets? What role does clinical knowledge play in overcoming these limitations?

AI and machine learning are incredibly powerful, but they’re only as good as the data they’re trained on. They excel at recognizing patterns in large datasets, but when it comes to rare diseases or smaller datasets, AI can struggle to make accurate diagnoses because there simply isn’t enough data to train it properly. In medicine, much of our work is about recognizing patterns and drawing on our experience. We often ask ourselves, "What did we do the last time we saw a patient with these symptoms?" Relying solely on AI means we miss out on that critical experience, and we can’t teach the machine what to look for in those unique or rare cases.

The most important thing to remember is that patients aren’t machines – they don’t always follow the expected patterns, and they might have multiple conditions that complicate the diagnosis. For instance, consider a patient with a pulmonary embolism. Typically, the symptoms include shortness of breath and chest pain when breathing deeply. But what if this patient also has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is always short of breath? It’s easy to mistake a worsening of their symptoms for just another COPD exacerbation. This is where clinical experience is invaluable – it helps us see beyond the obvious and consider all possibilities.

6. Can you discuss any specific challenges you’ve encountered when implementing AI-driven tools in your research or clinical practice? How have you addressed these challenges to ensure effective integration?

One challenge that really stands out involved a patient who came to our department with leukocytosis, but no signs of infection. He had been losing weight and feeling unwell for weeks, and my gut told me something was seriously wrong – possibly a hematological disease. We ran a blood smear, and the AI tool we use, called Cellavision, analyzed it and reported that everything looked normal. But when we manually examined the smear under a microscope, we found blasts – cells that are indicative of acute leukemia – all located in the outer part of the smear where the machine doesn’t typically scan.

If we had relied solely on the AI’s assessment, we might have missed this critical diagnosis. This experience reinforced for me that, even with advanced technology, if something doesn’t feel right, you need to double-check and often take a closer look yourself.

As a result, we’ve made it a practice to always double-check blood smears manually when the blood count is abnormal, ensuring that we don’t miss anything important.

7. What are the key factors that contribute to the successful use of AI and machine learning in clinical settings, particularly in terms of accuracy, reliability, and patient outcomes?

AI and machine learning are powerful tools that can help us make faster, more accurate

diagnoses, and identify patterns in complex patients who don’t fit the usual categories. But the key to their success is how they’re used – especially by experienced clinicians.

For example, when an experienced gastroenterologist uses AI during a gastroscopy, they might spot small changes that could easily be missed by the naked eye. However, it’s the doctor’s expertise that interprets the significance of those changes.

Similarly, an ECG machine can help interpret wave patterns, but it’s important to remember that it’s just a suggestion. The final interpretation must be verified by a doctor and should align with the patient’s symptoms, as it might simply be a normal variant.

In my field of thromboembolism, AI can assist in analyzing CT scans, but it can’t assess the patient’s symptoms. That’s where doctors and other healthcare professionals come in – they’re essential for ensuring that the AI’s findings make sense in the context of the patient’s overall condition.

8. How do you see AI and machine learning evolving in the field of hematology over the next decade? What advancements or changes do you anticipate, and how might they impact clinical practice?

I believe AI and machine learning will play an increasingly significant role in both diagnosing and determining treatment options. As we continue to discover more diseases, subtypes, and emerging mutations, AI will be invaluable in sorting through all the data to help pinpoint precise diagnoses and predict the best treatment options.

In the future, AI might take over tasks like

If you're thinking about integrating AI and machine learning into your practice or research, here's my advice: definitely go for it, but keep your critical thinking hat on.

interpreting blood smears, bone marrow smears, and even histopathological examinations. However, I still think professionals will be essential for double-checking and verifying AI’s findings. We’ll still need to perform bone marrow and blood tests, but who knows –maybe robots will assist us in those tasks too. The biggest impact will likely be that more samples and tests can be processed faster and more consistently. The technology is already there, but the cost is still a barrier for widespread use.

9. Given your role in educating healthcare professionals through your ultrasound online course company, how do you envision incorporating AI and machine learning into training programs for GPs, nurses, and paramedics?

This is definitely the future, and we’re already starting to see it in action. AI, along with social media and software, is making education more accessible, allowing more people to benefit from training. Instead of traditional one-on-one courses, we’re using AI and online platforms to teach from a distance. We can even be live on an ultrasound session with a student

in another country – this is incredibly useful, for example, in war zones where soldiers can perform scans under our supervision while we’re back in a hospital in Norway.

AI can also assist by flagging when something looks abnormal, but it’s crucial that we, as professionals, identify and interpret those abnormalities ourselves rather than relying solely on the machine.

10. What ethical considerations do you believe are essential when utilizing AI and machine learning in patient care? How can clinicians and researchers address issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the lack of emotional understanding in these technologies?

Absolutely, these ethical considerations are crucial. For instance, using AI to sift through various journals and find patterns can be tough. It's a lot simpler when AI is focused on one patient at a time, but then we have to ensure patient IDs are anonymized to protect privacy.

Another challenge is that AI struggles with rare or unique cases. It’s great with large datasets and broad patterns, but it can easily miss the outliers – the one-in-a-billion cases that don’t fit the norm. This is why AI should support, rather than replace, human expertise. And when it comes to the emotional side of care, AI just can’t replace the human touch. Many patients, especially the elderly, need someone who listens and provides comfort –sometimes just a simple hug or a kind word. They don’t need a machine to deliver tough news without any emotional support.

11. Could you provide examples of how AI and machine learning have improved patient management or decision-making in your field? Are there particular cases where these technologies made a significant difference?

Definitely! AI and machine learning have really changed the game for us. For instance, Cellevision has been a game-changer for screening blood smears. Instead of looking at every smear ourselves, AI helps us by flagging the ones that seem off or where the blood count raises a red flag. This way, we can spend more time on the cases that really need it and get through more smears, which helps us rule out diseases faster.

Another great example is how we use machine learning to figure out the risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). It lets us assess a patient’s risk right after their initial tests, so they don’t have to wait around for hours for an ultrasound. It speeds things up and makes the whole process a lot smoother for everyone involved.

12. In terms of research and collaboration, how do you work with interdisciplinary teams to enhance the development and application of AI and machine learning in hematology? What role do these collaborations play in advancing your studies?

In hematology, and specifically at Kalnes, we really rely on teamwork across different specialties to make the most of AI and machine learning. We partner with departments like radiology for ultrasound and CT scans, clinical medicine and pathologists for blood tests and

smears, and cardiologists for echocardiography. We also team up with the technical university, where experts in machine learning help us with the latest tech and methods. These collaborations are crucial for our success. As doctors, we’re great at clinical work, but when it comes to AI and tech advancements, we depend on specialists who really know their stuff. Working together with these experts allows us to stay on the cutting edge and get the best results from our research and applications.

13. What advice would you give to other clinicians and researchers who are considering integrating AI and machine learning into their practice or studies? What best practices and pitfalls should they be aware of?

If you're thinking about integrating AI and machine learning into your practice or research, here's my advice: definitely go for it, but keep your critical thinking hat on. AI can be a fantastic tool, but it’s important to remember that it's not infallible and shouldn’t be relied on blindly.

Always combine AI insights with your own clinical judgment. For example, we’re seeing more patients come in with whole genome sequencing results that suggest they have an increased risk of thrombosis. But when we dig deeper, we often find that these results also show genes that might lower the risk or even increase bleeding risk. So, it’s essential to consider the whole picture rather than just focusing on isolated bits of data.

In other words, treat AI as a valuable assistant rather than the final authority. It’s like the difference between a single vitamin and

a whole apple – you need the full context to really understand what’s going on.

14. How do you envision the future relationship between clinicians and AI technologies in healthcare? What is the ideal scenario for their coexistence and collaboration to improve patient care?

I see AI as a permanent and powerful ally in healthcare, and I’m excited about the potential it holds. The ideal scenario is one where AI and clinicians work hand in hand to enhance patient care. AI can definitely make things like diagnosing, treating, and personalizing medicine faster and more precise, which is fantastic.

However, it’s crucial that we don’t lose sight of the human side of healthcare. Patients need compassion, empathy, and support, things that AI just can’t provide. So, while we should fully embrace the benefits of AI, we must remember that it should serve as a tool to support us, not replace the essential human touch. We need to stay in control and ensure that AI complements our care, helping us to be more effective but not taking over the personal aspects of patient interactions.

AUTHOR BIO

Eirik Tjønnfjord, a senior consultant at Kalnes Hospital and Rikshospitalet in Norway, specializes in hematology with a particular passion for benign hematology and CLL, and leads several related studies. His work focuses on thrombosis and coagulation, and he has a special interest in rare conditions such as PNH and CAD. In addition to his clinical practice, he uses ultrasound in his work and, together with his wife, runs Norvue, an ultrasound company that teaches health workers.

Digital Health Telemedicine and Beyond

Digital Health: Telemedicine and Beyond describes practical ways to use digital health tools in clinical practice. With a strong focus on case studies and patient outcomes, this title provides an overview of digital medicine, terms, concepts, and applications for the multidisciplinary clinical practitioner. Chapters provide a concise, yet comprehensive understanding of digital health, including telemedicine, mHealth, EHRs, and the benefits and challenges of each. The book gives insights on risks and benefits associated with storing and transmitting patient information via digital tools and educates clinicians in the correct questions to ask for advocacy regarding state laws, scope of practice, and medicolegal implications.

It also addresses the ethical and social challenges that digital health raises, how to engage patients to improve shared decision-making models and how digital health tools can be integrated into clinical practice. This book is a valuable resource for clinicians and medical educators of all health professions, including physicians, physician associates, nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, students, and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge in the allied field.

1. With over two decades of experience in medicine, education, and digital health, how have you seen the landscape of digital health evolve? What are some of the most significant changes you've observed in the integration of technology into clinical practice? In my over two decades of practice, I have seen a shift from the cart to the cloud. By that I mean, when I was in training, I remember it was a person’s job to bring medical records from

Dr. Dipu Patel DMSc, ABAIM, MPAS, PA-C, Department of PA Studies, University of Pittsburgh

the records room in a cart to the requesting department. Today, electronic health records (EHRs) are in the cloud. The technological advancements and solutions that have led to modern medical practice are no small feat and they could not have been possible without innovation, policy, and frontline practitioners. The digital health landscape has evolved from a supplementary role to being fundamental to practice. The most powerful impact of digital health tools is that they truly allow for patientcentered care without compromising quality of care. Whether it be the use EHRs for seamless coordination of care, mHealth (mobile health) that empower patients to continue remain connected to their care, or artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) that allow for application of predictive analytics and early diagnosis, each have impacted our daily workflows as clinicians. And they will continue to do so. With each iteration, we will see a shift in practice style and consumer demand of the use of technology and we will have to continue to adapt and learn.

2. In the book, you discuss the various tools of digital health like telemedicine, mHealth, and EHRs. Could you elaborate on how these tools have reshaped the patient-physician relationship, particularly in terms of patient outcomes and shared decision-making?

As mentioned above, digital health tools have become fundamental to our practice. Digital health tools have reshaped our relationships with patients in terms of clinical decisionmaking and patient education. As we continue to see an expansion of this ecosystem, through the use of telemedicine and mHealth, we will

see increased adoption from patients. A good example of this adoption was telemedicine during the pandemic. Although telemedicine was not new, the rate of adoption increased due to circumstances and has truly shifted how we look at how, when, and where care is delivered. While rates of telemedicine have decreased in some areas, it continues to be the driving force for increased accessibility to mental health services. More work needs to be done in the policy and regulatory areas to make this tool the norm in other areas. Similarly, mHealth apps have empowered patients to take charge of their health. Everything from tracking fitness metrics to medication adherence is helping patients and providers make real time decisions about care. In my opinion, the next iteration of both these technologies will be AI-augmented clinical decision making based on predictive analytics and further integration of these tools in our daily lives, i.e. TVs, voice assistants, etc.

3. Telemedicine is often lauded for its ability to increase access to care. However, what are some of the practical challenges you’ve observed in its implementation, particularly in rural or underserved areas?

Great question! And this is a topic addressed in the book. As well as telemedicine has been leveraged through the pandemic, we are now starting to see some of the gaps. I think they fall into three broad categories, connectivity, access and trust, and regulations. Although we are as connected as ever, we are seeing gaps in internet coverage in our rural and underserved communities. This has several components; infrastructure, digital literacy,

and access. Each of these components has a multi-faceted approach that needs partnership between the private and public sectors. Second, patient trust in the healthcare system and access to care remain a challenge. If there is internet connectivity, it is not accessible when the patient needs it or in rural areas. Lack of clinician trust also remains high due to digital literacy, trust of technology and systems, and malpractice. Last but not least, regulatory red tape and lack of commitment to building for the future. We saw a relaxation of regulatory burdens during the pandemic to allow for care to be delivered virtually. As we are coming out of the pandemic, we are seeing a return to the “old way” of doing things. It seems that the lessons we learned from the pandemic are not being harnessed to improve regulations and policies; we have to do better.

4. The book addresses ethical and social challenges raised by digital health. What do you believe are the most pressing ethical concerns in the use of telemedicine and digital health tools today?

In writing the content and seeking the expertise for this book, I knew this was going to be one of the biggest areas of concern. Ethical and social concerns should always be at the forefront of any tool we utilize in the delivery of patient care but especially ones that we may not have a full understanding of (i.e. AI algorithms). Data security, patient privacy, and equal access to tools are all important aspects of digital health. Protecting patient data is of the utmost importance, especially in this day and age of cybersecurity threats.

Building a secure infrastructure and constantly monitoring it for threats should be part of the implementation plan for any organization or clinician. Furthermore, transparency on how decisions are made using AI algorithms should be explainable to patients.

5. How do you suggest clinicians balance the benefits of digital health tools with the potential risks, particularly concerning patient privacy and data security?

The framework of HIPAA and GDPR give us a good start as to how to think about privacy and data security. However, as we think about how data is now collected (by patients, in real time, continuously), we will need to think about more robust security measures to protect not only patient privacy but also the clinician’s ability to access information in a timely manner to provide care. For example, I think that EHRs are headed in the direction of using blockchain technology which will provide a more secure framework. Furthermore, organizations should think start thinking about how to make their IT infrastructure more stable and robust before they start implementing digital health tools. This is an investment in the future of work.

6. The book highlights the importance of understanding state laws and medico legal implications when using digital health tools. What are some common legal pitfalls that clinicians should be aware of when integrating these technologies into their practice?

Yes! We have a couple of chapters focusing on both the regulatory and legal aspects

of digital health. Every aspect of the digital health space has a “proceed with caution” sign, the area of law and medicolegal practice is no exception. Old policies, regulations, and laws are being challenged by new uses and application of the technologies.

When integrating digital health tools into their practice, clinicians must navigate several common legal pitfalls that can impact the quality of care and patient safety. First, licensing and jurisdictional issues are critical; clinicians must ensure they are licensed to practice not only in their own state but also in the state where the patient resides. This is especially important in telemedicine, where cross-state care is common. As we approach the end of some pandemic era policies, we need to be mindful of how we navigate the variety of licensing issues that we didn’t have to prior to the pandemic. Additionally, informed patient consent is of utmost importance. Clinicians need to ensure that patients are fully informed about the digital services they will receive, including any potential risks associated with data transmission over the internet.

7. As Vice Chair for Innovation at the University of Pittsburgh’s DPAS program, how do you see digital health tools, including telemedicine, being integrated into healthcare education? What skills should future healthcare professionals prioritize to stay ahead in the field?

Many institutions and programs are already embedding aspects of telemedicine education into their curricula. However, I don’t think it is

enough to “add” modules or single lectures. This may help with a transition as you re-envision the curriculum altogether. True digital health teaching requires a strategic approach much like many other aspects of digital transformation. Begin with your mission and goals and align your strategy of implementation with those goals. It’s also important to approach education in a multi-faceted manner and this should include stakeholder engagement. Ask your local organizations what skills they are looking for, what gaps are they seeing in the healthcare workforce, what future initiatives are they planning? Based on this data, crafting a curriculum, educating the educators, and recruiting students and faculty who align with your strategic plan are important.

Technological skills such as understanding the basics of machine learning, algorithm development, and data analysis will be as important as human skills like bedside manner (or “webside” manner), empathy, and compassion.

As a whole, I think the most important skills for the future will be adaptability and flexible thinking paired with curiosity; this applies to the teacher and the learner.

In the book, there are several chapters that speak to the use of AI tools in the classroom and how to best leverage them.

8. What innovations in digital health are you most excited about, and how do you foresee these impacting clinical practice and patient care in the next five to ten years?

I’m genuinely excited about several innovations in digital health that have the potential to impact clinical practice and patient care

over the next five to ten years. One of the most promising areas is AI-driven predictive analytics, which can analyze vast amounts of patient data to leading to truly preventive measures that can help mitigate downstream adverse effects. This shift from reactive to proactive care will not only improve patient outcomes but also reduce hospital admissions and healthcare costs. Additionally, innovations in remote patient monitoring are set to revolutionize how we manage chronic conditions. These tools enable continuous, real-time monitoring, giving patients greater control over their health while providing clinicians with the data they need to intervene early when necessary.

Another area that I’m excited about is the integration of AI with genomics. This pairing is already showing results and we are now on the cusp of seeing true practice of precision medicine. Precision medicine individualizes treatments based on each patient’s genetic makeup. This ensures that therapies

Dr. Dipu Patel, with over 24 years of experience, is deeply committed to medical education. Her leadership extends from academia to healthcare tech startups, where she has led provider-driven, patient-centered clinical pathways. As Vice Chair for Innovation and Professor at the University of Pittsburgh’s DPAS program, she focuses on quality improvement, innovation, and digital health. She is ABAIM certified and passionate about merging clinical expertise with technology to enhance patient care and education while maintaining the importance of a human touch.

are not only more effective but also reduce the risk of adverse reactions. Over the next decade, we’ll likely see these technologies become more embedded in routine care, making personalized medicine a standard practice. The impact of these innovations will no doubt change how we practice medicine but also how we teach it.

9. How do you foresee digital health tools impacting the future of primary care?

Although digital health tools will not address every issue in healthcare, they will impact how patient-centered care is delivered. Below I share an excerpt from a chapter that showcases some of the digital health tools that will augment our future practice. There are a number of challenges that we will need to overcome as healthcare professionals, patients, organizations, and regulatory bodies but we will see a shift in care that will be untethered from the walls of a clinic.

This may seem unreachable but with current digital health tools, it is a possibility. As a society we have to decide that this is the kind of care we want to receive and craft policies that make this attainable. To be clear, digital health tools will not solve all problems in healthcare but they can help improve many of them.

10. What are some strategies you recommend for clinicians who are struggling to get patients to adopt and effectively use digital health tools?

Actually, the issue is not getting patients

to adopt digital health tools, it’s getting clinicians to accept and adopt them! While I think there is much research needed as the various areas of digital health continue to grow, I do think that clinicians need to think about ways to begin adapting their practice to include digital health tools. For example, having a basic understanding of which health apps are available in the app ecosystem for patient use can help improve understanding of which apps can be helpful for treatment of chronic diseases and lifestyle modification. Not all apps are created equal and not all will apply to all patients. This is a true change in practice style and patient care; this is one example of how personalized medicine is becoming a reality.

11. Given your extensive experience, where do you see the future of digital health heading, particularly in maintaining the balance between technological advancement and the essential human touch in healthcare?

Digital health has become cemented into our work. The choice now is not whether to use or adopt the technology but which of the many tools are best for your practice. The future of digital health is bright. While technology will not solve all the problems in healthcare, it will change how we practice. Just as we saw a shift in practice when the internet became embedded into our practice as an information tool, we will see a similar shift in the use of digital health tools. The difference will be that patient-centered, personalized care will truly become a reality as the areas of AI and genomics will not only improve our knowledge base but

also our ability to apply the knowledge. As technology evolves, we will have to shift our approach from singular preventive visits that take place in the four walls of the clinic to a more holistic approach of truly learning from data within the patient’s environment. Our clinical touchpoints will expand beyond the clinic and into places where patients live, work, and play. In this manner, the human touch will continue to be part of healthcare and perhaps even more important than ever before.

12. What are you most proud of with regards to this book?

One of the aspects of the book that I am most proud of are the contributing and collaborating authors. A number of experts in the field contributed chapters but also budding clinicians and patients. For example, there are three chapters written by PA students, both at the doctorate and master’s level. Highlighting their opinions and work is important as they are the future leaders and practitioners in this space. They will be the ones who will deliver care using these tools and technologies and leverage them for better patient outcomes. Another chapter that is notable, is the chapter on patient perspectives. Patients are not only at the center of all we do as clinicians but also the driving force in adoption. Their voice has been important but will be even more important as technology evolves.

I am immensely honored to have been given the opportunity to bring the voices of clinicians, entrepreneurs, technologists, leaders, patients, innovators, and students to the classrooms and board rooms of tomorrow.

Advancing Thrombosis Care through PatientCentered Approache

AI and Machine learning is great new tools that have taken the world with storm over the last years. It has also found its place in medicine. I believe that these innovative tools will make the medicine better used in the right hands and with a critical view. At my work at the department of thrombosis and coagulation we use patient centered tools to improve the diagnosis and streamline the patient care.

Eirik Tjønnfjord Senior Consultant, Kalnes Hopsital and Rikshospitalet

In my work at the Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, we frequently see patients referred to the hospital with suspected DVT (deep venous thrombosis) or PE (pulmonary embolism). Unfortunately, they often end up waiting several hours – or even have to return the next day – for a leg ultrasound or a CT scan of the lungs.

This is particularly frustrating because DVT patients could be diagnosed and treated much more quickly if the physicians or nurses in the ER could perform ultrasounds themselves,

without having to wait for the radiologists. This becomes even more critical after normal working hours or on weekends, where faster diagnoses could save valuable time and reduce hospitalization.

At a partner hospital, they’ve implemented an education program where ER doctors are trained to perform ultrasounds. This initiative has reduced the time to diagnosis from 8 hours to just 2, allowing them to start treatment and discharge patients much faster. The benefits are clear: it saves time for doctors and patients, ensures quicker and more accurate treatment, and cuts down on hospitalization days and costs. Plus, it frees up the radiology department to focus on other important exams like CTs and MRIs.

With this new approach, patients can be examined, diagnosed, treated, and safely sent home within 2-4 hours. This is a significant improvement compared to the traditional process, where patients could wait anywhere from 6 hours to overnight.

If we could share this knowledge and expertise across all hospitals, we could help more patients, save time, reduce costs, and optimize space.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are advancing rapidly, and they offer incredible potential to optimize treatment and save time in a busy hospital setting. Combined with a patient-centered approach to diagnosis, these technologies are becoming essential as our population grows and people expect faster answers to their health concerns.

In today’s fast-paced healthcare environment, where everyone is working hard to provide the best possible care, it’s crucial to explore ways to improve and speed up diagnostic tools and decision-making processes. The way things have always been done needs to be put under the microscope, critically reviewed, and updated to meet the demands of the future. What was cutting-edge in 2023 might be outdated by 2024 and practically ancient by 2025. This also raises questions about who performs various tasks in hospitals – can we delegate certain responsibilities to other specialties or healthcare workers, such as nurses or paramedics?

In my role as a hematologist with a special focus on thrombosis and hemostasis, I’ve worked closely with other medical fields to ensure accurate diagnoses. This often involves collaboration with radiologists for ultrasounds and CT scans, cardiologists for pulmonary embolism cases, and general practitioners (GPs) for follow-up care.

With an aging population and increasing pressure to deliver quick and accurate diagnoses, the radiology department, like many others, is feeling the strain. CT, MR, and PET scans are in higher demand than ever, especially for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, and these procedures take up a significant amount of time due to their life-changing implications. However, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is another condition that must be taken seriously, as it can lead to more severe complications like pulmonary embolism if not recognized and treated promptly. In our busy emergency department, we’ve seen patients referred to the ER with suspected DVT who can wait up to 8-12 hours before an ultrasound is performed. While they are usually started on anticoagulation and sent home, with instructions to return the next day, this isn’t always practical – especially for older patients or those who live far away. If they have to stay overnight, they occupy a bed that could be used for more critically ill patients.

To address these challenges, we've launched a program to train emergency doctors to perform these ultrasound scans themselves. Their results are compared to the gold standard

set by radiologists and ultrasound technicians, and the outcomes have been impressive, even after a relatively short training period. The process is thorough: the ER doctors perform ultrasounds, which are then cross-checked by radiologists multiple times before the doctors are allowed to work independently.

Typically, an ER doctor will do 15-20 ultrasounds, after which a radiologist will perform the same scans without knowing the ER doctor’s results. If the ER doctor’s results match the radiologist's findings across all cases, the doctor then conducts another 15-20 ultrasounds independently, with the results still being verified by radiologists. Once they consistently achieve accurate results, they’re certified to perform DVT ultrasound investigations on their own.

With this new approach, patients can be examined, diagnosed, treated, and safely sent home within 2-4 hours. This is a significant improvement compared to the traditional process, where patients could wait anywhere from 6 hours to overnight. Sometimes, they were even sent home with instructions to return the next day, having waited for blood tests, vitals, and examinations by multiple healthcare providers before being placed on potentially risky medications.

New ER doctors are continuously trained by experienced colleagues, ensuring that they stay up-to-date while new trainees are brought up to speed. This approach not only saves time and effort but also streamlines the diagnosis and treatment process, ultimately saving money for the hospital and enabling us to help more patients.

Studies have shown that with practice, ER doctors can perform ultrasounds just as accurately as radiologists or ultrasound technicians. In other hospitals in Norway, like Skien, they’re even training acute care nurses to perform ultrasounds in the ER. This frees up ER doctors to focus on more critically ill patients, while nurses can quickly check ultrasound results and prescribe anticoagulation if needed.

These initiatives are win-win situations: hospitals save money, reduce hospitalizations, and speed up patient care, while radiologists can focus on more urgent cases. Perhaps most importantly, young doctors and healthcare workers, like nurses, develop new skills, boosting their confidence and motivation to continue working in what can be a demanding and challenging environment. This continuous learning and skill development help prevent burnout and keep talented professionals engaged in their work.

It’s

essential for health professionals to stay engaged with ultrasound regularly to keep their skills sharp.

So far, this program has been a great success at our hospital. It took some time to set up the education process and get the first group of doctors trained, but now things are moving much faster. Before long, experienced ER

doctors can even join the training and education team, helping to bring new doctors up to speed.

One key lesson we’ve learned is the importance of ensuring that the doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers involved have a genuine interest in learning and working with ultrasound. It’s essential for them to stay engaged with ultrasound regularly to keep their skills sharp. While I firmly believe – through my work with my partner at NorVue, where we create educational ultrasound videos – that anyone can learn to perform bedside ultrasound, it requires dedication. In my opinion, checking for DVT is one of the easiest ultrasound skills to learn, but becoming confident takes endurance, patience, and persistence. And to truly excel, it requires repetition and hands-on experience. Some of the doctors who were trained but don’t use ultrasound daily tend to lose that "feel" for it – they don’t have it in their fingertips anymore.

This is just one example of how point-of-care diagnostics can be incredibly useful in a busy hospital environment, but there are many others. For instance, surgical nurses could be trained to interpret X-rays for fractures, as seen in other institutions. At Akershus University Hospital, nurses perform bone marrow aspirations, a task that’s also done by medical students at Odense University Hospital in Denmark. General practitioners (GPs) can even be trained to perform ultrasounds, so patients don’t always have to come to the hospital at all.

The pace of healthcare is accelerating, and patients increasingly expect quick diagnoses

and treatments. Many have already turned to Google or other sources and might come in with their own ideas about what’s wrong. To keep up with these expectations and to help more people in less time, we need to develop new skills, delegate tasks where possible, and collaborate across specialties. By sharing knowledge and working together, we can better prepare for a future with a growing, longer-living population that demands more from our healthcare systems. Ultimately, we’re only as strong as the weakest link in our team, but by pulling together, we’re much more likely to succeed.

References are available at www.europeanhhm.com

Eirik Tjønnfjord, a senior consultant at Kalnes Hospital and Rikshospitalet in Norway, specializes in hematology with a particular passion for benign hematology and CLL, and leads several related studies. His work focuses on thrombosis and coagulation, and he has a special interest in rare conditions such as PNH and CAD. In addition to his clinical practice, he uses ultrasound in his work and, together with his wife, runs Norvue, an ultrasound company that teaches health workers.

AUTHOR BIO

Measuring the Impact of Field Medical Affairs

In the dynamic landscape of the biopharmaceutical industry, Medical Affairs stands tall as one of the three foundational pillars, alongside Research & Development and Commercial. The significance of Medical Affairs is not confined

to a specific phase of an asset’s lifecycle. Rather, it resonates throughout, profoundly influencing strategic decision-making and the ultimate success of therapeutic innovations. Despite its pivotal role, demonstrating the value of Field Medical Affairs has, to date, been a challenge due to its qualitative and non-promotional nature. In this white paper, Trinity Life Sciences embarks on a journey to reveal the multifaceted impact of Field Medical Affairs within the healthcare ecosystem and how this can be measured and communicated. As the paradigm has shifted with Medical Affairs firmly established as the third strategic pillar, there is an impetus among leadership to understand the return on investment and the overarching impact Field Medical Affairs has on the organization.

The unique ability of Medical Affairs to engage with a diverse spectrum of stakeholders throughout an asset’s lifecycle underscores their indispensable contribution to the strategic fabric of pharmaceutical endeavors.

Field Medical Affairs, in particular, finds itself in the paradoxical position of being indispensable yet challenged with quantifying outcomes and impact. While conventional metrics, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Key Medical Objectives (KMOs) may capture the volume of engagements and indicators of impact, they often fall short in capturing the transformative influence that Field Medical Affairs teams wield. Traditional, activity-based metrics have missed the mark on translating Field Medical Affairs activities to tangible milestones, such as changes in HCP perception, HCP advocacy or closing critical care gaps that impact overall patient outcomes.

For Field Medical Affairs to effectively execute on performance measures, organizations must establish a strong foundation by developing an appropriate structure, size and mandate for the medical organization. This involves defining clear roles and responsibilities, aligning the Field Medical Affairs plan, activities and deliverables with asset and medical strategies, communicating key objectives and creating specialized roles such as HEOR/payer-focused liaisons or nursefocused liaisons.

Due to the nature of the role and the activities Field Medical Affairs undertake, a one-size-fits-all approach for performance and impact measurement is not effective. To effectively showcase the real impact of Field Medical Affairs activities, a comprehensive, customized model that integrates various quantitative and qualitative methods is

essential. The selection of KMOs and impact measures should be driven by cross-functional requirements and aligned with expectations, ensuring they are tailored to the specific lifecycle stage of assets. Regular review and adjustment of KMOs and impact measures are necessary as assets progress through different lifecycle stages and as market dynamics and strategic priorities evolve.

Organizations must also consider how Field Medical Affairs allocates its time between traditional HCP engagements and other activities such as clinical trial support, conferences, advisory boards or patient advocacy to ensure adequate headcount and capacity to carry out their field-based activities despite shifting priorities.

Trinity advocates for optimizing the impact of Field Medical Affairs on clinical practice, standard of care, HCP perception, patient outcomes and the commercial success of assets. This requires a strategic shift from tracking and measuring “inputs” like activity metrics to focus on “outputs” such as patient outcomes. Achieving this transformation entails developing a compelling medical value and scientific narrative, enhancing the skills and competencies of Field Medical Affairs through training and coaching, selecting appropriate patient outcomes and leveraging robust data and analytics tools and capabilities. Trinity offers extensive expertise and a wide range of capabilities to support clients through this transformation, helping them build a “Best in Class” Field Medical Affairs program.

Surgical Power Tools

Reliable Helpers in Routine Clinical Practice

Surgical power tools have become indispensable in modern healthcare, particularly within operating rooms across various disciplines. These tools

play an essential role in procedures such as tissue resection, bone shaping, and implant placement. Key medical fields like orthopedics, gynecology, urology, and

dentistry depend on these tools to improve patient outcomes and enhance operational efficiency. This white paper explores the applications of surgical power tools, their current state, and potential future developments.

Applications Across Medical Fields

Surgical power tools are diverse in both function and design, tailored to the specific needs of various surgical procedures. For instance, in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeries, a shaver or debrider is commonly used for polypectomy, utilizing a console with user interfaces and interconnected systems, such as pumps and foot pedals. In gynecology, morcellators are employed to resect intrauterine polyps, working similarly through a console-controlled system with suction channels. Orthopedic procedures rely on power tools like bone saws or drills with battery-operated motors, while dentistry uses straight and angled handpieces for implant placements or root canal drilling.

Neurosurgery and spine surgery further demonstrate the precision and variability of surgical power tools. High-speed handpieces used in craniotomies or spinal surgeries can reach up to 100,000 rpm, ensuring precise bone tissue removal.

Key Benefits for Surgeons and Patients

Surgical power tools offer significant advantages to both the medical team and patients, including:

1. Shorter treatment and recovery times

2. Increased patient safety

3. Minimally invasive procedures

4. Improved aesthetic outcomes

These tools are valued for their precision and reliability, delivering better outcomes while improving the efficiency of surgeries.

Essential Requirements for Surgical Power Tools Power tools in surgical applications must meet rigorous demands for functionality, ergonomics, and ease of use. Features such as smooth-running motors, lightweight ergonomic handpieces, and high controllability are critical to ensuring effective performance. Furthermore, the tools must be easy to sterilize and maintain, allowing reuse across multiple procedures without compromising safety.

Engineers develop solutions to meet these requirements by focusing on aspects like speed control, torque control, processing, system integration, and user interfaces. For example, in orthopedic applications, high torque is essential at low speeds for implant placement, while ENT and gynecology procedures may require high-precision cutting with shavers operating at oscillating frequencies between 300 and 10,000 rpm.

System Integration and Connectivity An important element of surgical power tools is their ability to seamlessly integrate with the larger operating room environment. Controller units are designed to detect connected handpieces automatically, adjusting torque and speed for specific applications to enhance safety. Additionally, modern tools

offer connectivity options, including Wi-Fi or local network integration, allowing data to be processed in real-time. This connectivity also allows surgical tools to be linked with existing hospital systems for streamlined operations.

Manufacturing

and

Industrialization of

Power Tools The development of surgical power tools extends beyond design to include the complex processes of manufacturing and industrialization. Key activities include supply chain management, where components sourced from multiple suppliers are assembled with precision. Production requires specialized knowledge and a highly skilled workforce to ensure every tool meets stringent medical device regulations. Quality control processes include testing parameters such as motor functionality, torque accuracy, and handpiece seals, all crucial to ensuring patient safety.

Brütsch Elektronik AG emphasizes the importance of the "one-stop shop" approach, where development, manufacturing, and service are all handled by a single provider. This integrated approach ensures closer cooperation between development and production teams, faster implementation of design changes, and reduced coordination efforts between stakeholders.

Future of Surgical Power Tools Looking ahead, technological advancements in robotics and data acquisition are driving innovations in surgical power tools.

Miniaturization is expected to enable even less invasive procedures, improving treatment outcomes and reducing recovery times. Modular systems and intelligent data processing will offer flexibility in the operating room, while connectivity and networked OR suites will enable smarter, more integrated surgical environments. Surgical robotics, in particular, is a rapidly growing field where power tools will continue to play a crucial role.

For manufacturers, the challenges of approval processes and stringent regulations remain significant. However, outsourcing development and manufacturing to OEM partners like Brütsch Elektronik AG allows companies to focus on marketing complete systems while leveraging external expertise in areas like handpiece design and system integration.

Conclusion Surgical power tools are vital to modern clinical practice, offering enhanced precision, efficiency, and safety. As technological advancements continue to evolve, these tools will become even more versatile and integrated into the digital landscape of healthcare. Companies like Brütsch Elektronik AG, with their expertise in development, manufacturing, and service, provide comprehensive solutions for medical device manufacturers, ensuring that surgical power tools meet the highest standards of quality and performance.

2024 Hospital Patient Flow Management Summit

4-5 November, 2024|Nashville, TN

https://www.wcforum.com/conferences/patientflow-management#ConferenceOverview

About Event: The efficient hospital-wide patient flow is essential in achieving value based health and delivering safe, high-quality patient centric healthcare. Hospitals and health systems are examining how to provide the right care, in the right place, and at the right time while reducing costs and eliminating waste. They are developing and implementing innovative and collaborative based interventions, and employing technology and real-time data information.

Listed Under: Facility & Operations

36th European Congress of Pathology

7-11 September, 2024| Florence, Italy

https://www.esp-congress.org/

About Event: The motto of the ECP 2024‚ Multidimensional Pathology – Cornerstone of modern diagnostics reflects the fact that Pathology as no other medical discipline has integrated novel technologies – such as electron microscopy, immunohistology, molecular diagnostics and recently computational pathology (and more to come) – into its portfolio while safely relying on classical histology in its broad spectrum of diagnostic services.

Listed Under: Diagnostics

National Diagnostic Imaging Symposium

8-12 December, 2024|Florida, USA

https://www.worldclasscme.com/events/nationaldiagnostic-imaging-symposium-2024

About Event: The in-depth lectures – geared toward diagnostic radiologists in clinical practice – are packed with high-yield tips and pearls for the busy radiologist. All sessions include case-

based presentations with ample time set aside for questions and answers, and for you to informally meet and interact with our faculty.

Listed Under: Diagnostics

Future Hospital Show 2024

9th December, 2024 | London, England

https://www.giant.health/future-hospital

About Event: The Future Hospital Show 2024 brings together NHS Clinical leaders, hospital procurement staff, patients, vendors, and administrators to have conversations and inspire solutions and partnerships that will direct the healthcare landscape to where it needs to be.

Listed Under: Hospital Management

2025 Population Health Management Summit for Payers & Providers

February 20-21, 2025| San Diego, CA, USA

https://www.wcforum.com/conferences/populationhealth

About Event: The 2025 Population Health Management Summit for Payers & Providers, attendees will benefit from learning about best practices and strategies that have been deployed to address the challenges in transforming the nation’s healthcare to improve and maintain a healthy population while reducing healthcare spending.

Listed Under: Hospital Management

International Conference on Neurological Disorders and Stroke

10-11 March, 2025 | London, UK

https://www.stripeconferences.com/strokeconferences-2024/

About Event: The Themed “Advancements in Neurological Research and Innovation: Navigating the Future,” this conference offers a dynamic platform to explore diverse perspectives on treatment methodologies. Stroke 2025 serves as a catalyst for scientific exchange, fostering collaboration among esteemed researchers and emerging leaders in the field of neurology.

Listed Under: Surgical Speciality

3rd European Congress of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry

17-18 February, 2025 | Amsterdam, Netherlands

https://neurologyconf.com/

About Event: The 3rd European Congress of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry brings together neurologists and neuroscientists to network and exchange knowledge to tackle major challenges in neurology. The overarching theme of conference is “Brain and Mental Health: Navigating the Future of Neurology and Psychiatry”. Topics will include Neurology, Neuroscience, Brain Injury, Neurosurgery, Dementia, Stoke, and Spine Injury.

Listed under: Medical Science

8th NHS Outpatient Transformation Conference

30 October, 2024 | London, England

https://www.convenzis.co.uk/events/the-outpatienttransformation-conference-south-2024

About Event: The conference can foster dialogue, share insights, and catalyse actionable solutions. Amid ongoing healthcare reforms, technological advancements, and shifting patient expectations, the need to optimise outpatient services for efficiency, accessibility, and quality has never been more critical. Therefore, this conference not only meets an immediate demand but also provides a strategic opportunity to shape the future of outpatient care delivery within the NHS.

Listed Under: Facility & Operations

7th Global Congress on Spine and Spinal Disorders

31 October – 01 November, 2024 | Amsterdam, Netherlands

https://spine-disorders.neurologyconference.com/

About Event: The "Spinal DisordersRevolutionizing Diagnosis and Treatment Approach" International Conference on Spine and Spinal Disorders presents an unparalleled opportunity to collaborate, exchange information, and create innovative research projects and frameworks. This conference, focusing on the most captivating developments in neuroscience, will provide an excellent platform for researchers worldwide to connect, collaborate, and evaluate new advancements in clinical practice.

Listed Under: Surgical Speciaily

5th International Conference on Infection Prevention and Control

11-12 November, 2024 | London,UK

https://crgconferences.com/infectioncontrol/

About Event: The series also provides a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Infection Prevention and Control.

Listed Under: Medical Science

Healthcare CEO & Executive Strategy Summit 2024

Date: October 21-22, 2024

Location: Four Seasons Hotel, Westlake Village, CA, USA

The Healthcare CEO & Executive Strategy Summit is set to gather senior healthcare leaders and top innovators for two days of focused discussions, networking, and strategic collaboration. This exclusive, invitation-only event will address the most pressing issues facing the healthcare sector, offering premium insights through keynote sessions, case studies, and expert-led forums.

Key Topics:

Healthcare Staffing Crisis: Solutions to tackle workforce shortages, with emphasis on innovative recruitment and retention strategies.

Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity in Healthcare: Creating fair, inclusive workplaces and addressing disparities in patient care.

Managing the Continued Pandemic: Strategies to handle the ongoing impacts of

COVID-19 on financial and resource planning.

Digital Transformation and Innovation: Exploring advancements in digital health technology to enhance operations and patient care.

Tackling Mental Health and Well-being: Supporting the mental health of healthcare workers amidst growing stressors.

Population Health Management: Best practices for improving community wellbeing and integrating mental health into public health initiatives.

This summit is a must-attend for healthcare executives from North America’s leading hospitals and health systems, offering a unique platform for strategic connections, powerful alliances, and cutting-edge insights. Industry thought leaders will share visionary ideas and actionable strategies, empowering attendees to lead transformation within their organizations.

Key service providers and suppliers will also have the opportunity to form partnerships with senior-level healthcare executives through curated matchmaking processes, ensuring meaningful, solution-oriented engagements.

Healthcare CFO - Financial Strategy & Revenue Cycle Summit 2024

Date: October 21-22, 2024

Location: Encore Boston Harbor in Boston, MA, US

The Healthcare CFO, Financial Strategy & Revenue Cycle Summit will bring together senior healthcare finance executives and leading suppliers to address the critical issues shaping the future of healthcare finance..

This premium summit will spotlight innovative strategies and emerging trends, tackling key issues such as Regenerative AI, Machine Learning, and Automation to drive operational transformation, as well as solutions to the Healthcare Worker Shortage and escalating labor costs. Cybersecurity best practices, Revenue Cycle Management optimization, and strategies for improving Payer Relations and addressing Cash Flow Management challenges will also take center stage.

Executives will gain actionable insights from visionary keynote presentations, case

studies, and interactive discussions, while forming valuable partnerships with vetted service providers aligned with their needs. This event offers a unique opportunity for healthcare finance leaders to access essential intelligence and explore cutting-edge solutions.

Event Highlights:

• Dynamic Keynotes from industry leaders.

• In-depth exploration of AI, Automation, Staff Shortages, Cybersecurity, and more.

• Networking with America’s foremost healthcare finance executives and innovative suppliers.

• Practical strategies for overcoming revenue cycle challenges and optimizing cash flow. Join Us for unparalleled collaboration, valuable connections, and the latest insights driving success in healthcare finance.

Philips Gets FDA Approval for Enhanced LumiGuide Guidewire, Hits 1000 Patients Treated

Royal Philips has announced FDA approval for its enhanced 160cm LumiGuide guidewire, marking a milestone as the 1000th patient was treated using Philips’ breakthrough Fiber Optic RealShape (FORS) technology.

This innovative guidewire was first used in a complex aortic aneurysm repair in the U.S., offering enhanced capabilities for clinicians. The new longer LumiGuide expands the technology's use, allowing U.S. doctors to visualize a wider range of catheters during minimally-invasive procedures.

Traditionally, interventional devices like catheters are guided using X-ray imaging (fluoroscopy), which involves radiation exposure and only offers 2D grayscale images. Philips' LumiGuide, powered by FORS technology, revolutionizes the process by providing real-time, 3D, and color images of guidewires

GE HealthCare’s MIM Software Gets FDA Clearance for Centiloid Tool in Alzheimer’s Imaging

GE HealthCare’s MIM Software has received FDA 510(k) clearance for its new Centiloid scaling tool, designed for positron emission tomography (PET) analysis of amyloid plaques in the brain. This tool, integrated with the vendor-neutral MIMneuro platform, aims to help clinicians accurately quantify amyloid plaque density, a crucial aspect of Alzheimer’s disease pathology.

With Alzheimer’s accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases, the need for effective diagnostic

and catheters from any angle with minimal radiation. This advancement significantly improves navigation in challenging cases, such as aortic repairs, cutting procedure times by 37% and reducing X-ray exposure by 70%.

The 160cm LumiGuide wire extends the reach and catheter compatibility compared to its predecessor, making it more versatile for a broader range of patients and procedures. According to Dr. Atul Gupta, Chief Medical Officer for Diagnosis and Treatment at Philips, "LumiGuide allows 3D visualization of devices from angles not possible with conventional systems, improving workflows and reducing radiation risks."

Philips’ LumiGuide seamlessly integrates with its Azurion Image Guided Therapy System, winning the 2024 Red Dot Design Award for its innovative approach to improving minimally-invasive surgeries while protecting patients and staff.

tools is pressing, as over 6 million Americans currently live with the disease. The Centiloid scale provides a standardized metric to measure amyloid density, offering a clear comparison of results across different institutions and radiotracers. Zero on the scale represents average values from amyloid-negative patients, while 100 indicates typical values for Alzheimer’s patients.

Andrew Nelson, CEO of MIM Software, emphasized the importance of this tool in enhancing clinician confidence and improving patient access to advanced care. The automated workflow of MIMneuro guides clinicians in generating and interpreting quantitative results, streamlining the evaluation process.

As amyloid-targeting therapies show promise in delaying cognitive decline, the Centiloid scaling solution enables healthcare providers to make informed decisions regarding treatment options. GE HealthCare is committed to integrating diagnostic and therapeutic solutions, aiming to improve the Alzheimer’s disease care pathway from diagnosis to treatment monitoring, ensuring better outcomes for patients.

First AR Spine Surgery in Michigan with OnPoint AR System

Neurosurgeons in Detroit made history by performing the first augmented reality spine surgery in Michigan using the OnPoint AR Spine System. This innovative platform offers a cost-effective and precise alternative to traditional navigation and robotic systems.

Dr. Muwaffak M. Abdulhak, Endowed Chair of Spine Innovation at Henry Ford Hospital, led the surgical team, which treated a 66-year-old patient suffering from leg pain due to previous failed spinal surgeries.

Dr. Abdulhak praised the OnPoint system, stating, “There is a seamless transition between the patient and augmented reality. I was able to see exactly where to place screws, guided on trajectory and depth.” This new technology allows surgeons to visualize the placement of implants directly on the patient, eliminating the need to look away at a distant monitor, as was required with fluoroscopy.

Philipp Lang, CEO of OnPoint, highlighted the system's revolutionary impact, explaining that it superimposes virtual surgical guides and implants onto the surgeon's view using advanced optical technology. Studies presented at the 2023 Congress of Neurological Surgeons indicate that the OnPoint AR Spine System surpasses the accuracy of existing navigation and robotic systems by 2 to 5 times, providing significant benefits for spinal procedures. This groundbreaking surgery marks a significant advancement in minimally invasive spine surgery techniques in Michigan.

Zavation Medical Products Launches Varisync® ALIF System for Enhanced Spinal Surgery

Zavation Medical Products, LLC, a leader in spinal device technology, has unveiled its latest innovation: the Varisync® ALIF System. Designed to streamline anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) procedures, the Varisync system features customizable options with anchor and screw fixation.

The Varisync ALIF System allows for innovative anchor fixation, requiring fewer operative steps than traditional screw methods. Its advanced instrumentation facilitates the simultaneous deployment of three pre-loaded anchors through a minimally invasive corridor. This approach is particularly beneficial in complex cases where anatomical constraints impede screw placement.

Dr. Hanbing Zhou, an orthopedic spine surgeon at the Bone & Joint Institute, recently utilized the Varisync system in a pioneering case. He remarked, “The Varisync ALIF System reduces procedural complexity with its anchor-based fixation. Its design and deployment efficiency are game-changers in ALIF procedures.” The system incorporates patented Mimetic Metal® technology, designed to mimic natural bone, promoting superior osteointegration compared to conventional materials.

The Varisync ALIF spacers are available in multiple footprints and heights, catering to various surgical needs. Indicated for patients with degenerative disc disease at one or two contiguous levels from L2 to S1, the system aims to enhance patient outcomes through advanced engineering and reduced procedural complexity.

Mevion Medical Systems, NELCO Worldwide Partner to Boost Proton Therapy Adoption

Stryker Expands Foot and Ankle Portfolio with New Precision Surgical Systems

Stryker, a leader in medical technology, has announced the addition of two innovative products to its Foot & Ankle portfolio: the Osteotomy Truss System™ (OTS) and the Ankle Truss System™ (ATS), recently acquired from 4WEB Medical. Both products will be showcased at the upcoming American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Annual Meeting in Vancouver.

Mevion Medical Systems, a leader in compact proton therapy technology, has partnered with NELCO Worldwide, a top provider of radiation-shielding solutions, to accelerate the adoption of proton therapy. This collaboration aims to simplify the conversion of existing linear accelerator (LINAC) vaults for the MEVION S250-FIT Proton Therapy System.

The MEVION S250-FIT is the first full proton therapy system that can be installed in existing LINAC vaults, thanks to its innovative self-shielded cyclotron and high-efficiency beamline, which reduce the complexity of shielding modifications. Proton therapy is known for its precision and reduced side effects, making it especially beneficial for tumors near critical organs and in pediatric cases. However, high costs and the complexity of new proton therapy centers have limited its broader adoption.

This partnership combines Mevion’s advanced system with NELCO’s expertise in radiation shielding, streamlining the conversion process and optimizing shielding designs. By integrating specialized shielding doors, healthcare providers can achieve cost savings and shorter implementation times.

Tina Yu, CEO of Mevion, stated, “This collaboration will empower healthcare providers to offer a more precise form of radiation therapy, improving quality of life for cancer patients.” Rick LeBlanc, CEO of NELCO, added that the partnership aims to make proton therapy a viable option for more hospitals and clinics. This initiative marks a significant advancement in expanding access to proton therapy for patients.

The Ankle Truss System features Arthrosphere® and Arthrocube™ implants designed to restore limb length and provide structural integrity during tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) fusions. Utilizing Truss Implant Technology™, the ATS supports bone fusion and is cleared for use with Stryker’s T2 Ankle Arthrodesis Nail or Valor Hindfoot Fusion Nail.

It will be available in three shapes, facilitating quicker surgical scheduling for patients requiring immediate ankle fusion.

The Osteotomy Truss System includes Cotton, Evans, and Utility wedges, offering comprehensive solutions for various osteotomy procedures in the foot and ankle. The ATS is set to debut at the AOFAS meeting, while the OTS is already available for use.

Michael Rankin, Stryker’s VP of marketing for Foot & Ankle, emphasized the company’s commitment to enhancing surgical solutions for optimal patient outcomes. Stryker will also highlight the Artelon Flexband, a next-generation biomaterial, and celebrate ten years of the Infinity Total Ankle System, renowned for its high survivorship rates and reliable performance in total ankle replacement.

Olympus to Showcase EVIS X1™ Endoscopy System at Vizient

Innovative

Technology Exchange

Olympus has been selected to exhibit its cutting-edge EVIS X1 Endoscopy System at the upcoming Vizient Innovative Technology Exchange on September 18 in Las Vegas. Vizient, Inc., the largest provider-driven healthcare performance improvement company in the U.S., offers this annual event for suppliers to demonstrate innovative products to clinical leaders and supply chain experts from its network of customer hospitals.

The EVIS X1 Endoscopy System represents Olympus’ latest advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy, designed to aid physicians in detecting and treating gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. It includes four compatible endoscopes: therapeutic and diagnostic bronchoscopes, a gastroscope, and a colonoscope. Notably, the ErgoGrip control sections of the gastroscope and

Edwards Launches SAPIEN 3 with Alterra Prestent for Pulmonic Valve Implantation in Europe

Edwards Lifesciences has launched the SAPIEN 3 transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) system with Alterra adaptive prestent in Europe, enhancing minimally invasive treatment options for patients with congenital heart conditions. The SAPIEN 3 with Alterra has recently received CE mark approval for managing severe pulmonary regurgitation, allowing it to cater to a broader range of anatomical variations.

colonoscope are 10% lighter than their predecessors, enhancing usability.

The system’s CV-1500 video processor features five LEDs and four visualization technologies, including Texture and Color Enhancement Imaging (TXI™) and Narrow Band Imaging™ (NBI™), to improve anatomical visualization. Its compact design integrates a processor and light source, and a touch panel enables customizable settings for various procedures.

“Olympus is thrilled to showcase the EVIS X1, which offers healthcare providers versatile imaging modalities to enhance patient care,” said Jay Sullivan, Group Vice President at Olympus. Kelly Flaharty of Vizient noted that the Exchange facilitates meaningful interactions with technologies that can significantly impact clinical care and healthcare business models.

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This innovative system is designed to improve clinical outcomes by providing effective solutions for patients who often face multiple invasive surgeries, significantly affecting their quality of life. Professor Damien Kenny, a consultant congenital cardiologist at Crumlin Hospital and the Mater Hospital in Dublin, remarked on the system's impact, stating, “The addition of the Alterra adaptive prestent means we can now offer minimally invasive therapy to more pulmonic patients, potentially delaying the need for future open-heart surgeries.”

The SAPIEN 3 valve, combined with the Alterra prestent, addresses diverse challenges in the right ventricular outflow tract, creating a stable landing zone for implantation. Its specially designed delivery system enables smooth tracking to the pulmonary artery and offers the unique capability to recapture and reposition if necessary.

Gregory Servotte, Senior Vice President of Transcatheter Heart Valves at Edwards, emphasized the significance of this advancement for a diverse patient population, stating, “We are dedicated to developing lifesaving innovations for patients with structural heart disease.”

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Driving Innovation Latest Appointments You Need to

Know

Appointed as Baxter International Inc.'s Board of Directors

Appointed as Board of Directors at Boston Scientific

Appointed as Chief Commercial Officer at RTI Surgical

JULIE SAWYER MONTGOMERY

Appointed as Executive Vice President for Diagnostics at Danaher

Appointed as Chief Region Leader of Philips Greater China

Appointed as Intuitive's Board of Directors

Appointed as Chief Operating Officer at Endologix LLC

Appointed as Board of Directors at OraSure Technologies

Appointed as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors at Axogen, Inc.

JEFFREY A. CRAIG

DAVID J. ROSA

DAVID HABIGER

LING LIU

GRAHAM PHILLIPS

CHAD CROASDALE

JACK KENNY

MICHAEL DALE

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